<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20210409825406
Title:Estimation of winter wheat leaf area index based on UAV hyperspectral remote sensing
Title of translation:无人机高光谱遥感估算冬小麦叶面积指数
Authors:Chen, Xiaokai (1); Li, Fenling (1, 2); Wang, Yuna (1); Shi, Botai (1); Hou, Yuhao (1); Chang, Qingrui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Northwest Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Fenling(fenlingli@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Leaf Area Index (LAI) is closely related to crop transpiration, photosynthesis, and final yield. Fast, non-destructive, and accurate monitoring of the winter wheat LAI during the critical growth period is an important way to accurately grasp crop canopy structure, growth information, above-ground biomass, yield, and pests. In the past, most of the estimated data of LAI were inverted by ground spectrum, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) multi-spectrum, and satellite multi-spectral remote sensing data. In this study, a low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle platform and an imaging spectrometer were used to obtain hyperspectral remote sensing images of jointing winter wheat in Xianyang city, Shaanxi province, China. The first derivative and continuous spectrum removal spectrum were used to transform the original canopy spectrum at 450-950 nm to extract any two frequency bands Specific. The Ratio Spectral Index (RSI), Differential Spectral Index (DSI), and Normalized Spectral Index (NDSI) were constructed respectively. Combining a narrow-band spectral index, a univariate regression analysis was performed on the best nine narrow-band spectral indices of a class, the original canopy spectrum, the first derivative spectrum, and the three best combinations spectra of any two bands under the continuous spectrum removal spectrum. The index was modeled using multiple linear regression. Two machine learning algorithms (BP neural network and random forest) were used to model a total of nine best narrowband spectral indices under three transformations. By comparing the coefficient of determination, the root mean square error, and the residual prediction deviation, the best estimation model of winter LAI was selected. The results showed that spectral transformation significantly improved the correlation between spectral variables and LAI, and the position with a higher correlation was mainly located in the red edge area. The correlation between the optimal narrow-band spectral index extracted based on the first derivative transform spectrum and the continuous spectrum removal transform spectrum and LAI was nonlinear, which was more suitable for fitting a quadratic function of a variable. Compared with the unary regression model, the accuracy of the multiple linear regression model based on the multi-spectral index was not significantly improved. However, both the multiple regression model and the unary linear regression model showed that the accuracy of the model based on the continuous spectrum transformation spectrum was higher than the accuracy of the model under the original spectrum and the first derivative transformation spectrum. It showed that the continuum removal method was used to transform the spectrum and used for modeling, and the NDSI (738, 822) index based on the continuous removal spectrum had a good LAI estimation ability. Compared with the traditional regression model, the accuracy of the BP neural network model and the random forest regression model constructed with the 9 best narrowband spectral indices as independent variables had been significantly improved. Among them, the random forest regression model had the highest accuracy, because the random forest algorithm modeling could well tolerate some noise and outliers. As long as the parameters were adjusted accurately, overfitting was less likely to occur, and it was more suitable to solve certain nonlinear problems. Based on this model, the spatial distribution of the LAI of winter wheat at the jointing stage in this study area was basically in line with the actual situation, and the LAI estimation accuracy based on the narrow-band spectral index, and random forest algorithm was the highest (the residual prediction deviation was 2.01, the coefficient of determination was 0.77, the root mean square error was 0.27), which could be used as a basic model for hyperspectral remote sensing estimation of winter wheat UAV at jointing stage. The basic model could realize the LAI remote sensing mapping of a small area. It could provide a theoretical basis for later crop growth and variable fertilization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Antennas - Backpropagation - Crops - Decision trees - Dielectric losses - Hyperspectral imaging - Linear regression - Linear transformations - Mathematical transformations - Mean square error - Neural networks - Random forests - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - First derivative spectrums - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image - Multiple linear regression models - Multiple linear regressions - Multiple regression model - Spectral transformations
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.50e-07m to 9.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20210409825953
Title:Uniform flow rate calibration model for flat gate under free-submerged orifice flow
Title of translation:平板闸门自由-淹没孔流统一流量率定模型
Authors:Guan, Guanghua (1); Huang, Yifei (1); Xiong, Ji (2); Jin, Weirong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Hubei International Irrigation and Drainage Research and Training Center, Wuhan; 430072, China; (3) Central Station of Irrigation Experiment in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330201, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:197-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydraulic structures, especially gates, have widely been used to monitor the flow for water measurement in most irrigation districts of China, due mainly to their low investment and easy measuring. However, the detecting accuracy is very limited in the field application in a traditional way, where the maximum error can reach 30% in some cases. It is urgent to enhance the measuring accuracy of water flow with gates in the irrigation water management. Much effort has been made in recent years on the flow rate measurement under a sluice gate, presenting various flow rating models. However, these previous methods almost focus only on one certain flow condition, and much less is known concerning the application of field calibration. In addition, there is remarkable uncertainty in the formulas of empirical coefficients, such as the flow coefficient and submergence coefficient. Most semi-empirical formulas were also derived from under the experimental conditions in a specific laboratory, which are quite different from the actual field application. All of those made it difficult to obtain the precise measurement of flow in the water measurement. The main goal of this study was to propose a feasible flow calculation model in the simple form, particularly suitable for the flow regimes of multiple gates. A 3D hydrodynamic model of actual sluice gate was established to explore the hydraulic characteristics of sluice under different flow conditions, thereby to verify that the selected grid size has no influence on the measurements. A combined 3D numerical simulation and indoor model experiment were carried out with a field prototype observation data, in order to propose a flow calculation model that applied to the multiple flow regimes. The experimental method was first verified the accuracy of calibration model using the measured data. The calibration effect of model was analyzed to apply for the gate in different flow modes, and thereby to check whether it can be used for the free and submerged orifice flow. Furthermore, a field data was used to validate the proposed model with the source of error. One portion of field data was selected to calibrate the model, whereas, another portion to verify the accuracy of model. Finally, a specific case was utilized to evaluate the accuracy of model, where a gate in the middle route of South-to-North Water Transfer project. The measured data collecting in September, 2020, were used for the calibration, and then the data in August, October, and November was used for the verification. The results showed that: 1) The model can be used to determine the flow rate with a relatively high accuracy, where 90.63% of data has less than 5% error; 2) The model can be used for both free and submerged orifice flow rate, where the proportion within 5% error dropped to 86.67%. Using a gate of the South-to-North Water Diversion Middle Line in August, October, and November, the accuracy of model can be verified to achieve 77.64% of data error within 5%, and 95% of data error within 10%. The proposed model is feasible, smooth, and continuous state in field application, thereby it can be expected for the promising way with more rating data to improve the accuracy of gate flow measurement.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Flow rate
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Dams - Drop breakup - Errors - Flood control - Flow measurement - Flow of water - Hydraulic gates - Irrigation - Orifices - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:3-D numerical simulation - Empirical coefficients - Experimental conditions - Hydraulic characteristic - Irrigation water management - Semi-empirical formulas - South to North water diversion - South to North Water Transfer Project
Classification code:441.1 Dams - 442.1 Flood Control - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 631 Fluid Flow - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.76e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20210409826055
Title:Effects of adding defective apple fermentation in rice straw on quality and microbial numbers of mixed silage
Title of translation:添加残次苹果发酵物对稻草青贮品质及其微生物数量的影响
Authors:Ai, Qi (1, 2); Jiang, Hui (1, 2); Guo, Rui (1, 2); Jiang, Tao (1, 2); Su, Huawei (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar; 843300, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, Alar; 843300, China; (3) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Hui(jianghui308@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:316-323
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to fully use the defective apple as rice straw resources in Xinjiang, China. Three lactic acid bacteria in different proportion were added to the defective apple, and fermented for more than 1 month to obtain the defective apple fermentation. Then, an investigation was made to evaluate whether the addition of defective apple fermentation can improve the fermentation quality of rice straw, particularly on an appropriate addition proportion. Mixed silage was carried out according to the weight ratio of defective apple fermentation and rice straw at all in straw (Ⅰ), 1: 9 (Ⅱ), 3: 7 (Ⅲ), 5: 5 (Ⅳ), 7: 3 (Ⅴ), and 9: 1 (Ⅵ), and 3 replicates for each group, then they were fermented for 90 days. The pH value was measured by an acidometer, while the Dry Matter (DM) by dried at 105℃, Crude Protein (CP) by Kjeldahl method, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), and the Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) were determined, Water-Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC) were determined by anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were determined by chromatographic method, and NH<inf>3</inf>-N was determined by phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method. The results showed that the addition of defective apple fermentation products improved the quality of mixed silage. The contents of CP and WSC in a rice straw increased significantly (P < 0.05). After 90 days of silage, the Lactic Acid (LA) contents from group I to Ⅵ was 0.17%, 0.85%, 1.95%, 2.43%, 2.67%, and 2.71%. Acetic Acid (AA) contents from group I to Ⅵ was 0.09%, 0.32%, 0.43%, 0.74%, 0.78%, and 0.85%, respectively. The contents of LA and AA increased with the increase of defective apple fermentation, and obviously lower in group I (without defective apple fermentation) than other groups (P < 0.05). The Butyric Acid (BA) content from group I to Ⅵ was 0.22% 0.08%, 0.05%, 0.03%, 0.09%, and 0.11%. NH<inf>3</inf>-N/TN from group I to Ⅵ was 16.28%, 8.35%, 3.01%, 2.94%, 2.66%, and 2.58%, respectively. The BA, NH<inf>3</inf>-N/TN and pH value decreased with the increase of defective apple fermentation, where in group I significantly higher than other groups (P < 0.05). The pH value, the number of yeasts and molds increased gradually, and the number of lactic acid bacteria decreased gradually under aerobic exposure environment, with the extension of exposure time. During the period of aerobic exposure, the number of lactic acid bacteria in group I was always significantly lower than that in other treatments (P < 0.05), and the number of yeasts and molds was always significantly higher than that of other treatments (P < 0.05), while the number of lactic acid bacteria in groups III and IV was always significantly higher than that in other treatments (P < 0.05), indicating that the number of yeasts and molds remained at a low level. The sensory and comprehensive scores of group I without defective apple fermentation were inferior, and those of rice straw silage groups III and IV added with defective apple fermentation were excellent. Comprehensive evaluation was as follows in order: Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅵ>Ⅱ>I. Therefore, the silage nutritional values of the added defective apple fermentation were improved and the rice straw was softened. Comprehensive analysis results showed that the quality of rice straw silage can be improved by adding the defective apple fermentation in this experiment, and the appropriate proportion of the defective apple fermentation and the rice straw was between 3: 7 and 5: 5. The finding can provide a sound basis for utilization of biologicals.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Chemical resistance
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Aerobic bacteria - Ammonia - Ascorbic acid - Butyric acid - Chromatographic analysis - Colorimetry - Defects - Fermentation - Fruits - Lactic acid - Molds - pH - Propionic acid - Quality control - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Chromatographic methods - Comprehensive analysis - Comprehensive evaluation - Different proportions - Fermentation products - Fermentation qualities - Neutral detergent fiber - Water-soluble carbohydrates
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.47e-01yr, Percentage 1.10e-01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 1.70e-01%, Percentage 1.95e+00%, Percentage 2.43e+00%, Percentage 2.58e+00%, Percentage 2.66e+00%, Percentage 2.67e+00%, Percentage 2.71e+00%, Percentage 2.94e+00%, Percentage 3.00e-02%, Percentage 3.01e+00%, Percentage 3.20e-01%, Percentage 4.30e-01%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 7.40e-01%, Percentage 7.80e-01%, Percentage 8.00e-02%, Percentage 8.35e+00%, Percentage 8.50e-01%, Percentage 9.00e-02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20210409826062
Title:Emission characteristics of volatile matter and identification of odor substances during aerobic fermentation of cattle manure
Title of translation:牛粪好氧发酵挥发性物质排放特征及恶臭物质分析
Authors:Liu, Wenjie (1, 2, 4); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhang, Xi (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (3); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Wang, Liming (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xi(zhangxi@caaepd.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:222-230
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the aerobic fermentation process, a large amount of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) can be produced. They are harmful to human health, while cause environmental pollution, due mainly to the VOCs with the complex component can be important source of odor pollutants. The VOCs vary in a large difference, with various raw materials for aerobic fermentation. So far, there is no report on the emission characteristics of volatile substances that produced by aerobic fermentation of cattle manure. In this study, an aerobic fermentation test was carried out with a period of 30 days, in order to explore the production and emission characteristics of VOCs during aerobic fermentation process of cattle manure. An intermittent forced ventilation way was selected, where the ventilation volume was 10 L/min. The materials were mixed evenly, according to the fresh mass ratio of 18: 6, and the mixture was put into the 60 L fermentation device. The C/N ratio of materials was 26: 1, and the moisture content was about 62%. In addition, a gas chromatogram-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the components and concentrations of VOCs in different fermentation stages, such as mesophilic, thermophilic, cooling and maturity stage. Boric acid solution absorption and hydrochloric acid titration were used to determine the concentration of ammonia gas. A portable detector was selected to measure the hydrogen sulfide, whereas, three-point comparative odor bag method was used to determine the total odor concentration of different fermentation stages. The results showed that 31 kinds of VOCs were detected during the aerobic fermentation of cattle manure, including carbonyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl disulfide, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, tetrachloroethylene, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, o-xylene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyl toluene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylene, heptane, cyclohexane, hexane, 2-methylbutane, 2-Methylpentane, pentane, octane, methylcyclopentane, limonene, 2-methyl-1, 3-butadiene, a-pinene. The above 31 kinds of VOCs were divided into sulfur compounds, alcohol, ester, ketone, halogenated hydrocarbons, benzenes, alkanes, and alkenes, which were 4, 1, 1, 1, 4, 9, 8, and 3, respectively. In the high temperature period of aerobic fermentation, the emission of odor concentration was the maximum of 724, indicating the main period of generation and emission of VOCs. According to the emission standard of odor pollution and Odor Activity Value (OAV), ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl sulfide were included and their OAV values were relatively high. In correlation analysis, the concentrations of ammonia and odor were showed highly significant positive correlation, while, hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide had no significant correlation with odor concentration, but the odor threshold of hydrogen sulfide and dimethyl sulfide was low, while, the OAV value was large. Sulfur compounds were normally important components of odor gas, suggested that ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl sulfide can be listed as the primary odorants in aerobic fermentation of cattle manure. In GS-MS spectrum and correlation analysis, the detection rates of aromatic compounds, such as ethylbenzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene, were about 100%, and positively correlated with odor concentration (P<0.05). Therefore, these compounds should be focused on monitoring and control. The finding can provide a sound theoretical support for the reduction and control of odorous substances in the aerobic fermentation of cattle manure.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Hydrogen sulfide
Controlled terms:Acetone - Ammonia - Benzene - Boric acid - Chromatographic analysis - Correlation methods - Dichloromethane - Ethylbenzene - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Heptane - Hexane - Hydrocarbons - Hydrochloric acid - Manures - Mass spectrometry - Monoterpenes - Paraffins - Pollution - Process control - Sulfur compounds - Sulfur determination - Toluene - Volatile organic compounds - Xylene
Uncontrolled terms:1 ,2-dichloroethanes - Boric acid solutions - Emission characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Halogenated hydrocarbons - Monitoring and control - Odor activity value (OAV) - Positive correlations
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 6.20e+01%, Volume 6.00e-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20210409826371
Title:Evaluation of inherent quality and dynamic quality of cultivated land based on comprehensive characteristics of indexes
Title of translation:基于指标综合特征的耕地遗传质量和动态质量评价
Authors:Sun, Xiaobing (1, 2); Kong, Xiangbin (1, 2); Zhang, Qingpu (1, 2); Wen, Liangyou (1, 2); Liao, Yubo (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Xiangbin(kxb@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:254-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Quality evaluation of cultivated land is the most vital and most fundamental for the utilization and management of cultivated land resource. According to the element characteristics of cultivated land quality, this study aims to construct an index system of quality evaluation for cultivated land, via screening the comprehensive evaluation indicators from five respects: climatic conditions, topographic characteristics, soil properties, farming conditions, and environmental conditions. Two indicators can be proposed, namely the indicator response time (IRT) and degree of human interference (DHI), based on the internal attribute characteristics and external utilization level of indicator comprehensive characteristics. The indicators was divided into inherent indicators and dynamic indicators, and then the quality of cultivated land was also divided into inherent quality and dynamic quality of cultivated land. Therefore, two aspects were classified to measure the quality of cultivated land, including a relatively stable inherent quality and a relatively high dynamic quality. An integrated algorithm was used to calculate the inherent and dynamic quality index of a cultivated land, thereby to obtain the comprehensive quality of cultivated land. Quzhou county of Hebei province was also selected as a case study in the framework of inherent and dynamic quality of a cultivated land. The results showed that: 1) In the indicator of comprehensive characteristics, the quality of cultivated land can be efficiently evaluated from the relatively stable inherent quality and high variable dynamic quality, indicating a better performance to evaluate the impact of changes in the natural environment and human activities on cultivated land quality. 2) The comprehensive quality of cultivated land in Quzhou County was mainly in the high and medium level, accounting for 82.33% of the total cultivated land. The inherent and dynamic quality of cultivated land were dominated by the high-grade land, which was 60.65% and 50.18% of the total cultivated land area, respectively, indicating most distribution in the northern and southern regions of the county. 3) The area with the high inherent and dynamic quality of cultivated land was the largest in Quzhou County, accounting for 29.19% of the total cultivated area, where 48.13% and 58.17% of the areas with the high inherent and high dynamic quality, respectively. The inherent quality of cultivated land in the same soil type was generally higher than that of the dynamic quality, and the degree of spatial variability of cultivated land was lower in the inherent quality. 4) The average grade for the inherent quality of cultivated land in Quzhou County was slightly higher than that of dynamic quality, but the area with equal or slightly different inherent and dynamic quality of the cultivated land accounted for 85.36% of the total cultivated land area. The area of inherent quality equal to dynamic quality accounted for 37.17% of the total cultivated land. The evaluation data can contribute to the establishment of systematic land plans to protect the inherent quality, while improve dynamic quality. Therefore, the finding can provide a basic reference for the comprehensive land management and high-standard farmland construction, further to realize the trinity protection of cultivated land quantity, quality and ecology.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Land use
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive qualities - Cultivated land qualities - Environmental conditions - Integrated algorithm - Natural environments - Spatial variability
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.92e+01%, Percentage 3.72e+01%, Percentage 4.81e+01%, Percentage 5.02e+01%, Percentage 5.82e+01%, Percentage 6.06e+01%, Percentage 8.23e+01%, Percentage 8.54e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20210409826085
Title:Spruce counting method based on improved YOLOv3 model in UAV images
Title of translation:基于无人机航拍与改进YOLOv3模型的云杉计数
Authors:Chen, Fengjun (1, 2); Zhu, Xueyan (1, 2); Zhou, Wenjing (1, 2); Gu, Mengmeng (3); Zhao, Yandong (1, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Department of Horticultural Science, Texas A&M University, College Station; TX; 77843, United States; (4) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Yandong(yandongzh@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:22-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Densely planted seedlings in the nursery with overlapping canopies and large differences in size, have made counting seedlings difficult, if performed manually. Inaccurate seedling counting usually causes a nursery manager to make decisions mismatching with the existing state, thereby resulting the losses. It is necessary to develop automatic techniques for seedling counting, further to avoid the loss that caused by inaccurate seedling counting. In this study, the spruce plant images were collected by the unmanned aerial vehicles (DJI Phantom 4), while, a spruce image dataset was constructed. 558 spruce plant images with diversity were selected, and 20 complete plot images were stitched using Pix4D mapper software. In images, the contrast, angle, and size were adjusted to expand spruce images to 4 times of original images. The training set and test set were built according to the ratio of 7: 3. An improved YOLOv3 model can quickly and accurately detect the targets with large size differences, such as spruce. However, in a small sample of spruce plants, the training process was prone to overfitting, where only a few dimensional features were used in the feature extraction process, resulting in the loss of spruce feature information and less counting accuracy. The YOLOv3 model was also verified. 1) Densely connected module was added to feature extraction network of YOLOv3 model, and the transfer and reuse of spruce features were strengthened. The number of model parameters was reduced to suppress the overfitting problems; 2) Transition module was added to feature extraction network of improved YOLOv3 model. The spruce feature information was extracted and fused using filters with different sizes and pooling operations to avoid spruce feature loss. Five evaluation indicators including precision, recall, average precision, mean counting accuracy, and average detection time were used to evaluate the counting. Five evaluation indicators in the improved YOLOv3 model were 96.81%, 93.53%, 94.26%, 98.49%, and 0.351 s, respectively. The improved YOLOv3 model can quickly and accurately realize spruce counting. Compared with the original YOLOv3 model, SSD model, and Faster R-CNN model, the improved YOLOv3 has significant advantages in 5 evaluation indicators. In the spruce images of a complete plot after stitching, five evaluation indicators in the improved YOLOv3 model were 91.48%, 89.46%, 89.27%, 93.38%, and 1.847 s, respectively. Compared with the original YOLOv3 model, SSD model, and Faster R-CNN model, the performance of new model has significantly improved. The results demonstrated that the counting result of improved YOLOv3 model was greatly optimized, and further to make a useful exploration for UAV.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Antennas - Convolutional neural networks - Extraction - Feature extraction - Seed - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic technique - Evaluation indicators - Feature information - Model parameters - Original images - Over fitting problem - Size difference - Training process
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.93e+01%, Percentage 8.95e+01%, Percentage 9.15e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%, Time 1.85e+00s, Time 3.51e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20210409826129
Title:Optimization of trapezoidal labyrinth emitter channel based on MATLAB and COMSOL co-simulation
Title of translation:基于MATLAB与COMSOL联合仿真的梯形迷宫滴头流道优化
Authors:Hu, Yuxiang (1); Peng, Junzhi (1); Yin, Fei (1); Liu, Xifeng (1); Li, Na (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin; 132101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:158-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drip irrigation emitter which has the advantages of little evaporation loss, no surface runoff and almost no deep leakage, is the most important component in drip irrigation system. The conventional drip emitter channel was optimized by finite element analysis through orthogonal experimental design in combination with experimental verification. However, the disadvantage of it lies in high intensity and high cost of the experimental process. Moreover, the optimal results obtained by data analysis through orthogonal experimental design are only the combination of different levels of factors, so it is difficult to determine the law of data change. In this study, the swam intelligence algorism is combined with the finite element analysis to design the parameter optimization of drip irrigation emitter channels by means of MATLAB and COMSOL simulation software. Firstly, MATLAB was used to read the simulation results of the trapezoidal labyrinth emitter in COMSOL software, and the results were passed on to genetic algorithm. Secondly, the optimization was aimed at the flow parameters and viewing the angle of labyrinth, height of tooth, inter-tooth space, units number of labyrinth and tooth diversification index as design variables so as to solve the emitter channel parameters at normal pressure (100 kPa nominal working pressure). Using SPSS software regression analysis method, the multiple linear regression mathematical model between the five variables and the flow pattern index is established. The analysis results showed that the five variables in light of the incidence against the flow pattern index could be sorted as follows: tooth diversification index, tooth depth, units number of labyrinth, channel corner and tooth space. The standardized regression coefficient (beta) of the three parameters, namely, tooth diversification index, angle of labyrinth and inter-tooth space, was positive, which indicated that the flow pattern index can be increased by increasing them; the standardized regression coefficient (beta) of height of tooth and units number of labyrinth was negative, which indicated that the flow pattern index can be increased by reducing them. From the analysis results, it can be seen that under atmospheric pressure, the tooth diversification index in the channel structure parameters had a significant impact on the hydraulic performance of the emitter. The further analysis of the hydraulic characteristics inside the emitter channel showed that the flow velocity in the low velocity region in the dropper channel reached 0.1-1.2 m/s with a 75.1% flow area of the channel area, which had the risk of blockage. And the flow velocity in the high velocity region reached 2.8-3.8 m/s, and 1.5-2.5 m/s in the medium velocity region. The pressure in the channel changes in a linear fashion along the flow channel length. In order to verify the feasibility of the joint simulation calculation method, and to evaluate the actual performance of the emitter with trapezoidal labyrinth channel, a prototype test was carried out. The average error between the calculated value of emitter flow rate and the measured value was 6.1%, which indicated that the optimization result had high precision. The results can provide references for the optimization design of emitter channel parameters of trapezoidal labyrinth channel.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Atmospheric structure - Channel flow - Flow patterns - Flow velocity - Genetic algorithms - Irrigation - Linear regression - MATLAB - Risk assessment - Statistics - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation systems - Experimental verification - Hydraulic characteristic - Multiple linear regressions - Orthogonal experimental design - Parameter optimization - Regression analysis methods - Standardized regression coefficients
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.10e+00%, Percentage 7.51e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s to 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s to 2.50e+00m/s, Velocity 2.80e+00m/s to 3.80e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20210409826042
Title:Method for variable rate irrigation management zone delineation based on apparent soil electrical conductivity
Title of translation:基于土壤表观电导率的变量灌溉管理分区方法
Authors:Li, Maona (1); Sun, Yu (1); Yan, Haijun (1); Wang, Chunye (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Interlirri (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100088, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Haijun(yanhj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:172-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Variable rate irrigation (VRI) technologies could dispatch the specified amount of water to specific locations in the irrigated area, which makes it possible for farmers to address the temporal and spatial variability of the soil and plants within a field. Management zone is an essential part for VRI. It is expected that variable rate application based on scientific management zones would help famers saving water and optimizing yield. Selecting an index that could quickly and accurately characterize soil spatial variability is the key of management zone delineation. In this study, three test fields were used for apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) survey in Tongzhou district, Beijing, and Zhuozhou, Hebei Province. The data of ECa in two soil layer depths including 0 to 30 cm (ECa<inf>sh</inf>) and 0 to 90 cm (ECa<inf>dp</inf>) was measured by Veris EC 3100 system. In this study, a total of 4 748 and 5 154 data of ECa were obtained before and after tillage in No.1 test field. A total of 3 717 and 5 844 data of ECa were obtained in No. 2 and No.3 test field, respectively. Analyzing by inverse distance weight interpolation and Jenks classification, the ECa maps of three test fields were drawn. Spatial distribution characteristics of ECa were analyzed. The composition of soil texture particles was tested. The average ECa of three test fields mainly varied from 13.20 to 29.25, 2.34 to 5.79, 2.69 to 6.86 mS/m, with the Coefficient of Variations (CVs) of 25.60%, 67.64% and 64.20% for No.1, No.2 and No. 3 test field, respectively. Compared with ECa<inf>dp</inf>, the spatial distribution of ECa<inf>sh</inf> changed obviously after tillage in No.1 test field. The ECa value was linearly negatively correlated with the sand content, and linearly positively correlated with silt and clay content. Compared to ECa<inf>sh</inf>, ECa<inf>dp</inf> showed stronger linear relationships with soil particle composition, with correlation coefficient of 0.83, 0.90 and 0.86 for sand, silt and clay content, respectively. The ECa<inf>dp</inf> value could indirectly represent the soil texture distribution of field. Furthermore, the high-precision spatial distribution map of ECa could be obtained quickly by Veris EC 3100 system. Therefore, ECa<inf>dp</inf> and its spatial distribution could be used for delineating VRI management zones, especially in the large scale field. No management zone was created in No.1 test field due to relatively low CVs and scattered spatial distribution of ECa<inf>dp</inf>. In contrast, No.2 and No. 3 test fields had relatively high CVs and concentrated spatial distribution of ECa<inf>dp</inf>, which illustrated that No.2 and No. 3 test fields had great potential in developing variable irrigation management. Taking into account the CVs, spatial distribution characteristics of ECa<inf>dp</inf> and VRI control ability of the irrigation system, three management zones were delineated in No.2 and No. 3 test fields. Moreover, software with Java language was developed, which could realize automatically delineation of irrigation management zones after uploading ECa data. The software included interpolation calculation module, management zone division module and variable irrigation control module. The software was validated with the data of the No. 3 test fields. The ranges of each grade, interpolation and spatial distribution of ECa calculated by the software were essentially the same with the analysis result of ArcGIS software. The software not only simplified the calculation process, but also realized the real-time management of variable management zone, which was use-friendly to famers. This study provided a fast, reliable and simple method for the delineation of VRI management zones.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Electric conductivity - Interpolation - Inverse problems - Irrigation - Silt - Software testing - Textures - Water distribution systems
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent soil electrical conductivities - Coefficient of variation - Distribution characteristics - Inverse distance weight - Spatial distribution map - Temporal and spatial variability - Variable rate application - Variable rate irrigations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 2.69e-03S/m to 6.86e-03S/m, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 6.42e+01%, Percentage 6.76e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 9.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20210409826355
Title:Estimation of moisture content in peony seed oil using spectral characteristic variables and BP neural network
Title of translation:光谱特征变量和BP神经网络构建油用牡丹种子含水率估算模型
Authors:Liu, Xiuying (1, 2, 3); Yu, Junru (1, 2, 3); Wang, Shihua (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471023, China; (2) Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang; 471023, China; (3) Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang; 471023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:308-315
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tree peony seed has recently been introduced to produce a high-quality edible oil, rich in the green and organic nutritional ingredients. This study aims to explore the rapid detection for the content of moisture with the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in oil tree peony seed, and thereby to improve the accuracy of hyper-spectral estimation for the moisture content of peony seed oil. A specific modeling was developed to evaluate the moisture content in oil tree peony seeds, using the advanced hyper spectra technology. The near-infrared spectral reflectance measurements were used to collect the data in the wavelength of 350 to 2 500 nm using the spectrometer (SVC HR-1024i). An oven drying method was selected to obtain the moisture content of seeds. 156 samples were collected in total, two thirds of which were marked as the training set, and one third as the validation set. The constructed model was verified, according to the training set and the validation set. A systematic analysis was performed on the correlation between near-infrared absorption spectra, first derivative spectra, characteristic parameters of moisture absorption, and moisture content. The Single Linear Regression (SLR) models were established to evaluate the moisture content, according to the characteristic wavelength of absorption spectra, characteristic wavelength of first derivative spectra, and characteristic parameters of moisture absorption. Taking 2 characteristic wavelength first derivative spectra and 3 characteristic moisture absorption depth parameters as the input parameters, a BP Neural Network (BPNN) model was built, where the measured moisture content values were set as the output parameters. A Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) were used to simulate the moisture content, using the same input parameters. The predictive powers of SLR, SMLR and PLSR models were compared with that of the BPNN model. The results showed that: 1) The characteristic wavelength of moisture content absorption spectrum was located at 1410, 1900 and 1990 nm, and that of first derivative spectra was located at 1 150, 1 950 and 2 080 nm. 2) The moisture absorption characteristic parameters with the correlation coefficient greater than 0.9 were AD1930, AD2140 and AD1440. 3) The spectral characteristic variables for DF2080 (R=0.945) and AD2140 (R=-0.956) were significantly related with the moisture content values, and their linear models were achieved optimal for the better estimation models of moisture content. 4) In building BPNN model, the input parameters was set as the selected spectral characteristic variables during the single linear regression model using the hyper-spectral characteristic parameter variables, whereas, the moisture content values as the output parameters. The calibration and validation R<sup>2</sup> of BPNN model for predicting moisture content were 0.978 and 0.973, the RMSE of 0.220% and 0.242%, the RPD of 6.478 and 5.889, respectively. Compared with other regression models, the BPNN model had the highest calibration and prediction accuracy. The SMLR model based on the selected spectral characteristic variables performed second to BP neural network. Furthermore, the SLR model was the simple method easy to operate. As such, the SLR model can be an optimal selection method under the condition of accurate moisture estimation, indicating that a real-time and high efficient method for the evaluation on the moisture content of oil tree peony seed. The finding can provide a sound theoretical basis to improve the remote sensing inversion accuracy of seed moisture content.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Moisture
Controlled terms:Absorption spectra - Absorption spectroscopy - Backpropagation - Calibration - Forestry - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Light absorption - Linear regression - Moisture determination - Near infrared spectroscopy - Neural networks - Oils and fats - Remote sensing - Spectrometers - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration and validations - Estimation of moisture content - Hyper-spectral characteristics - Near-infrared absorption - Near-infrared spectral reflectances - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Spectral characteristics - Stepwise multiple linear regression
Classification code:711.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Relation to Various Structures - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.20e-01%, Percentage 2.42e-01%, Size 1.90e-06m, Size 1.95e-06m, Size 1.99e-06m, Size 2.08e-06m, Size 3.50e-07m to 2.50e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20210409825462
Title:Extraction of crown information from individual fruit tree by UAV LiDAR
Title of translation:无人机机载激光雷达提取果树单木树冠信息
Authors:Chen, Riqiang (1, 2); Li, Changchun (1); Yang, Guijun (2); Yang, Hao (2); Xu, Bo (2); Yang, Xiaodong (2); Zhu, Yaohui (2, 3); Lei, Lei (2, 4); Zhang, Chengjian (2, 4); Dong, Zhen (2, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) College of Surveying and Mapping Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China; (5) College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266590, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Hao(yangh@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:50-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plant fixed management is the trend of precise production management in orchards in the future, and the extraction of crown information from an individual fruit tree is the key to fixed plant management. However, due to the relatively low height of apple trees, severe crown crossover, and the spatial resolution of remote sensing data, it is a challenging task to extract crown information from an individual fruit tree using the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) LiDAR technology. The research explored the possibility of using the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data collected by UAV to extract the crown information of an individual apple tree, detecting and measuring the crown area and crown diameter of an individual fruit tree. Besides, the sensitivity of spatial resolution to an individual tree crown detection and information extraction result was analyzed. The specific process included the use of the Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), the Digital Surface Model (DSM), and the Canopy Height Model (CHM); then, the local maximum filter algorithm and the Marked-Controlled Watered Segmentation (MCWS) were used to detect and extract crown of an individual fruit tree. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by comparing it with the number and position of trees, the outline of the crown, and crown area and diameter obtained by manual visual interpretation. And the sensitivity of spatial resolution (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 m) to the detection and information extraction result of an individual tree crown was quantitatively analyzed by changing the resolution of the Canopy Height Model (CHM). The results showed that the method can realize the detection and information extraction of the crown of an individual fruit tree, to accurately extract the crown area and crown diameter. The F1-score representing the detection accuracy of fruit trees was 95.03%, the recall was 93.37%, and the precision was 96.75%; the accuracy rate of an individual crown extracted was 86.39%, the omission error was 11.52%, and the commission error was 5.24%. The linear fitting results of the extracted dataset and the referenced dataset of the crown area showed that the coefficient of determination, the root mean square error, and the normalized root mean square error was 0.81, 4.44 m<sup>2</sup>, and 20.56%, respectively; the linear fitting results of the extracted dataset and the referenced dataset of the crown diameter showed that the coefficient of determination, the root mean square error, and the normalized root mean square error was 0.85, 0.62 m, and 14.79%, respectively. Crown area and diameter were overestimated to varying degrees. Besides, the results of crown detection and information extraction of an individual fruit tree were also affected by the spatial resolution of the canopy height model. The increase in spatial resolution led to a decrease in recall and the increase of precision and resulted in an increase of omission error and the decrease of commission error. In this experiment, the optimum resolution of the canopy height model was 0.3 m. Therefore, a rule of thumb was proposed that when the spatial resolution of the canopy height model was close to 1/10 of the average crown diameter of all fruit trees, the accuracy was best. It could effectively detect the crown of an individual fruit tree and extract the outline of the crown, to accurately extract the crown information of an individual fruit tree.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Aircraft detection - Antennas - Data mining - Errors - Fruits - Image resolution - Information retrieval - Inverse problems - Mean square error - Optical radar - Orchards - Remote sensing - Surveying - Trees (mathematics) - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Digital elevation model - Digital surface models - Inverse distance weight - Light detection and ranging - Production management - Root mean square errors - Visual interpretation
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.44e+00m2, Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.06e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+00%, Percentage 8.64e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 6.20e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20210409825600
Title:Monitoring of winter wheat nitrogen nutrition based on UAV hyperspectral images
Title of translation:基于无人机高光谱的冬小麦氮素营养监测
Authors:Wang, Yuna (1); Li, Fenling (1); Wang, Weidong (1); Chen, Xiaokai (1); Chang, Qingrui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Fenling(fenlingli@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen is a large number of elements required by crop life and is closely related to crop yield and quality. Accurate diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of crops are important contents of precision agriculture research. With the advantages of high timeliness, high resolution, and low cost, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is developing rapidly in the diagnosis and monitoring of nitrogen nutrition in winter wheat. In this study, Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) was selected as an indicator of the nitrogen nutritional status of winter wheat. In order to quantitatively estimate the nitrogen nutrition index of winter wheat at a regional scale, hyperspectral images of the winter wheat experimental plots in Qianxian, Shaanxi province during the year 2016-2017 was obtained by the Cubert UHD185 imaging spectrometer boarded on the UAV. Meanwhile, the above-ground biomass and plant nitrogen concentration data were collected during the flying and were used to calculate the NNI according to the local critical nitrogen concentration dilution model of wheat. Three types of spectral parameters were selected, including trilateral parameters, any two bands spectral indices, and vegetation indices. According to the correlation analysis between spectral parameters and plant nitrogen content, aboveground biomass, and nitrogen nutrition index, ten spectral parameters significantly related to each of the three indicators were screened out, including red-edge area, green peak reflectance maximum, red valley reflectivity minimum, difference spectral index, normalized spectral index, ratio spectral index, red-edge position by linear interpolation, red-edge normalized difference vegetation index, Vogelmann red-edge index, and photochemical reflectance index. Finally, nitrogen nutrition index estimation models of winter wheat at the heading stage were established based on the ten spectral parameters above with simple regression, Multiple Linear Stepwise Regression (MLSR), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), and Random Forest Regression (RFR) algorithms respectively. The coefficient of determination, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Relative Prediction Deviation (RPD) were used to compare the accuracy of each model. The results showed that any two bands' spectral indices were sensitive to the nitrogen nutrition index. The correlation coefficients between any two bands spectral indices and nitrogen nutrition index were dramatically superior to trilateral parameters and typical vegetation indices. The optimal any two bands spectral index was the ratio spectral index made up of the reflectance at 718 and 738 nm. Of all the nitrogen nutrition index estimation models by simple regression, Difference Spectral Index (DSI) and Red-edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RNDVI) had rough estimation capabilities of nitrogen nutrition index, the relative prediction deviation of which were 1.53 and 1.56 respectively. Among the nitrogen nutrition index estimation models of winter wheat established through ten spectral parameters based on multiple linear stepwise regression, partial least squares regression and random forest regression, the model based on the random forest algorithm had the highest precision, strong reliability, and excellent prediction ability. The validation results showed that the coefficient of determination of the model was 0.79, the root mean square error was 0.13, and the relative prediction deviation was 2.25. The second was the model through the partial least squares regression method, the relative prediction deviation of which was1.54. The model by multiple linear stepwise regression methods could not be used to estimate the nitrogen nutrition index correctly. Overall, the model with the random forest algorithm was considered as the best estimation model of the nitrogen nutrition index, which could be used for the remote sensing mapping of the winter wheat nitrogen nutrition index at a regional scale. It would provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis of nitrogen nutrition, monitoring of yield and quality, and late field management of winter wheat.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Nutrition
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Crops - Decision trees - Forecasting - Forestry - Hyperspectral imaging - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Nitrogen - Parameter estimation - Random forests - Reflection - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Spectroscopy - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Normalized difference vegetation index - Partial least squares regression - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Photochemical reflectance index - Random forest algorithm - Root mean square errors - Stepwise regression method
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 7.18e-07m, Size 7.38e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20210409826265
Title:Evapotranspiration simulation using a neural network with attention mechanism in desert regions of China
Title of translation:基于注意力机制神经网络的荒漠区蒸散量模拟
Authors:Qi, Jiandong (1, 2); Mai, Jingjing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Engineering Research Center for Forestry-oriented Intelligent Information Processing of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:151-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Evapotranspiration (ET) is the sum of soil water evaporation and plant transpiration. Accurate prediction of ET can provide information and decision making for irrigation management of crops and efficient use of agriculture water. Attention-based LSTM model (AT-LSTM) is widely used in machine translation, and speech recognition. However, there is still a gap in the application of ET simulation. In this study, an evapotranspiration simulation was conducted in Yanchi county Ningxia, China, with the limited environmental data, thereby to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of an AT-LSTM model for the high accurate ET. Air temperature, net radiation, relative humidity, soil temperature, and soil water content were selected as the influential factor of ET. They were half hourly environmental factors for Yanchi county from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The ET was calculated from the latent heat flux (LE). The data from 2012 to 2016 served as the training set, and the data in 2017 served as the test set. Different combinations of environmental factors were used as the inputs to construct the AT-LSTM model, compared with the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model on daily, monthly, and seasonal scale. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), correlation coefficient (R), and Global Performance Indicators (GPI) were used to evaluate the performance of models. Compared with ELM, SVM, and LSTM models, the simulation accuracy of AT-LSTM model changed very little, when the input environmental factors changed, where all data were better. When all meteorological factors were input, the AT-LSTM model had the best effect, with the RMSE of 0.013 mm/30min, MAE of 0.006 mm/30min, and R of 0.905. Specifically, the LSTM model was inferior to AT-LSTM model, with the RMSE of 0.014 mm/30min, MAE of 0.007 mm/30min, and R of 0.889, respectively. The simulation accuracy of ELM and SVM was lower than that of LSTM. When the air temperature, net radiation, relative humidity, soil temperature were input, the GPI of ELM and LSTM models were all 2, while the GPI of AT-LSTM model was 6. When the net radiation and soil temperature were input, the GPI of AT-LSTM model was 2, with the RMSE of 0.013 mm/30min, MAE of 0.006 mm/30min, R of 0.900. The simulation effect that produced by the combination of environmental factors was related to the selected model. When only net radiation was input, the RMSE of AT-LSTM was 0.014 mm/30min, with MAE of 0.007 mm/30min and R of 0.892. This model outperformed the LSTM, ELM and SVM models with all environmental factors input. When the net radiation was added as the input for the four models, the simulation accuracy of model was improved. When the SWC was used as the input, the RMSE of AT-LSTM model was 0.016 mm/30min, with MAE of 0.008 mm/30min, R of 0.859, while, the simulation accuracy of SVM, ELM and LSTM was much lower than AT-LSTM. Compared with other models, the simulation results of AT-LSTM model were closer to the real value on the daily and seasonal scale. The AT-LSTM model with the high simulation accuracy and strong stability can be used to solve the simulation and prediction problem of evapotranspiration in Yanchi county, where the excellent simulation results were achieved on the hourly, daily, monthly, and seasonal scales. It infers that the deep learning was suitable for the simulation and prediction of evapotranspiration. The influence of meteorological factors on ET was greater than that of soil factors in Yanchi county. The simulation effect can be ranked in order: the model of AT-LSTM > LSTM > ELM > SVM. Specifically, the SVM model had the same simulation effect as the ELM model in the period of high temperature in May and September and at 10am to 4pm in summer. The net radiation played a leading role in ET among these meteorological factors, while, the SWC less. The AT-LSTM model with only input of net radiation can achieve high accuracy, and thereby to serve as a simulation model with the input of missing environment factor.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Long short-term memory
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Atmospheric temperature - Computer aided language translation - Decision making - Deep learning - Evapotranspiration - Forecasting - Heat flux - Learning systems - Mean square error - Radiation - Soil moisture - Speech recognition - Speech transmission - Support vector machines - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Environmental factors - Extreme learning machine - Irrigation management - Machine translations - Meteorological factors - Root mean square errors - Soil water evaporation
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 751.5 Speech - 912.2 Management - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.00e-12m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20210409825897
Title:Effects of high-frequency pressure pulse generated by a jet tee on the clogging of labyrinth emitter
Title of translation:射流三通产生的高频压力脉冲对迷宫流道灌水器堵塞的影响
Authors:Jin, Binbin (1); Wang, Xinkun (1); Huang, Song (2, 3); Fan, Erdong (1); Yan, Hailan (1); Yao, Jicheng (1); Yu, Jianjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Nanjing Automation Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydrology, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing; 210012, China; (3) Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center for Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing; 210012, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xinkun(xjwxk@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:165-171
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Emitter clogging is the key obstacle to the development of drip irrigation technology. For this reason, a jet tee was developed in this study. Taking three pressures (constant pressure, fluctuating pressure on the left and right sides of the jet tee.) and three turbid concentrations as factors, the experiment was carried out by using a complete combination of the test factors. A study of labyrinth emitter clogging was conducted to determine the effects of high-frequency pressure pulse generated by a jet tee versus constant pressure on the relative discharge of Drip irrigation emitters (Dra) and the coefficient of uniformity (CU). The results showed that the values of Dra and CU of the jet tee group were 10.8%-14.8% and 21.1%-44.9% higher than the ordinary tee group, respectively. At different muddy sediment concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L), for constant pressure groups, Dra decreased to 74% after the 16th, 11th and 7th irrigation run respectively and was considered as a severely blocked. However, for the left side of the jet tee, Dra was still higher than 75% after the 18th, 14th, and 11th run respectively. For the right side of the jet tee, Dra was still higher than 75% after the 16th, 13th, and 10th run respectively. It can be seen that high-frequency pressure pulse generated by a jet tee has stable anti-clogging performance. At the low (0.5 g/L) and the medium (1.0 g/L) concentrations of muddy water, the emitters did not easily clog. The Dra at the high muddy (1.5 g/L) sediment concentrations remained to decrease drastically. However, the Dra at the low muddy sediment concentrations remarkably decreased after the 12 th run. The Dra at the medium muddy sediment concentrations remarkably decreased after the 10th run. For pulse pressure group with high concentration, the Dra decreased to 76% after the 11th run. However, for pulse pressure group with the low and the medium concentration, the Dra was still above 92% after the 11th run. For pulse pressure group with the low and the medium concentration, the CU remained above 84% after the 12th run. However, for pulse pressure group with high concentration, the CU decreased below 80% after the 7th run. The Dra and CU of the high muddy sediment concentrations (1.5 g/L) differed significantly (P<0.01) from those of the low and medium muddy sediment concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 g/L). Under three muddy sediment concentrations, the possibility of clogging quickly increases at high muddy sediment concentrations (1.5 g/L). However, at this concentration, the jet tee was still more resistant to clogging than the ordinary tee. It is recommended that a jet tee be used in place of the ordinary tee in the drip irrigation system to prevent emitter clogging.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Sediments
Controlled terms:Irrigation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of uniformity - Constant pressures - Drip irrigation - Drip irrigation systems - Emitter clogging - Fluctuating pressures - High frequency HF - Sediment concentration
Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.50e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.08e+01% to 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01% to 4.49e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.018
Funding details: Number: BE2018373, Acronym: -, Sponsor: Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province;Number: PAPD-2018-87, Acronym: PAPD, Sponsor: Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions;Number: 51709130, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:Received date: 2020-07-24 Revised date: 2020-11-21 Foundation items: The Natural Science Foundation of China (51709130); the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu province (BE2018373); the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions（No. PAPD-2018-87） Biography: Jin Binbin, engaged in the research of water-saving irrigation theory and technology. Email：binjinyjs@126.com ※Corresponding author: Wang Xinkun, PhD, professor, engaged in the research of water-saving irrigation theory and technology. Email：xjwxk@126.com
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20210409826034
Title:Design and test of flexible packing line for egg color box
Title of translation:鸡蛋彩盒装箱生产线设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Rong (1, 2); Wang, Shucai (1); Wang, Yuquan (1); Cai, Hengliang (3); Wang, Fengqiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Green Fan Manufacturing Cooperation of Hubei Province, Wu Chang Institute of Technology, Wuhan; 430065, China; (3) Hubei Shendan Health Food Co., Ltd., Xiaogan; 432600, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shucai(wsc01@hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:298-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Different varieties of gift boxes are commonly used to pack eggs, in order to satisfy the demands of consumers. It has brought great difficulties for the automatic packing of eggs. At present, manual packing is often used in egg processing industry in China, considering the variable size of color box, the different quantity of each box, and the fragile physical characteristics of eggs. In this study, a flexible cartoning, and handling mechanism was developed for the color boxes to realize the automatic packing of eggs. The movement trajectory in a Cartesian coordinate manipulator was planned, using the trajectory planning algorithm, thereby to industrialize the flexible packing production line for an egg color box. Besides, the basic physical properties and the packing protection performance of the color box were tested, including drop test, pressure test, frequency sweep test and random vibration test, in order to ensure the stability and reliability for the manipulator holding the color box and avoid the damage of the eggs in the box that caused by the resonance of the production line. The protective performance parameters for the color box were detected, including the critical drop height, the non-damaged clamping force, the resonance frequency, and the non-damaged egg transport system excitation. In the drop test of color box, the results showed that the critical drop height of eggs in the box was 290 mm, while, in the pressure test, the eggs in the box cannot damaged when the clamping force of the color box was less than 870 N. In addition, the frequency test of the color box proved that the resonance frequency of the color box package was 10-15 Hz, and the random vibration test determined that the excitation of the system can meet Grms≤0.52 g<sup>2</sup>/Hz. The splint and the guide frame can be quickly disassembled under the constraints of the physical parameters for the color box. The egg box can be boxed with flexibility, high efficiency, and low damage using the central controller (Siemens PLC S7-200 Smart) and the touch screen (MCGS) according to the size, specification and quantity of the color box. The maximum effective strokes of the X and Z axial were 750 and 380 mm in the Cartesian coordinate manipulator in the production line. The X-axial velocity of robotic arm was adjustable from 0 to 199 mm/s, while the Z-axial velocity was from 0 to 149 mm/s. The maximum stroke of the Y-axial gripper plate movement was 200 mm, and the maximum linear velocity was 50 mm/s. The rated power of the machine was 1.5 kW. So far, the production line has been running for 11 months on the packaging line, where the mechanical equipment, software and hardware of control system were stable and reliable. An on-site test was performed on the production line for 10 days, showing that the packing efficiency with 6 boxes and 4 boxes in a color box were 96.2 and 120.4 boxes/h, respectively. Compared with manual packing, the efficiency can be enhanced by 4-6 times, indicating that 3-6 assistant workers can be saved, while the damage rate of egg was reach zero in the whole test process. The findings can provide a sound reference to the design and application of the automatic production line of color box for egg packing in food industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Color
Controlled terms:Clamping devices - Drops - Efficiency - Manipulators - Mechanical control equipment - Natural frequencies - Robot programming - Rope - Testing - Touch screens - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic production line - Design and application - Physical characteristics - Protection performance - Protective performance - Software and hardwares - Stability and reliabilities - Trajectory planning algorithm
Classification code:722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.1 Computer Programming - 741.1 Light/Optics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.17e-01yr, Force 8.70e+02N, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz to 1.50e+01Hz, Power 1.50e+03W, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.90e-01m, Size 3.80e-01m, Size 7.50e-01m, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 1.49e-01m/s, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 1.99e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e-02m/s, Age 2.74e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20210409825878
Title:Evolution process and driving force analysis of natural wetlands in Xiliao River Basin based on SWAT model
Title of translation:基于SWAT模型的西辽河流域自然湿地演变过程及驱动力分析
Authors:Yu, Chenglong (1, 2); Wang, Zhichun (3); Liu, Dan (1, 2); Zhao, Huiying (1, 2); Gong, Lijuan (1, 2); Tian, Baoxing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast China Ecological and Meteorological Open Innovation Laboratory, China Meteorological Administration, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Chifeng Meteorological Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng; 024000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Dan(nefuliudan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:286-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Natural wetland is one of the most productive ecosystems, providing with the wide arrays of ecological services to the local communities in particular and global communities in general. The Xiliao River Basin in the eastern edge of agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, has become an important agricultural and animal husbandry production base, with obviously regional transition and vulnerability of ecosystem. It is necessary to accurate assesse the driving forces of wetland ecosystem evolution, thereby to understanding the long-term evolution of wetland ecosystem, and the contribution rate of climate and human factors to wetland change. In this study, taking the Xiliao River Basin as a research area, a quantitative analysis was made to investigate the evolution and hydrologic attribution of wetlands using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT Model), Geo-detector, landscape conversion methods. The digital elevation model (DEM), land use, meteorological observation, and vegetation index data were firstly utilized to define the geographical region in the Xiliao River Basin, and then to explore the lake and marsh wetland areas, landscape conversion characteristics, change characteristics of marsh wetland vegetation, and river runoff depth, finally to quantify the types of natural wetland for a long time series and the transformation process. An emphasis was placed on the impact factors of climate or land use on wetland change and their interaction, as well as the contribution rate of driving factors to wetland change. The results showed that the average areas of lake and swamp were 607.14 km<sup>2</sup>, and 2 657.00 km<sup>2</sup>, respectively, both of which showed a decreasing trend. The average depth of rive runoff was 48.46 ± 36.82 mm, indicating no obvious change trend. Most types of land use had invaded the swamps and lakes, with the largest area occupied by cultivated lands. Since 1980, there was a dry-wet-dry transformation process occurred in the Xiliao River Basin, except for the wet periods in 1995-2000. From 2000-2015, the mean NDVI and the average annual GPP were 0.30 and 257.73 g/(m<sup>2</sup>•a) in the growing season of swamp wetlands, both of which showed an extremely significant upward trends and regional differences. There was a highly significant linear positive correlation between the changes of lake area, the runoff depth, precipitation and evapotranspiration, a highly significant conic relationship between the change of swamp area and the above two factors, and a highly significant linear positive correlation between NDVI, GPP, and accumulated temperature in the growing season. The influence of natural factors on wetland changes was greater than that of human factors. The precipitation was the main control factor of wetland changes in the Xiliao River Basin. A single factor driving effect showed that the precipitation was the main controlling factor of wetland change in Xiliao River Basin, where the order of driving capacity of precipitation and evapotranspiration on wetland change from large to small was the marsh area, river runoff, and lake area. A synergistic effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration on lake, swamp, and runoff depth was higher than 70%. This finding can offer the possible mechanisms to control the changes of wetland ecosystem in the Xiliao River Basin.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Wetlands
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Climate change - Cultivation - Ecosystems - Evapotranspiration - Human engineering - Lakes - Land use - Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Metadata - Rivers - Runoff - Surveying - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Conversion characteristics - Digital elevation model - Driving force analysis - Main controlling factors - Meteorological observation - Soil and Water assessment tools - Transformation process
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Area 6.07e+08m2, Area 6.57e+08m2, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20210409825980
Title:Research progress in rotor airflow model of plant protection UAV and droplet motion mechanism
Title of translation:植保无人机旋翼风场模型与雾滴运动机理研究进展
Authors:Zhang, Haiyan (1); Lan, Yubin (2, 4); Wen, Sheng (3, 4); Xu, Tongyu (1); Yu, Fenghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Lan, Yubin(ylan@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-12
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The usage of aircrafts to perform crop spraying is becoming increasingly prevalent, owing to their high speed and efficiency in operations, compared with the manual crop spraying representing an expensive and time-consuming labor activity in agricultural production. Agriculture drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted increasing attention, due to their small size, easy handling, and without a runway, particularly suitable for small farmlands in Asia. Currently, the agriculture drones have been widely used in modern precision agriculture. The UAVs has produced rapidly in East Asia for their excellent application efficiency and ability to protect densely planted crops, especially in China. A survey that conducted by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs showed that there are more than 50 000 plant protection drones, and 311 333.3 hm<sup>2</sup> cultivated field spraying in 2019. Nowadays, the spray technology applied on UAVs has developed into the main plant protection approaches. However, the key theory associated with the spraying technology of UAVs remains unknown. Three key theories mainly are: 1) The characters of downwash flow structure and its effect on droplet movement during aerial spraying, as well as plant canopy. Unique complex feature in the downwash flow structure of UAVs influences the law of droplet dispersion, the velocity and direction of droplet movement, as well as the canopy structure and morphology of target plant, particularly on the incidence angle, the impact diameter, and impact velocity of droplet, during the interaction process between droplet and plant. There was a significant influence on the droplet deposition and drift. 2) The flight parameters of UAVs, spray parameters in a spray system applied on UAVs, and physical quality have posed an important effect on the droplet deposition and drift. The flight parameters UAVs also influence the downwash flow structure and droplet transport distance. The unreasonable parameters of UAVs flight can cause some deposition, resulting the drift potential of droplet. The formulation and spray parameters in the UAVs can also influence the droplet size, dispersion, and transport velocity, indicating the interaction process between the droplet and downwash flow of UAVs, as well as the law of droplet deposition and drift. 3) The interaction mechanism between the droplet and plant. There was a significant influence on the retention and drift of final droplet, and the biology efficacy of pesticide, indicating a critical part of plant protection. An investigation on the key theories can contribute to improve the performance of spray technology using UAVs. This review covers the current status related to three key theories, presenting an idea to build the downwash flow model of UAVs, a droplet dispersion model, a droplet evaporation model, the interaction model between downwash flow and droplet, between downwash flow and plant canopy, and between droplet and plant canopy, and a spray retention model applied on UAVs basing on these daughter model. The parameters of flight and spray were optimized by the spray retention model, indicating an excellent spray performance.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:89
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Crops - Deposition - Dispersions - Drones - Efficiency - Flow structure - Plants (botany) - Wakes
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Agricultural technologies - Agriculture and rural - Droplet deposition - Droplet evaporation - Interaction mechanisms - Interaction process - Spraying technology
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20210409825606
Title:Three-dimensional model construction method and experiment of jujube tree point cloud using Alpha-shape algorithm
Title of translation:Alpha-shape算法构建枣树点云三维模型
Authors:Fu, Yuxing (1, 2); Li, Chengming (1); Zhu, Jiang (1); Wang, Baolong (1); Zhang, Bin (2); Fu, Wei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Fu, Wei(fuwei001@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:214-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Jujube is widely cultivated in China because of their extremely high nutritional value and medical value. With the increase of the planting area, the shortcomings of manual management have become increasingly prominent, and it is urgent to realize the information management of jujube orchards. With the rise of smart agriculture, computer technology and agricultural production are combined to build digital agriculture. To realize the intelligent pruning of jujube trees, a three-dimensional reconstruction of jujube trees in Xinjiang was carried out. This study proposed a three-dimensional reconstruction method of fruit trees under a natural lighting environment based on point cloud registration. Moreover, aiming at the strict requirements of the spatial position of the registered point cloud, an improved point cloud registration algorithm was proposed based on the traditional Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm for the strict requirements of the spatial position of the registered point cloud. Firstly, color images and depth images of fruit trees from different perspectives were collected by using an RGB-D camera, and point cloud acquisition under corresponding perspectives was achieved through information fusion. Secondly, Data preprocessing of fruit trees' each piece of point cloud was carried out for background removing and original point cloud de-noising based on depth distance judgment and spare noise filtering methods respectively. The region of interest was extracted by setting the segmentation threshold based on the histogram of the number of point clouds, and accordingly, each relative accurate data set was obtained as the jujube tree's point cloud in each specific perspective. Then, there were three target balls which were artificial markers near the root, and the artificial marking method was used to realize the initial cloud registration of the two sites. Finally, on the basis of initial registration, the surface normal vector and curvature of the point cloud were calculated, and the points with similar curvature formed a pair of points. The kd-tree was used to establish a high-dimensional index tree data structure to structure to decrease the cost of running time of point cloud registration. Then, the ICP algorithm was used to complete precise registration. The registered point cloud was triangulated using the Alpha-shape algorithm to achieve surface reconstruction. The above-mentioned methods of initial registration and precise registration were used to globally register multiple jujube trees and completely reconstruct the three-dimensional model of fruit trees. The experimental results showed that by introducing the initial registration, the accuracy and stability of the point cloud registration were effectively improved. The registration error was controlled within 1.0 cm, and the average registration error was 0.76 cm. The reconstructed model had a strong sense of reality and was closer to the real-world tree in appearance. The relative error between the ground truth of the branch and the reconstructed value was controlled within 7%, and the accuracy of the reconstructed model was higher. The reconstruction model had high accuracy, which could provide a visual research foundation and technical support for intelligent jujube pruning.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Three dimensional computer graphics
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Errors - Fruits - Image registration - Image segmentation - Information management - Iterative methods - Orchards - Surface measurement - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - High-dimensional index - Iterative closest point algorithm - Point cloud registration - Precise registration - Segmentation threshold - Three-dimensional model - Three-dimensional reconstruction
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 7.60e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20210409825583
Title:Recognition of Camellia multi-features based on preference artificial immune network and support vector machine
Title of translation:基于偏好免疫网络和SVM算法的油茶果多特征识别
Authors:Li, Xin (1, 3); Chen, Zejun (1); Li, Lijun (2); Tan, Jiqiu (3); Wu, Fazhan (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha; 410004, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, Center South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; 410004, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineer, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan; 411104, China; (4) Fengke Forestry Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou; 412000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zejun(zejun1166@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Automation processing has become particularly important for the Camellia oleifera industry in Southern China, as the agricultural economy is ever increasing. Fruit shelling of Camellia oleifera is a very critical link in the production line. There are still some problems so far in the sorting and recognition system for the Camellia oleifera sheller, such as single-feature recognition method, great disturbance by target color, and relatively low adaptive function. This study aims to propose a multi-features intelligent sorting algorithm, combining the artificial immune network (aiNet) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), in order to fully utilize the multi-feature clustering feature of immune algorithm, and the dichotomy feature of SVM algorithm. Six morphological and color characteristics of shell kernel in a Camellia oleifera were extracted, including elongation, roundness, completeness, R component, G component, and B component of color feature. These characteristics were used to sort and identify the shell and kernel of Camellia oleifera. The collected images were first preprocessed, then three morphological features were integrated into the aiNet algorithm for multi-features comprehensive identification, finally three-color features were input into the SVM algorithm for the recognition of color features. Since the color of fruit shells and seeds varied in different storage periods, 3 and 12 days were selected to obtain the obvious color characteristics of Camellia oleifera fruits, considering the influence of temperature, and humidity, on the picking Camellia oleifera fruits. In the experimental test, the multi-features immune network combined with SVM algorithm significantly reduced the complexity of multi-dimensional operation while saved the operation time. The results showed that the sorting efficiency of Camellia oleifera fruit reached 97.4% in 3 days, and 76.6% in 12 days, indicating a high separation efficiency. The recognition time reached an average of 600 ms and a minimum of 510 ms, where the recognition time was the sum of the consumption time of two algorithms, and the ratio of time consumed by aiNet and SVM algorithm was 2.3: 1. A comparation was made in the recognition rate and time, including the multi-dimensional aiNet, the multi-dimensional SVM algorithm, the color threshold method, and the morphological threshold method. Although the conventional algorithm of color morphological threshold had a short execution time, it does not have multi-features adaptability, as its simple structure. Nevertheless, the usage of multi-features immune algorithm can easily lead to the "dimension disaster" of long recognition time, particularly when to recognize six features of shape and color. The multi-dimensional SVM algorithm was not suitable for the multi-feature recognition, due to its binary structure. An improved algorithm can also lead to the problem of long sorting time, due to the complexity of structure. The recognition rate decreased, when the color difference was not obvious during the storage period of 12 days. The combination of artificial immune and SVM can be used to enhance the efficiency and real-time performance, particularly better than other methods in the shelling and sorting production line of Camellia oleifera fruit. The finding can verify the algorithm with innovative and practical characteristics, thereby to improve the production of Camellia oleifera fruit.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Color - Colorimetry - Complex networks - Efficiency - Fruits - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial immune networks - Camellia oleifera fruits - Color characteristics - Conventional algorithms - High separation efficiency - Morphological features - Multi-feature clustering - Real time performance
Classification code:722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 913.1 Production Engineering - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.29e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 7.66e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%, Time 5.10e-01s, Time 6.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20210409826134
Title:Extraction and purification of polyphenols and determination of antioxidant activity
Title of translation:欧李多酚提取纯化及抗氧化性研究
Authors:Liu, Haohan (1); Zhong, Diying (1); Zhang, Runguang (1); Wang, Guoliang (1); Zhang, Youlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an; 710119, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Youlin(youlinzh@snnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:324-332
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cerasus humilis is naturally rich in a variety of vital vitamins and minerals, such as calcium and polyphenols, providing great benefits for health care functions, particularly on improving human immunity. Polyphenols are significant natural antioxidant substances for various functions, including softening blood vessels, promoting digestion, lowering blood lipids, diuresis, enhancing immunity, preventing arteriosclerosis and thrombus formation, even to inhibit the growth of bacteria and cancer. Specifically, an emphasis is put effect on inhibiting the proliferation of human liver cancer (HepG2), colon cancer (HCT116), and gastric cancer (BGC823). However, only a few reports focused on the natural active substances that contained in plum fruit. In this study, a novel extraction and purification process of plum polyphenols was proposed to determine the types and contents of polyphenols, and thereby to explore the in vitro effects of polyphenols. The processing parameters were optimized in the extraction and purification of polyphenols, together with the antioxidant activity of plum cerasus humilis. A single factor and response surface optimization tests were used to investigate the ultrasonic assisted enzymatic extraction process of polyphenol of Cerasus humilis. Macroporous resin was also selected to purify the crude extract of polyphenols. Moreover, high solution liquid chromatography was used to identify the types of phenolic substances, and the spectrophotometry was used to determine the total reducing power of polyphenol in cerasus humilises, and the scavenging effect of free radicals •OH, DPPH•, ABTS•. The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters of polyphenol of cerasus humilis were as follows: The ultrasonic power was 105 W, temperature of enzymatic hydrolysis was 50℃, enzymatic hydrolysis time was 80 min, the ratio of liquid to material was 30: 1 (mL/g), and the extraction amount of polyphenols was 42.63 mg/g. After the purification with macroporous resin, the total polyphenol content of cerasus humilises was 73.42 mg/g. All the 6 polyphenols were detected in the plum fruit of cerasus humilises, where their contents were ranked in order, chlorogenic acid > epigallocatechin gallate> caffeine > p-hydroxybenzoic acid >protocatechuic acid gallic > gallic acid. The total reducing power of polyphenol in cerasus humilises was not different from that of Vitamin C, indicating a significant scavenging effect on free radicals, such as •OH, DPPH•, ABTS•. In the case of the same mass concentration, the reduction ability of purified product, crude extract, and Vc of the cerasus humilis were as follows: Vitamin C (IC<inf>50</inf>=35.05μg/mL) > the cerasus humilis polyphenols (IC<inf>50</inf> =32.42 μg/mL) > the crude extraction of Oleum Phenol (IC<inf>50</inf>=30.13 μg/mL). The reduction ability of purified cerasus humilis was not significantly different from that of vitamin C (P>0.05), but there was totally difference from the crude extract (P<0.05). The purification process can be used to remove some impurities without affecting the activity of the main components, indicating that it can improve the total reduction capacity. Cerasus humilis showed the good scavenging ability on DPPH•, ABTS•, and •OH radicals. The purified product of cerasus humilis demonstrated an IC<inf>50</inf> value of 72.65 μg/mL for the removal of •OH, and an IC<inf>50</inf> value of 110.12 μg/mL for the removal of DPPH•. The IC<inf>50</inf> value for the removal of ABTS• was 55.45 μg/mL, and the total reducing power EC<inf>50</inf> value was 32.42 μg/mL, indicating equivalent to the effect of Vc. The IC<inf>50</inf> value for the crude extract of Prunella vulgaris polyphenols was 66.92 μg/mL for removing •OH, the IC<inf>50</inf> value for removing DPPH• was 98.42 μg/mL, the IC<inf>50</inf> value for removing ABTS• was 49.87 μg/mL, and the total reducing power EC<inf>50</inf> value was 30.13 μg/mL. The finding can provide a sound theoretical basis and technical support for the development and utilization of cerasus humilis in the production of plum fruits.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Purification
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Ascorbic acid - Blood - Blood vessels - Diseases - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Extraction - Free radicals - Fruits - Lipids - Liquid chromatography - Removal - Resins
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Development and utilizations - Epigallocatechin gallate - Extraction and purifications - Extraction parameters - Health care functions - Processing parameters - Response surface optimization
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.10e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.01e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.24e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.99e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.55e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.69e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.27e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.84e-02kg/m3, Power 1.05e+02W, Time 4.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20210409825874
Title:Effects of rice-straw returning on gaseous nitrogen loss and microorganisms in tobacco field after topdressing
Title of translation:稻草还田对烟田追肥气态氮损失及相关微生物的影响
Authors:Liu, Qingli (1); Li, Zhihong (1); Chen, Shunhui (2); Jiang, Yuzhou (1); Zhang, Yungui (1); Li, Wenqing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, Fuzhou; 350013, China
Corresponding author:Li, Wenqing(li-wqfjyc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:246-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Topdressing is widely used to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) and ammonia (NH<inf>3</inf>), thereby to alleviate greenhouse effect and haze under various agricultural measures in management of a tobacco field. In this study, a rice/tobacco location experiment was performed to explore the comprehensive effects of rice-straw returning on the loss of nitrogen and related microbial communities in 2017. Three treatments were selected, including the single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning to field (NPKS), and chemical fertilizer + rice straw returning + cake fertilizer (NPKSB). Ammonia volatilization was determined by continuous air extraction in a closed chamber. The emission of N<inf>2</inf>O was measured by a static chamber and gas chromatography. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to evaluate soil microorganisms. The results showed that the rate of NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization and N<inf>2</inf>O emission first rose after topdressing, and then declined when reaching the maximum in 2-3 days. In the NPK treatment, the amount of NH<inf>3</inf>-N emission was (1.45±0.04) kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and the amount of N<inf>2</inf>O-N emission was (2.49±0.23) kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in topdressing. The rate of nitrogen loss was 6.97% ± 1.07%, and that of N<inf>2</inf>O emission was 4.81%±1.13%, which accounted for 62.98% of gaseous nitrogen, indicating that the N<inf>2</inf>O emission was the main gas loss. It infers that the long-term straw returning increased soil water content (8.4%-10.1%), and changed the microbial community structure of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB, Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria) and N<inf>2</inf>O reductase gene (nosZ), where the relative abundance of rhizobia was significantly lower, whereas, that of rhodospira was dramatically higher than that of chemical fertilizer alone. When the rice straw was returned to the field, the emission of N<inf>2</inf>O increased by 55.35% and NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization decreased by 11.43%, as well as the loss rate of gaseous nitrogen was 10.34%±1.40%. The NPKSB treatment increased the soil water content, while, changed the microbial community structure of AOB and nosZ genes, indicating a significant increase in the relative abundance of Burkholderia, compared with the NPK treatment. In rice straw returning with cake fertilizer, the emission of NH<inf>3</inf> volatile nitrogen decreased by 8.91%, whereas, the emission of N<inf>2</inf>O-N was similar to that of NPK treatment. The N<inf>2</inf>O emission decreased by 27.82% for the straw returning combined with cake fertilizer, compared with the NPKS treatment. There was no significant difference in NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization between the treatments of NPKS and NPKSB. In the correlation analysis, the loss of NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization was negatively correlated with the organic matter and moisture content in soil, whereas, there was no significant correlation with the structure of microbial community, particularly on nosZ gene and AOB gene. The N<inf>2</inf>O emission was negatively correlated with rhizobia, while positively correlated with rhodospiridae. The straw returning combined with cake fertilizer can be used to reduce the NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization, whereas, to inhibit the N<inf>2</inf>O emission caused by straw in a tobacco field soil.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural runoff - Ammonia - Bacteria - Gas chromatography - Genes - Greenhouse effect - Nitrogen oxides - Soil moisture - Tobacco - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia oxidizing bacteria - Ammonia volatilization - Chemical fertilizers - Correlation analysis - High-throughput sequencing - Microbial communities - Microbial community structures - Soil micro-organisms
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr to 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 2.78e+01%, Percentage 5.54e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+00% to 1.01e+01%, Percentage 8.91e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20210409826057
Title:Effects of no-tillage and straw returning on soil aggregates composition and organic carbon content in black soil areas of Northeast China
Title of translation:免耕和秸秆还田对东北黑土区土壤团聚体组成及有机碳含量的影响
Authors:Yan, Lei (1); Dong, Tianhao (1); La, Yuepeng (1); Liu, Mingyi (1); Sun, Xiaohe (1); Meng, Qingyao (1); Zhang, Yuying (1); Zhang, Naiwen (1); Meng, Qingfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Qingfeng(qfengmeng@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:181-188
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil aggregates and organic carbon content are important soil quality evaluation indices. They play important roles in guiding agriculture and ensuring food production safety. In order to solve the problem of deterioration of soil structural properties and decrease of organic carbon content caused by irrational farming in the black soil area of Northeast China, an experiment was carried out in Xiangyang experimental base of Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin since 2015. To study effects of no tillage and straw returning on soil aggregate stability, soil organic carbon content and the soil organic carbon content of the aggregates in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers in the Northeast thin black soil area, four treatments including straw returning with no-tillage (NTS), no-tillage(NT), straw returning with conventional tillage(CTS) and conventional tilliage(CT) were designed. Soil samples were collected in 2018 and 2019. The impact of conservation tillage on the physical and chemical properties of soil was analyzed. The results showed that the percentage content of water-stable aggregates larger than 5 mm and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) of NTS treatment were significantly higher than those in the other three treatments of 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers in 2018 and 2019. Compared with 2018, the percentage content of water-stable aggregates larger than 5 mm of NTS and NT treatments increased to varying degrees in 2019. In 2018, the MWD values of 0-10 cm soil layer ordered from high to low were NTS, NT, CTS and CT. In 2019, the NTS treatment was significantly higher than NT treatment (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found between CTS treatment and CT treatment. In 2018 and 2019, the MWD values of 10-20 cm soil layer ordered from high to low were NTS, NT, CT and CTS, and the difference was significant between treatments (P<0.05). The organic carbon content of soil and organic carbon content in aggregates decreased with the increase of soil depth generally. In 2018, the soil organic carbon content of NTS and NT treatments in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers were significantly higher than those in CTS and CT treatments (P < 0.05). In 2019, no significant difference in 0-10 cm soil layer was found between CT treatment and CTS treatment. In 10-20 cm soil layer of 2019, the contents of soil organic carbon of NTS and NT treatments were not significantly different, and CTS treatment was significantly higher than CT treatment (P < 0.05). In 2018 and 2019, the peak value of organic carbon content of water stable aggregates in 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers appeared at 1-2 mm, the organic carbon content of water-stable aggregates smaller than 0.25 mm was the lowest. In 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers of 2018 and 2019, the organic carbon contribution rates of water-stable aggregates of >5, 2-5 and 1-2 mm of NTS and NT treatments were higher than those in CTS and CT treatments generally, and those of water stable aggregate smaller than 0.25 mm was smaller than those of CTS and CT treatments. The research showed that no tillage and straw returning were beneficial to stability of soil aggregates and accumulation of organic carbon in different aggregates at sloping farmland of thin black soil. The treatments of no-tillage combined with straw returning had the best effect compared with treatments of no-tillage, conventional tillage and conventional tillage combined with straw returning.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Chemical analysis - Cultivation - Deterioration - Organic carbon - Soil conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Conservation tillage - Conventional tillage - Organic carbon contents - Physical and chemical properties - Soil aggregate stability - Soil organic carbon content - Soil quality evaluation - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-03m to 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-04m, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20210409825981
Title:Metagenomics approach to explore the changes of bacterial community in raw milk during refrigerated storage
Title of translation:宏基因组学探究原料乳冷藏过程菌群变化规律
Authors:Wang, Yuanyuan (1); Ju, Ning (1); Gou, Meng (1); Luo, Yulong (1); Li, Puyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Ju, Ning(juning1122@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:333-340
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Refrigeration storage is one of the important methods to inhibit the reproduction of microorganisms in raw milk. But the psychrophilic bacteria still grow during this time, particularly on synthesizing phospholipids at the relatively low storage temperature. Meanwhile, these psychrophilic bacteria hydrolyze protein and fat can cause discoloration, odor, viscosity increase, gelation, rancidity, and other defects phenomena in the raw milk. So far, there are few reports on the changes of the flora in the raw milk during cold storage. In this study, an IlluminaHiseq sequencing platform was established to conduct metagenomic analysis of bacteria in the raw milk, in order to investigate the bacterial community succession and functional characteristics of raw milk with the extension of refrigeration time. During 72 hours of storage, the number of culturable microorganisms observably increased in the raw milk, including the number of colonies, psychrophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and coliform bacteria. Taxonomy annotation indicated that there was a significant effect for the microbial succession of raw milk during cold storage. At the genus level, the dominant flora gradually evolved from Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Anaplasmaand and Clostridium to Flavobacterium, Pseudomonasand Lactococcus. At the species level, it evolved from Acinetobacter sp. TTH0-4, Anaplasmaphagocytophilum, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus mutans to Flavobacteriumfrigidarium, Pseudomonas fluorescensand Lactococcuspiscium. There were few reports on Acinetobacter sp. TTH0-4, Flavobacteriumfrigidarium, and Lactococcuspiscium. The results of COG functional annotation showed that the L (replication, recombination and repair), J (translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis), M (cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis) had relatively higher abundance in the early stage of refrigeration (24 h), suggesting that the raw milk microbes were more resistant to the variable milk environment during this period. The relative abundance of E (Amino acid transport and metabolism) and G (Carbohydrate transport and metabolism) were higher in the late stage of refrigeration (72 h), indicating that the utilization of carbon and nitrogen sources by microbes increased at this stage. The results of correlation analysis between dominant microorganisms and main functions show that Acinetobacter was significantly related to the lipid metabolism. Combining with its characteristics of accumulating fatty acids, it infers that Acinetobacter had a greater impact on the composition of raw milk lipids. However, Pseudomonas was significantly related to the carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, where to produce protease and lipase, and thereby pose a great influence on the decomposition of raw milk protein and the formation of flavor. In addition, the characteristics of Lactococcus, decomposing lactose to produce acid and inhibit bacteria, were closely related to the microbial control of raw milk and chess processing. The finding can provide new ideas for the research of raw milk microorganisms in the preservation of raw milk, sterilization control of liquid milk, and processing of dairy products. Further in-depth study of this subject can be conducted in the correlation analysis between metabolomics and metagenomics, and thereby to discover the mechanism of quality changes in the raw milk.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Dairies
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Biosynthesis - Carbohydrates - Cell proliferation - Cold storage - Coliform bacteria - Correlation methods - Decomposition - Fatty acids - Gelation - Lactic acid - Metabolism - Odors - Phospholipids - Proteins - Quality control - Refrigeration
Uncontrolled terms:Amino acid metabolism - Carbohydrate metabolism - Culturable microorganisms - Functional annotation - Functional characteristics - Psychrophilic bacteria - Refrigerated storages - Streptococcus pneumoniae
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Time 2.59e+05s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20210409825411
Title:Design and experiments of rake type surface residual film recycling machine with guide chain
Title of translation:导向链耙式地表残膜回收机设计与试验
Authors:Xie, Jianhua (1); Yang, Yuxin (1); Cao, Silin (1, 2); Zhang, Yi (1); Zhou, Yabin (1); Ma, Weibin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:76-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The usage of film mulch cultivation technology is ever increasing in China, particularly ranging from fruits and vegetables to a variety of food crops in a large area. Ultra-thin plastic film is commonly used as a soil surface mulch. The long-term laying of plastic film has brought serious mulch residues, due to its polyethylene film is difficult to be degraded in the natural environment. The accumulation of plastic film residues has caused serious negative effects on the crop growth, such as microorganisms in the soil difficult to survive, damage of soil agglomeration structure, obstruction of moisture circulation, soil salinization and compaction. As such, various machines were developed for residual film recovery, with strong adaptability, high recovery rate, and high work efficiency, particularly on the residual film pickup device in tooth-chain type for gathering and tying the film. However, the complicated structure of mechanism limited the application of residual film pickup device. At present, a bent conveyor chain is often used, in order to improve the efficiency of removed film. If the length beyond the critical after the conveyor chain bending, the film pickup teeth are easy to be deformed after impact, resulting in leakage pickup phenomenon, and the incompletely removed film, easy to wind, and low loading. This study aims at the problems of missing inspection, incomplete stripping, and winding of rake type residual plastic film collector during the working process, thereby to design a guiding chain harrow type residual plastic film collector on the surface soil. The main content included the design of guide chain harrow type picking-up film mechanism, and the connection structure between the rake assembly and the transport chain, with emphasis on the transport chain for the removal of film. Specifically, the structure of rake teeth and the arrangement of rake teeth were determined, the rotary film removal device with guide rake to improve the effect of removing film, and a pushing film mechanism was designed at the rear of film collecting box for increasing the loading capacity. A combined method of mechanical and hydraulic pressure was applied to realize the transmission requirements of picking up, removing, and pushing film. A motion analysis and pretests were conducted to optimize the structural parameters of main moving parts. A quasi-horizontal orthogonal test was carried out to verify the reliability of key parts in the machine and the operation performance. The test factors were selected, including the machine advancing velocity, the depth of rake into soil, and the chain rake input speed, and the indexes were the film pickup rate and film winding rate. The results show that the primary and secondary factors that affected the film pickup rate were the chain harrow input speed, the machine advancing velocity, and the depth of rake into soil, whereas, the primary and secondary factors that affected the film winding rate were the chain rake input speed, the depth of rake into soil, and the machine advancing velocity. Taking the film pickup rate as the main index, the integrated balance method was used to determine the optimal operating parameters, where the machine advancing velocity was 8 km/h, depth of rake into soil was 30 mm, and the chain rake input speed was 143 r/min. A field validation test was performed on the better parameter combination, where the film pickup rate was 88.73%, and the film wrapping rate was 1.91%. The findings can provide a sound reference to optimize the design of residual plastic film collector, and further to improve the operation performance.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Conveyors - Crops - Efficiency - Mechanisms - Pickups - Plastic films - Soils - Velocity - Winding
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Connection structures - Field validation tests - Fruits and vegetables - Operating parameters - Operation performance - Parameter combination - Plastic film residues
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.3 Mechanisms - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 692.1 Conveyors - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.91e+00%, Percentage 8.87e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.43e+02RPM, Size 3.00e-02m, Velocity 2.22e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20210409825447
Title:Selection of spring maize varieties suitable for high-density planting, high-yield and grain mechanical harvesting in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China
Title of translation:京津冀地区密植高产宜机收籽粒春玉米品种筛选
Authors:Wang, Jintao (1); Dong, Xinliang (1); Su, Han (1); Chen, Pei (1); Liu, Yi (2); Liu, Xiaojing (1); Sun, Hongyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050022, China; (2) Agricultural Science Institute of Nandagang Management Zone, Cangzhou; 061103, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Hongyong(hysun@sjziam.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:105-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical harvesting can significantly improve the technical efficiency, while reduce the production cost in maize farming. However, the evaluation system and maize variety are still lacking, particularly suitable for mechanical grain harvesting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China. Variety selection of maize has also limited the implementation of mechanical grain harvesting in modern agriculture. In this study, a 3-year experiment on the variety/density of spring maize, and 2-year experiment on mechanical grain harvesting were carried out in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China. Three first-level evaluation indexes were set, including the suitability for mechanical grain harvesting, high-stable yield while high quality, and high Water Use Efficiency (WUE), according to the requirements of varieties, climate, and planting conditions in the mechanical grain harvesting for this region. The second-level evaluation indexes under the suitability for mechanical grain harvesting were the broken rate of kernel, impurity rate, and total loss rate. The relationship between the broken rate of kernel and impurity rate with the moisture content of kernel were in the parabolic and exponential form, respectively. The moisture contents of kernel were 3.6%~24.8% and ≤26.99%, when the broken rate of kernel ≤5% and impurity rate ≤3%. Therefore, the third-level evaluation indexes under the kernel broken rate and impurity rate was the moisture content of kernel at the 10th day after physiological maturity, where the criteria was ≤25%. The total loss rate represented the parabolic relationship with the moisture content of kernel, and the linear relationship with the lodging rate and standard deviation of ear height. Therefore, the third-level evaluation indexes under the total loss rate were the moisture content of kernel at the 10th day after physiological maturity(≤25%), lodging rate(≤5%), and standard deviation of ear height(≤5.93 cm). In 3-year experiment on the variety/density of spring maize, the average yield, WUE and ear rot rate were 10 889.64 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, 2.28 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 1.75%, respectively. The average standard deviation of yield and WUE were 1 776.79 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 0.43 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The high and stable coefficient of yield and WUE were 0.53 and 0.46, respectively. According to the correlation analysis, the increasing ratio of yield and WUE with the density increasing by 15 000 plants/hm<sup>2</sup> were 6.59% and 11.89%, whereas, the decreasing ratio of yield per plant with the density increasing by 15 000 plants/hm<sup>2</sup> was 8.38. These values of yield, ear rot rate, and WUE can be used to set the second-level evaluation indexes under the high-stable yield while high quality, and high-stable WUE. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy weight method were selected to calculate the comprehensive weights of each evaluation index. The discrimination criteria of evaluation index can be used as the index values of distinguish variety, to avoid relying solely on sequencing for the selection of maize varieties. In 2-year experiment on mechanical harvest, Yufeng 98, Yudan 9953, and Jinkeyu 3306 were selected as spring maize varieties, due to their fast grain dry down rate, high and stable yield, increasing yield with high density, low ear rot rate, and high WUE. The evaluation system of suitable variety can contribute to the promotion of mechanical maize harvesting in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, providing for a certain reference for the selection of high-yield maize varieties suitable for high-density planting, and mechanical harvesting in other areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Analytic hierarchy process - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesting - Moisture - Moisture determination - Physiological models - Physiology - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Beijing-tianjin-hebei regions - Correlation analysis - Discrimination criteria - Entropy weight method - Linear relationships - Physiological maturity - Technical efficiency
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 3.00e+00yr, Mass_Density 2.28e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.30e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.19e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+00%, Percentage 6.59e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20210409826366
Title:Index weight analysis of groundwater function evaluation and zoning system in arid areas
Title of translation:干旱区地下水功能评价与区划体系指标权重解析
Authors:Wang, Jinzhe (1); Zhang, Guanghui (1); Yan, Mingjiang (1); Tian, Yanliang (1); Wang, Qian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CAGS, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Guanghui(Huanjing59@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:133-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The most striking characteristic of an arid climate is a lack of moisture with the low precipitation, while strong evaporation, particularly in northwest China. In the natural lake wetland, the growth state of natural vegetation and the quality of basic farmland are strongly dependent on the groundwater burial condition. Therefore, this study aims to propose a set of groundwater function evaluation and zoning, to establish a novel evaluation system for the groundwater function in arid area. 4 layers were divided, including from high to low (marked as the system target layer), criterion function layer, attribute index layer, and factor index layer. Specifically, 14 indicators were set in the evaluation system. A step to build the system was as follows: To combine the logic and multi-objective indicators, attributes classification, function aggregation, and unique system, called "dry area system" for short. The requirement and standard for the evaluation of the groundwater condition were generally associated with "Technical requirements for evaluation and zoning of groundwater functional zones" released by China Geological Survey Bureau in 2006, where the indicators are guiding the evaluation and division of groundwater function in North China, northeast China, Shanxi great Basin and northwest China. Compared with the previous edition, the "dry area system" mainly expressed the indexes of "Arid area system", representing the essential characteristics of groundwater in northwest China, further to pose the new connotation on the attribute indexes of a system, with the removal the number of less common indexes. Specifically, 22 indicators were reduced to 14 factors, with the addition of some new indexes, including the attribute index of "natural wetland landscape maintenance", the factor indexes of "wetland environment and groundwater correlation", "oasis coverage and groundwater correlation", and "desertification and groundwater correlation". In this study, an index weight method of "Arid area system" was proposed using the sequence synthesis mathematical theory, and the analytic hierarchy process as the theoretical framework. The original data was selected to serve as the basis of weight evaluation, according to the principle of index weight analysis, including the critical, correlation, systematic evaluation. The index weights of 14 factors were then analyzed in factor index layer. Based on the indexes of possession, renewal, availability, and ecological function of groundwater resources, the weight of groundwater resources function and ecological function in arid area was elucidated to fit in the northwest inland groundwater function of the natural properties. The application in Shiyang River Basin showed that the "Arid area system" was feasible for the groundwater function evaluation in arid area. The evaluation data was also suitable for the essential characteristics of groundwater resources and ecological function in different areas. The finding can provide a sound theoretical basis for fine management groundwater and ecological protection, and thereby to support rational development of groundwater and targeted management of ecological protection in arid areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Function evaluation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Ecology - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Wetlands - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological functions - Ecological protection - Essential characteristic - Groundwater conditions - Shiyang river basins - Systematic evaluation - Technical requirement - Theoretical framework
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20210409825670
Title:Development of insertion and ejection type seedling taking device for vegetable plug seedlings
Title of translation:蔬菜穴盘苗插入顶出式取苗装置研制
Authors:Wen, Yongshuang (1); Zhang, Junxiong (1); Zhang, Yu (1); Tian, Jinyuan (1); Yuan, Ting (1); Tan, Yuzhi (1); Li, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Junxiong(cau2007@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:96-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seedlings cultivation and transplantation are commonly used in the commercial large-scale planting of most vegetable crops, thereby to improve the vegetables quality, yield, and land use efficiency. However, there are still some challenges in the process of transplanting, such as high labor intensity, low transplanting efficiency, and high cost, due to the manual and semi-automatic transplanting are mainly found in most areas of China. There are also complicated structures in most automatic seedling taking devices, showing a relatively low performance of seedling. In this study, a new kind of insertion and ejection mechanism in a seedling taking device was designed and optimized for a fully automatic transplanter in vegetable plug seedlings. The newly developed device was mainly composed of various mechanisms for conveying plug seedling tray, combing, insertion and ejection, plate turning, conveying plug seedling, and collecting empty tray. The process of plug seedlings taking was as follows: The conveying mechanism of plug seedling tray first aligned the bottom holes of tray with the seedling taking holes one by one; The seedling ejection cylinder then drove the ejector pins out; The ejector pins passed through the seedling taking holes and the bottom holes of tray, and thereby to push the whole row of plug seedlings onto the conveyor; The plate turned 90° in clockwise; The ejector pins were retracted, and the plug seedlings fell into the given grids of conveyor; The plate returned to the original position to complete one row of seedling taking. The kinetics analysis was performed on the process of plug seedling ejection, and the kinematic analysis on the oblique throwing process of plug seedling. The angle between the center line of plug and the ejection direction of ejector rod was set to reduce the initial angular velocity of plug seedling, the angle of oblique throwing, and the vertical height when dropping plug seedlings, thereby to alleviate the seedling rolling during the oblique throwing process. Coupling the mechanism of tray conveying, insertion, and ejection, the optimal angle of tray conveying device was 75°, and the tip length of thimble was 25 mm. Taking 72-hole pepper plug seedlings as the experimental objects, an orthogonal experiment was carried out, where the influencing factors were the moisture content of plug, seedling age, and frequency of seedling, whereas, the inspection indexes were the qualified rate of seedling taking, the loss rate of substrate, and the injury rate of seedlings. The experimental results demonstrated that when the pepper seedling age was 30 days, an optimal configuration was achieved, where the moisture content of plug was 60%, and the frequency of seedling taking was 120 plants /min, the qualified rate of seedling taking was 97.22%, the loss rate of substrate was 18.06%, and the comprehensive injury rate of seedlings was 1.39%. Taking 72-hole plug seedlings of 25-day cabbage and cauliflower as the experimental objects, the seedling taking experiment was carried out, where the moisture content of plug was controlled to 60%, and the frequency of seedling taking was 120 plants/min. In plug seedlings of cabbage and cauliflower, the qualified rates of seedling taking were 93.75% and 95.14%, the loss rates of substrate were 17.21% and 16.67%, and the comprehensive injury rates of seedlings were 4.17% and 3.47%, respectively, indicating the newly developed device can meet the requirements of fully automatic transplanter for vegetable plug seedlings. The finding can provide a sound references to optimize the operating parameters in a fully automatic transplanter for plug seedlings in the large-scale vegetable production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Conveyors - Efficiency - Ejectors (pumps) - Land use - Moisture - Moisture determination - Plates (structural components) - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Conveying mechanisms - Dropping plug seedling - Kinematic Analysis - Land use efficiency - Operating parameters - Orthogonal experiment - Vegetable productions
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 618.2 Pumps - 692.1 Conveyors - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.85e-02yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 1.39e+00%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 1.72e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+00%, Percentage 4.17e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.38e+01%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Size 2.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20210409825674
Title:Identification and spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty measurement in karst rocky desertification regions
Title of translation:喀斯特石漠化区多维贫困空间测度与格局分析
Authors:Xie, Yuchu (1); Lin, Siyan (1); Tu, Shuangshuang (1); Lu, Yuan (1); Pan, Xinchao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning; 530001, China
Corresponding author:Tu, Shuangshuang(tuss@nnnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:276-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Karst rocky desertification regions have become one of the most complex areas with fragile ecological environments and multidimensional poverty. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, an area rich in karst landforms, is border areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, indicating an important constituent area of karst rocky desertification contiguous destitute areas in southwest China. In 2012, Guangxi had more than 5 million poor rural people and 18% of poverty rate. Taking Guangxi as a case study, the identification to explore rural multidimensional poverty process and spatial pattern were contribute to understanding the causes of poverty in specific areas, providing a theoretical basis for anti-poverty and rural development in this karst region. Therefore, this study aims to construct a four-dimensional framework for the geospatial pattern of multidimensional poverty and its index system at county scale under the specific conditions of Guangxi, China. A typical evaluation model of multidimensional poverty consisted of 4 evaluation levels and 22 specific indicators, where five levels of spatial poverty degree were classified: Low, slight, medium, high, and severe. The spatial autocorrelation and hot-spot analysis were used to analyze the multidimensional poverty degree and spatial differentiation pattern of each county, particularly on the type division of rural poverty and strategies of poverty reduction. The results showed that: There was a high level in the multidimensional poverty, involving natural, population, economic and social geographic respects in Guangxi, particularly above the medium level with the percentages of 62.76%, 57.45%, 62.77%, and 60.64%, respectively. In space, there was obviously regional distribution pattern of multidimensional poverty and the relatively large difference of each county. The high and severe level multidimensional poverty in countries were mainly located in the karst areas of western and northern Guangxi, while, the low and slight level in the metropolitan area and southeastern Guangxi. Besides, there was a significant spatial gathering effect in the spatial pattern of multidimensional poverty, where 3 high and 2 low value agglomeration areas, particularly with a significant positive correlation. The high value center areas (H-H-type areas) of agglomeration were mainly distributed in the karst rocky desertification area, Jingxi county in the karst hills of southwest Guangxi, and Rongshui county in the karst peak-cluster depression of northern Guangxi, whereas, the low value center areas (L-L-type areas) were mainly concentrated on the metropolitan areas, such as Nanning city. Moreover, 94 counties in Guangxi can be classified into four major types and 14 sub-categories, according to the different types of poverty, including the single-factor dominant type, double-factors driving type, multi-factors comprehensive type, non-dominant type. 70.4% of poverty- stricken counties were in the multi-factor comprehensive type. This finding can provide potential strategies and suggestions in the different poverty-stricken counties for the poverty reduction and sustainable rural development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Climatology - Landforms - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Evaluation modeling - Peak cluster depressions - Positive correlations - Regional distribution - Rural development - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 443 Meteorology - 481.1 Geology - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+01%, Percentage 6.06e+01%, Percentage 6.28e+01%, Percentage 7.04e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20210409825815
Title:Soil salinity inversion at different depths using improved spectral index with UAV multispectral remote sensing
Title of translation:无人机多光谱遥感反演不同深度土壤盐分
Authors:Yang, Ning (1, 2); Cui, Wenxuan (1); Zhang, Zhitao (1, 2); Zhang, Junrui (1); Chen, Junying (1, 2); Du, Ruiqi (1); Lao, Congcong (1); Zhou, Yongcai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas Subordinated to the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhitao(zhitaozhang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:13-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Quick and accurate acquisition of soil salinity information with vegetation cover is critical to prevent environmental deterioration especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The UAV multispectral remote sensing systems has widely been expected to apply for monitoring the soil salinity, due to its low cost, high resolution, as well as resistance to weather and terrain. This study aims to obtain the soil salinity at various depths under the crop cover, using the improved spectral index. The UAV multispectral remote sensing images were captured at four test sites with different salinization degrees, including 0.065%-0.275%, 0.194%-0.828%, 0.220%-1.239%, 0.594%-3.112%, in Shahaoqu Irrigation Area, Inner Mongolia, China (40°52'-41°00'N, 107°05'-107°10'E, elevation 1030 m), from July 16 to 20 in 2019. Simultaneously, the soil salinity data were collected with various depths at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. Firstly, a six-rotor UAV equipped with a Micro-MCA multispectral camera was used to acquire the images, where the traditional spectral index was calculated using the extracted spectral reflectance with remote sensing images. A Rededge band based on the traditional spectral index was introduced to establish a new spectral index, serving as an improved spectral index. Next, an Elastic-net algorithm (ENET) was selected such spectral variables as spectral band, traditional spectral index, and modified spectral index (established by introducing Rededge band). The screened spectral variables were divided into the original spectral variable group and the improved spectral variable group. Finally, three machine learning algorithms, such as BP Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), were combined with the ENET to construct the soil salinity inversion model at different soil depths. The maps of soil salt inversion were drawn at the test sites using the optimal inversion model that constructed by the improved spectral variable group, after evaluating the model performance. The results showed that: 1) The variable selection method ENET can be used to effectively screen the optimal spectral variables. The performance of inversion models that constructed by three variable selection methods was superior to those without screening variables; 2) The optimal inversion depth of soil salinity with vegetation cover was >10-20 cm. The model performance of ELM was better than that of SVM and BPNN. The ENET-ELM inversion model performed better, where the determination coefficients (R<inf>C</inf><sup>2</sup>) of calibration dataset were 0.785, the root mean square error (RMSE<inf>C</inf>) were 0.128, the consistency correlation coefficients (CC1) were 0.879, the determination coefficients (R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup>) of validation dataset were 0.783, the root mean square error (RMSE<inf>P</inf>) were 0.141, and the consistency correlation coefficients (CC2) were 0.875. 3) At different soil depths, the soil salinity inversion map that drawn by the optimal inversion model using the improved spectral variables can effectively elucidate the degree of salinization in the test area, indicating that the introduction of Rededge band to construct the spectral index can be used for the soil inversion of salinity. This finding can provide a promising way for using UAV multi-spectral remote sensing to monitor and prevent soil salinization of farmland.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Deterioration - Learning systems - Mean square error - Soils - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Determination coefficients - Environmental deterioration - Extreme learning machine - Multispectral remote sensing - Multispectral remote sensing image - Root mean square errors - Variable selection methods
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.50e-02% to 2.75e-01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.03e+03m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20210409825675
Title:Development of automatic single pendulum vegetable pot seedling picking and feeding system
Title of translation:全自动单摆式蔬菜钵苗取喂苗系统研制
Authors:Liu, Niancong (1); Yang, Chengwen (1); Liu, Baolin (1); Jiang, Hao (1); Wu, Shenghong (1); Huang, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:87-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plug seedlings can be used to alleviate the negative effect of severe weather on crops production, further to achieve high and stable yield, and improve land utilization. At present in China, semi-automatic transplanting machines are mainly used with low degree of automation and high labor intensity. The mechanized operation of automatic transplanter can reduce the influence of human factors, and improve the overall benefits, indicating a main trend in current development of agricultural planting mechanization. The seedling feeding system is the crucial part of an automatic transplanter. Most previous studies focused on various schemes, such as clamping, ejection, insertion, and pneumatic type. Different types of automatic transplanting machines have also been developed, however, there are still some problems, including the high seedling damage rate, low seedling retrieval efficiency, and relatively low adaptability to seedling plants. This study proposed an automatic symmetrical simple pendulum-type seedling system, mainly composed of the seedling plate conveying, longitudinal moving, rotating, reciprocating, seedling mechanism, and power control system. Kinematics analysis was performed on the reciprocating, rotating and seedling mechanism, and the structural parameters of each key mechanism were determined. The key mechanisms of seedling retrieval system were driven by stepping motors and cylinders that controlled by FN 2N-32MT. In order to explore the effects of various parameters on the performance of seedlings in the design of test plan, the seedling efficiency was tested at 90 plants/min, and the test parameters were selected, including the seedling species, substrate moisture content, seedling depth and working pressure. A multi-objective orthogonal test was carried out, where the success rate and the seedling integrity rate, were taken as the evaluation indicators of seedling transplanter system. The experimental results showed that the moisture content had the greatest influence on the seedling success rate of seedling extraction, and the seedling integrity rate of seedling plants, reached 58.92% and 50.58%, respectively, followed by the insertion depth. The optimal system was achieved with the best seedling effect, when the seedling type was peper seedling, where the moisture content was 35%, the depth was 40 mm, and the air pressure was 0.6 MPa. The success rate of seedling removal, and the intact rate of seedling plants were 98.61% and 97.22%, respectively. This finding can provide a sound reference for automatic seedling removal and mechanism design of transplanting machine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Efficiency - Machine design - Man machine systems - Materials handling equipment - Moisture - Moisture determination - Pendulums - Power control - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Design of test plans - Evaluation indicators - Kinematics analysis - Retrieval efficiency - Retrieval systems - Structural parameter - Substrate moisture contents - Transplanting machine
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 705.3 Electric Motors - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.06e+01%, Percentage 5.89e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Percentage 9.86e+01%, Pressure 6.00e+05Pa, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20210409826293
Title:Preference of internal light environment of nest box by layer breeders in natural mating colony cages
Title of translation:蛋种鸡对本交笼产蛋窝内光环境的偏好性选择
Authors:Shi, Haipeng (1, 2); Zheng, Weichao (1); Tong, Qin (1); Li, Baoming (1); Zeng, Dan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MOARA; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing; 101206, China; (3) Hebei Huayu Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Handan; 056800, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:239-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Commercial enriched colony cages have become commonplace for the natural mating of layer breeders in China in recent years. It is now generally accepted that a nest box is essential to ensure the welfare requirements of laying hens in the internal environment of colony cages. Specifically, the LED light environment of a laying nest depends on various factors, including the position, color, substrate, enclosure, and light intensity in the nest box. Therefore, the utilization rate of a nest can be improved via the evaluation on the preference selection of layer breeders in the internal light environment of a nest box. Taking a commercial layer breeder farm in Handan, Hebei province, China, as a research object, this study aims to investigate the effects of 3 LED light colors (white 400~700 nm: WL, red 585~690 nm: RL, blue 460~490 nm: BL) and 2 light intensities (5 lx: L1, 30 lx: L2) in the nest box on the nest choice of hens using preference selection index method. The nests with no light were termed as the control group (DK). The experimental house was with 4 rows of 4-tier double-sided colony cages (304 cages in total) along the length of a house. Each cage was in the size of 4.80 × 1.20 × 0.71 m (L × W × H), holding 10 roosters and 90 laying hens. 28 identical cages were selected to evaluate at the fourth tier in the house. 7 treatments were divided into WL-L1, WL-L2, RL-L1, RL-L2, BL-L1, BL-L2, DK, to compare that in a randomized block design, where each row had a replicate for each treatment. The specific measurements were made on the number of eggs laid in the nest and on the floor, as well as the nesting and agonistic behavior in the nest. The results showed that there were significant effects of light color, light intensity and their interaction on the number of nest eggs, and the agonistic behavior of egg laying (P<0.05). 1) The proportion of nest eggs in the WL-L2 and BL-L2 treatment was much higher than that in other light treatments (P<0.05), whereas, in the RL groups, the number of nest eggs was much lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). At the end of 33 weeks, the proportion of nest eggs in the WL-L2 and BL-L2 groups were 91.5±3.4% and 93.2±4.5%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the egg production among all groups. 2) The WL-L2 and BL-L2 treatment significantly improved the percentage of hens in the nest, the number of sitting events, the frequencies of scratching and rotating, as well as the duration of hens without egg laying. Nevertheless, the number of nest visits, the ratio of nest visits/nest eggs, and the duration of exploring were much lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). 3) In the BL-L2 treatment, the frequencies of threats and aggressive pecks were higher than that in WL-L2, but not significant correlation, whereas, the frequencies of feather pecking reached the highest among all groups (P<0.05). In the WL-L2 and BL-L2 treatments, the frequencies of fights and displacements in the nest were much higher than that in other groups. 4) The percentages of eggs laid varied over time during each hour from the time lights came on, regardless of the treatment with the highest number laid between 06: 30 and 08: 30 (P<0.05). The highest rates of agonistic behavior occurred with the peak time of lay in the nest. In the WL-L2 and BL-L2 treatments, the distribution of laying times for nest eggs was much less evenly than that in other groups (P<0.05). Therefore, the change of internal light environment in a nest box can be used to enhance the nest utilization rate. A stronger preference for the layers can be the high intensity of LED white and blue light. There were different requirements for the light environment in different behavioral demands of layers. It is suggested to select the sub-area illumination according to the behavioral requirements of layer breeders in the natural mating colony cages.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Color - Houses - Light emitting diodes
Uncontrolled terms:Control groups - Experimental house - Light environment - Light intensity - Light treatments - Preference selection - Research object - Utilization rates
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.33e-01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20210409825812
Title:Effects of LED spectrum and daily light integral on growth and energy use efficiency of tomato seedlings
Title of translation:LED光质和日累积光照量对番茄种苗生长及能量利用效率的影响
Authors:Ji, Fang (1); Gan, Peidian (1); Liu, Nan (1); He, Dongxian (1); Yang, Po (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MOARA, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Lighting Valley Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:He, Dongxian(hedx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:231-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Low temperature and weak light environment in winter and spring have become major bottlenecks restricting the production of high-quality seedlings in a greenhouse. Compared with conventional seeding production systems, the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) can effectively shorten breeding cycle, while improve seedling quality. However, the high investment cost of infrastructure and power consumption have seriously effects on the commercial production of PFAL. Most previous studies focused on the monochromatic red (R)/blue (B) light or different R: B ratio created by mixture of red and blue lights in the seedling growth, not suitable for the commercial production. In this study, the effects of light quality and daily light integral (DLI) on the morphogenesis and biomass accumulation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling were investigated using the LED lighting environmental control in a PFAL, while, the electric energy use efficiency (EUE) and light energy use efficiency (LUE) of a system were evaluated, in order to reduce the electricity cost of a PFAL. Tomato seeds (cv. Fengshou) were sown in the 128-hole tray for 31 days. Four kinds of light sources were set, with the R: B ratio of 0.9 provided by a white LED lamp (L0.9), 1.2 and 2.2 provided by a white plus a red LED lamps (L1.2 and L2.2), and 1.8 provided by a white fluorescent lamp (F1.8) (control) along the three levels of DLIs (10.1, 12.6, and 15.1 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•d), marked as D10.1, D12.6, and D15.1, respectively). The results indicated that the tomato seedlings grown under LEDs had the higher health index, biomass, and net photosynthetic rate than those under fluorescent lamps. The morphology of tomato seedlings showed remarkable differences among all treatments with the R: B ratio of 1.2. In the L1.2-D12.6 treatment, the seedling height of tomato, stem diameter, total leaf area, average daily growth of dry weight and health index were 16.6 cm, 3.7 mm, 86.1 cm<sup>2</sup>, 16.2 mg/d and 12.04, respectively, indicating much higher than those in other treatments. There was no influence of DLI on the photosynthetic capacity of tomato seedlings under the similar light quality, indicating the higher or lower DLI cannot contribute to the plant photosynthesis. The dry weight was 473.3 mg, when the seedling was grown in a DLI of 12.6 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•d) under the white plus red LED with an R: B ratio of 1.2. The light quality significantly dominated the chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedling leaves. The net photosynthetic rate reached the maximum of 15.4 µmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s), when the tomato seedlings were grown in the white plus red LED with the R: B ratio of 1.2 under the DLI of 12.6 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•d). The LUE and EUE were much higher in the white plus red LED with the R: B ratio of 1.2 than those in other treatments. Compared with other treatments, the total leaf area of tomato seedlings increased by at least 43% in the treatment of L1.2-D12.6, while, the ability of utilization and interception of light has also improved, indicating a great contribute to the highest LUE and EUE. The LUE and EUE reached the maximums of 0.078 and 0.026 in the treatment of L1.2-D12.6, indicating 79% and 321% higher than those in the F1.8-D12.6 treatment, respectively. An optimal combination to produce tomato seedlings was achieved, including the white plus red LED with the R: B ratio of 1.2 in the DLI of 12.6 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•d). The finding can provide a promising LED lamps to replace the conventional fluorescent lamps, thereby to improve the seedling quality in tomato production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Light emitting diodes
Controlled terms:Costs - Ecology - Economics - Environmental management - Fluorescence - Fluorescent lamps - Forestry - Fruits - Investments - Light - Low temperature production - Plants (botany) - Seed - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Commercial productions - Daily light integrals - Energy-use efficiency - Environmental control - Net photosynthetic rate - Photosynthetic capacity - Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) - Weak light environments
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 707.2 Electric Lamps - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass 4.73e-04kg, Percentage 3.21e+02%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Size 1.66e-01m, Size 3.70e-03m, Age 8.49e-02yr, Area 8.61e-03m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20210409826097
Title:Effects of seaweed polysaccharide-based materials on shear strength and permeability characteristics of soils
Title of translation:海藻多糖抗蚀剂对土壤抗剪与入渗特性的影响
Authors:Li, Hao (1); Cheng, Dongbing (1); Sun, Baoyang (1); Huang, Jinquan (1); Lin, Qinming (1); Ren, Feipeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan; 430010, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:144-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil fertility decline is caused by loss of fertile top soil due to water or wind erosion. The decreasing of cultivated land may be caused by urbanization, industrialization, land abuse, soil pollution, salinization and improper agricultural cultivation. The deterioration of soil in the cultivated land has posed a serious threat on the productivity of the land and the food security. The control of soil erosion in the cultivated land is strongly related to the agricultural, environmental, economic and social concerns. New technologies are highly demanding to develop for the control of soil erosion in cultivated land. In the present, chemical measures represented by soil anti-erosion material are the focus of current research. However, the ecological benefits of previous materials are not enough to meet the requirements in the environmentally sensitive areas, such as cultivated land. Seeking new feasible materials with excellent soil anti-erosion and ecological benefits has become the great issue in the key investigation of soil anti-erosion materials. As endogenous substances in soil, the soil polysaccharides have excellent ecological benefits, indicating perfect needs of cultivated land. In this study, a novel kind of soil polysaccharide-based material was added into the soil, thereby to investigate the influence on soil strength and water cycle, with emphasis on its application possibility to prevent and control soil erosion in the sloping farmland. The material was also cheap easy to be industrial produced. The direct shear, disintegration, and permeability tests were selected to explore the relationship between addition amount, curing age, shear strength, permeability, and anti-disintegration effect in soil. The results indicated that the material can be used to enhance the cohesion, indicating that the cohesion was positively correlated with the amount of material addition under the same curing time. At the same addition amount, the cohesion increased with the curing age, where the increase was mainly distributed in the early stage of curing. The internal friction angle increased slightly after the application of materials under different addition amount and curing time, where the increasing of internal friction angle ranged between 5.42% to 7.29%. The anti-disintegration effect was improved with the increase of addition amount, indicating that a small amount addition can achieve excellent performance. The disintegration rate of 0.25% concentration treated group decreased 66.1% of control group after 1-hour curing, and the 1% concentration treated group had no disintegration during 30 min test. The permeability of soil samples first increased and then decreased, with the increasing of material application concentration. The permeability coefficient of soil samples was achieved the maximum at 0.25% concentration treated group (2.86×10<sup>-5</sup> cm/s), the minimum at 1% concentration treated group (0.91×10<sup>-5</sup> cm/s). All the samples belonged to the medium permeable layer, where to ensure the exchange of water and air for the crop growth. Furthermore, all the experiments demonstrated that the short-term and simple curing can be used to achieve excellent anti-corrosion effect after the application of materials, while, the easy application suitable for the sloping farmland. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed the materials can form the hydrogel on soil particles surfaces and pores, indicating that the materials can wrap the soil particles in the form of a hydrogel network structure, thereby to enhance resistance to soil corrosion.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Corrosion resistance - Corrosive effects - Cultivation - Curing - Disintegration - Erosion - Farms - Food supply - Hydrogels - Image enhancement - Internal friction - Land use - Scanning electron microscopy - Shear flow - Shear strength - Soil conservation - Soil surveys - Soils - Underground corrosion
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural cultivation - Disintegration rate - Endogenous substances - Environmentally sensitive areas - Internal friction angle - Material application - Permeability characteristics - Scanning electron microscopy image
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 2.50e-01%, Percentage 5.42e+00% to 7.29e+00%, Percentage 6.61e+01%, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20210409825718
Title:Spatio-temporal evolution of cultivated land and analysis of influence factors in karst mountainous areas
Title of translation:喀斯特山区耕地时空演变与影响因子分析
Authors:Zhang, Yang (1, 2); Zhou, Zhongfa (1, 2); Huang, Denghong (1, 3); Zhu, Meng (1, 3); Wu, Yue (1, 2); Sun, Jianwei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) The State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Karst Mountain Ecology Environment of Guizhou Province, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Zhongfa(fa6897@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:266-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated land is a valuable ecological resource to ensure food security and high-quality development of the national economy. Therefore, the temporal and spatial evolution of a cultivated land and its influencing factors have become a critical way to improve the quality of agricultural development, and facilitate the sustainable use of a cultivated land, finally to promote the revitalization of rural industries in karst mountainous areas of southwest China. However, less previous studies focus on the coupling effects of cultivated land and socio-economic development, as well as the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors. There is also a lack of long-term evolution analysis and detection of influencing factors for a cultivated land in western karst mountain areas at the spatial scale. Taking the cultivated land in Guizhou Province as the research object, an in-depth exploration of spatial distribution and spatiotemporal evolution were performed on the cultivated land data for the five periods in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018. The spatial analysis function of GIS was combined with the kernel density, Lorenz curve, and Geo Detector methods. The area was divided into the grids of 10 km×10 km, to explore the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of a cultivated land in the karst mountainous areas. The kernel density was used to identify the change in the distribution density of a cultivated land in the mountainous areas. The Lorenz curve was applied to analyze the balance on the spatial distribution of a cultivated land. Moran index was used to clarify the spatial agglomeration characteristics of cultivated land area. The dynamics degree of a cultivated land was selected to express the rate of change in the amount and distribution of cultivated land resources. The transfer matrix of land use was applied to represent the transformation methods of a cultivated land and other land types. The Geo Detector was used to quantitatively evaluate the factors and influence intensity that affecting the distribution of cultivated land and the temporal and spatial evolution in the study area. The results indicated that: The cultivated land resources were found "more in the northwest and less in the southeast" in Guizhou, showing the unbalanced spatial distribution. The area density was in clusters, with the less total cultivated land around the provincial capital, ecological vulnerable zones, and karst area. The distribution of cultivated land within the province was positively correlated to space, where the high-high clusters was similar in natural conditions, while the most low-low clusters was the typical karst areas or other ecologically fragile areas. At the time scale, the total cultivated land and density showed a turning point in 2005, and decreased gradually thereafter. From 2000 to 2018, the land use transfer was mainly outwards to the woodland, grassland and land for construction, with the dynamic changes increasingly intense over time (slightly calmed at the end). At the spatial scale, the increase and decrease of cultivated land were rather balanced across the stages, indicating that the decrease in the area was stable, while, the increase reduced from the peak to the bottom, finally stabilized at a lower position. According to the Geo Detector, the primary influencing factors for the spatial distribution of a cultivated land in Guizhou were the population and GDP, whereas, the secondary factors density of road networks and average gradient. The socio-economic factors showed a greater influence than natural factors. A clear understanding can be achieved on the distribution pattern of cultivated land in the karst mountainous area, while, the temporal and spatial evolution with the driving factors can be served as a sound reference for the efficient utilization of a cultivated land and sustainable development of the region. The finding can provide an important guidance for the sustainable development and food security in karst mountainous areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Ecology - Economics - Factor analysis - Food supply - Landforms - Linear transformations - Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Motor transportation - Planning - Spatial distribution - Sustainable development - Transfer matrix method
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Analysis of influence factors - Density of road network - Karst mountainous areas - Socio-economic development - Spatiotemporal evolution - Temporal and spatial evolutions - Transformation methods
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20210409825434
Title:Farmland topographic mapping based on UAV and LiDAR technology
Title of translation:基于无人机与激光测距技术的农田地形测绘
Authors:Du, Mengmeng (1, 2); Liu, Yingchao (3); Ji, Jiangtao (1); Jin, Xin (1); Zhou, Hao (1); Liu, Ke (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Jiangtao(jjt0907@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:60-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precision Land Leveling (PLL) is the key technology to build high-standard farmland, and thereby improve unit yield of crop. However, the accurate terrain data of farmland is severely lacking for the massive application of PLL in China. Two means are mainly used to collect land terrain data, including the remote sensing and contact topographic mapping. In the contact topographic mapping, the high accuracy of each points can be achieved using the equipment, such as the total station, but the efficiency and accuracy of interpolating data are still far from satisfactory in the case of large areas. In the remote sensing topographic mapping, the aerial photogrammetric or Light Detecting and Ranging(LiDAR) technologies can be used to cover large areas during one flight mission, but the overall accuracy depends highly on the total number and spatial distribution of selected Ground Control Points(GCPs). Therefore, it is necessary to acquire high-precision land terrain data, and then to establish sophisticated terrain model of farmland for PLL operation in time and cost saving. In this study, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) equipped with the low-cost LiDAR and modules of light-weighted Post-Processing Kinematic Global Positioning System(PPK-GPS) was utilized to acquire the multiple remote sensing data in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, China. Firstly, a mean-filter was used to preprocess the data from LiDAR distance measurement, thereby to synchronize with the PPK-GPS data in an improved accuracy. Secondly, the time-varying attitude (pitch and roll) data in the UAV was considered to correct the preprocessed LiDAR distance measurements, in order to remove the impacts of constantly changing attitude of UAV platform. Then, the PPK-GPS data and the corrected LiDAR distance measurements were integrated to calculate the altitude of land surface, and finally 1 417 sets of effective discrete terrain surveying points were obtained in 3-dimensional coordinates (longitude, latitude, altitude). An accurate evaluation was also carried out in the PPK-GPS modules and LiDAR device still for 10 mins consecutively, where the vertical accuracy of positioning data from PPK-GPS and the distance measuring accuracy of LiDAR were 3 cm and 1 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy of 3-dimensional coordinates of discrete terrain surveying points was validated in the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system using a hand-hold PPK-GPS device, suitable for the centimeter-level accuracy. The Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of terrain surveying method in between the UAV-LiDAR topographic mapping system and the hand-hold PPK-GPS was 5.2 cm, indicating a high accuracy in the terrain surveying domain. A Kriging interpolation model was used to establish a Digital Terrain Model(DTM), according to the 1 417 sets of 3-dimensional coordinates of effective discrete terrain surveying points. The DTM accuracy was slightly lower than that of UAV-LiDAR-based farmland topographic mapping system. This difference can be attributed to the measuring accuracy of individual points, and the spatial distribution of measured points in a ground survey. Therefore, the proposed approach can be expected to improve the efficiency and time/cost saving, while the accuracy of farmland terrain surveying, and thereby to promote high-standard farmland.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Optical radar
Controlled terms:Antennas - Distance measurement - Efficiency - Farms - Global positioning system - Interpolation - Landforms - Mean square error - Phase locked loops - Remote sensing - Rock mechanics - Spatial distribution - Surveys - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Digital terrain model - Ground control points - Kinematic global positioning systems - Kriging interpolation - Light detecting and ranging technologies - Remote sensing data - Root mean square errors - Topographic mapping
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 713.5 Electronic Circuits Other Than Amplifiers, Oscillators, Modulators, Limiters, Discriminators or Mixers - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 5.20e-02m, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20210409826081
Title:Effects of micro-nano oxygenated water addition on nitrification of Xinjiang sandy loam soil under controlled conditions
Title of translation:培养条件下微纳米增氧水添加对新疆砂壤土硝化作用的影响
Authors:Qu, Zhi (1); Li, Mingjiang (1); Wang, Quanjiu (1); Sun, Yan (1); Su, Lijun (1); Li, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Quanjiu(wquanjiu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:189-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water shortage and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer are two prominent problems in the agricultural production system globally. Finding new ways to improve the efficiency of water and nitrogen fertilizer use is of great significance to the realization of sustainable agricultural development. Oxygenated water is an efficient and non-pollution irrigation water treatment technology. The application of oxygenated water in the irrigation in agricultural production can improve the soil environmental conditions and promote crop growth. In this study, the objective was to investigate the effect of oxygenated water on soil nitrification under different water contents. The oxygenated water was produced by a rapid generation device of micro-nano bubbles, and the dissolved oxygen concentration in water was monitored to reach 20 mg/L. Silt sandy loam soil sampled from the Xinjiang cotton production area was incubated with ammonium sulfate as additional substrate under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Either ordinary water or oxygenated water was added into soil to obtain different soil moisture conditions (30%, 60%, 100% and 175% of Water Holding Capacity, WHC). During the incubation, soil samples were taken and NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N contents were analyzed on day 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 20. The nitrification kinetic equation and nitrification intensity were used to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic change characteristics of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N content over time. The initial consumption rate of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, the maximum consumption rate of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, the time to reach maximum consumption rate and the average production rate of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N from each treatment were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the nitrogen transformation of the studied silt sandy loam was dominated by nitrification. During incubation, the NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N added into soil was consumed, and almost depleted in all treatments except the ones with 30%WHC; The NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N was produced simultaneously. For both the ordinary water and the oxygenated water treatments, with the increase of moisture content, the soil nitrification intensity first increased to the maximum at 100%WHC, and then decreased. Under different soil moisture conditions, oxygenated water treatment affected the soil nitrification intensity to varying degrees. Compared with ordinary water treatment, oxygenated water promoted nitrification most significantly under the condition of 60%WHC, the maximum consumption rate of soil NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N increased by 8.9%; the peak occurrence time was earlier, and the average generation rate of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N increased. Under the condition of 100%WHC, no significant difference was found in the consumption of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N in the oxygenated water treatments, and only the average generation rate of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N increases by 1.58 times. Under the condition of 175%WHC, the maximum consumption rate of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N in the soil decreased by 21.5% and the peak occurrence time lagged; and the average generation rate of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N did not change obviously. This research proposes the most suitable water condition for the promotion of soil nitrogen transformation by oxygenated water, which provides an important theoretical basis for the development of agricultural efficient water and fertilizer utilization technology.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biochemical oxygen demand - Dissolved oxygen - Integral equations - Irrigation - Nitrification - Nitrogen compounds - Nitrogen fertilizers - Silt - Soil conditioners - Soil moisture - Substrates - Sulfur compounds - Water pollution - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production system - Agricultural productions - Different water contents - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Environmental conditions - Nitrogen transformations - Soil nitrogen transformations - Sustainable agricultural development
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.75e+02%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20210409826191
Title:Detection of rice seeds vigor based on photoacoustic spectrum combined with TCA transfer learning
Title of translation:基于光声光谱和TCA迁移学习的稻种活力检测
Authors:Lu, Wei (1); Zhang, Zixu (1); Cai, Miaomiao (1); Zhang, Yifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of Modern Facility Agriculture Technology and Equipment, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:341-348
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seed vigor is one of the most important factors in determining rice yield. The nondestructive test methods of rice seeds vigor, such as near infrared spectroscopy and hyperspectral spectroscopy, are easily affected by seed skin color, particularly where the current models are difficult to adapt to new varieties of rice. In this study, a non-destructive testing method was proposed to detect the seed vigor of new varieties of rice, using the photoacoustic spectroscopy technology, combined with the transfer learning. First, six typical regional representative rice varieties were selected in different latitudes in China, including Yliangyou, Longjing, Nanjing, Ningjing, Wuyunjing and Xinliangyou county. An aging box model RXZ-128A was used for the artificially ageing under high temperature and humidity. The temperature in the aging box was 45°C, and the relative humidity was maintained at 95%, to obtain rice seeds with the aging time of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days. A Nicolet Is50R infrared spectrometer (Thermal Fish, USA) was used in conjunction with the PA300 photoacoustic cell produced by MTEC Photoacoustics to establish a rice seed photoacoustic spectrum acquisition system, thereby to acquire 8 different depths of rice seed photoacoustic spectrum information. The germination test was conducted on rice seeds with different aging days, and the average germination rates of 0-7 days aging days were 93.54%, 91.56%, 89.56%, 87.71%, 84.35%, 78.22%, 72.21%, and 66.33% respectively. After pre-processing and ensemble empirical mode decomposition denoising, the principal component analysis and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling can be used to reduce the dimension of spectrum, and thereby obtained the characteristic spectrum. Then, the Partial Least Squares Regression(PLSR), Back Propagation Neural Network(BP), Generalized Regression Neural Network(GRNN), Support Vector Regression(SVR), Convolutional Netural Network(CNN) prediction models of rice seed vigor were established for Yliangyou, Longjing, Nanjing, Ningjing, and Wuyunjing county, and the optimal modulation frequency were selected. Finally, a new CNN prediction model was established for a new rice seed vigor using source domain data, concurrently, the photoacoustic spectroscopy target domain data of the Xinliangyou rice seed was input after transfer learning into the newly established CNN model for vigor prediction. The germination test showed that with the deepening aging of rice seeds, the vigor, germination rate, and germination potential of rice seeds gradually decreased, the plant height of seedlings decreased, the dry weight decreased, and the seedlings became thin and grow slowly. The modeling results showed that the best scanning frequency of photoacoustic spectrum was 300 Hz, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling had good spectral dimension reduction effect, where the prediction accuracy of CNN model was higher, the correlation coefficient and root mean square error were better than 0.990 9 and 0.507 7, respectively. After transfer learning, the vitality of new rice varieties can be directly and accurately predicted only by training the data of source domain. In TCA transfer learning, the correlation coefficient of prediction for the Xinliangyou rice seed vigor increased from 0.718 5 to 0.990 3. The usage of photoacoustic spectroscopy deep scanning technology can be proved to be feasible to detect the vigor of different types of rice with high precision. After transfer learning, only a small amount of information about new varieties of rice are required to be used to accurately predict rice seed vigor.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Convolutional neural networks - Cultivation - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Learning systems - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Photoacoustic effect - Photoacoustic spectroscopy - Predictive analytics - Spectrometers - Support vector regression - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Back propagation neural networks - Correlation coefficient - Ensemble empirical mode decomposition - Generalized Regression Neural Network(GRNN) - Non-destructive test methods - Nondestructive testing method - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 0.00e+00yr to 1.92e-02yr, Age 1.92e-02yr, Frequency 3.00e+02Hz, Percentage 6.63e+01%, Percentage 7.22e+01%, Percentage 7.82e+01%, Percentage 8.43e+01%, Percentage 8.77e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+01%, Percentage 9.16e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Temperature 3.18e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20210409826116
Title:Research progresses and frontiers in anti-seepage and anti-frost heave of canals in cold-arid regions
Title of translation:旱寒区输水渠道防渗抗冻胀研究进展与前沿
Authors:Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2, 3); Jiang, Haoyuan (1, 2); Wang, Yi (1, 2); Liu, Quanhong (1, 2); Ge, Jianrui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, CAS, Lanzhou; 730000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:120-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Canals, as the preferred form of water conveyance, play an important role in the agricultural irrigation and long-distance water diversion projects in arid regions. However, the arid regions are mainly distributed in the seasonal permafrost regions in China, namely arid-cold regions. Due to the interaction between the canal seepage and frost heave, the freeze-thaw aging damages are more severe and common. The field investigation shows that the failure forms of canals include seepage, swelling, uplift, overhead, instability and collapse, and limit the safe operation and performance of canals seriously. In this study, the research progresses of the theories and technologies of anti-seepage and anti-frost heave for canals in arid-cold areas were summarized. Firstly, the mechanism of freeze-thaw failure and failure mode for canals was analyzed by indoor unit experiments, model experiments and field monitoring. Secondly, the engineering mechanical models of canal frost heaving failure were introduced based on limit equilibrium theory, such as material mechanics model and elastic mechanics model. Thirdly, multi-field coupling numerical models were developed including coupled heat-mechanics model, heat-water-mechanics model and the interaction model between frozen soil and canal lining. Lastly, the development processes of anti-seepage and anti-frost heave technologies for canals were expounded from four aspects: 1) the thermal insulation and preservation technologies against the external low temperature on soil and heat loss; 2) the anti-seepage and drainage technologies to reduce water content and water migration in soil; 3) soil replacement with sand or gravel technologies; 4) force release technologies by section structure optimization. With the increase of canal scale and upgrading demand for disrepair canals in harsh environment, the frost heaving failure mode was complex. The research frontiers and technical difficulties in this study mainly included: 1) the multi-field coupling failure mechanism and failure mode in the complex environment, such as solar radiation, freeze-thaw cycles and salinization, and operation conditions, such as water conveyance in winter with or without ice cover and water level dropping; 2) further development of multi-field coupling simulation model based on coupled heat-water-mechanics model covered the following aspects: canal thermal boundary with solar radiation and convective heat transfer model considering section form; canal damage model of freeze-thaw deterioration considering frost heaving and thawing of soil to analyze canal slope collapse; viscoplastic damage model for contact surface according to experiment on interfacial strength and stress-strain characteristics of lining-separated ice-frozen soil under freeze-thaw cycles; effects of salt on parameters of moisture field, thermal field and mechanical field and coupled heat-water-mechanics-salt model; 3) the canal failure criterion determination including strength, stiffness and stability of structures combined with field monitoring and numerical model, then modified the engineering mechanical model from the aspects of frost heaving force and adfreezing force distribution and foundation coefficient, and eventually formed a set of design method using engineering mechanical model to design and numerical model to check; 4) moisture, temperature and displacement changes under different anti-seepage and anti-frost heave measures of canals and standardization design combined with experiments, failure criterion and numerical model; 5) the dynamic disaster process and prevention and control technologies of canals determination by the following methods: classified variables such as environmental factors, operating conditions, section forms and failure forms of canals based on the field monitoring data and numerical simulation results, and then established the relationship between the variables by neural network and other algorithms. Finally, the future research directions were discussed and included: 1) complement of the design theory and method for anti-seepage and anti-frost heave; 2) establishment of dynamic evolution forecasting model for disaster chain in the whole life cycle. These may help to provide guidance to scientific design and efficient operation of water conveyance canals in arid-cold areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:98
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Arid regions - Canal linings - Complex networks - Design - Deterioration - Disaster prevention - Disasters - Dynamics - Environmental technology - Failure (mechanical) - Failure modes - Flood control - Freezing - Frost effects - Frozen soils - Heat convection - Ice control - Irrigation canals - Moisture - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Professional aspects - Radiation effects - Seepage - Slope stability - Solar radiation - Stress-strain curves - Structural optimization - Temperature - Thawing - Thermal Engineering - Thermal insulation - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Convective heat transfer model - Future research directions - Limit equilibrium theory - Preservation technologies - Stability of structures - Stress strain characteristics - Viscoplastic-damage models - Water diversion project
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 407.2 Waterways - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 901.1 Engineering Professional Aspects - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20210409825832
Title:Identification of japonica rice panicle blast in alpine region by UAV hyperspectral remote sensing
Title of translation:高寒地区粳稻穗颈瘟的无人机高光谱遥感识别
Authors:Kong, Fanchang (1); Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Yu, Ziyang (1); Meng, Xiangtian (1); Han, Yu (1, 2); Zhang, Xinle (1); Song, Shaozhong (3); Luo, Chong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China; (3) School of Information Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun; 130052, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinle(xinlezhang@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:22
Issue date:November 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:68-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Panicle blast is one of the most serious diseases in the rice production process. Because of its rapid transmission, difficult prevention and control, and strong destruction, it has the greatest impact on yield. The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral remote sensing can not only realize the accurate monitoring of diseases and insect pests in a larger range and with higher spatial resolution but also promoted the application of the hyperspectral theory of rice blast. In this study, a field experiment on rice blast was conducted in Yongji, Jilin from April to September 2019. Jiyujing (code name: ji90-g4) was selected as the experimental variety. In order to maximally stimulate the natural onset of rice blast, Mongolian rice inoculated with Pyricularia oryzae was used as the inducing plant to infect healthy rice. The UAV hyperspectral remote sensing platform (UAV: DJI M600 Pro; Imaging spectrometer: Cubert S185) was used to collect hyperspectral image data of the entire experimental area. At the same time, plant protection experts were invited on the ground to classify the 30 sampling points according to the health, mild, moderate, and severe simultaneous disease severity. ENVI 5.3 was used for the geometric correction of the image. According to the GPS positioning points determined by ground sampling, each corresponding sampling area was extracted into a Region Of Interest (ROI) according to the 30 × 30(pixels) rectangular area, and the corresponding ground spatial resolution was 0.9 m × 0.9 m. The spectral data of all pixels in each ROI were averaged, and different spectral preprocessing and mathematical transformations were carried out as the input of the model. The samples were randomly divided into the modeling set and verification set according to the ratio of 2: 1, and then Random Forest (RF) model was used for modeling. RF model avoided the overfitting problem when there were few sampling points. The overall reflectance of rice spectral curve with different panicle blast grades showed a downward trend, and change at 670 nm was the strongest correlation with the change of rice blast grade; Continuum Removal (CR) treatment further improved the spectral difference of target objects, and there were three obvious inflection points of reflection and absorption between 466 and 750 nm, with 498, 534, and 666 nm as the center points. Based on a variety of the Combination of Vegetation Indices (CVIs) which reflected the changes in rice physiological parameters, the best results were obtained in RF modeling. The highest accuracy of modeling was 90% and the Kappa coefficient was 0.86. At the same time, it explained the changes in plant physiological parameters such as chlorophyll, carotenoid, nitrogen content, cell structure, red edge, and so on. The relationship between the spectrum of panicle blast and the variation of plant parameters were established. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method for data processing and modeling, which was often used in previous studies on rice blast spectrum, did not achieve ideal results in this study, which might be due to the difference between field and laboratory environmental conditions. How to reduce environmental noise and extract more effective disease information would be the key to the next step of research. Compared with the indoor spectral theory research of rice blast, the UAV hyperspectral remote sensing monitoring experiment is the theoretical research, and it is the key link to the field rice blast quantitative remote sensing monitoring and early warning grading, filling the gap between the theory and practice of rice blast monitoring.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Antennas - Data handling - Decision trees - Grading - Hyperspectral imaging - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Mathematical transformations - Physiological models - Physiology - Pixels - Sampling - Spectroscopy - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Data processing and modeling - Environmental conditions - Hyperspectral image datas - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Physiological parameters - Prevention and controls - Quantitative remote sensing - Spectral preprocessing
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 4.66e-07m to 7.50e-07m, Size 6.66e-07m, Size 6.70e-07m, Size 9.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.22.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
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- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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