Accession number:20100812731031
Title:Effects of soil amendment fertilizers on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize
Authors:Wang, Zhen (1); Feng, Hao (1); Wu, Pute (1); Du, Jian (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Water and Soil Conservation Research Institute, China Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Feng, H.
     (nercwsi@vip.sina.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:114-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Through the orthogonal test, the effects of two kinds of soil amendment fertilizers on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize were studied. Results indicate that the fertilizer with straw and loessial soil could keep the yield when 28.6% of inorganic fertilizer was reduced, as the research was done under the influence of the different spring maize varieties, different fertilizer amounts and different irrigation amounts. At the same time, the water use efficiency and precipitation use efficiency were increased. Compared with conventional urea, the fertilizer with straw could make the soil evaporation less and improve the storage capacity of soil water in 0-20 cm effectively in seedling and jointing stage. The study could provide a theoretical basis for popularize of soil amendment fertilizer with straws.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Groundwater - Moisture determination - Permittivity - Soil moisture - Underwater soils - Urea - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Inorganic fertilizers - Orthogonal test - Precipitation use efficiencies - Soil amendment - Soil amendment fertilizer - Soil water - Spring maize - Storage capacity - Storage of soil water - Theoretical basis  - Water use efficiency
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 453 Water Pollution - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444.2 Groundwater - 471.1 Oceanography, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731024
Title:Effects of drip irrigation mode on spatial distribution of soil water and nitrogen and winter wheat yield
Authors:Wang, Jiandong (1); Gong, Shihong (1); Gao, Zhanyi (1); Zou, Hui (1); Yu, Yingduo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Irrigation and Drainage Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100044, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Gong, S.
     (gshh@iwhr.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:67-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Study on best drip irrigation mode applied in field plants plays an important role in the promotion process of drip irrigation technology. Field experiments which choose two drip irrigation types and four different irrigation schedules were carried out to assess the effects of drip irrigation mode on spatial distribution of soil water, soil nitrogen and winter wheat yield. The results showed that drip irrigation mode had little effect on irrigation quantum and irrigation frequency in the period of winter wheat growth on the basis of the same soil water controlling range. And based on the same fertilizing amount and irrigation quota, subsurface drip irrigation impeled nitrogen to deep soil obviously compared with drip irrigation. The nitrate nitrogen transport had similar rules with different drip irrigation types but same irrigation schedules, and the irrigation schedule had obvious effect on winter wheat yield when adopted same drip irrigation types but different drip irrigation schedules. The drip irrigation mode exerted little effect on winter wheat yield under sufficient irrigation and had obvious effect on winter wheat yield under deficit irrigation.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Forestry - Nitrogen - Size distribution - Soil moisture - Subirrigation - Underwater soils - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Deep soils - Deficit irrigation - Drip irrigation - Drip irrigation mode - Field experiment - In-field - Irrigation frequency - Irrigation quotas - Irrigation schedule - Nitrate nitrogen  - Soil nitrogen - Soil water - Spatial distribution - Subsurface drip irrigation - Water use efficiency - Winter wheat
Classification code:531.2 Metallography - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933.1 Crystalline Solids - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 471.1 Oceanography, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731067
Title:Impact assessment of land consolidation post-project
Authors:Xin, Guixin (1); Yang, Qingyuan (1); Yang, Huajun (2); Yang, Chaoxian (2); Xie, Jinning (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqin 400716, China; (3) Institute of Architecture and City Plan, Hunan Science and Technology University, Xiangtan 411201, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Q.
     (yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:312-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The post-project evaluation is regarded as an essential contributor to sustainable development of land consolidation. Based on the analysis of economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefit, social impact of land consolidation projects was received much attention. Taking nineteen land consolidation projects implemented as cases, this paper analyzed the social impact of land consolidation post-project by the analytic hierarchy process, entropy method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation based on field investigation and data processing. The results showed that the social impact in Chongqing was positive after implementation of land consolidation project, but it was not obvious. As a result, it is urgent and essential to adjust and optimize the policy arrangement of land consolidation at present.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Data processing - Decision theory - Fuzzy logic - Fuzzy systems - Hierarchical systems - Land use - Project management - Social aspects - Strategic planning
Uncontrolled terms:Chongqing - Consolidation projects - Ecological benefits - Economic benefits - Entropy methods - Field investigation - Fuzzy comprehensive assessment - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation - Impact assessments - Land consolidation  - Post-project evaluation - Social benefits - Social impact - Social impact assessments
Classification code:971 Social Sciences - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 731.1 Control Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.058
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731026
Title:Responses of maize regenerative plants from hairy root cultures to water stress
Authors:Xu, Hongwei (1); Zhou, Xiaofu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, China; (2) Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Changchun 130118, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, X.
     (zhouxiaofu@sohu.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:79-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To study the responses of maize roots to water stress, characteristics of plant growth and physiological in maize regenerative plants under water stress at different development stages were systemically studied. The photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentrations, and stomatal conductance were all high under water stress at the regenertive plants from hairy root culture in maize. Under water stress condition, whole root hydraulic conductivity of regenerative plants from hairy root culture decreased by 13.2%, H99 decreased by 84.7%. Water content of vegetative organs increased and leaf osmotic adjustment ability enhanced. The results showed that the regenerative plants from hairy root culture in maize with strong root system can provide guarantee for plant water supply and photosynthesis during growth and developmental stages.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Water content
Controlled terms:Photosynthesis - Physiological models - Plant life extension - Plants (botany) - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Development stages - Developmental stage - Hairy root culture - Maize roots - Osmotic adjustment - Photosynthesis rate - Plant - Plant growth - Plant water - Root hydraulic conductivity  - Root system - Stomatal conductance - Transpiration rates - Under water - Vegetative organs - Water stress
Classification code:912.1 Industrial Engineering - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 741.1 Light/Optics - 461.9 Biology - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 446 Waterworks - 444 Water Resources - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731041
Title:Unified dynamical model of vehicle steering and model-following control
Authors:Zhang, Xiaojiang (1); Gao, Xiuhua (1); Wang, Yunchao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
Corresponding author:Gao, X.
     (xhgao@jlu.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:173-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to apply the control algorithm of two-axle steering vehicle to multi-axle steering vehicle, the model of multi-axle steering vehicle and the model of two-axle steering vehicle were unified into a single model based on dynamic model of a two degree-of-freedom model for the multi-axle steering vehicle. Using the unified steering dynamical model, the multi-axle steering vehicle could be commanded by controlling wheels of any two axles. The ideal dynamic model of multi-axle steering vehicle was founded based on the zero-sideslip-angle control strategy. The control systems of multi-axle steering vehicle with front-wheel mechanical steering and front-wheel electric steering were designed and analyzed based on the model-following control. The results indicated that the control system could be adjusted and actualized easily with the obvious effect if the unified steering dynamical model was combined with the zero-sideslip-angle and the model-following control.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Steering
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Automobile parts and equipment - Automobile steering equipment - Axles - Dynamic models - Vehicle wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Angle control - Control algorithms - Dynamical model - Mechanical steering - Model-based - Model-following control - Multi-axle - ON dynamics - Two-degree-of-freedom
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 671.2 Ship Equipment - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 601.2 Machine Components
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731058
Title:Production of ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation from Jerusalem artichoke flour
Authors:Wang, Lunji (1); Dong, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Food and Bioengineering Department, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Food and Bioengineering Department, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Y.
     (ydong@ujs.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:263-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on the ability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe to ferment inulin-containing extracts into ethanol, the production of fuel ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using Jerusalem artichoke flour as raw material was presented. The effects of raw material treatment, Jerusalem artichoke flour concentration, initial pH value on the ethanol fermentation performances of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were investigated in a shaking flask, at the same time, the effects of the constant-pH fermentation and the uncontrolled-pH fermentation, aeration rate on the ethanol fermentation were also studied in a 5 L jar fermenter. Experimental results showed that the optimum initial pH value was 4.0, Jerusalem artichoke flour particle size was below 0.15 mm, high temperature treatment at 115°C for 35 min was better than that at 121°C for 20 min. According the optimum conditions for producing fuel ethanol, the maximum ethanol yield of 66.58 g/L, equivalent to 85.88% of the theoretical yield, was obtained for the slurry with a solid concentration of 200 g/L at 30°C after 48 h of incubation in a shaking flask. The decrease of pH value of the broth had little effect on ethanol fermentation. The aerobic condition resulted in lower ethanol yield than strictly anaerobic condition and non-aeration condition. The ethanol concentration was a little difference between strictly anaerobic condition and non-aeration condition. Ethanol production by fed-batch fermentation was investigated and the maximum ethanol concentration of 94.81 g/L, equivalent to 81.54% of its theoretical value, was reached with final Jerusalem artichoke flour of 300 g/L in a 5 L jar fermenter. These results provide a scientific basis for fuel ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke.
Number of references:16
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Concentration (process) - Ethanol - Fermentation - Fermenters - Fuels - Saccharification
Uncontrolled terms:Bio-energy - Biomass ethanol - Jerusalem artichoke - Schizosaccharomyces pombe - Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation
Classification code:811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 462.1 Biomedical Equipment, General - 461.8 Biotechnology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.048
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731062
Title:Northern rural domestic sewage treatment by integrated household constructed wetlands
Authors:Wu, Shubiao (1); Dong, Renjie (3); Zhai, Xu (2); Hu, Jing (1); Wang, Peng (1); Liu, Lin (1); Liu, Zhuqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) The Northwest Station of Biogas Products and Equipment Quality Center of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (3) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Z.
     (lzq@cau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:282-287
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A ten months continuous study (covering winter period) was conducted on an integrated household constructed wetland system for rural wastewater treatment. With a 0.5 m of biomass thermal insulation layer on the top of the system, the system temperature remained above 7°C while the lowest climate temperature of -15°C, guaranteeing the ordinary treatment efficiency. The removal rates of COD, BOD5, NH3-N, TP, TSS, and turbidity were 93.0%, 96.0%, 88.4%, 87.7%, 97.0% and 89.6%, respectively. The effluent concentrations were 36.0, 11.8, 3.5, 0.6, 3.8 mg/L and 9.1NTU, respectively. The perfect removal efficiency of integrated household constructed wetland proved its potential application in the rural areas for the distributed wastewater treatment and environment protection.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Sewage treatment
Controlled terms:Chemical oxygen demand - Effluents - Removal - Rural areas - Sewage - Thermal insulation - Turbidity - Wastewater - Wastewater reclamation - Wastewater treatment  - Water recycling - Water treatment plants - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Constructed wetlands - Domestic sewage treatment - Effluent concentrations - Environment engineering - Environment protection - Integrated household constructed wetland - Potential applications - Removal efficiencies - Removal rate - Rural environment  - System temperature - Thermal insulation layer - Treatment efficiency
Classification code:453.1 Water Pollution Sources - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 741.1 Light/Optics - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.1 Sewage - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.052
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731056
Title:Optimized conditions for production of xylose by acid-hydrolysis of rice straw based on response surface methodology
Authors:Zhang, Junwei (1); Fu, Dafang (1); Peng, Qijun (3); Deng, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Municipal Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; (2) Nanjing Water Treatment and Ecological Remediation Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanjing 210013, China; (3) School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, J.
     (zjwseu@126.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:253-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to study the key parameters in order to increase the yield of xylose in saccharification of rice straw by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis. A second order quadratic equation was established, and the applicability of the model and interaction involved factors on predicting the yield of xylose was verified. The results indicated that the effects order of three factors on the yields of xylose were as follows: acid concentration, temperature and time. The optimal levels for achieving the highest yield of xylose were obtained, including dilute sulfuric acid concentration of 1.53%, temperature of 121°C and reaction time of 56 min. The yield of xylose reached 78.12% under optimized conditions. Hydrolysis runs were conducted under the optimum condition and the results showed the models fitted well the experimental data and the model was feasible.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Saccharification
Controlled terms:Acids - Optimization - Sulfur determination - Sulfuric acid - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Acid concentrations - Acid hydrolysis - Dilute sulfuric acid - Experimental data - Key parameters - Optimal level - Optimized conditions - Optimum conditions - Quadratic equations - Reaction time  - Response Surface Methodology - Rice straws - Second orders - Technical parameters
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.046
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731068
Title:Evaluation and classification of rural residential land consolidation potential in Hebei Province
Authors:Cao, Xiuling (1); Zhang, Qingjun (3); Shang, Guofei (3); An, Shixin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; (2) School of Engineering, Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; (3) School of Public Administration, Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Shijiazhuang 050031, China; (4) Hebei Provincial Real Estate Valuer Association, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
Corresponding author:Cao, X.
     (caoxiuling2005@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:318-323
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The rural residential land consolidation plays an important role for improving the rural residential habitation, and increasing the intensive use level of rural residential land. The evaluation and classification of rural residential land consolidation potential provides foundation for rural residential land consolidation planning and land consolidation sub-zoning dividing. In this paper, the present situation of rural residential land in Hebei Province was analyzed firstly. And the outstanding problem was pointed out that the total area of rural residential land was too large and land areas per person went beyond standard. Then it was analyzed from five aspects that the origin of rural residential land consolidation potential. At last, the evaluation and classification of rural residential land consolidation potential was carried out based on the multiple index comprehensive evaluation method and basic units of county in Hebei Province. The rural residential land consolidation potential could be divided into four grades, and ploted out the corresponding gradation sub-zoning. The different consolidation directions were put forward according to different sub-zoning. The result of rural residential land consolidation potential evaluation and classification objectively reflects the different characteristic and region difference of rural residential land consolidation. It is practically valuable and significant for present rural residential land consolidation in Hebei Province.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Land use - Planning - Regional planning - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Evaluation - Hebei Province - Land areas - Land consolidation - Multiple index - Potential evaluation - Present situation
Classification code:912.2 Management - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.059
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731013
Title:Computer simulation of frost heave for concrete lining canal with different longitudinal joints
Authors:Wang, Zhengzhong (1); Liu, Xudong (1); Chen, Lijie (1); Li, Jialin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Water Engineering Safety and Disaster Prevention, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; (3) Water Conservancy Government Department of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Z.
     (wangzz0910@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to explore the mechanism and influencing rules of concrete lining canal with different longitudinal joints to weaken frost heave, furtherly provide some effective engineering measures of anti-frost heave, finite element software ADINA was applied to simulate canal frost heaving process when setting joints respectively in the toe, 1/3 of slope, center of wider base plate and not. The temperature field, deformation field and stress field were analyzed, especially the rules of frost heaving deformation, normal and tangential frost heaving force distribution were studied. The comparative analysis indicated that setting joints reasonably not only could reduce maximum heaving quantity 61%, maximum normal frost heaving force 45% and the tangential 32%, but also weaken frost heaving damage remarkably due to more uniform distribution of frost heaving force. The descending order of the significance of anti-frost heave was setting joints in the 1/3 slope, in the toe of slope and not. But for canals of shorter slope plate and wider base plate, setting joints both in the toe of slope and center of base plate could get the best effect, which reduced maximum frost heave quantity 67%, maximum normal force 59% and the tangential 45%. The result of computer simulation agreed well with engineering practice. The study shows that computer simulation of canal by finite element model can provide the reference and the scientific basis for canal engineering design and mechanics computation in seasonal frost region.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Computer simulation
Controlled terms:Canals - Computational methods - Computer software - Deformation - Hydraulic structures
Uncontrolled terms:Base plates - Comparative analysis - Concrete linings - Deformation field - Engineering design - Engineering practices - Finite element models - Finite element software - Frost heave - Frost heaving  - Frost-heaving force - Longitudinal joint - Normal forces - Seasonal frosts - Stress field - Temperature field - Uniform distribution
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 446.2 Related Hydraulic Structures - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 434.1 Waterway Transportation, General - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 407.2 Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731015
Title:Experiments on effect of dripper discharge on cotton-root distribution
Authors:Sun, Hao (1); Li, Mingsi (1); Ding, Hao (1); Wang, Yunxi (1); Cui, Weimin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Corresponding author:Li, M.
     (leemince-709@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:13-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The relationship between soil wetting pattern and crop-root distribution is the theoretical basis for choosing soil wetted percentage, and the soil wetting pattern is directly subject to the dripper discharge. Therefore, the relation between dripper discharge and crop-root distribution is the basis for determining technique parameters of drip irrigation. Based on the pot culture experiments, cotton root structure and distribution were measured in seedling stage, bud stage, flowering stage, boll stage, and boll opening stage with the dripper discharge of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 L/h. The experiments results indicated that the smaller dripper discharge resulted in narrow and deep distribution of cotton root in soil and compact root structure, while the larger dripper discharge led to wide and shallow distribution of cotton root in soil and sparse root structure. Cotton root-length density increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of soil depth, and the maximal ratio of the root length in soil laid to the total root length in soil was observed in shallow soil as a result of the dripper discharge increasing. Similarly, the cotton root-length density reduced gradually from the root axis to both sides of it, and the maximal length density of root was observed at the position of root axis in soil and was diminished by increased dripper discharge. The results provide references for the selection of soil wetted percentage and dripper discharge in the process of drip irrigation''s technique design.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Experiments
Controlled terms:Cotton - Crops - Forestry - Irrigation - Plants (botany) - Soils - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Cotton roots - Drip irrigation - Dripper discharge - Flowering stage - Length density - Maximal-ratio - Pot culture - Root axis - Root distribution - Root length  - Root length density - Root structure - Shallow soils - Soil depth - Soil wetting pattern - Theoretical basis - Total root lengths
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 901.3 Engineering Research - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.9 Biology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731039
Title:Optimization of gasoline engine scavenging process based on computer simulation
Authors:Cao, Xiaohui (1); Guo, Chenhai (1); Yuan, Yinnan (1); Jiang, Shuli (1); Fan, Qinyin (1); Wang, Zhong (1); Wang, Guangji (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Cao, X.
     (caoxh@ujs.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:164-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The fluid dynamics model was used to present the three-dimensional transient computer simulation of two-stroke gasoline engine scavenging process. In order to optimize the scavenging process, the effects of the main structural parameters on the scavenging process were discussed. By computational analysis, it was found that the crank angle of scavenging port opening, the crank angle of exhaust port opening and the scavenging port circumferential angle influenced the charging efficiency obviously. And the charging efficiency became smaller as the three parameters increased. Thus it led to power decrease. Although the escape ratio decreased rapidly as the crank angle of exhaust port opening increased, it was advantageous in the engine emissions. At last, the optimization of structural parameters was proposed based on the three-dimensional transient analysis. The crank angle of scavenging port opening was 123.1°CA, the crank angle of exhaust port opening was 112.1°CA and the scavenging port circumferential angle was 72.5°. The experiments of the improved engine indicated that the power of the improved engine increased 22.4%, and the HC emission decreased 55.1%. The study shows that it is effective to optimize the scavenging process using computer simulation.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Engines
Controlled terms:Computational methods - Gasoline - Ports and harbors - Scavenging - Structural optimization - Three dimensional - Transient analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Charging efficiency - Circumferential angles - Computational analysis - Crank angle - Emission - Engine emission - Exhaust ports - Fluid dynamics model - Gasoline engines - HC emissions  - Scavenging process - Structural parameter - Three parameters
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 703.1 Electric Networks - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 921 Mathematics - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 617.3 Steam Engines - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 612 Engines - 523 Liquid Fuels - 407.1 Maritime Structures - 621 Nuclear Reactors
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731065
Title:Effects of rhizosphere aeration on matrix gas, matrix nutrition and xylem sap in cucumber
Authors:Li, Tianlai (1); Chen, Hongbo (1); Sun, Zhouping (1); Wang, Wuhong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China; (2) Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
Corresponding author:Li, T.
     (tianlaili@126.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:301-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to improve gas environment in rhizosphere, the effects of different patterns of rhizosphere aeration on matrix gas, matrix nutrition and xylem sap in cucumber by matrix-gas-cultivation were investigated. The results showed that concentrations of CO2 and O2 in rhizosphere both upper and lower aeration treatments were significantly improved, compared with CK, CO2 concentrations decreased by 33.31%-98.02%, and O2 concentrations increased by 2.13%-12.22%. Both upper and lower aeration treatments heightened significantly available nutrition contents, compared with CK, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increased by 12.95%-28.87%, available phosphorus increased by 12.02%-20.46%. Electrical conductivity, pH value and amino acids of xylem sap in upper aeration treatment were the highest, which showed a strong root metabolism, so upper aeration pattern was better.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Amino acids - Electric conductivity - Environmental management - Gases - Military engineering - Nutrition - Organic acids - Phosphorus - Sewage lagoons
Uncontrolled terms:Aeration treatment - Available phosphorus - Electrical conductivity - Gas environment - matrix - Matrix gas - pH value - Rhizosphere aeration - Xylem sap
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 822.3 Food Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 461.7 Health Care - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 404.1 Military Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.056
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731019
Title:Algorithm method for soil infiltrability determination with modified Green-Ampt model
Authors:Mao, Lili (1); Lei, Tingwu (1); Liu, Han (1); Yuan, Cuiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Lei, T.
     (ddragon@public3.bta.net.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:35-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The soil infiltrability has a close relationship with overland flow and groundwater, determining the fraction of the irrigation or rain water entering the soil, the transportation of chemicals such as fertilizers, herbicides/pesticides as well as other pollutants, and, thus, affecting the amount of runoff responsible for subsequent soil erosion. Based on the energy principle of water movement in saturated/unsaturated soils and the measured soil water distribution in horizontal soil column, modifications were made to the piston assumption of the soil water distribution in the Green-Ampt infiltration model. The soil water distribution was described by a more realistic linear distribution model. Based on the water/mass balance and the soil water dynamics, a modified mathematic model for soil infiltrability estimation was advanced. The measurement method, algorithm models and procedures were given for estimating soil infiltrability with measured data from horizontal soil column. Comparisons of the cumulative infiltration computed from the estimated infiltrability with the modified method and the total supplied water indicated that the relative error was 0.66%, which demonstrated a very high accuracy of the model and the computational method. The modified model can describe the distribution of the soil water very well which is more suitable to the analyzations in the soil water dynamics than the piston assumption in the Green-Ampt infiltration model. The accuracy can be greatly improved by applying the modified model to the horizontal soil column experiment. This can supply a very useful tool to the relative studies such as the soil water movement analysis, overland flow estimation and soil erosion analysis.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Geologic models
Controlled terms:Error analysis - Estimation - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Hydrogeology - Mathematical models - Seepage - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Underwater soils  - Water analysis - Water distribution systems - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Algorithm model - Energy principles - Green-Ampt infiltration - Green-Ampt model - Infiltration models - Linear distribution - Mathematic model - Measured data - Measurement methods - Modified Green-Ampt model  - Modified model - Overland flow - Rain water - Relative errors - Soil column - Soil erosion - Soil water - Soil water dynamics - Soil water movement - Soil-column experiment  - Soil-water distribution - Water movements
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 471.1 Oceanography, General - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 453.1 Water Pollution Sources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 444.2 Groundwater - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 446.1 Water Supply Systems
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731045
Title:Monitoring nitrogen accumulation in wheat leaf with red edge characteristics parameters
Authors:Feng, Wei (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Yao, Xia (1); Tian, Yongchao (1); Guo, Tiancai (2); Cao, Weixing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hi-Tech Key Laboratory of Information Agriculture of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Cao, W.
     (caow@njau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:194-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Three field experiments were conducted with different nitrogen application rates and wheat cultivars across three growing seasons, and time-course measurements were taken on canopy spectral reflectance, leaf dry weight and leaf nitrogen concentration under the various treatments. The primary objective of this study was to explore the optimum red edge characteristics parameters and quantitative models for estimating leaf nitrogen accumulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results showed that the first derivative of the reflectance spectra changes regularly with increasing N rates in red edge region, and canopy spectral reflectance changes complexly. The analyses on relationships between the vegetable indices reported to leaf N accumulation indicated that red edge spectral parameters related most significantly to leaf N accumulation, differed among red edge spectral parameters. An integrated linear regression equation of leaf N accumulation to GM2, SR705 and FD742 described the dynamic pattern of change in leaf N accumulation in wheat, giving the determination of coefficients (R²) as 0.854, 0.848 and 0.873, respectively, and the standard errors (SE) as 1.136, 1.160 and 1.059, respectively. The two peak spectral parameters in red edge region were constructed on analysis of red edge characteristics, and differential vegetation index of two peak in red edge region LSDr_REPLE was highly correlated with leaf N accumulation with 0.868 of R² and 1.080 of SE. When independent data were fit to the derived equations, the average relative error (RE) values as 17.6%, 17.0%, 14.9% and 14.5% between measured and estimated N accumulation using spectral parameters GM2, SR705, FD742 and LSDr_REPLE, respectively, indicating a good fit and better in LSDr_REPLE. The result indicated that those models could be used to reliably estimate the leaf N states in wheat, and especially LSDr_REPLE of new extracted parameters could indicate further steadily dynamic changes in leaf N accumulation.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Interferometry - Monitoring - Reflection - Spectrum analysis - Spectrum analyzers - Spontaneous emission - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Canopy spectral reflectance - Characteristics parameters - Dry weight - Dynamic changes - Dynamic patterns - First derivative - Growing season - Highly-correlated - Leaf nitrogen  - Leaf nitrogen accumulation - Linear regression equation - Nitrogen accumulation - Nitrogen application rates - Primary objective - Quantitative models - Red edge - Reflectance spectrum - Spectral parameters - Standard errors  - Three-field experiments - Vegetation index - Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) - Wheat cultivars
Classification code:944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 741.1 Light/Optics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 461.9 Biology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731022
Title:Effects of brackish water irrigation on soil and crop under different groundwater depths
Authors:Qiao, Dongmei (1); Qi, Xuebin (1); Pang, Hongbin (1); Wu, Haiqing (1); Fan, Xiangyang (1); Zhu, Donghai (1); Hu, Chao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China; (2) Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Qi, X.
     (qxb6301@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:55-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The area of brackish water irrigation has become increasingly year by year. Soil environment has been polluted in different degrees by illogical irrigation. In this paper, the effects of brackish water irrigation on the environment factors of soil-crop system under different groundwater depths were studied. The experiment was carried out in a lysimeter. The results showed that salinity accumulation did not appear in 0-100 cm soil layer when irrigated by saline water in the area of groundwater depth below 3 m. The effect of irrigation water quality on soil salinity was more significant than groundwater depth when salt concentration of irrigation water was 4 g/L. The deeper the groundwater depth was and the higher the salinity level was, the less the leaf area index, height of plant and yield were. And the effect of groundwater depth on morphological index was more significant than salinity level.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Crops - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hydrogeology - Irrigation - Saline water - Salinity measurement - Soils - Water pollution - Water quality  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water - Groundwater irrigation - Irrigation water quality - Irrigation waters - Leaf Area Index - Salinity levels - Salt concentration - Soil environment - Soil layer - Soil salinity  - Summer maize
Classification code:943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 453 Water Pollution - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 445.2 Water Analysis - 444.2 Groundwater - 444 Water Resources
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731035
Title:Design of DGPS navigation control system for Dongfanghong X-804 tractor
Authors:Luo, Xiwen (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Zhao, Zuoxi (1); Chen, Bin (1); Hu, Lian (1); Wu, Xiaopeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Luo, X.
     (xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:139-145
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Navigation control system based on RTK-DGPS for Dongfanghong X-804 tractor was developed. The system includes RTK-DGPS receiver, navigation controller, steering controller, electrohydraulic steering actuator and encoder sensor for the steering angle testing. The closed control loop of the steering angle is composed of steering controller, electrohydraulic steering actuator and encoder sensor. The closed loop can realize the servo control of the steering angle according to the control command from navigation controller. The control transfer function model was developed for straight trajectory tracking based on tractor kinematics model and the steering control system. The input of the transfer function is lateral tracking error and the output is commanded steering angle from navigation controller. The navigation controller was developed using PID algorithm. The stability and the responding capability of the control system were discussed and analyzed, and the control parameters were optimized. According to the characteristics of high turning radius of the tractor, a headland turning mode through spanning lines was used in the navigation control system for the tractor. The field tests showed that the maximum offset error was less than 0.15 m and the average offset error was less than 0.03 m for straight trajectory tracking at the traveling speeds of 0.8 m/s. The field tests indicated that the proposed headland turning control method is appropriated to Dongfanghong X-804 tractor.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Actuators - Banks (bodies of water) - Control system analysis - Control system stability - Control systems - Hydraulics - Mathematical models - Navigation - Pneumatic control equipment - Sensors  - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Transfer functions - Turning
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic guidance control system - Closed control loop - Closed loops - Control command - Control parameters - dGPS navigation - Field test - Kinematics models - Lateral tracking - Navigation control systems  - Navigation controllers - Offset errors - PID Algorithm - Servo control - Steering actuators - Steering angles - Steering control system - Steering controllers - Trajectory tracking - Transfer function model  - Turning control - Turning radius
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 703.1 Electric Networks - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.2 Control System Applications - 731.4 System Stability - 732.1 Control Equipment - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 407.2 Waterways - 431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 434.4 Waterway Navigation - 444.1 Surface Water - 655.1 Spacecraft, General - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 632 Hydraulics, Pneumatics and Related Equipment, and Fluidics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 604.2 Machining Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731054
Title:Model for simulating development and growth of pot planted poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) grown in greenhouse
Authors:Zhang, Hongju (1); Dai, Jianfeng (1); Luo, Weihong (1); Zhuang, Keming (1); Wei, Yougang (2); Zhang, Ou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Vegetable and Flower Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, H.
     (2006101059@njau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:241-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to optimize the climate management for pot planted poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) grown in a greenhouse, a model of pot planted poinsettia growth and development simulation was developed. Experiments with different planting dates and densities were conducted in a multi-span Venlo type greenhouse of Nanjing. The photo-thermal effects on the development and growth of poinsettia were quantitatively analyzed using the experimental data. Based on the quantitative analysis, a sub-model for predicting the development stages of poinsettia was developed using an integrated photo-thermal index physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR, PTEP. A sub-model for predicting the dry matter production and dry matter partitioning of poinsettia was developed using the canopy intercepted PTEP, PTEPint. A growth and development simulation model for pot planted poinsettia was developed by integrating the two sub-models mentioned above. Independent experimental data were used to validate the model. The results showed that the model could give predictions of the development stages, dry matter production, and organ dry weight of poinsettia crops satisfactorily. Based on the 1:1 line, the determination coefficient (R²) between the predicted and observed development stages is 0.99; and the root mean squared errors (RMSE) between the predicted and observed days from pinching to start of short day treatment, first visible cyathia, first visible bud, third visible bud and flowering date are, respectively, 0.7, 3, 3.5, 0.7 and 2 days. Based on the 1:1 line, the R² and RMSE are 0.98 and 7.12 g/m², for total biomass production, 0.97 and 7.49 g&middotm^-2, respectively, for leaf dry weight, 0.91 and 3.89 g/m², respectively, for stem dry weight, 0.95 and 2.48 g&middotm^-2, respectively for cyathia dry weight. The model developed in this study gives more accurate predictions for development stages than the growing degree days (GDD) based model (with RMSE of 8, 4.5, 3.8, 2.8 and 7.2 days, respectively) does, and gives significantly higher prediction accuracies for total biomass production than the photosynthesis driven crop growth model (with R² and RMSE of 0.77 and 35.06 g/m², respectively) does. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the model developed in this study can give satisfactory predictions of pot planted poinsettia development and growth, hence, can be used for decision making for precision control of light and temperature in greenhouse poinsettia production.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Physiological models
Controlled terms:Biomass - Crops - Curing - Ecology - Forecasting - Greenhouses
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass productions - Development stages - Dry matter partitioning - Photosynthetically active radiation - Simulation model - Simulation models
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 818.3 Rubber and Elastomer Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.044
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731027
Title:Effects of rainfall intensity and land use on soil and water loss in loess hilly region
Authors:Li, Guang (1); Huang, Gaobao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Corresponding author:Huang, G.
     (huanggb@gsau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:85-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An experimental research on the effects of rainfall intensity and land use on soil and water loss was carried out under simulated rainfall to master the regularity and mechanism in five different rainfall intensities and four land use modes in loess hilly region. The results showed that rainfall intensity was positively correlated with runoff and sediment yields. The function was power between the average surface runoff or sediment and rainfall in four land use modes. The order of average surface runoff yield was forest lands > fallow cultivated lands > cultivated grasslands > grasslands. And the order of sediment yield was fallow cultivated lands > cultivated grasslands > grasslands > forest lands. There was no complete correspondence between runoff and sediment. If there is no intercepting, retarding and reducing of rainfall by canopy, shrub and litter layer, the runoff of forestry is larger than that of other land use patterns. Findings also show that the forestry has a good effect on soil conservation, and the grassland has a good effect on soil and water conservation as well.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Cements - Forestry - Land use - Rain - Runoff - Sedimentology - Soils - Timber - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Experimental research - Forest land - Land use pattern - Land-use mode - Litter layer - Rainfall intensity - Sediment yields - Simulated rainfall - Soil and water conservation  - Soil and water loss - Soil loss - Surface runoffs
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.0 Woodlands and Forestry - 443.3 Precipitation - 442.1 Flood Control - 415.3 Wood Structural Materials - 412.1 Cement - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731033
Title:Multi-objectives allocation model of water resources and its application in the Shiyang River basin
Authors:Su, Xiaoling (1); Kang, Shaozhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water resources and Architecture Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Kang, S.
     (kangshaozhong@tom.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:128-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The Shiyang River basin is an inland river basin in the Hexi Corridor, Gansu province, northwest China. It is known for its scarce rainfall and fragile ecosystem. Water is a key facter to control the local ecosystem evolution and to constrain social-economic development. The reasonable allocation of water resources is the foundation of water resources sustainable utilization in the basin. Under the three criteria of ecosystem balance, efficiency and equity, a multi-objectives evaluation funcion of water resources allocation was established, in which the ecological objective was described as to satisfy the maximum ecological water requirement, economic objective was maximal net benefit, and social equity objective was minimum mean square error of variability of per capita net benefit for each calculating element. The water resources allocation scenarioes were set from different measurements, such as supply water, saving water, crop plant structure regulation and virtual water trade. The allocation results were obtained through the coupling model of the calculated unit optimal model and water resources transfer simulation model. And a water resources allocation scenario is provided by multi-objective evaluation function.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Crops - Ecosystems - Multiobjective optimization - Resource allocation - Rivers - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Allocation model - Coupling models - Crop plants - Ecological objectives - Ecological water requirements - Economic development - Ecosystem balance - Ecosystem evolution - Gansu province - Hexi corridor  - Inland river basin - Minimum mean square errors - Multi objective - NorthWest China - Optimal model - Per capita - River basins - Social equity - Sustainable utilization - Transfer simulations  - Virtual water trade
Classification code:912.3 Operations Research - 912.2 Management - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 444 Water Resources - 407.2 Waterways - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731069
Title:Effects of modified atmosphere packaging on changes of physiology and quality of pine nut at ambient temperature
Authors:Li, Pengxia (1); Wang, Wei (1); Liang, Lisong (2); Wang, Guixi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agri-Production Process, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (2) The Research Institute of Forestry, The Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
Corresponding author:Wang, G.
     (wanggx@caf.ac.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:324-329
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The changes of postharvest physiology, storage quality and oxidative changes of fatty acid of unshelled pine nut (Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.) 'Korea pine'and shelled pine nut which were cased in 30 μm purple polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag and 30 μm white polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bag, general 40 μm polyethylene(PE) bag, respectively for 180 days at ambient temperature(20-30°C). The results showed that storage condition of low O2, high CO2 correspondingly were achieved by 30 μm purple PVC bag and 30 μm white PVC bag. The 30 μm purple PVC bag and 30 μm white PVC bag were effective to slow down respiratory rate, reduce the losses of soluble total sugars, maintain better-grade percent of pine nut kernels, avoid the decrease of fat content and iodine value, restrain the increase of acid value and peroxide value compared with 40 μm PE bag. Results of the study confirmed that 30 μm PVC bags were advantageous to their quality and storage quality of unshelled pine nut was better than that of shelled pine nut with the same modified atmosphere packaging.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Acids - Chlorine compounds - Customer satisfaction - Fatty acids - Iodine - Packaging - Plastic products - Polyvinyl chlorides - Quality control - Sugar (sucrose)  - Total quality management
Uncontrolled terms:Acid value - Ambient temperatures - Fat contents - Iodine value - Modified atmosphere packaging - Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) - Nut quality - Peroxide value - Postharvest - Respiratory rate  - Storage condition - Storage quality
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 912.2 Management - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 822.3 Food Products - 817.1 Polymer Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 694.1 Packaging - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.060
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731021
Title:Effects of conservation tillage on aggregate stability of paddy soil in hilly region
Authors:Tang, Xiaohong (1); Wei, Chaofu (2); Lü, Jiake (2); Luo, Youjin (2); Xie, Deti (2); Pan, Genxing (3); Zeng, Xibai (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Urban and Rural Development, Sichuan Agricultural University Dujiangyan Campus, Dujiangyan 611830, China; (2) College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (3) Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agric. Univ., Nanjing 210095, China; (4) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development for Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Tang, X.
     (tangxiaohong_2005@yahoo.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:49-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Long-term conservation tillage is an effective agricultural management to improve soil structure in severely destroyed paddy soil by increase of soil organic carbon (SOC). More work is still needed to understand the impacts of conservation tillage on the mechanisms of aggregates stability. Soil samples in 0-20 cm layer were adopted from the long-term tillage experiment: (1) paddy-upland rotation and plain culture (rice-rape) (PU-R-RR), (2)no-tillage and ridge culture (rice-fallow) (NT-R-RF), (3) no-tillage and ridge culture (rice-rape) (NT-R-RR) and (4) no-tillage and plain culture (rice-rape) (NT-P-RR). Different pretreatments, such as slaking in fast wetting, wetting and subsequent slaking, were applied to simulate the breakdown mechanisms of aggregates in paddy soil. The results showed that no significant difference of aggregate stability between slaking and wetting pretreatments was observed, while tillage patterns affected greatly aggregate stability. The aggregate stability under slaking and wetting pretreatment ranked in the order of NT-R-RR > NT-P-RR > NT-R-RF > PU-R-RR and NT-P-RR > NT-R-RR > NT-R-RF > PU-R-RR, respectively. The organic carbon concentrations in aggregates were significantly positive related to the aggregates stability under wetting(r=0.626, p<0.01), while low correlation linear relationships were observed under slaking treatment (r=0.432, p>0.05). The results suggest that long-term conservation tillage favorably led to the increase of SOC concentrations in aggregates and the enhancement of aggregates water stabilization.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Aggregates
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Organic carbon - Programmable logic controllers - Soil conservation - Soils - Stability - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate stability - Agricultural management - Breakdown mechanism - Conservation tillage - Fast wetting - Linear relationships - Long-term conservation - Low correlation - No tillage - Paddy soil  - Paddy soils - Pre-Treatment - Pre-treatments - Soil organic carbon - Soil sample - Soil structure
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 406 Highway Engineering - 412.2 Concrete Reinforcements - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.4 System Stability - 732.1 Control Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731047
Title:Agricultural robot vision navigation algorithm based on illumination invariant image
Authors:An, Qiu (1); Li, Zhichen (1); Ji, Changying (1); Zhou, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Corresponding author:An, Q.
     (boyaq@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:208-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Operation along crop row is a basic function of vision navigation for agricultural robot. The complex external factors of working environment in the field, such as existed shadow and weather change etc., make the navigation parameters extracting become more difficult. Aiming at shadow influence problem in vision navigation process of agricultural robot, illumination invariant image based on shadow removal algorithm was introduced. An enhanced OSTU image segmentation method was used, and an optimized Hough transformation algorithm was used to extract crop line, and coordinate transform was applied to obtain navigation parameters. Finally, tests of following crop row showed that shadow removal method based on illumination invariant image satisfied real-time requirement of system and improved the robustness of extracting navigation parameters under variable daylight illuminants.
Number of references:11
Main heading:Navigation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Computer vision - Crops - Real variables - Robots
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural robot - Automatic guidance - Basic functions - Co-ordinate transform - External factors - Hough Transformation - Illumination invariant - Image-based - Navigation parameters - Real time requirement  - Shadow removal - Vision navigation - Weather change - Working environment
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 741.2 Vision - 731.6 Robot Applications - 731.5 Robotics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 655.1 Spacecraft, General - 434.4 Waterway Navigation - 431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731049
Title:Application of optimized support vector machine in HACCP classification of fresh-cut lettuce processing
Authors:Wang, Kaiyi (1); Xu, Hongmin (3); Zhao, Chunjiang (2); Yu, Gang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (3) Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
Corresponding author:Wang, K.
     (wangky@nercita.org.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:219-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An automatic CCPs (critical control points) identification method for lettuce's fresh-cut processing HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point) implementation based on optimized SVM (support vector machine) model was introduced. The CCPs identification tests which use the general SVM algorithm showed its weakness because of the man-made kernel selection and the classification results had larger fluctuation. Generic algorithm was used to obtain an optimized kernel function and then the GA-SVM model was proposed. The model had been applied in the CCPs identification of lettuce's fresh-cut processing and the classification accuracy of 87.5% was stabler than the traditional method. The method is also general which can be easily popularized to other HACCP implementations.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Gears - Genetic algorithms - Identification (control systems) - Image coding - Image retrieval - Multilayer neural networks - Optimization - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Classification results - Critical control points - Fresh-cut - Fresh-cut lettuce - Generic algorithm - HACCP - Hazard analysis and critical control points - Identification method - Kernel function  - Kernel selection - SVM algorithm - SVM model - SVM(support vector machine)
Classification code:921.1 Algebra - 921 Mathematics - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 601.2 Machine Components - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.039
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731038
Title:Analysis on working mode of power-split mechanism for hybrid power system
Authors:Cui, Xing (1); Xiang, Changle (2)
Author affiliation:(1) System Engineering Research Institute, China North Industries Group Corporation, Beijing 100089, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Vehicular Transmission, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Cui, X.
     (shugu_bit@126.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:158-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:An optimal procedure for electro-mechanical variable transmission equipped with a planetary gear trains was presented by classifying the connection scheme and calculating the split electric power. The equations of split electric powers which were general in describing the system characteristic were established. The power-split evaluations demonstrated that the input power-split configuration was applicable to hybrid-electric vehicles. The states of power-split and system efficiency according to the internal-combustion engine's characteristic were simulated in Artemis driving cycle, and the results showed that the power-split planetary gear trains was a compact and highly efficient driveline solution for hybrid-electric vehicles.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Automobile engines
Controlled terms:Automobile parts and equipment - Electric machinery - Electric power measurement - Electric vehicles - Epicyclic gears - Locomotives - Railroad cars
Uncontrolled terms:ARTEMIS - Combustion engines - Connection schemes - Drivelines - Driving cycle - Electric power - Electro-mechanical - Hybrid electric vehicle - Hybrid power systems - Input power  - Planetary gear train - Planetary mechanism - Planetary mechanisms - Power split - Power splits - System characteristics - System efficiency - Variable transmission - Working mode
Classification code:705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 682.1.2 Locomotives - 682.1.1 Railroad Cars - 663.2 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Components - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 662.1 Automobiles - 661.1 Automotive Engines - 601.2 Machine Components - 432 Highway Transportation - 662.2 Smaller Vehicles
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731044
Title:Recognition of farm well in land consolidation area using high resolution remote sensing image
Authors:Yue, Anzhi (1); Zhang, Chao (1); Su, Wei (1); Li, Daoliang (1); Ju, Zhengshan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land Resources, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, C.
     (zhangchaobj@cau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:189-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The recognition of small ground-objects, such as farm wells, is one of the most important contents of the remote sensing monitoring in land consolidation. To resolve the low efficiency shortcoming of the traditional correlation coefficient template matching method, gray normalized correlation coefficient of template matching method was presented, which was constraint-based the land reorganization planning map, to recognize the farm wells in land consolidation. The QuickBird image with high spatial resolution in 2006 was selected as the experimental data, and the study area of land consolidation was located in Zhaoquanying, Shunyi District of Beijing. And the algorithm was implemented in the TITAN IMAGE development environment. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of that method could achieve 88.8% when the template image of the farm wells and the threshold of the normalized correlation coefficient were selected appropriately. The result proves the remote sensing monitoring of land consolidation is feasible. Meanwhile, the study is provides a new effective way to recognition of small objects in the land consolidation projects.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Image reconstruction - Land use - Remote sensing - Template matching - Wells
Uncontrolled terms:High resolution remote sensing - Land consolidation - Land reorganization planning map - Normalized correlation coefficient - Recognition
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 512.2 Natural Gas Deposits - 512.1 Petroleum Deposits - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731064
Title:Technology and effect of Phase II composting in compost tunnel
Authors:Xu, Xiuhong (1); Liu, Yanping (1); Wang, Bo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Resources and Environmental Sciences College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Y.
     (lyp830210@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:297-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A compost tunnel was used in this research to conduct Phase II composting, and temperature, pH value, nitrogen content, microbial changes were determined to provide theoretical basis for intensive production of compost for Agaricus bisporus growing. The technique could pasteurize the compost at 57-62°C for 10 h and keep the compost at 45-53°C for 5 d. After Phase II composting, content of nitrogen in compost increased from 1.58% to 1.85%, and pH value decreased from 8.7 to 7.5. Thermophilic bacteria rose from 5.2×10⁸cfu/g to 7.3×10⁸ cfu/g at the third day, and decreased to 2.88×10⁸ cfu/g in the end. Thermophilic actinomycetes and fungus increased from 2.4×10⁵ cfu/g and 3.2×10⁴ cfu/g to 19.6×10⁵ cfu/g and 10.1×10⁴ cfu/g, respectively. The results indicated that after Phase II composting in the tunnel the compost was favorable for growth of the Agaricus bisporus, and the technique was recommended to be applied in large-scale production of high-quality compost of Agaricus bisporus.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Composting
Controlled terms:Bacteria - pH effects - Waste treatment - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Agaricus bisporus - Composting tunnels - High quality - Large-scale production - Nitrogen content - pH value - Phase II - Phase II composting - Theoretical basis - Thermophilic bacteria
Classification code:801.2 Biochemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 461.9 Biology - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 422.1 Test Equipment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.055
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731052
Title:Optimal route searching for the design of rural power transmission line based on improved ant colony algorithms
Authors:Li, Peng (1); Piao, Zailin (1); Wang, Jianwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China; (2) Shenyang Agricultural Power Board, Shenyang 110006, China
Corresponding author:Piao, Z.
     (piaozl@china.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:232-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Selection of route is the most important aspect in the design of power transmission line and directly affects the total project cost and the reliability of operation. The model of global optimal route searching was constructed according to the characteristic of environment and the connective graph was processed. Then, the selection strategy and the pheromone updating method of the basic ant colony algorithm (ACA) was improved. For some content, the influencing factors on the choice of the optimal route such as geological conditions, hydrological conditions and forest land were added to the new algorithm, and the improved ACA was applied directly to search the global optimal route on the model constructed above. Simulation results showed that the method can exactly search out the global optimal route actually.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Optimization
Controlled terms:Adhesive joints - Algorithms - Electric lines - Global optimization - Rural areas - Transmission line theory
Uncontrolled terms:Ant colonies - Ant colony algorithms - Forest land - Geological conditions - Hydrological condition - Improved ant colony algorithm - Influencing factor - Optimal route searching - Optimal routes - Power transmission lines  - Project cost - Simulation result
Classification code:921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921 Mathematics - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 818.5 Rubber Products - 817.1 Polymer Products - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 706.2 Electric Power Lines and Equipment - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 703.1 Electric Networks - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.042
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731037
Title:Best economic working area of three-cylinder internal combustion water pump
Authors:Huo, Wei (1); Zhang, Tiezhu (2); Zhang, Hongxin (1); Zhang, Jipeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (2) Institute of Vehicle Electronic Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Corresponding author:Huo, W.
     (qdhuowei@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:152-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In the area without sufficient electrical power system, internal combustion engines driving water pump system is popularly used in the agricultural irrigation, but it has disadvantages of long way power transmission, low efficiency and large space occupation. Integrating reciprocating combustion engine and plunger pump, internal combustion water pump(ICWP) has transferred the heat energy directly to the hydraulic pressure energy, its efficiency was improved and its configuration became compact. Working principle of the three-cylinder ICWP was expounded and its dynamics model was set up. On the basis of the above, the specific fuel consumption was simulated to find the best working area, and the area's throttle opening was more than 35% and rotational velocity was 1600-1800 r/min. The result has been tested by experiments, and the feasibility of the computation model has been proved. Establishment of the model lays the foundation of further research on the structure of the three-cylinder ICWP.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Smoke
Controlled terms:Combustion - Combustion equipment - Cylinders (shapes) - Engines - Fuels - Internal combustion engines - Pumps - Steel metallurgy
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Combustion engines - Computation model - Dynamics models - Electrical power system - Heat energy - Hydraulic pressure - Internal combustion water pumps - Large spaces - Rotational velocity  - Specific fuel consumption - Throttle opening - Water pump - Working principles
Classification code:545.3 Steel - 612 Engines - 612.1 Internal Combustion Engines, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 617.3 Steam Engines - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 618.2 Pumps - 531.1 Metallurgy - 524 Solid Fuels - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 521.2 Combustors - 522 Gas Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731032
Title:Character of soil air permeability and its relationship with water conductivity in Changwu, loess region of China
Authors:Wang, Weihua (1); Wang, Quanjiu (1); Li, Shuqin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Water and Agriculture Machinery Bureau of Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Mianyang 622750, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Q.
     (wquanjiu@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:120-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:To seek the methods that are fast, direct, inexpensive as well as being used to assess the magnitude and spatial variability of Ks at field scale, we measured air permeability (Ka), bulk density, soil layers, directions, and plant root content under different water content, respectively by using soil air permeability measurement instrument (PL-300) in Changwu county, Shanxi province, and further Ks of undisturbed soil samples (248 cm3) were measured in lab. Results showed that soil air permeability under different influence factors have a certain change law, and a log-log linear relationship between Ka measured at the actual soil-water content (close to field capacity) and Ks were found. The Ks-Ka relationship was in agreement with an earlier predictive relationship. Compared to Loll and Iverson's results, this method was confirmed to be feasible and practical.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Air permeability
Controlled terms:Capillarity - Geologic models - Groundwater - Moisture determination - Permittivity - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Air permeability measurement - Bulk density - Field capacity - Field scale - Forecasting models - Influence factors - Linear relationships - Plant roots - Predictive relationships - Soil layer  - Soil-water content - Spatial variability - Undisturbed soils - Water conductivity
Classification code:944.2 Moisture Measurements - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 444.2 Groundwater - 444 Water Resources - 406.2 Roads and Streets
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731066
Title:Restoration and reutilization evaluation of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands in Yellow River Delta
Authors:Qin, Yuanwei (1); Zhao, Gengxing (1); Wang, Jing (2); Cheng, Jinnan (1); Meng, Yan (1); Dong, Chao (1); Lei, Tong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Land Use, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, G.
     (zhaogx@sdau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:306-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands are important land resources that are prepared to be developed. Taking Yellow River Delta as study area, restoration and reutilization evaluation of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands with the purpose of agriculture use was carried out. The evaluation units were produced by overlaying soil map with land-use map, and evaluation factors were chosen by cluster analysis and Delphi method. Then the weights of factors were determined by analytic hierarchy process method and the grades of restoration and reutilization about coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands were evaluated by fuzzy evaluation method. The results showed that the potentiality of restoration and reutilization of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands was great. The first and the second grades were 33.73% of the whole area, the third and the fourth grades were 42.54%, and the fifth and the sixth grades were only 23.73%. The grades of restoration and reutilization of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands were greatly affected by soil salt content, groundwater mineralization and depth and land use degrees. Also the grades were closely influenced by the distance away from the Yellow River and Bohai Sea and improved from seaside to inland gradually. The closer the lands are away from the Yellow River, the higher their grades are. This study explores the evaluation method of restoration and reutilization of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands, and it has positive significance to sustainable utilization of coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Coastal zones
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Coastal engineering - Decision making - Decision theory - Groundwater - Hierarchical systems - Hydrogeology - Land use - Restoration - Rivers  - Soils - Technological forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Coastal saline - Coastal saline-alkaline degraded lands - Evaluation - Re-utilization - Yellow River delta
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 901.4 Impact of Technology on Society - 961 Systems Science - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 913.5 Maintenance - 481.1 Geology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 402 Buildings and Towers - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 407.2 Waterways - 407.3 Coastal Engineering - 409 Civil Engineering, General - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.057
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731034
Title:No-till planter with reciprocating powered-cutter for wheat permanent raised beds cultivation
Authors:He, Jin (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Li, Hui (1); Zhang, Xuemin (1); Zhang, Xirui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, H.
     (lihongwen@cau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:133-138
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The reciprocating powered-cutter wheat no-till planter, which has the functions of residue-cutting, seeding and bed-renovating, was designed based on the problems of residues blocking and seriously damaged bed shape during the planting of wheat in maize stubble coverage fields under the condition of permanent raised beds (PRB) in irrigation agricultural region of northwest China. This planter used the way combining the vertical residue-cutting by powered cutter and horizontal residue-cutting by knife shaped opener to solve blocking. Furthermore, the columniform and cultivated-type plough was adopted to renovate the beds. The field experiment showed that the planter was effective in solving blocking and renovating the beds. The mean seeding and fertilizing depths were 46 mm and 91 mm, respectively, and good uniformity was shown. In conclusion, the planter could meet the requirements of wheat no-till planting in PRB farming system in irrigation agricultural region of northwest China.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Cutting - Cutting equipment - Irrigation
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-blocking - Farming system - Field experiment - No-till - No-till planter - No-till planters - NorthWest China - Raised beds
Classification code:502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 606.2 Abrasive Devices and Processes - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731018
Title:Estimation of infiltration parameters for border irrigation based on SIRMOD method and modelling of border irrigation
Authors:Zheng, Hexiang (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Zhu, Min (1); Liu, Hongyun (3); Gonçalves, José Manuel (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot 010018, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Huhhot 010020, China; (3) Shahaoqu Experiment Station, Administrative Bureau of Jiefang Brake of Hetao Irrigation District, Bayannaoer 015400, China; (4) Institute of Agriculture Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon in Portugal, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
Corresponding author:Shi, H.
     (shi_haibin@sohu.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:29-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Infiltration parameter is one of the most important indexes in both irrigation schedule design and irrigation efficiency evaluation for surface irrigation. Most methods used currently to estimate the parameters have the disadvantages in low efficiency and precision. SIRMOD method was employed to estimate the infiltration parameters for border irrigation under the condition of wheat planting. The results showed that the errors of the infiltration rates were less than 2.0% calculated by Maheshwari and SIRMOD methods, respectively. Multi-irrigation alternatives were modeled by SIRMOD and the optimum irrigation quota and irrigation flow with high irrigation efficiency different water deficient conditions. The field experiments were carried out using the modeled results. The observed data from the field experiments verified the agreement with the modeled results.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Experiments - Parameter estimation - Seepage - Soil mechanics
Uncontrolled terms:Border irrigation - Field experiment - Infiltration parameters - Infiltration rate - Irrigation distribution uniformity - Irrigation efficiency - Irrigation quotas - Irrigation schedule - Observed data - Surface irrigation
Classification code:407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731017
Title:Infiltration capacity and parameters of freezing and thawing soil under different surface coverages
Authors:Zheng, Xiuqing (1); Chen, Junfeng (1); Xing, Shuyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, X.
     (zxq6818@sina.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:23-28
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to discover the differences of infiltration capacity and the variation of infiltration parameters of freezing and thawing soil under different surface coverages, a series of field soil infiltration tests of bare plot, plastic film mulched plot and corn straw mulched plot had been conducted. The results showed that the infiltration capacity of frozen soil was mainly affected by the frost layers, and the frozen layers were the control interface of the infiltrating water. The freeze-thaw characteristic was the main factor which influences the infiltration capacity under different surface coverages. The process of water infiltrating into freeze-thaw soil could be expressed by the three parameters Kostiakov empirical model. The accumulated infiltration within one minute decreased with increasing of thickness and density of frozen layers and increased with increasing the numbers of freeze-thaw cycles, the decay rate of soil infiltration capacity decreased as the thickness and frost density increased, the stable infiltration rate changed with the changes of soil freezing status and the hydraulic properties at the infiltration front. The three parameters of soil infiltration were related to soil moisture and frost depth. In all plots the infiltration parameters gradually declined with increasing the frost depth, and recovered as the soil thawed. The results have great significance for agricultural production and soil-water conservation.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Soil mechanics
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Decay (organic) - Freezing - Frozen soils - Geologic models - Groundwater - Protective coatings - Seepage - Soil conservation - Soil moisture  - Soil testing - Thawing - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Control interfaces - Corn straws - Decay rate - Empirical model - Field soil - Freeze-thaw - Freeze-thaw cycles - Freezing and thawing - Frost layers  - Frozen layer - Hydraulic properties - Infiltration capacity - Infiltration parameters - Infiltration rate - Kostiakov model - Soil freezing - Soil infiltration - Soil-water conservation - Surface coverages  - Three parameters
Classification code:822.2 Food Processing Operations - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 813.2 Coating Materials - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 539.2.2 Protecting Materials - 444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 444.2 Groundwater
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731040
Title:Reliability test of diesel engine fueled with biodiesel
Authors:Wang, Zhong (1); Xu, Guangju (1); Huang, Huilong (1); Wang, Lin (2); Zha, Hong (2); Ma, Jinrong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Nanjing Iveco Motor Company Limited, Nanjing 210000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Z.
     (wangzhong@ujs.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:169-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The 1000-hour reliability bench test of diesel engine fueled with B5 biodiesel was completed. The engine parameters such as fuel consumption, lubricant oil consumption, power, torque, piston leakage volume and exhaust temperature before and after the reliability test were measured. The lubricant chromatographic analysis was made, and the main engine parts were disassembled and analyzed. The results showed fuel consumption and oil consumption increased slightly after the reliability test, and the power, torque and exhaust temperature decreased at different degrees while the piston leakage volume increased. The difference of gas emission such as CO between B5 biodiesel and diesel was not too big. The engine lubricating oil contained unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester and aroused lubricant metamorphism. Some carbon deposition exised in the fuel injector, valve and piston, and shadow scratch existed in piston skirt and piston ring attrition normally.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Engine pistons
Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Chromatographic analysis - Diesel engines - Engines - Esters - Fatty acids - Fuels - Gas emissions - Leakage (fluid) - Lubricating oils  - Piston rings - Reliability - Steel metallurgy
Uncontrolled terms:Before and after - Bench tests - Carbon deposition - Engine parameter - Engine parts - Exhaust temperature - Fuel injectors - Leakage volumes - Lubricant oil - Oil consumption  - Performance reliability - Piston skirts - Reliability test - Unsaturated fatty acids
Classification code:612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 617.3 Steam Engines - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 612 Engines - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 801 Chemistry - 607.1 Lubricants - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.1 Sewage - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 531.1 Metallurgy - 545.3 Steel - 523 Liquid Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731061
Title:Effects of defoamers on growth and hydrogen production process of photosynthetic bacteria
Authors:Li, Gang (1); Zhou, Xuehua (1); Yue, Jianzhi (1); Zhang, Quanguo (1); Jing, Yanyan (1); Shen, Xiangwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Corresponding author:Li, G.
     (energy789@sina.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:278-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to eliminate the hazards of foam in the process of hydrogen production by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB), tributyl phosphate, stearyl alcohol, rapeseed oil and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate were used as defoamers in the experiments. The results showed the hydrogen yield increased with addition of rapeseed oil and stearyl alcohol by 5.4% and 3.95%, and rapeseed oil and stearyl alcohol had better capability to decrease the foam than the others. The growth of PSB was inhibited by tributyl phosphate which was covered the surface of culture medium. To reach max cell concentration, the growth time of PSB increased by 48 h and hydrogen yield decreased by 17.88% when sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was used as the defoamer. The rapeseed oil economy adding amount was 0.05% when it was covered the surface of culture medium in the process of hydrogen production by PSB.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Hydrogen production
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Cell culture - Gas producers - Organic polymers - Phosphates - Photosynthesis - Sodium - Vegetable oils - Well stimulation
Uncontrolled terms:Cell concentrations - Culture medium - Defoamer - Defoamers - Growth time - Hydrogen production process - Hydrogen yields - Photosynthetic bacterias - Rapeseed oil - Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate  - Tri-butyl phosphate
Classification code:822.3 Food Products - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 741.1 Light/Optics - 522 Gas Fuels - 512.2.2 Development Operations - 512.1.2 Development Operations - 461.9 Biology - 461.8 Biotechnology - 549.1 Alkali Metals
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.051
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731036
Title:Optimization design of structural parameters of rotational flow self-priming pump body
Authors:Wang, Chunlin (1); Liu, Hongguang (1); Si, Yanlei (1); Wu, Zhiwang (1); Yi, Tongxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, C.
     (wangzha@pub.zj.jsinfo.net)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:146-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Based on orthogonal design, optimization design of rotational flow self-priming pump was done through large eddy model simulation (LES) by using CFD software, and the influence of pump body geometrical parameters on its performance was studied. Orthogonal scheme of four factors and three levels was designed, and the influence orders of geometrical parameters on head and efficiency at design point, head and efficiency at the best efficiency point, and maximum self-suction height were gotten by using range analysis of the calculated data. The optimal parameter combination was received by comprehensive balance analysis of the disposed data result. And performance test of optimal parameter combination was accomplished, and the reliability of theoretical calculation was proved. The calculation and analysis results were instructive to the optimization design of rotational flow self-priming pump.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Atmospheric boundary layer - Computer software - Data handling - Design - Pumps - Rotational flow - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis results - Balance analysis - Best efficiency point - CFD softwares - Design points - Geometrical parameters - Large eddy model - Large eddy model simulation (LES) - Optimal parameter combinations - Optimization design  - Orthogonal design - Performance tests - Range analysis - Self priming pumps - Structural parameter - Theoretical calculations
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 902.1 Engineering Graphics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 618.2 Pumps - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 408 Structural Design
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731025
Title:Dynamic simulation of soil water-salt using BP neural network model and grey correlation analysis
Authors:Yu, Guoqiang (1); Li, Zhanbin (1); Zhang, Xia (3); Li, Peng (1); Liu, Haibo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; (3) Research and Design Institute of Environmental Science of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710061, China
Corresponding author:Yu, G.
     (yuguoqiang23@sina.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:73-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil water-salt dynamic under natural-artificial-biological conditions was studied with measured data of Luohui trench irrigation district in Shaanxi Province based on application of backpropagation(BP) networks of three layers, and then the additional momentum method and self adaptive tactic for training were adopted to feed forward BP neural networks. On the basis of the condition above, a sensitivity analysis about soil salt content and soil alkalinity was conducted according to each input factor by using default factor method, and the grey correlation analysis method was applied to certify the results. The results showed that the artificial neural networks model could express quantitatively the response relationship between groundwater dynamic and various factors with sufficient high accuracy. Soil water content, salt concentration of groundwater, and evaporation capacity were the main sensitive factors for soil water-salt dynamic in this irrigation district, the interaction amongst various factors formed coupling relationship under the complicated condition. The grey correlation analysis method could further verify the sensitivity degree amongst various factors. The combination of the above methods provides feasible method for analyzing the rules of soil water-salt dynamic under the condition of shallow groundwater depth during crop growing season, and it is complement and perfection for the traditional research methods of groundwater water-salt dynamic.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Neural networks
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Computer simulation - Correlation methods - Cultivation - Dynamic response - Geologic models - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hydrogeology - Irrigation  - Sensitivity analysis - Soil moisture - Speech recognition - Underwater soils - Water analysis - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial Neural Network - Backpropagation network - BP neural network model - BP neural networks - Dynamic simulation - Evaporation capacity - Feed forward - Grey correlation analysis - Groundwater dynamics - Groundwater water  - Growing season - Input factors - Irrigation districts - Measured data - Momentum method - research methods - Salt concentration - Self-adaptive - Shallow groundwater - Soil alkalinity  - Soil salt content - Soil water - Soil water content - Three-layer
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 751.5 Speech - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.2 Water Analysis - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 471.1 Oceanography, General
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731030
Title:Splash erosion effects of tillage practices on soil surface roughness under different rainfall conditions
Authors:Zheng, Zicheng (1); He, Shuqin (2); Wu, Faqi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; (2) College of Forestry, SiChuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Z.
     (zichengzheng@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:103-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Soil surface roughness is one of the main factors which affect soi1 erosion in slope farmland. To further determine the splash erosion effects of tillage practices on soil surface roughness, the effects of tillage practices on splash erosion and changes of soil surface roughness were obtained under the conditions of the single and combined rainfall intensity based on the artificial rainfall simulation experiments. The results showed that the slope erosion effects of tillage practices on soil surface roughness were different from contrast slope, raking cropland, artificial hoe, artificial dig to contour slope. Under the condition of rainfall intensity of 0.62 mm/min, splash erosion of upward slope increased firstly, and then decreased, while increased firstly, and then decreased, and increased finally for splash erosion of downward slope and total splash erosion with the change of tillage practices. Soil surface roughness declined for other tillage practices except for raking cropland. Under the rainfall intensity of 1.53 mm/min, splash erosion of each aspect of slopes increased firstly, and then decreased, and increased finally with the change of tillage practices, while soil surface roughness increased, opposite to the changes of contrast slope. Under the combined rainfall intensity, total splash erosion and soil surface roughness of raking cropland were consistent with the changes of contrast slope with the increasing of rainfall intensity. While total splash erosion of slope increased firstly and then decreased for other tillage practices, reverse to the changes of soil surface roughness. The results provide theory basis for revealing the erosion characteristics of soil surface roughness, and at the same time, it can serve for governing soil and water loss of the slope farmland in Loess Plateau.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Metal analysis - Rain - Surface properties - Surface roughness
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial rainfall - Erosion characteristics - Loess Plateau - Rainfall condition - Rainfall intensity - Slope erosion - Soil and water loss - Soil surface roughness - Soil surfaces - Splash erosion  - Tillage practices
Classification code:931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science - 801 Chemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 443.3 Precipitation - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731028
Title:Simulation experiments on source of eroded sediment from slope-gully systems in Loess Plateau
Authors:Wei, Xia (1); Li, Xungui (1); Li, Zhanbin (2); Shen, Bing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-Electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
Corresponding author:Wei, X.
     (wx800322@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:91-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to further clarify the main source of eroded sediment and dynamic changing process from the slope-gully systems in Loess Plateau, eroded sediment source from slope-gully systems was studied in Loess Plateau by using the indoor generalized slope-gully systems model and runoff scouring method, combining with rare-earth elements tracer technique. The results showed that the eroded sediment from slope was greater than that from gully in the experiment, and the eroded sediment yield from the top two meters on the slope accounted for the total sediment yield of 57%-74%. Under the scouring flow of 6, 8, 10 and 14 L/min, eroded sediment from various trace element erosion zones in the slope was in the order of La>Ce>Tb>Sm, but in the flow of 12 L/min, which was in the order of La>Ce>Sm>Tb. Slope erosion and sediment yield as a percentage lasted growth, showing a generally increasing trend of volatility, after 25 minutes it began to decrease. Gully erosion and sediment yield trends and changes were opposite to the slope. The study provides a scientific basis for the management of slope-gully systems in small watershed in Loess Plateau.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Sedimentology
Controlled terms:Cerium - Cerium compounds - Experiments - Lanthanum - Terbium alloys - Trace elements
Uncontrolled terms:Gully erosion - Loess Plateau - Sediment sources - Sediment yields - Simulation experiments - Slope erosion - Small watersheds - Systems models - Tracer technique
Classification code:804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901.3 Engineering Research - 801 Chemistry - 481.2 Geochemistry - 481.1 Geology - 547.2 Rare Earth Metals
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731042
Title:Development and application of the intellectual water level monitor in the water-saving irrigation system
Authors:Yang, Yunjing (1); Zhang, Sheqi (1); Shi, Xinling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, S.
     (zhangsheqi@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:178-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:According to the actual measurement and control requirements of water level of hydraulic accumulator in the energy-saving and water- saving frequency conversion irrigation system, software and hardware of a intellectual water level monitor with high accuracy for measuring and controlling water level were developed based on MCS-51 single chip computer. Some technical shortcomings of common digital liquid level meters, such as the complex calibrating process, the temperature drift of the preset values, and the single and imperfect controlling mode were overcome in this monitor. Some application shortcomings of other digital intellectual meters, such as the requirement of high standard input signal, the complex parameter setting process were abolished in this monitor. The results of the performance test and practical application showed that the system had the stable performance and the convenient operation, as well as the high ratio of performance to cost, so that it was successfully applied in the water saving irrigation.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Computer control systems
Controlled terms:Computer hardware - Energy conservation - Hydraulic accumulators - Irrigation - Monitoring - Water conservation - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Calibrating process - Complex parameter - Energy saving - Frequency conversions - High standards - Irrigation systems - Liquid level - Measurement and control - Performance tests - Single chip computers  - Temperature drifts - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 407.2 Waterways - 444 Water Resources - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731014
Title:Direct calculation method for normal depth of arched section tunnel
Authors:Zhang, Kuandi (1); Lü, Hongxing (1); Wang, Guangqian (2); Fu, Xudong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Corresponding author:Lü, H.
     (lvhongxing@tom.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:8-12
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The arched section is one of the usually adoptive section shapes in flood discharge tunnels and irrigation tunnels, but the analytic expression of normal water depth for this section is not explicit. Though the conventional trial and error method or the graph method can be implemented, it is time-consuming and imprecise. The uniform was transformed flow equation into its equivalence, and then the relationship between the relative normal water depth and the introduced dimensionless parameter was analyzed. Finally, by fitting the relationship based on the theory of optimization and regression, a direct expression for calculating the normal water depth of arched section channel was proposed. The practical example and error analysis illustrated the validity and effectiveness of the proposed direct expression. The absolute value of the maximum relative error was not greater than 0.24 percent among the utility range of engineering (the ratio of normal water depth to arch radius was from 0.20 to 1.55). The proposed method is clear in course, simple in calculation, and can be regarded as a useful supplement to the engineering design and the compilation of the hydraulic structure design handbook.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Arches - Curricula - Error analysis - Gene expression - Hydraulic models - Hydraulic structures - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Analytic expressions - Arched section - Dimensionless parameters - Direct calculation - Engineering design - Flood discharge tunnel - Flow equations - Maximum relative errors - Trial-and-error method  - Water depth
Classification code:921.6 Numerical Methods - 461.8.1 Genetic Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 611 Hydroelectric and Tidal Power Plants - 632.1 Hydraulics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 901.2 Education - 446.2 Related Hydraulic Structures - 422.1 Test Equipment - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 407.2 Waterways - 401.1 Bridges - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731043
Title:Comparison of two fitting methods of NDVI time series datasets
Authors:Wu, Wenbin (1); Yang, Peng (1); Tang, Huajun (1); Zhou, Qingbo (1); Ryosuke, Shibasaki (3); Zhang, Li (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing and Digital Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; (3) Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
Corresponding author:Tang, H.
     (hjtang@mail.caas.net.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:183-188
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The fitting of NDVI time series datasets is to minimize the effects of anomalous values caused by atmospheric haze and cloud contamination, and to reconstruct high-quality NDVI data for parameters inversion and information extraction. A comparative study on two well-known fitting approaches of NDVI time series data, namely, Savitzky-Golay filtering and asymmetric Gaussian function fitting, was described in China using both direct and indirect comparison methods. The results showed that these two methods generally presented a similar performance and a high agreement in data filtering in China, but regional differences existed between them. The main reason for their discrepancies was related to the methodological differences between these two methods, as well as the landscape heterogeneity in different regions. This comparative study can help users to understand the advantages and limitations of each fitting method, and choose the appropriate method to reduce the errors and improve the accuracy in their applications.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Time series analysis
Controlled terms:Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Asymmetric Gaussian function fitting method - Fitting functions - Gaussian functions - Savitzky-Golay - Savitzky-Golay filtration method
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731048
Title:Design of wireless sensor network node for field information acquisition
Authors:Zhang, Ruirui (1); Zhao, Chunjiang (1); Chen, Liping (1); Xu, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Information Technology in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100097, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, C.
     (zhaocj@nercita.org.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:213-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Timely and correct getting field information is the foundation of implementation of precision agriculture. Four typical wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes for field information acquisition were analyzed. Necessity of designing small-size and long-life field information acquisition WSN node was proposed. Node hardware structure was presented. The RF communication circuit was designed based on ATmega128L and CC1000. The choice and index parameters of sensor for soil moisture/temperature/conductivity, air moisture/temperature and illuminance were listed. Design of software was described. A priority-based static task scheduling mechanism was realized on the node. SYNC frame of S-MAC was integrated with RTS/CTS frame, and a dynamic scheduling mechanism in the sleeping period was added in the integration. A networked long period sleeping mechanism was completed in the communication protocols. Curve of node system voltage change and curve of handling capacity were given after experimental study. The experiment results demonstrated that the node could handle 6 packets per second and can work 150 days continuously, under the conditions of 20 nodes full-coverage networks and 10 minutes sampling cycle. Therefore, the nodes can meet the demand of field information collecting in precision agriculture.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Wireless sensor networks
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Communication - Energy conservation - Mergers and acquisitions - Network protocols - Scheduling - Sensor networks - Software design
Uncontrolled terms:Communication energy - Communication protocols - Dynamic scheduling - Energy saving strategy - Experimental studies - Field information acquisition - Handling capacity - Hardware structures - Information collecting - Precision Agriculture  - Priority-based - RF communication - RTS/CTS - Static task scheduling - System voltage - Wireless sensor
Classification code:912.2 Management - 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 732 Control Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 723.1 Computer Programming - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 525.2 Energy Conservation
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731071
Title:Effect of high pulsed electric field on biomechanical properties of fruits and vegetables
Authors:Wu, Yali (1); Guo, Yuming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Y.
     (guoyuming99@sina.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:336-340
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the pre-processing of fruits and vegetables attacked by high pulsed electric field (HPEF) to a degree that the tissue cells are broken down reversibly, it is needed to further study the effects of the HPEF processing parameters on the biomechanical properties of fruits and vegetables in relative to the vacuum freeze-drying rate and energy consumption. The influential mechanism of HPEF on the biomechanical properties of carrots, white radishes and apples was investigated. Shear strength, elastic moduli, firmness and compression yield strength were selected as the material properties to evaluate effects of HPEF treatment. Test results showed that: the shear strength, compression yield strength and elastic moduli of the materials were lower than those of the control groups; the firmness of carrots was lower, while the firmness of the white radishes and apples was higher than that of the control groups. According to the multiple regression analysis with SAS software, the processing parameters of HPEF were determined and mathematical model was estabished, which provided technical supports for vacuum freeze-drying practice.
Number of references:13
Main heading:Elastic moduli
Controlled terms:Biomechanics - Dewatering - Electric field measurement - Electric fields - Electric properties - Fruits - Low temperature drying - Mathematical models - Regression analysis - Shear strength  - Vacuum - Vegetables - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Biomechanical properties - Broken down - Control groups - Drying rates - Energy consumption - High pulsed electric field - Material property - Multiple regression analysis - Pre-processing - Processing parameters  - Pulsed electric field - Technical support - Test results - Tissue cells - Yield strength
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 633 Vacuum Technology - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 422.2 Test Methods - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.062
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731070
Title:Characteristics of hot air drying of candied prunes and representation model
Authors:Li, Biansheng (1); Liu, Weitao (1); Li, Dandan (1); Yu, Yuming (1); Zhu, Zhiwei (1); Ruan, Zheng (1); Liu, Yun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
Corresponding author:Li, B.
     (febshli@scut.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:330-335
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The drying characteristics of candied prunes at different hot air drying temperatures were investigated, and the moisture content of the prunes in different hot air drying could be predicted by establishing the mathematical models. The results showed that drying process of prunes occurred in the falling rate period, and the moisture transfer was controlled by internal diffusion. The drying rate was significantly influenced by temperature at the range of 40-80°C (P<0.05). The drying rate decreased by 42.33% from 3.52×10^-2 g/(g&middoth) to 2.03×10^-2 g/(g&middoth) at 40°C while the drying rate decreased by 71.17% form 14.64×10^-2 g/(g&middoth) to 4.22×10^-2 g/(g&middoth) at 80°C during the drying period of 2 h. And temperature range from 80-100°C showed lower influence on drying rate (P>0.05) due to the case hardening effect. Modeling study indicated that Page equation could be suitable to describe the drying process of prunes according to the coefficients of determination (R², x²), and good agreement was found when random experimental data was compared with equation prediction. Drying rate equation calculated by the Page equation had good coincidence with experimental study. The results can provide technical bases for the control of drying technology.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Curing
Controlled terms:Case hardening - Dewatering - Drying - Mathematical models - Moisture control - Moisture determination
Uncontrolled terms:Drying characteristics - Drying process - Drying rate equations - Drying rates - Drying technology - Experimental data - Experimental studies - Falling-rate period - Hot air drying - Internal diffusion  - Modeling studies - Moisture contents - Moisture transfer - Representation model - Temperature range
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 818.3 Rubber and Elastomer Processing - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 642.1 Process Heating - 545.3 Steel - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 731.3 Specific Variables Control
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.061
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731029
Title:Laboratory simulation experiment on chemical transport from soil to surface runoff
Authors:Tian, Kun (1); Huang, Chihua (2); Zhang, Guangjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Recourses and Environment, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Shaanxi, Yangling 712100, China; (2) USDA-ARS National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2077, United States
Corresponding author:Huang, C.
     (jsyang@issas.ac.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:97-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Although there is a conceptual understanding on chemical transport from soil to surface runoff, there are little literature and research results actually quantifying those individual processes. A laboratory flow cell and experimental procedures to quantify chemical transport from soil to runoff by each of the individual processes: i.e., 1 soil erosion; 2 Bernoulli effect; 3 diffusion; and 4 convention were developed. Different vertical hydraulic gradients were imposed by setting the flow cell to saturation condition and artesian seepage conditions. Additional quantitative data describing the contribution from each individual chemical loading process under different surface runoff and soil hydrologic conditions were obtained. The experimental data clearly demonstrated that Bernoulli effect caused increased chemical transport from soil into surface runoff. Under saturation condition, with increasing of runoff flow rate from 55 mL/s to 250 mL/s, bromide loss flux caused by Bernoulli effect was augmented from 14% to 53% from soil into surface runoff. According to the data, the mixing zone depth was gotten by mixing theories under saturation condition and artesian seepage conditions. The mixing zone depth was less than 5 mm under saturation condition, and it changed as hydraulic head and runoff flow rate under artesian seepage conditions. Chemical transport has a significant relationship to surface runoff flow rate and groundwater table.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Groundwater - Hydraulics - Hydrogeology - Seepage - Soils - Solute transport
Uncontrolled terms:Artesian - Bernoulli - Bernoulli effect - Chemical loading - Chemical transport - Conceptual understanding - Experimental data - Experimental procedure - Flow cells - Ground water table  - Hydraulic gradients - Hydraulic heads - Hydrologic conditions - Laboratory simulation - Mixing theory - Mixing zones - Quantitative data - Research results - Saturation conditions - Soil erosion  - Surface runoffs
Classification code:632.1 Hydraulics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 481.1 Geology - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 444.2 Groundwater - 442.1 Flood Control - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways - 444.1 Surface Water
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731059
Title:Aerobic composting effect of kitchen garbage and spent mushroom substrate
Authors:Zou, Dexun (1); Wang, Qunhui (1); Sui, Kejian (2); Pan, Siliang (2); Ma, Hongzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; (2) Civil and Environmental Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Q.
     (wangqh59@sina.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:269-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The corn straws and spent mushroom substrate were utilized as the conditioner for composting of kitchen garbage. The physical and chemical properties as well as maturity changes during the composting processes were investigated. The result demonstrated that spent mushroom was superior to the corn straws during aerobic composting of kitchen garbage. The system could increase to the desired temperature within three days, under a long stable high-temperature period up to nine days, the moisture and organic substrates decreased 19.6% and 20.2%, respectively. Meanwhile, the composting of kitchen garbage mixed with spent mushroom had the merit of less odor production and higher germination index of 55.6% after the first composting treatment.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Chemical properties - Fermentation - Kitchens
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Conditioner - Corn straws - Germination index - Spent mushroom substrates
Classification code:813.1 Coating Techniques - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801 Chemistry - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 712.1 Semiconducting Materials - 461.8 Biotechnology - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 423 Non Mechanical Properties and Tests of Building Materials - 402 Buildings and Towers
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.049
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731016
Title:Hydraulic factors of laterals in subsurface drip irrigation
Authors:Bai, Dan (1); Wang, Xiaoyu (2); Song, Lixun (3); Li, Gang (2); Dang, Zhiliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China; (2) Water Conservancy and Building Engineering Institute, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China; (3) College of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
Corresponding author:Wang, X.
     (cxwxy1@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:19-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:A thorough understanding of pressure and discharge along lateral is needed for efficient design and operation of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) .Test data and distribution of pressure and emitter discharge were obtained by using shorter lateral based on the experiment plan of SDI lateral hydraulic factors .The nonlinear equations describing lateral pressure, emitter discharge and local head loss factor coefficient were established based on the test data and research results of single emitter hydraulic characteristics in SDI. Calculation of nonlinear equations had been translated into the function optimization problem, and the optimization mathematical model was established, the genetic algorithms was adopted to solve the model. The calculated result was validated by test data, and it indicated that the distribution of pressure and discharge along SDI lateral could be described with the nonlinear equations and solution method had the high calculation accuracy. This method lays the foundation of further study the hydraulic factors of SDI lateral.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Nonlinear equations
Controlled terms:Functions - Genetic algorithms - Hydraulics - Mathematical models - Subirrigation - Test facilities
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation accuracy - Efficient designs - Function optimization problems - Head loss - Hydraulic characteristic - Irrigation laterals - Lateral pressures - Research results - Single emitter - Solution methods  - Subsurface drip irrigation - Test data
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.1 Algebra - 632.1 Hydraulics - 422.1 Test Equipment - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 423.1 Test Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731053
Title:Effects of detachable farrowing crate on movement and lying of sows
Authors:Zhu, Haisheng (1); Luan, Dongmei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Animal Science, Rongchang Campus of Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Corresponding author:Luan, D.
     (ldmneau@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:236-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to study the effects of different farrowing crates on sows' behavior, the detachable farrowing crate (DFC) was designed and compared to the conventional rectangular farrowing crate (RFC) with regard to its effect on sows' behavior and productivity of sows and piglets. Four landrace sows farrowed in each system. Feed intake by a sow per day and the average daily gain of piglets were recorded. Behavior was videotaped on the 9th, 11th, 14th and 18th day of lactation. The results showed that compared to RFC sows, DFC sows spent more time on standing (22.74% vs. 6.73%) and less time on sitting(2.22% vs. 7.72%) and lying(72.50% vs. 84.55%), DFC sows also spent 1.13% time on walking, RFC sows couldn't walk. During lactation DFC sows changed posture more often than RFC sows (99 vs. 53). Feed intake by a sow per day in the detachable farrowing crate was more than that in the rectangular farrowing crates, 5.92 kg and 5.24 kg, respectively. The average daily gain of piglets were 229.93 g/d and 224.85 g/d in the detachable farrowing crates and the rectangular farrowing crates respectively. The detachable farrowing crates made more space for sows movement, and sows could express their behavior randomly, thus welfare of sows was improved, feed take of sows and the average daily gain of piglets were increased consequently, production performance of sows were increased.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Animals
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Environmental engineering - Video recording
Uncontrolled terms:Feed intake - Production performance
Classification code:822 Food Technology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 814 Leather and Tanning - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 454 Environmental Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.043
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731046
Title:Design of PLC controll system of precise seeding assembly line for rice seedling nursing
Authors:Yu, Shanshan (1); Zhang, Wenyi (1); Wu, Chongyou (1); Zhang, Min (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
Corresponding author:Yu, S.
     (yushanshan1109@sohu.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:202-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Agronomic techniques require 1or 2 seedlings in one cavity during the super-rice transplanting. It requested low quantity sowing and high uniformity machine transplantation. A high precision seeding assembly with vibration and air-suction for rice seedling nursing was developed to meet the requirements of precision and small quantity in super-rice transplanting. An automatic control system based on PLC (programmable logic controller) was designed. Automatic programming techniques, sensor technology, and acceleration and deceleration control of step-motor were integrated into the system. System controlling software was programmed in the form of ladder diagram by GX-Developer-C V8, realizing accurate positioning of act device and coordinated of the action, and it can connect to PC to realize a real-time monitoring to the process of the sowing. The experiment and test of the seedling assembly indicated that seedling accuracy reached about 1-2 seeds per grid, passing rate of uniformity was 93.8%, space rate was 5.6%, unevenness of feeding rate between plates was 2.5%, operation efficiency reached 490 plates per hour. The automatic control system completely meets the requirements of seedling nursing precise sowing and transplanting for super-rice and conventional rice.
Number of references:14
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Automation - Computer programming - Control - Nursing - Predictive control systems - Process control - Programmable logic controllers - Programmed control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration and deceleration control - Assembly line - Automatic control systems - Control design - Feeding rate - High precision - High uniformity - Ladder diagram - Operation efficiencies - PLC (programmable logic controller)  - Precise seeding - Real time monitoring - Rice seedlings - Sensor technologies
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 723.1 Computer Programming - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732 Control Devices - 732.1 Control Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731020
Title:Effects of long-term irrigation with brackish groundwater on soil microbial biomass in cotton field in arid oasis
Authors:Wang, Guodong (1); Chu, Guixin (1); Liu, Yu (1); Zhang, Wangfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Production and Construction Group Oasis Ecological Agriculture Key Laboratory, Shihezi 832000, China; (2) Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Agronomy College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
Corresponding author:Chu, G.
     (chuguixin@gmail.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:44-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Due to the shortage of fresh water, groundwater is the main resource for irrigation in arid oasia. In the present study, the impacts of ten-year irrigation with brackish ground water on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were compared to those of fresh water in a cotton farming system. The results showed that total salt content changes were significantly greater in soil receiving long-term saline groundwater irrigation (P < 0.05), compared with fresh water irrigation, total soil salt content and exchangeable sodium percentage(ESP) increased by 61.5% and 3.2 times, respectively. In the salt affected soil, total enzyme activities of cellulose, urease, invertase and catalase decreased by 21.3%, 50.9%, 50% and 10.5%, respectively. By contrast, soil alkaline phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing salinity and sodicity. Long time brackish groundwater irrigation caused deleterious effects on soil microbial biomass, with biomass carbon and biomass nitrogen decreasing by 24.4% and 42.4%, respectively. However, no obvious detrimental effect of salinity on soil microbial biomass phosphorus was observed. Microbial biomass and enzyme activities were closely related to soil fertility in cotton fields. Organic matter and total nitrogen with the long-term brackish ground water irrigation decreased by 26.8% and 28.0%, respectively. These results reveal that long-term saline groundwater irrigation not only influences the chemical and physical characteristics of soils, but also directly affects soil biological properties and, therefore, has important implications for soils health and sustainability in arid agricultural areas.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Biomass - Cotton - Enzyme activity - Enzymes - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hydrogeology - Irrigation - Organic compounds - Phosphatases  - Phosphorus - Saline water - Salinity measurement - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural areas - ALkaline phosphatase - Brackish ground water - Brackish water - Chemical and physical characteristics - Deleterious effects - Detrimental effects - Exchangeable sodium percentages - Farming system - Fresh Water  - Groundwater irrigation - Microbial biomass - Organic matter - Polyphenol oxidase - Saline groundwater - Salt content - Salt-affected soil - Sodicity - Soil biological properties - Soil fertility  - Soil microbial biomass - Soil salt content - Total nitrogen
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 801.2 Biochemistry - 444.2 Groundwater - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 444 Water Resources - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731055
Title:Ventilation rate of various vents in plastic covered multi-span greenhouse
Authors:Wang, Shuangxi (1); Wang, Xu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering and Technology College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
Corresponding author:Wang, S.
     (wsx@sxau.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:248-252
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:In order to better understand the microclimate inside a plastic covered multi-span greenhouse, it is essential to investigate the ventilation rate for the performances of various vents in it. For determining and modeling the ventilation rate, the experimental investigation was conducted by making use of the tracer gas technique and decay rate method in the greenhouses with continuous roof vent or with rolling-up roof vent. It was found that the rolling-up vent had a higher ventilation rate (up to 2.32 times) than the continuous roof one, the better ventilation (more than 60% at the wind speed of 3.0 m/s) could be achieved with vents near the ridge of the roof instead of near the gutter, and the obvious reduction (18%-22% at the wind speed of 3.0 m/s) in the rate values when an insect-proof screen was fitted to it, in the case of full opening of the vents. And the experiments confirmed the significant differences in the rate values when they were opened in the different known spaces by comparison between the two vents. Furthermore, for the simplification of the study, the wind effect coefficient Cw and discharge coefficient Cd were introduced and determined in values for this kind of greenhouse. The C, in relation to Cw and Cd, was obtained with the consultable value of 0.178 for the continuous roof vent, 0.318 for the rolling-up roof vent for the rates due to wind forces, and Cd was obtained with the consultable value of 0.667 for the continuous roof vent, 0.863 for the rolling-up roof vent for the rates due to buoyancy effect in related situations.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Vents
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Decay (organic) - Greenhouses - Offshore pipelines - Roofs - Wind effects
Uncontrolled terms:Buoyancy effect - Coefficient c - Decay rate - Discharge coefficients - Experimental investigations - Microclimate - Multi-spans - Roof vent - Tracer gas - Ventilation rate  - Wind forces - Wind speed
Classification code:619.2 Tanks - 619.2.1 Tank Accessories - 631 Fluid Flow - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 801.2 Biochemistry - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 619.1.1 Pipe Accessories - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 402 Buildings and Towers - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 522 Gas Fuels
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.045
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731072
Title:Model for vibration-cumulative bruising of fruit based on fatigue damage theory
Authors:Lu, Lixin (1); Zhou, Dezhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Packaging Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Food Packaging Techniques and Safety of China National Packaging Corporation, Wuxi 214122, China
Corresponding author:Lu, L.
     (niyuany@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:341-344
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Fatigue vibration is one of the key factors causing fruit bruising during transportation. A model for vibration-cumulative bruising of fruit was developed based on the Palmgren-Miner fatigue damage theory, and the relativity between the bruise properties and vibration excitation were investigated. The fatigue bruising vibration and critical bruising vibration experiments were conducted for crystal pears under sine excitations of varied acceleration and numbers. The parameters of the model for vibration-cumulative bruising of pear fruit were obtained. According to the produce classification standard of China for pear, the critical bruising volume of high-class pear fruit was calculated, and corresponding vibration excitation threshold was presented. The model predictions agreed well with the experimental data. The research results provide technical bases for recognizing the mechanism of vibration-cumulative bruising of fruit and packaging the fruit for relaxing the vibration.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Fatigue damage
Uncontrolled terms:Classification standard - Experimental data - Fatigue damage theory - Key factors - Model prediction - Pear fruit - Research results - Vibration excitation - Vibration experiment
Classification code:421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.063
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731057
Title:Kinetic models and effect of temperature on ethanol production in batch fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain
Authors:Jin, Hui (1); Liu, Ronghou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Biomass Energy Engineering Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Corresponding author:Liu, R.
     (liurhou@sjtu.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:258-262
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The effect of temperature from 25°C to 37°C on ethanol production in batch fermentation of sweet sorghum stalk juice by immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. In addition, kinetic models were studied. The result shows that cell growth is hastened with the increase of temperature, but too high temperature has a negative influence on the cell growth, and the ethanol yield will be decreased. Hinshelwood equation was successfully applied to estimate the kinetics of cell growth and ethanol production. The kinetic parameters at different temperature from 25°C to 34°C were obtained. Based on the estimated parameters, the effect of temperature on the kinetic parameters of cell growth was further studied. An equation was developed and applied to interlink the relationship between yeast cell concentration and temperature as well as substrate concentration in the process of ethanol production in batch fermentation. The experimental results showed that this model could predict the growth pattern very well.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Growth kinetics
Controlled terms:Cell growth - Ethanol - Fermentation - Kinetic parameters - Kinetic theory - Temperature - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Batch fermentation - Effect of temperature - Estimated parameter - Ethanol fermentation - Ethanol production - Ethanol yield - Growth patterns - High temperature - Kinetic models - Negative influence  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains - Substrate concentrations - Sweet sorghum - Yeast cell
Classification code:931.1 Mechanics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 822.3 Food Products - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.2 Biochemistry - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 523 Liquid Fuels - 461.9 Biology - 461.8 Biotechnology - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.047
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731051
Title:Determination of apple firmness using hyperspectral imaging technique and multivariate calibrations
Authors:Zhao, Jiewen (1); Chen, Quansheng (1); Vittayapadung, Saritporn (1); Chaitep, Sumpun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (2) Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Corresponding author:Chen, Q.
     (chenjiang0518@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:226-231
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Hyperspectral imaging technology is applied to nondestructive quality determination of agricultural and food products. It has a greater advantage of combining spatial image and spectral measurement which can determine both external and internal quality of the product. Feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging technique and multivariate calibrations to determine apple firmness was studied. Forecasting model of apple firmness was established by effective spectral information extracted in hyperspectral image. Support vector regression (SVR) and partial least square (PLS) were applied comparatively to calibrate model. The result showed that the optimal spectral range of apple firmness was 785.11-872.45 nm. The SVR calibration model was superior to PLS model in fruit firmness determination. The correlation coefficient between the hyperspectral imaging prediction results and reference measurement results was R=0.6808 in the prediction. In conclusion, hyperspectral imaging technique can be applied to determine apple firmness.
Number of references:10
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Calibration - Image processing - Imaging systems - Interferometry - Multivariable systems - Spectrum analysis - Spectrum analyzers
Uncontrolled terms:Apple firmness - Calibration model - Correlation coefficient - Determination - Firmness - Forecasting models - Fruit firmness - Hyper-spectral images - Hyperspectral Imaging - Internal quality  - Measurement results - Multivariate calibration - Non destructive - Partial least squares - PLS models - Quality determination - Spatial images - Spectral information - Spectral measurement - Spectral range  - Support vector regressions
Classification code:961 Systems Science - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941 Acoustical and Optical Measuring Instruments - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 942 Electric and Electronic Measuring Instruments - 943 Mechanical and Miscellaneous Measuring Instruments - 944 Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 921 Mathematics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 746 Imaging Techniques - 741 Light, Optics and Optical Devices - 731.1 Control Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 902.2 Codes and Standards
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.041
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731060
Title:Effects of reducing high-acid of biodiesel feedstock with high acid value by carbon-based solid acid
Authors:Wang, Du (1); Su, Youyong (1); Wang, Hua (2); Wu, Zhenfen (1); Chen, Fei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, China; (2) Engineering Laboratory of Bioenergy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Corresponding author:Su, Y.
     (suyouyong1969@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:274-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Using carbon-based solid acid as catalyst synthesized from starch and P-Toiuene Suitonic acid, oleic acid as raw materials to simulate the high acid value of raw materials for biodiesel was explored to reduce the acid value, and the amount of catalyst, the ratio of methanol to oleic acid, reaction temperature, reaction time and reusability were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined with the single factor and orthogonal tests. The experimental results showed that the conversion rate of oleic acid was 78.82% by following conditions: the ratio of methanol to oleic acid was 1:4 (W/W), carbon-based solid acid was 6.5% (W/W) as catalyst, esterification reaction temperature was 85°C and reaction time 6 h. The conversion rate still maintained above 70% after repeatedly using 6 times. The carbon-based solid acid catalyst has high catalytic activity, easy separation, good stability.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Acids
Controlled terms:Biodiesel - Catalysis - Catalyst activity - Esterification - Esters - Methanol - Oleic acid - Raw materials - Reusability - Synthetic fuels
Uncontrolled terms:Acid value - Biodiesel feedstock - Carbon-based solid acid - Catalytic activity - Conversion rates - Esterification reactions - Good stability - Optimum conditions - Orthogonal test - Reaction temperature  - Reaction time
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 524 Solid Fuels - 523 Liquid Fuels - 522 Gas Fuels - 452.3 Industrial Wastes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.050
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731074
Title:Factors affecting reverse micelle extraction of protein and mechanism
Authors:Zhao, Xiaoyan (1); Xue, Wentong (2); Chen, Fusheng (3); Li, Lite (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (2) College of Food Science and Nutrition Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (3) Scientific Research Department, Henan University of Technology, Henan 450052, China
Corresponding author:Chen, F.
     (Fushengc@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:354-360
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The study was focused on the factors affecting AOT reverse micelle extraction of protein and mechanism, which could explain the reason for the extraction yield changes when extracting and separating protein and oil from AOT reverse micelle, and could further understand the mechanism of separation biomolecules using reverse micelle extraction. The results indicated that the molar ratio of water to surfactant (W0) increased with the increase of the viscosity of reverse micelle, and the capacity of extracting protein and oil from reverse micelle increased. According to Gibbs formula, it was concluded that reverse micelle of 0.08 g/mL AOT showed the higher interface activity and moisture (W0), which was in favor of the protein and oil extraction in reverse micelle. The structure of reverse micelle was investigated by fluorescence spectra and conductivity methods. The results showed that the reverse micellar system was quite stable at W0=11~14, [AOT]≥0.06 g/mL, and the AOT reverse micelle system seemed a combination type of a nonpercolation system and a percolation system, and the conductivity could reflect the changes of reverse micelle phase.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Micelles
Controlled terms:Extraction - Moisture - Phase interfaces - Proteins - Solvents - Surface active agents - Surface properties - Surface tension - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:AOT reverse micelles - Conductivity - Conductivity method - Extraction yield - Fluorescence spectra - Molar ratio - Oil extraction - Percolation systems - Protein surface - Reverse micellar system  - Reverse micelles
Classification code:951 Materials Science - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 813.2 Coating Materials - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.066
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731023
Title:Effects of controlled root-divided irrigation on transport and utilization of water and nitrogen in maize rootzone soil
Authors:Liu, Xiaogang (1); Zhang, Fucang (2); Yang, Qiliang (1); Tian, Yufeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650024, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, F.
     (zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:61-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The object of this study was to explore the effect of irrigation method on transport and utilization of water and nitrogen, the pot experiment was conducted about three irrigation methods (conventional irrigation, alternate partial rootzone irrigation, fixed partial root-zone irrigation) and four levels of nitrogen. The influence of different irrigation methods on dynamics and utilization of water and nitrogen in rootzone soil was studied. Results showed that soil NO3^--N content was positively correlated with the amount of nitrogen application, soil NO3^--N content on both sides of the rootzone of alternative irrigation was evenly distributed, and the soil NO3^--N accumulation in dry side was significantly greater than that in wet side of fixed irrigation. The NO3^--N residue in upper soil of alternative irrigation was approximately equal with that of conventional irrigation, while the residue in lower soil of alternative irrigation was much more than that of conventional irrigation. The root/shoot ratio of alternative irrigation was the biggest, followed by that of fixed irrigation, and that of conventional irrigation was the least. The water use efficiency of alternative irrigation was 0.99-1.11 times of the conventional irrigation, the irrigation amount of alternative irrigation was 0.75 times of the conventional irrigation, so water-saving effects of alternative irrigation were evident. At the same level of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen absorption of per dry mass of alternate irrigation was the largest, followed by that of fixed irrigation, and that of conventional irrigation was the least.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Soils - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Alternate partial root-zone irrigation - Dry mass - Irrigation methods - Level of nitrogen fertilizer - Maize - N content - Nitrogen absorption - Nitrogen transport - ON dynamics - Pot experiment  - Root/shoot ratio - Utilization of water and nitrogen - Water use efficiency
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.2 Agricultural Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 444 Water Resources - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731063
Title:Utilization status and medium and long-term forecast of crop straw in Heilongjiang Province
Authors:Yao, Zonglu (1); Zhao, Linxin (1); Tian, Yishui (1); Meng, Haibo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, L.
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:288-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Though crop straw resource in Heilongjiang Province was very abundant, distribution of crop straw was different. So in this study, the crop straw resource of Heilongjiang province was detailed surveyed, the crop straw resource and utilization status was obtained and medium and long-term forecast was achieved according to the economic development status. The results showed that main crop straw resource was mainly distributed in the main grain production area, such as Harbin, Suihua and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang province, accounting for 73.8% in the whole province. The utilization of crop straw was main household fuel. The forecast results are that there are about 3.15 million tons and 5.11 million tons of remaining straw resource in 2015 and 2020, respectively, apart from the amount deducted for the competitive usages such as cooking and heating of rural residents, return to field and used as forage. Based on the predicted results of remaining straw resources, Heilongjiang Province could be divided into three type areas, and different utilization technology was suggested in those areas.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Heating
Uncontrolled terms:Economic development - Grain production - Heilongjiang Province - Household fuels - Long-term forecast - Rural residents
Classification code:642.1 Process Heating - 643.1 Space Heating - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.053
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731073
Title:Comparison of two extraction methods of volatile compounds from potato stems and leaves
Authors:Lu, Zhanguo (1); Li, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Z.
     (luzhg@hrbcu.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:350-353
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The extraction of volatile compounds from the mature potato stems and leaves using the hydrodistillation-solvent extraction and microwave assisted-solvent extraction method were studied. The results showed that the yield of the essential oil by hydrodistillation-ether extraction method was 0.533% (m/m); the optimum extraction conditions of the microwave assisted-solvent extraction method in n-hexane solvent were as follows: extraction tempareture was 60°C, extraction time was 9 min and the ratio of solvent to solid was 10:1 (V/m), the yield of the essential oil was 0.528%. The chemical composition of the two essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). In the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation-solvent extraction method, 81 constituents were detected and 43 compounds which occupied 79.386% of total constituents were identified, alcohols (24.789%) were major constituent. In the essential oil extracted by microwave assisted-solvent extraction method, 78 constituents were detected and 36 compounds which occupied 82.226% of total constituents were identified, esters (44.482%) were major constituent. The essential oil extracted by two methods was significantly different in chemical composition.
Number of references:12
Main heading:Solvent extraction
Controlled terms:Chromatographic analysis - Distillation - Essential oils - Esters - Ethers - Hexane - Mass spectrometry - Microwave devices - Microwaves - Organic solvents  - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical compositions - Distillation extractions - Ether extraction - Extraction conditions - Extraction method - Extraction time - Gas chromatographs - Hydrodistillations - Microwave assisted - N-Hexane  - Solvent extraction methods - Volatile compounds
Classification code:822.3 Food Products - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 801 Chemistry - 714 Electronic Components and Tubes - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 715 Electronic Equipment, General Purpose and Industrial
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.065
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731050
Title:Anti-collision technique in the radio-frequency identification system for dairy cattle
Authors:Guo, Wei (1); Qian, Dongping (1); Wang, Hui (1); Huo, Xiaojing (1); Wang, Wendi (1); Li, Jianguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
Corresponding author:Guo, W.
     (gwxtj@yahoo.com.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:222-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The identification of individual dairy cattle is the key and basis of digital dairy cattle feeding. In order to improve sensitivity, accuracy and anti-interference in dairy cattle identification, the whole scheme of the dairy cattle identification system was designed on the basis of in-depth researches of the radio-frequency identification technology. Focusing on the existing multi-tag collision of long distance RFID system, two anti-collision algorithms, namely, the binary search algorithm and slot-Aloha algorithm, were compared systematically, and the improved binary search algorithm was selected and finally the perfect effect was obtained. In the data transmission process, the method that the data with the same bits were not transmitted was used in order to reduce the data exchange time. The experimental results showed that the system prevented the conflicts caused by numerous cows stepping in the frequency field at the same time, making the sensor information match with that of the individual dairy cattle. Owing to the improved binary search algorithm, 38% of transmission time was saved and the identification efficiency was greatly improved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Dairies
Controlled terms:Binary codes - Learning algorithms - Radio - Radio waves
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-collision - Anti-collision algorithms - Anti-interference - Binary search algorithm - Dairy cattles - Data exchange - Data transmission - Frequency field - Identification of individuals - Identification systems  - Long distances - Radio frequencies - RFID systems - Search Algorithms - Sensor informations - Tag collision - Transmission time
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1 Computer Programming - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.040
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20100812731838
Title:Application of electronic tongue on black tea beverage discrimination
Authors:Jiang, Sha (1); Chen, Qinqin (1); Hu, Xuefang (1); Yang, Yang (1); Ni, Yuanying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Processing, Engineering Research Centre for Fruits and Vegetables Processing, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
Corresponding author:Ni, Y.
     (niyuany@163.com)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:345-349
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The study was aimed to detect the application of the electronic tongue on tea beverage. Seven kinds of black tea beverage which was sold in the Chinese market were detected by the electronic tongue (ET) which was based on potentiometric chemical sensors developed by Alpha M.O.S. (Toulouse, France). All data were treated by multivariate data processing based on principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). Those seven kinds of black tea beverage could be well discriminated by the electronic tongue. On the PC1 and PC2 score chart, all kinds of black tea beverage points fell on different districts and did not mix with each other and the discrimination index was 95.38. The results showed that the electronic tongue displayed great application potential in tea beverage quality examination and discrimination of fake tea products. Meanwhile, the research preliminarily discussed the applications of cluster analysis on the electronic tongue data processing.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Electronic tongues
Controlled terms:Beverages - Cluster analysis - Data processing - Industrial research - Principal component analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Black tea - Black tea beverage - Discrimination analysis - Electronic tongue
Classification code:922 Statistical Methods - 912.1 Industrial Engineering - 901.3 Engineering Research - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 822.3 Food Products - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.064
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20100812731837
Title:Greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of rural household biogas CDM project
Authors:Dong, Hongmin (1); Li, Yu'e (1); Zhu, Zhiping (1); Tao, Xiuping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (2) Animal Environmental Facility Surveillance, Inspection and Testing Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
Corresponding author:Dong, H.
     (donghm@mail.caas.net.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:293-296
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Taking Hubei Enshi household biogas project as a case study, greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of installing household biogas digesters was analyzed by using methodologies (AMS-III.R and AMS-I.C) approved by Executive Board (EB) of clean development mechanism (CDM) under United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change. The project involved in 33 000 households in 8 counties of Enshi Prefecture, a mountainous poor area of Hubei Province, China. The analysis showed that installing biogas digesters could reduce CH<inf>4</inf> emission from the manure management by fermenting manure in the biogas digester instead of being stored in a deep pit, and utilize the renewable energy of biogas. It is expected that the installation of biogas digester could reduce GHG emission of 1.43-2.0 t CO<inf>2</inf> equivalent for each household. The estimated annual emission reduction for the project will be 58 444 t CO<inf>2</inf> equivalent.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Continuum damage mechanics - Emission control - Energy policy - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Greenhouses - Installation - Leakage (fluid) - Manures  - Pulp digesters - Renewable energy resources
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas digesters - CDM project - CDM projects - Clean Development Mechanism - Deep pit - Emission reduction - Executive Board - GHG emission - Greenhouse gas emission reduction - Hubei Province  - Manure management - Renewable energies - Rural households - United Nations
Classification code:525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 525.6 Energy Policy - 601 Mechanical Design - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 931.1 Mechanics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 811.1.2 Papermaking Equipment - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 522 Gas Fuels - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 421 Strength of Building Materials; Mechanical Properties - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451 Air Pollution - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.1 Sewage - 452.3 Industrial Wastes
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.054
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.


Accession number:20100812731835
Title:Changes of topsoil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity under infiltration condition of water storage pit
Authors:Ma, Juanjuan (1); Sun, Xihuan (1); Bi, Yuanjie (1); Guo, Xianghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Corresponding author:Sun, X.
     (sunxihuan@tyut.edu.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:39-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:The bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity of topsoil are important physical parameters in studying water infiltration and soil water movement. Soil sections and digital images analysis techniques were used to study the effects of different infiltration heads on bulk density of the topsoil in sandy loam under water storage pit irrigation condition. The effects of different infiltration heads and soil bulk density on saturated hydraulic conductivity were tested. The comparative analysis between tested and computer simulated results of horizontal wetting front was conducted. The results indicated that infiltration head had a remarkable influence on the bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity of topsoil in sandy loam (soil bulk density was 1.345 g/cm³). With the increasing of infiltration head, the topsoil bulk density increased, soil became compact, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of topsoil decreased. The power function could be used to describe the relationship between topsoil saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration head and soil bulk density. With the increasing of soil bulk density, the effect of infiltration head on saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased. When soil bulk density up to 1.466 g/cm³, infiltration head had few influence on saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results explore the micromechanism of the effect of infiltration head on the infiltration characteristics, and provide theoretical foundation for the further research in water storage pit irrigation.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Hydraulic conductivity
Controlled terms:Computational methods - Computer simulation - Irrigation - Seepage - Soil conditioners - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Underwater soils - Water analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis techniques - Bulk density - Comparative analysis - Digital image - Infiltration characteristic - Micro mechanisms - Physical parameters - Power functions - Sandy loams - Saturated hydraulic conductivity  - Simulated results - Soil bulk density - Soil water movement - Theoretical foundations - Under water - Water infiltration - Water storage - Water storage pit - Wetting fronts
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 801 Chemistry - 723.5 Computer Applications - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 632.1 Hydraulics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 471.1 Oceanography, General - 445.2 Water Analysis - 441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 407 Maritime and Port Structures; Rivers and Other Waterways
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20100812731836
Title:Interpretation of salinity characteristics of normal profile in estuarine region by using electromagnetic induction
Authors:Zhang, Tongjuan (1); Yang, Jingsong (1); Liu, Guangming (1); Yao, Rongjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Corresponding author:Yang, J.
     (jsyang@issas.ac.cn)
  
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:25
Issue:11
Issue date:November 2009
Publication year:2009
Pages:109-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Exhibition Road South, Beijing, 100026, China
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of soil salinization in Yangtze River estuary area, normal salinity profile type extensively distributed in the area were studied. Multiple linear regression model between apparent electrical conductivity and soil electrical conductivity was established by using EM38 measurement and field sampling. Based on the analyses of soil salinity profile characteristics, Logistic model was propounded and fitted for all calibration salinity profiles, and the obtained Logistic model was then used to test the validation salinity profiles. The results showed that the horizontal value of electromagnetic apparent electrical conductivity was linearly correlated with the vertical value significantly. Both linear regression model and Logistic model exhibited high precision in simulated and predicted soil salinity. Prediction accuracy between them was statistically insignificant by the model accuracy test, but the Logistic model needed fewer parameters. The study suggested that the Logistic model proposed in this paper could not only reduce the amount of parameters but also had highly predicted precision. The research results can serve as a theoretical reference to the rapid and accurate assessment of soil salinity and the prevention of soil secondary salinization using electromagnetic induction.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Damping - Electric conductivity - Electromagnetic induction - Estuaries - Geologic models - Inductance measurement - Linear regression - Normal distribution - Rivers - Salinity measurement  - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent electrical conductivity - Field sampling - High precision - Interpretation - Linear regression models - Logistic models - Model accuracy - Multiple linear regression models - Prediction accuracy - Research results  - Soil electrical conductivity - Soil salinity - Soil salinization - Yangtze River estuary
Classification code:943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 444.1 Surface Water - 444 Water Resources - 407.2 Waterways - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 481.1 Geology
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2009.11.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc.