<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20210409829051
Title:Difference of the ratio of maize stovers to grain and spatiotemporal variation characteristics of maize stovers in China
Title of translation:中国玉米秸秆草谷比及其资源时空分布特征
Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Jia, Jixiu (1); Zhao, Yanan (1); Fu, Guohao (1); Cong, Hongbin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Zonglu(yaozonglu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:227-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Since maize stovers resources are abundant in China, the ratio of stovers to grain is mostly used to estimate the stovers resources in the statistical methods. However, the recommended value for the ratio of stovers to grain deviates greatly from the actual one. This study aims to analyze the differences in the ratio of stovers to grain from the maize stovers in 9 provinces in China, thereby to explore the amount and distribution of maize stovers resources. According to the measured value for the ratio of stovers to grain, the spatial and spatiotemporal changes were evaluated on maize stovers resources in the past 10 years, and consequently predicted the potential of maize stovers resources. The results showed that the measured value was (0.84±0.23)for the ratio of stovers to grain in the maize stovers. The ratio of stovers to grain varied significantly in different regions and species. The improvement of corn species and changes in planting patterns resulted in the decrease in the ratio of stovers to grain year by year. From 2009 to 2018, the ratio of stovers to grain decreased from 1.2 to 0.8.The collection coefficient of maize stovers was becoming lower, as the mechanized harvest rate of corn increased, indicating a decrease from 0.93 in 2009 to 0.88 in 2018. In 2018, while, the theoretical output of maize stovers in China was 2.16×10<sup>8</sup>t, only 3.9% increased from 2009. The corn stalk resources were highest in the Northeast and North China, accounting for more than 50% of the total. Compared with the output of 2009, the theoretical output of stovers in the Northeast, North China and Northwest increased by 1 142.8×10<sup>4</sup>, 224.4×10<sup>4</sup> and 109.6×10<sup>4</sup> t in 2018. The theoretical output in the East, Central, Southwest, and South China declined slightly, indicating that reduced by 110×10<sup>4</sup>-220×10<sup>4</sup> t. The ratio of stovers to grain of maize stovers decreased gradually, and the collection output of maize stovers per unit area decreased, as the region from north to south, and from west to east. Collection output of maize stovers per unit area was 4.51 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, showing an increase of 23% over 2009's.The sort of collection output of maize stovers can be the Northeast, North China, East, Northwest, then Central, Southwest, and then South China. The theoretical output of maize stovers and the collection output were predicted to be (2.53±0.58)×10<sup>8</sup> t, and (1.86±0.51)×10<sup>8</sup> t in 2025. It was recommended to revise the existing statistical data of stovers resources, according to the measured value of ratio of stovers to grain. The finding can provide a basic reference data for rational planning and utilization of maize stovers.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agriculture
Uncontrolled terms:Collection coefficient - Measured values - Rational planning - Recommended values - Reference data - Spatio-temporal changes - Spatio-temporal variation - Statistical datas
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20210409829037
Title:Estimation and counting of wheat ears density in field based on deep convolutional neural network
Title of translation:基于深度卷积神经网络的田间麦穗密度估计及计数
Authors:Bao, Wenxia (1); Zhang, Xin (1); Hu, Gensheng (1); Huang, Linsheng (1); Liang, Dong (1); Lin, Ze (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Linsheng(linsheng0808@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:186-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat is one of the most important grain crops in the world. The stability of wheat yield is crucial to global food security. The final yield of wheat can be calculated by the number of ears per unit area. Using deep learning technology to accurately and automatically count the number of wheat ears can save a lot of manpower and material resources. The images of wheat ears from four different wheat varieties during grain filling period were collected, and 296 images with a total of 14 964 ears of wheat were selected to construct the WEE data set. The method of point labeling was used to label the wheat ears in the images. In order to quickly and accurately count the number of wheat ears in complex crowded scenes, a method of estimating the density map and counting the number of wheat ears in field wheat images was proposed. Firstly, histogram equalization and threshold segmentation were used to preprocess the collected field wheat images to reduce the influence of light and some complex backgrounds on counting. Then, according to the characteristics of dense wheat growth at grain filling period, the Congested Scene Recognition Network (CSRNet) was introduced to construct the wheat ear density map estimation model. The CSRNet network was composed of front-end and a back-end networks. The front-end network uses the pre-training model VGG16 to extract the features of the wheat images, and the back-end network uses the dilation convolution to generate the distribution density map while expanding the receptive field. In order to improve the accuracy of the model in the training process, the transfer learning method was used to pre-train the model by using the public wheat image data set, and the collected wheat image data set was used to adjust and optimize the model parameters. The trained model was used to generate the wheat ear density map of a single wheat image, and the wheat ears were counted according to the sum of all density values in the density map. Finally, according to the test data of a single wheat ear image, a wheat ear counting function was constructed to estimate the number of wheat ears in the field. Experiments were conducted on a total of 296 wheat images collected from four varieties (Annong170, Sumai 188, Lemai 608 and Ningmai 24). The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were 16.44 and 17.89, respectively. The correlation coefficient R<sup>2</sup> between the ear count values and the true values of the four varieties of wheat was about 0.9, indicating that the method in this paper has a higher accuracy for counting wheat ears in a single image. In addition, the experiment of estimating the number of wheat ears in the field showed that the error of estimation of wheat ears was smaller with the increase of area. The results of this study can provide the possibility of automatic estimation of the number of wheat ears in practical application process, and also provide a reference for wheat yield estimation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Errors - Food supply - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Learning systems - Mean square error - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic estimation - Correlation coefficient - Distribution density - Grain-filling periods - Histogram equalizations - Root mean square errors - Threshold segmentation - Transfer learning methods
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20210409829149
Title:Farmland consolidation zoning based on coupling of improved limiting factors and farmland quality potential
Title of translation:基于限制因子改良与耕地质量潜力耦合的耕地整治分区
Authors:Zhao, Haile (1); Xu, Yan (1, 2); Zhang, Guoliang (1, 2); Zhou, Yi (1, 2); Chang, Yuyang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Qualify, Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yan(xyan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:272-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sustainable utilization of regional land resources requires to scientifically delimit the key areas of farmland consolidation. In this study, taking the Hetao-Tumechuan plain of Inner Mongolia as the research area, the zoning type of farmland consolidation was determined via coupling the limiting factors on the improvement degree of classification, particularly from the improvable limiting factors of farmland. The promotion potential index model of quality grades, and the local spatial auto correlation model were adopted to divide the improvement potential area of farmland quality. The results showed that: 1) the improvement of farmland quality was mainly limited by the content of soil organic matter and the degree of salinization. The farmland in the grade one of improvement degree for the limiting factors was mainly concentrated in the middle region of study area, while, that of grade two and three was in the eastern and western area. The difficulty of farmland consolidation behaved a trend of "high on both sides but low in the middle". 2) The distribution of promotion potential index in the physical quality grade was high in the West but low in the East. There were obvious spatial differences in the improvement potential of farmland quality. In the eastern Tumechuan plain, the improvement potential of farmland quality mainly presented the "low-low" aggregation distribution, indicating the positive correlation type and concentrated contiguous distribution. In the Western Hetao Plain, the improvement potential of farmland quality with "high-high" aggregation type was mainly distributed in the central region, and the farmland area with the "low-low" aggregation type was less and sporadic, as well as the rest of farmland behaved the non-aggregation type. 3) The farmland in the study area was divided into four types. The farmland of key-consolidation type was 0.84×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. The promotion potential of farmland quality in this type was higher, while, the difficulty of its consolidation was low, indicating the preferred area of farmland consolidation. The farmland of select-consolidation type was 22.22×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. The promotion potential of farmland quality in this type was general overall, but the difficulty of its consolidation was relatively low, where the land with the relatively high potential for the quality improvement and concentrated contiguous can be chosen to implement the land consolidation. The farmland of protected-consolidation type was 54.98×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. The promotion potential of farmland quality in this type was general overall, and the difficulty of its consolidation was high, which can be included in the protective zone of prime farmland. The farmland of unsuitable-consolidation type was 24.46×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. The promotion potential of farmland quality in this type was higher overall, but the difficulty of its consolidation was high, which can be selectively returned to forest and grassland. The proposed method can provide a sound reference for the application of some limiting factors in farmland consolidation zoning in semi-arid areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Landforms - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Farmland consolidations - Forest and grassland - Land consolidations - Positive correlations - Quality improvement - Soil organic matters - Spatial differences - Sustainable utilization
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20210409829155
Title:Frost heave mechanical model of concrete lining trapezoidal canal considering nonuniform frost heave of foundation soil based on elastic foundation beam theory
Title of translation:考虑基土不均匀冻胀的梯形渠道混凝土衬砌弹性地基梁力学模型
Authors:Li, Zongli (1, 2); Yao, Xiwang (1); Zhang, Rui (1); Shao, Huajian (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:114-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In areas with high groundwater levels in cold regions, due to the different distances between the calculation points of the canal slope lining slab and the groundwater level, the frost heave of the foundation soil under the slope lining slab presents a different distribution from the canal top to the canal bottom. The slope lining slab has a large amount of frost heave in the bottom area of the canal, and a small amount of frost heave in the canal top area. To explore the effect of nonuniform frost heave of foundation soil caused by high groundwater level in cold areas on the frost heave of concrete lining trapezoidal cannal, the interaction effect between the lining slab and the foundation soil was disintegrated into the uneven free frost heave displacement of the foundation soil, the displacement produced by the reaction of the lining slab and frozen soil, and the relative rotational displacement of the slope lining slab produced by the restraint of the slope foot. Thus, an elastic foundation beam model that satisfied the coordination of deformation at both ends was established based on the elastic foundation beam model proposed earlier. Taking the canal with slope coefficient of 1 and groundwater level of 5 m as an example, this canal was surrounded by the high liquid limit soil in the Gansu Province. The interaction between the different lengths of slope lining slabs and the nonuniform frost heave foundation soil in the process of frost heave was explored. The results showed that for every 1-m increase in the length of the slope lining slab, the maximum value of frost heave reaction force at the slope foot increased by 142%, and the maximum value of bending moment averagely increased by 223%. Meanwhile, the position of the maximum value of the bending moment moved from the original one-third of the slope foot to the slope foot. Therefore, it was recommended that the cross section should better be designed as wide and shallow as possible in order to reduce the influence of nonuniform frost heave of the foundation soil caused by the groundwater level on the canal lining slabs. For trapezoidal canal with narrow and deep cross-sections, it was recommended to set joints within one-third to one-fifth of the length of the slope lining slab from the slope foot to release the frost heave force. The specific location should be comprehensively considered and determined according to the groundwater level, the length of the slope lining slab and the slope coefficient. Meanwhile, taking the slope lining slab length of 4 m as an example, the difference between the effects of nonuniform frost heave and uniform frost heave on the slope lining slab was explored, and maximum frost heave reaction force and maximum bending moments were 264% and 170% greater than the uniform frost heave of the foundation soil, respectively. Therefore, when designing the anti-freeze-heave canal lining slabs in the cold area with high groundwater, the calculation should be based on the nonuniform frost heave elastic foundation beam model. This study can guide the design of anti-frost heave of canal lining slabs in cold areas with high groundwater.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Concretes
Controlled terms:Bending moments - Canal linings - Canals - Foundations - Frost effects - Frozen soils - Groundwater - Hydraulic structures - Linings
Uncontrolled terms:Different distributions - Elastic foundation beam - Frost heave forces - Interaction effect - Maximum bending moments - Rotational displacements - Specific location - Trapezoidal canal
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 412 Concrete - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2 Foundations - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.42e+02%, Percentage 1.70e+02%, Percentage 2.23e+02%, Percentage 2.64e+02%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20210409829159
Title:Wind turbine load shedding control based on multi MPC algorithm
Title of translation:基于复合MPC算法的风电机组降载控制
Authors:Tian, De (1); Chen, Zhonglei (1); Deng, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing; 102206, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:65-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The proportion of wind power in the global total power supply is also increasing year by year, and the single unit capacity of wind turbine is also increasing. At the same time, the load of the key components of wind turbine is also more and more large, and the reliability requirements of the structure and control technology are also more and more high, so the impact on the stability of the access system is more and more difficult to be ignored. Therefore, the control strategy and technology of wind turbine control system need not only the power optimization control ability, but also the load reduction control ability. The current research status of wind turbine load reduction is investigated, and the research status of model predictive control (MPC) technology is analyzed. Firstly, the wind turbine system, pitch system and drive chain system of wind turbine are modeled and analyzed, which lays the foundation for the further research of wind turbine control technology. Then, the model predictive control technology is studied deeply. Model predictive control is a kind of control algorithm to deal with nonlinear large time-delay system, which is essentially to solve an open-loop optimal control problem. In order to carry out the simulation comparative study, the variable pitch proportional integral controller of wind turbine is designed; based on the theory of model predictive control technology, the model predictive control controller of wind turbine and the multi model predictive control controller of wind turbine are designed. In the design of the model predictive control pitch controller of wind turbine, the cumulative error between the predicted output of the controlled actuator and the expected target is used as the objective optimization function; in the design of the multi model predictive control pitch controller of wind turbine, five continuous and non overlapping wind speed intervals are set, and five model predictions are designed for five different wind speed intervals At the same time, a division method of multi control objectives operation interval of wind turbine is designed to ensure that the multi model predictive control controller of wind turbine can continuously output control signals. Finally, in order to verify the load reduction ability of multi model predictive control controller for wind turbine, a real-time simulation platform based on MATLAB and TUV GL bladed is designed and written in C++. After verifying the advantages of model predictive control of wind turbine compared with traditional proportional integral controller, the nonlinear model of 2MW doubly fed wind turbine in GL bladed software is taken as the research object, and the multi model predictive control controller, model predictive control controller and traditional proportional integral controller of wind turbine are simulated and analyzed. The results show that, compared with the traditional proportional integral controller and model predictive controller, model predictive controller can effectively reduce the fluctuation amplitude of wind turbine speed, restrain the overshoot of speed, reduce the load of the transmission chain of wind turbine, restrain the fluctuation amplitude and change rate of the pitch angle of wind turbine, and reduce the operation of the pitch mechanism of wind turbine Load. It can reduce the operation cost to a certain extent and improve the overall life of wind turbine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:C++ (programming language) - Delay control systems - Electric load shedding - MATLAB - Model predictive control - Optimal control systems - Predictive analytics - Predictive control systems - Two term control systems - Wind - Wind power - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Current research status - Large-time-delay system - Model predictive controllers - Objective optimization - Open loop optimal control - Proportional integral controllers - Real time simulation platform - Reliability requirements
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Power 2.00e+06W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20210409829113
Title:Model construction of dynamic inversion and experimental verification for the void of sluice floor on the soft foundation
Title of translation:软基水闸底板脱空动力学反演模型构建与试验验证
Authors:Li, Huokun (1); Yu, Jie (1); Wang, Gang (1); Wei, Bowen (1); Huang, Wei (1); Huang, Jinlin (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China; (2) Guangdong Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Guangzhou; 510635, China; (3) National Engineering Joint Laboratory of Estuarine Water Conservancy Technology, Guangzhou; 510635, China
Corresponding author:Wei, Bowen(bwwei@ncu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:145-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the uneven settlement and seepage deformation of the soft foundation, the floor void is prone to occurring in the sluices built on soft foundation. The traditional non-destructive testing methods are hardly difficult to detect the floor void of the sluices under water, which are non-real time, and their applications still have certain limitations. For the floor of sluice on the soft foundation, it has been under water during the operation period, and new diagnostic methods need to be studied to realize the real-time detection and diagnosis of the floor void of sluice on the soft foundation. The floor void of sluice on the soft foundation will cause the overall constraint boundary conditions of the sluice to change, thereby changing the overall modal parameters of the sluice. The diagnosis of the floor void of sluice on the soft foundation can be realized by establishing the nonlinear mapping relationship between the modal parameters and the floor void parameters of sluice. The method of diagnosing the floor void of sluice on the soft foundation based on modal parameters can realize real-time detection well. Therefore, a dynamic inversion method of the floor void of sluice on the soft foundation is proposed on the basis of the indoor physical model of the sluice on soft foundation in this research. First, based on mathematical model of multi-parameter variables of the floor void of sluice, a mathematical proxy model reflecting the nonlinear mapping relationship between the void parameters of the sluice floor and the dynamic parameters (modal parameters) of the sluice was improved. Second, the combination of the change rate of multi-order frequency and mode shape of multiple measurement points of the sluice was took as the dynamic sensitive characteristic quantity of the parameters inversion, and an objective function for the dynamic inversion of void parameters of sluice floor was established. Then the objective function is optimized through the genetic algorithm. Finally, a physical model of the indoor sluice on soft foundation had been made, and three different conditions of floor void of sluice on the soft foundation were set in the model. The prototype vibration test of the physical sluice on soft foundation on three conditions was carried out, and the corresponding modal parameters of sluice were identified based on the vibration response signal. And the dynamic inversion method of the floor void of sluice on the soft foundation proposed in the paper was used to invert the floor void of sluice and verified by the physical model. The results showed that the trend of floor void of sluice and the void area determined by the inversion method based on dynamic parameters of sluice were in good agreement with the actual condition of the physical model. With the three different conditions, the relative errors between the calculated void area and the actual void area are 7.47%, 6.78%, and 6.90%, respectively, which can confirm the reliability and rationality of the proposed method. The proposed method can provide a new idea for safety detection of the floor void of actual sluice on the soft foundation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Floors
Controlled terms:Composite beams and girders - Dynamics - Foundations - Genetic algorithms - Mapping - Modal analysis - Nondestructive examination - Signal detection - Telecommunication services
Uncontrolled terms:Constraint boundaries - Experimental verification - Method of diagnosing - Multiple measurements - Nondestructive testing method - Nonlinear mapping relationship - Parameters inversion - Seepage deformation
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 405.3 Surveying - 412 Concrete - 483.2 Foundations - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.78e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Percentage 7.47e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20210409829069
Title:Water hammer and vibration analysis of a thick-wall pipe considering fluid-structure interaction
Title of translation:考虑流固耦合的厚壁输水管水锤和振动特性分析
Authors:Guo, Qiang (1); Zhou, Jianxu (1); Huang, Ya (1); Zhang, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210024, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Jianxu(jianxuzhou@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:137-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A thick-wall pipe is widely used in a water conveyance system, due to its high anti-risk ability on transient flow. If the thickness of pipe wall is great enough, the axial stresses vary significantly in the radial direction. It is necessary to consider a buffering effect of axial stresses, representing by the buffering coefficients λ<inf>1</inf> and λ<inf>2</inf>. In this study, an one-dimensional Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model was proposed for the accurate prediction on the mechanical properties of a thick-wall pipe during water hammer. A FSI thin-wall model was also set considering the relaxed effect that caused by the radial deformation. Four equations included the continuity and motion equation of fluid, while, the motion and deformation equation of pipe structure. A Finite Volume Method (FVM) was also selected to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the model, according to the experimental data. Compared with the thin-wall model, the thick-wall model can be used to weaken the axial stress level in the pipe wall under buffering effects. The simulated results showed that there were obvious buffering effects, and evident differences between the thick- and thin-wall model, at the thickness-diameter ratio of e/R>0.05. At the thickness-diameter ratio of e/R<0.05, there were the minor buffering effects, and the negligible differences between the thick- and thin-wall model. In the small values of coefficients λ<inf>1</inf> and λ<inf>2</inf>, the thick-wall model can be degenerated into the thin-wall model. It infers that the thin-wall model can be assumed as the special mode of thick-wall model without buffering effects. Considering FSI, the first pressure drop, 'pumping' effect, and last pressure drop can be observed in each half period, indicating an important role in the modes of fluid or structures. There were totally differences in the pressure oscillation, wave speeds, and axial vibration of pipe wall. Specifically, all the modes of frequencies were attributed to the speed of pressure wave and stress wave. The resulting structure or fluid behaved different mode responses. The waves was dominated in the simulated and experimental data that derived from the pressure wave speeds in two models, indicating that the thick-wall model was much more accurate for a thick-wall pipe during water hammer. In addition, the axial vibration and pressure oscillation became stronger in the thick-wall model, indicating that the system has stronger FSI responses. In the modes with low frequencies, the system displayed relatively low robustness, where the fluid can suffer to the slow 'pumping' effect. A given system simulated by the thick-wall theory demonstrated a large flexibility and small pressure wave velocity. The modified thick-wall model can be used to significantly improve the fluid-structure interaction model for a thick-wall pipe.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Pipe
Controlled terms:Deformation - Drops - Equations of motion - Finite volume method - Fluid structure interaction - Pressure drop - Thin walled structures - Vibration analysis - Water hammer - Wave propagation
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate prediction - Axial vibrations - Buffering effect - Motion and deformations - Pressure oscillation - Radial deformation - Simulated results - Water conveyance
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 921.2 Calculus - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20210409829040
Title:Experimental study on the performance for heat pump hot air drying of Tibetan medicine at low-temperature
Title of translation:低温环境下热泵热风干燥藏药性能试验
Authors:Gao, Meng (1); Li, Ming (1); Wang, Yunfeng (1); Yu, Qiongfen (1); Li, Kun (2); Sun, Wei (2); Luo, Xi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Solar Energy Research Institute, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) School of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ming(lmllldy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:316-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tibetan medicine has a long history to serveas a national medicine second only to Chinese medicine. Fresh Tibetan medicine cannot be directly used as medicine. Drying process is essential as a preliminary processing step. The heat pump drying method can be suitable for this case, due to its energy saving, environmental protection, and low cost. In this study, a noveldrying system mode of heat recovery andair-jet enthalpy heat pump was proposed to improve the drying characteristics of Tibetan medicine under low-temperature environments. A systematic experiment was conducted to explore the stability and energy efficiency for the continuous operation of system, thereby to obtain the changing characteristics of continuous operation onthe heat pump in different load modes at low temperature conditions. In order to explore the performance characteristics of heat pump drying for the Tibetan medicine at low temperature environment in winter, a drying oven was built with the size of 3.9m ×2.1m ×2.3m (length ×width ×height)and a volume of about 15m<sup>3</sup>, as well asa rated load of 1.5 t. An ordinary ring scroll compressor, and an air jet enthalpy compressor in a heat pump system were selected to carry out the load experiment test at the ambient temperature of -11.4-18.3 and -13.39-16.69℃. The ordinary scroll compressor in a heat pump system worked in the segmented drying mode, and the continuous drying operation mode was used to dry Tibetan medicine. The air-jet enthalpy-increasing heat pump system performed day and night for the continuous drying. Results were as follows: Under the severe cold and large temperature difference (30℃) in the winter plateau, the averageefficiencyof heat transfer in the air-jet enthalpy-increasing heat pump system (-13.39-16.69℃) was 9.56%, and that in the ordinary scroll compressor heat pump system (-11.88-18.29℃) was 13.58%. It infers that the efficiency of heat transferin a heat exchanger was relatively low, asthe ambient temperature decreased. The compressor selection has no significant effect on the heat exchange efficiency of heat exchanger. The minimum coefficient of performance (COP) of air-jet enthalpy-increasing heat pump system(-13.39-16.69℃) increased by 51.5%, compared with the ordinary scroll heat pump system (-11.4-18.3℃). The average value of COP increased by 16.9% during the whole progress, indicating effectively improved the heating energy efficiency of a system at low temperatures. The placement and thickness of amaterial presenteda significant influence on the drying effect. When the loading capacity of drying box was about 100% and stacking thickness was 20 cm, the finalproduct behavedbright color, uniform drying, and the high specific moisture extraction rates (SMER). Compared with the traditional air-drying method, the drying time of a heat pump was only 1/9 of conventional dry method for the same amount of materials, while, the drying cost was reduced by 1 160 yuan/t. The recoveryandair-jet enthalpy heat pump system can meet the energy supply that required for the drying of Tibetan medicinal materials under the low-temperature conditions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Coefficient of performance - Costs - Energy conservation - Enthalpy - Heat pump systems - Heat transfer - Jets - Medical applications - Pumps - Scroll compressors - Solar dryers - Temperature - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of performances (COP) - Heat exchange efficiency - Low temperature conditions - Low temperature environment - Performance characteristics - Preliminary processing - Specific moisture extraction rates - Temperature differences
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.1 Compressors - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 5.15e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+00%, Size 2.00e-01m, Volume 1.50e+01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20210409829108
Title:Rapid design method and software development for tractor gear box
Title of translation:拖拉机变速箱箱体快速设计方法与软件开发
Authors:Zhang, Yan'an (1); Xin, Zhe (1); Du, Yuefeng (1); Shao, Mingxi (1, 2); Sun, Enxin (1); Zhang, Fawang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang; 262700, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Zhe(xinzhe@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:49-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Design knowledge of tractor gear box is lacking at present. Particularly, there is no systematic design flow to support the specific design for the gear box in a tractor. The lack of design knowledge and the less evaluation of performance can lead to a long development cycle of products, unstable design quality, high cost of design and manufacturing for tractor gear box. In this study, a knowledge-based rapid design method was proposed, while a rapid design system was established for tractor gear box. The system was verified by a case study. A finite element method was used to analyze the data of system design, compared with a commercial products in the same transmission scheme. Firstly, the detailed design process of tractor gear box was summarized on the extensive knowledge in this field; Secondly, design knowledge was obtained from some national standards, enterprise design specifications and theoretical books, and then the knowledge was divided into the principle class and instance class, which were expressed by production and frame representation, respectively. A knowledge base was established in the platform of SQL Server2012. A top-down design method was explored in a skeleton model. A parametric modeling was carried out in the multi-information skeleton model. A hybrid reasoning method was used based on the rule and case using MFC of Visual Studio 2015. The human-computer interaction interface and bottom reasoning mechanism of system were compiled to complete the connection with knowledge base and model base, and further to establish the rapid design system for the gear box of power shift in a tractor. The proposed system was also applied to the specific design in the gear box of power shift with a rated power of 110 kW. Finally, the rear-suspended farm tools lifting, emergency turning and one-wheel hanging were selected as the typical working conditions of the whole vehicle, while, the forward-first gear four-wheel-drive creeping and reverse-first gear four-wheel-drive creeping were selected as the typical working conditions of the transmission. A platform (Ansys workbench 18.1) was used to simulate the output model of system, where the maximum deformation was 0.450 mm, the maximum equivalent stress was 206.19 MPa, the maximum gap change was 0.007 8 mm, the maximum offset was 0.026 mm, and the first natural frequency of gear box was 405.28 Hz, indicating that excellent characteristics, including the strength, rigidity, sealing, and dynamic in the gear box. Compared with a commercial products in the same transmission scheme, the height of gear box was reduced by 28 mm, and the mass was reduced by 28.8 kg, indicating a higher material utilization. The results demonstrated that the proposed system can be used to realize the knowledge-based rapid design of tractor gear box. The finding can provide a significant reference to shorten the design cycle, while improve the design quality.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Software design
Controlled terms:Agricultural implements - All wheel drive vehicles - Case based reasoning - Digital storage - Gear manufacture - Human computer interaction - Knowledge based systems - Musculoskeletal system - Product design - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Vehicle transmissions - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Commercial products - Frame representations - Human computer interaction interface - Material utilization - Parametric modeling - Reasoning mechanism - Systematic designs - Transmission schemes
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 4.05e+02Hz, Mass 2.88e+01kg, Power 1.10e+05W, Pressure 2.06e+08Pa, Size 2.60e-05m, Size 2.80e-02m, Size 4.50e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20210409829143
Title:Methods for calculation of heating load in gutter-connected glasshouse
Title of translation:连栋玻璃温室采暖热负荷计算方法
Authors:Fu, Jianlu (1); Zhou, Changji (1); Wang, Liu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Changji(zhoucj@facaae.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:235-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heating load is the most basic parameter in the design of greenhouse heating system. The calculated heating load directly affects the equipment configuration of the heating system. If it is too small, it can not meet the design requirements. If it is too large, it will increase the initial investment and is not conducive to the efficient operation of the system. Climate screens have been widely used in China since the 20th century, and have become the standard configuration of greenhouse. In order to study whether the greenhouse heating load calculated under the current standard system is still applicable with the popularization and application of equipment such as internal climate screens and the improvement of greenhouse air tightness, this study compares the calculation methods of heating heat load in six standards of China and the United States, and takes a multi span glass greenhouse in Beijing as an example quantitative analysis of heating load. It is found that the heat loss of the sill wall accounts for 0.1% of the total heat loss of the enclosure structure, and the ground heat loss accounts for about 1% of the total heat load of the greenhouse, neither of them is the main factor affecting heating load. The results show that the minimum heating load per unit area of greenhouse is 230.10 W/m<sup>2</sup> and the maximum is 305.24 W/m<sup>2</sup>, which is quite different from each other. Moreover, compared with the actual heat capacity of radiator 139.61 W/m<sup>2</sup>, there is a significant difference between them. Analyze the reasons, the former is due to the fact that the heat loss of cold air infiltration calculated by gap method in civil and industrial buildings in China does not consider the glass splicing gap, which makes the calculation value of heating heat load of greenhouse obviously low; the latter is due to the fact that all the calculation standards of heat load do not consider the influence of climate screens on greenhouse insulation. The minimum heating load per unit area of the greenhouse is 101.56 W/m<sup>2</sup> and the maximum is 176.69 W/m<sup>2</sup> after considering the effect of internal climate screens. If we get rid of the minimum value of low heat loss of cold air infiltration caused by glass joint in Chinese civil and industrial buildings, the calculation method of heating load in greenhouse special standards basically conform to the actual situation. Therefore, it is suggested that the effect of internal climate screens should be fully considered in the calculation of heating load of greenhouse, and the heat loss of cold air infiltration should be calculated according to the method of ventilation rate rather than the gap method. The results provide a scientific, accurate and standardized basis for heating load calculation of multi span glass greenhouse in China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Enthalpy - Glass - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Heat losses - Heating equipment - Office buildings - Specific heat - Structural design - Thermal load
Uncontrolled terms:Basic parameters - Enclosure structures - Equipment configuration - Greenhouse heating - Industrial buildings - Internal climate - Standard system - Ventilation rate
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 451 Air Pollution - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 812.3 Glass - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e-01%, Surface_Power_Density 1.02e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 1.40e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 1.77e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 2.30e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 3.05e+02W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20210409829132
Title:Effects of thermal insulation and anti-frost heaving in composite lining structures for a canal in colmatage frozen soil
Title of translation:灌淤冻土复合衬砌渠道保温防冻胀效果分析
Authors:Zhang, Dong (1); Guo, Xuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing; 100044, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing; 100044, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xuan(xguo@bjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:122-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to explore the frost heaving failure of concrete lining in a canal in the Hetao Irrigation Area. Two composite lining structures were proposed, including polyurethane and polystyrene. A coupled heat-moisture-stress model was established for the channel soil. In-situ test and numerical simulation were combined to analyze the variation in soil temperature, moisture content, frost-heave capacity, and equivalent stress in different lining structures. The results showed that: The ground temperatures were -8.5℃ and -2℃ at the normal depth of 16 cm on the shady slope and sunny slope of non-thermal insulation lining structure; those were -2.8℃ and -1.5℃ at the same positions for the polystyrene composite lining structure; those were -3.0℃ and -1.4℃ for the polyurethane composite lining structure. The maximum water contents were approximately 13% and 4% at the normal depth of 20 cm on the shady slope and the sunny slope of non-thermal insulation lining structure before and after freezing; those were 5% and 2% at the same location for the polystyrene composite lining structure; those were roughly 4% and 1.1% for the polyurethane composite lining structure. The measured maximum normal capacity of frost heave were 14 cm and 4.7 cm on the shady slope and the sunny slope in the non-thermal insulation lining structure; those were 2.8 cm and 2.1 cm for the polystyrene composite lining structure; and those were 2.6 cm and 1.5 cm for the polyurethane composite lining structure. It infers that the maximum normal capacities of frost heave for the non-thermal insulation lining structure were far greater than those of the polystyrene and the polyurethane composite lining structure. The maximum normal capacities of frost heave were reduced by 80% and 81% on the shady slopes for the polystyrene and the polyurethane composite lining structure. The equivalent stress of channel soil for the non-thermal insulation lining structure was significantly greater than those of polystyrene and the polyurethane composite lining structure. This change can be attributed to the large difference in soil temperature for the non-thermal insulation lining structure, which can result in a large strain and stress of frost heaving in the canal soil. The stress concentration occurred at the inflection points of the top and bottom of a canal. The simulated values in numerical models were basically consistent with the experimental values, indicating that the mathematical model can be suitable to describe the changes of ground temperature and frost-heave capacity during the freezing process of channel soil. Two kinds of thermal insulation lining structures demonstrated the low permeability, low heat transfer, good function of heat preservation, and small deformation of frost heave. They can be excellent choices for seepage prevention and anti-frost heave of canal in seasonal frozen soil areas. The finding can be helpful to understand the frost heaving mechanism of channel soil, and further to provide a sound reference for the design and maintenance of channels in cold regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Thermal insulation
Controlled terms:Composite structures - Freezing - Frost effects - Frozen soils - Heat transfer - Hydraulic structures - Linings - Moisture - Numerical models - Polystyrenes - Polyurethanes - Soldered joints - Structural design - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Coupled heat moisture stress - Experimental values - Ground temperature - Heat preservation - Polystyrene composites - Polyurethane composites - Seepage prevention - Small deformations
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 538.1.1 Soldering - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Size 1.40e-01m, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 1.60e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.10e-02m, Size 2.60e-02m, Size 2.80e-02m, Size 4.70e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20210409829076
Title:Effects of biochar on coastal saline soil and maize yield under alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater
Title of translation:咸淡交替灌溉下生物炭对滨海盐渍土及玉米产量的影响
Authors:Huang, Mingyi (1, 2); Zhang, Zhanyu (2); Zhai, Yaming (2); Wang, Ce (2); Qi, Wei (1); Zhu, Chengli (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhanyu(zhanyu@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:88-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The coastal areas possess substantial brackish water resources. The agricultural utilization of saline soil and brackish water resources in coastal regions is crucial to guarantee food security and can be conducive to alleviate increasing land demands and water shortages. Nonetheless, suitable irrigation and field management is essential to improve agricultural production of coastal saline soil and brackish water. In this study, alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater combined with biochar was proposed to promote the agricultural utilization of these low-quality soil and water resources. A maize planting experiment in coastal saline soil was carried out using field plots under the condition of rain shelter in 2017 and 2018, respectively. We investigated the effects of alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater and biochar application on coastal soil properties and maize yield parameters. The maize growth season was separated into three periods, that is, the six leaves stage to the tasseling stage, the tasseling stage to the silking stage, and the silking stage to the maturity stage. The alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater was carried out by using brackish water irrigation during one of the three periods and freshwater irrigation during the remaining stages. The check treatment was conducted by using freshwater irrigation throughout the whole growing season. Biochar with three application rates (0, 15, 30 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) was incorporated into the surface layer of coastal saline soil in the first experiment year, respectively. Maize leaf area index was observed during the growing season. Maize dry matter accumulation and yield parameters were measured at harvest. Soil properties related to soil salinization, porosity, aggregate, and nutrient content were determined after harvest. The electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage of coastal saline soil remarkably increased under alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater. The soil salinization was related to the proportion and order of brackish water use. The brackish water irrigation during the six leaves stage to the tasseling stage severely inhibited maize leaf growth and dry matter accumulation, and lead to a decline in grain number and grain weight, resulting in a 27.2%-32.8% yield reduction. The reduction in maize growth and production by the brackish water irrigation during the tasseling stage to the silking stage was less, but the reduced grain number still resulted in a 11.4%-14.0% yield reduction. The brackish water irrigation during the silking stage to the maturity stage did not have a significant adverse effect on maize growth and yield. Under alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater, biochar application reduced the electrical conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage of coastal saline soil by 3.7%-21.7% and 9.2%-45.2%, respectively. The total porosity and water-stable aggregate with biochar applications were increased by 3.1%-11.9% and 40.0%-168.9%, respectively. Biochar application also promoted the soil nutrient status and increased available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium content by 34.9%-104.0%, 21.0%-58.1%, and 13.6%-57.8%, respectively. With the improvement in soil conditions, biochar application was helpful to enhance salt tolerance in the early and middle stages of maize growth, thus alleviating the damage of salt stress under brackish water irrigation. The maize maintained a good condition of leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, and yield characteristics when brackish water irrigation was applied during the six leaves stage to the silking stage. Therefore, biochar application promoted the feasibility and applicability of alternate irrigation with brackish and freshwater. Compared to the treatments without biochar application, the grain yield of the treatments with biochar application increased by 10.9%-32.3% under the same alternate irrigation with brackish water and freshwater. The results could be helpful to improve the agricultural utilization of saline soil and brackish water resources in coastal regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Coastal zones - Electric conductivity - Food supply - Forestry - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Nutrients - Porosity - Saline water - Sodium - Soils - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Available phosphorus - Coastal saline soils - Dry matter accumulation - Electrical conductivity - Exchangeable sodium percentages - Water stable aggregates - Yield characteristics
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.09e+01% to 3.23e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01% to 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01% to 5.78e+01%, Percentage 2.72e+01% to 3.28e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00% to 1.19e+01%, Percentage 3.49e+01% to 1.04e+02%, Percentage 3.70e+00% to 2.17e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 1.69e+02%, Percentage 9.20e+00% to 4.52e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20210409829068
Title:Electronic nose for detection of cotton pests at the flowering stage
Title of translation:花龄期棉花虫害的电子鼻检测
Authors:Zhou, Bo (1); Dai, Yuting (2); Li, Chao (1); Wang, Jun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng; 224051, China; (2) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jun(jwang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:194-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The cotton pests have the characteristics of concealment, migration, and sudden burst, and there are many influencing factors involved. The accurate diagnosis of cotton pests is a difficult problem in the agricultural field. Previous studies have demonstrated that cotton plants produce blends of volatile compounds in response to herbivores serve as cues for parasitic and predatory insects. Therefore, it is possible to obtain information about cotton pests by detecting volatile compounds in cotton. In this study, an electronic nose was used to detect the volatiles emitted by cotton plants damaged by cotton bollworm at the flowering period. The cotton samples were divided into four infested cotton treatments. According to the number of pests in each pot of cotton seedlings, the treatments inoculated with 0, 1, 2, and 3 bollworm larvae were marked as 0-P, 1-P, 2-P, and 3-P, respectively. The 0-P was healthy cotton as a control treatment. The cotton bollworm feeding lasted 48 h. During this period, the electronic nose detection tests were performed every 6 h, and a total of 8 repeated tests were performed. Appropriate pattern recognition techniques were applied to construct reliable algorithms for interpreting the acquired signal in cotton. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis, cluster analysis, and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) were applied to evaluate the data. The results of PCA and discrimination values of the healthy cotton treatment showed that the volatiles released by healthy cotton had obvious circadian rhythm. For the three infested cotton treatments, whereas the distribution patterns of cotton samples were different from that of the healthy cotton treatment. The three infested cotton treatments had regular distribution trends that cotton samples changed along the direction of the first and second principal components. Cluster analysis results showed that the four cotton treatments were all finally divided into two categories, the healthy cotton treatment, and the three infested cotton treatments. All these results suggested that there was a significant difference between healthy and damaged cotton samples. Then RBFNN was used to analyze four treatments of cotton samples at 8 different times. The results showed that the total correct rate of the test sets was 73.4%, the correct rate of the healthy cotton treatment was 100%, and the misjudgment samples appeared among the three infested cotton treatments. Moreover, two unified consecutive prediction models were established regardless of the time factor. The RBFNN model was established by using four treatments of cotton samples. The correct rate of the training sets was 66.1%, and the correct rates of the test sets were 100 %, 79.7 %, 32.8 %, and 20.3 % for the 0-P, 1-P, 2-P, and 3-P treatments, respectively. In another RBFNN model based on 0-P, 1-P, and 3-P treatments, the correct rate of the training sets was 87.8%, and the correct rates of the test sets were 100 %, 78.1%, and 82.8% for the 0-P, 1-P, and 3-P treatments, respectively. Comparing the results of the two RBFNN models, the prediction accuracy of the second model had been greatly improved. At the same time, it was also found that the prediction accuracy of all RBFNN models for healthy cotton treatment reached 100%. Therefore, the electronic nose could be used as an effective monitoring method for the occurrence of cotton bollworm in the cotton plants. It should have a potential application for crop pest monitoring in the field.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cluster analysis - Discriminant analysis - Electronic nose - Forecasting - Pattern recognition - Predictive analytics - Radial basis function networks - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural fields - Discriminant function analysis - Distribution patterns - Pattern recognition techniques - Prediction accuracy - Principal Components - Radial basis function neural networks - Regular distribution
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 3.28e+01%, Percentage 6.61e+01%, Percentage 7.34e+01%, Percentage 7.81e+01%, Percentage 7.97e+01%, Percentage 8.28e+01%, Percentage 8.78e+01%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 2.16e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20210409829029
Title:Properties and synthesis mechanism of lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin
Title of translation:木质素-苯酚-甲醛树脂胶黏剂的性能与合成机理
Authors:Wu, Zhigang (1, 2); Chen, Sicheng (2); Liang, Jiankun (3); Li, Lifen (2); Lei, Hong (1); Dong, Jiying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (3) Kaili University, Kaili; 556011, China
Corresponding author:Lei, Hong(lfxgirl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:308-315
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) resin is the earliest industrial synthetic polymer material, which has a history of more than 100 years. PF resin adhesive are widely used in the production of outdoor wood-based panels due to their advantages such as high bonding strength, weathering resistance, good water resistance, aging resistance, and so on, and it is the second largest wood adhesive after urea-formaldehyde resin. PF has some defects, such as high production cost, dark color, hard and brittle after curing, easy cracking, low initial viscosity, high toxicity, and so on, which lead to low production efficiency and high energy consumption of wood-based panels, thus limiting its wider application. Therefore, the study of alternatives for phenol has become the focus. Lignin is similar to phenol in chemical structures, and it has the condition and potential to replace part of phenol to prepare phenol formaldehyde resin. It can reduce the cost of the preparation of PF, and increase the biomass content of PF to improve its the biodegradability, and also realize the effective utilization of lignin resources. In order to reduce the cost of phenol formaldehyde resin, 30%, 40% and 50% alkali lignin was substituted for phenol to prepare Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde (LPF). Effects of substitution ratios on bonding performance, curing properties and thermal stability of LPF were studied, and the synthesis mechanism of LPF was also discussed in this paper. The results indicated that: 1) Compared with phenol formaldehyde resin, LPF had low transparency, high solid content, low free formaldehyde, high viscosity and bad operation. 2) With the increase of lignin addition, the bonding strength of LPF increased and then decreased, but all generally higher than that of phenol formaldehyde resin. The ratios of lignin substitution for phenol could be up to 50%. 3) LPF resin required a higher curing temperature, and the more the lignin addition, the higher the hot-pressing temperature. 4) The lignin addition could affect the thermal stability of LPF resin, and it's thermal stability was higher than that of phenol formaldehyde resin when lignin addition was only 40%. 5) At alkaline conditions, whether phenol, lignin phenol ring or lignin side chains were used as the starting reaction points for the synthesis of LPF, forming methylene conjugate structures by reaction mechanism based on hydroxymethyl phenol was the key. In conclusion, the research has a great significance to provide further scientific guidance for the improvement of LPF synthesis process and its practical application.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Urea formaldehyde resins
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Alkalinity - Biodegradability - Chemical bonds - Cost reduction - Curing - Energy utilization - Formaldehyde - Hot pressing - Lignin - Phenolic resins - Phenols - Synthetic resins - Thermodynamic stability - Urea - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Conjugate structures - High energy consumption - Hot pressing temperature - Lignin phenol formaldehyde resin - Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde - Phenol formaldehyde resins - Production efficiency - Weathering resistance
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+02yr, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20210409829121
Title:Parameters optimization and experiment of mechanical wheat shooting seed-metering device
Title of translation:机械式小麦射播排种器参数优化与试验
Authors:Wang, Yingbo (1, 2, 3); Li, Hongwen (1, 2, 3); He, Jin (1, 2, 3); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2, 3); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2, 3); Liu, Peng (1, 2, 3); Yang, Qinglu (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Administration of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northern Hebei Province, Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Key Laboratory of Design and Optimization in Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to optimize the key component and blade in a shooting mechanism using the conflict matrix method of TRIZ, in order to improve the emergence rate of seeding, while, to reduce the seed breaking rate, during planting wheat in a mechanical shooting seed-metering device. The structure of blade was designed as a combined blade using the surface and reverse force method in TRIZ, where the backward blade served as an initial part, while the forward blade as an accelerate part. Compared with the previous blades, a combined parameters of optimal structure was achieved to decrease the wheat breaking rate, where the radius of backward and forwardbladeswere4 mm and 800mm, respectively. The kinematics analysis can be used to clarify the influencing factors related to the internal collision force of wheat seed and shooting performance during the movement of wheat seed inside the shooting device. The specific factors included the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the radius of backward blade, and the install angle of blades. There was also great influence of structural parameters of blades on the movement of wheat seed in the contact process between wheat seed and blades. EDEM software was used to simulate the movement of wheat seed inside the seed-metering device, where the wheat seeds were constructed by a bonding sphere. In a simulation experiment, five blades were designed to explore the shooting performance at different structures and motion parameters. The maximum collision force between wheat seed and blade were determined for the breaking rate of seeds. An orthogonal simulation test was designed to evaluate the experiment indicators, including the average shooting speed, the maximum collision force, and the coefficient of variation for the shooting depth. The test results showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each index. In the maximum collision force, the significance order was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the radius of backward blade and install angle of blades, whereas, the significance order for the average shooting speed was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the install angle of blade, and radius of backward blade. Furthermore, the significance order for the coefficient of variation of shooting depth was the rotation speed of seed-metering device, the install angle of blade, and radius of backward blades. The verification bench experiment was performed on the Conservation Tillage Research Center of China Agricultural University, in 2019, where the average shooting speed, seed breaking rate, coefficient of variation of seeding depth were selected as experiment indicators. The power of seed-metering device and forward speed of conveyor belt were provided by an electric motor directly, where the speed was adjusted at five different levels. In the shooting experiment, the average size of wheat seed (Zheng Mai 9023) was 4.1 mm×3.2 mm×2.1 mm, and the average water content was 19.4%. A SF501 high speed camera was used to collect the average shooting speed of wheat seed, with the spotlight and capture frequency was 50 mm and 1000 r/min, respectively. The results show that the maximum collision force, seed breaking rate, average shooting speed, and coefficient of variation of shooting depth were 7.3 N, 1.1%, 32.5 m/s and 8.9%, respectively, while the rotation speed of seed-metering device, radius of backward blade, and install angle of blade were 1 000 r/min, 40 mm and 15°, respectively. This findings can provide new promising techniques and approaches for the optimization design of seed-metering device in mechanical shooting of wheat.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Belt conveyors - High speed cameras - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Rotation - Soil conservation - Speed - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Conservation tillage - Different structure - Optimization design - Parameters optimization - Seed metering devices - Shooting performance - Structural parameter
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 692.1 Conveyors - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Force 7.30e+00N, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+03RPM, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-01m, Velocity 3.25e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20210409829148
Title:Development of air suction cleaning device of vertical conical peanut sheller for plot planting
Title of translation:立锥式小区花生脱壳机气吸清选装置研制
Authors:Lu, Rong (1, 2); Liu, Zhixia (1); Gao, Lianxing (3); Yang, Dexu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Ecological Engineering Vocational College, Shenyang; 110122, China; (3) The College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Lianxing(lianxing_gao@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:23-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanut shelling for scientific research and sample inspection presents the special characteristics: small amount, multiple varieties, treatments and batches. A separate shelling is required, where the shelled peanuts cannot be mixed. After shelling, the seeds are also required to be quickly cleaned. At present, manual operations are still used to shell and separate the peanuts in the absence of shelling and separating equipment, leading to the low efficiency and the problem of "mixing". A kind of special peanut shelling equipped with the separating equipment is highly demanding in small scale to meet the above requirements. Compared with the commercial peanut shellers, the study on the special peanut sheller with a separating device is lacking, particularly for the peanut scientific research and sample inspection. In this study, the cross-flow air-suction separating was proposed to establish a three-channel air-suction cleaning scheme in a vertical peanut sheller, in order to improve the separation performance of special peanut sheller. Taking "four red" variety of peanuts as an example, the aerodynamic factor of material was proposed, according to the floating characteristic test, thereby to explore the relationship with the floating speed of material. According to the automatic sliding condition of materials after peanut shelling, three guide plates were designed in the collection bin, where the inclination angle of guide plates was set as 50°. The mechanics and kinematics equations were established for the cross-flow air-suction process after peanut shelling, using the aerodynamic factor of materials. The movement trajectories and laws of material components were established at the suction port of separation bin in the horizontal airflow, with emphasis on the criticality of cross-flow suction. The optimal condition was that the critical air velocity was 2 m/s, and the critical height of suction port was 100mm, where the adjustment range for the height of suction port was determined to be (100±40) mm, the width was 100 mm, and the height of separation bin was 160 mm. According to the critical air velocity and its adjustment, a single-intake small centrifugal fan was chosen with a radial straight blade impeller, where the fan speed was 1 200 r/min, and the flow rate was 6 m<sup>3</sup>/min. In the performance test, the results show that a stable working performance was achieved in the cross-flow three-channel air suction separating device, matching with the tapered drum shelling device in an integrated whole machine. The separating loss rate and impurity rate were related to the height of suction port. Specifically, the separating loss rate decreased, while, the impurity rate increased, as the height of suction port increased. When the speed was 1 200 r/min, and the feed rate was 15 kg/min, the comprehensive separating performance was the best, where the height of suction port was 80 mm, the loss rate was 2.01%, and the impurity rate was 0.98%, indicating that better performance than that of the industry standard. The finding can offer a certain reference for the further development of small-scale peanut shelling and separating equipment, particularly for the scientific research and insection on peanut products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Air - Air cleaners - Air intakes - Impurities
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic test - Horizontal airflows - Kinematics equation - Material components - Movement trajectories - Scientific researches - Separation performance - Working performance
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.50e-01kg/s, Percentage 2.01e+00%, Percentage 9.80e-01%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+03RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.60e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20210409829027
Title:Recognition method for prenatal behavior of ewes based on the acquisition nodes of the collar
Title of translation:基于颈环采集节点的母羊产前行为识别方法
Authors:Ying, Yewei (1); Zeng, Songwei (1); Zhao, Ayong (2); Yan, Feifei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Songwei(283604093@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:210-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the current time-consuming and manpower-spending problems of prenatal behavior monitoring of ewes, a monitoring system based on the acquisition node of the collar was designed. The acquisition node of the self-made collar was integrated with the MPU6050 sensor, which collected prenatal behavioral acceleration information of ewes in real-time. The collected acceleration data was wirelessly transmitted to the embedded base station through Zigbee technology. The server received the data from the GPRS module in the base station, and then the data was stored in the MySQL database. Finally, the data was displayed on the webpage or mobile phones. According to the monitoring video of ewes, the collected acceleration data was calibrated at the same time, which provided sufficient samples for the behavior classification models. Besides, aiming at the problems of low accuracy and less recognizable behaviors of ewes in labor, regarding the collected acceleration data as the research object, a recognition method for prenatal behavior of ewes was proposed based on the classification model of the interval threshold and the Genetic Algorithm-Support Vector Machine (GA-SVM). In this method, three-dimensional acceleration data was firstly synthesized into one-dimensional resultant acceleration data, and then the resultant acceleration data was preprocessed by noise reduction of db5 wavelet and extraction contour of the sliding window. According to its amplitude fluctuation characteristics, the interval threshold classification method was used to recognize the two behaviors of walking and lying. In the light of the obvious characteristics of the spatial clustering effect for the three-axis acceleration data of drinking, eating, and ruminating behavior, the Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to search the global optimal solution of penalty parameter and kernel function parameter of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) to accurately recognize the three behaviors. Finally, through calculating the four indicators including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1-score based on the confusion matrix, and then the performance between the classification method proposed in the research and several common classification algorithms were evaluated. The comparison results illustrated that the F1-score of the classification method proposed in the research was inversely proportional to the movement amplitude of ewes, and its precision was also inversely proportional to the sample size. The average accuracy of the classification method proposed in this work was 97.88%, which was 31.26%, 21.87%, and 21.9% higher than the traditional decision tree algorithm, the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm, and the SVM algorithm, respectively. The main reason was that with the increase of behavior recognition types, using only one feature vector and classification algorithm, it was difficult to find the most suitable partition hyperplane, resulting in the unavoidable decline in the correct recognition rate of certain behaviors. The experimental results showed that the monitoring system for the prenatal behavior of ewes based on the acquisition node of the collar could collect and transmit the activity information of prenatal ewes' neck simultaneously. Besides, the classification method based on the interval threshold and GA-SVM could effectively distinguish five kinds of prenatal activities including drinking, eating, ruminating, walking, and lying. The number of identifiable behavioral types increased, and the applicability was greatly improved. This work also set up a control group to conduct a comparative experiment and found that the prenatal ewes had no abnormal behaviors after the 24 h adaptive period. Therefore, the acquisition node of the self-made collar would not affect the prenatal behaviors of ewes. The results were of great significance for establishing the amount of exercise and health assessment models of prenatal ewes, improving the efficiency of reproduction, and realizing intelligent management.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Base stations - Cell proliferation - Clustering algorithms - Consumer behavior - Decision trees - Genetic algorithms - Monitoring - Nearest neighbor search - Noise abatement - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Classification algorithm - Comparative experiments - Decision-tree algorithm - Genetic algorithm support vector machines - Global optimal solutions - K nearest neighbor algorithm - Kernel function parameters - Three-dimensional accelerations
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 3.13e+01%, Percentage 9.79e+01%, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20210409829086
Title:Measurement of dynamic fish dimension based on stereoscopic vision
Title of translation:基于立体视觉的动态鱼体尺寸测量
Authors:Li, Yanjun (1); Huang, Kangwei (1, 2); Xiang, Ji (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou; 310015, China; (2) College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China; (3) College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China
Corresponding author:Xiang, Ji(jxiang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fish dimension information, especially length, is very important for aquaculture, which can be used for grading and developing bait strategy. In order to acquire accurate information on fish size, the traditional method of measurement has to take the fish out of the water, which is not only time-consuming and laborious but also may influence the growth rates of fishes. In this study, a dynamic measurement method for fish body dimension based on stereo vision was proposed, which could calculate dimension information of multiple fishes simultaneously without restricting their movements. It was implemented and verified by an intelligent monitor system designed and built by ourselves considering the hardware compatibility with satisfied integral performance. Through this system, the videos of underwater fish were captured and uploaded to the remote cloud server for further processing. Then three main procedures were developed including 3D reconstruction, fish detection and segmentation, 3D points cloud processing, which was designed for size acquirement of fishes swimming freely in a real aquaculture environment. In the 3D reconstruction part, in order to acquire the data for modeling, 3D information was restored from binocular images by camera calibration, stereo rectification, stereo matching in sequence. Firstly, the binocular was calibrated with a chessboard to get camera parameters including intrinsic matrix as well as relative translation and rotation of the left and right camera. Then, the captured binocular images were rectified to row-aligned according to parameters of the calibrated binocular camera. Finally, stereo matching based on the semi-global block matching method (SGBM) was applied to extract accurate 3D information from rectified binocular image pairs and achieved 3D reconstruction. In the fish detection and segmentation part, a Mask Region Convolution Neural Network (Mask-RCNN) was trained as a model to locate fishes in the image with a bounding box and extract pixels of fish in each bounding box to get raw segmentation. The raw segmentation was refined with an interactive segmentation method called GrabCut combining with some morphological processing algorithms to correct bias around the edge. In the 3D points cloud processing part, two coordinate transformations were carried out to unify the cloud points of fishes with various locations and orientations. The transformation parameters were calculated based on three-dimension plane fitting of the contour points cloud and rotated ellipse fitting of the transformed points cloud respectively. After transformation, the length and width of the fish points cloud were parallel to axes. Therefore, the length and width of fish were the range of points cloud along the abscissa and ordinate axes. Experiments were conducted using the self-designed system and results including various species and sizes of fish were compared with those of manual measurements. It turned out that the average relative estimation error of length was about 4.7% and the average relative estimation error of width was about 9.2%. In terms of running time, the developed measurement system could process 2.5 frames per second for fish dimensions calculation. The experiment results also showed that the trained Mask-RCNN model achieved the precision of 0.88 and the recall of 84% with satisfied generalization performance. After segmentation refinement, the mean intersection over union increased from 78% to 81%, which exhibited the effectiveness of the refinement method. It also showed that the longer the fish length, the smaller the average relative error of the measurement. These results demonstrated that the proposed method was able to measure multiple underwater fish dimensions based on a stereoscopic vision method by using deep learning-based image segmentation algorithms and coordinates transformation method. This study could provide a novel idea for flexible measurement of fish body size and improve the level of dynamic information perception technology for rapid and non-destructive detection of underwater fish in aquaculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Stereo image processing
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Binoculars - Cameras - Deep learning - Errors - Fish - Fish detectors - Fisheries - Grading - Image reconstruction - Image segmentation - Stereo vision - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Co-ordinate transformation - Convolution neural network - Coordinates transformation - Dynamic measurement methods - Generalization performance - Image segmentation algorithm - Interactive segmentation methods - Transformation parameters
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.2 Vision - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 742.2 Photographic Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 7.80e+01% to 8.10e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20210409829126
Title:Experiment on water pressure resistance of plastic-concrete waterproof system of underground granary
Title of translation:地下粮仓塑料-混凝土防水体系抗水压试验
Authors:Zhang, Hao (1); Meng, Qingting (1); Tao, Yuanqing (1); Wang, Zhenqing (1); Kang, Shaopeng (1); Zhang, Xiangxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The underground granary has the advantages of energy conservation, land saving, low temperature, and environment protection. However, resistance of water and moisture from the groundwater has been main concerns for storing grains in underground granary. A plastic-concrete waterproof system using the polypropylene plastic (PP) as the waterproof layer was proposed. In this system, the plastic plate and concrete components were connected with plastic studs. Three plastic-concrete testing models were designed and fabricated based on the different stud spaces for the underground granary. In order to analyze the failure mode, failure mechanism, internal force and deformation of the plastic members under the water pressure, hydraulic loading tests were carried out. The test results showed that: the internal stress and displacement of the plastic plate increased with the increase of water pressure; the larger tensile force appeared at the joint area with the maximum stress unevenly distributed; the stress at mid-span was small with the maximum stress uniformly distributed. The displacement at the mid-span of the plastic plate increased linearly with increase of water pressure, whereas the displacement displacement at the joint changed slightly. On the basis of experimental analysis, the optimal design measures were proposed for the plastic-concrete waterproof system with plastic plate of 10 mm and given connection joints. When the water pressure reached its bearing capacity the failure modes of the plastic-concrete waterproof system were changed with change stud spacing. For the stud space of 200 mm, the joint weld seam was damaged at the water pressure of 180 kPa, which indicated that the overall water pressure bearing capacity of the testing model could be improved by enhancing the weld strength at the joint. For the stud space of 300 mm, the plastic plate was damaged with the water pressure capacity of 80 kPa, which indicated that the overall water pressure bearing capacity of the testing model could be enhanced by increasing the plate thickness. For the stud space of 400 mm, the joint weld seam was destroyed when the water pressure reached 38 kPa, the overall water pressure bearing capacity of the testing model could be enhanced by increasing the strength of the joint weld seam. The research results can provide a reference for waterproof design of the underground granary.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Failure (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Bearing capacity - Concrete testing - Concretes - Grain elevators - Groundwater - Polypropylenes - Studs (structural members) - Temperature - Waterproofing - Welds
Uncontrolled terms:Concrete components - Environment protection - Experimental analysis - Failure mechanism - Hydraulic loading - Internal force and deformations - Stress and displacements - Water pressure resistances
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 412 Concrete - 444.2 Groundwater - 538.2 Welding - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.4 Storage - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.80e+05Pa, Pressure 3.80e+04Pa, Pressure 8.00e+04Pa, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20210409829048
Title:Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of drought trend at annual of wheat-maize in the North China Plain based on SPEI_K<inf>C</inf> index
Title of translation:基于SPEI_K<inf>C</inf>的华北平原小麦玉米周年干旱特征分析
Authors:Ma, Xueqing (1); Hu, Qi (1); Wang, Jing (1); Pan, Xuebiao (1); Zhang, Jun (2); Wang, Xiaochen (1); Hu, Liting (1); He, Huayun (1); Li, Rong (1); Xing, Mengyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot; 010031, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Qi(huq@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:164-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The North China Plain (NCP) is an important wheat-maize production region in China with limited water resource. Drought is one of major agro-meteorological disasters for the local agricultural production. This study introduced crop coefficient Kc into calculation of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to analyze drought condition. The method was compared with the two methods including SPEI based on Thornthwaite (SPEI_TW) and Penman-Monteith (SPEI_PM). Multi-year meteorological data in the North China Plain were obtained. The applicability of these three SPEI indexes in the annual drought assessment of wheat-maize was assessed based on historical disaster data. The spatial and temporal distributions and variations of annual drought during both winter wheat and summer maize growth season from 1961 to 2017 were analyzed. To understand the effect of climate change on wheat-maize, the study further analyzed the results at the key growth period scale and the annual scale. The results showed that SPEI_K<inf>C</inf> could be a better index than SPEI_TW and SPEI_PM to evaluate crop drought. Compared with the observed actual disaster data, SPEI_K<inf>C</inf> had the best applicability to assess annual scale of wheat-maize drought among the SPEI_TW index and SPEI_PM index in the North China Plain. For the condition with right evaluation when the drought was present, the average accuracy of SPEI_Kc index in representing meteorological stations was up to 76.13%, which was 11.11 and 5.55 percent points higher than SPEI_TW index and SPEI_PM index, respectively. For the condition with right evaluation when the drought was not found, the accuracy of SPEI_K<inf>C</inf> index was 85.67%, which was 1.36 and 0.13 percent point higher than SPEI_TW index and SPEI_PM index, respectively. Spatial distribution of drought during the key growing period and the growth season of wheat and maize showed highly similar rules: light drought frequency at the key growing period and the growth season of wheat was high in the north of Heibei Province and serve drought frequency was high in the North China Plain; moderate drought frequency at the key growing period and the growth season of wheat was high in the north of Heibei Province. The drought intensity was strong in the northwest of the North China, weak in the southeast, mainly in the Henan. The average frequency of light drought was higher than 33.08%, the frequency of moderate drought was 10.08%, the average frequency of severe drought was higher than 6.14%. The drought frequency in the North China Plain showed a slight decreasing trend. The frequency of light drought increased at majority timescale and moderate drought and severe drought decreased at all of time scale. Moreover, the drought frequency decreased during the key growing period of wheat and the growing season of wheat and maize, and increased during the key growing period of maize and wheat-maize rotation. Our study revealed the temporal and spatial variation and the characteristics and causes of meteorological drought in North China Plain, and provided reasonable measures to deal with climate change.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Climate change - Crops - Disasters - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Historical disasters - Meteorological disasters - Meteorological drought - Meteorological station - Spatial and temporal distribution - Spatio-temporal variation - Temporal and spatial variation
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.30e-01%, Percentage 1.36e+00%, Percentage 3.31e+01%, Percentage 5.55e+00%, Percentage 6.14e+00%, Percentage 7.61e+01%, Percentage 8.57e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20210409829083
Title:Recognition and application of pigs' position in group pens based on improved Faster R-CNN
Title of translation:改进Faster R-CNN的群养猪只圈内位置识别与应用
Authors:Wang, Hao (1); Zeng, Yaqiong (1); Pei, Hongliang (2); Long, Dingbiao (1); Xu, Shunlai (1); Yang, Feiyun (1); Liu, Zuohua (1); Wang, Dehui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing; 402460, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu; 610065, China; (3) College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu; 610065, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Dehui(35424743@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:201-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pigs' positional change in the group pens is a key indicator reflecting the behavioral expression and welfare of pigs. In this study, RGB (Red Green Blue) images were used as data sources, and an improved Faster R-CNN (Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks) algorithm for pigs' position recognition in group pen was proposed. The algorithm introduced the time series into the candidate box region algorithm, designed a hybrid of Faster R-CNN and lightweight CNN network, and improved the recognition accuracy and recognition speed. The Residual Network (ResNet) was used as the feature extraction convolutional layer to deepen the network depth, thereby improving the feature extraction ability to improve the algorithm robustness. The area of the pigs in the pen was judged by the PNPoly algorithm. The experiment was carried out 24 h of continuous 98 d of video recording on 3 pens (pen 3, 4, and 12) in 2 breeding stages (growing and fattening). Pen 3 and 4 had a smaller area and the size was 4.10 m×3.14 m. Pen 12 had a larger area and the size was 5.16 m×3.14 m. Bite chains had been equipped on the slatted floor area in pen 4 and 12. The experiment randomly extracted 25 000 pictures from the video for algorithm research, and 20 000 images from it as the training set, 3 000 as the verification set, and 2 000 as the test set. Through testing, when the network depth was 128 layers, both recognition accuracy and detection time could be considered. The recognition speed was 0.064 s/frame and the recognition accuracy was 96.7%. The optimal number of shared convolutional layers and neighborhood range rate were 128 and 0.3, respectively. The algorithm was used to obtain the heat map, position distribution ratio, and diurnal rhythm changes of the position distribution of pigs of different pens and feeding days. It was found that the locations of the pigs in all pens were significantly affected by the type of floor. There was a clear dividing line between the solid floor and the slatted floor in the heat map of all pens on all feeding days. The size of the pen had a significant effect on the position distribution of pigs. At the end of the growing stage, the proportion of pigs on the solid floor area in pen 12 was significantly increased by 8.2% and 41.7% compared with pen 3 and 4, respectively (P<0.05). At the end of the fattening stage, the proportion of pigs on the solid floor area in pen 12 was significantly increased by 7.9% and 30.4% compared with pen 3 and 4, respectively (P<0.05). And the distribution ratio of pigs on the solid floor area decreased with the increase of feeding days. From the change of diurnal rhythm, the rest period, activity period, and feeding period of the pigs were determined quickly, the night sleep time was 19:00-6:00, the lunch break time was 10:00-13:00, and the feeding time was 8:00-9:00 and 14:00-15:00 which coincided with the time of the manager added to feed. The distribution of pigs in the feeding period was affected by the installation position of the feeder, and therefore, when analyzing the free distribution pattern of pigs' position in group pens, it was recommended to exclude them or analyze them separately. Installing pig bite chains in the slatted floor area could help pigs distinguish the activity area from the lying area. This method realized the rapid and accurate identification of the position within the pigpen in the growing and fattening group mode. The result could also help to enrich the evaluation indicators of the herd behavior in the research of pigs' breeding facilities and environment control.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Behavioral research - Convolution - Extraction - Feature extraction - Feeding - Floors - Image enhancement - Mammals - Stages - Video recording
Uncontrolled terms:Algorithm researches - Distribution ratio - Environment control - Evaluation indicators - Installation position - Position recognition - Recognition accuracy - Recognition speed
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.2 Public Buildings - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 4.17e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+00%, Percentage 8.20e+00%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20210409829064
Title:Simulation of first flowering date for apple and risk assessment of late frost in main producing areas of northern China
Title of translation:中国北方主产地苹果始花期模拟及晚霜冻风险评估
Authors:Qiu, Meijuan (1); Liu, Buchun (1); Liu, Yuan (1); Wang, Keyi (1); Pang, Jingyi (1, 2); Zhang, Xiaonan (1); He, Jinna (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS/National Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Crop Water Use and Disaster Reduction/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, MOA, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Yingkou Meteorological Bureau, Yingkou; 115001, China; (3) College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Buchun(liubuchun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:154-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An accurate model of apple was established to simulate the first flowering date in the main apple producing areas of northern China. Taking the Yining, Aksu, Wanrong, Baishui, Liquan, Shanzhou district, Fushan, and Xiongyue in Xinjiang, Loess Plateau, and Bohai Bay, as examples, a systematic investigation was made to evaluate the climate risk for the late frost of apple in flowering stage. The phenological and meteorological observation data was collected during the same period from the representative stations in each area. The parameters of thermal time model were revised to establish the first flowering date model of apple in different stations. Using internal and cross validation methods, the applicability of thermal time model was evaluated when simulating the first flowering date of apple. Then, the model was used to reconstruct the first flowering date of apple from 1962 to 2019, in order to explore the variation trend for the first flowering date of apple and the climate risk of late frost to apple flower in each fruit region. The frequencies and days were determined in various grades of late frost, as well as the climate risk, combined with the meteorological index of late frost and the last day of its occurrence. The results showed that: 1) The models for the first flowering date of apple in Xinjiang, Loess Plateau, and Bohai Bay were able to accurately simulate the changes of the first flowering date in the representative stations in each region. The data was independent, where the root mean standard errors (RMSE) of internal validation in each region were 2.5-4.8, 2.4-5.0, and 2.3-3.0 d, and the R<sup>2</sup> values were 0.80-0.81, 0.66-0.89, and 0.74-0.90. In the cross validation, the values of RMSE were 5.0-6.6, 3.4-6.0, and 3.6-4.1 d, and the values of R<sup>2</sup> were 0.41-0.73, 0.54-0.92, and 0.88, respectively. 2) From 1962-2019 (except that Fushan was from 1980 to 2019), the first flowering date of apple showed a significant trend of advance, where the trend coefficients was -1.84 - -1.04, -3.09 - -2.62, and -2.37 - -1.88 d/10 a, respectively. 3) The occurrence frequency and days of light frost were the highest, followed by the medium frost, while, those of heavy frost were lowest. There were relatively large climate risk indexes of apple late frost in the fruit region of Xinjiang and the Loess Plateau. Specifically, the maximum of 2.38 was in Yining, and the second value of 1.81 was in Wanrong, with its light and medium frost occurring once about every 2 and 4 years, respectively, while, the annual average numbers of days of late frost were 0.90 and 0.31 d, respectively. Followed by Baishui, the light and medium frost occurring once every 3 and 14 years, respectively, while the annual average numbers of days of late frost were 0.62 and 0.14 d, respectively. Nevertheless, the climate risk index of apple in the late frost was 0 at Fushan in Bohai Bay. The apples in the fruit area of Xinjiang and Loess Plateau were more affected by the late frost, whereas, that in the Bohai Bay was basically not affected by the late frost. The findings can provide a scientific guidance to effectively prevent the impact of late frost disaster on local apple production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Climate models - Disaster prevention - Landforms - Risk assessment - Sediments
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate modeling - Apple production - Cross validation - Cross-validation methods - Meteorological index - Meteorological observation - Standard errors - Trend coefficients
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.40e+01yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 3.00e+00yr, Age 4.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20210409829111
Title:Nitrogen use efficiency evaluation of "rice/pearl millet-mushroom-cabbage" recycling agriculture based on <sup>15</sup>N tracer technique
Title of translation:基于<sup>15</sup>N示踪的"稻/草-食用菌-菜"循环系统氮肥利用率评价
Authors:Zhong, Zhenmei (1); Huang, Qinlou (1); Chen, Zhongdian (1); Huang, Xiusheng (1); Feng, Deqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Ecological Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou; 350013, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Qinlou(hql202@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:253-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) plays an important role in evaluating crop production and production efficiency of recycling agriculture. In this study, the NUE was systematically investigated in two recycling agriculture modes, in order to accelerate the application of "Rice/Pearl millet -Mushroom-Cabbage" in the southern China. Two recycling agricultural modes were the "Rice-Mushroom-Cabbage" marked as mode R, whereas, the "Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage" marked as mode P. Each recycling agricultural mode included three sectors, namely, three experiments. The first sector was that the <sup>15</sup>N-labeled urea was applied as the nitrogen fertilizer to rice and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum), marked as Ⅰ sector. The second sector was that two straws harvested from rice and pearl millet of Ⅰ sector were used as substrates to cultivate oyster mushroom, marked as Ⅱ sector. The third sector was that mushroom residues were applied as fertilizer to cultivate cabbage, marked as Ⅲ sector. A <sup>15</sup>N tracer technique was used to evaluate the NUE in two recycling agricultural modes in three sectors. The results indicated that the distribution of <sup>15</sup>N in the rice grain was 57.75%, greater than that of straw, while, that in the first harvest pearl millet was the highest, accounting for 58.94%. The highest nitrogen distribution in Ⅰ sector of mode R was in soil, followed by the aboveground plant and root, while that of mode P was observed in plant, followed by the soil and root. The order of nitrogen distribution in two modes was ranked as: the mushroom residues > oyster mushroom in Ⅱ sector, and soil > plant > root in Ⅲ sector. The highest NUE was observed in Ⅰ sector of R and mode P, which were 23.44% and 43.34%, respectively. The second was in Ⅱ sector, and the lowest was observed in Ⅲ sector. There were significant differences for the NUE in three sectors of mode P, and the NUE in Ⅰ sector of mode P significantly increased 19.23% and 92.97%, compared with the Ⅱ and Ⅲ sector, respectively. The highest nitrogen residue rate (NRR) was observed in Ⅱ sector of R and mode P, which were 43.48% and 50.74%, respectively, followed by that in the Ⅲ sector, and the lowest was in Ⅰ sector. The NUE of mode P significantly increased 84.90%, 69.31% and 47.29%, compared with mode R in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ sector, respectively. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference for the NUE between mode P and mode R in the Ⅲ sector. The NRR of mode P was lower than mode R in Ⅰ sector. There was an opposite performance in Ⅱ sector, and a higher NRR was observed in mode P. The nitrogen loss rate (NLR) of mode P was lower than that of mode R in Ⅱ sector, while, there was no significant difference for the NLR between two modes in Ⅰ and Ⅲ sector. The percentage of N derived from <sup>15</sup>N fertilizer (Ndff) of mode P was higher than that of mode R in Ⅰ sector, and there was no significant difference for Ndff between two modes in Ⅱ and Ⅲ sector. The NUE of two recycling agriculture modes was improved after adding sectors, compared with the solo rice/pearl millet planting, the <sup>15</sup>N accumulation in the aboveground plants of recycling agriculture in mode R and mode P increased from 63.50 and 112.30 mg to 115.33 and 169.89 mg, and the NUE increased from 22.29% and 39.41% to 40.48% and 59.62%, indicating the increases of 18.19 and 20.21 percentage point, respectively. The NUE of pearl millet was higher than that of rice, and the utilization efficiency of oyster mushroom assimilating nitrogen from pearl millet substrate was also higher than that from the rice straw substrate. Simultaneously, where the NUE, NLR and Ndff of "Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage" mode behaved better than that of the "Rice-Mushroom- Cabbage" mode. Therefore, it infers that the recycling system of "Pearl millet-Mushroom-Cabbage" was fit for the application in south China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Efficiency - Gems - Molluscs - Recycling - Shellfish - Soils - Substrates - Tracers - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Nitrogen distribution - Nitrogen utilization efficiencies - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Pennisetum americanum - Percentage points - Production efficiency - Recycling systems - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 482.2.1 Gems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.12e-04kg, Mass 1.15e-04kg, Mass 1.70e-04kg, Mass 6.35e-05kg, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Percentage 2.23e+01%, Percentage 2.34e+01%, Percentage 3.94e+01% to 4.05e+01%, Percentage 4.33e+01%, Percentage 4.35e+01%, Percentage 4.73e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+01%, Percentage 5.78e+01%, Percentage 5.89e+01%, Percentage 5.96e+01%, Percentage 6.93e+01%, Percentage 8.49e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20210409829056
Title:Effect of granular ruler in discrete element model of sandy loam fluidity in Ma yam planting field
Title of translation:麻山药种植田沙壤土流动性离散元模型颗粒放尺效应
Authors:Hao, Jianjun (1); Long, Sifang (1); Li, Jianchang (1); Ma, Zhikai (1); Zhao, Xiaoshun (1); Zhao, Jianguo (1); Li, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:56-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to significantly improve the computational efficiency of discrete element method (DEM) in the agricultural field, particularly in the simplified model for harvesting the yam-sandy loam soil complex. Taking the sandy loam soil as the research object, the dual-target parameter calibration experiments were used to construct non-spherical particles in the discrete element software, together with enlarging the size of a single particle. The dynamic accumulation angle, flow quality, and flow rate were determined in the drum and collapse tests, and thereby to explore the influence of particle ruler effect on the flow characteristics in the particle group. The maximum scale factor of particles in the model was set as S=4, and the rotating speed of drum was set as4rpm, 40rpm, and 80rpm, respectively. The dynamic angles of repose in the particle group were measured in the actual and simulation test. Subsequently, a collapse test was carried out to monitor the discharge outlet flow during the collapse of particle groups' indifferent sizes. The test results show that the average static accumulation angle of 2mm sandy loam matrix after drying treatment was 32.16°, and the average dynamic accumulation angle was 35.02°. The simulation parameters obtained from the dual-target calibration test were more accurate than that from the independent calibration test. The dynamic accumulation angle that formed by the real sandy loam particles in the drum decreased with the increase of particle size and rotation speed, while, the non-spherical particle group only changed the particle size in the simulation test. There was a relatively small difference in the dynamic angle of repose that produced in the case of diameter. In the collapse test, the changing trend of flow quality representing by the particle groups of different diameters in the flow process was basically the same as that of average flow velocity. The error was also increasing with the continuous increase of diameter. The amount of particles in the same calculation domain decreased by 87.24% (S=2) and 98.92% (S=4), respectively, indicating that the simulation time significantly reduced. Especially, when S=2, the calculation efficiency was significantly improved, compared with that of the non-stretched particles. The FT4 rheological test showed that when the scaling factor S was 2, the fitting curve of resistance F<inf>V</inf> and its torque T with the time changes was about twice that of the unfolding factor. When the scaling factor S was 4, the slopes of two fitted curves were totally different, indicating that the correlation was significantly reduced, compared with the original ruler. The findings can provide a sound theoretical basis on the construction of discrete element scaling model for the sandy loam soil, and the simulation calculation in agricultural engineering.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Calibration - Computational efficiency - Curve fitting - Efficiency - Finite difference method - Flow velocity - Particle size - Soil conditioners - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural fields - Calculation efficiency - Discrete element modeling - Flow charac-teristics - Nonspherical particle - Simulation calculation - Simulation parameters - Target calibration
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 4.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.00e+01RPM, Size 2.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20210409829140
Title:Experimental research of hydraulic performance on jet fertilizer applicator of SSQ series
Title of translation:SSQ系列射流施肥器水力性能试验研究
Authors:Wang, Xiaoshan (1); Yan, Haijun (1); Zhou, Lingjiu (1); Xu, Yuncheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yuncheng(ycxu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fertilizer device is essential to the precision fertigation technology. Most fertilizer equipment includes the pressuretanks, plunger pump of fertigation, Venturi injector, and self-pressure fertilizer device. A jet pump is widely used in theindustrial and agricultural production, because of its simple structure, and convenient operation without an external power. In the integration technology of water and fertilizer, the jet pump can serve as the function of Venturi injector. However, some jetfertilizer applicators with various types and sizes cannot meet the irrigation requirements of small pressure loss and large suction amount. In this study, 8 jet fertilizer applicators of SSQ series were tested according to the fertilization requirements of agricultural irrigationsystem, and subsequently their hydraulic performances were evaluated using the suction amount, and the pressuredifference between inlet and outlet. In terms of pressure difference, the working condition of a jet fertilizer applicator can be divided into 3 stages, including the no-injection, normal, and extreme stage. The results show that the suction amount of a jet fertilizer applicator increased with the increasing of pressure difference during the normal stage. The cavitation occurred, and the suction amount reached the maximum during the extreme stage. The 8 jet fertilizer applicators were achieved the optimal performance of injection, if the inlet pressure was higher than 0.20 MPa, where the maximum suction amount was found to be related to thecross-sectional area ratio of nozzle and throat. During the normal stage, the pressure difference of starting to inject or of themaximum efficiency was in positively linear relation with the inlet pressure. A theoretical linear equation with structural parameters was proposed to predict the relationship between pressure difference and inlet pressure, starting to inject, and the maximum efficiency, where most data derived from basic performance equation and pressure ratio, without considering theintercept. The slope mainly depended on the area ratio, and thereby it can be strongly related to the difference of pressure loss. In each inlet pressure, the maximum difference of pressure varied linearly with the increase of inlet pressure, where as, the cavitation was result in the large flow resistance during the extreme stage. The slope error of starting to inject was less than15%, and the average relative slope error of the maximum efficiency was 17% between regression model and relation formula, indicating that the relation formula had a good agreement with the experimental data. The prediction on thehydraulic performance of a jet fertilizer applicator can provide a sound theoretical basis for the design and application. Nevertheless, there were some assumptions when deriving this formula. It was assumed that the pressure was the same everywhere in thechamber between nozzle and throat. It also ignored the head loss in terms of the length of throat portion and diffuser portion. The derived relation formulas can be further improved in thefuture by considering the influences of extreme stage orcavitation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Applicators
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Cavitation - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Jet pumps - Nozzles - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Design and application - Experimental research - Hydraulic performance - Integration technologies - Irrigation requirements - Pressure differences - Structural parameter
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+01%, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20210409829133
Title:Technological design of slurry manure storage and returning to farmland for fertilization on large-scale dairy farm
Title of translation:规模化奶牛场粪污全量贮存及肥料化还田工艺设计
Authors:Xu, Pengxiang (1); Shen, Yujun (1); Ding, Jingtao (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Zhang, Pengyue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:260-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to promote the healthy development of animal husbandry, China put forward the road of green development of agriculture. The combination of planting and breeding has become an inevitable choice. The utilization of manure back to farmland is an important way of waste treatment in dairy farms. There are three types of manure, including solid, liquid, and slurry manure, which can be used as organic fertilizers. At present, returning of solid manure (after composting) and liquid manure (after storage or anaerobic fermentation) to the cropland has become the main way in dairy farms in China, while the slurry manure (after storage) is widely used in developed countries, such as Europe and America. Compared to other types of manure, the slurry manure contained higher nutrient, showing a promising application prospect in the areas with sufficient farmland. The storage technology of slurry manure has some good characteristics, such as easy collection of excrement, saving storage areas, and low treatment cost. However, only a few application cases were realized in China. In this study, the following contents were investigated for the technological design of manure storage, including the amount of collected manure wastes, parameters of storage facilities, parameters of manure utilization to farmland, costs of operation and so on, the volume of slurry manure storage facilities and the matching land areas of manure returning to farmland were given at the end. The results showed that the obvious advantages can be found in the slurry manure technology. A scaled farm with 500 dairy cattle was taken as an example, where the amount of slurry manure was 17.33 t per day. There are two types of slurry manure storage facilities, under-floor storage pit inside the breeding house and manure storage lagoon outside. The length, width, and depth of one under-floor storage pit were 85, 12 and 2 m, respectively, which can meet the storage need of slurry manure produced during 9 months. In the scaled farm with 500 dairy cattle, it needed 5 under-floor storage pits, where the total volume was 10 200 m<sup>3</sup>. The length, width, and depth of one manure storage lagoon were 90, 30 and 2.2 m, respectively, with a total volume of 5 615 m<sup>3</sup>, which can meet the storage need of slurry manure produced during 9 months. The farmland area for the application of manure was closely related to crop species and planting system. If the planting crops were wheat, harvest once a year, 248.4 hm<sup>2</sup> of farmland was needed for manure application. If the planting crops were corn, harvest once a year, 400.6 hm<sup>2</sup> of farmland was needed for manure application. If the planting crops were wheat and corn, harvest twice a year, 122.8 hm<sup>2</sup> of farmland was needed for manure application. If the planting crops were rice, harvest twice a year, 127.0 hm<sup>2</sup> of farmland was needed for manure application. The cost of all slurry manure returning to farmland was 103.7 thousand yuan, saving about 228 thousand yuan a year, compared with that of chemical fertilizers, and the annual economic benefit is 124.3 thousand yuan. The finding can provide a potential support for the application of storage technology for slurry manure.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Dairies - Farms - Floors - Harvesting - Manures - Sewage lagoons - Waste treatment - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Application prospect - Chemical fertilizers - Developed countries - Manure applications - Organic fertilizers - Storage facilities - Storage technology
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.50e-01yr, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.20e+00m, Size 3.00e+01m, Volume 1.02e+04m3, Volume 5.62e+03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20210409829092
Title:Comparison of measurement methods of sediment concentration in collecting tanks of slope runoff plots
Title of translation:坡面径流小区集流桶含沙量测量方法对比
Authors:Chen, Xiaoan (1, 2); Cao, Zhi (3, 4); Yu, Ronggang (1); Zhang, Long (1); Chen, Hao (1); Cai, Yuanhai (3); Feng, Yang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Jiangxi Lvchuan Technology Development Co. LTD, Jiujiang; 332000, China; (4) Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha; 410004, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Long(onlyjiangxin@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:130-136
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The accurate measurement of sediment concentration in collecting tanks of slope runoff plots is a key to quantitatively monitor slope soil erosion. The researches on measuring accuracy, influencing factors and applicability of field runoff plot observation methods are needed. In this study, four methods of sediment concentration were compared. The test was taken in quaternary red earth. The soil samples were taken from surface of farmland (0-20 cm). Six sediment concentrations (1.05, 5.07, 10.49, 50.72, 101.45 and 439.10 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) were designed based on the measured sediment concentration range from 2012 to 2016 in slope farmland. Three water depths were set up including 30, 60 and 90 cm. Four methods included Artificial Method (AM), Mechanical Method (MM), Dept Profile Method (PM) and MM+PM. The measurement accuracy was evaluated by relative error. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results show that compared with the true value, the measurement accuracy of different method for determining sediment concentration was low. The averages of absolute relative error for the AM, MM, PM and MM+PM were 37%, 24%, 38% and14%, respectively. The measurement accuracy of different methods was 14% or above. Among them, the accuracy of MM+PM was the highest. In general, the relative error of each method was large under the condition of high sediment concentration. The depth of water had different influence on different sampling methods. Comparatively, the measurement error of AM was most significantly affected by water depth. Under low sediment concentration, when the water depth increased to 60 cm, the measurement error significantly increased, but when the water depth continued to increase, the measurement error did not increase. When the sediment concentration was 101.45 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the relative error of MM only increased significantly after the water depth increased to 90 cm. When the sediment concentration was 59.72 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, no obvious relationship was found between the measurement accuracy of the PM method and the water depth. When the sediment concentration was more than 5.07 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, the measurement accuracy of the MM+PM method was almost not affected by water depth. The linear equation was used to modify the sediment concentration measurement results of the four methods. All R<sup>2</sup> were greater than 0.99 (P<0.01), and the root-mean-square error was 4.53-11.37 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, which indicated the reliability of the linear regression equation and the equation could be used to calibrate the measured values of each method. The relative error of the measured values of each method was significantly reduced and the measurement accuracy was significantly improved. The practical range of these equations was 1.05-439.10 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and the water depth was 60 cm. The results of this study could support the selection of sampling methods under different conditions. The results of this study could be used to revise the sediment concentration in collecting tanks of slope runoff plots in red soil area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Farms - Mean square error - Measurement errors - Runoff - Sedimentation - Sediments - Soils - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate measurement - Comparison of measurements - Linear regression equation - Measurement accuracy - Measuring accuracy - Observation method - Root mean square errors - Sediment concentration
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.2 Tanks - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.01e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.05e+00kg/m3 to 4.39e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.39e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.53e+00kg/m3 to 1.14e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.07e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.97e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 3.70e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m, Percentage 2.40e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20210409829071
Title:Pattern selection of water and nitrogen practices to reduce greenhouse gas emission and increase profit in a double rice system
Title of translation:双季稻减排增收的水氮优化管理模式筛选
Authors:Li, Runan (1, 2); Li, Yu'e (1); Wang, Bin (1); Wan, Yunfan (1); Li, Jianling (1); Ma, Ping (1); Weng, Shimei (3); Qin, Xiaobo (1); Gao, Qingzhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Dandong Meteorological Bureau, Dandong; 118000, China; (3) School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai; 200241, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yu'e(liyue@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:105-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice paddy field has been an important emission source of greenhouse gas. A combination of water-saving irrigation, controlled release urea, and reduced nitrogen can offer the promising potential to decrease the emissions of greenhouse gas, while, to increase grain yield simultaneously in rice cultivation. Aiming to verify which the water and nitrogen practice can achieve the goal of "low input-low emission-high benefit", a field experiment was conducted in a double rice cropping system in the Jianghan Plain, Hubei province, China. Four nitrogen practices were designed: 1) urea (U), 2) polymer-coated controlled release urea (CRU), 3) 20% reduced urea application (US), and 4) 20% reduced polymer-coated controlled release urea application. Two water practices were integrated, 1) the conventional irrigation with mid-season drainage (CI), and 2) water-saving irrigation with shallow water depth and alternation of wetting and drying (SWD). The automatic static chamber method equipped with gas chromatography was applied to the sample, further to measure the emissions of greenhouse gas (CH<inf>4</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O) during the rice growing season under various treatments. A life cycle analysis (LCA) was used to calculate the carbon footprint in the rice production system. The intensity of carbon emission per unit grain yield was estimated using cost-benefit analysis, together with the unit net income. The results showed that the controlled release urea and reduced rate of nitrogen application can alleviate both emissions of CH<inf>4</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O, while, the water-saving irrigation decreased CH<inf>4</inf> emissions but increased N<inf>2</inf>O emissions. The yield of grain increased with the application of controlled release urea, while, decreased with the water-saving irrigation, and 20% reduction in nitrogen application, but these negative effects can be ignored in the practical case. The LCA indicated that CH<inf>4</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions in the double rice cultivation contributed the highest portion to total carbon footprint (50.7%-69.9%), followed by nitrogen input (21.6%-33.4%). The carbon footprint and net income decreased at varied levels under the treatments of water-saving irrigation, controlled release urea, and reduced rate of nitrogen application. Compared with the treatment of U + CI, the CRUS + SWD treatment achieved the highest reduction in carbon emissions (P<0.05), followed by CRU + SWD, US + SWD, CRU + CI, and U + SWD. It infers that the application of controlled-release urea led to much higher input cost, while, the reduction of nitrogen application amount can decrease this cost. The water-saving irrigation directly saved the water, electricity and manpower consumption, showing a lower cost. Considering both input cost and yield production, the controlled-release urea contributed to the increase of net profit for the double rice, where the CRUS + SWD achieved the highest net profit, followed by CRU + CI. The net income of carbon footprint decreased noticeably under all other treatments, compared with the urea and conventional irrigation. Particularly, the treatment of CRUS + SWD achieved the lowest intensity of carbon emission (0.51 kg/yuan), 62.7% lower than that of U + CI. The data confirmed that the combination of water-saving irrigation, controlled release urea with 20% reduction in nitrogen application rate can be used to save the input cost, while to improve net profit, and thereby to effectively reduce carbon emission intensity in a double rice cropping system. These findings can also provide a promising theoretical support for the production of low carbon rice in China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Cost benefit analysis
Controlled terms:Artificial life - Carbon footprint - Cost reduction - Cultivation - Emission control - Gas chromatography - Gas emissions - Grain (agricultural product) - Greenhouse gases - Irrigation - Life cycle - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Plastic coatings - Profitability - Urea - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon emission intensities - Life cycle analysis - Nitrogen application rates - Rice cropping systems - Rice production systems - Shallow water depths - Static chamber method - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454 Environmental Engineering - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+01% to 3.34e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+01% to 6.99e+01%, Percentage 6.27e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20210409829058
Title:Simulation and validation of extinction coefficient at different positions of cucumber and celery in solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室黄瓜和芹菜不同位置消光系数模拟及验证
Authors:Cheng, Chen (1); Li, Zhenfa (2); Dong, Chaoyang (2); Gong, Zhihong (2); Feng, Liping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin; 300074, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhenfa(lzfaaa@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:243-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Extinction coefficient (k) in a photosynthetic action is an important parameter in a growth model of crops. If the extinction coefficients of a crop at the different positions are accurately evaluated, the photosynthetic rate of crop canopy can be accurately simulated, thereby to improve the simulation accuracy of crop model. The purpose of this study is to simulate the extinction coefficient of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) in a solar greenhouse. A 2-year greenhouse experiment was carried out from 2018 to 2020 in the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Base, in Wuqing, Tianjin, China (116°58' E, 39°26' N, altitude 8 m). There were two or three transplanting dates for each stubble, particularly on the early transplanting date (EP, about 15 to 20 days earlier than the local conventional planting date), the medium transplanting date (MP local conventional transplanting date), where the spring stubble was transplanted in late March, while, the autumn and winter crops were transplanted in middle October, and the late planting (LP, about 15 to 20 days later than the local conventional transplanting date). The planting density, varieties and management methods were consistent with the similar vegetable cultivation methods in North China, providing that the yield and quality can reach the best level. Three replicates were set for each transplanting date, while the random block group design was adopted. The cucumber variety was Jinsheng 206, and celery variety was Juventus. The cucumber was divided into 7 development stages, namely, the transplanting date (T), stretch tendril period (ST), initial flowering period (IF), fruiting period (F), the early harvest period (EH), harvest period (H), and uprooting period (U). The celery was divided into 5 development stages, namely, the transplanting date (T), outer leaf growth period (OLG), cardiac hypertrophy period (CH), early wither period (EW), and late wither period (LW). The radiation data of cucumber and celery was collected at various height positions (Bottom of Crop (BC), 1/3 Height of Crop (1/3HC) and 2/3 Height of Crop (2/3HC)), where the crop height of celery was equal to the plant height, but that of cucumber was not exactly equal. A simulation model of extinction coefficient was established for a greenhouse crops, according to the value of extinction coefficient at noon (12 o 'clock), using the experimental observation data of 11 transplanting dates. The model parameters were used to verify the rationality and accuracy of modules, representing by the statistical indicators. The results showed: 1) In the change of k value at noon (12 o 'clock), the cucumber presented a trend of decline first and then rise during the autumn and winter crop (AW) stubble, while, the spring crop (SC) stubble presented an opposite trend, where the AW stubble was higher than that of SC. The k value was greater as the increase in the height of position. In the growing season of celery, the k value was the process of the first increase and then decrease. As the increase in the height of position, the k value first decreased and then increased. 2) In the daily change of k value, the cucumber and celery showed a change trend of the first rising and then falling. 3) In the change of k value in each development stage, the k value of cucumber increased gradually with the rise of height in the same stage of development. The celery showed a trend of the first decline and then rise. At the same position level, the mean value of cucumber k at each position showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, while, that of celery at each stage decreased gradually. 4) The relationship between k value at time and at noon, the height parameters, and the number of time decreased linearly, indicating that the model parameters were related to the crop types and height position. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of simulated and measured k value in the cucumber and the celery were 0.45 and 0.06, and the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) was 18.34% and 13.35%, respectively. The RMSE of simulated and measured k value at different heights (BC, 1/3HC, and 2/3HC) were 0.47, 0.36 and 0.33, and the NRMSE were 17.91%, 19.69% and 23.85%, respectively, indicating a high accuracy of the model. The findings can provide a theoretical foundation and a scientific application for the simulation accuracy and rationality of vegetable growth and development model.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Clocks - Crops - Cultivation - Greenhouses - Mean square error - Solar heating - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science and technology innovations - Extinction coefficient (k) - Extinction coefficients - Greenhouse experiments - Root mean square errors - Scientific applications - Simulation and validation - Theoretical foundations
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 4.11e-02yr to 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.39e+01%, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20210409829130
Title:Improvement of extraction accuracy for cropping intensity in complex surface regions using STARFM
Title of translation:利用STARFM模型提高复杂地表下复种指数遥感提取精度
Authors:Zhang, Wei (1, 2); Li, Wei (1, 2); Tao, Guanhong (1, 2); Li, Ainong (3); Qin, Zhihao (4); Lei, Guangbin (3); Chen, Yixi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) China Electronics Technology Group Corporation CETC Big Data Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guiyang; 550000, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data Application on Improving Government Governance Capabilities, Guiyang; 550000, China; (3) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (4) Institute of Agro-Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Tao, Guanhong(taoguanhong1986@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:175-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cropping intensity (CI) is essentially related to the utilization condition of arable land. A classification method based on high spatial resolution data (TM), and a peak-counting method based on high temporal resolution NDVI data (MODIS NDVI) are mainly used to extract CI in remotely sensed field. However, it is difficult to acquire the high spatial resolution data with high quality characteristics in the most classification method, as three requirements cannot be satisfied concurrently. The first condition is the time requirement, where the high spatial resolution data can be observed in the growing season. The second one is the frequency requirements, where at least one period of data can be obtained in the growing season. The third one is the quality requirement, where the data cannot be polluted by the cloud, mist and other environmental surroundings. Furthermore, the performance was relatively low, when the peak-counting method was applied in some complex surface regions, since the high temporal resolution data has the low spatial resolution (>250 m). A feasible strategy can be made to obtain a high extraction accuracy of CI, in order to improve the spatial resolution of high temporal resolution data in the use of spatiotemporal data fusion (Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model, STARFM). Taking the hilly region in the eastern Sichuan as a research area, the 2010-2011 time series Landsat-like NDVI dataset with high temporal and spatial resolution was collected to extract the spatial distribution of cropping area for the winter-season in2010 and the CI for summer- and winter-seasons in 2011 in Yanting County, using the STARFM algorithm, Landsat TM and MODIS data. Precision validation between different data in various methods was done at a series of spatial scales (30-4 000 m), referring to the visual interpretation of 1509 random samples, and the spatial distribution of cropping area for winter-season in2010 using Landsat data. The results showed that: 1) Compared to the peak-counting method using Landsat-like time-series NDVI dataset, the overall accuracy of verification was higher for the classification method using Landsat data (89.73% vs. 54.94%), at the scale of 30 m. 2) Compared to the peak-counting method using MODIS time-series NDVI dataset, the overall accuracy of verification was higher 3%-7% for the peak-counting method using Landsat-like time-series NDVI dataset, at the scales from 250 m to 4 000 m. 3) The overall accuracy of verification was higher 0.17, when the data from the new method was spatially aggregated from 30 m to 4 000 m. In the CI result of 2011 in Yanting County, the data in the Mianyang Statistical Yearbook of 2011, and 73 samples from the field survey data in August 2013 were used to validate the practicability of new method. There were very close CI values from the statistical data (1.69) and new method (1.67), indicating that the overall accuracy of verification was 73.97% in the field survey. A high accuracy of extraction and fine spatial details of CI can be acquired, when using the fusion of spatiotemporal data in some complex surface regions. The findings can contribute to the evaluation of food production and carbon sequestration potential in complex surface regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Data mining
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Data fusion - Extraction - Forestry - Image resolution - Radiometers - Spatial distribution - Surveys - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon sequestration potential - Classification methods - High spatial resolution - High temporal resolution - Quality requirements - Spatio-temporal data - Temporal and spatial - Visual interpretation
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+00% to 7.00e+00%, Percentage 5.49e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Size 2.50e+02m to 4.00e+03m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 3.00e+01m to 4.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20210409829131
Title:Isolation and identification of cassava residue substrate fermentation microorganisms and compound bacteria preparation
Title of translation:木薯渣基质化发酵微生物分离及复合菌配制
Authors:Wang, Zhan (1); Leng, Yuqian (1); Guo, Shirong (1); Sun, Jin (1); Xia, Pengfei (2); Shu, Sheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Nanjing Xinchuang Vegetable Molecular Breeding Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 211800, China
Corresponding author:Shu, Sheng(shusheng@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:266-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cassava residue is a typical byproduct inacassava industry, containing a large amount of lignocellulose.However, if not treated timely, the cassava residuecanseriously pollute the ecological environment, due toits relatively slow degradationunder natural conditions. It is urgent to properly treatthe byproductsof cassava processingin time. At present, the cassava residue is mainly used in the production of animal feed, horticultural substrates, and industrial raw materials. Nevertheless, there are certain drawbacks in the processingof cassava residues underthese pathways. The lignocellulose is akey factor that affects the fermentation process of organic wastes. In recent years, most microbial studies on the fermentation of organic waste matrixes, such as vinasse and twigs, have focused on the cellulose-efficient degrading bacteria. This study aims to isolate, screen and identifythe microbial strains related to the fermentation of cassava residue from the natural fermentation process, thereby to obtain a composite microbial agent.An emphasis is put on the fermentation of composite microbial agent in the cassava residue matrix. The main results are as follows:Microorganisms were isolated during the four key periods of natural fermentation, including the initial stage (25℃), warming stage (25-40℃), high temperature stage (55-60℃), and decaying stage (25℃). A plate coating method was used to isolate microorganisms at different fermentation stages, where the 30 strains of bacteria were isolated in the initial stage, 54 strains in the warming stage, 25 strains in the high temperature stage, and 32 strains in the rotting stage. Further inoculation of isolated microorganisms onto Congo red medium can contribute to the selection of 54 strains with lignocellulose-degrading functions. 37 microorganisms closely related to cassava residue fermentation were identifiedusing the 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing of inner transcribed spacer region. The combination of Bacillus uplandis and Bacillus licheniformiswas the best fermenting bacterium, while the actinomycetes were the best fermenting bacterium. The red streptomyceteswere the most effective, where thefungi were best with Trichoderma viride. The strains were further compounded in proportion to form microbial agents. It was found that the mixture of three types of microorganisms had the best fermentation effect, wherethe residue cellulose content was reduced by 24.4%, while, the weight loss was significantly higher than that of commercial agents. These results demonstratedthat there was a certain synergy between microorganisms, and this synergy can contribute to promote the fermentation process of cassava pomace.The compound microbial agents can be recommendedduring this time to achievethe most efficient fermentation, including the Bacillus uplandis, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces pallidus, and Trichoderma viride.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Bacteria
Controlled terms:Azo dyes - Bacteriology - Biodegradation - Cellulose - Fermentation - Lignin - Plants (botany) - Process control - Substrates - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Bacillus licheniformis - Ecological environments - Fermentation process - Fermenting bacteria - Horticultural substrate - Isolated microorganisms - Isolation and identification - Transcribed spacer
Classification code:461.8 Biotechnology - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.44e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20210409829045
Title:Design and experiment of stalk returning proportion adjusting device for corn original stubble
Title of translation:玉米原茬地秸秆还田比例调节装置设计与试验
Authors:Shi, Naiyu (1); Chen, Haitao (1); Wei, Zhipeng (1); Hou, Shouyin (1); Zou, Zhen (1); Wang, Xing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Haitao(htchen@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A series of 2BMFJ type no-tillage planter has been proposed to serve as a feasible operation mode of "preparation of side-way anti-blocking seed bed and concurrently covered with uniform straw". The amount of straw mulching can generally determine the effect of straw returning on soil improvement and crop growth benefit. If the amount of straw mulching is too small, there is no obvious effect on the soil moisture conservation and fertilizer cultivation. In this case, it is recommended that the straw can be returned to field in the whole amount. Nevertheless, if the straw mulching is too large, the yield of crop can decline due to "low temperature effect" and "biochemical effect" in some areas with high content of soil organic matter. As such, the proportional straw returning to the field can be used in a straw proportion regulation technology and supporting device under the operation mode of lateral straw cleaning, according to the environmental conditions in soil. The structural parameters of device can be determined using various theoretical analysis. In this study, a multi-link mechanism was designed to control the throwing trace of straw by adjusting the deflection angle of spring-tooth. Two correction coefficients of k<inf>x</inf> and k<inf>y</inf> were introduced to the model of straw throwing trace for an accurate simulation. The high speed camera system was selected to in-situ capture the throwing process of straw. The movement and distribution of straw throwing can be achieved, in order to determine the proportion of straw return to field. A cloud map was performed on a Matlab platform, thereby to quantify the distribution of straw. The deflection angle of throwing control baffle and gravity was 45°, when the proportion of straw returning to field was not less than 50%. The field experiment was carried out at the Xiangyang farm of Northeast Agricultural University from October 21 to 22, 2019, where a corn stubble field with the soil hardnessof28.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and soil moisture content of 21.7%. Four factors and five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combined experimental method can be applied to optimize the influence of various parameters on straw returning proportion, the structure and working parameters in a proportion regulation device. The deflection angle of spring-tooth, area of recovery port, operating speed and straw mulching amount were selected as influencing factors, where as the proportion of straw returning to field were selected as the evaluation index of performance. The test results showed that the area of recovery port and deflection angle of spring-tooth had an extremely significant impact on the test indicators (P<0.01), while the straw mulching amount and operating speed had a secondary impact (0.01<P<0.05). Taking the proportion of straw returning to field as 50% and 70%, an experimental verification was conducted to optimize the combination of influencing factors. The results showed that the proportion of straw returning to field was 52.3%, when the deflection angle of spring-tooth was 21.0°, the area of recovery port was 1 120 cm<sup>2</sup>, the operating speed was 5 km/h, and straw mulching amount was 1.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Compared with the ideal value in a model prediction, the error was 2.3% and 4.3%, respectively. The proportion of straw returning to field was 71.9%, when the deflection angle of spring-tooth was 21.0°, the area of recovery port was 890 cm<sup>2</sup>, the operating speed was 8.0 km/h, and the straw mulching amount was 1.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. Compared with the ideal value in a model prediction, the error was 1.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Therefore, the straw returning proportion regulation device under no tillage and straw mulching planting mode can be used to realize the automatic regulation of straw mulching returning proportion by changing the parameters, thereby to improve the accumulated temperature of seed bed, while to reduce the allelopathic effect of biochemical. The findings can provide a sound reference for the popularization and application to the planting mode of no tillage and straw mulching in cold regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Cultivation - Deflection (structures) - Environmental regulations - Environmental technology - High speed cameras - Low temperature effects - MATLAB - Moisture control - Recovery - Secondary recovery - Seed - Soil moisture - Speed - Temperature - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Correction coefficients - Environmental conditions - Experimental verification - High speed camera systems - Moisture conservation - Multi link mechanisms - Structure and working parameters
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.12e-01m2, Area 8.90e-02m2, Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 1.90e+00%, Percentage 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+00%, Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.23e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.19e+01%, Surface_Density 1.10e+00kg/m2, Velocity 1.39e+00m/s, Velocity 2.22e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20210409829047
Title:Effects of reduced and deep fertilizer on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission and yield of winter rapeseed
Title of translation:肥料减量深施对土壤N<inf>2</inf>O排放和冬油菜产量的影响
Authors:Chen, Hui (1, 2); Gao, Liping (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Xiao, Wenli (1, 2); Wei, Guoliang (1, 2); Liao, Yitao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Yitao(liaoetao@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:80-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) has made a strong contribution to the climate change, particularly on the global warming potential 265 times greater than that of CO<inf>2</inf> on a 100-year time horizon. Agricultural soil is an important source of N<inf>2</inf>O emission, accounting for approximately 33% of the global N<inf>2</inf>O. Furthermore, nitrogenous fertilizer plays a crucial role in N<inf>2</inf>O emission in agriculture, accounting for approximately 70% of the agricultural soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions. Therefore, the reduced fertilizer can be used to alleviate the soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission, but it simultaneously can decrease the crop yield. A tradeoff between crop yield and ecological environment has become urgent in the planting link of crops. An application of deep fertilization has the potential to increase the crop yield and the use efficiency of fertilizer. However, there is still lacking the effect of reduced fertilizer on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission under deep fertilization. In this study, a field experiment was conducted using the static chamber method and gas chromatography to determine the impacts of fertilizer treatments on soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission, soil Water-Filled Pore Space (WFPS), soil temperature, and yield of winter rapeseed, from October 2019 to May 2020. Five treatments included: 100% (DF100), 80% (DF80), and 60% (DF60) of the local recommended slow-release fertilizer (N-P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>-K<inf>2</inf>O=187.5-52.5-60 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) under deep fertilization, broadcast with the local recommended slow-release fertilizer (BF100), and no fertilizer (F0). The results showed that the soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission under DF100 was 13.3% greater than that of BF100, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The DF100 treatment significantly increased the yield of winter rapeseed by 20.1%, Partial Factor Productivity (PFP) by 20.1%, and Agronomic Efficiency (AE) by 31.9% (P<0.05). The DF100 treatment reduced the yield-scaled N<inf>2</inf>O emissions (Y-S<inf>N2O</inf>) by 5.0%, indicating that the increasing rate of rapeseed yield was greater than that of N<inf>2</inf>O emission under deep fertilization. In addition, the reduced fertilizer significantly decreased the soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission, winter rapeseed yield, and fertilizer use efficiency (P<0.05). The soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission under DF100 increased by 22.7%, 42.5%, and 153.7%, compared with the DF80, DF60, and F0 treatment, respectively. The yield of winter rapeseed under the DF100 treatment was 1.30, 2.24, and 3.24 times greater than that of DF80, DF60, and F0, respectively. The PFP under DF100 treatment increased by 3.8% and 34.5% than that of DF80 and DF60, respectively. Meanwhile, the AE under DF100 treatment increased by 19.7% and 201.3% than that of DF80 and DF60, respectively. A trend of an initial increase then decrease in the value of Y-S<inf>N2O</inf> was observed with the increase of fertilizer amount. The maximum Y-S<inf>N2O</inf> was 0.293 g/kg under the DF60 treatment, increasing by 23.1%, 48.8%, and 57.4% than that under the F0, DF80, and DF100 treatment, respectively. To balance environmental and economic conditions, the application amount of slow-release fertilizer can be reduced appropriately, according to the local recommendation, but it should be greater than 600 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The optimal combination on the amount of slow-release fertilizer and deep fertilization can be used to increase the yield of winter rapeseed and use efficiency of fertilizer, as well as reduce soil N<inf>2</inf>O emission. This finding can provide a sound reference for the reduction of N<inf>2</inf>O emission in winter rapeseed fields, and rational fertilization in mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Efficiency - Gas chromatography - Global warming - Nitrogen oxides - Oilseeds - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Ecological environments - Economic condition - Global warming potential - Optimal combination - Partial factor productivity - Slow release fertilizers - Static chamber method
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+02yr, Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.54e+02%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+02%, Percentage 2.27e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 3.45e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 4.88e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20210409829151
Title:Land use optimization allocation based on improved NSGA-Ⅲ by GPU parallel computing
Title of translation:基于改进的GPU并行NSGA-Ⅲ的土地利用优化配置
Authors:Wang, Haijun (1, 2); Zeng, Haoran (1); Zhang, Wenting (3); Zhang, Bin (1); Zhou, Linghui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Systems, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The contradiction between supply and demand of land resources has become increasingly prominent, as the rapid development of urbanization. This problem has hindered the improvement of urbanization and development quality. The optimization of land-use allocation can bean important approach to coordinate the limited land resources, and thereby to ensure the high-quality development of a city. This study aims to establish a spatial optimization model of land use via a multi-objective optimization model with NSGA-III. A multi-objective model consists of the main and the constraint objectives. The main objectives include the maximization of GDP value, the maximization of ESV, the minimization of changing cost from the status que, and the minimized incompatibility of land use types. Besides, the constraint objectives are comprised of 5 quantitative constraints and 4 spatial constraints dataset according to policy planning. The NSGA-III can be well used to solve the multi-objective space optimization of land use, due to its excellent ability of global optimization and spatial search. The recombination and mutation operator were improved, based specifically on the characteristics and developments of geographical units. The efficiency of modified model was improved remarkably via integrating the GPU parallel computing. The Dongxihu District of Wuhan, China, was taken as the study area to test the model. Two typical schemes, including ecological and economic priority, were analyzed to compare the time-consuming of model in the serial computing of CPU and parallel computing of GPU. Consequently, the results demonstrated that: 1) A better optimization efficiency of modified model can be obtained using the GPU parallel computing, where the computing time reduced from 158.08 hours to 1.68 hours. 2) The modified model can be used to coordinate multiple objectives, and thereby to reasonably optimizing land use in terms of quantity structure and spatial pattern, providing for the multiple selections indecision making. In the scheme of ecological priority, the ecological benefits of study area reduced by 6.16%, and the economic benefits increased by 13.64%. In the scheme of economic priority, the ecological benefits reduced by 6.19%, and the economic benefits increased by 15.86%.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Efficiency - Global optimization - Graphics processing unit - Multiobjective optimization - Natural resources
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological and economic - GPU parallel computing - Land use allocation - Land-use optimization - Multi-objective modeling - Multi-objective optimization models - Optimization efficiency - Spatial optimization model
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.59e+01%, Percentage 6.16e+00%, Percentage 6.19e+00%, Time 5.69e+05s to 6.05e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20210409829136
Title:Continuous fermentation process of fermented liquid feed
Title of translation:液态发酵饲料连续发酵工艺
Authors:Guan, Xiaofeng (1); Liu, Zhiyun (1, 2); Xiao, Rong (1, 2); Liu, Zuohua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing; 402460, China; (2) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pig Industry Sciences, Chongqing; 402460, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Zuohua(liuzuohua66@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:300-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to evaluate the effects of fermentation strain, retention ratio, fermentation temperature, exogenous benzoic acid, and exogenous enzyme preparation on fermentation process and the nutritional value of feeds, by means of monitoring the variations invarious indicators of liquid feed during fermentation, including the pH, the numbers of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Escherichia coli (E. coli), mold, and yeast, acid-soluble protein content, and soluble sugar content. The experiment was performed using a corn-soybean-wheat bran mixture as the fermentation substrate, to select strains for producing liquid fermented feed. The results show that: 1) The selected LAB strain 28-7 has strong ability in inhibiting E. coli and producing lactic acid. The pH value of feed dropped to 4.45 after 6 hours of fermentation, and the E. coli cannot be detected. 2) During the continuous fermentation with the LAB strain 28-7, little difference showed in the effects on the pH or the numbers of LAB and mold in the fermented feed with retention ratio at 20%, 30% or 50%, and the E. coli was not detected. Therefore, the retention ratio of 20% can ensure a good fermentation. 3) The addition of exogenous non-starch polysaccharide enzyme can significantly increase the acid-soluble protein content, acid-soluble protein/crude protein ratio, and soluble sugar content in the fermented feed (P<0.05). The addition of exogenous benzoic acid can effectively inhibit moldmultiplication. 4) The acid-soluble protein and the acid-soluble protein/crude protein ratio significantly increased (P<0.05) with the fermentation at 37℃. The pH values of feed at 3-12, 20, and 37 ℃ were less than 4.0. The LAB number was more than 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/mL. The E. coli, yeast and mold were not detected. The liquid fermentation technique was established in this study: Lactic acid bacteria strain 28-7 (inoculation amount 1.0×10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL), non-starch polysaccharide enzyme (250 g/kg), and benzoic acid (0.1 g/kg) were simultaneously added at the beginning of fermentation. The production was proceeded with the fermentation period of 24 h, the retention ratio of 20%, and temperature at 3-12 ℃ (room temperature in winter), 20 ℃ (average room temperature in spring and autumn), and 37 ℃ (average room temperature in summer). The liquid fermented feed produced inthis process was light yellow in color, and rich in mild sour flavor; the pH value of feed was less than 4.0; the LAB number was more than 10<sup>10</sup> CFU/mL; the content of acid-soluble protein and the ratio of acid soluble protein to crude protein significantly increased (P<0.05). The mold, yeast and E. coli were not detected. Compared with spring, autumn and winter, the acid-soluble protein content can be more easily increased in summer production (P<0.05).<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Benzoic acid
Controlled terms:Enzymes - Escherichia coli - Fermentation - Laboratories - Lactic acid - Liquids - Molds - pH effects - Process control - Starch - Strain - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous fermentation - Continuous fermentation process - Escherichia coli (E. coli) - Fermentation substrates - Fermentation temperature - Liquid fermentations - Non-starch polysaccharides - Soluble sugar contents
Classification code:801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20210409829039
Title:Effects of polymer materials on soil-crop nitrogen and phosphorus distribution and spring wheat yield
Title of translation:高分子材料对土壤-作物氮磷分布及春小麦产量的影响
Authors:Tian, Xiaoming (1); Wang, Kaiyong (2); Wang, Jiqing (1); Fan, Hua (2); E, Yulian (2); Zhang, Kaixiang (2); Ma, Hongxiu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture and Forestry, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou; 075000, China; (2) Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Kaiyong(wky20@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:97-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Polymer materials have broad potential applications for saving water and increasing crop yields in irrigated agricultural systems. However, little is known about how polymer on soil-wheat nitrogen and phosphorus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changes of humic acid (an alkali extract of cottonseed meal), modified polymer (a mixture of anionic polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate), and composite polymer (a 1:1 mixture of H and P) applied with drip irrigation on the content and storage of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil aggregates, and their effects on the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of plant organs and spring wheat yield. The results demonstrated that the addition of polymer materials had a great impact on the total nitrogen content of different fractions. Compared with control (CK), the humic acid treatment (H) significantly increased the total nitrogen content of >2, >1-2, >0.25-1, and ≤0.053 mm fractions in the >20-40 cm soil layer. The modified polymer (P) and composite polymer (HP) treatments significantly increased the total nitrogen content of >2, >1-2, ≤0.053 mm and >2, >0.25-1, ≤0.053 mm fractions in the surface soil (0-20 cm), respectively. In the total phosphorus content of different fractions, the H and P treatments significantly increased the total phosphorus content of >0.25-1 mm and >2 mm fractions in the top soil, respectively. Meanwhile, in the >20-40 cm soil layer, the total phosphorus content of >1-2 mm and >0.053-0.25 mm for H, the P treatments were totally different than that of CK treatment. In the nitrogen and phosphorus storages of aggregates, the H treatment mainly increased the tota3l nitrogen and phosphorus storages of >0.25-1 mm fractions. The P treatment was beneficial to increase the total phosphorus storages of >1-2, >0.25-1, >0.053-0.25 and ≤0.053 mm fractions. Although polymer materials reduce the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus, while the dry weight of spring wheat stems, they have increased other plant organs (Flowering stage: leaf, and spike; Mature stage: leaf, husk and grain) in grains during maturity stage. Compared with CK, the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains for the H and P treatments increased by 25.6% and 24.9%, 40.9% and 26.7% (P<0.05), respectively, while the grain yield increased by 19.7% and 12.6% (P<0.05), respectively. A Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was used to clarify the relationship between the storage of nitrogen and phosphorus in different fractions, and the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the yield of spring wheat. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus storages of >1-2 and >0.25-1 mm fractions were one of the main driving factors for the yield of spring wheat. Meanwhile, the humic acid and modified polymer materials can be used to promote the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the grain by increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus storage of >0.25-1 mm fractions and the total phosphorus storage of >1-2 mm fractions, respectively, thereby to increase spring wheat yield. The findings can be used to elucidate the action mechanism of polymer materials on soil nitrogen and phosphorus, and thereby to provide a more in-depth theoretical basis for local application and promotion of polymer materials.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Phosphorus
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Crops - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Manganese compounds - Mixtures - Nitrogen - Organic acids - Polyvinyl alcohols - Soils - Storage (materials) - Sulfur compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Addition of polymer - Agricultural system - Anionic polyacrylamide - Composite polymer - Manganese sulfate - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Redundancy analysis (RDA) - Total nitrogen content
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.4 Storage - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.49e+01%, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 4.09e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20210409829096
Title:Design and experiment of seedling picking mechanism by stem clipping for tomato plug seedling
Title of translation:夹茎式番茄钵苗取苗机构设计与试验
Authors:Li, Hua (1, 2, 3); Ma, Xiaoxiao (2); Cao, Weibin (2, 3); Li, Shufeng (2, 3); Zhou, Wenjing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang; 524048, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:39-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Technology of seedling transplanting is widely used in the tomato planting in Xinjiang, Western China. In recent years, the demanding for the automatically transplanting machine increases rapidly, with the continuous expansion of planting scale. Nevertheless, most transplanting machines used in Xinjiang are semi-automatic transplanters, which still need the manual operation to complete seedling picking and dropping. Thus, it is very imperative to develop the automatic transplanter for the plug seedlings of tomato. As one of the key components in an automatic transplanter, the seedling picking device can pick plug seedlings and then drop them automatically with a preset movement trajectory. Since the stems of tomato plug seedlings have good mechanical properties in a suitable period, in this study, a novel seedling picking device in a stem clipping type was designed for the tomato plug seedlings, using the special mechanism of second-order elliptical planetary gear train and cam swinging rod. An automatic seedling picking test-bed was built for the tomato seedling picking experiment, which was carried out in the Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China. The picking mechanism in a stem clipping type showed a good effect on reducing the damage rate of plug seedling, while improving the efficiency of seedling picking. 1) The kinematic model of seedling picking mechanism was established by analyzing the transmission characteristics of second-order elliptic gear, meanwhile, the actual contour curve of cam was also explored. A specific optimization objective of mechanism parameters was proposed, according to the requirements of picking tomato seedling, and the structural characteristics of seedling picking mechanism. A human-computer interaction optimization software was established on the MATLAB software to optimize the structure parameters for the stem clipping type in a seedling picking device. 2) A dataset on the optimal combination of mechanism parameters was obtained by the human-computer interaction analysis, indicating to satisfy the requirements of oblique clamping and straight pulling operation, when the seedling picking mechanism working. The virtual prototype of seedling picking mechanism in a stem clipping type was designed on the SOLIDWPORKS software, and then the physical prototype of mechanism was developed, according to the optimized structural parameters. 3) The virtual simulation of device and high-speed photography experiment were carried out, in order to verify the accuracy of the optimized structural parameters. The results showed that the relative trajectories at the endpoint of seedling clip captured from a high-speed camera were basically consistent with the theoretical trajectories and virtual prototype simulation. According to the picking experiment of tomato plug seedling, the success rate of seedling picking reached 92%, when the seedling frequency was set as 80 plants/min, while, the damage rate of seedling was only 2.9%, and the success rate of dropping seedlings attained to 94.2%. The test results showed that the seedling picking mechanism was stable and reliable when working, indicating that the mechanism can perfectly meet the agronomic requirements of mechanical seedlings picking for tomato plug seedlings. The findings can provide an important reference and technical support for the development of automatically picking mechanism in plug seedling.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Mechanisms
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Epicyclic gears - Fruits - High speed cameras - High speed photography - Human computer interaction - Kinematics - MATLAB - Seed - Software prototyping - Trajectories - Virtual prototyping
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Agriculture and rural - Seedling transplanting - Structural characteristics - Theoretical trajectory - Transmission characteristics - Transplanting machine - Virtual prototype simulation
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 601.3 Mechanisms - 723.1 Computer Programming - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.1 Photography - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.90e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20210409829146
Title:Effects of stover mulching combined with N application on N use efficiency and yield of summer maize in Hetao Irrigated District
Title of translation:秸秆覆盖方式和施氮量对河套灌区夏玉米氮利用及产量影响
Authors:Zhang, Wanfeng (1); Yang, Shuqing (1); Liu, Peng (1); Lou, Shuai (1); Sun, Duoqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Shuqing(nmndysq@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:71-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore the dynamic response of nitrogen transport of summer maize and distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen to different straw mulching methods and nitrogen application, the orthogonal field experiments were carried out in Hetao Irrigation District in 2017 and 2018. Two different straw mulching methods were set up including the straw surface covering treatment B and the straw deep burial treatment S. Four different nitrogen application rates were designed including no nitrogen application rate(N0), low nitrogen application rate treatment (N1), medium nitrogen application rate treatment (N2) and high nitrogen application rate treatment (N3). The traditional farming mode was used as contrast (CK) treatment. The results showed that in the soil layer between 0 and 100 cm, the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen increased with the increase of N application rate in each treatment. The B treatments significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer, and the straw deep burial treatments significantly increased nitrate nitrogen content in 20-40 cm soil layer (P<0.05). With the increase of the soil depth, the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen increased first and then decreased by treatments S, while the accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen decreased first and then increased by the straw surface covering treatments. No significant difference in soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation and loss was found between the straw surface covering treatments and CK treatment, but the straw deep burial treatments significantly reduced nitrate nitrogen accumulation and loss. In the soil layer of 0-100 cm, compared with summer maize jointing stage, the cumulative loss of nitrate nitrogen of SN2 treatment at the mature stage of summer maize was 39.6% lower on average than that in CK, which reduced the NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N migration to deep soil and reduced the risk of groundwater pollution. Significant difference in nitrogen accumulation was found among different organs of summer maize. The interaction effects of straw mulching and N application rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization, transport and distribution and summer maize yield were significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01), respectively. The straw mulching increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency, and the contribution rate of nitrogen transfer of summer maize to grain yield. And straw deep burial effect was better than the other treatments. Compared with the straw surface covering treatment and CK, the straw deep burial treatment significantly improved the N absorption and utilization and summer maize yield. The SN2 treatment showed the best effect. No significant difference in N absorption and utilization and summer maize yield was found between the straw surface covering treatments and CK. Compared with CK, the SN2 treatment improved the N utilization efficiency by 28.5%, the contribution rate of nitrogen transfer in summer maize to grain yield increased by 32.1%, and increased the yield by 9.3% on average during the two years. Based on the comprehensive analysis, the effect of straw deep burial treatments combined with medium nitrogen application rate was best, which can achieve the goal of increasing summer maize yield and reduce the risk of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching in Hetao Irrigated District. The research provides a technical support for straw resource utilization, alleviating agricultural non-point source pollution, optimizing tillage and fertilization patterns in Hetao Irrigated District.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Risk assessment - Soil surveys - Soils - Surface treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Comprehensive analysis - Hetao irrigation districts - Nitrogen accumulation - Nitrogen application rates - Nitrogen utilization efficiencies - Resource utilizations - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.85e+01%, Percentage 3.21e+01%, Percentage 3.96e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.21.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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