Soil organic matter content inversion model with remote sensing image in field scale of blacksoil area

Abstract: In this paper, an agricultural field of 41.3 hm2 in the black soil region of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, 2 phases of remote sensing images during the second half of May (Landsat 8 image on May 17th and Sentinel-2A image on May 25th) and 4 m resolution DEM data were used as the basis research data, and the spatial distribution of soil organic matter (SOM) in the field scale was investigated. Through the analysis of the relationship between remote sensing image reflectance, spectral index and organic matter, the comparison of the difference information between 2 soil spectral reflectance curves of 2 different images for characterizing soil moisture, and the analysis of the relationship between terrain factors and SOM spatial distribution, this paper established the SOM predicting model by BP (back propagation) neural network. Comparing and analyzing the models' accuracy by using 3 kinds of modeling methods, this paper took the optimal model for mapping spatial distribution of SOM in study area and analyzed the spatial distribution of SOM through the inversion map. Results showed that the spatial differences of field SOM were significant. From west to east in field, with the terrain increasing, the difference of spatial distribution of SOM increased. The spatial distribution of SOM was affected by slope, aspect and slope position; the SOM content on the 0-3° slope area was significantly higher than that of other slope areas; the content of SOM on shady slope was slightly higher than that of the sunny slope; the content of SOM decreased from the bottom of the slope to the sunny slope, and the content of SOM increased from the sunny slope to the top of the slope; the content of SOM decreased from the top of the slope to shady slope, and the content of SOM increased from the shady slope to the bottom of the slope. The 3-5 bands of Landsat 8 image and 3, 4, 8 bands of Sentinel-2A image can be used as the main reference bands to inverse SOM; the 5-7 bands of Landsat 8 image and 8, 11, 12 bands of Sentinel-2A image can be used as the characterization band of soil moisture. For the SOM prediction model with single phase image, the model precision was high based on red band and 785-899 nm band; for the SOM prediction model with 2 phases of images, the prediction accuracy and stability were improved significantly based on red and 1570-1650 nm band; on the basis of 2 image models, the accuracy improved when adding terrain factor into the model. The study shows that taking temporal information into account and using multi temporal images can help to improve the accuracy of SOM remote sensing retrieval. The change of soil water content has a certain influence on the content of SOM. The black soil region was in plain and hill areas, so the terrain has a certain effect on the degree of soil erosion, and then influences the spatial distribution of SOM. The results of this study are applicable for black soil area in plain and hill terrain area. The results will provide reference for remote sensing technology applied in the monitoring of soil parameters, and play a better role of land quality evaluation and estimation of soil carbon pool, and also will provide theoretical and technical support for precision agriculture and farmland fertilization.