Qin Shijie, Shi Dengfeng, Gao Weida. Responses of soil water content to rainfall events under different tillage management in Southern Jilin Province of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(18): 147-155. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.18.016
    Citation: Qin Shijie, Shi Dengfeng, Gao Weida. Responses of soil water content to rainfall events under different tillage management in Southern Jilin Province of China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2022, 38(18): 147-155. DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2022.18.016

    Responses of soil water content to rainfall events under different tillage management in Southern Jilin Province of China

    • Abstract: Soil water content is one of the essential indicators for crop growth. The main source of soil water is then the rainfall in the rainfed agricultural region. Among them, tillage management is one of the important factors for the distribution of rainfall above and below ground, which is closely related to the dynamics of soil water content. However, it is still unclear in the response of soil water content to rainfall events under different tillage management. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of tillage management on the response characteristics of soil water content to rainfall events on Mollisol. The long-standing tillage experiment was carried out in the spring of 2011 at the Lishu Experiment Station of China Agricultural University (43°16′ N, 124°26′ E), located in Lishu, Jilin Province, China. The time-domain reflectometer (TDR) probes were installed in the soil depths of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm under no-tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT) treatments, in order to monitor the dynamics of soil water content. Some parameters were used to quantify the dynamic response of soil water content under NT and CT to rainfall events, including the accumulated soil water content increment (ASWI), the ratio of accumulated soil water content increment between adjacent soil layers (RSWI), the maximum (Smax) and mean (Smean) rate or the slope of a soil water content curve under rainfall events, the difference of the soil water content response time between two adjacent soil layers (DRTlayer), the difference of the soil water content response time and rainfall onset time (DRTrainfall), and the duration of soil water response to rainfall events (DUR). According to the rainfall duration and intensity, 24 rainfall events were divided into three categories with the K-means clustering: the rainfall events Ⅰ with the large rainfall (25.53 mm) and long rainfall duration (15.92 h), the rainfall events Ⅱ with the small rainfall (5.42 mm) and long rainfall duration (2.00 h), and the rainfall events Ⅲ with the large rainfall (19.22 mm), short rainfall duration (4.92 h) and heavy rainfall intensity (0.29 mm min-1). The results indicated that: 1) The ASWI of NT was significantly lower than that of CT under 0-2.5, 2.5-5, and 5-10 cm soil layer, due to the lower soil water content of CT in the surface layer. 2) The ASWI of CT decreased with the increase of soil depth, while remaining stable under the NT. 3) The RSWI of NT was over 100% under the most rainfall conditions, whereas less than 100% under the CT. The values of Smax and Smean of NT were generally higher than those of CT. Moreover, there was a high frequency of negative abnormal values and average values of DRTlayer under the NT management at the high rainfall intensity. It infers that the activities of preferential flow were greater under the NT management. Therefore, the soil water content under the NT presented a stronger response to extreme rainfall. Furthermore, there was no significant influence of soil bulk density on the soil water infiltration, due to the well-developed biological pores network. Therefore, the rainfall can be percolated into the soil, as the extreme rainfall continued, which was beneficial to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.
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