<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20103613222477
Title:Application of landsurface data assimilation into the simulation of soil moisture and temperature of croplands in oasis
Authors:Wen, Lijuan (1); L&#252;, Shihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Corresponding author:Wen, L.
      (wlj@lzb.ac.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:60-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Precisely predicting soil moisture can benefit the reasonable distribution of the limited water resources. A one dimensional landsurface data assimilation system was applied to water and heat transfer study over croplands in Jinta oasis, which was a combination of ensemble Kalman filter method and Noah Lsm (Community Noah Land Surface Model, N: National Center for Environmental Prediction, O: Oregon State University, A: Air Force, H: Hydrology Research Lab) coupled in the mesoscale models MM5 (Mesoscale Model version 5) and WRF (Weather Forecast and Research model). The results showed the improvements not only on the simulated soil moisture, but also the simulation of soil temperature and latent heat flux in the experiment of assimilation of the soil moisture of shallow layers. The simulated soil temperature can be significantly improved after the assimilation of the soil temperature. If the study is applied into the mesoscale model in the future, the result will benefit distributing water resources efficiently by means of predicting soil moisture of a region accurately.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Boundary layers - Data processing - Geologic models - Moisture determination - Rain - Soil moisture - Temperature - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Air Force - Croplands in oasis - Data assimilation - Data assimilation systems - Ensemble Kalman Filter - Land surface models - Landsurface assimilation - Mesoscale model - National center for environmental predictions - Oregon State University  - Research models - Shallow layers - Soil temperature - Weather forecasts
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 444 Water Resources - 443.3 Precipitation - 443 Meteorology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20103613222496
Title:Sharing and integration of gear manufacturing information based on XML and Web services
Authors:Li, Jubo (1); Deng, Xiaozhong (2); Xu, Aijun (2); Li, Tianxing (2); Gao, Zhenshan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Electromechanical Engineering College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
Corresponding author:Deng, X.
      (DXZ01@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:169-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to implement information sharing and integration among systems and accelerate the informatization process of the gear enterprise, authors proposed one gear manufacturing information sharing and integration solution based on extensive makeup language (XML) and Web services. The mapping mechanism between EXPRESS data model and XML data model in the gear enterprise was researched; the conversion and representation of standard exchange of product data model (STEP) with XML was implementated, the gear information sharing and service platform was constructed based on Web services, and the architecture and software achieving were elaborated. At last, one helical gear networked grinding experiment was presented to verify the feasibility and practicability of this information sharing and integration approach. The experiment results indicate that the scheme proposed in this paper can effectively implement the information sharing and integration among systems and meet the informatization requirement of the gear enterprise.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Information dissemination
Controlled terms:Gear manufacture - Helical gears - Industry - Information management - Information retrieval - Linguistics - Models - Software architecture - Standards - Web services  - XML
Uncontrolled terms:Data models - Extensive makeup language (XML) - Gear manufacturing - Information sharing - Informatization - Integration approach - Mapping mechanism - Product data model - Service platforms - XML data models
Classification code:913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 601.2 Machine Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20103613222481
Title:Decreasing power consume of fan in combine harvester threshing prior to cutting with air suction
Authors:Wang, Lijun (1); Jiang, Yiyuan (1); Wang, Yecheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, L.
      (wljszf@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:87-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to decrease power consume of fan in 4ZTL-1800 combine harvester threshing prior to cutting with air suction, traces of chaffies and short straws moving in the fan were tracked by discrete phase model of Lagrange in numerical simulation. Their moving laws were as follows. Chaffies and straws moved under force of rotor rotating in the fan, and so which axial and radial speeds increased gradually. When they moved to the volute, their speeds were decreased and their moving directions were changed. Most of chaffies and straws exhausted along the upper wall of fan. Part of fan power was consumed by airflow taking chaffies and short straws and their eddy moving. Because noise was part of power consume, according to the results of numerical simulation, the test was done about the effect of muffle fixed at exit of the fan on fan noise and fan noise was decreased. The results are beneficial to decrease power consume of fan.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Combines - Fans - Harvesters - Noise pollution - Noise pollution control - Pollution induced corrosion
Uncontrolled terms:Air suction - Combine harvesters - Discrete phase model - Fan noise - Fan power - Lagrange - Moving direction - Numerical simulation - Power consume - Trace
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20103613222523
Title:Design and evaluation of ice consumption estimated system for Pseudosciaena crocea chilled chain
Authors:Yang, Xianshi (1); Xu, Zhong (1); Wu, Guojin (1); Guo, Quanyou (1); Li, Xueying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (2) Food Science College, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Corresponding author:Yang, X.
      (xianshiyang@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:324-328
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:With the purpose of accurately measure the ice needed during the circulation process of iced Pseudosciaena crocea, heat transfer principal theory was applied to analysis the heat transfer between inside and outside of foam box, and an estimation model of ice consumption for Pseudosciaena crocea in the circulation was established based on ambient temperatures from 0&deg;C to 25&deg;C. By the means of platform developed using Visual Basic, this model was applied in the system, which improved its practical application function. The accuracy of the estimation system was also verified through simulation tests under different ambient temperatures. The results showed that relative deviations of estimated values and factual values on ice consumption were in the range from 7.0% to 16.2% with an average deviation of 12.3%, and the deviation factor and accuracy factor of ice consumption estimation system were 0.778 and 1.285, respectively, which suggested the estimation system could quickly and reliably estimate the practical ice consumption during circulation process of iced Pseudosciaena crocea, and could be considered as an effective tool to monitor ice consumption during circulation.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Computer software - Estimation - Heat transfer - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Ambient temperatures - Application functions - Application softwares - Average deviation - Circulation - Deviation factor - Effective tool - Estimation models - Estimation systems - Pseudosciaena crocea  - Relative deviations - Simulation tests - VISUAL BASIC
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.057
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20103613222486
Title:Research on coating technology of detonation spraying for screw surface of low temperature screw presser
Authors:Zhang, Lin (1); Liu, Xuejin (1); Li, Dong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, L.
      (zhangl@whpu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:113-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve the useful life of screw surface of low temperature screw presser, the WC-12%Co wear resistant coat was prepared on the surface of screw by the detoratiom spraying process. The phase composition and microstructure of the coat were analyzed, and the microhardness of the coat and adhesion strength between the coat and the substrate were measured and tested. And the contrast wear resistant tests between detoratiom spraying coating screw specimen and traditional screw specimen were done and the results showed that the WC-12%Co detonation spraying coat possessed excellent mechanical properties and the using life of the WC-12%Co detonation spraying coat reached 4.2 times the using life of traditional carburizing and quenching coat.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Tungsten carbide
Controlled terms:Coating techniques - Coatings - Detonation - Mechanical properties - Research - Screws - Surface treatment - Wear resistance
Uncontrolled terms:Adhesion strengths - Coating technologies - Detonation spraying - Low temperatures - Spraying process - Useful life - Using life - Wear resistant
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 901.3 Engineering Research - 812.1 Ceramics - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 539 Metals Corrosion and Protection; Metal Plating - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20103613222533
Title:Mechanical properties of straw-powder/PP composites
Authors:Zhang, Donghui (1); He, Chunxia (1); Liu, Junjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:He, C.
      (chunxiahe@njau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:380-384
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The straw-powder/PP composites were made by compression molding process. Mechanical properties of the composites were tested, such as tensile and flexural properties by universal material testing machine and impact property by impacting testing machine. The microstructure of cross section was observed by stereomicroscope. The result showed that straw-powder/PP composites with relatively good mechanical properties could be obtained if the straw-powder could be modified by silane coupling agent KH570. Mechanical properties of the composites will be better when the content of the straw-powder with 60 mesh is exactly 50% of gross weight. The microstructure surface of composites with 60 mesh straw-powder can be smooth.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Mechanical properties
Controlled terms:Compression molding - Coupling agents - Couplings - Materials testing apparatus - Microstructure - Tensile testing - Thermoplastics - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Cross section - Flexural properties - Gross weight - Impact property - Material testing - Silane coupling agent - Testing machine - Wood plastic composites
Classification code:933 Solid State Physics - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 951 Materials Science - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 422.2 Test Methods - 422.1 Test Equipment - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.067
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20103613222505
Title:Analysis of winter wheat canopy structure for different plant types of growth period
Authors:Yang, Guijun (1); Xing, Zhurong (1); Huang, Wenjiang (1); Qi, La (1); Li, Weiguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Department of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266510, China
Corresponding author:Yang, G.
      (guijun.yang@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:227-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:It has different characteristics of the structural parameters for the same plant type at different growth stages and the different plant type at the same growth stages. Understanding the changes of parameters can improve the inversion precision of LAI and water use efficiency. In this paper, varieties investigations had been made by multi-temporal and bidirectional canopy reflected spectrum and structural parameters in Xiaotangshan Town, Beijing City. The growth changes of multi-angle spectrum and parameters were analyzed. The results showed that bidirectional canopy reflected spectrum had significant differences on the red band for the different varieties, and the best identification period was the jointing stage. The LAI of erective varieties was larger than the loose varieties between setting and jointing stage of the selected varieties. It also showed that it was feasible to identify plant type based on LAI which had the phenomenon of double peaks (at the end of April) from the experiment of 2009. Characteristic scale has the 'seesaw' effect for the loose varieties 9428 which is one of the bases for the identification of plant structural types.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Structural analysis
Controlled terms:Identification (control systems) - Interferometry - Reflection - Spectrum analysis - Spectrum analyzers - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Bidirectional reflectance - Identification - Leaf Area Index - Structural type - Winter wheat
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 731.1 Control Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20103613222514
Title:Determination and analysis of physical characteristics and fiber chemical composition of biogas residue
Authors:Liu, Lixue (1); Chen, Haitao (1); Han, Yongjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Chen, H.
      (haitao1963@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:277-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Selecting biogas residue of ruminant feces anaerobic fermentation as the research object, physical composition and fiber chemical composition were determined and analyzed by the methods of the vibration sieving, statistical analysis, image processing and the Fibertec 2010&amp;M6 system etc. Through the experimental study, biogas residue were mainly composed of the fiber, non-metallic minerals, minerals, their mass percentage were 64%, 35% and 1%, respectively; cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash were 44.8%, 21.9%, 15.6% and 17.7%, respectively, in the biogas residue fiber. Conclusion could be drawn that the mass percent of cellulose in the biogas residue, which is the remnant produced by anaerobic fermentation using ruminant feces, was above 5% more than that in rice straw, wheat straw and corn stalk; the mass percent of hemicellulose was 5% less than that in rice straw, wheat straw and corn stalk. This result can provide the base for the technology research on high value application of biogas residue resource.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Cellulose - Chemical properties - Fermentation - Fibers - Image processing - Industrial research - Physical properties - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Chemical compositions - Corn stalk - Experimental studies - Mass percentage - Nonmetallic minerals - Physical characteristics - Physical composition - Research object - Rice straws  - Statistical analysis - Technology research - Wheat straws
Classification code:943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 901.3 Engineering Research - 817 Plastics and Other Polymers: Products and Applications - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 812 Ceramics, Refractories and Glass - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 522 Gas Fuels - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.048
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20103613222519
Title:Evaluation on relative carbon efficiency of regional planning land use structure
Authors:Wang, Jiali (1); Huang, Xianjin (1); Zheng, Zeqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Engineering and Technology Center of Land Development and Consolidation in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210093, China; (2) College of Economy and Management, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
Corresponding author:Huang, X.
      (hxj369@nju.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:302-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To study the impacts of planning land use structure on carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystem, data envelopment analysis was introduced. The relative carbon efficiency of land use structure in general land use planning (2006-2020) was appraised in Jiangsu Province and its 13 cities, which carbon efficiency of land use structure was DEA efficient; 38.64%, 38.64% and 46.15% of 13 cities were DEA efficient in 2005, 2010 and 2020, respectively; Besides Jiangsu provincial level, 23.08%, 30.77% and 38.46% of 13 cities was DEA efficient in 2005, 2010 and 2020, respectively. Excessive constructive land was the key reason of inefficiency, redundant forest land and agrarian land also had contribution to it. It concludes that planning is efficient to some extent, and to the inefficient cities, it is primary to utilize constructive land economically and intensively. As to forest land and agrarian land, it is inadvisable to reduce the ratios because of their functions of food security and carbon sink, and the best choice is to carry out good practice to increase carbon sink and improve their contribution to ecosystem carbon storage.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Data envelopment analysis
Controlled terms:Data handling - Food storage - Forestry - Land use - Linear programming - Planning - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Best choice - Carbon efficiency - Carbon sink - Carbon storage - Food security - Forest land - Good practices - Jiangsu province - Land Use Planning - Relative carbon efficiency  - Terrestrial ecosystems
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 922 Statistical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.053
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20103613222491
Title:Power allocation analysis of hydraulic system with single pump and multiple motors of multifunctional snow-plough
Authors:Dong, Dongshuang (1); Deng, Hongchao (2); Ma, Wenxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) Institute of Electronic Information and Electromechanical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China
Corresponding author:Deng, H.
      (denghc@jlu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:140-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the power allocation characteristics of the multifunctional snow-plough's hydraulic system that with the single hydraulic pump and the multiple hydraulic motors, it was simulated with AMESIM that is the professional numerical analysis software for the hydraulic system. And the numerical analysis is based on the theoretical analysis and the established shunt displacement equations of the gear flow divider and the established pressure control equations of the hydraulic transformer. The flow characteristics and the pressure characteristics and the rotating speed characteristics and the rotating torque characteristics of all hydraulic motors are directly showed by the numerical analysis curves. Comparing the numerical analysis curves with the experiment data, the absolute value of the maximum relative error is less than 15.5%, and the power allocation eigenvalue of the multifunctional snow-plough's hydraulic system that with the single hydraulic pump and the multiple hydraulic motors. The power allocation can be realized and the power interference can be effectively avoided by using the low divider and the hydraulic transformer in the hydraulic system that with the single hydraulic pump and the multiple hydraulic motors. The distributive power has the migration character to the negative direction, the maximum negative error is -12.5%. The problems of the power allocation and the load power interference are effectively solved by using the low divider and the hydraulic transformer in the hydraulic system.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Hydraulics
Controlled terms:Beamforming - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Hydraulic control equipment - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic motors - Numerical analysis - Power control - Pumps - Rotation  - Snow
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Control equations - Displacement equation - Eigen-value - Experiment data - Flow - Flow characteristic - Flow dividers - Hydraulic pump - Hydraulic system  - Hydraulic transformer - Load power - Maximum relative errors - Multiple motor - Power allocations - Rotating speed - Single pumps - Torque characteristic
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 921.1 Algebra - 732 Control Devices - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 713 Electronic Circuits - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 632.1 Hydraulics - 618.2 Pumps - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 443.3 Precipitation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20103613222524
Title:Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on qualities of surimi product during refrigerated storage
Authors:Liu, Yongji (1); Li, Jianrong (1); Zhu, Junli (1); Ma, Yongjun (2); Li, Xuepeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Food Safety Key Lab. of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310035, China; (2) Zhejiang Industrial Group Corporation Limited, Zhoushan 316101, Zhejiang, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.
      (lijianrong@zjgsu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:329-334
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality changes of refrigerated surimi-based products with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The total viable counts (TVC), physicochemical parameters and sensory index were determined to evaluate the qualities of the surimi-based product fish-ball stored at (0&plusmn;0.5)&deg;C with different modified atmosphere packaging, air packaging (as control), low oxygen MAP (60%CO<inf>2</inf>+10%O<inf>2</inf>+30%N<inf>2</inf>), non oxygen MAP (60%CO<inf>2</inf>+40%N<inf>2</inf>) and non oxygen MAP combined with preservative (60%CO<inf>2</inf>+40%N<inf>2</inf>+preservative), respectively. The results showed that the TVC under air packaging after 32 days and low oxygen MAP after 42 days reached 8.5 &times; 10⁴ cfu/g and 8.7 &times; 10⁴ cfu/g respectively, exceeding the hygiene standard of surimi-based products. The sample with non oxygen MAP could extend the shelf-life of refrigerated fish-balls over 47 days (with TVC of 4.3 &times; 10⁴ cfu/g), and had certain advantage over low oxygen MAP and air packaging of the pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), whiteness and sensory evaluation during the storage. The shelf life of fish-ball with non oxygen MAP combined with compound preservatives could be tend up to more than 52 days (with TVC of 0.98 &times; 10⁴ cfu/g), and the lipid oxidation decreased. Thus, it was suggested that the shelf life of the fish-ball during cold storage were well extended under modified with non oxygen MAP or combined with compound preservatives.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Fish - Oxygen - Packaging - Spheres
Uncontrolled terms:Lipid oxidation - Low oxygen - Modified atmosphere packaging - Physicochemical parameters - Preservation - Quality change - Refrigerated storages - Sensory evaluation - Shelf life - Storage  - Surimi-based product - Thiobarbituric acid - Total viable counts
Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 694.4 Storage - 694.1 Packaging - 631 Fluid Flow - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.058
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20103613222508
Title:Enzymatic catalyzed transesterification reaction of tung oil to produce biodiesel continuously
Authors:Xu, Guizhuan (1); Yue, Jianzhi (1); Zhang, Bailiang (1); Cui, Xiaoyan (1); Feng, Shuwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College of Henan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, B.
      (haublo@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:245-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to raise the production efficiency, find out the appropriate reaction conditions for biodiesel industrial production, the transesterification reaction conditions of tung oil and methanol to produce biodiesel continuously catalyzed by immobilized lipase were studied. The reactions were carried out in fluidized bed reactors, and the influences of volume flow-rate, the density of lipase in the reactor, the molar ratio of methanol to oil and the reaction time on the transesterification conversion under the reaction temperature 43&deg;C were investigated. The reaction conditions for one reactor were as follows: the flow-rate 0.33 mL/min, the molar ratio of methanol to oil 0.75:1, the density of lipase in the reactor 0.15 g/mL, and the conversion was 22%. The same four reactors were used to make the transesterification reaction of tung oil thoroughly and continuously: a mixture of tung oil and 1:4 molar equivalent of methanol were fed into the first column at a constant flow rate of 0.33 mL/min. The eluate and 1:4 molar equivalent of methanol were mixed and then fed into the second column at the same flow rate. The same is in the third column and the fourth one, and the continuous transesterification conversion of tung oil under this reaction conditions reached 88%-92%. It was found out that conditions of this continuous transesterification reaction were more efficient than that of the batch one, and could be used in the biodiesel industrial production catalyzed by lipase.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Drying oils
Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Catalysis - Chemical reactors - Fluid catalytic cracking - Fluidization - Fluidized beds - Lipases - Methanol - Transesterification
Uncontrolled terms:Constant flow rates - Continuous reactions - Fluidized bed reactors - Immobilized lipase - Industrial production - Molar equivalent - Molar ratio - Production efficiency - Reaction conditions - Reaction temperature  - Reaction time - Transesterification reaction - Tung oil - Volume flow
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 523 Liquid Fuels - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20103613222507
Title:Mapping paddy fields in large areas, based on time series multi-sensors data
Authors:Wu, Mingquan (1); Wang, Changyao (1); Niu, Zheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Corresponding author:Wu, M.
      (liexuewuwei@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:240-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to avoid the regionalization problem of crops discrimination in large areas, this paper proposed a novel rice extraction method by combination of time series of MODIS daily surface reflectance product (MOD09GA) and HJ-1CCD data. Using HJ-1 CCD data, parameters were extracted in rice transplanting period and growing period for the sampled area. Then rice area were mapped by distinguishing water information in transplanting period and NDVI change information in growing period using time series MODIS data. Validation of the method was conducted in Jiangsu Province and high mapping precision of 93.3% was acquired with Kappa Coefficient of 0.88.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Solvent extraction
Controlled terms:Crops - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Surface measurement - Surface waters - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Extraction method - Growing period - Jiangsu province - Kappa coefficient - Land surface water index - MODIS - Multi sensor - Paddy fields - Planted areas - Surface reflectance
Classification code:944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 731.1 Control Systems - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20103613222483
Title:Development of 3YDX-3 topping and restrain-germinating machine of tobacco
Authors:Geng, Aijun (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Miao, Naishu (2); Ma, Min (1); Song, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Jinan 250100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, X.
      (zhangxh@sdau.edu.net)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:96-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve technology of tobacco topping and restrain-germinating, the 3YDX-3 tobacco multifunctional machine was empoldered. It was mainly composed of a blower, a tobacco height identification system, a topping system, a spraying system and a culter disinfecting systerm. The works of topping, spraying and culter disinfecting could be finished at the same time. The multifunctional machine could be used for tobacco of different height and different row spacing because of its adjustable rack and movable bracket. The technology of mechatronics was adopted on tobacco height identification system and spraying system, which made accurate measuring and topping, targeted spraying come true. The experiment showed that the multifunctional machine worked safely and reliably, and had accurate topping and spyaying with the productivity of 0.48 hm²/h. It can meet the application requirements.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Tobacco
Uncontrolled terms:Application requirements - Different heights - Identification systems - Multifunctional machines - Restrain-germinating - Row spacing - Spraying system - Topping
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20103713223035
Title:Soil erosion impacts on soil biological fertility in a purple hilly region
Authors:Nie, Xiaojun (1); Zhang, Jianhui (2); Su, Zheng'an (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.
      (zjh@imde.ac.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:32-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to better understand erosion-induced changes in soil quality, soil erosion impacts on soil microbial fertility of a purple soil with steep sloping farmland were explored in the Sichuan Basin of China by using ¹³⁷Cs technique. Results showed that the contents of soil microbial carbon (MBC) and activities of soil alkaline phosphate and invertase significantly decreased by 41%, 44% and 17%, respectively, in these farmlands compared to a control slope, resulting in an obvious deterioration in soil microbial fertility with a 35% decrease in MFDI (soil microbial fertility degradation index). A significantly positive correlation was found between soil invertase activity and ¹³⁷Cs inventory (r=0.643, p=0.024), suggesting soil invertase activity decreases with increasing soil erosion. Soil erosion by tillage resulted in the lowest soil MBC contents and enzyme activities in upslope positions, whereas soil accumulation by tillage created the highest soil MBC contents and enzyme activities in bottom positions. As a result of soil redistribution, the variations in soil MBC, alkaline phosphate, urease and invertase increased by 2.8, 0.8, 1.4 and 4.5 times, respectively, in these farmlands than those in the control slope. Land management strategies should involve combating the deterioration and increased spatial variation in soil microbial fertility in purple soil with steep sloping farmland.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cesium - Deterioration - Enzymes - Erosion - Farms
Uncontrolled terms:¹³⁷Cs technique - Alkaline phosphate - Degradation index - Invertase activity - Land managements - Microbial activities - Microbial carbons - Positive correlations - Sichuan Basin - Soil erosion  - Soil quality - Soil redistribution - Spatial variations - Tillage erosion
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20103713223034
Title:Economic security evaluation of land resource in China from 1999 to 2008
Authors:Feng, Lei (1); Guo, Huining (1); Wang, Jing (2); Huang, Xiaoyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Land and Real Estate Management, School of Public Administration, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Land Use, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China; (3) China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Feng, L.
      (fenglei@mparuc.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This research establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of economic security of land resources by using Delphi and AHP methods. An empirical analysis of China is conducted. The conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the economic security of land resources in China keeps on improving from 1999 to 2008, and it is on the level of &Prime;basic security&Prime; since 2007. Secondly, from the perspective of each criterion layer, quality security and efficiency security improve year by year, and reach the level of &Prime;security&Prime;. The main restricting factors of China's economic growth are quantity security, structure security and price security, keeping &Prime;unsafe&Prime; or even &Prime;highly insecure&Prime; state for a long period of time. Finally, from the perspective of each index, several index evaluation values significantly increase, such as some quality security indexes (unit acreage production, environmental investment proportion of GDP) and some efficiency security indexes (unit acreage investment in fixed assets, unit acreage GDP, multiple crop index). The unfavorable factors are: arable land area per capita decreases year by year, approaching &Prime;absolutely unsafe&Prime; in 2008; land reclamation area and unused land area per capita also keep on decreasing; forest cover stays at low level; residential land prices and commercial land prices fluctuate sharply in recent years.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Economic analysis - Hierarchical systems - Land use - Natural resources
Uncontrolled terms:AHP method - Arable land - Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive evaluation index system - Economic growths - Economic security - Empirical analysis - Environmental investments - Fixed assets - Forest cover  - Land areas - Land prices - Land resources - Low level - Per capita - Restricting factors - Structure security
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 921 Mathematics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 512 Petroleum and Related Deposits - 501 Exploration and Prospecting - 444 Water Resources - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20103613222512
Title:Pretreatment for biogas production by anaerobic fermentation of rice straw
Authors:Ai, Ping (1); Zhang, Yanlin (1); Sheng, Kai (1); Zhai, Hong (1); Yan, Shuiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:266-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The anaerobic digestion was an efficient utilization ways of straw, and the pretreatment processing method have obvious influence to the degradation. The straw pretreatment process was studied in this paper expecting to explore rational pretreatment method. Rice straw was chosen as raw material in this research. At first, the effects of Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> with different concentrations processing was studied, the dissolved quantity of COD was increased to 75.9% at 9 g/L Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> concentration 5 days later, proved that Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> pretreatment contributed to straw hydrolysis. But Ca(OH)<inf>2</inf> pretreatment also was easy to cause anaerobic acidification, so the biogas yield was 17.4% less than the control while had not adjusted the pH values. Then the experiments were carried out on effects of the straw smashing size, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, the pile of bubbles time and were designed on the basis of quadratic orthogonal regressive rotational combination principle with three factors and five levels. A quadratic equation for biogas yield was built. The optimal processing parameters which obtained according to the analysis of the data are as follows: the smashing size of rice straw is 4-6 mm, C/N is 40, the pile of bubbles time is 8 d, which approved that it required no over smashing of rice straw and the C/N range for anaerobic digestion was increased by pretreatment processing. These offers experiment evidences for the possibility of high C/N material used for anaerobic digestion.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Biogas - Calcium - Nanocrystalline materials - Nitrogen - Piles - Processing
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Optimal processing parameters - pH value - Pre-Treatment - Pretreatment methods - Pretreatment process - Pretreatment processing - Quadratic equations - Ratio of carbon to nitrogen  - Rice straws
Classification code:913.4 Manufacturing - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 761 Nanotechnology - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20103613222478
Title:Economic analysis and structure patterns of pumping engineering for reuse of drainage water in the irrigation district
Authors:Wang, Shaoli (1); Wang, Xiugui (2); Qu, Xingye (1); Wu, Caili (1); Yang, Jianguo (3); Zhou, Hua (4)
Author affiliation:(1) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (3) Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China; (4) Ningxia Agricultural Comprehensive Development Office, Yinchuan 750001, China
Corresponding author:Wang, S.
      (shaoliw@whr.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:66-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The pumping stations built on ditches for reuse of drainage water are main engineering measures of increasing the sources and supplementing irrigation. In order to study the feasible pattern of pumping station engineering for reuse of drainage water, the paper discussed the suitable sizes, basic structure pattern and layout of pumping stations by investigation and economic analysis. The results show that the pumping station sizes with 1500 yuan investment per hectare are easy to be applied and popularized when the drainage water is used for supplementary irrigation; the pumping station sizes with 6000 yuan investment per hectare could be adopted when the irrigation completely depends on the drainage water. Based on the drainage discharge and ditch sizes, the layout of pumping stations cross the ditch and side-ditch might be adopted. While using the drainage water for irrigation, the pumping station engineering cross the ditch is preferable to be applied for guaranteeing the timely and adequate irrigation, and ensuring the crop growth. The study provided a basis for establishing the reasonable water resources utilization planning, and developing the reuse of drainage water in the irrigation district in the future.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Drainage
Controlled terms:Economic analysis - Irrigation - Pumping plants - Pumps - Wastewater disposal - Wastewater reclamation - Water conservation - Water management - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Basic structure - Crop growth - Drainage discharge - Drainage water - Irrigation districts - Pumping stations - Reuse - Structure pattern
Classification code:911.2 Industrial Economics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 618.2 Pumps - 502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 442 Flood Control; Land Reclamation - 406 Highway Engineering - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 401 Bridges and Tunnels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20103613222473
Title:Analysis of spatial and temporal variations of groundwater level and its salinity in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors:Du, Jun (1); Yang, Peiling (1); Li, Yunkai (1); Ren, Shumei (1); Zhang, Jianguo (3); Hou, Zhiqiang (1); Li, Xianyue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Bureau of Ningxia Farm, Yinchuan 750001, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Bayinnaoer Water Science Institute, Linhe 015001, China
Corresponding author:Yang, P.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:26-31
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia and statistical methods, ordinary Kriging method, ArcGIS9.0 and GS⁺ etc, the temporal and spatial variability of the groundwater level and groundwater salinity were analyzed at three different irrigation seasons in 2003. The average groundwater level was 2.5 m and the mineralization degree M &lt; 4000 mg/L in the major part of irrigation district, while the average groundwater level was 1.0 m and the mineralization degree M &gt; 5000 mg/L in the major part of irrigation district in November. The groundwater level was gradually falling from southwest to east and increasing from south to north. The groundwater mineralization distribution was higher in west and east area than that in middle area in Hetao Irrigation District. The linear relationship between groundwater level and its salinity is not very significant, but the distribution characters of groundwater level could reflected the distribution characters of the groundwater salinity in the certain regions, namely the shallower the groundwater level was, the higher the salinity degree of groundwater will be.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Groundwater
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Mineralogy - Salinity measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution character - Ground water level - Hetao Irrigation District - Inner Mongolia - Irrigation districts - Linear relationships - Mineralization - Ordinary kriging - South-to-North - Spatial and temporal variation  - Spatial and temporal variety - Temporal and spatial variability
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 482 Mineralogy - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20103613222494
Title:An object detection method for quasi-circular fruits based on improved Hough transform
Authors:Xie, Zhonghong (1); Ji, Changying (2); Guo, Xiaoqing (2); Ren, Shougang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210031, China; (2) College of Information Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
Corresponding author:Ji, C.
      (chyji@njau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:157-162
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to calculate accurate centric coordinates and radius of quasi-circular fruit rapidly, a kind of detection method for quasi-circular fruits based on improved randomized circular Hough transform was proposed. After the object was segmented from background with 2R-G, the template matching thinning algorithm was used to extract one-pixel fruit contour, from which the edge character points were abstracted. Then the edge character points were grouped according to their average tangent directions, with which the circular RHT algorithm was improved. Last, the centric coordinates and radius of quasi-circular fruits were calculated with the optimized circular RHT algorithm. The proposed method can detect the quasi-circular fruits rapidly and accurately, and can also recover the shape of part-covered fruit satisfactorily.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Object recognition
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Fruits - Hough transforms - Mathematical transformations - Template matching
Uncontrolled terms:Detection methods - Direction coding - Edge character point - Object detection method - Quasi-circular - Thinning algorithm
Classification code:716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20103713223036
Title:Intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration and stomatal or non-stomatal limitation of rice under water saving irrigation
Authors:Xu, Junzeng (1); Peng, Shizhang (1); Wei, Zheng (1); Jiao, Xiyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Corresponding author:Peng, S.
      (szpeng@hhu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:76-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate stomatal and non-stomatal limitation on rice leaf photosynthesis rate under water saving irrigation, diurnal variations of intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration for rice leaves under water saving irrigation was analyzed. Then stomatal and non-stomatal limitation on rice leaf photosynthesis rate caused by water deficit under controlled irrigation was discussed based on the intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration variation. Intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration varied in v-style and got the daily minimum value at 12:00-14:00, but non-stomatal limitation index C<inf>i</inf>/C varied the other way round with stomatal limitation index L<inf>s</inf>. Moderate water stress under water saving irrigation did not result in change in relationships between intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration and photosynthesis rate. Stomatal limitation index L<inf>s</inf> was found higher than flooding rice when soil moisture was lower in controlled irrigation paddy. But non-stomatal limitation index C<inf>i</inf>/C and photosynthesis rate P<inf>n</inf> made no difference when compared with flooding paddy rice. It indicates that stomatal limitation index L<inf>s</inf> overestimated the stomatal limitation on photosynthesis. So, variation pattern of intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration and it correlations with environmental factors under controlled irrigation are same to those under flooding irrigation. Stomatal limitation is increased under controlled irrigation, but photosynthesis rate not.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Concentration (process) - Moisture determination - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Concentration variation - Diurnal variation - Environmental factors - Intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration - Minimum value - Paddy rice - Photosynthesis rate - Rice leaf - Rice leaves - Stomatal limitations  - Under water - Variation pattern - Water deficits - Water saving - Water stress
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20103613222500
Title:Application of method and process of object-oriented land use-cover classification using remote sensing images
Authors:Guo, Lin (1); Pei, Zhiyuan (1); Wu, Quan (1); Liu, Yuechen (1); Zhao, Zhanying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Pei, Z.
      (peizhiyuan@tom.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:194-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Taking Shihezi county as study area, the best temporal combination of land use-cover remote sensing classification was presented in the paper by NDVI time series analysis in order to further improve classification accuracy in arid and semi-arid areas. And the optimum segmental bands were selected with OIF index method. Four segmental levels were selected based on different segmentation parameters and different scales classification objects were constructed. According to the characteristic of different kinds of objects, the process of object-oriented land use-cover classification was worked out by means of fuzzy classification knowledge-based and unsupervised classification example-based respectively. Classification effects were evaluated through ground test data of the study area. Comparing with the method of pixel classification, the results show that the new method has higher accuracy, and can be a reference for later researches and applications.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Object oriented programming
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Image reconstruction - Knowledge based systems - Land use - Remote sensing - Time series - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Classification - Classification accuracy - Different scale - Fuzzy classification - Ground tests - NDVI time series - Object oriented - Pixel classification - Remote sensing classification - Remote sensing images  - Semiarid area - Study areas - Unsupervised classification
Classification code:741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 723.1 Computer Programming - 443 Meteorology - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20103613222479
Title:Aftereffects of water stress on corn growth at different stages
Authors:Hao, Shurong (1); Guo, Xiangping (2); Wang, Wenjuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab. of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Hohai University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210098, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
Corresponding author:Hao, S.
      (srhao@hhu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:71-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to determine best irrigation mode, it is necessary to research on water stress aftereffects to corn yield and senescence in the early corn growth stage. By pot and plot experiments, the results show that moderate rewatering after water stress in initial corn growing season can preserve large photosynthetic area, keep photosynthetic system activity, delay chlorophyll degradation and enable functional leaves to maintain high photosynthetic efficiency, which is eventually beneficial to dry matter accumulation during final growing season of corn. It proves that the post-drought rewatering in the initial corn growing stage has obvious aftereffects. Particularly, the aftereffects are significant after water stress at late stage of seedlings and short-duration light drought at early jointing stage.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Drought - Photosynthesis - Porphyrins - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Aftereffects - Chlorophyll degradation - Corn - Corn growth - Corn yields - Dry matter accumulation - Growing season - Late stage - Photosynthetic efficiency - Photosynthetic systems  - Rewatering - Water stress
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 741.1 Light/Optics - 461.9 Biology - 444 Water Resources - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20103613222499
Title:Analysis of consistency between HJ-CCD images and TM images in monitoring rice LAI
Authors:Zhang, Jingcheng (1); Gu, Xiaohe (1); Wang, Jihua (1); Huang, Wenjiang (1); He, Xin (1); Wang, Huifang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
Corresponding author:Gu, X.
      (guxh@nercita.org.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:186-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:This study aims to assess the capability of the Environment and Disaster Reduction Small Satellites (HJ-CCD) images in monitoring of rice leaf area index (LAI) in terms of comparing it with the widely used Landsat-5 TM images, which has the similar spatial resolution and band wavelength ranges. On July 13th, 2009, a field investigation was conducted which exactly corresponded with the acquiring timing of a scene of TM image and a scene of HJ-CCD. The consistency of performance was evaluated in terms of the correlation of raw band reflectance, the accuracy of reversion model as well as the spatial distribution pattern of predicted LAI. From the results, a high level of correlation can be observed for raw band reflectance. The predicted accuracies of reversion models in both forms of single variable model and multi-variable model were rather approaching for HJ-CCD and TM images, which thus yielded a highly uniform spatial distribution and data distributed pattern of predicted rice LAI. Therefore, the conclusion may be safely drawn that the HJ-CCD image is feasible and suitable for rice LAI monitoring. Meanwhile, it should be noted that a certain degree of discrepancy was also existed in the model form as well as the data range of predicted rice LAI. For that reason, it is suggested that the reversion model of rice LAI should be built and applied specifically in the light of a certain type of image. In general, this study provides some important evidences that the indigenous remotely sensed data which owned the advantages as the higher revisit frequency and wider scene swath are able to satisfy several monitoring and assessing tasks in the field of agriculture.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Image analysis - Image recognition - Reflection - Size distribution
Uncontrolled terms:CCD images - Data distributed - Data ranges - Disaster reduction - Field investigation - HJ-CCD - LAI - Landsat-5 - Multi variables - Remotely sensed data  - Rice - Rice leaf - Single variable - Small satellites - Spatial distribution - Spatial distribution patterns - Spatial resolution - TM image - Wavelength ranges
Classification code:423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20103613222530
Title:Preparation of microcapsules of flaxseed oil by blends of maize starch-octenyl succinic anhydride starch
Authors:Yang, Baoling (1); Chen, Ye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, B.
      (icb@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:364-368
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Mixtures of native waxy maize starch (NWMS) and octenyl succinic anhydride starch (OSAS) were used as wall material to encapsulate flaxseed oil in order to reduce the production costs. The solution of OSAS and NWMS was treated with high-speed shearing, then spray-dried to make microcapsules. OSAS and NWMS were mixed at ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2 and 2:3. Results in this study suggested that: OSAS to NWMS ratio had no effect on particle size; Encapsulation efficiency increased with the increase of OSAS proportion; Encapsulation efficiency of 61.45% was achieved when the ratio of OSAS to NWMS was 3:2. With the increase of NWMS proportion, the particle moisture increased and the particle surface became smoother. The study suggests that the blends of OSAS and NWMS have good potential as wall material for the encapsulation of flaxseed oil to reduce the production costs.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Oils and fats
Controlled terms:Cost reduction - Encapsulation - Flax - Packaging - Starch
Uncontrolled terms:Encapsulation efficiency - Flaxseed oil - High-speed - Maize starch - Microcapsules - Microencapsulation - Octenyl succinic anhydride - Particle surface - Production cost - Wall materials  - Waxy maize starch
Classification code:694.1 Packaging - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.064
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20103613222511
Title:Effect of total solid concentration and temperature on biogas yields of mixture of chicken manure and corn straw
Authors:Song, Zilin (1); Li, Yibing (2); Yang, Gaihe (2); Qin, Jiajia (2); Ren, Guangxin (2); Feng, Yongzhong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shannxi Province, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Y.
      (liyibing@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:260-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To determine optimal fermentation temperature and total solid concentration, as well as to explore the relationship among temperature, total solid concentration and biogas production, a simulation experiment using self-designed constant-temperature anaerobic fermentation equipment was conducted in indoor conditions. In this study, the mixture of chicken manure and corn straw at 2:1(dry matter quantity) was used as the digestion material and the substrate of constant temperature fermentation pool was used as the inoculation substances, aiming at studying the effects of different total solid concentration of digestion material at different temperatures on gas production. The temperature ranged from 20 to 40&deg;C with a gradient of 5&deg;C and total solid concentration increased from 4% to 20% with a gradient of 4%. Results indicated that biogas production rate of different total solid concentration increased with temperature. With the increase of total solid concentration, the range of optional temperature of digestion material widened. The sequence of mean cumulative biogas production at different temperatures was 8% &gt; 20% &gt; 16% &gt; 12% &gt; 4%. The theoretical value of optimal total solid concentration and temperature of chicken manure mixed corn straw (2:1) were 14.6% and 32.8&deg;C. It can be concluded that biogas yields did not increase with the total solid concentration and different temperature has its optimal total solid concentration or the range of total solid concentration.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Biogas - Concentration (process) - Fermentation - Manures - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production - Chicken manure - Concentration - Constant temperature - Corn straws - Dry matters - Fermentation temperature - Gas productions - Indoor conditions  - Simulation experiments - Theoretical values - Total solid concentrations
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 522 Gas Fuels - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20103613222521
Title:Evaluation on rural residential land intensive use in Hebei Province
Authors:Zhang, Qingjun (1); Cao, Xiuling (2); Lu, Junna (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Shijiazhuang University of Economics, School of Public Administration, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; (2) Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Engineering School, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; (3) Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Library, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Q.
      (zqj918@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:312-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The town construction land and rural residential land in Hebei Province have a trend of rising in recent year, and land is the main constraint for the economic and social development. So it is the only way to solve the problem for rural residential land intensive use. In this paper, the connotation and types of rural residential land intensive use were analyzed, and the land intensive use indicator system was constructed from three aspects of economy, society and nature, and then the appraisal model was constructed. The empirical research of rural residential land intensive use level was carried out based on rural residential of county. The level of rural residential land intensive use was divided into four grades according to comprehensive score, the corresponding grades were intensive use, moderate use, low efficient use and extensive use, respectively. Based on above-mentioned research, the effective approach was proposed. The study result accorded with the fact of rural residential land, and policy suggestion was feasible. It is of profound theoretical and practical significance for promoting urbanization course and protecting cultivated land resources.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Economics - Land use - Planning - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Appraisal models - Cultivated lands - Effective approach - Empirical research - Hebei Province - Indicator system - Land intensive use - Policy suggestions - Rural residential - Social development  - Town construction
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.055
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20103613222485
Title:Research on holding characteristics of cucumber and end-effector of cucumber picking
Authors:Qian, Shaoming (1); Yang, Qinghua (1); Wang, Zhiheng (1); Bao, Guanjun (1); Zhang, Libin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacture and Automation, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, L.
      (robot@zjut.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:107-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to design an end-effector for picking the cucumber, at first, the compressibility characteristic of the cucumber, the cutting characteristic of cucumber peduncle and the friction coefficient of cucumber coat were measured. The holding model of cucumber was analyzed with the static mechanical analysis method, the relationship between the pressure value of compressed air in the pneumatic actuator and picking capacity was established. At last, a new type of end-effector, which consisted of a picker and a cutter, was developed. The picker consisted of two flexible pneumatic bending joints, and the cutter consisted of a rotary cylinder and a knife. The mechanical structure of the end-effector was simple, and the output force of the end-effector of cucumber picking was big. The experimental results showed the success ratio of picking cucumber reached 90 percent, the success ratio of cutting cucumber peduncle reached 100 percent, and the time of picking one cucumber was three seconds. The effect of the end-effector of cucumber picking is well, and the end-effector of cucumber picking has a bright application prospect.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cold storage - Compressed air - Friction - Pneumatics - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Application prospect - Cucumber - Cutting characteristics - Friction coefficients - Grasping characteristics - Mechanical analysis - Mechanical structures - Output force - Pneumatic actuator - Pressure values  - Success ratio
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 694.4 Storage - 632.3 Pneumatics - 604.1 Metal Cutting
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20103613222487
Title:Simulation of heat transfer by liquid-solid coupled method of engine block and cooling water jacket
Authors:Wang, Weidong (1); Sun, Ping (1); Zhang, Rui (1); Liu, Tianjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, W.
      (skywalkeer@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:118-122
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Nowadays, the problem of thermal load of engine had become a main obstructor as it developed, which made it become an urgent issue. The heat transfer simulation in this paper could be achieved by adopting liquid-solid coupled algorithm which was applied to engine block and cooling water jacket, consequently, the boundary conditions which were difficult to confirm when simulating separately were transformed into internal boundary conditions, then the heat transfer simulating was carried out by the Fluent software. The convergent results were consistent with the data measured by thermocouples in cylinder block and cooling water jacket. Based on the temperature distribution of the calculation, some improvements on the structure of engine block and water jacket were made to enhance the cooling performance. The numerical simulation of heat transfer was done separately again, we found that the highest temperature of the two improved engine block model A and B was reduced to 152&deg;C and 122&deg;C when compared with the primary model, then confirmed the rationality of new designed structure. Finally, it effectively improves the thermal load of the engine.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Engines
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Computer simulation - Computer software - Cooling - Cooling water - Engine mountings - Liquids - Thermal load - Thermoanalysis - Thermocouples  - Thermoelectric equipment - Water cooling systems
Uncontrolled terms:Cooling performance - Coupled algorithms - Coupled method - Cylinder block - Engine blocks - FLUENT software - Heat transfer simulation - Highest temperature - Internal boundary conditions - Liquid solids  - Liquid-solid coupled - Numerical simulation - Simulation of heat transfer
Classification code:944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 921 Mathematics - 801 Chemistry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 661.2 Automotive Engine Components - 643.1 Space Heating - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 616 Heat Exchangers - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 612 Engines
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20103613222526
Title:Pressure drop characteristics in forced-air pre-cooling of tomatoes
Authors:L&#252;, Enli (1); Lu, Huazhong (1); Yang, Zhou (1); Liu, Cancheng (1); Guo, Jiaming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Lu, H.
      (huazlu@scau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:341-345
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A forced-air pre-cooling experimental device was established to study the ratio of open area for the tomato package. The pressure drop characteristics of tomatoes were studied. The effects of airflow velocity, ratio of open area and length of the package on the characteristics of pressure drop and energy consumption were analyzed. Some relationships were found out. The pressure drop characteristics could be described by the Ramsin equation. The pressure drop between front and rear of the package increased with the addition of airflow velocity. At the same airflow velocity, the pressure drop decreased with the addition of ratio of open area in two sides of the package. The length of pre-cooling package was linear with the critical ratio of open area, so was the relationship between airflow velocity and energy consumption. The ratio of open area based on different lengths of tomatoes pre-cooling package was optimized. The research has reference value for the optimization design of the tomato pre-cooling package.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Packaging
Controlled terms:Cooling - Energy utilization - Fruits - Optimization - Pressure drop - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Air pre-cooling - Area-based - Critical ratio - Energy consumption - Forced-air pre-cooling - Optimization design - Pre-cooling - Pressure drop characteristic - Ratio of open area  - Reference values - Tomatoes
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 694.1 Packaging - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.060
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20103613222495
Title:Integrated control of vehicle chassis system based on controller area network
Authors:Liu, Xiangui (1); He, Cuiqun (1); Chu, Changbao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechatronics Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
Corresponding author:Liu, X.
      (chinaxliu@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:163-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve overall performance of vehicle, Based on model establishment of steering system and braking system, conflict of the two systems in the process of power assisted steering and braking was analyzed, controller area network was carried out to integrated control system, then integrated control logic of the systems was put forward. The result of simulation proved that the integrated control logic we put forward was correct and feasible. It can not only apparently improve the performance of braking stability, but making steering portable as well.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Automobile parts and equipment - Automobile steering equipment - Braking - Control system synthesis - Integrated control - Process control - Steering
Uncontrolled terms:Braking system - Controller area network - Power-assisted steering - Steering systems - Vehicle chassis
Classification code:602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20103613222489
Title:Measurement of steady and unsteady flow in centrifugal pumps spiral casing using PIV
Authors:Shao, Chunlei (1); B., Gu; Y., Chen
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
Corresponding author:Shao, C.
      (jy0321@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:128-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To study the flow characteristics in the spiral casing of centrifugal pump, steady and unsteady flow fields were measured by PIV under the modes of internal synchronization and external synchronization, respectively. Flow phenomenon and regular pattern in the spiral casing were analyzed in detail. The results show that the velocity in the spiral casing distributes homogeneously in axial direction, and decreases with the increase of angle of circumference. The velocity dividing line between the impeller and the spiral casing is clear. Partial fluid flows back to the impeller passage and the velocity in the inlet of diffusion tube decreases significantly due to shunt effect of the volute tongue. It is obvious that the unsteady flow in the spiral casing is periodic. On the VIII section, the magnitude and fluctuation range of velocity show a decreasing trend in radial direction. The fluctuation of circumferential velocity is related to the position of high-speed flow in impeller passage, and the fluctuation of radial velocity is influenced by blade interference and Coriolis force. The results provide valuable information for the design of spiral casing and the experimental study on flow in the centrifugal pump.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Inlet flow
Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Centrifugal pumps - Distributed computer systems - Flow visualization - Hydraulic machinery - Pumping plants - Pumps - Steady flow - Unsteady flow - Velocimeters  - Velocity - Velocity measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Axial direction - Circumferential velocity - Experimental studies - External synchronization - Flow characteristic - Flow Phenomena - Fluid flow - High speed flows - Impeller passage - Internal synchronization  - On flow - Particle image velocimetries - Radial direction - Radial velocity - Regular patterns - Spiral casing
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 618.2 Pumps - 446 Waterworks - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20103613222532
Title:Investigation on electric agglutination and dispersion characteristics of dispersed droplets for electrical demulsification of corn oil emulsion
Authors:Zhang, Jun (1); Zheng, Jieqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Cleaning Combustion and Energy Utilization Research Center of Fujian Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.
      (bull0202@sina.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:374-379
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The electric demulsification has been widely applied in many engineering fields. In order to explore the electrodynamics mechanism of electro-demulsification for cooking oil emulsion, authors measured the dispersed droplet diameter for W/O corn oil emulsion by using Winner99 particle image analyzer. The electric agglutination and dispersion characteristics were analyzed for dispersed droplets under different voltages. A simplified theoretical model was established according to theoretical analysis and experimental data. The results from theoretical model and experimental data showed that the threshold voltage for electric dispersion was about 5700 V. The operation voltage should be in range of 1000-5000 V for a better water-oil separation efficiency.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Electric network analysis
Controlled terms:Antigen-antibody reactions - Demulsification - Drop formation - Electric fields - Emulsification - Emulsions - Vegetable oils
Uncontrolled terms:Cooking oil - Corn oil - Dispersed droplets - Dispersion characteristics - Droplet diameters - Electric agglutination - Electric dispersion - Engineering fields - Experimental data - Oil separation  - Operation voltage - Particle images - Theoretical models
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 461.9.1 Immunology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.066
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20103613222515
Title:Economic benefit analysis on large and middle-scale biogas plants with different heating methods
Authors:Pu, Xiaodong (1); Deng, Liangwei (1); Yin, Yong (2); Song, Li (1); Wang, Zhiyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Biogas Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610041, China; (2) Rural Energy Office of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
Corresponding author:Deng, L.
      (dlwbrtc@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:281-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To solve heating and warming problem on large and middle-scale biogas plants, taking a pig farm wastewater disposal biogas plant as an example, the economic benefits of three heating methods (biogas boiler, solar energy and biogas power generation waste heat utilization) were analyzed in this article. The results showed that ratio of investment was 2:11.2:1 to biogas boiler, solar energy and biogas power generation waste heat utilization, the annual cost of biogas power generation waste heating utilization method was only solar energy and gas boiler heating method's 60% and 12%. Whether economic benefit, technical performance, or adaptability, persistence, biogas power generation waste heat utilization method were better than solar heating and gas boiler heating. Based on the natural and economical situation, the scheme of biogas power generation waste heat utilization is suitable for most large and middle-scale biogas plants in China.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Biogas - Boilers - Economic analysis - Energy conversion - Heating equipment - Investments - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar radiation - Waste heat  - Waste heat utilization - Wastewater - Wastewater disposal
Uncontrolled terms:Annual cost - Biogas plants - Economic benefit analysis - Economic benefits - Gas boilers - Heating method - Heating methods - Technical performance
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 643.1 Space Heating - 642.2 Industrial Furnaces and Components - 614.1 Steam Power Plant Design and Construction - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 614 Steam Power Plants - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 525 Energy Management and Conversion
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.049
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20103613222529
Title:Optimization of salt water-cold storage combined thawing technology of big-eye tuna chunk
Authors:Wang, Xichang (1); Liu, Yan (1); Liu, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.
      (xcwang@shou.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:358-363
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to ensure the quality of big-eye tuna chunk after thawing, salt-water thawing and refrigerated thawing methods were combined to defrost the big-eye tuna chunk from deep freezing. Physicochemical sensory and E-nose analysis were used to evaluate the thawing technology, and get the optimal thawing process. Texture and color were assessed to investigate the major factor which affects the tuna meat quality, including the salt content, salt-water temperature and immersion time. The thawing process was optimized by the means of L<inf>9</inf>(3⁴) orthogonal test. The optimized result was 40&deg;C salt-water temperature, 3.0% salt content and 90 s immersion time. Under the optimization condition, the equal temperature time was 12 h, and the tuna chunk had 26.27 a^* value, 570.05 chewiness and 7.20 sensory scores, with the microbial index was under the industry standard. E-nose analysis showed the salt content has a significant effect on the odor of tuna chunk. Comparison with common thawing methods of tuna chunk, this combined thawing technology shows obvious advantage.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Optimization - Refrigerators - Temperature - Thawing - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Immersion time - Industry standards - Major factors - Meat quality - Optimization conditions - Orthogonal test - Salt content - Salt water - Sensory scores - Tuna  - Tuna chunks - Water temperatures
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.063
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20103613222490
Title:Co-spouting capabilities of mixture of coal with straw in rotating draft tube spouted bed
Authors:Liu, Weimin (1); Xie, Xiaoli (1); Liu, Jun (1); Wang, Liqun (2); Zhao, Rujin (3); Zhao, Jiewen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (3) School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, W.
      (liuwmwu@ujs.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:134-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For finding a novel spouted bed scaled up for biomass gasificating with coal, a rotating draft tube spouted bed (RDTSB) was designed. Before gasificating, co-spouting capabilities of mixture of coal with biomass such as straw in the RDTSB needed to be investigated first. The curve of pressure drop of the bed with superficial air velocity is obtained, as well as the effects of parameters such as proportion of mixture, jet diameter, and draft tube jet distance (DTJD) on this curve and the curve of the circulating rate of the mixture with superficial air velocity. Three regression equations are gained by U<inf>12</inf>(12³) uniform design experiments and multiple variable linear regression using SPSS, in which the dependent is circulating rate of the mixture, pressure drop of unit material height and circulating rate of the mixture of unit effective power respectively and the independents are all of proportion of mixture, spout diameter and DTJD. Three equations can be used to forecast co-spouting capabilities of the mixture in RDTSB.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Mixtures
Controlled terms:Biomass - Coal - Coal industry - Electric load forecasting - Flow of solids - Hydraulic turbines - Pressure drop - Regression analysis - Rotation - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Air velocities - Circulating rates - Draft tube spouted bed - Draft tubes - Jet diameter - Regression equation - Spouted bed - Uniform Design
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 931.1 Mechanics - 617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 524 Solid Fuels - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20103613222502
Title:Analysis of backscattering characters of winter wheat in different phenophase and its applications
Authors:Cai, Aimin (1); Shao, Yun (1); Li, Kun (1); Gong, Huaze (1); Zhang, Fengli (1); Chen, Quan (2); Wang, Guojun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (2) Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Corresponding author:Cai, A.
      (amcai@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:205-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Radar can acquire remote sensing information in all-weather. This is the urgent demand to monitor crop growth in some key phenophase. With polarimetric radar of Radarsat-2 data, the backscattering coefficients of winter wheat in booting and milk stage was studied based on MIMICS model. The purpose is to analysis the backscattering characters of winter wheat in different phenophase and to get the method of parameters inversion. The results showed that there was a great difference between the backscattering of the two stages due to the change of wheat structure. Model can give the reference of growth inversion, and give the theory basis of crop parameters inversion. The ratio of HH/VV can extract growth information in booting stage, while with ratio of VV/VH in milk stage with higher accuracy. Also, the ratio of VV/VH can estimate the yield of winter wheat in milk stage.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Backscattering
Controlled terms:Crops - Radar - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Backscattering coefficients - Booting stages - Crop growth - Growth - Growth information - MIMICS model - Parameters inversion - Phenophase - Polarimetric radars - Radarsat-2  - Remote sensing information - Two stage - Winter wheat - Yield
Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20103613222510
Title:Technology and effect of vinegar residue windrow composting
Authors:Zhao, Qingsong (1); Li, Pingping (1); Wang, Jizhang (1); Zhu, Yongli (1); Sun, Demin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Li, P.
      (lipingping@ujs.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:255-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the effect of transformation of nitrogen on pH value in course of vinegar composting, two-stage water-filled windrow fermentation method compost experiment was carried out. The amounts of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and the temperature, organic matter and pH value were measured orderly. Results showed that the amounts of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen increase in the relative content, and pH value mounted up from 4.3 to 7.94 and eventually returns to about 6.3, and the content of organic matter descended from 91.8% to 83.2%, and the germination index reached 102.3%. Results indicate that vinegar residue compost has been full maturity.
Number of references:16
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Ammonia - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Composting - Nitrogen - Organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia nitrogen - Germination index - Nitrate nitrogen - Organic matter - pH value - Total nitrogen - Two stage - Vinegar residue - Windrow composting
Classification code:452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 39>

Accession number:20103613222504
Title:Analysis of identifying important ecological factors influencing winter wheat protein content based on artifical neural networks
Authors:Wang, Dacheng (1); Li, Cunjun (2); Song, Xiaoyu (2); Wang, Jihua (1); Huang, Wenjiang (2); Wang, Junying (3); Zhou, Jihong (3); Huang, Jingfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Beijing, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Wang, J.
      (wangjh@nercita.org.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Temperature, rainfall, illumination time and soil nutrients are major ecological factors to influence protein content forming of winter wheat. This study focused on the evaluation of the relative weighting of those factors on winter wheat grain quality (protein) based on the wheat planting, soil and weather data in Beijing, China. artificial neural network (ANN) analysis is employed in this study. The result indicated that the 10 factors have significant impact on the formation of wheat protein. The most important factor is illumination time from 6th June to 10th June, followered by the number of days which the temperature above 32&deg;C, available nitrogen content of soil, average temperature from 1st May to 10th June, average temperature from 26 May to 30 May, accumulated temperature from 20th May to 10th June, average temperature from 1st June to 5th June, range of temperature from 20th May to 10th June, rainfall from 20th May to 10th June, and organic matter in soil respectively. Then, the response curves for key factors are generated by the ANN models in order to reflect the wheat protein variant trend according to the different ecological factors. The results of this study can probably be used for provided the reference basis for the winter wheat quality regionalization of Beijing area.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Grain (agricultural product) - Neural networks - Proteins - Rain - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial Neural Network - Available nitrogen - Average temperature - Beijing , China - Beijing area - Ecological factors - Grain - Influence factors - Key factors - Organic matter  - Protein contents - Response curves - Significant impacts - Soil nutrients - Weather data - Wheat proteins - Winter wheat
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 40>

Accession number:20103613222513
Title:Effects of different ratios of pig manure and straw on solid acidogenic fermentation
Authors:Du, Lianzhu (1); Chen, Ling (2); Yang, Peng (1); Zhang, Keqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Tianjin 300191, China; (2) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100726, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, K.
      (kqzhang68@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:272-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In this study, the effect on solid acidogenic fermentation of different proportion with pig manure and straw under the condition of biogas slurry returning were investigated. For this purpose, five sets of anaerobic batch reactor experiments were performed using straw and the mixtures of pig manure and straw in five different ratios (80% pig manure, 20% straw; 66.7% pig manure, 33.3% straw; 50% pig manure, 50% straw; 25% pig manure, 75% straw; 100% straw). The results showed that increasing the proportion of pig manure done well for controlling pH value, but the higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen appeared simultaneously. Returning of biogas slurry could avoid cumulating of VFAs effectively. Acetic acid which was dominant in fermentation products of different raw material ratios experiments accounted for 80.8%, 81.8%, 77.1%, 78.3% and 73.8% respectively of total output VFAs. Propionic acid concentrations in five reactors were less than 1.6 g/L, and accounted for 4.8%, 2.8%, 7.2%, 6.5% and 8.4% of total VFAs produced respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that 2:1 ratio of pig manure to straw was better for acidogenic fermentation than other treatments.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Acids - Ammonia - Batch reactors - Biogas - Experiments - Fatty acids - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Nitrogen - pH effects
Uncontrolled terms:Acidogenic - Acidogenic fermentation - Ammonia nitrogen - Biogas slurry - Comprehensive analysis - Fermentation products - pH value - Pig manures - Propionic acids
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 801.2 Biochemistry - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 801.1 Chemistry, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 41>

Accession number:20103613222520
Title:Land consolidation technology of damaged farmland in Wenchuan seismic disastrous area
Authors:Xu, Zhanjun (1); Zhang, Shaoliang (1); Wang, Jing (4); Liu, Aixia (4); Hou, Huping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resource and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221008, China; (2) Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Ecological Remediation in Mining Area, Xuzhou 221008, China; (3) Department of Land Resources Management, School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China; (4) China Land Surveying and Planning, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Z.
      (zjxu163@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:307-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The purpose of the research is to find thoughts and methods of the damaged farmland rearrangement in earthquake-hit area. By the research methods such as literature analysis, system analysis and comparative study, research results that showed, firstly, the concept of the damaged farmland was defined; followed the characteristics of the damaged farmland and the reasons of being damaged were given according to the materials investigated from the damaged areas; thirdly, planning scheme of land which was for the damaged farmland in earthquake-hit area was put forward, key technical issues in this plan were discussed.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Earthquakes - Land use - Research
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative studies - Damaged area - Farmland - Land consolidations - Literature analysis - Planning scheme - Reconstruction - research methods - Research results - System analysis
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 484 Seismology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.054
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 42>

Accession number:20103613222474
Title:Effects of different application methods of polyacrylamide (PAM) on soil infiltration and erosion
Authors:Yu, Jian (1); Lei, Tingwu (2); Shainberg, I. (3); Zhang, Junsheng (1); Zhang, Jiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Water Resources Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Huhhot 010020, China; (2) College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50-250, Israel
Corresponding author:Yu, J.
      (jianyu192005@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:38-44
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Surface application of polyacrylamide (PAM) can increase infiltration and reduce soil erosion. In order to research the effects of different application methods of polyacrylamide (PAM), three forms of PAM (emulsive, solutions and dry granules) and application methods of dry granule PAM mixed were studied in this article. The results showed that surface applications of three forms of PAM increased infiltration and reduced soil erosion significantly. The final infiltration rate for emulsive, solution and dry granular PAMs increased by 1-2.5, 1.7-2.8, 0.25-1.8 times compared with their controls respectively. As for application methods of dry granule PAMs, spreading dry granular PAM on soil surface was more effective in increasing infiltration than mixing dry granular PAM with topsoil. The gypsum mixed with dry PAMs increased the efficiency of dry PAMs in increasing infiltration which increased with the amount of gypsum. The soil erosion for surface spreading dry granular PAM decreased by 80% compared with the control, which was closed to reductions of emulsive and solutions PAM treatments. However, dry granular PAM mixed with layer of topsoil decreased the efficiency of PAM in reducing soil erosion reduction. The gypsum mixed with dry granular PAM increased effectiveness of PAM in increasing infiltration, but decreased the significance of controlling soil erosion. It can be concluded by comparsion of three forms of PAMs effects on infiltration and erosion that the surface applications of dry granular PAMs can cbtain the similar results as emulsive or dissoluted PAMs in controlling infiltration and erosion and is cost effective, facilitate uses in rainfed areas.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Curing
Controlled terms:Erosion - Granulation - Gypsum - Polyacrylates - Seepage - Soil conservation - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Application method - Forms of PAM - Infiltration rate - IS costs - Polyacrylamides - Rainfed - Reduced soils - Soil and water conservation - Soil erosion - Soil infiltration  - Soil surfaces - Surface applications - Surface spreading
Classification code:815.1 Polymeric Materials - 813 Coatings and Finishes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 414 Masonry Materials - 412 Concrete - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 43>

Accession number:20103613222480
Title:Clarification efficiency of vegetative filter strips to several pollutants in surface runoff
Authors:Li, Huaien (1); Deng, Na (1); Yang, Yinqun (1); Shi, Dongqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 4100126, China; (3) School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 710069, China
Corresponding author:Li, H.
      (huaienl@yahoo.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:81-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Vegetative filter strip (VFS) is a main kind of Best Management Practices for the control of non-point pollution. For investigating the practical use of VFS in Chinese northwest, three VFSs with different vegetation planting patterns have been constructed in the bank slop of Xiaohuashan Reservoir, Huaxian County, Shanxi Province. Clarification effects of VFSs to pollutants in surface runoff and influencing factors have been analyzed based on the measured data of plot experiments. Results show that the concentration reduction rate of particulate N, particulate P, total N, total P and COD in surface runoff by VFS reached 82.0%, 77.13%, 46.05%, 73.28% and 60.48%, respectively, under the test conditions; and load reduction rate for these pollutants achieved 89.98%, 87.25%, 69.93%, 85.11% and 77.97%, respectively; In addition, the load of dissolved N and dissolved P could be decreased effectively. The experiment also shows that the most pollutants were entrapped in the first 10 m of the grassed strip and the Hippophae rhamnoides sub.sinensis/grass strips. The main factors influencing clarification efficiency of VFS include vegetation conditions, inflow rate and inflow pollutant concentration.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Pollution control
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Clarifiers - Experiments - Pollution induced corrosion - Runoff - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Best management practices - Concentration reduction - Hippophae rhamnoides - Inflow rate - Influencing factor - Load reduction - Measured data - Non-point pollutants - Nonpoint pollutions - Plot experiment  - Pollutant concentration - Practical use - Surface runoffs - Test condition - Vegetation condition - Vegetative filter strips
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 44>

Accession number:20103613222518
Title:Health risk assessment of heavy metal of different treatments for roots and straws of crops in wastewater irrigation area
Authors:Song, Chengjun (1); Zhang, Yuhua (1); Liu, Dongsheng (1); Zhang, Yanli (1); Li, Xiang (1); Xu, Zhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Y.
      (zhangyuhua@vip.sina.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:295-301
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to evaluate the health risk of different treatments for roots and straws of crops in Tianjin wasterwater irrigation areas, authors estimated contents and distribution patterns of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Zn in crops respectively. The contents of heavy metals in roots were more than those in stems. Health risks caused by returning field, burning and returning field plus burning of crops roots and straws were evaluated by using the environmental health risk assessment model. The contents of heavy metals in roots were higher than those of straw. For returning filed, the combined carcinogenic hazard index for child and adult were 6.08 &times; 10^-9 and 1.95 &times; 10^-8, respectively, and the combined noncarcinogenic hazard index were 1.01 &times; 10^-5 and 6.45 &times; 10^-6, respectively. It resulted negligible health risk for people. However, for burn treatment, the combined carcinogenic hazard index for child and adult were 2.89 &times; 10^-8 and 4.67 &times; 10^-8, respectively, and the combined noncarcinogenic hazard index were 1.76 &times; 10^-3 and 9.43 &times; 10^-4, respectively. The combined carcinogenic hazard index for child and adult were 2.05 &times; 10^-8 and 4.28 &times; 10^-8, respectively, and the combined noncarcinogenic hazard index were 8.88 &times; 10^-4 and 3.78 &times; 10^-4, respectively for returning filed plus burning. The noncarcinogenic hazard was unacceptable for burning or returning field plus burning. Considering large amount of heavy metals in crop straws, the top-priority treatment are suggested by returning field, then carefully considered by burning. These results made scientific suggestions for agricultural solid waste management.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Health risks
Controlled terms:Crops - Hazards - Health - Irrigation - Lead - Metals - Risk assessment - Solid wastes - Waste management - Wastewater  - Wastewater treatment - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Burn treatment - Burning - Distribution patterns - Environmental health risk assessment - Hazard indices - Irrigation area - Tianjin - Wastewater irrigation areas
Classification code:914 Safety Engineering - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.052
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 45>

Accession number:20103613222506
Title:Construction and empirical analysis of green productivity evaluation system of agricultural land
Authors:Sang, Lingling (1); Zhang, Xiaopei (1); Yang, Jianyu (1); Zhu, Dehai (1); Yun, Wenju (2); Zhang, Chao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land Resources, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, C.
      (zhangchaobj@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:235-239
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Green productivity evaluation is the further extension of agricultural land classification. This paper offered to capacity assessment, environmental health assessment as the main factors, wholesome elements and ecological potential risk factors as the secondary factors for supporting a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural land to build green production evaluation system for agricultural land based on the results of agricultural land classification and geochemical soil quality assessment. Finally, this paper achieved green productivity evaluation of agricultural land and defined the area of green production by taking a case study on four counties (cities) in the western of Jilin Province. The results show that the overall quality of agricultural land is good, 99.94% for the green farmland, where the green high-yield area is mainly distributed in eastern and northern regions of the Qianguo County; Wholesome elements are rich in the southern of Zhenlai County and northern part of Qianguo County, lack in the north of Da'an County and southwest of Qianguo County; There is potential risk for agricultural land in the east of Qianguo County, accounting for 1.5% of the total area.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Risk assessment
Controlled terms:Analytical geochemistry - Environmental impact - Environmental impact assessments - Health risks - Productivity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural land - Capacity assessment - Comprehensive evaluation - Empirical analysis - Environmental health - Green production - Green productivity - Jilin Province - Northern regions - Overall quality  - Potential risks - Productivity evaluation - Soil quality - Wholesome elements - Yield area
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.7 Health Care - 801 Chemistry - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.1 Probability Theory
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 46>

Accession number:20103613222527
Title:Effects of dense phase carbon dioxide on quality and physical-chemical properties of chilled pork
Authors:Yan, Wenjie (1); Cui, Jianyun (1); Dai, Ruitong (1); Wang, Hongfang (1); Li, Xingmin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Applied Arts and Sciences, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, X.
      (lixingmin@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:346-350
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of dense phase carbon dioxide (DPCD) non-thermal sterilization technology on quality and physical-chemical properties of chilled pork, the prepared chilled pork was subjected to DPCD treatment at 7 MPa, 14 MPa and 21 MPa respectively at 50&deg;C for 30 min, and pH value, colour and water retention capability were detected after storage at 0-4&deg;C. The results showed that DPCD treatment had significant effect on pH value, a^* value and TVB-N value of chilled pork during storage, but had no significant effect on L^* value, water retention capability, MIF value, TBA value and carbonyl value. The higher DPCD treatment pressure had better effect on the physical-chemical properties but worse effect on the quality of chilled pork, particularly after treatment at 21 MPa (50&deg;C, 30 min), the a value of chilled pork decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.01) and it's colour got gray. This research provides technical basis for applying dense phase carbon dioxide sterilization of chilled pork.
Number of references:18
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Chemical properties - Meats - Organic polymers - Pressure effects - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Chilled pork - Dense phase carbon dioxide - Physical-chemical property - Sterilization - Storage
Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 822.3 Food Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 931.1 Mechanics - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 801 Chemistry - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 801.1 Chemistry, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.061
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 47>

Accession number:20103613222531
Title:Grading method of fresh corn ear maturity based on pressure and image
Authors:Wang, Huihui (1); Sun, Yonghai (1); Zhang, Guilin (2); Zhang, Tingting (1); Li, Yi (3); Xu, Xiuying (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (3) Jilin Sky Scenery Food Corporation Limited, Changchun 130123, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Y.
      (sunyh@jlu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:369-373
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to realize objective evaluation of maturity grading of fresh corn ear, a method using pressure sensor and computer vision was presented. Maturity grading detection device was developed. The inertia moment of texture information and the maximum pressure obtained from pressure detection device were used as maturity grading characteristic parameters of fresh corn ear. Maturity was classified into 3 grades through system cluster method. Eleven color characteristics were optimized and screened by principal components analysis. The first and the second principal components were applied to represent the eleven color characteristics in the grading, so dimension reduction was implemented. Results showed that inertia moment, maximum pressure, the first and the second principal component values of color characteristics were used as inputs of the probabilistic neural network developed for maturity grading of fresh corn ear, with grading accuracy 96.67%. Fresh corn ear maturity grading can be implemented accurately by combination of pressure sensor and computer vision technology.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Color - Computer vision - Grading - Imaging systems - Neural networks - Pressure sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Cluster method - Color characteristics - Computer vision technology - Detection device - Dimension reduction - Fresh corn ear - Grading characteristics - Inertia moment - Maximum pressure - Objective evaluation  - Principal Components - Principal components analysis - Probabilistic neural networks - Texture information
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 746 Imaging Techniques - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.065
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 48>

Accession number:20103613222498
Title:Research on method for extracting vegetation information based on hyperspectral remote sensing data
Authors:Li, Dan (1); Chen, Shuisen (1); Chen, Xiuzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (3) Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China
Corresponding author:Chen, S.
      (css@gdas.ac.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:181-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:When extracting vegetation distribution information from the hyperspectral resolution images of the remote sensing satellites, the influences of mixed pixels and training sample sizes should be considered in order to improve the accuracy of vegetation information extraction. Taking the north part of Guangzhou City as a test area, the linear spectral mixed model (LSMM) and support vector machine (SVM) were applied to classify Hyperion image and evaluate litchi classification. The results were compared with the randomly selected grid points in QuickBird image with 1m spatial resolution. The accuracy of litchi classification reached 85.7%. The corresponding accuracy of Spectral Angle Mapping (SAM) was 74.3%. Results show that the integration of LSMM and SVM can improve the extraction accuracy of vegetation distribution comparing with other traditional spectral extraction methods of remote sensing.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Gears - Image processing - Photomapping - Remote sensing - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Extraction accuracy - Extraction method - Grid points - Guangzhou city - Hyperion - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral remote sensing data - Linear spectral - Litchi - Mixed models  - Mixed pixel - QuickBird images - Remote sensing satellites - Resolution images - Spatial resolution - Spectral angle mapping - Support vector machines (SVM) - Training sample - Vegetation distribution - Vegetation information extraction
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 601.2 Machine Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 49>

Accession number:20103613222493
Title:Development of fast-determination instrument for rice leaf nitrogen content based on spectroscopy
Authors:Nie, Pengcheng (1); Yuan, Shilin (1); Zhang, Weicong (2); Shao, Yongni (1); He, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (2) Intelligent Control Research Institute, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315101, China
Corresponding author:He, Y.
      (yhe@zju.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:152-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An instrument used to measure the SPAD values and nitrogen content for rice leaf was developed based on the spectral technique. The instrument consists of optical unit, conditioning unit and control and data acquisition unit. The optical unit includes light source, detection point and photoelectric sensor. Its primary role is to control the light on or off, collect the light permeating through the leaves, and convert the optical signal to electrical signal. Conditioning unit mainly converts the weak signal to current or voltage, and enlarges it to suitable range. Control and data acquisition unit includes the AD conversion circuit, liquid crystal display circuit and SD card storage circuit. In this study, the performance of the instrument was tested through two steps: 1) Set up the prediction model between AD sampling voltage value and the SPAD value; 2) Set up the prediction model between SPAD value and the nitrogen content. After several tests, the voltage value had a high correlation with the SPAD value, and the decision coefficient (R²) was 0.956. The decision coefficient (R²) between SPAD value and nitrogen content reached 0.802. Combining the results of two models, the decision coefficient (R²) was 0.766 for nitrogen content prediction. It show that the instrument can successfully used to quick measurement for rice leaf nitrogen content in field.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Controllers - Forecasting - Instruments - Light emission - Light emitting diodes - Liquid crystal displays - Liquid crystals - Mathematical models - Microcontrollers  - Spectrum analysis - Spectrum analyzers
Uncontrolled terms:Conditioning units - Conversion circuits - Data-acquisition units - Detection point - Electrical signal - In-field - Nitrogen content - Optical signals - Optical units - Photoelectric sensors  - Precision Agriculture - Prediction model - Quick measurement - Rice - Rice leaf - Spectral analysis - Spectral techniques - Weak signals
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 741.1 Light/Optics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 50>

Accession number:20103613222471
Title:Study on irrigation scheduling of cotton under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water
Authors:He, Yujiang (1); Wang, Bingguo (1); Wang, Zaimin (1); Jin, Menggui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
Corresponding author:He, Y.
      (heyujiang86@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:14-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to obtain the optimal irrigation program of mulch drip irrigation with brackish groundwater, the growth and yield of cotton under 11 different irrigation treatments in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed in different reproductive periods. In this paper, the leaf area, dry matter, cotton yield and salt of soil were measured by WDY-500A micro-electron leaf area, oven drying method, artificial method, atomic absorption spectrometer and titration, respectively. These results showed the cotton vegetative growth became faster with increase of irrigation water; the proportion of reproductive growth was greater and easier to become old when the salinity of irrigation was higher. These results also indicated that rotation irrigation system (3750 m³/hm², 80% brackish water and 20% fresh water) was the optimal one, whose yield reached 5190 kg/hm². Meanwhile, in 2008 the rotation irrigation system attained a negative growth (-0.95 g/kg) of total salt. And results of 2009 strongly demonstrated the superiority of the irrigation system. This rotation irrigation system will realize water conservation, increasing yield effectively and protection of soil environment.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Cotton - Groundwater - Optimization - Rotation - Scheduling - Soil conservation - Soils - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Atomic absorption spectrometers - Brackish ground water - Brackish water - Cotton yield - Drip irrigation - Dry matters - Fresh Water - Growth and yield - Irrigation scheduling - Irrigation systems  - Irrigation treatments - Irrigation waters - Leaf area - Oven drying method - Reproductive growth - Soil environment - Vegetative growth
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 912.2 Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.2 Groundwater - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 51>

Accession number:20103613222503
Title:Diseases and insect pests area monitoring for winter wheat based on HJ-CCD imagery
Authors:Feng, Lian (1); Wu, Wei (2); Chen, Xiaoling (1); Tian, Liqiao (1); Cai, Xiaobin (1); Su, Guozhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; (2) National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100053, China; (3) Key Lab. of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
Corresponding author:Chen, X.
      (cecxl@yahoo.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:213-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Previous studies of remote sensing on monitoring crop diseases show that simple vegetation index threshold methods are not effective to discriminate stressed winter wheat from the healthy ones. In this paper, binary logistic regression was utilized to establish the relational model between field measured vegetation indexes and health status of winter wheat. In order to reduce the growing variations between different regions, an algorithm was implemented based on an assumption of neighborhood consistency among 3 &times; 3 pixels. Results indicate that renormalised difference vegetation index (RDVI) model and triangular vegetation index (TVI) model perform satisfactorily and have high reliability. These models were then applied to CCD image of the newly-launched environment monitoring and disaster forecasting microsatellite of China. Results showed that the area of stressed winter wheat detected by RDVI and TVI models were consistent with the census by the Zaoyang Plant Protection Station as well as the field investigation. Besides, TVI model has the accuracy of 76.47%, which can meet the needs of operational crop diseases and insect pests area monitoring.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Charge coupled devices - Crops - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Surge protection
Uncontrolled terms:Area monitoring - Binary logistic regression - CCD images - Crop disease - Environment monitoring - Field investigation - Health status - High reliability - Insect pest - Micro satellite  - Plant protection - Relational Model - Threshold methods - Vegetation index - Winter wheat
Classification code:704 Electric Components and Equipment - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 52>

Accession number:20103613222516
Title:Engine economical performances and emissions characteristics of emulsified diesel fuel with compound-surfactants
Authors:Chen, Zhenbin (1); Jiang, Shengjun (2); Xiao, Mingwei (1); Jiao, Qingshan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Danzhou 571737, China; (2) Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou 571737, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, S.
      (mondayjsjj22@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:285-289
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The emulsified fuel was prepared through selecting appropriate compound-surfactants on the basis of the HLB (hydrophilic and lipophilic balance) value and the specific emulsification technology. Comparative experiments between the emulsified fuel and diesel fuel were undertook in the model 1135 diesel engine, and the difference in engine economical performances and emissions characteristics between them were studied. The results indicates that the emulsified fuel result in significant decrease in the emissions of soot and NO<inf>X</inf> and proper increase in fuel-efficiency without modification in the engine structure compared with the diesel fuel; especially for the emulsified diesel with accelerant ferrocene. Besides, various water-content ratios will affect the combustion of the emulsified diesel fuel, and an appropriate one for this engine is 13% in volume after considering fuel-saving and emissions.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Emulsification
Controlled terms:Diesel engines - Diesel fuels - Engines - Fuel consumption - Iron compounds - Steel metallurgy - Surface active agents - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Emission - Emulsified fuel - Engine structure - Ferrocenes
Classification code:803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 612 Engines - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 444 Water Resources - 545.3 Steel
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.050
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 53>

Accession number:20103613222497
Title:Simulation and application on concrete temperature control measures for inverted siphons in winter
Authors:Guo, Lei (1); Wang, Lunyan (1); Xu, Qingwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Water Resources Department, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China; (2) Yellow River Construction Engineering Group, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Corresponding author:Guo, L.
      (glboss@126.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:175-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Inverted siphon is an important cross-building project for water diversion and irrigation. In view of the problem of mass concrete cracks during construction, the corresponding measures and methods are put forward. Generally speaking, the difference between the internal and external temperature and the basic difference of temperature are considered as the main factors influencing the phenomena. Under the basic theories of temperature field and stress field of concrete, the 3-D FEM is adopted to simulate the stresses field of Qinhe river Inverted siphon during construction. Through analyzing the time-space variation law, it is found that cracks easily appear. In the middle section of the South to North Water Transfer Project, for the first time, the quality of concrete has been improved obviously through the method of external insulation board. The results show that the safety coefficient of tensile strength of concrete can be greater than 1.6, so it deserves to be popularized for other engineering applications.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Siphons
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Construction industry - Cracks - Flood control - Temperature control - Tensile strength - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Basic theory - Building projects - Concrete temperatures - Control measures - Corresponding measures - During construction - Engineering applications - External temperature - Insulation board - Inverted siphons  - Mass concrete - Middle section - Numerical simulation - Quality of concrete - Safety coefficient - South to North Water Transfer Project - Strength of concrete - Stress field - Temperature field - Temperature fields  - Time-space variations - Water diversions
Classification code:731.3 Specific Variables Control - 723.5 Computer Applications - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 54>

Accession number:20103613222476
Title:Evolution characteristics of seasonal drought in the south of China during the past 58 years based on standardized precipitation index
Authors:Huang, Wanhua (1); Yang, Xiaoguang (1); Li, Maosong (3); Zhang, Xiaoyu (1); Wang, Mingtian (4); Dai, Shuwei (1); Ma, Jiehua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (2) Hunan Meteorological Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China; (3) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (4) Agricultural Meteorology Center of Sichuan, Chengdu 615000, China
Corresponding author:Yang, X.
      (yangxg@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:50-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Seasonal droughts have frequently taken place in the south of China in recent years, resulting of a serious impact on agricultural production. Therefore, analyzing the evolution characteristics and occurring rules are important to provide theory evidence for instituting policies about disaster prevention and mitigation under global climate change. Using standardized precipitation index (SPI) to describe drought, with precipitation data from weather stations in 15 provinces in the south of China, monthly drought indices in the recent 58yrs (from 1951 to 2008) were calculated, annual and seasonal change in station proportion of drought frequency were analyzed, which is the ratio of stations with drought occurring to overall stations, and the same for drought intensity. The results showed that drought in the south of China had increased with different magnitudes in the study period. Drought has become more serious in spring and autumn, though it's the opposite in summer and winter. In the different zones of the study region, drought changes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, in Southwest China and in South China, were similar to the whole study region. Under the background of climate change, the drought change was bad for agricultural production. Comparing with other drought indices, SPI can catch basic features of the annual variations characteristics of seasonal drought in the south of China.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Climate change - Disaster prevention - Stream flow
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Drought indices - Evolution characteristics - Global climate changes - Precipitation data - Seasonal changes - South China - Southwest China - Standardized precipitation index - Station proportion of drought frequency  - Weather stations - Yangtze River
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 451 Air Pollution - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 55>

Accession number:20103613222472
Title:Influences of subsurface drip irrigation and surface drip irrigation on bell pepper growth under different fertilization conditions
Authors:Kong, Qinghua (1); Li, Guangyong (1); Wang, Yonghong (3); Wen, Yigang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Water Resource and Hydropower Department, Beijing Water Conservancy School, Beijing 100024, China; (3) Management Office of Yuhe, Datong 037000, China
Corresponding author:Li, G.
      (lgyl@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:21-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A 2-year field experiment was conducted in 2007, 2008 to study the response of bell pepper to subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and surface drip irrigation (DI). Four nitrogen levels of 0, 75, 150, 300 kg/hm^-2 (N<inf>0</inf>, N<inf>75</inf>, N<inf>150</inf>, N<inf>300</inf>) comprised the fertigation treatments. The irrigation interval was 4 days. The results showed that, bell pepper yields for treatment SDI were higher than that for DI by 4% in 2007, and 13% in 2008, respectively. The water consumption of SDI was lower than that of DI by 6.7% in 2007, and 7.3% in 2008, respectively. The root length density of SDI and DI was 1.46 and 2.44 times BI (border irrigation). The percent of root length under 10 cm of SDI were higher than that of DI by 7 percent, which means SDI not only promote the growth of crop root system, but also promote deep insertion of the root system. Treatment SDI N150 was recommended as the optimal strategy for improving bell pepper yield and WUE, reducing NO<inf>3</inf>^--N leaching.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Subirrigation
Controlled terms:Bells - Leaching - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Plants (botany) - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Bell peppers - Border irrigation - Crop roots - Fertigations - Field experiment - Irrigation interval - Nitrogen levels - Optimal strategies - Root length - Root length density  - Root system - Subsurface drip irrigation - Surface drip irrigation - Surface drip irrigations - Water consumption
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 752.1 Acoustic Devices - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 56>

Accession number:20103613222509
Title:Process optimization of ethanol production from steam exploded corn stalk by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Authors:Lai, Zhile (1); Chang, Chun (1); Ma, Xiaojian (1); Wei, Wei (1); Luo, Yongsheng (1); Wang, Duo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Corresponding author:Ma, X.
      (maxj@zzu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:250-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The process of cellulose ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was studied in this paper, and the optimum conditions of the process were found by single-factor experiment and orthogonal test. The conditions were as follows: reaction temperature 37&deg;C, pH value 4.8, loading of substrate 15%, loading of 0.15% Tween-20 as surfactant, loading of cellulose 30 U/g, the yeast active by 2% glucose, yeast inoculums 5&permil;, and the medium compositions were KH<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf> 2.5 g/L, (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> 2.0 g/L, MgSO<inf>4</inf> &middot 7H<inf>2</inf>O 0.15 g/L, CaCl<inf>2</inf> 0.35 g/L. Under the optimum conditions, the volume of ethanol is 2.85(v/v), then the ethanol yield can reach to 88.12% of the theoretic results after 60 h.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Saccharification
Controlled terms:Calcium chloride - Cellulose - Ethanol - Fermentation - Glucose - Loading - Optimization - Surface active agents - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Cellulase - Corn stalk - Ethanol production - Ethanol yield - Medium - Medium composition - Optimum conditions - Orthogonal test - pH value - Process optimization  - Reaction temperature - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation - Tween-20
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 672 Naval Vessels - 523 Liquid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 57>

Accession number:20103613222470
Title:Long-term runoff forecast method based on dynamic adjustment particle swarm optimizer algorithm and Holt-Winters linear seasonal model
Authors:Shi, Biao (1); Li, Yuxia (1); Yu, Xinhua (2); Niu, Yanli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Technical Institute of High Vocation, QingDao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 261000, China
Corresponding author:Shi, B.
      (biaosh2008@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:8-13
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To improve the reservoir long-term runoff forecast accuracy and speed, dynamic adjustment particle swarm optimizer algorithm (DAPSO) was proposed. Prediction function of Holt-Winters (H-W) linear seasonal model was used to deal with runoff forecast, the combination parameters of Holt-Winters linear seasonal model was solved and optimized by using DAPSO algorithm. The hybrid algorithm of the dynamic adjustment particle swarm optimizer algorithm and Holt-Winters linear seasonal model was developed. It can automatically determine the parameters of the Holt-Winters linear seasonal model. The long-term runoff forecast model was formed based on the hybrid algorithm. The reservoir long-term runoff forecast was carried out by using the method and history runoff data. The result shows the convergence of method was faster and forecast accuracy was more accurate than that of the particle swarm optimizer algorithm-H-W model and Holt-Winters linear seasonal model. The method improves forecast accuracy and forecast capacity of the H-W linear seasonal model. It had a high computational precision, and in 95% of confidence level the average percentage error was not more than 6%. The hybrid algorithm model can successfully improve the reservoir long-term runoff forecast accuracy and speed problem in Shiquan Reservoir. The model has better prediction accuracy and may be used for long-term runoff prediction of the reservoirs and rivers.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Dynamic models
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Convergence of numerical methods - Forecasting - Runoff
Uncontrolled terms:Computational precision - Confidence levels - Dynamic adjustment - Forecast accuracy - Holt-Winters - Hybrid algorithms - ON dynamics - Particle swarm optimizers - Percentage error - Prediction accuracy  - Prediction function - Runoff data - Runoff forecast - Runoff prediction - Seasonal models - W model
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 58>

Accession number:20103613222517
Title:Harmful gases determination and temperature intelligent control algorithm in piggery
Authors:Yu, Shouhua (1); Ou, Jingying (2); Zhang, Jiefang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (2) College of Public Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yu, S.
      (segrad@scau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:290-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:By adequately utilizing spectrum features during the reaction of gas molecules from sensor output signals, and using a method combining wavelet transform with genetic algorithm for harmful gases determination in piggery, the sensor cross-sensitivity problem from NH<inf>3</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>S sensors was solved, and the effectiveness of determination of harmful gases was improved. Experimental results showed that accuracy of qualitative determination by BP neural network with the proposed method reached 92%, and average accuracy of quantitative determination reached 87%. A fuzzy control algorithm was designed for intelligent temperature control in piggery, and the Matlab simulation results show that system response time becomes shorter and steady-state error is lower by this control algorithm, resulting in satisfaction for requirement of piggery temperature control.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Temperature control
Controlled terms:Fuzzy control - Gases - Genetic algorithms - Neural networks - Sensors - Spectrum analysis - Wavelet transforms
Uncontrolled terms:BP neural networks - Control algorithms - Cross sensitivity - Fuzzy control algorithms - Gas molecules - Harmful gas - Harmful gas determination - Matlab simulations - Piggery - Qualitative determinations  - Quantitative determinations - Sensor output - Spectrum features - Steady state errors - System response time - Temperature-intelligent
Classification code:943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.051
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 59>

Accession number:20103613222522
Title:Air impingement drying characteristics of apricot
Authors:Xiao, Hongwei (1); Zhang, Shixiang (2); Bai, Junwen (1); Fang, Xiaoming (3); Zhang, Zejun (2); Gao, Zhenjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Bee Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Z.
      (zjgao@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:318-323
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For improving the quality of dried apricot and shortening its drying time, air impingement drying technology was applied to apricot drying. The drying curves, moisture effective diffusivity and the activation energy of apricot drying were investigated under different drying temperatures (50, 55, 60 and 65&deg;C) and air velocities (3, 6, 9 and 12 m/s). Experimental results showed that the effect of drying temperature and air velocity on the drying rate was significant, while the effect of drying temperature was more significant than air velocity. Since the whole drying process occurred in the falling rate period, the Fick's second law of diffusion was used to calculate the moisture effective diffusivity, which increased from 8.346 &times; 10^-10 to 13.846 &times; 10^-10 m²/s with increasing the drying tempeature and air velocity. The activation energy determined from Arrhenius equation was 30.62 kJ/mol, which indicated that remove 1 kg water from apricot will take 1701 kJ energy during its air impingement drying process. This research provides technical basis for applying the air impingement drying technology to apricot drying.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Curing
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Diffusion - Drying - Moisture - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air velocities - Apricot - Arrhenius equation - Drying characteristics - Drying curves - Drying process - Drying rates - Drying technology - Drying temperature - Drying time  - Effective diffusivities - Falling-rate period - Fick's second law
Classification code:642.1 Process Heating - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.056
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 60>

Accession number:20103613222475
Title:Effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) on soil erodibility and critical shear stresses for disturbed red soil
Authors:Liu, Jigen (1); Zhang, Pingcang (1); Chen, Zhanpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan 430010, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Liu, J.
      (jigenliu@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:45-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:For applying chemical measures to prevent projects soil and water loss, studying the effects of polyacrylamide (PAM) on soil erodibility and critical shear stresses of the red disturbed soil, stimulated rainfall experiments were conducted in the laboratory with 5 slope degrees as 5&deg;, 10&deg;, 15&deg;, 20&deg;, 25&deg; and 3 rainfall intensities as 0.8 mm/min, 1.1 mm/min, 1.4 mm/min. The characteristics of the slope hydrodynamics parameters, relationships between runoff sediment transport rate and flow volume, variation of soil erodibility and critical shear stresses were analyzed with different soil treatments. The results showed that the sediment transport rate without PAM was 300 times larger than that with PAM when the runoff flow volumes were the same. The soil erodibility decreased from 13.223 g/(min &middot N) to 0.2693 g/(min &middot N), the runoff critical stresses increased from 0.77 N/(m² &middot min) to 1.47 N/(m² &middot min) with the application of PAM to the red soil. This means that the application of PAM can decrease the soil erodibility remarkably and increase the critical stresses. The results will provide theory basis for application of PAM to engineering soil and water loss prevention.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Cements - Erosion - Loss prevention - Rain - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sedimentology - Shear stress - Soils - Strength of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Critical shear stress - Critical stress - Disturbed soil - Flow volumes - PAM - Polyacrylamides - Rainfall intensity - Red soils - Runoff sediments - Sediment transport rate  - Soil and water loss - Soil erodibility - Soil treatments
Classification code:802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 481.1 Geology - 444.1 Surface Water - 443.3 Precipitation - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 412.1 Cement - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 61>

Accession number:20103613222492
Title:Design of long-cold storage for bulbs of lilium and its application effects
Authors:Wang, Xiangning (1); Li, Shubin (1); Chen, Pengcong (2); Yuan, Ziyun (2); Li, Jinkun (1); Li, Qijiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (2) Yunnan Yuxi Mingzhu Flower Company, Ltd., Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China; (3) Technology Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Flower, Kunming 650205, China
Corresponding author:Li, Q.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:147-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Store environment of lily bulb is designed according to the physiology character of lily. It needs to proper distribution of the environment, and realize the temperature equalization, small temperature difference and good air flow condition for achieving the requirements. During the cold store construction, the cold store added the internal and external air exchange system and installed the condensation fans at the middle of the top to achieve the effect of bidirectional air discharge, which solved the problems of large temperature difference and poor uniform of air flow in the store with unilateral air exchange. The test of professional cold store environment layout showed that the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration could maintain at 0.1%, the temperature difference of all orientations could keep in 0.5&deg;C and the bulbs could store 240 days by controlling the air exchange of the cold store. The cold store can create the proper environment for the lily bulb and realize the goal of bulbs long period store and flower time regulation.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Cold storage - Design - Refrigerators
Uncontrolled terms:Air discharge - Air exchanges - Air flow - Application effect - Cold stores - Lily bulb - Store environments - Temperature differences
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 644.2 Refrigerants - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 62>

Accession number:20103613222488
Title:Optimization of loader transmission ratio based on gear efficiency
Authors:Chang, L&#252; (1); Liu, Yongchen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Huaian 223003, China
Corresponding author:Chang, L.
      (changlv7114@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:123-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Most of loader gear transmission ratio was distributed by geometric series or paranoid geometric series based on experience. These transmission ratio distribution methods have some limitations. Loader use of gear was experienced, then various gear efficiency was counted. According to the input characteristics of engine and torque converter working together and loader output characteristics curve, the traction characteristics curves are made. The objective function was established considering gear efficiency, and optimization of loader transmission ratio was made by complex method. Loader performance simulation software was built, to calculate the fuel economy of loader before and after optimization. Optimization results show that the higher utilization of low-bit, the smaller interval of transmission ratio between low gear. Optimization results reflect the actual use conditions on the distribution of the transmission ratio, can improve the fuel economy of loader.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Loaders
Controlled terms:Computer software - Fuel economy - Optimization - Torque converters
Uncontrolled terms:Before and after - Complex methods - Gear efficiency - Gear transmissions - Objective functions - Output characteristics - Performance simulation - Traction characteristics - Transmission ratios
Classification code:521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 63>

Accession number:20103613222482
Title:Mechanical property simulation and verification of plant fiber and starch dishware
Authors:Guo, Anfu (1); Lu, Haiyang (1); Li, Jianfeng (1); Li, Fangyi (1); Wei, Baokun (2); Li, Jianyong (1); Wang, Xia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering and Key Lab. of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; (2) Jiufa Biomass Degradation Project Co., Ltd., Yantai 264100, China
Corresponding author:Li, J.
      (ljf@sdu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:91-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Biomass materials are the best substitute for those made of plastic packaging materials in the world, widespread application of these materials can control or eliminate the increase of white pollution problem effectively in the world. In this paper, the mechanical properties of three kinds of plant fiber and starch dishware were presented by tensile tests, which included Elastic Modulus, Poisson's Ratio and Tensile Strength. Finite element models of the biodegradable dishware were established by using the experimental result of the mechanical properties. The rule of the stress and strain distribution of the plant fiber and starch dishware under outside load was found with finite element method, which was verified by the experimental result, and the force-deformation curve of plant fiber and starch dishware was found. The results is of significance to its design, transport and application.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Biodegradation - Degradation - Mechanical properties - Microbiology - Packaging materials - Poisson ratio - Pollution control - Starch - Tensile strength - Tensile testing  - Textile fibers
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass materials - Dishware - Finite element models - Force-deformation curves - Packing materials - Plant fibers - Plastic packaging materials - Poisson's ratio - Pollution problems - Stress and strain distribution  - Tensile tests
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 819.2 Synthetic Fibers - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 951 Materials Science - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 422.2 Test Methods - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 461.9.2 Microbiology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 64>

Accession number:20103613222528
Title:Pig chilling process analysis based on constrained EM algorithm
Authors:He, Zhenfeng (1); Lu, Changhua (2); Xiong, Fanlun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (2) Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (3) Hefei Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
Corresponding author:He, Z.
      (hezhenfeng@yahoo.com.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:351-357
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A chilling process simulation approach is presented to analyze a few pig chilling experimental records from a meatpacking house. Two classes of chilling process vectors (CPVs): temperature slope based cooling process vector and loss based losing process vector were defined. They were utilized to demonstrate the transfer of heat and mass from carcass. As both wind and no-wind working conditions were included in each experimental record, a constrained expectation maximization algorithm was proposed to simulate different working conditions simultaneously, i.e.: E step to construct the Wind CPV (WCPV) and M step to construct the No_Wind CPV (NWCPV); in both E step and M step, partial order constraints were considered, and a cloud model based on evolutionary algorithm CBEA was utilized as the optimization algorithm. Based upon 37 experimental records, the CPVs were constructed and applied to simulate the chilling process of pig carcasses, the mean error was 0.93&deg;C for cooling process, 1.51&permil; for loss process. Meatpacking companies can apply this approach to analyze the practical pig chilling process data.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Evolutionary algorithms
Controlled terms:Constrained optimization - Mathematical models - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Cloud model - Cloud models - Cooling process - EM algorithms - Expectation-maximization algorithms - Mean errors - Optimization algorithms - Partial order - Pig carcass - Pig chilling process  - Process analysis - Process data - Process simulations - Working conditions
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.062
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 65>

Accession number:20103613222525
Title:Quality kinetics of microwave and pasteurised processed tomato juice
Authors:Li, Zhuosi (1); Cheng, Yudong (1); Liu, Shixiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, Y.
      (ydcheng@sohu.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:335-340
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To understand sterilization methods on the impact of the quality and shelf life of tomato juice, a kinetic study of post processing quality loss was conducted after microwave processing (800 W, 20 s) or thermal pasteurisation (85&deg;C, 4 min) of tomato juice. Selection of processing conditions was only based on microorganism inactivation. Total plate count, Vitamine C, and colour changes were measured at intervals during storage under different isothermal conditions (0, 4, 10, 25, 37&deg;C). The results indicated that the rates of increasing of total plate count, lossing of Vitamine C, the browing rate have increased with the increasing of storage time and temperature for both types of processing, and browing rate was linearly correlated to Vitamine C loss. Based on the remainder of Vitamine C 9.1-17.5 days shelf life for microwave treated tomato juice was longer than the respective values of thermally pasteurised juice at low storage temperatures (0-10&deg;C) used, and based on the degree of browing the difference was 14.9-71 days. However, the difference between pasteurize and microwave sterilization method was not significant at 25-37&deg;C. And based on the total plate count, there was no obvious difference, it was only one or two days. Microwave processing resulted in better retention of the quality of untreated juice and superior sensory characteristics compared to thermal pasteurisation. The remaining shelf-life of microwave treated tomato juice could be predicted at the storage temperature at 0-37&deg;C based on Vitamine C and the total plate count. It showed from the reliability assessment between predicted and observed shelf-life that accurate rate was within 90% calculated by the prediction model for the shelf-life of tomato juice. It was better to take the total number of colonies of tomato juice as the ultimate standard for shelf life. At low storage temperatures (0-10&deg;C) 5-8 days were proposed as the shelf life of microwave treated tomato juice, and 5-9 days were proposed as the shelf life of thermally pasteurized tomato juice. The results provide the technical basis for the application of microwave technology in processing and storage of fruit juice.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Fruit juices - Mathematical models - Microwave devices - Microwave heating - Microwaves - Radio waves - Reliability analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Colour change - Isothermal conditions - Kinetic study - Low-storage - Microwave processing - Microwave sterilization - Microwave technology - Post processing - Prediction model - Processing condition  - Reliability assessments - Sensory characteristics - Shelf life - Sterilization - Storage temperatures - Storage time - Thermal pasteurisation - Tomato juice - Total plate count - Vitamin-E
Classification code:913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 822.3 Food Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.059
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 66>

Accession number:20103613222501
Title:Yield estimate of wheat cultivar mixtures with stripe rust by hyperspectral remote sensing
Authors:Wang, Shuang (1); Huang, Chong (1); Sun, Zhenyu (1); Li, Guanlin (1); Ma, Zhanhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Lab. of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Z.
      (mazh@cau.edu.cn)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:199-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to monitor the wheat stripe rust with hyperspectral remote sensing and estimate the wheat yield. This study was to find the high yield component of four different resistance wheat cultivar on stripe rust mixture. The canopy reflectance of the different stripe rust severity of wheat cultivar mixture was obtained by hyperspectral remote sensing. Vegetation index was chosen from the spectral data, the correlations among DI, yield and spectral vegetation index were analyzed, and inversion models were built. The results showed that the yield of A(nongda195):C(0045):D(nongda211)=1:1:1 was the highest. At milky maturity, the correlation between vegetation index and yield was high. The remote sensing models in different growth stages for yield and yield component were built by NDVI. At grain filling, the model of yield was best, after the occurrence of wheat stripe rust, NDVI of multi-temporal combination simulated yield with higher precision.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Mixtures - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy reflectance - Grain filling - Growth stages - High yield - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Inversion models - Multi-temporal - Remote sensing models - Spectral data - Spectral vegetation indices  - Stripe rust - Vegetation index - Wheat cultivars - Wheat yield - Yield components
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 67>

Accession number:20103613222484
Title:Wear failure analysis on roller assembly of biomass pellet mill
Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Hou, Shulin (2); Tian, Yishui (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Sun, Hao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China; (2) College of Engineer, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Meng, H.
      (newmhb7209@163.com)
   
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:26
Issue:7
Issue date:July 2010
Publication year:2010
Pages:102-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Wear trial of roller assembly was carried out to solve the problem with which the key accessory of HM485 biomass pellet mill, e.g. die and roller, was abraded so that decreased the work life and productivity during produce densified biofuel. In this study, the roller assembly was manufactured by steel 45 with carburization treatment and the carburized layer depth was 3 mm, and the working life was 200 hours. The roller assembly was rapid abraded and became wear failure because of silicate minerals, impurities and moisture in raw materials. The principle of wear failure was studied with S-570 scanning electron microscope, the results showed that the wear depth of roller assembly which closed the feed side was up to 4.2 mm, and it was deeper 1.2 mm than other sides. The principle of wear failure is mainly adhesive wear and abrasive wear, and there is stress corrosion cracking in the abrasion surface which is close with the junction of carburized layer and substrate.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Failure analysis
Controlled terms:Abrasion - Biofuels - Biomass - Impurities - Pelletizing - Quality assurance - Raw materials - Rollers (machine components) - Scanning electron microscopy - Silicate minerals  - Stress corrosion cracking
Uncontrolled terms:Abrasive wears - Adhesive wears - Biomass pellets - Carburized layer - Failure - Feed side - Pellet mill - Roller assembly - Rollers - Scanning Electron Microscope  - Steel-45 - Wear depth - Wear trials - Work life - Working life
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 921 Mathematics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 741.1 Light/Optics - 601.2 Machine Components - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 482.2 Minerals - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.07.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc.