2020年10月第36卷第19期

2020年10月第36卷第19期

Accession number:20205309705641
Title:Effect of myriophyllum elatinoides wetland on nitrogen removal from swine wastewater under different pollution loads
Title of translation:绿狐尾藻湿地对养殖废水中不同污染负荷氮去除效应
Authors:Zhu, Huixiang (1, 2); Zhang, Shunan (1); Peng, Yingxiang (3); Liu, Feng (1); Xiao, Runlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environment Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Hunan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Pollution Monitoring for Environmental Protection, Changsha; 410014, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shunan(zhang-shu-nan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:217-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pollutions caused by livestock industry have posed substantial concerns on ecological environment. The random discharge of swine wastewater has resulted in excessive nutrients transport to rivers and lakes, in turn inducing eutrophication of surface water. Given that China is one of the largest pork producers in world, the treatment of swine wastewater is becoming a very urgent issue. In this study, 9 pilot-scale surface flow constructed wetlands vegetated with M. elatinoides were constructed to treat swine wastewater, in order to investigate nitrogen removal effect and influence factors of myriophyllum elatinoides wetlands. The pilot-scale M. elatinoides wetlands were exposed to swine wastewater under three strengths: low loading rates (swine wastewater diluted with fresh water at a 1: 2 ratio), medium (swine wastewater diluted with fresh water at a 2: 1 ratio), and high (pristine swine wastewater without dilution). The M. elatinoides wetlands were operated using an intermittent flow regime with a total volume of 180 L/d, and the theoretical hydraulic retention time was 33 d in the surface flow constructed wetlands. Water samples (inflow and outflow) were collected once a month from July 2014 to May 2015 for measuring ammonium nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf>+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf>--N), total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand, and concurrently the water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen were determined in the field. Monthly sediment samples were collected to determine NH<inf>4</inf>+-N, NO<inf>3</inf>--N, TN, and dissolved organic carbon. The linear mixed-effect model was used to explore the key factors affecting NH4+-N removal in the M. elatinoides wetlands. The results showed that during the whole test period (July 2014 -May 2015), the removal rates of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N and TN in low, medium, and high load wastewater were relatively high, where the removal rates of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N and TN were 85.0%-98.7% and 83.6%-97.1%, respectively. Nitrogen removal was different under different pollution loads, whereas, the removal rates of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N and TN decreased with the increase of pollution loads. The results of linear mixed model analysis showed that the key environmental factors affecting NH<inf>4</inf>+-N removal in the wetland were the dissolved oxygen and NO<inf>3</inf>--N in wastewater, and the content of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N in sediment, where the dissolved oxygen in wastewater presented the greatest impact on NH<inf>4</inf>+-N removal in the wetland. In every unit increased in the concentration of dissolved oxygen, the effluent concentration of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N decreased by 1.33% on average. With the accumulation of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N in sediment, the effluent NH<inf>4</inf>+-N concentrations increased significantly (P<0.001). As the dissolved oxygen in wastewater decreased as the pollution loads increased, the sediment NH<inf>4</inf>+-N increased as well, indicating that the variation in nitrogen removal of different pollution loads in the M. elatinoides wetlands. The removal rates of NH<inf>4</inf>+-N and TN in wetlands under different pollution loads were above 80.0%, although gradually decreased with the increase of pollution loads. Therefore, the M. elatinoides can be used as an ammonia-tolerant plant to treat high-load swine wastewater. The finding can provide a promising potential application of M. elatinoides wetlands in large-scale farms. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Biochemical oxygen demand
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Dissolution - Dissolved oxygen - Effluents - Eutrophication - Lake pollution - Nitrogen removal - Organic carbon - River pollution - Sediments - Surface waters - Wastewater treatment - Water - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Concentration of dissolved oxygen - Dissolved organic carbon - Ecological environments - Effluent concentrations - Environmental factors - Hydraulic retention time - Linear mixed model analysis - Surface flow constructed wetlands
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.33e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.36e+01% to 9.71e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01% to 9.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705579
Title:Effects of water and fertilizer coupling on the yield and quality of processing tomato under aerated drip irrigation
Title of translation:水肥耦合对加气滴灌加工番茄产量及品质的影响
Authors:Wang, Zhenhua (1, 2); Chen, Xiaojie (1, 2); Lyu, Desheng (1); Li, Wenhao (1, 2); Wang, Tianyu (1, 2); Wei, Chilin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:66-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Optimizing water and fertilization management is a critical component for maximizing crop production and water-fertilizer use efficiency. Aerated irrigation is widely recognized to improve soil aeration and water productivity. However, information about crop yield and quality of processing tomato responds to water-nitrogen-gas coupling remains unclear. To explore the effects of water and fertilizer coupling under aerated irrigation on yield, quality, and water-fertilizer use efficiency of processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and to determine the optimal water-nitrogen rate for improving quality under aerated irrigation, a field experiment was conducted in 2019 at the Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps at Shihezi University in Xinjiang, China. Two irrigation levels (4 950 and 4 050 m3/hm2), four nitrogen levels (280, 250, 220, and 190 kg/hm2), and two aerated rates (15% and 0) were tested using a completely randomized design. A local processing tomato cultivar, Jinfan 3166, was selected transplanted on May 5th manually and harvested on August 24th. Subsurface drip irrigation was adopted in this study. Air was injected into a drip line using Mazzei air injector (Mazzei air injector 1078, American), and the aerated rate was approximately 15%. Plant height, stem diameter, yield, water-use efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, and fruit quality parameter of processing tomato were determined. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen fertilization significantly affected plant height and stem diameter of processing tomato (P<0.05). The plant height of processing tomato was greater as the irrigation and nitrogen level increased. However, excessive irrigation and fertilization had a major negative impact on stem diameter. Furthermore, Aerated irrigation enhanced plant height and stem diameter more under higher irrigation levels. Processing tomato yield was greater at a high irrigation level by 2.18% to 16.95% than that in the low irrigation level. Under the same irrigation amount, processing tomato yield increased firstly and then decreased relative to nitrogen levels. Compared to no aerated irrigation, aerated irrigation significantly increased processing tomato yield by 2.32% to 10.02% (P<0.05). Compared to low irrigation amount, more irrigation amount significantly decreased irrigation water-use efficiency by 4.31% to 16.40% (P<0.05), but increased nitrogen partial factor productivity by 2.18% to 16.95% (P<0.05). Under the same irrigation amount, irrigation water-use efficiency first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen levels, and nitrogen partial factor productivity showed a negative correlation with the nitrogen amount. Aerated irrigation enhanced irrigation water-use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity by an average of 6.12% and 6.19%, respectively, comparing to no aerated irrigation. Water-nitrogen-gas coupling had a stronger effect on the quality index of the processing tomato. Compared to low irrigation level, the average soluble sugar, organic acid, Vitamin C, and the soluble solid content was 5.84%, 4.85%, 2.50%, and 3.34% smaller in high irrigation amount. And soluble sugar, Vitamin C, and soluble solid content increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application. Aerated irrigation increased soluble sugar, organic acid, Vitamin C, and soluble solid content of processing tomato significantly (P<0.05). Meanwhile, compared to no-aerated irrigation, the ratio of sugar to acid was significantly lower by 1.17% in aerated irrigation (P<0.05). The principal component analysis was applied to evaluate and compare the water and nitrogen fertilization management technology with the fruit quality parameter of processing tomato. Two components were extracted from the quality index matrix which the accumulative contribution rate was 87.043%. Based on the principal component analysis, the comprehensive rankings revealed the suitable irrigation amount was 4 050 m3/hm2 and the suitable nitrogen amount was 250 kg/hm2 under aerated irrigation conditions, which ranked first. Under this pattern, the irrigation water-use efficiency was 46.85 kg/m3, which was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). These results could provide theoretical support for improving water-fertilizer use efficiency of processing tomato in Xinjiang. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Water aeration
Controlled terms:Ascorbic acid - Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Fruits - Grain (agricultural product) - Nitrogen fertilizers - Productivity - Quality control - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulative contribution rates - Completely randomized designs - Irrigation water use efficiency - Management technologies - Nitrogen fertilization - Partial factor productivity - Subsurface drip irrigation - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 4.69e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.17e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+00% to 1.69e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 3.34e+00%, Percentage 4.85e+00%, Percentage 5.84e+00%, Percentage 6.12e+00%, Percentage 6.19e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705555
Title:Process optimization of high temperature and short time hot air treatment to promote the callus formation of sweet potatoes
Title of translation:高温短时热空气处理促进甘薯愈伤的工艺优化
Authors:Liu, Bangdi (1, 3); Lyu, Xiaolong (1, 2, 3); Wang, Caixia (2, 3); Sun, Jie (1, 3); Jiang, Weibo (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625014, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100121, China; (4) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Jie(sunjie9797@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:313-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hot air treatment is currently the main pretreatment method to promote postharvest callus healing of sweet potatoes. To improve the existing problem, such as high energy consumption, low efficiency, instability, in sweet potato callus formation technology. The purpose of this study was to find the optimal conditions of High Temperature Short Time (HTST) hot air treatment which could promote postharvest sweet potato callus formation. The lignin content, soluble solid content, weight loss rate, and decay rate of sweet potato were selected as the key indices in this study. The indices of sweet potatoes were measured after 15 d of (25±5)℃ storage. Single-factor and response surface methods were used to optimize the callus formation conditions of sweet potato within hot air treatment. In the single-factor experiment, the temperature and time of treatment were used as variables. The HTST hot air treatment temperature range was set as 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 and 65℃, and the treatment time range was set as 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min. By Design-Expert 8.0 software, a central combination of two factors and three levels was used to design the central composite design for sweet potato hot air treatment. The quadratic multivariate regression equations of lignin, soluble solids, weight loss rate, and decay rate were obtained. The results of variance analysis of lignin content, soluble solid content, weight loss rate, and decay rate of sweet potato after hot air treatment showed that the four equations of hot air treatment had high significance, good fitting degree, and small test error. Hence, this model could be used to predict the data of sweet potato after callus formation. The results of the single-factor experiment showed that the soluble solids and starch content of sweet potato after callus formation could be maximized maintained when the treatment time reached 150 min. And the decay rate and weight loss rate after storage could be maximized reduced. At the same time, When the hot air treatment temperature reached 50℃, the soluble solid content and starch content of sweet potato after shelf-life storage was significantly higher than that of other treatment temperatures. Meanwhile, the weight loss rate and the decay rate were the lowest in all treatment groups. Within the single-factor experimental results, the two-factor and three-level center combination design of the treatment temperature and treatment time was performed for quadratic multiple regression fitting. The quadratic multinomial regression equations of lignin content, soluble solid content, decay rate, and weight loss rate were obtained. At the same time, the model was tested and the four equations were found to have high significance and a good degree of the fitting. The model was used to predict the four parameters of sweet potato callus formation and analyze the response surface. The results showed that the callus formation effect of sweet potato in shelf-life storage was more influenced by hot air treatment temperature than treatment time. On the other hand, the optimal conditions for promoting the callus formation of sweet potato were 49℃ and 137 min, which could effectively promote the lignin synthesis, weight loss rate, and decay rate of sweet potato callus. Compared with the control, the content of starch was higher by 76.30%, soluble solid content was higher by 32.08% and ascorbic acid content was higher by 81.19% in sweet potato after shelf storage, which was all significantly increased by hot air treatment. Moreover, the weight loss rate and decay rate of sweet potato after storage were reduced by 22.14% and 79.95%, respectively. All the five indices provided the 49℃ and 137 min was an optimized post-partum callus process for sweet potato production. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Ascorbic acid - Decay (organic) - Digital storage - Energy utilization - Lignin - Optimization - Regression analysis - Starch - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Central composite designs - High energy consumption - High temperature and short time - Multivariate regression - Response surface method - Single-factor experiments - Soluble solid content - Treatment temperature
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 694.4 Storage - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.21e+01%, Percentage 3.21e+01%, Percentage 7.63e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.12e+01%, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 8.22e+03s, Time 9.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705603
Title:Soil anti-erodibility at different growth stages of maize in hilly yellow soil areas
Title of translation:山地黄壤区玉米不同生育期土壤抗蚀性特征
Authors:Ma, Rui (1); Zheng, Zicheng (1); Wang, Shuang (1); Yang, Hailong (2); Li, Tingxuan (1); Yang, Shuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu; 611130, China; (2) Agricultral and Rural Bureau of Meishan, Meishan; 620010, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zicheng(zichengzheng@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:107-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mountainous yellow soil area is one of the most important agricultural production base in Sichuan province of southwestern China, as well as a serious soil erosion area. Since the slope farmland is the main cultivated land resource of hilly yellow soil area, the severe soil erosion has caused tremendous degradation in the slope farmland, and consequently posed negative effects in regional agricultural production and sustainable utilization of soil resource. Maize (Zea mays L.) is the dominant crop in this area, but the whole growth stages of maize overlap with the erosive period of regional rainfall on temporal scales. Thus, the soil erosion has inevitable impacts on the growth of maize in slope farmland. In this study, taking a slope farmland in hilly yellow soil areas as the object, the field experiments and lab analysis were combined to clarify the characteristics of soil anti-erodibility at the different growth stages of maize. The wet-sieving and pipe methods were employed to measure the composition and stability of soil water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates, respectively. The model of soil anti-erodibility index (SAI) and the principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the soil anti-erodibility. 10 evaluation indices were selected, including the content of soil organic matter (SOM), the content of <0.05 mm slit clay, the content of <0.001 mm clay, the content of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregate, mean weight diameter (MWD), percentage of aggregate disruption (PAD), mean weight specific surface area (MWSSA), fractal dimension of micro-aggregate (FD), aggregation degree (AD), and dispersion coefficient (DC). The characteristics of soil anti-erodibility can be determined using the comprehensive index F of PCA, and the soil anti-erodibility index SAI. The results indicated that: (1) The soil water-stable aggregates and micro-aggregates both showed a similar trend that micro-aggregates transformed gradually into macro-aggregates with advancing growth stages of maize. The content of >0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, MWD, AD, and SOM increased significantly with the maize growing (P<0.05), and all of them increased by 1.77%-6.85%, 2.11%-7.53%, 2.72%-8.29%, 1.09%-7.81%, respectively, compared with the seedling stage. However, the PAD, MWSSA, FD and DC exhibited an order of, seedling stage > jointing stage > tasseling stage > maturing stage, and these indices decreased by 1.17%-15.85%, 3.68%-14.89%, 0.39%-1.43%, and 3.96%-18.75%, respectively, compared with the seedling stage; (2) The 10 evaluation indices can be optimized to 5 indices by PCA, including The 10 evaluation indices can be optimized to 4 indices by PCA, including SOM, SL, PAD and AD. The F and SAI showed a similar trend that both increased with the maize growing, and decreased as the soil depth increased. Therefore, the soil anti-erodibility at the different stages of maize growth displayed an order of, maturing stage > tasseling stage > jointing stage > seedling stage, and the resistance of the 0-10 cm soil layer was stronger than that of the 10-20 cm soil layer; (3) The leaf area index (LAI) and root mass density (RMD) of maize showed a similar trend that both increased, and then decreased with the maize growing, peaked at the tasseling stage. The soil anti-erodibility was significantly and positively correlated with the LAI and RMD, where the correlation coefficients were 0.732 and 0.842, respectively (P<0.01). This correlation indicated that the growth of maize can significantly affect the soil anti-erodibility. The plantation of maize played a vital role in enhancing soil anti-erodibility in the slope farmland of the hilly yellow soil area. Therefore, the suitable patterns of maize planting can significantly reinforce soil anti-erodibility in topsoil layer. The finding can offer an effective approach to prevent and control the loss of soil and water in the regional slope farmland. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Erosion - Farms - Finite difference method - Fractal dimension - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate disruptions - Agricultural productions - Correlation coefficient - Different growth stages - Dispersion coefficient - Soil water-stable aggregates - Sustainable utilization - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17e+00% to 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+00% to 6.85e+00%, Percentage 3.96e+00% to 1.88e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705566
Title:Identification of production-living-ecological space at Keshan County level in main grain producing areas in northern Songnen Plain, China
Title of translation:松嫩平原北部粮食主产区克山县三生空间识别
Authors:Sui, Hongjun (1); Song, Ge (1); Zhang, Hongmei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Land Resources Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ge(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:264-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Production-living -ecological space refer to the general name of space divided according to the main functions of land use, which are the basic paradigm of macro-scale understanding of land. It is of great significance to promote the healthy and sustainable development of land space in grain main production area and to ensure national food security for accurate identification of production space, living space and ecological space in grain main production area. Therefore, Keshan County, a typical grain main production area in the northern Songnen Plain, China, was taken as the research area in this study. Based on the vector data of the land use change survey in 2015 and the land type map spot area in Keshan County, the analysis of basic area units in this study were calculated and a fine-grained geographical grid was established. Referring to the existing research results, the types of production, living and ecological land were divided in turn from the perspectives of industrial attributes, social attributes and management attributes of land use, and an evaluation index system of production, living and ecological land in the research area was constructed according to the strong and weak differences of land use versatility, which combines classification and functional differences. Using the method of coupling coordination degree and Inverse Distance Weight (IDW) interpolation, the coordination among production, living and ecological functions in each analysis unit was quantitatively calculated. Based on the coordination degree of functions, the production, living and ecological space in the research area were accurately identified under fine-grained grid, revealing the spatial pattern of the research area. The results showed that: 1) The production function value in the study area was relatively high and the distribution was relatively balanced without obvious spatial differentiation characteristics, but there were small areas with low production function value in the northern, central and central southern parts of the study area; The high-value areas of living function are mainly distributed in rural residential areas and towns in dots or lumps. At the same time, the living function and production function had obvious spatial consistency after removing the high-value areas. Ecological function, production function and living function showed significant spatial complementarity, and the spatial pattern of the three-living in the study area conformed to the basic characteristics of the main grain producing areas. 2) According to the level of coordinated development of the three-living function, the research area could be divided into three-living dysfunction area, running-in area and coordination area, and the proportion from large to small was three-living function running-in area, coordination area and imbalance area in turn; The running-in area was distributed throughout the study area, the coordination area was mainly concentrated in the central and eastern parts of the study area, and the imbalance area was distributed in the northern and central and southern parts of the study area in the form of lumps and strips. The coupling and coordination of the three-living functions in the study area was relatively good. 3) The research area could be identified and divided into six types of spaces, namely: production space, living space, ecological space, production-living space, production-ecological space, production-living-ecological space; Production-ecological spatial distributed throughout the study area, Production-living-ecological space mainly distributed in the central, eastern and western parts of the research area, while other functional areas scattered sporadically in the research area. The research area, as a whole, presented a land spatial pattern with production-living-ecological space and production-ecological space as the main body and accompanied sporadically by other functions. The research results can provide scientific basis for the delineation of "three areas and three lines" in major grain producing areas. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Economics - Food supply - Industrial research - Land use - Landforms
Uncontrolled terms:Basic characteristics - Coordination degree - Ecological functions - Evaluation index system - Inverse distance weight - Rural residential areas - Spatial consistency - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705647
Title:Effects of different cropping systems on food crop nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen pool in North China Plain
Title of translation:华北平原不同种植制度对粮食作物氮素利用和土壤氮库的影响
Authors:Ji, Yanzhi (1); Xu, Mingjie (4); Ju, Xiaotang (3); Dong, Xianxian (5); Zhang, Lijuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) Hongjie Di Soil and Environment Laboratory, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (3) College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (4) Qianan Jingan Dahua Testing Station, Qian'an; 064400, China; (5) Hebei Huaqing Environmental Technology Group Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang; 050011, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Lijuan(ljzh_2001@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:86-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water and fertilizer utilization efficiency are subject to the planting system. Winter wheat-summer maize double cropping is an important rotation system mainly practiced in the North China Plain, low fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency and excessive accumulation of soil nitrogen in the rotation system. A three-year field experiment was conducted from October 2010 to October 2013 in North China Plain. To explore the suitable planting system for efficient utilization of nitrogen in north China plain, the 15N tracer technology was used as a quantitative method to study the crop yield, 15N utilization rate, nitrogen destination and soil nitrogen pool apparent equilibrium under the three planting system of double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional and optimized water and nitrogen management, three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize rotation or winter wheat-summer soybean-spring maize rotation, and one crop per year of spring maize. The results showed that the yield of three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize was 32 248.52 kg/hm2, which was 22.16% and 52.88% higher than that of two crops and one crop in one year. The utilization rate of 15N was 33.36%, which was 26.12% higher than that of one harvest a year. The contribution rate and transference of nitrogen in a two-year triple cropping system was greater than double cropping, the amount of nitrogen transfer of four crops was showed that soil nitrogen higher than that of fertilizer nitrogen. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the three cropping systems was soil residue, followed by crop absorption and loss, the ratio of crop absorption, soil residue and loss in double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was about 2: 6: 2, the ratio in a crop per year of spring maize treatment was 3: 6: 1, and the ratio in others treatments was about 3: 5: 2. The maximum amount of nitrogen absorption of winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize was 151.82 kg/hm2, which was significantly higher than the other two planting systems. Soil nitrogen residue in double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was 348.44 kg/hm2. It was the highest level in all of the systems. The 15N abundance of double-crop rotation system appeared the maximum peak at 0-60 cm, the nitrate nitrogen content was 71.96 mg/kg, and the 15N abundance of other cropping systems was small from top to bottom; the apparent surplus of soil nitrogen pool of double cropping a year of winter wheat-summer maize with traditional water and nitrogen treatment was 252.61 kg/hm2, and the apparent surplus of soil nitrogen pool of wheat-summer maize-spring maize rotation system was the lowest, only 21.22 kg /hm2. The yield of spring maize as a succeeding crop was 4 855.74-6 962.42kg/hm2 higher than that in summer maize after a rotation period. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis showed the three cropping systems in two years of winter wheat-summer maize and spring maize had the potential of sustainability in the stable yield and high yield, and the improvement of nitrogen utilization rate, which would be an ideal planting system for the north China plain in the future. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Crops - Efficiency - Lakes - Nitrogen removal - Rotation - Soils - Trace analysis - Water absorption - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive analysis - Crop rotation system - Nitrogen absorption - Nitrogen management - Nitrogen utilization - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Quantitative method - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+01%, Percentage 3.34e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705625
Title:Experiments and analysis on seeding performance of seed feeding device of rapeseed centralized metering device under lateral tilt
Title of translation:油菜集排器供种装置侧向倾斜排种性能试验与分析
Authors:Wang, Lei (1, 2); Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Liu, Hai (1, 2); Wang, Baoshan (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems that the surface unevenness leads to the tilt of the seed feeding device of centralized metering device in rapeseed mechanized seeding, which causes insufficient seeding stability, the seed feeding device of centralized metering device was taken as the research object, the working process of the seed feeding device was analysied and the mechanical models between rapeseed and the type hole of the seed feeding device were built at different lateral tilt angle during the seed filling, seed carrying and seed dropping process. The effects of lateral tilt angle perpendicular to work direction and rotating speed of seed feeding device on seeds quantity in type hole and seeds migration trajectory during seeding process were analyzed by EDEM simulation. The simulation results showed that with the increase of the tilt angle within 0°-5°, the average increase of seed quantity in type hole of the tilt side relative to the no tilt increased within 0-36.55%, and the average decrease of seed quantity in type hole on the other side relative to the no tilt decreased within 0-26.68% during seed filling and seed carrying process. The ratio ranged from 1.02 to 2.70 between the highest seed quantity of type hole 1 and the lowest seed quantity of type hole 4. During the process of seed dropping, when the rotating speed of seed feeding device was fixed, with the increase of lateral tilt angle ranged from 0° to 5°, relative to the no tilt state, the average seed quantity increase of seed dropping port I was 0-86.82% and the average seed quantity decrease of seed dropping port II was 0-75.65%, respectively As the rotating speed of the seed feeding device was 20 r/min and 40 r/min, the ratio of seed quantity of seed dropping port I to that of seed dropping port II was 14.4 and 5.29, respectively. The intelligent test platform of planting machines was used to test the effects of different lateral tilt and swing on seeding performance of the seed feeding device. The experimental results indicated that the average error of seed quantity between the bench test and simulation test was 3.86%, which showed that the simulation results were reasonable and credible. With the increase of the absolute value of the lateral tilt angle, the increase of the total seeding rate was 0.76%-8.72% compared with the total seeding rate without tilt. With the increase of the absolute value of the lateral swing angle, the change of the seeding rate of the seed dropping port I and II was 0-55.61% compared with the no tilt state, and the increase of the total seeding rate was 0.65%-4.23%. With the increase of lateral reciprocating swing, the increase of total seeding rate was 1.12%-9.02% compared with that of no tilt state. The test results showed that lateral tilt, lateral swing and lateral reciprocating swing had significant influence on seeding stability. The effects of lateral tilt and swing on seeding performance could be reduced by increasing the rotating speed of the seed feeding device. The results can provide reference for promoting the structure improvement and performance improvement of the seed feeding device. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Feeding
Controlled terms:Oilseeds - Rotating machinery - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute values - Intelligent test - Mechanical model - Metering devices - Seeding performance - Seeding process - Simulation tests - Structure improvement
Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 5.56e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 7.57e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 8.68e+01%, Percentage 1.12e+00% to 9.02e+00%, Percentage 3.86e+00%, Percentage 6.50e-01% to 4.23e+00%, Percentage 7.60e-01% to 8.72e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.00e+01RPM, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 2.67e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 3.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705552
Title:Effects of extrusion stabilization on protein structure and functional properties of rice bran components
Title of translation:挤压稳定化处理对米糠各组分蛋白结构及功能性质的影响
Authors:Duan, Qingsong (1); Duan, Yumin (2); Xiao, Zhigang (1, 3); Wang, Kexin (3); Li, Hang (3); Wang, Na (1); Wang, Yifan (3); Gao, Yuzhe (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110886, China; (2) Preschool and Elementary Education College, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang; 110034, China; (3) Department of Grain, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang; 110034, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Yuzhe(gaoyuzhe_66@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice bran is the main by-product of the rice milling process with high protein content. Although there is a large amount of rice bran in China, most of it is used to raise animals. Therefore, for the economic benefits of the rice processing industry, it is inevitable to fully develop the added value of rice bran. Longjing No.31 rice bran was chosen as the protein source in order to study the effect of extrusion stabilization treatment on the protein structure and functional properties of each component of rice bran,, and effects of rice bran extrusion stabilization using twin-screw extruder on structural and functional properties of rice bran protein fractions were also investigated. The results showed that the solubility, foamability and oil-holding capacity of each component protein of rice bran were significantly reduced after extrusion treatment (P<0.05), this is because insoluble aggregates are formed after high temperature, high pressure and high shear. The water-holding capacity, foaming stability and emulsion stability were increased, among which the water holding capacity of gluten increased the most, 39% higher than that before extrusion. After extrusion, the structure of gluten changed, forming more random coil structures, and the unfolded protein molecules interacted with each other to form a more stable network structure, thereby increasing the foaming stability of gluten. As well as, its emulsifying activity was significantly different from that of other protein fractions. On the other hand, the albumin and globulin contents decreased by about 5% and 10%, while gluten increased by about 8% after extrusion, respectively. The emulsifying ability of rice bran protein was related to factors such as solubility, and the thermal denaturation caused by stabilization reduced the emulsifying ability of each component of rice bran. Structural analysis indicated that changes in protein fractions after extrusion mainly attributed to a recombination among them, which indicated by differences in the secondary structure. The α-helix, β-turn, and random coil contents of the albumin decreased significantly after extrusion, while the content of β-sheet folding increased significantly. Moreover, the rice bran gluten showed a different trend from that of albumin, and the secondary structure of gluten changed significantly in the amide I zone, the content of α-helix, β-turn and random coil increased, and the content of β-sheet decreased. After high temperature and high pressure treatment, the hydrogen bond of the protein was broken, so the protein was partially denatured and its structure was also changed. The results can help in understanding changes occur in structural and functional properties of rice bran protein fractions during extrusion to promote the utilization of rice bran protein in the food industry. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Extrusion
Controlled terms:Amides - Emulsification - Hydrogen bonds - Milling (machining) - Oils and fats - Proteins - Solubility - Stabilization - Structural properties
Uncontrolled terms:After high temperature - Functional properties - Insoluble aggregates - Oil holding capacities - Random-coil structures - Stabilization treatments - Thermal denaturations - Water holding capacity
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 604.2 Machining Operations - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705586
Title:Influence of different boll shell physical parameters on mechanical properties of machine-harvested cottons
Title of translation:不同铃壳物理参数对机采棉采摘力学特性的影响
Authors:Zhang, Longchang (1, 2); Zhang, Hongwen (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Fu, Xiuqing (3); Chen, Tingguan (1, 2); Wang, Jun (1, 2); Gu, Yanqing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hongwen(zhw_mac@shzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:30-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical harvesting technology of cotton has been increasing in modern agriculture in China, particularly for cotton serving as an important strategic reserve material. In mechanized harvesting of cotton, mechanical properties of machine-harvested cottons have become the key factors to cotton harvesting, even to the design of harvesting machinery. The machine-harvested cotton can fall off early in a bad weather after maturity, due mainly to the physical parameters of boll shell, resulting in the loss of pre-harvest cotton. Sometimes the cotton cannot be completely harvested, but the cotton can be knocked off when mechanized harvesting, resulting in the losses during harvest. The physical parameters of boll shell can be closely related to the mechanical effect of working parts, when the cotton is mechanically harvested, with emphasis on the separation force between the boll shell and cotton. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the effect of physical parameters of boll shell on mechanical properties of machine-harvested cotton, particularly when designing cotton harvesting machinery. In this study, 3 kinds of representative machine-harvested cottons were selected as the research objects, including Xinluzao 45, Xinluzao 66, and Xinluzao 83, collected from the Shihezi area of Xinjiang, China. A laboratory tensile separation test was used to assess the mass fraction of boll shell, carpel angle, and lock angle for the 3 kinds of machine-harvested cottons under the same growth conditions. The experimental results showed that the separation force between cotton and boll shell were 0.155-0.980 N, 0.275-0.967 N, 0.258-0.667 N, for the Xinluzao 45, 66, and 83 machine-harvested cottons, respectively. Three stage can be divided for the machine-harvested cottons, including the elastic-like stage, yield-like stage, and separation stage, in the laboratory tensile separation tests. In the yield-like stage, the tensile separation curve of cotton showed the zigzag fluctuation with the multiple peaks. It inferred that there were concurrently elastic and plastic deformation of cotton fiber with the dominance of plastic deformation. The internal interlaced and intertwined fiber of cotton tissue can produce local dislocation, when the external load of cotton flower reached a critical value. The mass fraction of boll shell, carpel angle, and lock angle in the machine-harvested cottons have a significant effect on the separation force of cotton from boll shell (P<0.01). A power function relationship can be found between the separation force of cotton boll shells and the carpel angle, as well as the mass fraction of boll shell (P<0.001). The separation force of cotton and boll shell gradually decreased, with the increase in carpel angle and mass fraction of boll shell. There was a significantly negative correlation between the lock angle and the separation force, indicating that the separation force of cotton and boll shell gradually decreased with the increase of lock angle. A recommendation was made that a relatively small weight ratio of shell and a uniform locking angle can be selected, when breeding cotton crops for machine harvesting. The cotton can be timely harvested after maturity, in order to avoid the losses before harvest, when choosing the harvesting time. The finding can provide a sound theoretical and practical guidance for the cultivation of new harvesting cotton, as well as for the design and optimization for the harvesting machinery of cotton. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Harvesters - Harvesting - Locks (fasteners) - Machine design - Mechanical properties - Plastic deformation - Separation - Shells (structures)
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Elastic and plastic deformation - Mechanical effects - Mechanized harvesting - Modern agricultures - Negative correlation - Physical parameters - Practical guidance
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.55e-01N to 9.80e-01N, Force 2.58e-01N to 6.67e-01N, Force 2.75e-01N to 9.67e-01N
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705643
Title:Rural multifunctional evolution and rural settlements transformation
Title of translation:论乡村多功能演化与乡村聚落转型
Authors:Zhou, Guohua (1, 2); Dai, Liuyan (1, 2); He, Yanhua (1, 2); Tan, Xuelan (3); He, Lan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha; 410081, China; (2) Hunan Key Laboratory of Geographic Big Data Mining and Application, Changsha; 410081, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:242-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Multi-purpose land use has been a new concept to explore the sustainable development of diversification and multifunction in rural areas. It is necessary to make tradeoff decisions on agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in the rural modernization. The change of rural settlements can also provide a sound support to the multifunctional rural land management. Multifunctional transition and transformation of settlements pattern have become the inevitable requirements of regional development, particularly on their internal correlation and interaction. Most previous studies individually focused on the rural multifunction and settlements, but a systematic investigation on the general law and internal mechanism is still relatively lacking. In this study, the current state was summarized for the multifunctional transition and transformation of rural settlements from the time scale, and clarified their interaction mechanism, according to rural multifunction theory. The results show that: 1) The multifunctional transition in rural areas can be the process of continuous differentiation, and re-integration of rural production, life, and ecology functions. Driven by urbanization, industrialization, and marketization in modern agriculture, the multifunctional transition in rural China has experienced four stages, including low level of weak function, function differentiation and development, function conflict, and high-level multifunctional collaborative development; 2) The transformation of rural settlements showed an excellent development process from disorder to order. Driven by internal and external factors, such as physical geography, social needs, policies, and institutions, the rural settlement presented five patterns, namely, the shrinkage of overall scale, the aggregation and contraction of settlement layout, the hierarchy and networking of rural settlements system, the protection and utilization of rural settlements culture, and the diversification and functional mix of rural settlements landscape; 3) A two-way coupling effect can be found between the multifunctional transition and the transformation of rural settlements, jointly impelling the development of rural regional system. The transformation of rural settlements can provide a necessary support for rural function implantation, adjustment, and improvement, further to promote the multifunctional transition in rural areas. The multifunctional transition can facilitate the transformation of rural settlements by driving the main body intervention; 4) A recommendation can be that the optimization direction of rural settlements can be fully suitable for the development trend and stage characteristics of multifunctional rural transformation. A "smart contraction" of rural settlement has become urgent to optimize the internal spatial structure of rural settlements, in order to improve the rural settlements system and service facilities, while strengthen the protection and inheritance of native culture. A new way can be explored to remold a native landscape by integrating modernization and localization, further to establish a planning system of the rural settlement, for the multifunctional and high-level sustainable development of rural areas; 5) Against the background of rural revitalization strategy, it can be the key direction of future research to explore the optimization path and development mode of rural settlements under the function synergy guidance, based on the multifunctional value of rural areas. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Biodiversity - Conservation - Environmental protection - Land use - Planning - Regional planning - Stages - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Biodiversity conservation - Collaborative development - Function differentiation - Interaction mechanisms - Internal and external factors - Protection and utilizations - Two-way coupling effects
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705632
Title:Digital mapping of soil salinization in arid area wetland based on variable optimized selection and machine learning
Title of translation:基于变量优选与机器学习的干旱区湿地土壤盐渍化数字制图
Authors:Ma, Guolin (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Han, Lijing (1, 2); Zhang, Zipeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Common University Key Lab of Smart City and Environment Stimulation, College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Under Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:124-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a global problem, soil salinization poses a serious threat to the limited soil resources and ecosystem health in arid and semi-arid areas, and is one of the most important causes of land desertification and land degradation. Soil salinity is an effective evaluation index of soil salinization, and there is temporal and spatial difference. Dynamic monitoring can fully understand the status of soil salinization and effectively provide more quantitative information for soil restoration and land reclamation. Compared with traditional laboratory analysis, satellite remote sensing technology has major advantages in observing the ground at large spatial scales and high temporal resolution. As a new generation of spaceborne multi-spectral instrument (MSI), Sentinel-2A has novel spectral functions (namely, three red-edge bands and two near-infrared bands), which provides a broad prospect for quantitative evaluation of soil properties. At present, only a few studies were associated with red edge spectral index, vegetation index and topographic index in soil salinization mapping, and it has become a great challenge to choose the best modeling technology in soil mapping for a specific landscape area, although many algorithm have been successfully applied in the prediction of soil properties. Therefore, in this study, we used Sentinel-2A red-edge bands, vegetation indexes and digital elevation model (DEM) derived variables to conduct soil salt analysis based on machine learning methods in the Ebinur Lake wetland in the northwestern Xinjiang of China. 24 red edge spectral indices, 11 vegetation indices and 8 topographic indices were selected to participate in the modeling by the XGBoost algorithm, and the Random Forest (RF), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) three machine learning models based on 78 sampling sites were applied to extract soil Electrical Conductivity (EC). The coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the above models. The results showed that the optimal red edge spectral index combined with RF could basically predict EC. The verification set R2, RMSE, and RPD were 0.63, 7.14 dS/m, and 2.09, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the combined modeling of the red edge spectral index and the vegetation index is better than that of the combination with the terrain index, and the prediction effect of the RF model was better than that of ELM and PLSR, and its training set (R2=0.83, RMSE=4.84 dS/m), validation set (R2=0.76, RMSE=5.36 dS/m, RPD=2.79). The prediction accuracy of the combined modeling of the red edge spectral index, vegetation index and terrain index combined with RF reached the best. The R2, RMSE and RPD of the verification set were 0.83, 4.81 dS/m and 3.11, respectively. In addition, with the continuous increase of input feature variables, the prediction effect of each model were improved to varying degrees. Soil salinization mapping based on the optimal variable combination (red edge spectral index + terrain index + vegetation index) and the best prediction model (RF), showed that the degree of soil salinization in the central and eastern regions was particularly serious in the study area. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Machine learning
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Decision trees - E-learning - Ecosystems - Forecasting - Forestry - Health risks - Infrared devices - Land reclamation - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Photomapping - Predictive analytics - Remote sensing - Soil surveys - Soils - Superconducting materials - Vegetation - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Coefficient of determination - Extreme learning machine - High temporal resolution - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Quantitative information - Satellite remote sensing - Soil electrical conductivity
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 708.3 Superconducting Materials - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705646
Title:Spatial distribution of soil salinity under different surface land cover types and micro-topography in the Yellow River Delta
Title of translation:黄河三角洲不同地表覆被类型和微地貌的土壤盐分空间分布
Authors:Wang, Ruiyan (1); Kong, Shenbin (1); Xu, Lu (1); Li, Yuhuan (1); Chen, Weihan (1); Zhao, Enlai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Agricultural and Rural Technology Extension Center of Weifang, Weifang; 261061, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:132-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Strong seawater immersion usually determines the formation of the Yellow River Delta and the land-making process of the Yellow River. The soil is generally rich in soluble salt, due to the groundwater is highly mineralized during the formation process. The salinization situation can deteriorate into full-scale ecological system in recent years. It is necessary to analyze the distribution characteristics of soil salinity in this area, further to clarify influence factors, such as surface cover types and landform features, in order to effectively control soil salinization, and prevent potential salinization as the chemical elements increased in soil. Taking the Yellow River Delta estuary as the research area, this study aims to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of total soil salt content and base ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, SO<inf>4</inf>2-, HCO<inf>3</inf>-, Cl-) using various geostatistical methods, such as the Kriging interpolation method. A single-factor analysis of variance was used to calculate the differences in soil salinity in the area under different surface cover types and micro-landform features. Geodetectors were also used to explore the interaction effect between the soil salinity and some parameters, including the land cover type, landform type, slope, landscape, and altitude in the area. The results show that the coefficient of variation of surface soil Mg2+ reached 1.0108, indicating a strong variability. The rest of base ions indicated a medium variability with a strong spatial correlation. There was a decrease from coastal to inland for both the total salt content and base ions. About 42.57% area was slightly saline soil, whereas, only 0.51% was moderately saline soil. The total salt content in soil was significantly different from the content of Na+ and Cl- among different surface cover types. The single-factor ANOVA results demonstrated that the content of Na+ and Cl- in the surface and deep soil reached 0.00, indicating a very significant difference, whereas, the total salt content of surface soil was 0.01, reaching a very significant difference, and the total salt content of deep soil was 0.028 to reach a significant difference. There were significant differences in the content of Na+ and Cl- between different types of micro-landscape. The results of single-factor analysis of variance for Na+ in the surface and deep soils were both 0.002, reaching a very significant difference, while the analysis of Cl- in the deep soil was 0.039, reaching a significant level of difference. The deep soils at different altitudes have significant differences in Na+. The altitude has the strongest explanatory power for total soil salinity and Na+, and the surface cover types have the strongest explanatory power for soil Cl-. The slope direction and altitude have the strongest effect. The interaction of soil salinity was the strongest, where the q value was between 0.545 and 0.708, followed by the surface cover type and slope aspect, where and the q value was between 0.521 and 0.613. Both types of interaction can be used to better explain the change characteristics of soil salt. Therefore, the characteristics of soil salinity can be served as an indicator for the types of surface cover and micro-topography, while these factors, including the altitude, slope direction, and types of surface cover, can also pose a strong impact on the soil salinization under the interaction. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Chemical elements - Factor analysis - Groundwater - Interpolation - Ions - Landforms - Multivariant analysis - Rivers - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Distribution characteristics - Ecological systems - Geostatistical method - Kriging interpolation methods - Spatial correlations - Spatial variations - Yellow River delta
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.26e+01%, Percentage 5.10e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705573
Title:Characteristics of soil aggregates and organic carbon in eroded gully in red soil region of Southern China
Title of translation:南方红壤丘陵区侵蚀沟道内土壤团聚体及有机碳特征
Authors:Zhang, Xiang (1); Li, Xiao (1); Lin, Jie (1); Qian, Zhou (2); Zeng, Guangruo (3); Cui, Linlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing; 210037, China; (2) Water and Soil Conservation Management Center of Nanjing, Nanjing; 210008, China; (3) Ji'an Forestry Research Institute of Jiangxi Province, Ji'an; 343000, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Jie(jielin@njfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:115-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to present the influence of water erosion on the soil structure and distribution of organic carbon in a special terrain. The samples were collected in a small watershed of Qingyuan Mountain, a typical hilly area of red soil in southern China. The nuclide 137Cs tracer technology was used to analyze the water and soil loss during the gully erosion in the small watershed. An attempt was also made on the influence of soil erosion on the stability of soil aggregates and the content of organic carbon in the gully erosion area. Three soil depths (0-10, >10-20, >20-30 cm) were set to identify soil aggregates, and the scouring features of soil aggregates and organic carbon. The whole soil samples were gathered at the depth of 0-20 cm by the soil auger in the diameter of 5 cm, where the interval of 5 cm from different soil layers was used to determine the content of soil nuclide. A gamma spectrometer was used to measure the 137Cs content, and further to calculate the area specific activity. A wet sieving was utilized to obtain the aggregates with four particle sizes (>2 mm, 2-0.25 mm, 0.25-0.053 mm and <0.053 mm). The approach of heating on a potassium acid water-bath was adopted to obtain the content of organic carbon in the aggregates. One-Way ANOVA, Duncan significance test and redundancy analysis operations were used to examine the correlation between content of soil aggregate organic carbon and physical and chemical properties. The results found that the top layer of gully erosion had the highest 137Cs content, even higher than the background value, indicating the sedimentary area, whereas, the upper slope and the lope toe were moderately eroded, while the slope mildly was eroded. The evolution of gully erosion area successively went through the absolute deposition, absolute erosion, relative deposition, absolute erosion in a top-down way along the slope, in which the vegetation and terrain were the dominant factors. The content of large aggregates in the sedimentary area was significantly higher than that in the eroded area, whereas, the eroded area had significantly higher content of microaggregates, whose components continued to increase as the erosion intensity strengthened. Moreover, the soil aggregates in the sedimentary area had a higher stability, whereas, the lowest stability occurred at the mostly eroded toe of slope. Compared with the upper and toe slope, the soil aggregates in the middle slope of erosion area showed higher values of macroaggreages content and mean weight diameter. The content of organic carbon in soil aggregates for all particle sizes was higher in the sedimentary area than that in the erosion area. There was also uniform distribution of organic carbon in soil aggregates in the erosion area. The content of organic carbon in the large aggregates was significantly higher than that in the microaggregates. The correlation analysis results showed that the organic carbon of only 2-0.25 mm aggregate contributed positively to aggregate stability (P<0.05), and the correlation coefficient was 0.75. It infers that the content of organic carbon in the microaggregates was positively correlated with the increase of erosion intensity. Compared with traditional slopes, the top of gully erosion area was a depositional site, but other slopes were erosional sites. The soil structure and related carbon components were mainly affected by the degree of soil erosion under the domination of terrain and vegetation. Therefore, the specific measures of water and soil conservation if appropriate can be taken in special terrains in red soil areas of southern China. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Chemical operations - Deposition - Erosion - Isotopes - Landforms - Organic carbon - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sedimentology - Slope stability - Soil conservation - Soil testing - Trace analysis - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Area-specific activity - Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - Mean weight diameter - Physical and chemical properties - Red soil region of southern chinas - Uniform distribution - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m to 2.50e-04m, Size 2.50e-04m to 5.30e-05m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705631
Title:Isolation, identification and functional gene analysis of chlorothalonil degrading bacteria
Title of translation:百菌清降解菌的分离鉴定及功能基因分析
Authors:Ren, Xiaojie (1, 2); He, Zhuangzhuang (1); Shan, Xin (1); Zhao, Yubin (3); Song, Yuanda (1); Zhao, Xinhe (1, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Kaolin Latridge International Research Center for Microbial Lipids, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Baolingbao Biology Co. Ltd., Dezhou; 253000, China; (3) Luzhou Bio-chem Technology Co. Ltd., Linyi; 276400, China; (4) Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing; 401123, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xinhe(zhaoxinhe@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:209-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chlorothalonil (2, 4, 5, 6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, TPN) was used as a broad-spectrum and non-systemic fungicide in China. However, this pesticide has been classified as a "probable human carcinogen" by the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (US EPA), due to its highly toxic to birds, fish, and aquatic invertebrates. Alternatively, bioremediation can be expected to degrade, even remove organic pollutants, with the promising application prospects. The diversity of in situ degrading bacteria in a polluted environment is critical to evaluate environmental toxicology, biodegradability, self-purification ability, and remediation potential of pollutants. In this study, an attempt was made to apply the biodegradation for the control of pollution. Firstly, the soil samples were collected from the long-term chlorothalonil-contaminated field. Fourteen chlorothalonil-degrading bacteria producing transparent halos were isolated using the plate culture and chlorothalonil-selective medium. Using the morphology and 16S rDNA homology, the bacteria were then classified to genus Pseudomonas sp., Achromobacter sp., Ochrobactrum sp., Ralstonia sp. and Lysobacter sp. Lysobacter sp. The RB-31 and RB-38 were newly discovered strains with chlorothalonil degradation ability. Two strains were determined into species level as Lysobacter daejeonensis. And their specific physiological properties were studied. Secondly, the genomic library of strain daejeonensis RB-38 was successfully constructed in the pUC19 vector using E. coil DH10B as the host strain, where about 10 000 clones were obtained from selective culture. A 3 494 bp of desired fragment was isolated from the library using the functional ability to degrade chlorothalonil. In the desired fragment, three open reading frames (ORFs) were tentatively identified by ORF findings and BLAST alignment on NCBI. Specifically, ORF3 encoded a hydrolytic dehalogenase chd. Through subcloning of this reading frame, it was proved that the degradation function of chlorothalonil was catalyzed by the enzyme encoded in this region chd, and no other regulation regions were required for its expression. Two ORFs upstream of chd gene showed that ORF1 encoded a transposase, whereas, ORF2 encoded on IstB-like ATP-binding protein. Two ORFs were flanked by 20 bp terminal inverted repeat sequences (IR). The complete sequence presented a perfect structural similarity to IS21 transposon family members that all contain transposase coding region, ATP-binding protein coding region, and flanked by inverted repeat sequences. A new member of this family was discovered and designated as IS-Olup. The chd gene was closely associated with the insertion sequence, to construct a catabolic transposon. Finally, the chd gene and the upstream IS-Olup fragment were cloned and identified from several genomic DNA of chlorothalonil-degrading bacteria using a PCR strategy. It infers that the sequence element of IS-Olup was the molecular basis for the horizontal transfer in the chd genes, leading that the gene exchange can occur among these degrading species. This study can enrich the chlorothalonil-degrading bacterial library, and to clone hydrolytic enzyme genes that played a key role in degrading from the genetic level. A dispersing mechanism of degrading gene was also proposed among different genus bacteria. This preliminarily clarified the functional gene and its distribution in degrading bacteria. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Biodegradation
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biodegradability - Bioremediation - Cloning - Environmental Protection Agency - Enzymes - Fungicides - Genes - Organic pollutants - Plants (botany) - Polymerase chain reaction
Uncontrolled terms:Aquatic invertebrates - Degradation functions - Environment protection agency - Environmental toxicology - Functional abilities - Physiological properties - Structural similarity - Terminal inverted repeat
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.8.1 Genetic Engineering - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705529
Title:Development of automatic control system for natural drying and heat pump drying of kelp cascade drying
Title of translation:海带自然晾晒与热泵烘干级联干燥自动控制系统研制
Authors:Zhu, Ye (1); Jiang, Tao (1); Zhang, Xianguang (1); Hong, Yang (1); Xing, Jingzhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Tao(jiangtao@fmiri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:298-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Kelp drying plays an important role in kelp processing and storage. However, there are some challenge issues in the kelp drying, such as high labor cost and high power consumption. In order to solve these issues in kelp drying, reduce the labor intensity, save power consumption, and improve the quality of products, a new type of sea-belt drying system combining the natural drying method with the heat pump drying method has been proposed. The new system is based on a task force and cascading design and consists of 5 parts, namely drying room, heat pump room, palletizing device, bridge part and control room. The automatic control system for the kelp drying includes data communication function, dry rod position tracking function, and environmental parameter measurement function. Without the manual labor, such as transport and tumble the fresh kelp, 50 drying rods hanging 100 kg of fresh kelp are automatically lifted to the drying room, a support frame with a length, width and height of 34.5 m × 6 m × 6.5 m for natural drying. The Siemens programmable logic controller (PLC) is used to communicate with the G120 inverter. The Universal Serial Interface (USS) protocol is employed to achieve long-distance acceleration and deceleration of the target position. The Process Field Bus (PROFIBUS) protocol is utilized to communicate with the Sick barcode positioning sensor to ensure accurate positioning of the drying rod. The rod track is used to synchronize the running motor and position the palletizing equipment. The limit switches are used to generate the trigger signal for kelp transmission from the drying room to the heat pump room, that is, the automatic bridge function. The heat pump drying method is to ensure the moisture content of kelp drying achieving high quality after the natural drying procedure. After completing the design of the automatic control system, several kelps are selected as the experimental samples. The test results showed that the walking motor can be adjusted by frequency conversion. The maximum speed is 20 m/min, the minimum speed is 3 m/min, and the maximum efficiency can be achieved before the target position 50 cm to start the deceleration. The distance between the two drying rods in the drying chamber is 37 cm and can also be precisely located. After the natural drying procedure by the sun-drying and air-drying actually, the moisture content of kelp is about 60 %. When the natural drying level (subject to the sunlight-drying degree and air-drying degree) is insufficient, the kelp should be transfer from the drying room to the heat pump room for further drying. The rails of the drying chamber must be connected to the rails of the heat pump chamber. Then the drying rods hanging the kelp automatically are transferred to the support frame in the heat pump room with a length, width and height of 6.5 m × 6 m × 5.6 m. The distance between the two drying rods is 12 cm, which can be precisely located. The moisture content of kelps are dried to about 15.2% eventually, without sediment, impurity rate of 0%, grade I. The whole operation time is about 5.7 h. The results showed that the novel kelp drying system can achieve high quality products with very low energy consumption and labor cost. In addition, it can be used as a reference in the algae processing industry. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Automation - Control systems - Cost accounting - Digital storage - Electric power utilization - Employment - Energy utilization - Heat pump systems - Moisture - Moisture determination - Network protocols - Process control - Pumps - Seaweed - Solar dryers - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration and deceleration - Data-communication - Environmental parameter - High power consumption - High-quality products - Low energy consumption - Processing industry - Programmable logic controllers (PLC)
Classification code:471.1 Oceanography, General - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 912.4 Personnel - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.52e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 3.70e-01m, Size 5.60e+00m, Size 6.50e+00m, Time 2.05e+04s, Mass 1.00e+02kg, Percentage 0.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705512
Title:Design of intelligent pig counting system based on improved instance segmentation algorithm
Title of translation:基于改进实例分割算法的智能猪只盘点系统设计
Authors:Hu, Yunge (1, 2); Cang, Yan (1); Qiao, Yulong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin; 150001, China; (2) Beijing Xiaolong Qianxing Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing; 100086, China
Corresponding author:Cang, Yan(cangyan@hrbeu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:177-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The existing pig counting system based on image processing are seriously affected by light conditions, and the counting accuracy is poor when pigs are crowded and obscured.To realize the intelligent pig counting, the paper proposed a counting scheme based on the improved instance segmentation algorithm was proposed in this study. Aiming at the problems of image illumination and target edge blur, Laplace operator was used to preprocess the images. The feature extraction network of MASK R-CNN network was improved by using Resnet-152 as the Mask R-CNN feature extraction network, and the original Feature Pyramid Network(FPN) was followed by a bottom-up enhancement path, which directly fused the low-level edge features with the high-level features to improve the recognition ability of the target edge bluring. The non maximum suppression process and loss function were optimized and improved to improve the segmentation accuracy. The experiments were carried out at three different real pig farms to verify the counting accuracy, respectively in Hebei province, Jilin province and Inner Mongolia. The size of the cage in Hebei pig farm was 5.5 m × 1.8 m, with an average of 12 pigs in a single pen, with a feeding density of 1.21 pigs/m2; the size of the cage in Jilin pig farm was 5.5 m × 3.9 m, with an average of 22 pigs in a single pen, and the average rearing density was 1.03 pigs/m2; the size of the cage in Inner Mongolia pig farm was 11.4 m × 5.28 m, with an average of 80 pigs in a single pen, the average feeding density was 1.32 pigs/m2. The RGB camera is wa nstalled on the top of the pen and acquired the image in daytime. 2 400 images were collected in total, and 2000 images were selected after image preprocessing, and 1 250 images of three pig farms were selected as the original data set according to the ratio of 2: 2: 1. The training set and verification set were enhanced to 1 500 and 150 images and 250 images for the test set, The experimental results showed that 98 images could realize exact counting and 2 images missed 1 pig in the Jilin pig farm, the accuracy of pig counting was 98%. In Hebei pig farm, 99 images could realize the exact counting and the accuracy of pig counting was 99%. For Inner Mongolia pig farms with high feeding density, the accuracy of pig counting was 86%, among the 50 test images, 7 images missed detection, 4 images missed 1 target, 3 images missed 2 targets, The results can provide the application of the artificial intelligent in agriculture field. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Convolutional neural networks - Extraction - Feature extraction - Feeding - Image enhancement - Mammals
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial intelligent - High-level features - Laplace operator - Missed detections - Non-maximum suppression - Recognition abilities - Segmentation accuracy - Segmentation algorithms
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Size 1.80e+00m, Size 3.90e+00m, Size 5.28e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705585
Title:Design and test of the belt-type residual film rubbing and baling machine
Title of translation:带式残膜揉搓打包机设计与试验
Authors:Wang, Zheng (1); Wang, Jikui (1, 2); Tang, Yongfei (1); Luo, Yongjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jikui(shzwjk@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are some problems existing in the domestic residual film recycling machinery, such as unable to bale, recovered film was loose, which leads to inconvenient transportation and storage, and easy to drift with the wind, resulting in secondary pollution and so on. In order to solve these problems, the belt-type residual film rubbing and baling machine was designed. The machine mainly consisted of rubbing mechanism, floating feeding mechanism, transmission system and hydraulic system, etc. The rubbing mechanism mainly consisted of front and back baling belts, support rollers, side plates and tensioning mechanism, etc. The baling belts rotated counterclockwise around the upper and lower support rollers, and the tension roller under the driving of the transmission system. The floating feeding mechanism mainly consisted of feeding roller, U-shaped support frame, bearing with sliding seat, and compression spring, etc. It was fixed to the upper end of the connecting plate, and the feeding roller rotated clockwise under the frictional force of the back baling belt. Through the design of the rubbing mechanism and the force analysis of the residual film, the structural dimension parameters of the baling room were determined, which contained the azimuth of the baling room was 0°, the angle of the baling room was 15°, the gap between the front and back of the upper end of the baling room was 15 mm, the gap between the front and back of the bottom of the baling room was 2 mm, the angle between the back baling belt and the horizontal direction was 25°, and the baling belt used PVC conveyor belt. The function of tension mechanism was to make the baling belt keep a certain degree of tension, so as to prevent the belt from slipping, keep the residual film bale baling under continuous pressure, and ensure the compactness of the residual film bale. Through the mechanical analysis of the formation of the residual film bale, the mechanical equation of the residual film core in the baling room was obtained, and then the rotational torque equation of the residual film core was derived. Finally, the field test of the baling machine was carried out. The results showed that the main factors affecting the baling quality were the azimuth of the baling room and the surface morphology of baling belt. The filed test showed that under the conditions of moderate tension of the baling belt, the azimuth angle of the baling room was -5° to 2.5°, the surface of balling belt was corrugated and the linear speed of the baling belt was 2.0 m/s, and the baling rate of the residual film was 100%, the density variation range of the residual film bale was 88.5 to 92.1 kg/m3. When the recovered residual film contained the same impurities, the density of the residual film bale was related to the linear speed of the baling belt, and the higher the linear speed, the higher the density of the residual film bale. However, when the linear speed exceeds 2.5 m/s, the increasing trend of the density slowed down. The research could provide reference for the development of a new type residual film baling machine. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Polyvinyl chlorides
Controlled terms:Belt conveyors - Feeding - Hydraulic equipment - Morphology - Plates (structural components) - Rollers (machine components) - Surface morphology - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Compression springs - Mechanical analysis - Mechanical equations - Recycling machineries - Secondary pollution - Structural dimensions - Tensioning mechanism - Transmission systems
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 692.1 Conveyors - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 8.85e+01kg/m3 to 9.21e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.00e-03m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705618
Title:Simulation of water resource carrying capacity based on LMDI-SD model in green development irrigation areas
Title of translation:基于LMDI-SD耦合模型的绿色发展灌区水资源承载力模拟
Authors:Kang, Yan (1); Yan, Yating (1); Yang, Bin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:150-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problems of river dry-up, deterioration of the eco-environment and inefficient use of water resources caused by water diversion in the irrigation area, water resources carrying capacity under the green development model was simulated. Taking the Baojixia irrigation area as the research area, based on divisia exponential decomposition, Kaya equation and system dynamics theory, a coupled model with Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and System Dynamics (SD) was proposed. LMDI model, based on water demand mechanism, was developed to decompose and identify the main driving factors for changes of the water consumption, including irrigation water consumption, industrial water consumption and domestic water consumption in the irrigation area. System dynamics model was employed to simulate the water requirement via inputting the key driving factors from the LMDI model. Five simulation schemes were set up using scheme analysis method, including ecological water demand, high-efficiency water saving, industrial structure adjustment and external water diversion. The proposed models were used to simulate the water demand of the irrigation area dynamically in the future, from 2017 to 2030. The levels of water resources carrying capacity were discussed by employing water resources carrying index in the planning year 2025 and 2030. The results showed that the quotas of water consumption played the major driving roles in the change of water consumption in different departments of irrigation area by analyzing historical data. According to the simulation results of the scheme 1 (current development model), the differences between supply and demand water were positive, and the carrying indexes of water resources were less than 1, which means the water resources could carry the development of the irrigation area in 2025. In 2030, the carrying indexes were greater than 1, which indicated that water resources were overloaded. Under the scheme 2 (environment-friendly model), the scheme 3 (environment-friendly and water-saving model) and the scheme 4 (environment-friendly, water-saving and industrial structure adjustment model ), P=75% in 2030, the differences between supply and demand water were negative, and the carrying indexes were greater than 1, indicating that the water resources cannot supply the social and economic development. But for the scheme 5 (green development model), the differences between supply and demand water were positive, and the carrying indexes of water resource were less than 1 through regulating the main driving factors of the water consumption in 2025 and 2030, which implied that the water resources can carry the development of the irrigation area. It was also shown that reasonable measures can alleviate effectively the contradiction between water supply and demand in irrigation areas and improve the water carrying capacity. The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific decision-making method for the rational utilization of water resources under the green development model in the arid and semi-arid irrigation areas. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Decision making - Deterioration - Economics - Flood control - River diversion - System theory - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological water demand - Environment friendly - Industrial structure adjustments - Scientific decisions - Social and economic development - System dynamics model - Water resources carrying capacities - Water supply and demands
Classification code:441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 442.1 Flood Control - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705639
Title:Life cycle assessment of biodiesel from soybean oil and waste oil
Title of translation:大豆油和地沟油制备生物柴油生命周期评价
Authors:Yang, Xinglin (1); Liu, Yanbing (1); Zhu, Zongyuan (1); Gu, Conghui (1); Rui, Yixin (1); Wang, Qun (1); Zhang, Xizhuo (1); Wang, Tianxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang; 212003, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Zongyuan(zongyuan.zhu@just.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:233-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important method that can fully evaluate the natural resources consumed in the production process and activities, as well as its impacts on the environment. In recent years, LCA has been widely used in the biodiesel production process. China is enriched in various biodiesel feedstocks, such as soybean oil, colza oil, jatropha, microalgae and waste cooking oil. In the current study, a life cycle assessment methodology was applied to evaluate the energy consumption and emissions of biodiesel products derived from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the process of a whole life cycle. The results showed that in the whole life cycle, the total energy consumption of soybean-derived biodiesel was about 2.65 times higher than that of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil. In the life cycle of soybean oil production for biodiesel, the majority energy consumption was contributed by the soybean planting stage, accounting for 62.55% of the total energy consumption. Particularly, the energy consumption of methanol production was rather high, accounting for 25.88% of the total energy consumption. In the life cycle of biodiesel made from cooking waste oil, the main energy consumption was in the production stage of methanol and catalyst, accounting for 81.12% of the total energy consumption. It was followed by the pretreatment stage of gutter oil, consuming 11.25% of the total energy input. In combustion, the CO<inf>2</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf> and CO emissions from biodiesels either from soybean oil or waste cooking oil were both lower than those from the conventional diesel. Moreover, compared with the emissions of biodiesel derived from soybean oil, the CO<inf>2</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf>, NO<inf>x</inf>, CO, and dust emissions of biodiesel from the waste cooking oil were reduced by 82.92%, 45.68%, 94.91%, 53.40% and 90.61%, respectively. It infers that the application of biodiesel can significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse and acid gas. It also confirms that the greenhouse effect can be inevitably slowed down when using the biodiesel on a large scale. According to the environmental impact analysis of biodiesel production and utilization processes in the concept of LCA, the potential value of life cycle for the environmental impact of soybean oil as raw material was 11.70 times that of waste cooking oil, which was 8.42 and 0.72, respectively. Global warming was the predominant environmental impact of the biodiesel from soybean oil. In the case of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil, the regional acidification was the most significant factor. Compared with soybean oil, the biodiesel made from waste cooking oil can effectively reduce the consumption of energy and the emission of pollutants. In addition, it can realize the efficient reuse of waste resources. The life cycle assessment method was of practical significance to evaluate the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to form a unified standard among different processes, because of the complex calculation involved in the LCA process. In the future, it is highly necessary to construct a standard database of Chinese biodiesel industry, further to optimize different processes in the production stage. The findings can provide a sound reference for industrial upgrading and department decision-making, and a specific data support for the sustainable development of agricultural industry. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Life cycle
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Artificial life - Biodiesel - Carbon dioxide - Decision making - Energy utilization - Environmental impact - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Methanol - Petroleum industry - Soybean oil - Sulfur dioxide - Sustainable development - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industries - Biodiesel feedstock - Biodiesel production - Consumption of energy - Environmental impact analysis - Industrial upgrading - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - Total energy consumption
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 523 Liquid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01%, Percentage 4.57e+01%, Percentage 5.34e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+01%, Percentage 8.11e+01%, Percentage 8.29e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.49e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705516
Title:Recognition of crawling behavior of dairy cows using Wi-Fi wireless sensing technology
Title of translation:基于Wi-Fi无线感知技术的奶牛爬跨行为识别
Authors:Hao, Yusheng (1); Lin, Qiang (1); Wang, Weilan (2); Guo, Min (1); Lu, Yulan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou; 730030, China; (2) National Languages Information Technology, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou; 730030, China; (3) College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Qiang(787305757@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:168-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the dairy farming industry, there is a close relationship between estrus and the crawling behavior of dairy cows. Timely detection of the crawling behavior of dairy cows is an important issue to be considered to detect the estrus of cows and improve breeding income. Due to the traditional wearable sensing method is easy to cause animals' stress response and generally detrimental to their welfare, it is necessary to find a new way. In 802.11 a/g/n standards, channel response can be partially extracted from off-the-shelf Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receivers in the format of the Channel State Information (CSI), which reveals a set of channel measurements depicting the environment changes. To reliably detect and effectively recognize the crawling behavior of dairy cows and avoid stress response in a natural farming environment, a method based on the CSI of Wi-Fi signals was proposed in this study. Firstly, in the breeding shed of about 150 m2, a wireless router was used as the signal transmitter, and a computer equipped with Intel 5300 wireless Network Interface Card (NIC) was used as the signal receiver to set up a Multiple Input and Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless communication system, which could be used to obtain dairy cows' motion state data in the format of the CSI. Secondly, the obtained CSI series data was preprocessed step by step (i) the CSI values of 30 subcarriers in each radio beam were aggregated into one by using the algorithm of carrier aggregation so that the module of signal jump detection could be run; (ii) the environmental noise caused by factors such as temperature and shed layout were filtered by using the algorithm of moving weighted average filtering; (iii) based on the algorithm of local outlier factor, a signal jump detection module was designed to find out the beginning and end time of the dairy cows' motion in each CSI sequence fragment. Thirdly, the characteristics of CSI sequences were designed and extracted to construct a dataset containing 8 127 samples of three types of cows' movements. Finally, given the advantages and recent success of recurrent neural networks in the domains of time series, a multi-classification recognition model was build based on the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network. The LSTM network is constructed with an 8-layer architecture and was trained by 5 630 samples in the dataset. Through repeated training model and modification of network parameters, a set of optimized network parameters was finally obtained. To evaluate the model, the indices of classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were defined. Meanwhile, the remaining 2 497 samples in the dataset were fed into the model to verify its performance. The test result showed that (i) the proposed method reliably captured the CSI series signal fragments containing dairy cows' movements; (ii) the validity and accuracy of the model were closely related to the model structure and the quality of the dataset. Generally, the higher the number of layers in the network and the higher the quality of the dataset, the better performance of the model can be achieved; (iii) when the LSTM network adopts an 8-layer structure and trained under specific parameters setting, the Kappa coefficient of the trained model on the test set was 0.934 1, and the classification accuracy was 96.67%. Based on the channel state information of the Wi-Fi signal and combined with the machine learning method, a high-performance behavior recognition model can be constructed in specific application fields. The key to the problem lies in the construction of the dataset and the careful tuning of the model. This study introduced wireless sensing technology based on the Wi-Fi signal into the field of agricultural informatization, the results could expand the technical means of animal behavior monitoring and provide a reference for the application of wireless sensing technology in intelligent agriculture. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Long short-term memory
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Animals - Behavioral research - Channel state information - Classification (of information) - IEEE Standards - Interface states - Learning systems - MIMO systems - Network layers - Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing - Routers - Signal detection - Signal receivers - Statistical tests - Wi-Fi - Wireless local area networks (WLAN)
Uncontrolled terms:Behavior recognition - Carrier aggregations - Channel measurements - Classification accuracy - Local Outlier Factor - Machine learning methods - Multiple-input and multiple-output wireless communications - Wireless network interface card
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.50e+02m2, Percentage 9.67e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705557
Title:Dynamic evolution analysis of basic farmland protection research in China from 1988 to 2017
Title of translation:1988-2017年中国基本农田保护研究动态演化分析
Authors:Qian, Fengkui (1, 2); Zhou, Yang (1, 2); Gu, Hanlong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Shenyang; 110161, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Hanlong(allenguhan@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:272-282
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to summarize the research achievements or explores the development trends of basic farmland research, the visual document analysis software the CiteSpace was used to carry out the aforementioned research based on the review of 1 338 articles collected from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). CiteSpace identified the focus of basic farmland research node, drew a knowledge map showing the research progress and tendency in the recent 30 years, and illustrated the evolutionary process of the research in detail via information visualization analysis. The research results showed that four research clusters were created with a timeline description, which demonstrated the focus and contents of basic farmland protection, evaluation, demarcation, and construction research. The first cluster reflected the quantity and quality of basic farmland and environmental protection. The second cluster concentrated on the evaluation of basic farmland suitability and calculating the basic farmland evaluation index and criteria for completeness and accuracy. The demarcation theory and methods of permanent basic farmland especially in the outskirts of urban areas and near traffic routes were major two research fields in the third cluster. The fourth cluster emphasized research of high standard basic farmland construction including practical applications in construction zoning, construction timing sequences, and construction standards and models at the national, provincial, and county levels. In the initial research stage from 1988 to 1997, the research contents and methods were simple and qualitative, and reflected theoretically by two research clusters of the basic farmland protection zone demarcation and construction. Following the land management law and the basic farmland protection regulation amendments, the research focus and contents from 1998 to 2007 were more abundant and extensive than those in the initial stage, and attention was paid to the basic farmland protection and demarcation research, and the coordination research with economic development pressure. Respectively, basic farmland protection was required as essential for overall land-use planning on the national, provincial, and county levels. From 2008 to 2017, the research theory and methods used to guide practice were relatively more perfected and mature and were represented in the three research clusters of the basic farmland protection, permanent basic farmland evaluation and demarcation, and high standard basic farmland construction research. The basic farmland research focus and contents became more diversified and practical than in the previous stages. From the analysis of the basic farmland research clusters through the recent 30 years, the connotation extended continuously from basic farmland to permanent basic farmland and high standard basic farmland with the development of society and technology, and different features were represented in the spatiotemporal research. Basic farmland protection encompasses the triune protection of the quantity, quality, and ecological conditions. Basic farmland demarcation has varied from frequent adjustment to permanent stability and a guaranteed certain quantity and quality of farmland. The evaluations of basic farmland have varied from qualitative to quantitative research using various methods. The exterior policy and environment improving and farmland declining are the primary factors that influence the development of basic farmland research. In general, although basic farmland research has achieved some fundamental results and effects in the recent 30 years, some certain research problems remain to be emphasized and resolved in future research. The lack of a unified evaluation system and limited funding sources are the two main problems that need to be emphasized and resolved in future basic farmland research to ensure food security and social stability. Even though basic farmland protection has been upgraded to a national strategy, theoretical research of basic farmland still lags behind practical exploration and must be changed. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Economics - Food supply - Information systems - Knowledge representation - Land use - Research and development management - Urban planning
Uncontrolled terms:Construction research - Construction standards - Ecological conditions - Evolutionary process - Information visualization - Quantitative research - Research achievements - Society and technologies
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 903.2 Information Dissemination - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.031
Funding details: Number: 201808210445, Acronym: CSC, Sponsor: China Scholarship Council;Number: L18BGL005, Acronym: -, Sponsor: Liaoning Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science;Number: 41671329, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;Number: -, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:Receiveddate：2020-03-20 Reviseddate：2020-08-31 Foundation item：National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671329); Liaoning Social Science Planning Fund (L18BGL005); China Scholarship Council (201808210445) Biography：Qian Fengkui, PhD, Professor, research interests: farmland evaluationandprotection.Email:fkqian@163.com ※Correspondingauthor：GuHanlong,PhD,Lecturer,researchinterest:landuse andmanagement.Email:allenguhan@126.comThe second concerned problem refers to the funding sources for basic farmland research including the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the National Social Sciences Fund (NSSF), local government projects, etc. and the multidisciplinary collaboration of geography, management, natural resources and environmental sciences. However, only 25.32% of the research found in the analysis of the published articles in the most recent 30 years was funded by national projects, and few research results were funded by local government projects, indicating that the local government paid little attention to the basic theory and methods research of basic farmland. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance and enlarge the funding sources from both national and local governments to generate important achievements in the basic farmland protection theory researchandpractice.

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705526
Title:Research and optimization of hydraulic characteristics of large-scale variable sprinkler irrigation machine based on PWM technology
Title of translation:基于PWM技术的大型变量喷灌机整机水力性能研究及优化
Authors:Mo, Jinqiu (1); Huang, Xiaolin (1); Li, Wentao (1); Li, Yanming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:76-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Although the variable sprinkler irrigation machine based on pulse width modulation (PWM) technology can achieve more sophisticated water management in plots, the continuous opening and closing actions of the solenoid valve that realise variable rate irrigation make the flow rate of the main pipeline of the variable sprinkler irrigation machine a continuous and stepped change, which in turn leads to pressure pulsation and mechanical excitation in the variable sprinkler irrigation process. Based on Matlab/Simulink, the pressure pulsation of the large-scale variable sprinkler irrigation machine based on PWM technology in the variable sprinkler irrigation process was analyzed and improved. Regarding the developed large-scale variable sprinkler irrigation machine based on PWM technology, the hydraulic model of the key components and the whole machine were constructed first, and the correctness of the models were verified by experiments. Then based on the built hydraulic models of the whole machine, the pressure pulsation of the variable sprinkler machine was analyzed, and the law of the pressure pulsation in the variable sprinkler irrigation process was obtained. The results indicated that the amplitude of pressure pulsation had no effects on the duty cycle of the PWM pulse while was positively related to the operating pressure level of the system, the number of valves opened or closed at the same time, and the response time of the pressure adjustment of the water supply system. Furthermore, in order to reduce the number of valves that are opened or closed at the same time, the mitigation method of PWM pulse phase staggering was proposed, and three specific implementations of the method had been introduced, including staggering phase between stations, staggering phase in the station, and staggering phase between stations and within the station. Finally, the simulation analysis of the whole machine with implementing the PWM pulse phase staggering method on the model proved that three proposed staggering methods could significantly reduce the pressure pulsation amplitude in the variable sprinkler irrigation process, and also effectively improve the utilization rate of the pumping station. In particularly, the method that staggering phase between stations and within the station had the most obvious effectiveness on reducing pressure pulsation, which can reduce the maximum pressure pulsation amplitude from 0.60 MPa before phase staggering to 0.01 MPa. In addition, field experiments after realizing the PWM pulse phase staggering method on the developed large-scale variable sprinkler irrigation machine based on PWM technology further verify the effectiveness of the proposed PWM pulse phase staggering method in reducing pressure pulsation and mechanical excitation. The results in field experiment showed that the variable sprinkler irrigation machine still has good spray uniformity and variable irrigation control error when using the PWM phase staggering method. These research results can not only provide relatively stable pressure conditions for variable rate irrigation based on PWM technology to ensure the control accuracy in the variable sprinkler irrigation process, but also reduce the mechanical excitation caused by pressure pulsation to ensure the safety of the equipment. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Controlled terms:Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic models - MATLAB - Optical pumping - Pulse width modulation - Solenoid valves - Voltage control - Water distribution systems - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Hydraulic characteristic - Irrigation controls - Mechanical excitations - Pressure conditions - Pressure pulsation - Simulation analysis - Sprinkler irrigation - Variable rate irrigations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 632.1 Hydraulics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.00e+04Pa, Pressure 6.00e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705509
Title:Numerical simulation of effects of solid particles on oil film characteristics of port pair of high-pressure vane pump
Title of translation:固体颗粒对高压叶片泵配流副油膜特性影响的数值模拟
Authors:Li, Shaonian (1); Zhang, Lei (1); Chang, Ludan (1); Wang, Yu (1); Dai, Pengyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:38-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the friction characteristics of the friction pair, find the flow state of particles in the oil film and the temperature distribution of oil film in flow distribution pair, the effects of solid particles in the oil on the oil film characteristics and volumetric efficiency of high-pressure vane pump were studied by means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental test in this paper. Firstly, the two-phase flow calculation model was established, and the particle gravity equation and motion resistance equation were established also. Then, the passage model of flow distribution pair was set. The fluid domain of flow distribution pair included the oil port, groove and oil film. The passage model was meshed and the boundary conditions were set. According to the relevant standard of cleanliness requirement of hydraulic fluid system, the solid particle diameter was selected as 0.005, 0.010 and 0.013 mm, and the solid-phase volume fraction was selected as 0.2%, 0.6% and 1% for calculation. Finally, the influnce of solid particle diameter, solid-phase volume fraction and operating parameters on the flow field characteristics of oil film were analysed by FLUENT software. By changing the diameter and solid-phase volume fraction of solid particles, the working pressure and rotating speed of the pump, the nephogram of solid-phase volume fraction distribution and temperature distribution of the oil film in the flow distribution pair were obtained by numerical simulation and verified by test. The result showed the addition of solid particles in the oil had no effect on the pressure value and distribution of the oil film, but it leaded to the decrease of the oil film temperature in the oil discharge area, and the maximum change of oil film temperaturewas 2 K. The solid-phase volume fraction of oil film in the oil suction area decreased with the increase of particle diameter with the maximum change of 0.25%, while it increased in the oil discharge area with the maximum change of 0.35%. On the whole, the solid-phase volume fraction of oil film changed in the increasing trend, and the maximum change was 0.72%. The volumetric efficiency of vane pump decreased with the increase of solid particle diameter, and the relationship between them was approximately linear. With the increase of the solid-phase volume fraction of solid particles, the solid-phase volume fraction of oil film increased, which resulted in the decrease of volumetric efficiency of vane pump. The relationship between solid-phase volume fraction and volumetric efficiency was nonlinear. The surface temperature of oil film decreased with the increase of solid-phase volume fraction. The position of maximum change of oil film temperature was oil discharge area, and the maximum change was 2 K. The solid-phase volume fraction of oil film decreased with the increase of working pressure, and the maximum change was 0.3%. The temperature of all areas on the surface of the oil film was increased, and the temperature change of the core area was 4 K. The solid-phase volume fraction and temperature in most areas of oil film increased with the increase of rotating speed. The maximum change of solid-phase volume fraction and temperature of oil film was 0.2% and 3 K respectively in the areas with great effect. This research provides a reference for the flow distribution pair design of the port pair of high-pressure vane pump when the oil contains solid particles. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Equations of motion - Friction - High pressure effects - Lubricating oils - Numerical models - Particle size - Rotating machinery - Temperature distribution - Vane pumps - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Flow field characteristics - Friction characteristics - Oil film temperature - Operating parameters - Particle diameters - Surface temperatures - Temperature changes - Volumetric efficiency
Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 607.1 Lubricants - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 2.50e-01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 3.50e-01%, Percentage 6.00e-01%, Percentage 7.20e-01%, Size 1.00e-05m, Size 1.30e-05m, Temperature 2.00e+00K, Temperature 3.00e+00K, Temperature 4.00e+00K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705575
Title:Compensation of provincial cultivated land protection in China from the dual perspectives of food security and ecological security
Title of translation:粮食安全与生态安全双视角下中国省域耕地保护补偿研究
Authors:Liu, Lihua (1); Zhang, Bingxin (2); Liu, Xianghua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong Academy of Decision Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou; 510275, China; (2) Institute of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xianghua(1016408346@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:252-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The goal of cultivated land protection should be changed from single food security to double food security and ecological security under the background of ecological civilization. In this study, a compensation standard of cultivated land protection was established from the perspective of food security and ecological security in order to realize the comprehensive compensation of cultivated land protection, improving the effect of cultivated land protection. The provinces of payment compensation and the provinces of receiving compensation for cultivated land protection were established by adopting opportunity cost method, equivalent factor method, shadow price method, etc., for establishing compensation policies of cultivated land protection under the overall arrangement of the central government. A total of 16 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed cultivated land deficit by taking the supply and demand of grain in each province as the starting point to quantify the degree of satisfaction of cultivated land in each province (city, autonomous region) to its food demand from the perspective of food security. Guangdong province presented the most serious cultivated land deficit. A total of 15 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed cultivated land surplus. Heilongjiang presented the largest surplus of cultivated land. The annual income of national construction land use right was obtained according to the pure income of land transfer fee, land use right deed tax and cultivated land occupation tax. Based on this, the compensation standard for cultivated protection from the perspective of food security was established to be 99 000 Yuan per hectare. Nine provinces (city, autonomous region) showed ecological deficit of cultivated land by taking the relationship between the ecological demand and supply of cultivated land in each province (city, autonomous region) as the starting point to quantify the gap between the demand for cultivated land ecological services and the ecological services provided by cultivated land in each province. Guangdong province presented the most serious ecological deficit of cultivated land. A total of 22 provinces (city, autonomous region) showed ecological surplus of cultivated land. Guangxi province presented the largest ecological surplus of cultivated land. The positive value of national cultivated land ecosystem service was 2.96 times of its negative value. Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, residual agricultural mulch, agricultural water consumption, and cultivated land greenhouse gas emissions accounted for 37.31%, 7.85%, 1.47%, 46.85%, and 6.52%, respectively, among the negative values of each part. Agricultural water consumption and chemical fertilizer application were the main sources of negative value of the national cultivated land ecosystem services. The net value of national cultivated land ecosystem services was 8 519.9 Yuan per hectare, and the total net value was 1 149.174 billion Yuan, which was equivalent to 1.4% of the total national GDP that year. The net value of national cultivated land ecosystem services was established as a compensation standard for cultivated land protection from the perspective of ecological security. Provinces (city, autonomous region) in the state of cultivated land ecological deficit from the perspective of ecological security were all in the state of cultivated land deficit from the perspective of food security. Although the six provinces (city, autonomous region) including Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing and Sichuan were in a state of cultivated land deficit from the perspective of food security, they were in a state of cultivated land ecological surplus from the perspective of ecological security. There were 15 provinces (city, autonomous region) with net paying compensation for cultivated land protection from the dual perspectives of food security and ecological security. The net payment amount was from Shanxi (9.082 billion Yuan) to Guangdong (708.048 billion Yuan). From the dual perspective, 16 provinces (city, autonomous region) had net acceptance compensation for cultivated land protection, and the net acceptance compensation amount was from Tibet (16.683 billion Yuan) to Heilongjiang (1 269.265 billion Yuan). The results would help to making policies and measures to promote the compensation of cultivated land protection. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Economics - Ecosystems - Fertilizers - Food supply - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water - Chemical fertilizers - Compensation standards - Degree of satisfaction - Ecological security - Ecological services - Opportunity cost methods - Policies and measures
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.47e+00%, Percentage 3.73e+01%, Percentage 4.69e+01%, Percentage 6.52e+00%, Percentage 7.85e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705531
Title:Effects of ultrasonic wave on flow and boiling heat transfer of nano-refrigerant in microchannels
Title of translation:超声波对微细通道内纳米制冷剂流动沸腾传热影响
Authors:Luo, Xiaoping (1); Yu, Jia (1); Wang, Wen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:50-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An ultrasonic vibration field can be used to enhance the heat transfer efficiency in microchannels. This study aims to investigate the flow-boiling heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in the microchannels with or without ultrasonic wave. A microchannel test was designed for the section that can be placed in an ultrasonic transducer. An ultrasonic vibration method was selected to prepare the uniform and stable TiO<inf>2</inf>/R141b nano-refrigerant with the mass fraction of 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%. The flow-boiling parameters of nanofluid were measured in the microchannels under ultrasonic wave. A flow boiling experiment was performed on a rectangular microchannel with a cross-sectional width of 2 mm, where the design system pressure of 152 kPa, the effective heat flux density ranged from 10.8 to 22.7 kW/m2, the ultrasonic power of 50 W, ultrasonic frequency of 23 kHz, mass flow rate of 121.1 kg/(m2•s), and inlet temperature of 35℃. Different enhancement effects of heat transfer can be achieved under the nanofluids with different mass fractions. The reason is that the nanoparticles can be used to enhance heat transfer, while increase the thermal resistance avoided by heat transfer, and thereby the increase of thermal resistance can reduce the heat transfer efficiency. The results show that the heat transfer coefficient reached the highest, when the mass fraction of nanoparticles was 0.2%, where the heat transfer enhancement effect can be the best. The nanofluid with a mass fraction of 0.2% under the action of ultrasound indicated the optimal enhancement effect of heat transfer, compared with the case of no ultrasound, where the average saturation boiling heat transfer coefficient of R141b increased by 89.9%. The heat flux posed a great influence on the enhanced heat transfer effect of ultrasonic. There was a significant difference in the enhancement effect under different heat fluxes. The average saturated boiling heat transfer coefficient of nano-refrigerant under the action of sound field increased first and then decreased, with the increase of effective heat flux density. The sound field of vapor-liquid interface in the microchannel was also simulated by COMSOL software. The simulation results show that the propagation of ultrasonic waves in the bubble was weak. When the effective heat flux density below 15.2 kW/m2, the ultrasonic wave can enhance the heat transfer via the increase in the breakaway frequency of the bubble, whereas, the average saturated boiling heat transfer coefficient increased, as the effective heat flux density increased. After the effective heat flux density was 15.2 kW/m2, the strengthening effect of ultrasound began to weaken, due to the increase of bubbles in the microchannel. When the effective heat flow density reached 19.8 kW/m2, the change of flow pattern can lead to an uniform heat transfer, due mainly to the elongation of bubble flow in the microchannel. In the nano-refrigerant with a mass fraction of 0.2%, the enhanced heat transfer effect increased successively for the imported ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave of the inlet and outlet. When the ultrasonic wave was applied to the inlet, the average saturated boiling heat transfer coefficient increased by 26%, whereas, increased by 46% under the action of ultrasonic import and export. The findings can provide new ideas to improve the heat transfer performance of microchannels when applying ultrasonic waves. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Heat transfer performance
Controlled terms:Acoustic field measurement - Acoustic fields - Energy efficiency - Flow patterns - Heat flux - Heat resistance - Heat transfer coefficients - Microchannels - Nanofluidics - Nanoparticles - Oxide minerals - Refrigerants - Thermoacoustics - Titanium dioxide - Ultrasonic effects - Ultrasonic transducers - Ultrasonic waves
Uncontrolled terms:Boiling heat-transfer coefficients - Cross sectional width - Enhanced heat transfer - Flow boiling heat transfer - Heat transfer efficiency - Heat Transfer enhancement - Rectangular microchannels - Vapor-liquid interfaces
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 751 Acoustics, Noise. Sound - 751.2 Acoustic Properties of Materials - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 753.2 Ultrasonic Devices - 761 Nanotechnology - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 933 Solid State Physics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.30e+04Hz, Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 4.60e+01%, Percentage 8.99e+01%, Power 5.00e+01W, Pressure 1.52e+05Pa, Size 2.00e-03m, Surface_Power_Density 1.08e+04W/m2 to 2.27e+04W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 1.52e+04W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 1.98e+04W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705523
Title:Effects of phosphorus application and inoculation arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria on dry matter yield and phosphorus use efficiency of alfalfa
Title of translation:施磷水平和接种AMF与解磷细菌对苜蓿产量及磷素利用效率的影响
Authors:Liu, Junying (1); Hui, Jinfeng (1); Sun, Mengyao (1); Liu, Xuanshuai (1); Lu, Weihua (1); Ma, Chunhui (1); Zhang, Qianbing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Qianbing(qbz102@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:142-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to explore the effects of inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on the dry matter yield of alfalfa, and phosphorus use efficiency under various treatments with different phosphorus level, and thereby an optimal fertilization mode was established for the selected alfalfa. A randomized block design was used in the experiment for two factors of bacteria and phosphorus. Four levels of phosphorus application were set, including 0 (P<inf>0</inf>), 50 (P<inf>1</inf>), 100 (P<inf>2</inf>), and 150 mg/kg (P<inf>3</inf>). Four types of inoculation treatments were as follows: no inoculation (J<inf>0</inf>), Funneliformis mosseae (J<inf>1</inf>), Bacillus megaterium (J<inf>2</inf>), and double inoculation (B. megaterium + F. mosseae) (J<inf>3</inf>). Sixteen treatments were set, each of which was repeated six times. The treatment group was inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae, where the average amount of fungus was 10 g/pot. In the treatment group of Bacillus megaterium, the average amount of bacterial solution was 10 mL/pot. In the mixed inoculation group, Bacillus megaterium in each pot was added the amount of 5 g (about 8 500 inoculation potential units) and 5 mL. The same number of sterilized bacteria was also added to the J<inf>0</inf> treatment. The results showed that the dry matter yield of alfalfa at the total or individual cut gradually increased first and then decreased, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus under the same conditions of bacteria treatment. In the J<inf>3</inf> treatment, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum under the P<inf>1</inf> phosphorus level. In the rest of bacteria application conditions, the total dry matter yield of alfalfa reached the maximum in P<inf>2</inf> phosphorus level. The phosphorus content of aboveground plants increased first and then decreased, as the application rate of phosphorus increased. Specifically, the content of phosphorus in treatment group was significantly higher than that in the non-phosphorus treatment (P<0.05), whereas, there was no significant difference between phosphorus application treatments (P>0.05). The partial productivity and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer decreased, with the increase of phosphorus application rate. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) and rapid available phosphorus (AP) increased in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil, with the increase in the application rate of phosphorus. In the same phosphorus conditions, the dry matter yield, phosphorus content of plant, use efficiency of phosphorus, TP, and AP content of alfalfa under the single or mixed inoculation treatments were significantly higher than those under non-inoculation treatment (P<0.05), where the contents of TP and AP reached the maximum in the J<inf>3</inf> treatment. There was the highest correlation coefficient between the AP content in rhizosphere soil and dry matter yield, indicating the optimal fitting effect. The contents of TP and AP were positively correlated with the total dry matter yield. Therefore, when the application rate of phosphorus was set as 100 mg/kg, the comprehensive inoculation of AMF and PSB can significantly increase the phosphorus availability in soil, thereby to improve phosphorus use efficiency, further to increase the dry matter yield of alfalfa. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the high production of alfalfa, and the application of efficient compound microbial fertilizer. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Phosphorus
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Design of experiments - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Fungi - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Arbuscular mycorrhizas - Available phosphorus - Correlation coefficient - Non-rhizosphere soils - Phosphate solubilizing bacteria - Phosphorus applications - Phosphorus fertilizer - Phosphorus use efficiencies
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e-03kg, Volume 5.00e-06m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Accession number:20205309705546
Title:Drought characteristics and dominant meteorological factors driving drought in spring maize growing season in northeast China
Title of translation:东北地区干旱特征与春玉米生长季干旱主导气象因子
Authors:Li, Chongrui (1, 2); You, Songcai (1); Wu, Yongfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Yongfeng(wuyongfeng@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:97-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:New changing characteristics have emerged in the drought and its dominant meteorological factors in Northeast China, as the ecological impacts of global climate change in recent years. These impacts may bring unpredictable natural disaster risks to local agricultural production. In order to guide the prevention of agricultural drought and mitigation work, it is particularly important to explore the spatial and temporal patterns and evolution trends of drought in Northeast China under the background of climate change, thereby to reveal the meteorological driving factors of drought in the spring maize during growing season. Here, five meteorological factors, including wind speed precipitation, sunshine duration, air temperature, pressure and relative humidity, were interpolated month by month, particularly considering the geographical location and altitude. The data was taken from 105 meteorological stations in Northeast China, where the local DEM data was in the resolution of 30 meters. A Penman-Monteith method was used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration. A IDL program was also used to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) at the 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24-month scales in 1989-2018, further to analyze the multi-scale characteristics of drought. As such, the change characteristic of each meteorological factor was determined in the spring maize during growing season. The high-incidence month and region of drought in the growing season were identified by the SPEI of 1-month scale, thereby to gain the trends of monthly average precipitation and reference evapotranspiration. A stepwise linear regression method was selected to extract the dominant meteorological factors driving drought in each month and the whole growing season. The results indicated that: 1) from 1989 to 2018, a light-serious-light trend of drought was showed in Northeast China in a 10-year cycle, particularly which the worst drought was found in 2000-2010. There was an obvious effect using the SPEI for the drought, as the time scale increased, but there can be a time lag at a certain degree. 2) In the spring maize during growing season, the drought was tend to occur in May, with a high probability in the west of Jilin, the east of Inner Mongolia and the southwest of Heilongjiang. 3) Meteorological variations in the spring maize during growing season in Northeast China were mainly characterized by the increase of air temperature, together with the decrease of air pressure and wind speed. The change rates of average temperature (T<inf>mean</inf>), the maximum temperature (T<inf>max</inf>), the minimum temperature (T<inf>min</inf>), the air pressure (APS) and the wind speed (WV) were 0.41℃/(10a), 0.42℃/(10a), 0.39℃/(10a), -0.05 kPa/(10a), and -0.08 m/(s•10 a), respectively. Other meteorological factors did not change significantly. 4) Dominant meteorological factors driving drought varied in the maize growth period in Northeast China. The significant factors were ranked in descend order: the precipitation (PRE), air relative humidity (RHU), T<inf>max</inf> and sunshine duration (SSD) in May, followed by the PRE, RHU, SSD and T<inf>min</inf> in June, the PRE, RHU and SSD in July, the PRE, T<inf>max</inf> and T<inf>mean</inf> in August, and the PRE, RHU and T<inf>max</inf> in September. In the whole growth season, the main meteorological factors were the PRE, T<inf>max</inf>, SSD, and RHU. Specifically, the PRE played the most important role in drought in each month, compared with the other factors. The WV and APS showed the minimum influence on drought. This finding can offer a promising potential reference for the drought characteristics of the spring maize during growing season in Northeast China, and further to make the reasonable decisions for drought prevention. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Atmospheric pressure - Atmospheric temperature - Climate change - Disasters - Evapotranspiration - Regression analysis - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Drought characteristics - Meteorological variation - Penman-Monteith method - Potential evapotranspiration - Reference evapotranspiration - Spatial and temporal patterns - Stepwise linear regression
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr, Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 8.33e-02yr, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.011

Accession number:20205309705656
Title:Effects of synergistic treatment of microorganism and enzyme improving composting quailty of maize stovers
Title of translation:菌酶协同处理改善玉米秸秆堆肥品质
Authors:Li, Wen (1); Li, Tingfeng (1); Guo, Junyu (1); Gu, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Xin(guxin929@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:192-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Maize stover resources were abundant in China. Composting was one of the important utilization methods of maize stover, but it had problems such as a long cycle and serious loss of carbon and nitrogen nutrients. There were few studies on the use of cellulose-degrading enzyme preparation and synergetic treatment of microorganism and enzyme for the fertilizer of maize stover. In particular, the effect of co-processing on the loss of carbon and nitrogen and the conversion of nutrients was rarely reported. This study was committed to clarify the effect of cellulose-degrading microorganism, cellulose-degrading enzyme and cooperation between microorganism and enzyme in stover composting test. Three functional microorganisms Luteimonas sp. X11-1, Aspergillus flavus Z5-3, and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Z8-2 existed in the cellulose-degrading microbial inoculum. The cellulose-degrading enzyme preparation was developed by Institute of Agricultural Chemistry of Zhejiang University. Its hydroxymethyl cellulose activity was 4.21×103 U/g, the optimum temperature was 40-60℃, and the inactivation temperature was 80℃. There are four stover composting treatments, which are separately added microbial inoculant (volume fraction 15%), enzyme preparation (mass fraction 0.8%), microbial inoculant and enzyme preparation (volume fraction 15% inoculum + 0.8% mass fraction), and not adding microorganism or enzyme as a control. The stacking temperature, pH value, carbon loss, nitrogen loss, nutrient content and compost maturity were surveyed and analyzed during the composting. The results showed that addition microorganism alone and addition enzyme alone entered the high temperature 2 days earlier than the control. The synergetic treatment entered the high temperature period 3 days earlier than the control, and the maximum temperature was 0.7-1.9℃ higher than other treatments. During the composting process the pH value of each treatment increased at first and then decreased. Compared with the control, the cumulative release of CO<inf>2</inf> and NH<inf>3</inf> by addition microorganism alone, addition enzyme alone and synergetic treatment were showed a downward trend. The cumulative release of CO<inf>2</inf> and NH<inf>3</inf> of synergetic treatment was the lowest and significantly lower than other. Carbon losses of addition microorganism alone, adding enzyme alone and synergetic treatment were 18.92%-23.91% respectively, which were 37.24%-50.34% lower than that of the control; nitrogen losses were 15.51%-19.25%, which were 54.19%-63.09% lower than that of the control. Among them, the carbon and nitrogen losses of the materials processed by synergistic treatment are the lowest. It means that the synergistic treatment of microorganism and enzyme was more beneficial to the reduction of carbon and nitrogen loss. At the end of composting, the mass fractions of total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium of microbial inoculant treatment, enzyme preparation treatment, and synergetic treatment were increased 34.48%-62.93%, 71.43%-117.14%, 10.76%-15.65%, 17.10%-23.23%, respectively, in which the nutrient conversion effect of the material by synergistic treatment was the best. Addition microorganism alone, addition enzymes alone, and synergistic treatment could shorten matured compost times which advanced 10, 16 and 18 days. The above results showed that addition of microbial inoculant alone, addition enzymes preparation alone and synergistic treatment could shorten the composting time and promote the nutrient transformation of materials. In summary, the synergistic treatment of microorganism and enzyme was beneficial to decrease the loss of carbon and nitrogen, promote nutrient transformation and shorten compost maturity time, which was the best treatment. The results can provide the theoretical basis for co-processing of microorganism and enzyme in stover composting. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Enzymes
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Ammonia - Aspergillus - Biodegradation - Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Cellulose - Composting - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Nutrients - pH - Phosphorus - Potassium - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Available phosphorus - Available potassiums - Carbon and nitrogen - Microbial inoculants - Microbial inoculums - Nutrient transformations - Optimum temperature - Trichoderma longibrachiatum
Classification code:461.8 Biotechnology - 461.9 Biology - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.38e-02yr, Age 4.93e-02yr, Age 5.48e-03yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.55e+01% to 1.92e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01% to 2.39e+01%, Percentage 3.45e+01% to 6.29e+01%, Percentage 3.72e+01% to 5.03e+01%, Percentage 5.42e+01% to 6.31e+01%, Percentage 8.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.022

Accession number:20205309705619
Title:Effects of lateral deep application and dosage of slow-release fertilizer on yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rape (Brassica napus L.)
Title of translation:缓释肥侧位深施及用量对油菜产量和肥料利用率的影响
Authors:Lyu, Weisheng (1); Xiao, Xiaojun (1); Xiao, Guobin (1); Huang, Tianbao (1); Xiao, Fuliang (1); Li, Yazhen (1); Han, Depeng (1); Zheng, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation, Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang; 330046, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Wei(zw07917043299@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:19-29
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to determine the effects of lateral deep application of slow-release fertilizer for direct seeding rapeseed in red soil paddy field, 2 a(2018-2020) field experiments covering two winter rapeseed(late-maturity varieties"Dadi 199" and early-maturity varieties"Zhongyou 607") were conducted with 3 treatments, including no fertilization(F0), broadcast fertilization on soil surface (F1) and lateral deep application fertilizer(F2). The slow-release fertilizer (N 25%, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> 7% and K<inf>2</inf>O 8%) was used with application rate of 750 kg/hm2 for late-maturity rapeseed and 600 kg/hm2 for early-maturity rapeseed, respectively. At the same time, conventional fertilization experiments were carried out on two rapeseed varieties from 2019 to 2020, and the application levels of slow-release fertilizer were 0, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 kg/hm2, respectively. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and arranged in random blocks with a plot area of 10 m × 4 m. During the experiments, the air temperature and precipitation were measured. The harveting density, dry matter, seed yield and yield components were mearued. The absorption, agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and contribution rate of N, P and K were calculated. The results showed that the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil paddyfield were significantly affected by fertilizing methods. Moreover, the differences were more significant (P<0.05) for late-maturity varieties and rainy season(2018-2019) than for early-maturity varieties and drought season (2019-2020). Compared with F1, F2 treatment promoted the yield formation and increased the fertilizer use efficiency significantly (P<0.05). Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, and with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. At the same time, compared to the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the absorption of nutrients(N, P and K), effective harvesting density and maintained sufficient pod numbers, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. The optimal quantity of slow-release fertilizer for late-maturity rapeseed and early-maturity rapeseed were 715.39 and 586.39 kg/hm2 to target yield of 2 438.94 and 1 708.22 kg/hm2, respectively. The study indicated that lateral deep application of appropriate slow-release fertilizer has the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil paddyfield of southern China and should be suggested to applicate according to the local conditions. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Infill drilling - Oilseeds - Productivity - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Application level - Conventional cultivations - Dry matter accumulation - Dry matter production - Fertilization experiment - Partial factor productivity - Slow release fertilizers - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Size 4.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.003

Accession number:20205309705661
Title:Effects of biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures on reduction and control of nitrogen loss in sheep manure composting process
Title of translation:不同热解温度生物质炭对羊粪堆肥过程氮素损失的减控效果
Authors:Wang, Haihou (1); Han, Qilong (1); Liu, Zekai (1); Jin, Meijuan (1); Shi, Linlin (1); Shen, Mingxing (1); Gu, Haidong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Taihu Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou; 215100, China; (2) National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou; 215100, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Haidong(ghdfrank@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:184-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High temperature aerobic composting is one of the most economical and feasible methods to produce organic fertilizer from agricultural waste. It is not only conducive to the recycling and reuse of agricultural waste biomass, but also conducive to replacing chemical fertilizers and reducing the use of fertilizer in farmland. However, serious nitrogen loss is common in the process of composting, which reduces the agricultural value of composting products and increases the pressure of environmental pollution. Therefore, nitrogen fixation measures to enhance the composting process are the key technical links to realize the virtuous circle of agriculture, rural ecology and economy. Biochar is a kind of highly aromatic refractory solid material made from waste biomass inside and outside farmland under high-temperature anaerobic conditions. It has huge specific surface area, porous structure, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, phenolic hydroxyl group and other unique properties. It has high thermal stability and strong adsorption capacity. To study the effective control of nitrogen loss in high temperature compost technology, biochar preparation of rice husk with two different pyrolytic temperature biochar for compost additives, mixed with sheep droppings, edible fungi residue, carried out composting trials of 43 days for composting engineering application of biochar control nitrogen loss and improve the quality of compost to provide technical support and theoretical basis. Three treatments were set up. The mixture of sheep manure and edible fungus residue fresh weight ratio at 9: 1 was used as the preparation material, the pyrolysis biochar at 450 and 650℃ (accounting for 15% of the fresh weight of the preparation material) was added to the preparation material for B1 and B2 treatment, and the unpyrolyzed rice husk (such as volume of biochar) was added to the preparation material for CK treatment. During the experiment, the changes of composting body temperature, NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization, N<inf>2</inf>O emission, pH value and other parameters were monitored, and the nitrogen retention effect of biochar in composting at different pyrolysis temperatures was analyzed. The results showed that B1 and B2 treatment promoted the rapid rise of the initial temperature of composting, and the time needed for the first temperature rise to 55℃ was 2 and 6 days shorter than CK, respectively. The effect of B2 treatment was better than that of B1 treatment in promoting temperature rise and increasing temperature. After composting for 43 d, the NH<inf>3</inf> volatilized accumulations treated by CK, B1 and B2 were 378.12, 117.22 and 94.16 mg/kg, respectively; the N<inf>2</inf>O emission accumulations were 13.9, 26.3 and 23.6 mg/kg, respectively; the nitrogen loss rates were 47.8%, 34.1% and 30.5%, respectively. B1, B2 treatment increased the composting body N<inf>2</inf>O emissions, reduces the composting body NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization, cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emissions in the composting process is far less than NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization accumulations, adding biochar on composting process of nitrogen loss show the positive reduction control action, B1, B2 treatment of nitrogen loss rate than CK treatment was reduced by 28.66% and 36.19%, respectively, B1, B2 treatment between the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Based on the indexes such as rapid increase of reactor temperature and control of nitrogen loss, the nitrogen-preserving effect of B2 treatment was better than that of B1 treatment in the process of sheep manure composting. In the composting project, biochar was used to reduce nitrogen loss and improve composting quality, and the pyrolysis temperature of 650℃ was optimized to prepare biochar. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Nitrogen fixation
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural robots - Agricultural runoff - Ammonia - Composting - Farms - Fertilizers - High temperature engineering - Manures - Pyrolysis - Quality control - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Edible fungi residues - Edible fungus residues - Engineering applications - Environmental pollutions - High thermal stability - High-temperature composts - Increasing temperatures - Phenolic hydroxyl group
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.18e-01yr, Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 5.48e-03yr, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.87e+01%, Percentage 3.05e+01%, Percentage 3.41e+01%, Percentage 3.62e+01%, Percentage 4.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.021

Accession number:20205309705615
Title:Determining the retrieving parameters of corn canopy LAI and chlorophyll content computed using UAV image
Title of translation:无人机影像反演玉米冠层LAI和叶绿素含量的参数确定
Authors:Su, Wei (1, 2); Wang, Wei (1, 2); Liu, Zhe (1, 2); Zhang, Mingzheng (1, 2); Bian, Dahong (3); Cui, Yanhong (3); Huang, Jianxi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:58-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The small low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is flexible and easy to operate, which can be used to acquire high spatial resolution images with centimeter level. It is an important technical way for phenotyping the breeding corn. In order to determine the retrieving parameters of the corn canopy leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content computed by UAV images, the DJI S1000+ UAV platform with the French Parrot Sequoia camera was used to obtain multispectral images in Yacheng corn breeding base, Sanya City, Hainan Province in this study. Six different kinds of vegetation indices were used in computing the corn canopy LAI and chlorophyll content, each vegetation index was obtained from images with 10 spatial resolutions ranging from 0.1 to 1 m. The vegetation indices used in this study were the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), grassland chlorophyll index (GCI), ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference rededge-red index (NDIrer), normalized difference rededge-green index (NDIreg) and renormalized difference vegetation index (RDVI). The correlation analysis between different vegetation indices from different resolutions images and in-situ measured LAI was done to select the optimal spatial resolution and optimal vegetation index for computing corn canopy LAI, and in similar for chlorophyll content. The study results revealed that the NDVI from image with 0.6 m spatial resolution was the optimal selection for LAI computing, where the correlation coefficient R2 between NDVI and the in-situ measured LAI was 0.80 with a R2 of 0.73 for verification. And the highest correlation coefficient R2 between NDIreg from image with 0.1m spatial resolution and in-situ measured chlorophyll content is 0.70, with a R2 of 0.63 for verification. The conclusions of this study were as followed: 1) The selection of vegetation index: ① For the corn canopy LAI computing, the vegetation indices without green band were higher than that with green band, which revealed that the green band was not sensitive to LAI; ② For corn canopy chlorophyll content computing, the vegetation indices including the red edge band were higher than that without red edge band, which revealed that the red edge band was very sensitive to chlorophyll content. 2) The spatial resolution selection for UAV image: the optimal resolution for LAI computing was 0.6 m when the correlation coefficient between NDVI and measured LAI reached the maximum; the optimal resolution for canopy chlorophyll content computing was 0.1-0.3 m when the correlation coefficient between NDIreg and in-situ measured chlorophyll content reached the maximum. This study can be used to give the reference for spatial resolution selection and vegetation index selection for corn canopy LAI and chlorophyll content computing by UAV image. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Antennas - Chlorophyll - Green computing - Image resolution - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Correlation coefficient - Different resolutions - High spatial resolution images - Multispectral images - Normalized difference vegetation index - Normalized differences - Ratio vegetation indices
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.007

Accession number:20205309705560
Title:Hydration-time-dependent rheological behaviors of Newtonian cement grouts with different water cement ratios
Title of translation:不同水灰比的牛顿型水泥浆液流变性随时间变化规律
Authors:Yang, Zhiquan (1); Ding, Yi (1); Yang, Yi (1); Zhu, Yingyan (1, 2); Zhang, Jie (3); Guo, Yongfa (4); Chen, Xinggui (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650093, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (3) Yunnan Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Kunming; 650216, China; (4) Kunming Survey, Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. of CREEC, Kunming; 650200, China; (5) The Third Engineering Co., Ltd. of China Railway Seventh Bureau Group Corporation, Xi'an; 710026, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Yi(2919847230@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:161-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As an inorganic cementitious material with low cost and good property, cement grouts has been widely used in many engineering fields such as highways, tunnel, slopes, foundations, railways, construction, mining and water conservancy. As for cement grouts, the rheological properties of cement grouts are significantly affected by the changes of the hydration time and the water cement ratio, which determine the diffusion state of cement grouts in rocks and soils and have a great influence on the outcome of projects. However, the current research only considered the influence of a single factor on rheological properties of cement grouts, the combined effect of these factors has not been well understood. In this study, Portland cement grouts, a widely used material in practical grouting engineering are used as the research object and the Portland cement grouts with four water cement ratios which are the typical cement ratio of Newtonian fluid (1.5, 2.0, 5.0, 10.0) at six moments (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min) were chosen as the experimental group, then combined with the numerical analysis and the theoretical method the effect of hydration time and water cement ratio on rheological properties of Newtonian cement grouts was studied. The results show that: the hydration time and the water cement ratio both have significant influence on dynamic viscosity of Newtonian cement. The former shows a trend of growth, and the longer the hydration time is, the faster the growth trend, the latter shows a trend of decreased, and the smaller the water cement ratio is, the more significant the decreasing trend. Combined with the perspective of statistical theory, practical applicability and accuracy, this study selects four theoretical models to discuss the quantitative relationship of the effect of hydration time and water cement ratio on rheological properties of Newtonian cement grouts, and the four theoretical models are the most basic in mathematics, also the most widely used in practice: the linear model, exponential model, power function model and logarithm model. Then the optimal model will be determined from the fourth according to statistical theory and experimental verification. Comparing the determination coefficients and the regression values of the four fitting models, the exponential model is the optimal model for the quantitative change of dynamic viscosity of Newtonian cement to react the effect of hydration time and water cement ratio on rheological properties of Newtonian cement grouts. The difference between the theoretical value and the experimental value of the exponential model is within 10%, while more than 80% of the difference between the theoretical value and the experimental value of linear, logarithmic and power function models are greater than 10%. Thus, the rheological equation of Newtonian cement considering the hydration time and the water cement ratio are built. The research results can not only improve the rheological theory of Newtonian cement grouts, but also provide certain technical support for practical engineering applications such as the building foundation support, tunnel water plugging and seepage prevention, foundation reinforcement, geological disaster prevention and control, and agricultural soil conservation. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil cement
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cost engineering - Disaster prevention - Functions - Grouting - Historic preservation - Hydration - Mortar - Newtonian liquids - Numerical methods - Portland cement - Rheology - Soil conservation - Tunnels - Viscosity - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Cementitious materials - Determination coefficients - Experimental verification - Foundation reinforcement - Practical engineering applications - Prevention and controls - Rheological behaviors - Rheological equations
Classification code:401.2 Tunnels and Tunneling - 405.2 Construction Methods - 412 Concrete - 412.1 Cement - 414.3 Mortar (Before 1993, use code 412) - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.018

Accession number:20205309705508
Title:Changes in the microstructure and properties of the egg-break blade after boronisation and vanadizing
Title of translation:高效打蛋破壳刀片渗硼与渗钒处理后微观组织与性能变化
Authors:Wan, Qiang (1); Zhu, Fangtao (1); Liu, Xiaofeng (1); Wei, Min (1); Wang, Shucai (1); Meng, Liang (1); Wang, Peng (1); Dong, Wanjing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:291-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Egg-break blade is a key component in a high-efficiency egg separator. Two failures of egg-break blade usually occurred in the turning of cutting edge and blade wear. The strategy to prolong the lifetime of egg-break blade is to increase the hardness without too much sacrifice of toughness. In this study, the boriding and thermal diffused vanadizing were applied to a blade stainless steel of 2Cr13, thereby to achieve an excellent wear resistance. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behaviors of the layers were investigated after the treatment. A scanning electric microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to observe the thickness, microstructure, and chemical composition from the cross section of the layers. The crystal structure was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) from the top surface. The results suggested that the boride and vanadizing layers were successfully fabricated on the surface of 2Cr13 stainless steel, showing excellent adhesion with the substrate. The thicknesses of boride and vanadizing layer were 15 μm and 5μm, respectively. The much thinner vanadizing layer was related to the larger diameter of atom, resulting in a sluggish diffusion. It can also be confirmed by the content of B and V in the corresponding layer. There was nearly 30% B in the boride layer, while, only 12.3% V content in the vanadizing layer. According to XRD patterns, the boride layer consisted of FeB, Fe<inf>2</inf>B, Fe<inf>3</inf>B, while, the vanadizing layer mainly consisted of VC<inf>x</inf> carbides. The borides and carbides formed via the diffusion and reaction with the interior elements of the substrate. The micro-hardness of coating and substrate can be measured from the surface with a load of 0.49 N. The hardness of boride layer and vanadizing layer were 1 554 and 1 037 HV, respectively, which were three and 2-3 times higher than that of the treated stainless steel. The high hardness can be attributed to the formation of borides and carbides after the treatment. The relatively low hardness in the vanadizing layer can be related to the low content of VC<inf>x</inf>. Nano-indentation test was carried out to further determine the mechanical properties, including the nano-hardness, elastic recovery ability (W<inf>e</inf>) and energy dissipation coefficient (K<inf>d</inf>). The nano-hardness of diffusion layers was like the results of micro-hardness. The boride layer presented a higher elastic recovery ability than the vanadizing layer, whereas, the vanadizing layer showed the better performance of plastic deformation. In friction test, the results demonstrated that the coefficient of friction (COF) in the vanadizing layer was relatively lower of 0.5, compared with the boride layer, where the COF was about 0.68. Nevertheless, the boride layer presented a lower wear rate under non-impact load, indicating better wear resistance due to its higher hardness. Taking the thickness and mechanical properties into account, the vanadizing layer with better performance of plastic deformation can be a potential application to protect the cutting edge from turning, whereas, the boride layer with higher hardness can be a candidate to improve the wear resistance of blade body served under a stable load. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Wear resistance
Controlled terms:Borides - Carbides - Crystal structure - Cutting tools - Diffusion - Elasticity - Energy dispersive spectroscopy - Energy dissipation - Friction - Microhardness - Microstructure - Plastic deformation - Stainless steel - Wear of materials - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:2Cr13 stainless steel - Chemical compositions - Coefficient of frictions - Diffusion layers - Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy - Energy dissipation coefficient - Microstructure and properties - Nanoindentation tests
Classification code:525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 545.3 Steel - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933.1.1 Crystal Lattice - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 4.90e-01N, Size 1.50e-05m, Size 5.00e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.033

Accession number:20205309705535
Title:Effects of different temperature treatments on thermal stability and structure of red kidney bean protein
Title of translation:不同温度处理对红芸豆蛋白热稳定性及结构的影响
Authors:Chen, Zhenjia (1); Wang, Xiaowen (1); Jing, Xu (1); Liang, Yaping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) University Hospital, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xiaowen(wwxw11@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:306-312
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heat is the most common physical agent that denatures proteins. Heat-induced denaturation unfolds protein structure, exposes surface hydrophobic groups and dissociates proteins into their constituent subunits. Denaturation decreases protein solubility, resulting in aggregation of the unfold molecules due to changes in functional properties, such as water absorption, gelation, foaming, and emulsification. An in-depth study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties and aggregation characteristics of red kidney bean protein isolate (KPI) during heating and to determine the influence of different temperatures on the thermal aggregation behavior of KPI. The protein solubility, turbidity, content of total and free sulfhydryl groups, subunit composition, and protein secondary structure of native KPI aqueous dispersions (2% g/mL) thermally treated at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 95℃)were analyzed by different detection methods and techniques. High temperature caused the dissociation and association of protein subunits leading to the formation of soluble and insoluble aggregates, which reduced the solubility of the protein to some extent and increased the turbidity of the protein solution. Results of protein concentration showed that the solubility of red kidney bean protein increased initially and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The solubility of KPI increased by more than 82% at 70℃, but decreased to 65.63% at 95℃ (near denaturation temperature 93.4℃). The turbidity of the protein solution of red kidney bean increased with temperature. Results of SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis revealed that proteins of red kidney bean tended to form macromolecule aggregates at high temperature. The protein profiles obtained from SDS-PAGE analysis performed in the absence and presence of β-mercaptoethanol were not significantly different when thermal treatment was carried out at a temperature below 90℃. A new band with a molecular weight of approximately 135 kDa appeared in the electrophoretic pattern at 90℃. The subunit bands with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa disappeared in the electrophoretic pattern at 95℃, indicating that the protein subunits underwent dissociation and aggregation to a certain extent during heating. A gradual decrease in the content of total sulfhydryl groups was observed and the amount of free sulfhydryl groups initially increased and then decreased as the temperature increased. These results suggested that thermal treatment enhanced protein aggregation and oxidation of SH group. Results of circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that heat treatment affected the secondary structure of KPI, whereas the content of α-helix in KPI decreased with the rising heating temperature, and the content of random coil increased, but there was no apparent change in the content of β-strand and β-turn. Fluorescence analysis showed that red-shift of KPI solution occurred when the temperature was over 80℃, indicating that thermal treatments greatly changed the secondary and tertiary structure of KPI. This implies that high temperature destroys the tertiary structure of KPI and increases the polarity of protein microenvironment. The results can provide the important theoretical basis for controlling the thermal behavior and aggregation properties of red kidney bean products. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Benchmarking - Circular dichroism spectroscopy - Denaturation - Dichroism - Dissociation - Electrophoresis - Emulsification - Fluorescence - Gelation - Heat treatment - Molecular weight - Physicochemical properties - Red Shift - Solubility - Turbidity - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Denaturation temperatures - Fluorescence analysis - Free sulfhydryl groups - Functional properties - Protein concentrations - Protein secondary structure - Secondary and tertiary structures - Temperature treatments
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.56e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.035

Accession number:20205309705608
Title:Dissolved oxygen prediction for water quality of aquaculture using improved ELM network
Title of translation:基于改进极限学习机的水体溶解氧预测方法
Authors:Shi, Pei (1, 2); Kuang, Liang (3); Yuan, Yongming (1); Zhang, Hongyang (1); Li, Guanghui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi; 214081, China; (2) School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (3) School of IoT Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Information Technology, Wuxi; 214153, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:225-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Highly accurate monitoring of water quality can efficiently provide scientific data to intensive aquaculture production. One of the most important parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO) content can be used to determine the fish survival rate in aquaculture water quality monitoring. However, the dissolved oxygen content can greatly vary in complex conditions, thereby to make it difficult to gain the high precision prediction. In this study, an improved extreme learning machine (ELM) neural network based on factor selection (SPLS-ELM) was proposed to forecast dissolved oxygen. First, Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to calculate the weights of other factors on dissolved oxygen. The strong correlation factors were extracted according to the obtained weights. The strong correlation factors were selected as the input data for a prediction model with reduced dimension. The key factors included water temperature, pH, temperature, humidity, illuminance, photosynthetically active radiation, irradiance and wind speed. Partial least-squares (PLS) was utilized to optimize the ELM neural network, in order to avoid high collinearity when the redundant data was input into traditional ELM, further to ensure the stability of output weight coefficients. Then, the dissolved oxygen prediction model SPLS-ELM was constructed based on the new activation function with good generalization. Finally, to verify the proposed SPLS-ELM prediction model, various experiments were performed on the monitoring of built-in water quality in Nanquan Aquaculture Base, Jiangsu Province, from July 1st, 2019 to July 30th, 2020. The prediction models were used to compare, including Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), BP, particle swarm optimized LSSVM (PSO-LSSVM) and genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network (GA-BP) models. The experimental results showed that the error of root mean square (RMS) of SPLS-ELM was 0.323 2 mg/L, indicating the increase by 40.98%, 44.48%, 34.73% and 44.18%, compared with LSSVM, BP, PSO- LSSVM and GA-BP prediction model, respectively. The RMS error of SPLS-ELM improved by 27.24% and 46.82%, respectively, compared with PLS-ELM and ELM prediction model. The accuracy of the presented SPLS-ELM model was obviously higher than that of the counterpart models. The run time of SPLS-ELM prediction model was just 0.6231s. The efficiency of SPLS-ELM improved by about 3 times and 10 times, compared with than of LSSVM and BP, respectively. Meanwhile, the prediction curve of dissolved oxygen was closed to the real observed values. A better prediction performance was achieved by the improved operations of factor section, PLS algorithm and new activation function. The proposed SPLS-ELM can overcome the problem of collinearity in redundant input for the reliable prediction. SPLS-ELM can be expected to serves as the prediction of dissolved oxygen for water quality monitoring in real aquaculture. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Backpropagation - Biochemical oxygen demand - Chemical activation - Correlation methods - Dissolution - Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Learning systems - Least squares approximations - Neural networks - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Predictive analytics - Support vector machines - Water quality - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved oxygen contents - Extreme learning machine - Least squares support vector machines - New activation functions - Partial least square (PLS) - Pearson correlation coefficients - Photosynthetically active radiation - Water quality monitoring
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 445.2 Water Analysis - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.72e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 4.45e+01%, Percentage 4.68e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.026

Accession number:20205309705650
Title:Analysis of microbial community in the anaerobic/semi-aerobic spatiotemporal bioreactor for rural wastes
Title of translation:农村垃圾厌氧-准好氧时空联合生物反应器中微生物群落分析
Authors:Guo, Nanfei (1, 2, 3); Han, Zhiyong (1, 2, 3); Shi, Rui (1, 2, 3); Li, Hao (1, 2, 3); Liu, Jie (4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China; (2) State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China; (3) College of Environment and Ecology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China; (4) School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu; 610106, China
Corresponding author:Han, Zhiyong(hanzhiyong13@cdut.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:19
Issue date:October 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:200-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important method that can fully evaluate the natural resources consumed in the production process and activities, as well as its impacts on the environment. In recent years, LCA has been widely used in the biodiesel production process. China is enriched in various biodiesel feedstocks, such as soybean oil, colza oil, jatropha, microalgae and waste cooking oil. In the current study, a life cycle assessment methodology was applied to evaluate the energy consumption and emissions of biodiesel products derived from soybean oil and waste cooking oil in the process of a whole life cycle. The results showed that in the whole life cycle, the total energy consumption of soybean-derived biodiesel was about 2.65 times higher than that of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil. In the life cycle of soybean oil production for biodiesel, the majority energy consumption was contributed by the soybean planting stage, accounting for 62.55% of the total energy consumption. Particularly, the energy consumption of methanol production was rather high, accounting for 25.88% of the total energy consumption. In the life cycle of biodiesel made from cooking waste oil, the main energy consumption was in the production stage of methanol and catalyst, accounting for 81.12% of the total energy consumption. It was followed by the pretreatment stage of gutter oil, consuming 11.25% of the total energy input. In combustion, the CO<inf>2</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf> and CO emissions from biodiesels either from soybean oil or waste cooking oil were both lower than those from the conventional diesel. Moreover, compared with the emissions of biodiesel derived from soybean oil, the CO<inf>2</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf>, NO<inf>x</inf>, CO, and dust emissions of biodiesel from the waste cooking oil were reduced by 82.92%, 45.68%, 94.91%, 53.40% and 90.61%, respectively. It infers that the application of biodiesel can significantly reduce the emissions of greenhouse and acid gas. It also confirms that the greenhouse effect can be inevitably slowed down when using the biodiesel on a large scale. According to the environmental impact analysis of biodiesel production and utilization processes in the concept of LCA, the potential value of life cycle for the environmental impact of soybean oil as raw material was 11.70 times that of waste cooking oil, which was 8.42 and 0.72, respectively. Global warming was the predominant environmental impact of the biodiesel from soybean oil. In the case of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil, the regional acidification was the most significant factor. Compared with soybean oil, the biodiesel made from waste cooking oil can effectively reduce the consumption of energy and the emission of pollutants. In addition, it can realize the efficient reuse of waste resources. The life cycle assessment method was of practical significance to evaluate the biodiesel industry. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to form a unified standard among different processes, because of the complex calculation involved in the LCA process. In the future, it is highly necessary to construct a standard database of Chinese biodiesel industry, further to optimize different processes in the production stage. The findings can provide a sound reference for industrial upgrading and department decision-making, and a specific data support for the sustainable development of agricultural industry. © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Life cycle
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Artificial life - Biodiesel - Carbon dioxide - Decision making - Energy utilization - Environmental impact - Gas emissions - Global warming - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Methanol - Microorganisms - Petroleum industry - Soybean oil - Sulfur dioxide - Sustainable development - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industries - Biodiesel production - Consumption of energy - Environmental impact analysis - Industrial upgrading - Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) - Microbial communities - Total energy consumption
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9 Biology - 523 Liquid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01%, Percentage 4.57e+01%, Percentage 5.34e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+01%, Percentage 8.11e+01%, Percentage 8.29e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.49e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.19.023

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