<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20205009618405
Title:Design and test of seedling pot filling and transporting machine for citrus
Title of translation:柑橘育苗钵装填转运机设计与试验
Authors:Xu, Qinchao (1); Li, Shanjun (1); Zhang, Yanlin (1); Meng, Liang (1); Lu, Hong'an (1); Xie, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agriculture University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shanjun(shanjunlee@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:66-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Container seedling raising of citrus has the advantages of fast survival and high survival rate after transplanting, and is becoming the main way of citrus cultivation. At present, the level of mechanization of vitrus container seedling cultivation in China is very low, mainly relying on manual operation, especially seedling pot filling, with high labor intensity and low production efficiency, which has become the main obstacle of industrial development. In order to sole this problem, a mechanical solution of filling and transporting 105 pots at one time was proposed. The machine consists of two independent parts: filling device and transporting device. The filling device included frame, scraping mechanism and driving mechanism; the transporting device included frame, power system, driving mechanism and steering mechanism. Before filling, he unlocking device was set to unlocking state. Then, the operating rod of the linkage mechanism was moved to the unlocking device and locked. At the same time, the flaps of the linkage mechanism moved to the horizontal filling state. Secondly, opened the seedling pots, putted the pot into the compartment in turn and covered with covering plate. Thirdly, started the transporting device, and moved the transporting device to the filling position with the guidance of the guiding wheel on the transporting device and guiding rail on the filling device. Then, turned on the control switch, the filling and transporting machine started, the substrate was scraped into the seeding pots after separating by the splitter plate. After filling, started the transporting device and moved it to unloading position. Unlocked the unlocking device, and moveed the operating rod of the linkage mechanism to the unloading state. The flaps moved to the vertical position under the action of the linkage mechanism, and the seedling pots in the compartments falled under the action of gravity. The optimal offset and height of splitter plate were determined based on the analysis of the substrate flow process by EDEM software, the scheme of the unloading part was designed, the length of each rod was calculated, the strength of the frame was analyzed, and the parameters of the frame were determined. Based on this, the control circuit was designed and the test prototype was made. The experimental results showed that the prototype machine ran stable in 10 tests, the mean substrate filling amount was 330.5 kg, the filling number of seedling pots was 105, the filling time was about 60 s under the setting speed of mixer,, the speed of the transport device was 1.2 m/s, and the seedling pots were unloaded and aligned well. The maximum average filling amount of single seedling port in 10 tests was 3.23 kg, which was 2.5% higher than average filling amount, and the minimum average filling amount of single seedling port in 10 tests was 3.03 kg, which was 3.8% lower than average filling amount. The designed machine can provide reference for the development and optimization of the citrus seedling pot filling and transporting machine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Filling
Controlled terms:Containers - Machinery - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Industrial development - Linkage mechanism - Manual operations - Production efficiency - Prototype machine - Steering mechanisms - Unloading positions - Vertical positions
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.03e+00kg, Mass 3.23e+00kg, Mass 3.30e+02kg, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 3.80e+00%, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20205009615715
Title:Energy-harvesting experiment of a broadband magnetic-floating energy harvester under diverse vibration excitations
Title of translation:不同激励下宽频磁浮俘能器俘能试验
Authors:Sun, Yuhua (1, 2, 3); Li, Shoutai (1, 2, 3); Xie, Shouyong (1, 2, 3); Li, Yunwu (1, 2, 3); Gao, Mingyuan (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Eng. and Tech., Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Hilly Area, Chongqing; 400716, China; (3) National & Local Joint Eng. Lab. of Intelligent Transmission and Control Tech., Chongqing; 400716, China; (4) College of Eng. and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra; 2601, Australia
Corresponding author:Gao, Mingyuan(goalmychn@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:81-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vibration energy harvesting systems can convert the vibrational energy into the useful electric power, thereby offer a promising source of renewable energy for sustainable development of a society. However, there remains a great challenge on high power density and broadband energy collection under random power spectrum. In this study, a high power-density and broadband Magnetic-Floating Energy Harvester (MFEH) was presented for diverse vibration excitations. A COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to calculate the relationship between magnetic restoring force and displacement during the vibration. A mathematical model was established to explore the effects of different parameters on the performance of energy harvester, according to the governing equations of magnetic-floating vibration system and Kirchoff's law. The simulation results show that the maximum output voltage varied slightly from 16 to 22 V, as the mass of levitated magnet increased, indicating that the variation in mass can pose some influence on the maximum output voltage. Nevertheless, the resonant frequency decreased, when the mass of levitated magnet increased. The excitation acceleration has a significant influence on the maximum output voltage, whereas, there was a relatively small increase in the resonant frequency. Specifically, the spacing, d<inf>0</inf>, has a significant impact on the curve shape of output voltage. There was only a unique solution for the governing equation, when the values of d<inf>0</inf> were 53 and 52 mm, respectively, where the curves of output voltage were stable. But the solution for the governing equation was not unique, when the d<inf>0</inf> was less than 52 mm. Consequently, the curve included the stable and unstable solutions, indicating that the jump phenomenon occurred in this case. Analogous to the parameter spacing d<inf>0</inf>, the damping ratio also strongly determined the curve shape. When the damping ratio was less than 0.21, the curve also included the stable and unstable solution in presence of the jump phenomenon. Diverse excitation conditions, such as the sinusoidal sweeping and fixed frequency vibration, were selected to verify the capacity of power generation. Subsequently, the performance of energy harvester was evaluated by the indexes of efficiency, effectiveness, and the volume figure of merit. A regulated power supply circuit was also designed, combined with the practical application. A mathematical model of random excitation was established, according to the spectrum characteristics for a random road, when an agricultural machine working on hilly and mountainous areas. The solution of stationary probability density was obtained using the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FFK) equation expression for the response amplitude of probability density function. Experimental results showed the maximum output voltage ranged from 5.92 to 21.52 V, as the excitation frequency varied from 9.77 to 31.75 Hz under diverse amplitude. The maximum power reached 81.93 mW at 10 Hz. From 5 Hz to 50 Hz, the maximum deliverable power is 81.93 mW. The efficiency, effectiveness, and the volume figure of merit for the designed energy harvester were 2.85%, 9.85% and 39.74%, respectively. Five peaks can be obtained for the power spectral density of output generating voltage in energy harvester, where the frequencies were 9.80, 29.41, 36.76, 36.76, 51.47, and 71.08 Hz, indicating a broadband power response. The proposed device can be applied for powering the most sensors of agricultural machinery and equipment in hilly and mountainous areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Energy harvesting
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Computational complexity - Curves (road) - Damping - Electric power systems - Fokker Planck equation - Magnetism - Magnets - Natural frequencies - Power supply circuits - Probability density function - Spectral density
Uncontrolled terms:Excitation acceleration - Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov - Hilly and mountainous areas - Indexes of efficiencies - Probability densities - Random power spectrum - Spectrum characteristic - Vibration energy harvesting
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 5.00e+00Hz to 5.00e+01Hz, Frequency 7.11e+01Hz, Frequency 9.77e+00Hz to 3.18e+01Hz, Percentage 2.85e+00%, Percentage 3.97e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+00%, Power 8.19e-02W, Size 5.20e-02m, Size 5.30e-02m, Voltage 1.60e+01V to 2.20e+01V, Voltage 5.92e+00V to 2.15e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20205009615698
Title:Method for trigger identification of apple drought in northern China
Title of translation:北方苹果干旱触发判识方法
Authors:Yang, Jianying (1); Huo, Zhiguo (1, 2); Xu, Jianwen (3); Wang, Peijuan (1); Wu, Dingrong (1); Mao, Hongdan (1); Kong, Rui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (3) Dalian Meteorological Service Center, Dalian; 116001, China
Corresponding author:Huo, Zhiguo(huozg@cma.gov.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Historical disaster documents can greatly contribute to machine learning from disaster experiences, particularly in understanding the interaction mechanism of regional disaster systems. Historical, agricultural, and meteorological disaster characteristics can be explored by the representation and reanalysis of disaster processes and events, integrating meteorological data and agricultural information. However, compared with field crops, the historical disaster records of cash crops, such as forests and fruits, are relatively scarce, which can make the disaster representation and reanalysis with low accuracy. Therefore, it is of great merit to develop a method for identifying forest and fruit disasters, based on the limited historical disaster data, as well as long series meteorological and fruit growth data, for the cash crop meteorological disasters researches which are lack of historical disaster records. In this study, taking the drought disaster of Fuji Apple in Shaanxi Province as an example, the meteorological data, historical drought disaster, and phenological data were integrated to identify the trigger threshold of apple drought. According to the phenological data of apple collected in this study, tree growth stages, that is, tree germinating to flower budding, flower budding to full bloom, and full bloom to mature, were analyzed as target growth stages for apple. Referring to the drought index construction method for crops, such as wheat and corn, pre- and current water demand and precipitation supply were fully considered in the construction of the apple Drought Index (DI). The probability analysis, K-means clustering, and Euclidean distance were used to comprehensively analyze the distribution and classification characteristics of DI between 35 stations from 1981 to 2018 and historical disaster samples. According to the Euclidean distance between the DI in historical disaster sample and the center point of the cluster sample, the drought trigger threshold of Fuji Apple in tree germinating to flower budding, flower budding to full bloom and full bloom to mature were identified by the corresponding minimum Euclidean distance. Afterwards, the trigger threshold was verified by comparing the sequence of disaster-causing factors and reserving samples. The results showed that: 1) The trigger thresholds of apple drought in tree germinating to flower budding, flower budding to full bloom and full bloom to mature were 0.87, 0.84, and 0.73, respectively. 2) The DI sequences that extracted based on the threshold value in tree germinating to flower budding, flower budding to full bloom and full bloom to mature stages were detected the same characters with that in historical disaster samples. The apple drought data that identified by the calculated of DI and trigger threshold were generally consistent with that disaster records in historical documents, with 85.58% of trigger threshold-based results completely consistent with historical records. The identification coincidence rate was 80.95% in the long-time series validation for typical sites. Generally, the trigger threshold of apple drought can provide a sound technical support for apple drought monitoring, early warning, and assessment in Northern China. The agrometeorological disaster trigger identification method based on small samples of historical disaster data can also offer a paradigm in the current research on the meteorological disasters of cash crops with insufficient historical disaster data.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Disasters
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Blooms (metal) - Crops - Drought - Forestry - Fruits - K-means clustering - Probability distributions
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural informations - Historical disasters - Historical documents - Identification method - Interaction mechanisms - Meteorological disasters - Minimum euclidean distances - Probability analysis
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.10e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20205009615656
Title:Simulation analysis and experiments of leaf stripping process for whole-stalk sugarcane harvesters
Title of translation:整秆式甘蔗收割机剥叶过程仿真分析与试验
Authors:Xie, Luxin (1, 2); Wang, Jun (1); Cheng, Shaoming (1); Zeng, Bosheng (3); Yang, Zizeng (3); Chen, Baoshan (4, 5); Huang, Youzong (4, 6)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) Guangxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanning; 530007, China; (4) College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (5) State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Nanning; 530004, China; (6) Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center of Canesugar Industry, Nanning; 530004, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jun(jwang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:56-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The operation quality of the whole-stalk sugarcane harvester stripping mechanism has an important impact on the residual sugarcane leaves after harvest. Reasonable operating parameters can effectively improve the stripping quality of the stripping mechanism.A finite element model was established in this study to simulate the sugarcane leaf stripping process to analyze the stress and force changes of stalk and leaf stripping elements during this process. In order to obtain the optimal operating parameters, the influence of the main operating parameters of the leaf stripping device on the leaf stripping performance was analyzed, especially on the interaction process between the stalk and the leaf stripping elements in the process of leaf striping, as well as the stress and force distribution of the stalk and the leaf stripping elements in leaf stripping process., Single factor simulation experiments were conducted based on the finite element model. In addition, the effects of rotation speed of feeding roller, rotation speed of leaf stripping roller, overlapping length of stalk and leaf stripping element on the maximal stress of stalk and leaf stripping element were evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of rotation speed of feeding roller, the maximal stress of stalk decreased and then increased, increasing continuously with the increase of rotation speed of leaf stripping roller and overlapping length of stalk and leaf stripping elements. A sugarcane leaf stripping test device was established based on the simulation analysis. Six rows leaf stripping elements made with polyurethane material (with a length of 100 mm, a width of 30 mm and a thickness of 10 mm) were mounted evenly on the roller shaft. Box Behnken design and response surface methodology(RSM) were used to analyze the effects of rotation speeds of feeding roller and leaf stripping roller, overlapping length of stalk and leaf stripping elements and feeding number on non-cleaning rate of sugarcane leaves. Experimental data were analyzed by using SAS 9.3. Through nonlinear optimization, the optimal operating parameters were determined as rotation speed of feeding roller of 250 r/min, rotation speed of leaf stripping roller of 540 r/min, overlapping length of stalk and leaf stripping elements of 13.9 mm and feeding number of sugarcane of 1.68. Under these conditions, the predicted value of non-cleaning rate of sugarcane leaves was 2.2%. The results of verification experiments showed that the non-cleaning rates of of sugarcane leaves were 2.0% and 3.1% respectively when the feeding number of sugarcane were 1 and 2 respectively. The high-speed photography experiment results suggested that the leaf sheath stripping process mainly included separation of the upper part of leaf sheath from the stalk, separation of the lower part of leaf sheath from the stalk, and sliding of leaf sheath along the stalk. The conveying speed of sugarcane fluctuated in the range of 2.3-2.9 m/s at the rotation speed of feeding roller of 250 r/min, rotation speed of leaf stripping roller of 540 r/min and with the overlapping length of 14 mm. Under the high rotation speed of the roller, the conveying speed of the stalk fluctuates violently, which leads to the stalk fracture. The study results can provide reference for improving the leaf stripping performance and adaptability of whole-stalk sugarcane harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:High speed photography
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Feeding - Finite element method - Harvesters - Nonlinear programming - Rollers (machine components) - Rotation - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Non-linear optimization - Operating parameters - Polyurethane materials - Response surface methodology - Simulation analysis - Stripping mechanisms - Sugarcane leaf-stripping - Whole-stalk sugarcane harvesters
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 742.1 Photography - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 3.10e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.40e+02RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.39e-02m, Size 1.40e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m, Velocity 2.30e+00m/s to 2.90e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20205009615697
Title:Accurate recognition of wine grapes using multi-feature optimization based on GF-6 satellite images
Title of translation:基于GF-6卫星影像多特征优选的酿酒葡萄精准识别
Authors:Li, Wenjie (1, 2); Guo, Xiaolei (3); Yang, Lingbo (1, 2); Yan, Ming (3); Zou, Chenxi (4); Fang, Yahua (4); Sun, Han (5); Huang, Jingfeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) The Yinchuan Meteorological Bureau, Yinchuan; 750000, China; (4) Spaider Information Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing; 100086, China; (5) Xintianyuan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Reduction, Hohhot; 010051, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Jingfeng(hjf@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:165-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Multi-source remote sensing information and feature optimization have become important supports to improve the accuracy of crop recognition. As the first Chinese satellite to introduce red-edge bands, the rich spectral information of GF-6 satellite provides new ideas for crop recognition. However, the use of crop features is confine to one single source, and previous studies on cash crop is relatively lacking. In this study, an available recognition method was proposed for the wine grape on multi-features using GF-6 satellite images. This paper first introduced the red-edge bands of GF-6 to the multi-source features in the study of accurate recognition for wine grape. Based on the GF-6 satellite data from June 2018 to March 2019 of Yongning County, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, two red-edge bands were selected to extract the spectral, texture, and temporal vegetation index features, including Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). A Random Forest algorithm with Gini index was used to choose the optimal number of features according to the measured importance scores, thereby to construct the optimal feature combination. Seven types samples of ground objects were selected to accurately recognize wine grape. Seven combinations of comparative features were designed, including three single-source and four multi-source feature combinations. Training samples and verification samples were obtained by the field investigation and visual interpretation with the Google Earth. The results showed that, compared with single-source features, the multi-source remote sensing features significantly improved the recognition effect of wine grape, where the vegetation index features contributed the most, then followed by the spectral and texture features. The accuracy of user and producer for the wine grape were 94.23% and 92.59%, respectively, the overall classification accuracy was 94.15%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.93 in the optimal feature combination. Compared with spectral feature combination, the Jeffries-Matusita distance between wine grape-farmland and wine grape-woodland were improved from 1.57 to 1.99 and 1.40 to 1.97 respectively in the optimal feature combination.. Compared with the combination 7, which includes all fifty-four features, the overall accuracy was improved by 2.85% in the optimal feature combination with only seventeen features. Taking four wine chateaus by field survey as the verification area, the results of wine grape extraction were compared with the statistical data, where the relative area accuracy of eight feature combinations were all above 70%, and that of the optimal feature combination was above 90%. Compared with other seven feature combinations, the optimal feature combination improved the separable measure of different ground objects and reduced field fragment, indicating more conformable with actual situation. In addition, the operation time of classification model was shortened, and the reasonable allocation of resources was realized by feature optimization. The successful launch of GF-6 enriched the existing satellite data sources, including red-edge bands, (such as RapidEye of Germany and Sentinel-2 of Europe). The findings can contribute to the large-scale remote sensing monitoring of wine grape and popularize the application of red-edge bands of Chinese satellite in agriculture, and also provide a sound reference to improve the performance of red-edge bands of Chinese satellite.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Wine
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Data mining - Decision trees - Remote sensing - Satellites - Superconducting materials - Textures - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Enhanced vegetation index - Feature optimizations - Normalized difference vegetation index - Normalized differences - Random forest algorithm - Remote sensing information - Remote sensing monitoring
Classification code:655.2 Satellites - 708.3 Superconducting Materials - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.85e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.26e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20205009615682
Title:Assessment of habitat quality and degradation degree based on InVEST model and Moran index in Gansu Province, China
Title of translation:基于InVEST模型和莫兰指数的甘肃省生境质量与退化度评估
Authors:Zhao, Xiaojiong (1, 2, 3); Wang, Jian (1); Su, Junde (4); Sun, Wei (3); Jin, Wangqiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Lanzhou; 730020, China; (4) Gansu Vocational & Technical College of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Jinchang; 737100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jian(wjian@lzb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:301-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The habitat quality is directly related to the habitat suitability provided by land use/land cover types for biodiversity. Habitat quality is seriously threatened by human activities, especially agricultural development activities, cities, roads. In order to assess the habitat quality and degradation degree in the ecologically fragile areas of Northwest China, taking Gansu Province as an example, based on the high-resolution (30 m) land use/ land cover type data and various types of natural reserve data, habitat quality module in InVEST software was used to evaluate the habitat quality and degradation, and both spatial analysis and local Moran's I were used to identify the hot spots and cold spots of habitat quality and degradation. On this basis, the relationship between habitat quality and degradation and the hot spots and all kinds of natural protected areas were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The habitat quality was gradually decreasing from south to north, while, the habitat degradation was gradually increasing from north to south in Gansu Province. In the south and east of Gansu Province, the habitat degradation was also high, due to the strong disturbance of human activities, even though the habitat quality generally presented well. The habitat quality and degradation depended mainly on the location and intensity of human activities. The combination of habitat quality and degradation can more truly represent the current level of habitat protection. 2) The hot spots of habitat quality accounted for 25.59% of the total land area of Gansu Province, and most distributed in the south of Gansu Province, indicating a consistent with the proportion of natural conservation areas in Gansu Province. Most areas showed better natural ecological conditions, due to there was not many areas of degradation in hot spots. A recommendation can be made during this time, to turn the biodiversity conservation into the most endangered sites in the future; 3) In all types of protected areas, the habitat degradation of National Park was the lowest, whereas, that of other protected areas was the highest. The coverage area of hot spot in habitat quality was much higher than that of habitat degradation. The coverage rate of hot spot significantly varied in the different types of protected areas. The coverage rate of hot spot for habitat degradation was also the highest in the protected areas, while that for habitat quality dominated in other types of protected areas. A suggestion was made during this time that the strategy planning of nature reserve can be focused on other protected areas, in order to strengthen the ecological restoration in other nature reserve, and further to reduce the interference of human activities. The findings can offer the accurate implementation of biodiversity conservation strategies and ecosystem management decisions in the western China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biodiversity - Conservation - Environmental protection - Forestry - Land use - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Biodiversity conservation - Ecological conditions - Ecological restoration - Ecosystem management - Land use/ land covers - Natural conservation - Natural protected areas
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454 Environmental Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.56e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20205009615699
Title:Numerical simulation and experiment of wind-sand movement characteristics around high vertical nylon mesh sand barriers
Title of translation:高立式尼龙网沙障周围风沙运动特性的数值模拟与试验
Authors:Jia, Guangpu (1); Zuo, Hejun (1); Wang, Haibing (1); Yan, Min (1); Yao, Yunfeng (1); Han, Xueying (1); Liu, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Desert Control Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Aeolian Physics and Desertification Control Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Zuo, Hejun(zuohj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:109-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to explore the movement law of wind and sand for the high vertical nylon mesh sand barrier, thereby to make up for the difficulty in the collecting data from field experiments, particularly on the sound reference for engineering sand control. Taking the Dengkou-Ustai sand-crossing highway as the background, a combination of the FLUENT numerical simulation and field test was used to investigate the design parameters of barrier rows, heights of sand barriers, and inlet wind speeds. A numerical simulation was carried out to obtain the change of wind speed, as well as the sand distribution of windward side, leeward side, and transition zone of net sand barrier. A field experiment was conducted to measure the specific parameters, and then the recorded data was later used for the error and linear correlation analysis. The results show that the air flow field in the horizontal direction represented in the form of "V" and "W" in the vertical sand barriers under different design parameters. The profile of wind speed shaped mainly in "S" for the transition zone of sand barriers. It infers that the wind speed has reversed airflow at this time, forming a vortex area or wind shadow area. The height of sand barrier directly determined the form and scope of flow field at the leeward side of sand barrier, as well as the cost of the project. When the wind speed is 8 m/s, as the number and height of barriers increased, the wind-proof effect became more obvious, and the amount of sand accumulation showed an increasing trend, and the influence ranges of single row, double row, three row sand barriers were from first row sand barrier to behind it 6, 13 and 20 m; when the wind speed is 10 m/s, as the height of the sand barrier increased, the airflow demarcation point gradually rised. The airflow demarcation points of sand barriers with heights 60, 100, 120, 150 cm were 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 m, respectively. The airflow gradually returned to the wind speed in the wilderness, as the airflow moved away from the sand barrier. When the wind speed increased above 15m/s, the high vertical sand barrier gradually lost its protective effect. Error analysis was used to verify the high reliability of data, where the minimum relative error was 1.32%, the maximum relative error was 8.18%. The numerical model can be used to serve as an alternative approach for the insufficient data in field experiments. The combination of numerical simulation and field test can be used to mutually verify the optimal predict model in the preliminary screening for the indoor use, and acquire the movement rules of wind and sand, indicating an achievement can be gained in the effort at the field. The measurement cost normally was high, while the speed gradient of wind was not easy to measurement. A recommendation was made during this time that the design parameters can be reasonably selected according to the local wind conditions in the actual laying in the field.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Sand
Controlled terms:Errors - Flow fields - Mesh generation - Numerical models - Polyamides - Rayon - Reliability analysis - Speed - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Fluent numerical simulations - Linear correlation analysis - Maximum relative errors - Measurement costs - Movement characteristics - Profile of wind speed - Protective effects - Sand accumulation
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 819.2 Synthetic Fibers - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.32e+00%, Percentage 8.18e+00%, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Velocity 1.00e+01m/s, Velocity 1.50e+01m/s, Velocity 8.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20205009618445
Title:Effects of fertilization regimes on carbon and nitrogen contents of aggregates and maize yield in reclaimed soils
Title of translation:施肥措施对复垦土壤团聚体碳氮含量和作物产量的影响
Authors:Cao, Hanbing (1); Xie, Junyu (1, 2); Qiangjiu, Ciren (3); Guo, Lu (4); Hong, Jianping (1); Jing, Yaodong (1); Meng, Huisheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan; 030031, China; (3) Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau in Shannan Cona County, Shannan; 856700, China; (4) Binzhou Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Shandong Province, Binzhou; 256600, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Huisheng(huishengmeng@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:135-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to investigate the distribution characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) in water-stable aggregates, silt and clay fractions, in order to gain a deep understanding the sequestration mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) under various fertilization regimes. Topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from the raw soil and reclaimed soil under different fertilization regimes of six consecutive ages. A wet sieving method was used to fractionate the particle size in soil, including the large macroaggregates (> 2 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm), microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm), as well as the silt- and clay-sized fractions (< 0.053 mm). The contents of OC and TN were analyzed for the water-stable aggregates, the silt and clay fractions. A systematic experiment was also carried out to reveal the driving factors for the changes of SOC storage, while, the relationship between crop yields and the OC content in the water-stable aggregates, the silt and clay fractions. Four treatments were selected, including no fertilizer (control, CK), nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer (NPK), single application of organic manure (M), and the combined application of organic manure and synthetic fertilizers (MNPK). The results showed that the contents of OC and TN were similar in macroaggregates and microaggregates, particularly higher than that in the silt and clay fractions. Compared with the raw soil, the CK, NPK and M treatments significantly increased the OC contents in the 0.25-2 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates, and the < 0.053 mm fractions, with the increase of 97.96%, 66.19% and 97.60% (CK), 87.07%, 92.09%, 92.80% (NPK), and 95.24%, 148.20%, 112.00% (M), respectively. The MNPK treatment significantly increased the OC contents in > 2, 0.25-2, 0.053-0.35 mm aggregates, and the < 0.053 mm fractions, with the increase of 151.88%, 160.54%, 135.25%, and 92.80%, respectively. In addition, the CK, NPK, M and MNPK treatments significantly increased the TN contents in > 2 mm, 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates, with the increase of 43.66%, 46.78%, and 29.95% (CK), 41.83%, 52.35%, 30.43% (NPK), 52.81%, 50.43%, 44.93% (M), and 63.80%, 62.96%, 39.61% (MNPK), respectively. The enrichment factors of organic carbon (E<inf>C</inf>) and total nitrogen (E<inf>N</inf>) were similar in the macroaggregates and microaggregates, generally higher than those in silt and clay fractions. Both the M and MNPK treatments significantly increased the C/N ratios of water-stable aggregates, and the silt and clay fractions (except for > 2 mm aggregates). The OC sequestrated in the > 2 mm aggregates was driven by the proportions of > 2 mm, whereas, the OC sequestrated in the other water-stable aggregates, and the silt and clay fractions was driven by the OC contents. The crop yields increased linearly as the increase of OC contents in the water-stable aggregates, and the silt and clay fractions, indicating that the SOC pool in this area has not saturated, especially for the < 0.053 mm fraction. Therefore, the application of organic manure combined with NPK (MNPK) to the reclaimed soil with low fertility can be an effective way to improve soil performance in coal mining subsidence areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Aggregates
Controlled terms:Coal industry - Crops - Cutting machines (mining) - Land reclamation - Manures - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic carbon - Particle size - Potassium fertilizers - Reclamation - Silt
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon and nitrogen - Clay-sized fractions - Coal mining subsidences - Distribution characteristics - Soil organic carbon - Synthetic fertilizers - Systematic experiment - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.35e+02%, Percentage 1.48e+02%, Percentage 1.52e+02%, Percentage 1.61e+02%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 3.96e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 4.37e+01%, Percentage 4.68e+01%, Percentage 5.04e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+01%, Percentage 5.28e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 6.38e+01%, Percentage 6.62e+01%, Percentage 8.71e+01%, Percentage 9.21e+01%, Percentage 9.28e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Size 5.30e-05m to 2.50e-04m, Size 5.30e-05m to 3.50e-04m, Size 5.30e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20205009616333
Title:Development of a comb tooth loosening and pneumatic stripping plough layer residual film recovery machine
Title of translation:梳齿起膜气力脱膜式耕层残膜回收机研制
Authors:Guo, Wensong (1); He, Xiaowei (1, 2); Wang, Long (1, 2); Zhao, Pengfei (1); Hu, Can (1); Hou, Shulin (2); Wang, Xufeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Electrification Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer; 843300, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xufeng(798428667@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The film left in farmland brings "white pollution" to soil. At present, there are two main methods for the recovery of residual film in plough layer: one is the method of soil extraction and screening. Firstly, the soil is transported to the vibrating screen by the soil lifting mechanism, and then the soil and residual film are separated under the action of the vibrating screen. The other is the comb type residual film recovery method. Under the continuous rotation of the comb teeth, the comb teeth are inserted into the topsoil to loosen the soil, and the residual film is continuously removed from the soil. In order to solve residual film pollution of plough layer soil, a comb tooth loosening and pneumatic stripping plough layer residual film recovery machine was designed. The machine was mainly composed of frame, comb tooth, comb roller, gravity sedimentation chamber, centrifugal fan and so on. Comb tooth roller was composed of multiple rows of comb tooth installed on the roller. The function of comb roller was to loosen soil and separate residual film and soil through continuous rotation. EDEM software was used to establish virtual operating system of comb roller, and study the effects of comb tooth arrangement and comb tooth structure on forward resistance and resistance moment. According to the simulation results, the spiral arrangement of comb tooth was determined. The kinematics equation of residual film in film suction area was established. By solving equation, the influence of the rotation speed of the comb roller and the air speed at the film suction port on the motion track of the residual film were analyzed. It was determined that the rotation speed of comb roller should be less than 120 r/min, and air speed in film suction port should be greater than 15 m/s. In order to obtain the best combination of operating parameters, a response surface test was performed on soil tank. The optimal parameter combination was obtained: angle of film suction port was -7°, the forward speed was 2 km/h, the rotation speed of comb roller was 100 r/min, and the air speed in film suction port was 22 m/s. The field test results showed that when working with the best combination of parameters, the residual film pick up rate was 55.04%, which was 1.63% lower than the predicted value, indicating the optimization method was reliable.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Pneumatics - Pollution - Recovery - Rollers (machine components) - Rotation - Soils - Speed - Vibrating screens
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous rotation - Gravity sedimentation - Kinematics equation - Operating parameters - Optimal parameter combinations - Optimization method - Resistance moments - Spiral arrangement
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 605.1 Small Tools, Powered - 632.3 Pneumatics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.63e+00%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+02RPM, Velocity 1.50e+01m/s, Velocity 2.20e+01m/s, Velocity 5.56e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20205009616312
Title:Research progress of polymer composites filled with tea biomass
Title of translation:茶生物质填充高分子复合材料的研究进展
Authors:Gong, Xinhuai (1, 2); Li, Mingchun (2); Xin, Meihua (2); Zhao, Jinyun (1); Zhao, Xiaojie (1); Lyu, Gan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center of Bamboo Ecological Industry, Ecology and Resources Engineering College, Wuyi University, Wuyishan; 354300, China; (2) Engineering Research Center of Environment Friendly Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen; 361021, China
Corresponding author:Li, Mingchun(mcli@hqu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The researches and applications of biomass materials have always been the interest of people, due to the advantages of low-cost, non pollution, regeneration and so on. Tea biomass is the general name of waste dominated during the cultivation, processing, deep processing and consumption processes of tea. The tea biomass includes 1)dead-wood, fallen leaves, pruning branches and leaves, seed shells and other tea residues produced during tea cultivation; 2)fannings, thick stems, old stems and tea ash produced during tea processing; 3)tea residues and tea oil cakes produced during deep processing of tea beverage, instant tea, tea polyphenols and tea oil; 4)tea leaves after drinking of tea. A large number of tea residues are produced during the process of planting, production, processing and consumption of tea. China is the biggest producer and consumer of tea all over the world. The cultivation area and yield of tea of China were more than 2.9×10<sup>6</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> and 2.6×10<sup>6</sup> t in 2019, respectively, which accounts for 60% and 50% of the world's area harvested and yield of tea. The worldwide consumption of tea is about 6 million tons annually, and the amount of tea biomass produced during the tea industry reached up to 5×10<sup>6</sup> t per pear merely in china, most of which were treated as agricultural waste, resulting in both environmental pollution and enormous natural resource waste. Therefore, the research and application of tea waste would be great benefit to the environment management and developpment of tea industry. The tea biomass resources showed a hollow porous structure and were rich in cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, tea polyphenols, theanine and other useful components. Traditionally, the tea biomass were mainly used as raw materials to extract active components, plant growth fertilizers, animal feeds and environmental adsorption materials. It has extensive application potential in agriculture and animal husbandry, health care, food processing, environmental protection and composited materials. With the developpment of research focused on the tea biomass, the composites prepared by the combination of tea biomass with polymers have been developped rapidly and widely in recent years because of their excellent processing and application performance, and have became the most important part of tea biomass based materials. In order to clarify the current research status of the tea biomss/polymer composites, this paper introduced the characteristics and chemical composition of the tea biomass resources first, and then the advances in research of tea biomass filled different polymers composites were recommended, and the progress of application in particleboard, wood-plastic materials, sound-absorbing materials, rubber based composites, pulp and paper making, wastewater treatment and functional food of polymer composites filled with tea biomass were also overviewed. In addition, the future research of tea biomass resources are pointed out, which includes 1)developing comprehensive and integrated utilization technology of tea biomass; 2)exploiting the research in flame retardant, electrical, thermal, antibacterial and deodorizing properties of the tea biomass filled resin materials; 3)enhancing the application research in tourism, health preservation, decoration and other fields of the tea biomass filled polymer composites; 4)studying the influence and mechanism of the biochemical components changes of tea biomass on the taste, appearance and health performances of the tea functional foods.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:72
Main heading:Tea
Controlled terms:Acoustic wave absorption - Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Animals - Bakeries - Biomass - Cellulose - Cultivation - Filled polymers - Food processing - Functional food - Oils and fats - Plant life extension - Plants (botany) - Pollution - Pulp materials - Waste management - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Application performance - Biochemical components - Current research status - Environment management - Environmental pollutions - Filled polymer composites - Research and application - Sound absorbing materials
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822 Food Technology - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20205009615700
Title:Changes of material characteristics and pathogens in producing process of recycled manure solids
Title of translation:牛粪再生垫料生产过程中物料特性及致病菌变化
Authors:Du, Yun (1); Wang, Panliu (1); Wang, Binsheng (1); Duan, Na (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2); Zhang, Yuanhui (1, 3); Song, Jiaxi (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environmental Engineering Technology, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL; 61801, United States; (4) Harbin Hua Mei Yi Feng Composite Materials Co., Ltd., Harbin; 150000, China
Corresponding author:Duan, Na(duanna@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:197-203
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The use of Recycled Manure Solids (RMS) as dairy bedding material has become a promising technology with the merits of sustainable manure management and cost saving for purchasing traditional bedding. However, cow dung contains certain amounts of pathogenic bacteria, thus the use of RMS would increase the risk of direct contact of pathogens with cows' udder. Such serious problem has undermined the use of RMS as dairy bedding material. Drum fermentation for the bedding production has many advantages (i.e. high temperature, short time), thereby it is getting more and more attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the stability and biological safety of RMS production process using drum fermentation in different seasons, and to clarify the factors affecting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the dairy cows'mastitis. The drum-type RMS producing system employed was composed of a two-stage solid-liquid separator, a horizontal-rotation drum fermentation tank, as well as feeding and discharging components. The automatic control system monitored equipment operation and temperature changes in real time. The drum temperature was obtained by the temperature sensors installed on the inner wall of the drum including inlet, center, and outlet. Samplings were performed from the inlet, 1/3, 2/3, and outlet of the drum. The plate culture method was used to detect the main mastitis pathogenic bacteria (i.e., Eschrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella) at different positions within the drum during the summer and winter. At the same time, the physical and chemical properties (water content, pH, total carbon, total nitrogen, ash, particle size distribution, roller temperature) of RMS were also tested. Additionally, the main factors affecting the growth of mastitis pathogens was investigated via Pearson correlation analysis.The results indicated that the fermentation temperature during the production process was stable and maintained above 55 <sup>o</sup>C both in summer and winter, and the final moisture content at the drum outlet was less than 45%. In both seasons, the particle size distribution at different positions of the roller was mainly concentrated at 0.5 to 2.0 mm. With the fermentation process, the large particle size gradually converted to small and medium particle size. The number of mastitis pathogens in summer and winter was highest at the drum inlet, and gradually decreased at higher fermentation temperature. At 1/3 of the drum, the number of major mastitis pathogens was significantly reduced. Streptococcus. and Klebsiella. were not detected at the drum outlet in both seasons. However, the number of Eschrichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at the outlet of the drum in summer was higher than that in winter. It may be related to the moisture content of the cow dung at the inlet of the drum. Therefore, the moisture content of the inlet of the drum should be strictly controlled between 50% and 65%. Using the Pearson correlation analysis, it was found that the major factor affecting main mastitis pathogen was drum temperature, followed by total carbon. From the security point of view, RMS should be used immediately after production to avoid environmental impacts. The results found in this study can provide deep insight for the application of drum fermentation technology to produce safer RMS.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Particle size analysis
Controlled terms:Automation - Bacteria - Carbon - Correlation methods - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Horizontal wells - Light transmission - Manures - Moisture - Moisture determination - Particle size - Pathogens - pH - Process control - Recycling - Rollers (machine components) - Size distribution - Staphylococcus aureus
Uncontrolled terms:Fermentation technologies - Fermentation temperature - Final moisture content - Large particle sizes - Material characteristics - Pearson correlation analysis - Physical and chemical properties - Solid-liquid separators
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 461.9 Biology - 512.1.1 Oil Fields - 601.2 Machine Components - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.00e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 6.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20205009615674
Title:Rapid determination of volatile fatty acids in biogas slurry based on near infrared spectroscopy
Title of translation:基于近红外光谱的沼液挥发性脂肪酸含量快速检测
Authors:Liu, Jinming (1, 2, 3); Guo, Kunlin (2); Zhen, Feng (1, 3); Zhang, Hongqiong (1, 4); Li, Wenzhe (1, 4); Xu, Yonghua (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) College of Electrical and Information, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (3) CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (4) Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Technology and Equipment for the Utilization of Agricultural Renewable Resources, Harbin; 150030, China; (5) School of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yonghua(xyhsy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:188-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), serving as important intermediate products in Anaerobic Digestion (AD), have been considered as the key variables in most AD monitoring strategies, as they respond to incoming imbalances, indicating the buffer capacity of digesters to process disturbance and imminent digester failure that caused by sudden operational changes. In order to ensure efficient operation of AD while improve the utilization rate of raw materials, it is necessary to accurately monitor and evaluate the operation state of biogas engineering, via detecting the concentrations of VFA in the process of biogas production with corn stover and animal manure as feedstocks. Previously, the rapid detection models of Acetic Acid (AA), Propionic Acid (PA) and Total Acid (TA) in biogas slurry have been constructed, using the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) technique combined with the Partial Least Squares (PLS), aiming to overcome the time consuming and high-cost in the traditional chemical analysis method. However, a prediction model can trigger the high complexity and low accuracy, due to the spectroscopic data generally includes quantities of invalid redundant information. In this study, an integrated algorithm was presented, based on the Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS) and genetic simulated annealing algorithm (GSA), to optimize the characteristic wavelength variables of AA, PA, and TA, and thereby to improve the efficiency and precision of NIRS detection models. An AD experiment was carried out with corn stover, pig manure and cow manure as feedstocks, where 155 samples of biogas slurry were collected. The NIRS data of biogas slurry was acquired in a transmittance mode using the Antaris<sup>TM</sup> II FT-NIR spectrophotometer equipped with a quartz cuvette. A Gas Chromatography (GC) system was used to measure the VFA of biogas slurry, where 81 valid data of AA, 78 valid data of PA, and 87 valid data of TA were obtained to establish the regression model. One segment of the spectrum with 95 wavelength points was removed from 4 933.02 to 5 295.57 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 1462 wavelength variables remained, mainly due to the saturation of spectrum can be caused by the strong combination band of -OH from water. The spectral preprocessing methods were selected, according to the mean relative error of calibration set. Correspondingly, the samples were divided into the calibration set and validation set, using Sample Set Portioning based on Joint X-Y Distances (SPXY) algorithm. The number of characteristic wavelength variables for AA, PA, and TA were 135, 101, and 245, respectively. The PLS regression models were established with the characteristic wavelengths of AA, PA, and TA, where the results were the coefficients of multiple determination for prediction is 0.988, root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.111, and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 9.685 for AA, coefficients of multiple determination for prediction is 0.922, RMSEP of 0.120, and RPD of 3.685 for PA, coefficients of multiple determination for prediction is 0.886, RMSEP of 0.727, and RPD of 3.484 for TA. Meanwhile, compared with the whole spectrum model, the RMSEP in the CARS-GSA model decreased by 17.78%, 15.49%, and 1.22%, respectively, showing that the number of wavelengths significantly decreased after the optimization, whereas, the performance of regressive model was obviously higher than that of the whole wavelengths. The results demonstrate that the CARS-GSA model can fulfil the requirement of rapid detection for AA and PA concentrations in biogas slurry during anaerobic fermentation with agricultural waste as feedstocks, while basically meet the detection requirement of TA concentration. The CARS-GSA model also can be used to enhance the forecasting capability of the model, while reduce its complexity. The findings can provide a new way to improve the accuracy and robustness of prediction model, base on optimizing sensitive wavelengths for AA, PA, and TA, further for rapid and accurate measurement of VFA concentrations in biogas slurry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Anaerobic digestion - Ascorbic acid - Biogas - Calibration - Chemical detection - Coherent scattering - Feedstocks - Fertilizers - Forecasting - Gas chromatography - Genetic algorithms - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mammals - Manures - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Predictive analytics - Propionic acid - Regression analysis - Simulated annealing
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Forecasting capability - Genetic simulated annealing algorithms - Partial least square (PLS) - Process disturbances - Root mean squared errors - Sensitive wavelengths - Spectral preprocessing
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.22e+00%, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20205009615706
Title:Simulation design and performance experiment of adsorption block in feeding and positioning mechanism for rootstock
Title of translation:砧木上苗定位机构吸附块仿真设计与性能试验
Authors:Jiang, Kai (1); Zhang, Qian (2); Chen, Liping (1); Guo, Wenzhong (1); Mu, Yanqiu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Beijing Research Center of Information Technology for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) College of Arts and Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Mu, Yanqiu(muyanqiu@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grafting seedling technology of vegetable is very extensive application in worldwide. Currently, the aging of employees and the shortage of employment have posed a great challenge on the seedling production, due to the seedling enterprises previously relied fully on grafting technical workers. Alternatively, a grafting machine can be used to improve the efficiency and quality of grafting seedlings, as well as the standardized and automatic operation. However, an artificial feeding seedling is still in manual in most grafting machines, and thereby to greatly limit the production efficiency, particularly on the popularization and application of grafting seedling technology. Adsorption block generally serves as a feeding and positioning device of a rootstock in a new grafting machine. The simulation test can be used to design the working face profile and structural parameters of adsorption block, further to improve the flexibility and safety of rootstock. It can also greatly shorten the design cycle of adsorption block. In this study, a seedling positioning device of rootstock was designed, based on the principles of air pressing seedling at a positive pressure and adsorption positioning at a negative pressure, in order to rootstock cotyledon damage and petiole splitting during the artificial feeding seedling of grafting machine. The external geometric parameters of cucurbita moschata seedlings and the breakpoint pressure of cotyledon were measured for the structural and working parameters of adsorption block. A point fitting method was used to extract the trajectory equation of cotyledon back development curve, which was used for the profile design of working face in an adsorption block. A finite element model of device was established under the given boundary conditions. A CFD software was selected to dynamically simulate the airflow field inside the adsorption block, thereby to obtain the distribution of flow field in the gas chamber, with emphasis on the influence of various factors on the adsorption force of rootstock cotyledon. A simulation orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal structural parameters of adsorbent block. The influence of various factors on the average suction was ranked in order, the outlet negative pressure, diameter, depth. When the negative pressure at the outlet of adsorption block was 3kPa, the pore diameter was 1 mm, and the depth of suction hole was 4 mm, the pressure of 21 suction holes was less than the rupture point pressure of cucurbita moschata cotyledon, indicating that the adsorption block showed a good adsorption and localization ability for cotyledon. In the feeding seedling test, the adsorption success rate of cucurbita moschata cotyledon was 96.67%, the success rate of pressing seedling was 99.33%, the comprehensive feeding success rate of seedling was 96.03%, and the seedling injury rate was only 0.67%. The performance of device can fully meet the requirements of automatic feeding seedling for a grafting machine. The failure of cotyledon adsorption can be attributed to the inaccurate control of cotyledon direction and feeding seedling height, as well as the petiole splitting caused by relatively small cotyledon angle. The findings can provide a sound theoretical basis and design reference for automatic feeding seedling of grafting machine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Adsorption
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Curve fitting - Efficiency - Feeding - Grafting (chemical) - Nutrition - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Performance experiment - Performance of devices - Positioning devices - Production efficiency - Seedling production - Structural parameter - Trajectory equation - Working parameters
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.70e-01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Percentage 9.93e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+03Pa, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20205009604994
Title:Design and experiment of pre-soil-breaking chisel-type subsoilers for banana field in hot areas of Hainan Province, China
Title of translation:海南热区香蕉地预破土凿式深松机设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Xirui (1); Zhang, Rui (1); Ru, Shaofeng (1); Zhang, Xiumei (1); Li, Yue (1); Liang, Dong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China
Corresponding author:Ru, Shaofeng(ru.shaofeng@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:49-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As one of the fruits widely planted in tropical areas, banana occupies an important position in the world fruit trade market. At present, in order to increase banana yield and improve banana quality, banana planting mostly adopts the "one in two years" mode. The operation times of agricultural machinery greatly increased because the short cycle banana planting mode combined with the traditional banana field tillage and rotary tillage mode, which results in the continuous compaction and formation of plough bottom under the soil tillage layer of banana field, then the soil surface roughness reduce. Rainwater is difficult to penetrate into the soil to form surface runoff and take away a large amount of surface soil and organic matter, affecting the growth of banana trees and banana production. Traditional subsoiling machines and tools generally have problems such as high work resistance, high energy consumption and low efficiency. At present, due to the regional characteristics of banana planting, the development and research of special subsoiler for banana field is still relatively weak, which seriously restricts the popularization and application of subsoiling technology in tropical agricultural areas. Firstly, the subsoiling method of the whole machine was determined in this study, and the three-dimensional model of the pre-soil-breaking chisel-type subsoiler was established. Based on the research of interval subsoiling method and inclined handle subsoiling mechanism, the structure of subsoiling shovel assembly, soil breaking disc and other key components were designed, and the force of subsoiling shovel tip and shaft was analyzed to ensure the working stability. At the same time, field experiments were carried out to determine the soil firmness and soil bulk density after subsoiling, and the factors that had significant effect on soil firmness and soil bulk density were determined, that was, working speed, subsoiling depth and penetration depth of soil breaking disc. Moreover, the second-order regression model of response value and significant parameters were obtained by taking soil firmness and soil bulk density as response values, and the optimal parameter combination was obtained by optimizing the significant parameters. The Box-Behnken test design was used to determine the optimal values of three significant factors: the working speed of the machine was 1.15 m/s, the subsoiling depth was 350 mm, and the penetration depth of the disc was 250 mm. The soil firmness was 734 Pa, the soil bulk density was 1.42 g/cm<sup>3</sup> under the given optimized parameters. Furthermore, the verified test was carried out and the results showed that the error of soil firmness and the soil bulk density between the test value and the theoretical value were 2.4% and 4.2% respectively. Finally, the comparative results between the existing traditional subsoiling machines and pre-soil-breaking chisel-type subsoiler showed that the soil firmness of the developed pre breaking chisel subsoiler reduced by 6.39% and the soil bulk density decreased by 9.76%. which indicated that the pre-soil-breaking chisel-type subsoiler was more suitable for the subsoiling operation of banana field in Hainan hot area. The design of the machine can promote of subsoiling technology in tropical area of Hainan and supply references for application.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Commerce - Cultivation - Disks (machine components) - Energy utilization - Fruits - Regression analysis - Shovels - Surface roughness - Tools - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:High energy consumption - Optimal parameter combinations - Optimized parameter - Regional characteristics - Second-order regression model - Soil surface roughness - Three-dimensional model - Working stabilities
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.42e+03kg/m3, Percentage 2.40e+00%, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 6.39e+00%, Percentage 9.76e+00%, Pressure 7.34e+02Pa, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m, Velocity 1.15e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20205009618478
Title:Effects of pre-freezing on the drying characteristics and quality parameters of freeze drying apple slices
Title of translation:预冻对苹果片真空冷冻干燥特性及品质的影响
Authors:Ma, Youchuan (1, 2); Bi, Jinfeng (1, 2); Yi, Jianyong (1, 2); Du, Qianqian (1, 2); Feng, Shuhan (1, 2); Li, Suobin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Science and Technology, CAAS, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Jiangsu BLK Refrigeration Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changzhou; 213116, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Jianyong(yijianyong515@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:241-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vacuum freeze-drying food has become a commonly found product in worldwide, due to its low moisture content, long shelf life, reduced wrinkles, and less loss of nutrients. But the great challenge to produce vacuum freeze-drying fruits can be related to the long drying time, high energy consumption, and low crispness. Pre-freezing process is an important procedure of vacuum freeze drying, where the freezing rate usually determines the quality and drying characteristic of vacuum freeze-drying (FD) products. Freeze-thaw cycles (FTC) are generally used as a pretreatment method to control the drying efficiency and product quality. In this study, three freezing temperature (-20℃, -80℃, liquid nitrogen freezing) and 1-3times freeze-thaw pretreatment (FTC-1, FTC-2, FTC-3) were adopted in apple slices drying, in order to explore the influence of freezing rate and freeze-thaw treatment (FTC) on the drying characteristics and quality of FD apple chips. An investigation was also made to explore the effect of freeze treatment on the freezing and drying characteristics, microstructure, color, hardness, crispness, and nutritional quality, in the FD apple chips. The results showed that the freezing rate increased with the decrease of freezing temperature and the increase of FTC times. In drying characteristics, the Page model can better represent the drying process of apple chips with various temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles. The freeze-thaw treatment significantly increased the drying rate of apple slices, while reduced the time to reach the maximum drying rate. Compared with the fast freezing (-80℃), the drying time of apple slices was 5% shorter than that in the slow freezing (-20℃), and the crispness increased 50.1%. Compared with the -20℃ pre-freezing group, the apple crisps treated by FTC-1 showed a more uniform pore structure, with the 37.2% increase in pore volume, 15.3% reduction in FD drying time, 14.6% reduction in drying energy, and 117.6% increase in crispness. In phenolic compounds, there was no significant effect of pre-freezing temperatures on the phenolic compounds, whereas, the freeze-thaw treatment significantly affected the content of main phenolic compounds in apple chips. Specifically, the content of main phenolic compounds remained low, as the increasing time in the pretreated FTC. The total retention rate of phenol was 77.65% in freeze-dried apple chips, and that in the FTC-1 was 45.2%. There was no significant effect of pre-freezing temperature on the total content of soluble sugar and titratable acid. Although the freeze-thaw treatment can lead to the loss of some juice, the total content of soluble sugar and titratable acid decreased slightly. The sensory evaluation results showed that there were adverse effects of freeze-thaw treatment on the appearance and smell, with the decrease of smoke sensation and stickiness in the freeze-dried apple chips. Considering the quality of products and drying energy consumption, the FTC-1 treatment can be used as the optimal process to control the quality of vacuum freeze-dried apple chips. The freezing rate and freeze-thaw treatment can serve as the sensory quality control, to save the drying time and energy consumption for the production of vacuum freeze-dried fruit and vegetable crisp slices.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Freezing
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Finite difference method - Fruits - Liquefied gases - Low temperature drying - Phenols - Pore structure - Process control - Smoke - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Drying characteristics - Drying energy consumption - Freezing temperatures - High energy consumption - Nutritional qualities - Pretreatment methods - Uniform pore structures - Vacuum-freeze drying
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.18e+02%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.53e+01%, Percentage 3.72e+01%, Percentage 4.52e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.01e+01%, Percentage 7.77e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20205009615670
Title:Tensile properties of foxtail millet leaf sheath, leaf and leaf collar
Title of translation:谷子茎秆叶鞘叶片及其结合部位的拉伸力学性能
Authors:Li, Hongbo (1); Xue, Jinxia (1); Wang, Bingxuan (1); Zhang, Yanqing (1); Wu, Xinhui (1); Li, Xiaobin (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Yang, Zuomei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Millet stalk has high strength and toughness, and is not easy to break. The mature millet has thin stalk wall, long leaves and heavy ear head, which is easy to bend in the internode of ear head and entangle easily during harvest. In order to solve the problem that the stalks and leaves are easy to wind in the process of mechanical harvesting of millet, Jingu 21 and zhangza 10 were chosen as the testing objects, tensile properties of stalks, leaf sheaths, leaves and leaf collars at different internode locations were tested. The test data were analyzed by SAS statistics software. The variation laws of mechanical parameters along stalks, such as elastic modulus, strength and tension resistance, were investigated. The results showed that at the bottom and top internode locations, elastic modulus, strength and tension resistance for both of the two species were significant differences(P<0.05). It was found that at 3 height locations along the stalk(bottom, middle, top) of Jingu 21, the elastic modulus was 4.15-6.64 GPa, the tensile strength was 67.65-130.13 MPa, and the tensile resistance was 343.97-1 598.37 N. While for the stalks of Zhangza 10, the elastic modulus was 4.54-7.98 GPa, the tensile strength was 73.22-136.50 MPa, and the tensile resistance was 167.66-567.54 N. The influence of internode and locations(leaf sheaths, leaves and leaf collars) on the tensile strength and tensile resistance were highly significant(P<0.01). The mean tensile strength of leaf sheathes, leaves and leaf collars on the upper half of Jingu 21 was 13.30, 10.13 and 4.18 MPa, and the mean tensile resistance was 122.16, 41.23 and 25.80 N, respectively. Whereas for Zhangza 10, the mean tensile strength of leaf sheathes, leaves and leaf collars was 13.30, 11.77 and 4.24 MPa, and the mean tensile resistance was 104.30, 59.48 and 22.87 N, respectively. The results showed that the connected collar was the weakest part to separate the leaf from stalk. In the mechanical harvesting of millet, stalk leaf separation should be carried out at the leaf collars position between the upper half of stalk and below the second internode of earhead, and the application range of force should be controlled within 20-25 N. The results can provide basis for the design and optimization of foxtail millet harvesting equipments.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Tensile strength
Controlled terms:Elastic moduli - Harvesting - Location - Software testing - Tensile testing
Uncontrolled terms:Application range - Design and optimization - Foxtail millet - High strength and toughness - Long leaves - Mechanical parameters - Statistics software - Tensile resistance
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.68e+02N to 5.68e+02N, Force 2.00e+01N to 2.50e+01N, Force 2.29e+01N, Force 2.58e+01N, Force 4.12e+01N, Force 5.95e+01N, Force 5.98e+02N, Pressure 1.01e+07Pa, Pressure 1.18e+07Pa, Pressure 4.15e+09Pa to 6.64e+09Pa, Pressure 4.18e+06Pa, Pressure 4.24e+06Pa, Pressure 4.54e+09Pa to 7.98e+09Pa, Pressure 6.76e+07Pa to 1.30e+08Pa, Pressure 7.32e+07Pa to 1.36e+08Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20205009615664
Title:Design and test of electrolytic water oxygen increasing device for small transport box of living aquatic products
Title of translation:小型活体水产运输箱电解水增氧装置设计与试验
Authors:Mo, Jiasi (1); Yan, Guoqi (1); Xia, Junjie (1); Jin, Mohui (1); Wei, Dexian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Guoqi(ygq1978@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:26-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fresh aquatic products are more and more favored by the market, with the continuous expansion of aquatic trade, living aquatic transportation becomes more and more important. How to improve the survival rate of living aquatic transportation and reduce the cost of living aquatic transportation is an urgent problem to be solved. To ensure the survival of aquatic transport process, it is necessary to maintain the original aquatic survival environment, such as pressure, water quality, dissolved oxygen degree and so on. The dissolved oxygen degree is the key parameter for the survival of aquatic products, then the oxygen increasing device becomes the key technology for small transport box. In order to develop a transportation device for living aquatic products that can continuously increase oxygen, consume less power, have small size, use flexibly and conveniently, a electrolytic water oxygen increasing device was designed for small living aquatic products transportation box. Firstly, a stable constant flow field needed to be created between positive and negative electrodes in the pipeline. Therefore, the structure of transport box and oxygen increasing device were designed, and the structure in the electrolytic water oxygen increasing device which can generate steady and uniform flow field was designed by computational fluid dynamics simulation software. The structural parameters of the flow straightening unit were design with different variables. The control variable method was used to determine range of the parameter, that is, the three variables were respectively controlled unchanged and the other variable was adjusted from small to large for the simulation test. The parameters selection via simulation results was convenient for efficient exchange of water and oxygen. Then, hypoxic water was prepared and the initial oxygen-solubility of hypoxic water was tested by a dissolved oxygen meter. The concrete experimental method was that the electrolytic water oxygen increasing device was placed at the bottom of the sealed box and seal the box body, then adjusting the electrolytic voltage and circulating pump flow rate and recording the dissolved oxygen degree, electrolytic voltage and electrolytic current every 5 minutes until the dissolved oxygen degree of the water reaches 100%. Surface of the relation between oxygen increasing rate and electrolytic voltage under different flow rate were drawn, and the influences of the bivariate of electrolytic voltage and water exchange flow rate were explored. The test results indicated that the lowest total energy consumption was 39.39 kJ when the electrolytic voltage was 37 V and the water exchange flow rate was 6.97×10<sup>-5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/s for the box volume of 8×10<sup>-3</sup> m<sup>3</sup> using direct current electrolysis. In the process of ensuring continuous oxygen increasing, three working modes as follows could be realized through controlling the electrolytic voltage and water exchange flow rate. Maximum water exchange flow rate and electrolytic voltage could realize rapid oxygen increasing mode of large amount of oxygen bubble overflow; The local saturation oxygen increasing rate state parameter was adopted to realize the bubble-free oxygen increasing mode; When there was only a small amount of aquatic products or standby, the lowest combined parameter of energy consumption was adopted to realize the low energy consumption mode. The design method and test results for the electrolytic water oxygen increasing device in this study can provide a basis for the application of electrolytic water oxygen increasing method in living aquatic transportation and aquaculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Commerce - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer software - Dissolution - Energy utilization - Flow fields - Flow rate - Product design - Slip forming - Transport properties - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Computational fluid dynamics simulations - Electrolytic current - Experimental methods - Low energy consumption - Parameters selection - Structural parameter - Survival environment - Total energy consumption
Classification code:412 Concrete - 445.2 Water Analysis - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Energy 3.94e+04J, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Time 3.00e+02s, Voltage 3.70e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20205009615686
Title:Research status on particulate reduction technology in livestock houses
Title of translation:畜舍颗粒物减排技术研究现状
Authors:Wang, Kaiying (1); Wu, Jiegang (1); Mei, Weida (1); Wang, Xiaoshuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Bio-Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:204-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of large-scale intensive animal husbandry, a large amount of Particulate Matter (PM) originated from livestock houses has become an important source of atmospheric particles PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf>. The dust of the livestock houses mainly originates from the feed, manure, dander, hair, etc., and carries various types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. No doubt that livestock related PM can seriously threaten not only the health of livestock farm workers and animals, but also the surrounding atmospheric environment. Applicable technologies of PM emission reduction are the important methods to maintain the comfortable indoor air quality as well as the ambient environment. This review firstly overviewed the emission sources, characteristics, and hazards of PM in livestock houses. Then, major focuses were put into the research status and problems of state-of-the-art reduction technologies of PM in livestock houses. In this part, the reduction technologies were classified into three groups: source reduction methods, process reduction methods, and terminal reduction methods. According to literature review, the source control of PM in livestock houses was generally done by changing either the form of feed or adding feed additives (e.g., animal fat, tallow). Source emission reduction included optimization of feed, manure removal technology, and breeding mode, etc. However, reports showed that both modification of feed form and usage of feed additives might negative affect the growth of animals, and affect animal welfare to a certain extent. Process control includes spray technology, optimization of ventilation system, and electrostatic precipitator technology, which were designed to reduce the particulate matter suspended in the barn air. The spray technology was relatively mature, low in cost, and high in efficiency. But it was easy to breed bacteria, which affected the health of animals, and it was also not suitable for low temperature season. Dust removal via ventilation was the most widely used and efficient way for removing PM in livestock houses, and requirements of ventilation and dust reduction in livestock houses should be taken into comprehensive consideration. Electrostatic precipitator technology was divided into three categories: Electrostatic Space Charge System (ESCS), Dry Electrostatic Precipitator (DESP), and Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) according to different structures, which had no interference to humans and animals, but their efficiency were needed to be further optimized. Terminal control included scrubber technology and filter technology, aiming to reduce the harm to the ambient environment. Scrubber technology could effectively remove multiple pollutants in the air by means of chemical and biological methods, but such equipments were more susceptible to corrosion. Filter technology was a cheap method and had a good dust-reducing performance on large particles. However, it was easy to clog, resulting in an increased air resistance and decreased efficiency of dust reduction. By comparing and analyzing the research status of various emission reduction technologies, hopefully, it could serve as a reference for the future development of high-efficiency, energy-saving, economical, and environment-friendly reduction technologies of particulate matter in livestock houses.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:79
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Additives - Air quality - Ammonia - Animals - Atmospheric chemistry - Bacteria - Dust control - Electrostatic precipitators - Electrostatics - Emission control - Energy conservation - Fertilizers - Houses - Hydrogen sulfide - Indoor air pollution - Manures - Particles (particulate matter) - Particulate emissions - Pollution induced corrosion - Process control - Scrubbers - Sulfur compounds - Temperature - Ventilation - Viruses
Uncontrolled terms:Ambient environment - Atmospheric environment - Atmospheric particles - Chemical and biologicals - Different structure - Environment friendly - Reduction technologies - Wet electrostatic precipitators
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451 Air Pollution - 461.9 Biology - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20205009615691
Title:Kinetic simulation of amino acid metabolism of butanol produced from the fermentation of corn steep liquor
Title of translation:玉米浆发酵产生物丁醇的氨基酸代谢动力学模拟
Authors:Zhao, Xinhe (1, 2, 3); He, Zhuangzhuang (1); Zhao, Yubin (4); Ma, Chengye (1); Ren, Xiaojie (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Kaolin Latridge International Research Center for Microbial Lipids, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (3) Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing; 401123, China; (4) Luzhou Bio-chem Technology Limited, Linyi; 276400, China
Corresponding author:Ren, Xiaojie(renxiaojie2020@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:263-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to investigate the dynamic process of amino acid metabolism in the Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentation of biobutanol. In a production strategy, a type of cheap nitrogen source, such as amino acid in the Corn Steep Liquor (CSL), can be used to produce butanol from Clostridium acetobutylicum. The efficient and cheap nitrogen source is seeking for butanol production to reduce the production cost of fermentation. In this study, a high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial diversity in CSL, based on the dynamic model of carbon metabolism for ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) produce by Clostridium acetobutylicum. A model of amino acid metabolism was constructed, using the metabolism network of amino acid, chemical reaction flux dynamics, and mass balance measurement. 15 amino acids were selected to simulate the metabolism process in ABE fermentation, using xylose as a carbon source. A redundancy analysis was conducted to establish the correlation between amino acid metabolism, the biomass of Clostridium acetobutylicum, and the synthesis of ABE. The predict model was achieved for the consumption process of amino acid in the CSL fermentation in an actual production. The results showed that the Clostridium accounted for 68.76% of the total number of bacteria, indicating the dominant bacterial group in the CSL. The prediction results showed that the gene function of original bacteria was mainly focused on the transformation of carbon and nitrogen sources in the CSL. The optimal parameter correction demonstrated that the simulated values were in good agreement with the experimental ones, indicating that the proposed model can accurately reveal the dynamic metabolic process of amino acid under the utilization by acetobutylicum. Both experimental and simulation results indicated that 11 amino acids (phenylalanine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, valine, tyrosine, glycine, serine, arginine, asparagine) were rapidly consumed for cell growth and solvent generation during the cultivation process, whereas 3 amino acids (proline, histamine, aspartic acid) remained stable, particularly that the glutamine accumulation was detected during fermentation. In addition, the metabolism of sugar and amino acid can be beneficial to the cell growth in the early stage, but not to the butanol synthesis. Correlation analysis results showed that five types of amino acids (serine, asparagine, glycine, leucine, and valine) were closely related to the fermentation products and biomass accumulation. The correlation sequence was serine, glycine, leucine, valine, asparagine in order from the largest to the smallest. A high consumption rate was obtained for valine, glycine, and serine during the fermentation process, indicating a nutrient limiting factor in the later stage of fermentation. A fully consumption was found in the predicted values of valine, glycine, and serine in the fermentation of CSL, indicating that the C. acetobutylicum had the highest utilization rate of three amino acids. Therefore, amino acids can be expected to add in the late period of fermentation, to avoid the deficiency of nutrient limiting factors. The CSL can also serve as the dominant nitrogen source of butanol fermentation by Clostridium The findings can provide a sound theoretical reference and data support for the amino acid metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum, and for the subsequent utilization and optimization of CSL as a promising nitrogen source to produce biobutanol.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Amino acids
Controlled terms:Acetone - Carbon - Cell growth - Cell proliferation - Clostridium - Ecology - Fermentation - Growth kinetics - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Nutrients
Uncontrolled terms:Acetone butanol ethanols - Amino acid metabolism - Biomass accumulation - Clostridium acetobutylicum - Correlation analysis - Fermentation process - Fermentation products - High-throughput sequencing
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20205009615643
Title:Preparation of polyacrylamide/montmorillonite infiltrating irrigation material and field test of its water conducting performance
Title of translation:聚丙烯酰胺/蒙脱土渗灌材料制备及其导水性能野外试验
Authors:Qu, Yongping (1, 2); Zhang, Zengzhi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan; 030051, China; (2) Research Institute of Mineral Functional Materials, North University of China, Taiyuan; 030051, China; (3) Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Materials, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:144-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the characteristics of micro water requirement of psammophytes, a kind of infiltrating irrigation composite material was prepared by using Polyacrylamide (PAM) and Montmorillonite (MMT). An infiltrating irrigation system was then designed based on the composite material. The film-forming properties of the composite water conducting materials with different proportions of PAM and MMT were observed and analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope, and water absorption performance and water release performance of the material were tested in air and sand. The composite water conducting materials were made into an infiltrating irrigation emitter, and the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation head was studied. On this basis, an infiltration irrigation system was designed, and then water transmission performance of the infiltration irrigation system was studied. A field test of infiltrating irrigation system in Ulan Buhe desert was carried out. The self-regulation mechanism of composite material was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrum analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the best mass ratio of PAM to MMT was 0.25. The material had good coating uniformity on the fiber surface. The water absorption test showed that, in the first 40 min, the water absorption increased rapidly. From 40 to 120 min, the water absorption continued to increase, but the water absorption rate began to decrease gradually. After 120 min, the water absorption amount changed little, and the water absorption rate almost dropped to 0. The water absorption amount was 30.2 g/g at 150 min. In air, the composite released water rapidly in the first 50 minutes, and then kept stable until 140 minutes, reaching 24.2 g/g. The water release rate in dry sand was slightly higher than it in air. The water release reached 28.5 g/g. The water conducting test of infiltrating irrigation emitter showed that the soil moisture content was 13% after the water diversion was stable, indicating that the soil moisture content could meet the growth needs of Cistanche deserticola. The water conducting tests of infiltrating irrigation showed that the effluent rate of irrigating system gradually decreased within 24 h, and the initial effluent rate reached 52 mL/h, and then decreased rapidly to 21 mL/h at 6 h. The effluent rate began to slow down and tend to be stable, and the effluent rate was 7 mL/h at 24 h. The water conducting curve of infiltrating irrigation system within 7 days showed that the water conducting rate was 420 mL/d on the first day, and then kept stable at about 160 mL/d. In the three dry and wet cycles, the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system was 420 mL/d in the first day, and 165 mL/h in the second to third day. The results showed that when the external soil moisture was low, the hydraulic conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system was faster (about 420 mL/d), and with the water conduction, the external soil moisture gradually increased, and the water conducting rate of the infiltrating irrigation system decreased and remained stable. When the soil moisture decreased again, the water conductivity of the infiltrating irrigation system would increase again. So the dry and wet alternating test showed that it could self-regulate the water conducting rate according to the soil moisture, and the inoculation rate of Cistanche deserticola improved from 23% to 86%. The infrared spectrum analysis results showed that the lamellar structure of MMT had not been destroyed, and PAM was connected to MMT by intercalation effect. X-ray diffractometer analysis results showed that the laminar spacing of MMT increased from 1.21 to 1.45 nm after intercalation reactions. The microscopic analysis showed that the water conducting materials mainly relied on the interaction between PAM and MMT to transfer water. When the soil moisture was low, the moisture content of the water conducting materials near the soil side decreased and was in a relatively dry state, and the MMT particles aggregated to form a rapid water conducting channel. When the external soil moisture was high, the moisture content of the water conducting material near the soil side was also high, and it was in the state of water absorption and swelling. The water conducting channel of montmorillonite was cut off, and the water conducting rate dropped rapidly so as to realize the self-regulation of the water conducting rate of the composite material. The results could provide information for the application of seepage irrigation materials.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Clay minerals - Composite materials - Deregulation - Effluents - Flood control - Irrigation - Lamellar structures - Moisture determination - Scanning electron microscopy - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Spectrum analyzers - Swelling - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption performance - Cistanche deserticola - Conducting performance - Film-forming properties - Infrared spectrum analyzer - Intercalation reaction - Self-regulation mechanisms - Water absorption rates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 442.1 Flood Control - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01% to 8.60e+01%, Size 1.21e-09m to 1.45e-09m, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 2.40e+03s to 7.20e+03s, Time 3.00e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s, Time 8.40e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s, Time 9.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.018
Funding details: Number: -, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2016(3): 208-212. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20205009615709
Title:Identification and optimal regulation of the production-living-ecological space based on quantitative land use functions
Title of translation:基于土地利用功能测度的"三生"空间识别与优化调控
Authors:Ji, Zhengxin (1, 2); Liu, Chao (3); Xu, Yueqing (1, 2); Huang, An (1, 2); Lu, Longhui (1, 2); Duan, Yaming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Public Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yueqing(xmoonq@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:222-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Territorial spaces are generally multifunctional, including production, living and ecological functions. Delimiting scientifically Production-Living-Ecological space (PLE) has become essential to identify and estimate the functions of land use, particularly for the planning and administration system in the sustainable development strategy of modern agriculture. In this study, taking the city of Zhangjiakou as a research object, an evaluation system was established for the value of land use functions, with emphasis on an integrated perspective of production suitability, living suitability, and ecological importance. A 1 km×1 km grid cell can be used to integrate the multi-source data from the land use, remote sensing, soil, hydrology, and socio-economic statistics. The evaluation methods were mostly associated with the environmental and ecological economics. Three classifications were divided according to the value of production, living and ecological function. 25 types of function composite patterns in the PLE space were achieved, using the natural breakpoint method, the spatial overlay analysis, and the arrayed rule in combinatorics. The results indicated that: 1) The PLE space in Zhangjiakou city covered 9 functional composite patterns, in addition to the uniform space of production-living-ecological, where the proportion of the space dominated by ecological function was the maximum, 42.50%, the space dominated by living function was the second, 5.6%, and the space dominated by production function was the minimum, 2.81%. It indicated that maintaining ecological stability was the main mission of the land use function in the current stage of social and economic development in Zhangjiakou. More than 80% of the space showed all three PLE functions, indicating that there was very significant versatility in this case. 2) There was obvious spatial consistency between the space dominated by production function and that by living function, while, there was obvious spatial complementarity between the spaces dominated by ecological function. Specifically, the spatial consistency was mainly distributed in the Yanghe river valley basin, Sanggan river basin and Huliu river basin, whereas, the spatial complementarity was mainly distributed in the mountain of Yanshan and Taihang in the east of the study area. The function of composite patterns was found with the prominent diversity in spatial distribution, showing a "local agglomeration, global dispersion" spatial features. In the same function combination, the spatial aggregation was higher, but lower in the different function combination. It infers that there was a relatively strong ability for the integration and complementarity between the same functional combination modes, whereas, there can be fierce conflicts and contradictions in regional land use, particularly on the different functional combination modes. 3) Five types can be divided during the optimization of partition of PLE, including the comprehensive improvement zone, ecological conservation zone, main production-living and ecological improvement zone, main living-production ecological improvement zone, and balanced production and life-ecological improvement zone. The coordinated development of functions in PLE can be realized for the space dominated by production function, and by living function, whereas, the ecological conservation as the primary goal can be served as the main mission in the space dominated by ecological function for the sustainable development strategy.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Function evaluation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Ecology - Economics - Land use - Remote sensing - Rivers - Strategic planning - Sustainable development - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Administration system - Ecological conservation - Ecological economics - Ecological improvement - Ecological stability - Functional composites - Land use , remote sensing - Social and economic development
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 912.2 Management - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.81e+00%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20205009618422
Title:Performance analysis and test of valve-regulated proportional fertilization pumps
Title of translation:阀门调节式比例施肥泵性能分析与试验
Authors:Li, Hong (1); Zhang, Qiankun (1); Tang, Pan (1); Sun, Caizhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:34-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The valve-regulated proportional fertilization pump (proportional pump for short) is a kind of fertilization equipment with excellent performance, but it can't be widely used due to complicated structure and high manufacturing requirements. At present, most of proportional pumps sold in domestic market are imported from developed countries, and due to the complex structure and difficult production, most of the proportional pumps produced in China are mainly imitated. Meanwhile, there are many researches on the proportional pump in China, but its structure is still complex and price is still expensive. Therefore, it is very meaningful to study the performance of a proportional pump with high precision and simple structure. Firstly, in this study, a simple structured valve-regulated proportional fertilization pump was introduced. This proportional pump does not require an external driving device, taking advantage of water pressure to cause a pressure difference between the two sides of driving piston, driving the piston moving periodically and making use of the reversing mechanism to realize travel conversion, so that the driving piston periodically reciprocates and drives the fertilizer injection piston fixed on it. It can switch between irrigation mode and irrigation and fertilization mode by adjusting the three-way valve. Secondly, the internal structure, main performance parameters and principle of valve-regulated proportional fertilization pump were analyzed comprehensively. Furthermore, in order to verify its hydraulic performance, tests were carried out. Energy conversion efficiency, fertilization ratio, and fertilization ratio stability were taken as the main performance indicators. The results showed that when the pressure difference between inlet and outlet was constant, the inlet flow rate decreased firstly and then increased with the three-way valve angle of the proportional pump increased, showing same trend under all pressure differences between inlet and outlet. The main reason for this trend was that the inlet flow cross section of the three-way valve decreased first and then increased, reaching the minimum when the three-way valve angle was 40°-45°. At the same time, since the three -way valve angle was between 15 ° and 75 °, the energy loss was caused by mechanical mechanism, so the curve of relationship between three-way valve angle and inlet flow under different pressure differences between inlet and outlet was basically symmetrical about 45 °. The fertilization ratio of the proportional pump was proportional to the horizontal split ratio of the three-way valve, and the fertilization ratio could achieve continuous changes in the range from 0.07% to 0.35%. The fertilization ratio gradually decreased as the pressure difference between inlet and outlet increased. The theoretical calculation value of the fertilization ratio was 0.36% when all incoming flows passed through the proportional pump, but the data obtained under different pressure conditions in the experiment were less than it. As the pressure difference between inlet and outlet increased, the fertilization ratio gradually decreased. Because as the pressure increased, the frequency of fertilizer injection piston movement increased, but the efficiency of fertilizer injection gradually decreased, that is to say, fertilizer injection insufficiency was more serious at this moment. The energy conversion efficiency increased with the increase of the pressure difference between inlet and outlet. The fertilization ratio stability of the proportional pump was 95.91%, which indicated that the fertilization ratio of proportional pump under different pressure differences between inlet and outlet was relatively stable. In the future, researches on the principle of the three-way valve adjusting the fertilization ratio need to be developed further. Firstly, its structure should be improved to reduce difficulty and improve accuracy of its control; secondly, carrying out research on structural optimization can improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce energy loss; thirdly, increasing the adjustment range of the fertilizer ratio can be realized by increasing the diameter of the fertilizer suction chamber to meet the needs of different crops; last but not the least, strengthening the sealing design will improve the withstand voltage range and volume efficiency of the pump body.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Conversion efficiency
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Energy dissipation - Energy efficiency - Fertilizers - High pressure effects - Inlet flow - Irrigation - Pistons - Pumps - Structural optimization - Valves (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Complicated structures - Hydraulic performance - Mechanical mechanisms - Performance analysis - Performance indicators - Performance parameters - Pressure differences - Theoretical calculations
Classification code:525 Energy Management and Conversion - 601.2 Machine Components - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.60e-01%, Percentage 7.00e-02% to 3.50e-01%, Percentage 9.59e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20205009615696
Title:Real-time semantic segmentation of farmland at night using infrared thermal imaging
Title of translation:基于红外热成像的夜间农田实时语义分割
Authors:Yi, Shi (1); Li, Junjie (1); Jia, Yong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, College of Cyber Security, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In intelligent agricultural machinery, automatic navigation, and visual perception technology have been developed rapidly in recent years, and they also play a vital role in intelligent modern agriculture. Therefore, real-time semantic segmentation of farmland environment become an important part of visual environment perception in the intelligent agricultural machinery. The visible light sensing equipment is mainly used for image collection. However, particularly in the dark environment at night, the deficient imaging effect of visible light cameras can result in a decrease in the accuracy of semantic segmentation. Infrared thermal imaging can offer an alternatively way in this case, due to this technology uses the temperature difference of the object for imaging, rather than the light source. Therefore, the infrared thermal imaging can be used to clearly capture the image in the dark night, rain, mist, smoke, and other visible light sensing equipment that is not suitable. In this study, a method for real-time semantic segmentation of infrared images of farmland environment at night was proposed using the infrared thermal imaging system. An infrared real-time bilateral semantic segmentation network (IR-BiSeNet) was also addressed suitable for infrared images, in order to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of infrared image semantic segmentation in the farmland environment at night. According to the characteristics of low resolution and fuzzy details of infrared images, the network was improved based on the BiSeNet structure, and the low-level features of infrared images were further integrated in its spatial path. In the network, the global maximum pooling layer was used to replace the global average pooling layer in the attention enhancement and the feature fusion module, in order to preserve the texture details of infrared image. The infrared farmland data was collected by the infrared thermal imaging to create a dataset at night, thereby to train a semantic segmentation model suitable for the farmland environment in this case. The segmentation targets of dataset included the fields, pedestrians, plants, obstacles, backgrounds, using the data augmentation to produce the dataset of infrared night farmland. Five representative semantic segmentation methods were selected to verify the proposed method, including BiSeNet, DenseASPP, DeeplabV3+, DFANet, and CGNet. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can achieved the mean intersection over union of 85.1%, and the processing speed of 40 frames/s. The method proposed in this study can be used the infrared thermal imaging to perform real-time farmland environment semantic segmentation at night, which can greatly improve the visual perception of intelligent agricultural machinery at night.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Farms - Image enhancement - Infrared imaging - Light - Light sources - Semantics - Smoke - Textures - Vision
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic navigation - Infrared thermal imaging - Infrared thermal imaging systems - Modern agricultures - Real time performance - Semantic segmentation - Temperature differences - Visual environments
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 746 Imaging Techniques - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.51e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20205009615694
Title:Spatial variation and regional type division of rural poverty in typical karst areas from the perspective of multi-dimensional poverty
Title of translation:多维贫困视角下喀斯特区贫困乡村空间分异与地域类型划分
Authors:Zhao, Rong (1, 2); Xiong, Kangning (1, 2); Chen, Qiwei (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang; 550018, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, Kangning(xiongkn@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:232-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Karst area is the main serious poverty-stricken area in southwest China. Scientifically identifying the rural poverty areal types, proposing differentiated revitalization strategies can effectively promote rural revitalization planning at the village level in karst poverty areas. Based on the multi-dimensional poverty theory and the rural area system theory, This paper took the poor village of Anshun City as the basic research unit, which is located in the central and western part of Guizhou province, China. We constructed the village-level karst rural poverty system evaluation index system from four dimensions of ecological conditions, production resource endowment, economic foundation and regional traffic conditions. In this paper, the factor detection model in geographical detectors was used to detect the explanatory power of each indicator to the spatial difference of the incidence of poverty based on the village poverty incidence data in 2015, which is used as the weight of the contribution degree of each indicator to the regional poverty situation. The regional types division of the karst rural poverty types through the classification and spatial combination of main poverty causing elements based on the main poverty dimension of karst poor villages. The results showed that: 1) the spatial variation of rural poverty was mainly affected by topography, slope, proportion of cultivated land, and net income per capita. The degree of poverty and the scale of poverty accumulation were serious in the south of Anshun city and low in the north. Compared with karst plateau area, the poverty degree of karst gorge area was deeper than that of karst plateau area, and the causing factors of rural poverty were more complex. Karst gorge area had obvious disadvantages in ecological conditions, production resource endowment, economic foundation and regional traffic conditions. 2) According to the main poverty dimension of poor villages, the regional types of karst poverty-stricken villages were divided into 12 types, including weak comprehensive restriction villages, strong comprehensive restriction villages, 4 types single-dimensional restriction villages which were ecological environment restricted villages, deficient production resources villages, weak economic foundation villages, location and transportation weaknesses villages; 3 types dual-dimensional restriction villages were eco-production restricted villages, eco-economic restricted villages, and production-economic restricted villages; 3 types three-dimensional restricted villages are production-economy-location restricted villages, eco-production-location restricted villages, and eco-production-economic restriction villages. 3) Ecological vulnerability plays a decisive role in the regional differentiation of karst poor rural areas. The common characteristics of poor rural areas are the weak economic foundation, and the production resource endowment and location and transportation conditions play an important role. Weak comprehensive restriction villages and four single-dimensional restriction villages should focus on improving the sustainability of the village collective economy, improving the infrastructure construction and public service system, and accelerating the integration of urban and rural development. Strong comprehensive restriction villages should combine ecological environmental protection with economic development, and develop infrastructure construction such as rural roads. Dual-dimensional restriction villages should optimize the structure of high-efficiency agricultural industries and develop rural tourism. The results can provide a theoretical basis for promoting the revitalization of poor villages.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Ecology - Economics - Foundations - Landforms - Leisure industry - Location - Regional planning - Sustainable development - Topography - Tourism industry
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industries - Ecological conditions - Ecological environments - Ecological vulnerability - Infrastructure construction - Production economics - Production locations - Production resources
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.2 Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20205009615649
Title:Effects of water-salt interaction on soil spectral characteristics in Hetao Irrigation Areas of Inner Mongolia, China
Title of translation:水盐交互作用对河套灌区土壤光谱特征的影响
Authors:Zhang, Zhitao (1, 2); Du, Ruiqi (1, 2); Yang, Shuai (1); Yang, Ning (1); Wei, Guangfei (1); Yao, Zhihua (1); Qiu, Yuanlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:153-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hetao irrigation area is characterized by less precipitation and more evaporation, which makes the sever soil salinization. Satellite based on remote sensing technology can quickly and accurately monitor the dynamic changes of soil salinization, and provide effective information and methods for land management and ecological restoration. Soil moisture and salinity have similar effects on soil spectrum. In order to explore the influence of soil water-salt interaction on the spectral characteristics of Sentinel-2 satellite, a total of 280 surface soil samples were collected from April to May in 2018 and 2019 in Shahao canal irrigation area of Hetao Irrigation Area in Inner Mongolia, China. Soil moisture content and electrical conductivity were measured, and Sentinel-2 satellite remote sensing data were obtained to construct the soil water-salt-reflectance model based on theory of soil spectral characteristics. Combined with soil water-salt interaction, the water-salt interaction model was constructed, and the simulation effects of the two models on soil spectrum were compared, and the influence of soil water-salt interaction on soil spectral estimation was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the water-salt interaction was affected by soil moisture and salinity. In the visible light range, the effect range was from -0.11 to 0.29. In the near infrared and short wave infrared ranges, the effect was relatively strong with the range from -0.35 to 0.61. When the soil moisture or electrical conductivity were high, the influence was weak. When the soil moisture or electrical conductivity was similar, the effect was strong. 2) Compared with the theoretical model of soil spectral characteristics, the water-salt interaction model significantly improved the simulation accuracy of soil spectrum, increased the simulation correlation coefficient from 0.14-0.44 to 0.29-0.59, and reduced the root mean square error from 0.032-0.082 to 0.029-0.068. At the same time, compared with the theoretical model, the range of relative error of soil water-salt interaction model was smaller, and the area occupied by low error was larger, indicating that the relative error distribution estimated by reference spectrum can provide valuable information for the retrieval of soil moisture or salt content by Sentinal-2 satellite, and the inversion can be further improved by considering water- salt interaction. 3) The characteristic quantities based on the brine ratio could reflect the water-salt interaction of soil, but the correlation between them changed with the change of brine ratio. When the brine ratio was greater than 1, the correlation between water-salt interaction and characteristic quantity was mainly 0.26-0.49; when the brine ratio was less than 1, the correlation between water-salt interaction and characteristic quantity was mainly 0.35-0.54. This study reveals the interference process of salt and water on spectral characteristics, provides strategies and methods for soil salt estimation, and has certain significance for realizing accurate monitoring of soil salinity at regional scale. However, vegetation coverage is not involved in the study. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spectral characteristics of water-salt interaction from vegetation growth and development and water-salt response mechanism in the future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Electric conductivity - Errors - Infrared devices - Infrared radiation - Irrigation - Mean square error - Remote sensing - Satellites - Soil surveys - Spectrum analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Ecological restoration - Electrical conductivity - Remote sensing technology - Root mean square errors - Satellite remote sensing data - Spectral characteristics - Theoretical modeling
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2 Satellites - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20205009615650
Title:Effects of typical desert vegetation roots on the erosion process of cohesive riverbank
Title of translation:典型荒漠植被根系对黏性岸坡侵蚀过程的影响
Authors:Zong, Quanli (1, 2); Chen, Zhikang (2); Cai, Hangbing (2); Qin, Peng (1); Liu, Chunxia (1); Jin, Kai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Desert vegetation roots of various species can contribute to the soil shear strength, and thereby to effectively stabilize the riverbank slope, particularly in the Tarim River Basin with the serious soil erosion. Tamarix ramosissima (TR) and Populus euphratica (PE) are the dominant plant species in typical shrubs and trees, respectively, where both have significant positive effects on the riverbank erosion. In this study, taking the vegetation roots of TR and PE in the Tarim River Basin as the study objects, the influence of desert vegetation roots on the erosion process of cohesive riverbank was investigated systematically via a generalized laboratory experiment. In the experimental design, the roots were mainly arranged in two forms of vertical and V-shaped with the angles of 90° and 60°, respectively. Subsequently, the roots were equally spaced along the section with an average spacing of 4cm. The results showed that: 1) the capacity of soil consolidation in the cohesive riverbank was significantly improved under the action of the roots network. Specifically, the erosion resistance of riverbank with roots increased by 30% to 56%, compared with that without roots. The roots of TR increased by 19.6% for the vertical layout, and 28.1% for the V-shaped, compared with that of PE, indicating that the capacity of soil consolidation varied in types of roots. The roots of TR and PE for the V-shaped increased by 27.1% and 18.6%, respectively, compared with that for the vertical layout, indicating that the capacity of soil consolidation varied in the layout methods of roots. Generally, the effect of roots network of TR increased by 24.2% on average, compared with that of PE. 2) There was a significant protection of roots retaining effect on the riverbank, mainly aiming to change the near-shore flow field, and protect the bank toe. The experiment results show that the vertical average velocity and turbulent energy of flow near the riverbank with roots were reduced to 45%-67% and 75%-91%, respectively, compared with that without roots. 3) The roots pulling effect was mainly explored by the impact on the accumulation and decomposition of the collapsed root-soil blocks and the deposition in riverbed. Consequently, the experimental results demonstrated that the roots pulling effect can be much stronger, as the increase in the volume of collapsed block accumulation. Specifically, the TR root with the average value of accumulation, 0.33, has more collapsed blocks than that of PE with the value of 0.24, indicating that the adhesion strength of root-soil blocks for the TR was stronger than that of PE. Furthermore, the roots pulling effect can be enhanced, as the increase in the time for further decomposition of the root-soil blocks. Two relationships of exponential functions were also obtained between the volume of collapsed blocks and scouring time for the TR and PE roots. The decomposed rate of root-soil blocks for the TR was lower than that for PE, whereas, the pulling effect of TR was greater than that of PE. In addition, the roots length density was positively correlated with the cumulative deposition rate of the riverbed, reflecting the interpenetration and winding ability of the roots. The contribution value of roots pulling effect to riverbed protection increased by about 20%, according to the cumulative deposition rate. These data can be used to reveal the effects of different vegetation roots on the erosion processes of cohesive riverbank, including the network, retaining and pulling effects. As such, this findings can also provide a sound technical support to the soil reinforcement and riverbank protection by the vegetation roots in arid desert areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Bank protection
Controlled terms:Deposition rates - Erosion - Exponential functions - Landforms - Settlement of structures - Shear strength - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Cohesive riverbank - Contribution values - Dominant plant species - Erosion resistance - Laboratory experiments - Populus euphratica - Soil shear strength - Tamarix ramosissima
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 1.96e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01%, Percentage 2.71e+01%, Percentage 2.81e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01% to 5.60e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01% to 6.70e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01% to 9.10e+01%, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20205009615681
Title:Detection of the growth stage of rice weevil as a stored-grain pest based on soft X-ray imaging
Title of translation:基于软X射线成像的储粮害虫米象生长阶段检测
Authors:Shao, Xiaolong (1); Yang, Xiaojing (1); Xu, Shuihong (1); Li, Hui (1); Paliwal, Jitendra (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg; R3T2N2, Canada
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:309-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to accurately detect whether the inside of wheat kernel was infected with rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae), soft X-ray imaging detection technology was used to process the images of wheat grains infected with rice weevil at different growth stages. The different growth stages of rice weevil were determined by image, and the reliability of the results was evaluated by random repetition and discriminant analysis. Although some experimental research results show that the automatic recognition rate of pest infections detected by X-ray imaging could reach more than 90%, and even a high recognition rate of 100%, the actual operation shows that it is impossible to get a lower recognition rate by repeated detection. Due to the randomness of data collection, sampling, modeling, and other factors, these will bring uncertainty to the model prediction. For example, the initial value of the random number seed is not fixed, so the random division of the experimental data into a training dataset and a test dataset has absolute randomness, resulting in the prediction model will be different due to the change of the training dataset. Different prediction results are obtained on the same experimental data and the same algorithm. Therefore, it can be inferred that the evaluation parameters of the model should be within a certain range of values, rather than a single value. Because randomness is inherent, there is no way to avoid it. Random repeation and summary statistics of prediction performance measures are an excellent strategy.In this study, soft X-ray image technology was used to detect the hidden insect S. oryzae in wheat kernels. The different insect growth stages of S. oryzae were determined by taking pictures of S. oryzae in wheat kernels by soft X-ray. The gray histogram features of different infection days were extracted, it is found that the image gray level distribution of the image changed with the infection days, and the pixels in the gray area of the low gray area (gray value: 10-102) decreased with increase of the infection days, while the middle gray (gray value: 103-162) and high-gray areas (gray value: 163-232) increased with the increase of infection days. Based on 47 feature values, including 17 image grayscale histogram features and 30 texture features, a discriminant model was established by using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA), and the prediction effect of the model was evaluated by multiple random repeated sampling (1 000 times). The results showed that within the 95% confidence interval, the accuracy of LDA in the classification of infected and uninfected wheat was above 76%, and the accuracy of the growth stage except larvae was above 95%. However, the average accuracy of QDA was much lower, and the discrimination error of 1 000 random samples was relatively higher. Therefore, it is accurate and reliable to use multiple random sampling and LDA classification methods to distinguish whether wheat is infested by S. oryzae and to distinguish different insect states of S. oryzae.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Animals - Discriminant analysis - Forecasting - Graphic methods - Image analysis - Predictive analytics - Random processes - Reliability analysis - Statistical tests - Textures - Uncertainty analysis - X rays
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic recognition - Classification methods - Different growth stages - Evaluation parameters - Experimental research - Linear discriminant analysis - Prediction performance - Quadratic discriminant analysis
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 922 Statistical Methods - 932.1 High Energy Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20205009615688
Title:Research advances in pyrolysis of softwood lignin-based monomers
Title of translation:针叶木木质素单体模型化合物热解研究进展
Authors:Xu, Lujiang (1); Shi, Chenchen (1); He, Zijian (1); Liu, Yang (1); Wu, Shenghong (1); Fang, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Zhen(zhenfang@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:213-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lignin is the second largest natural polymer material in lignocellulose-based biomass components, just behind cellulose and the only sustainable source to produce renewable aromatic compounds. However, lignin is always treated as the cause of serious environmental problems, as it was burned under low temperature and discharged arbitrarily without effectively utilization. Pyrolysis technology offers an effective way for fast conversion of lignin into biochar, biooil and biogas products, to realize its high-value utilization and valorization. In recent years, Guaiacyl structural units, the main component structures of softwood lignin and gramineous lignin, are widely used as model compounds for the understanding of decomposition and coking mechanisms in lignin pyrolysis, not to mention their functional groups, such as methoxy and phenolic hydroxyl groups in their structures widely exist in lignin. This review summarized the pyrolysis process, impact factors, product distribution, and catalyst deactivation mechanism, during guaiacol-based model compounds pyrolysis process. During the direct pyrolysis process of guaiacol compounds, the main products mainly including phenols and catechol compounds, and pyrolysis temperature showed a certain influence on the guaiacol compounds conversion and products distributions. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature can increase the conversion rate, while lead to produce more olefins and a small number of aromatics. Moreover, the C4 substituent functional group of guaiacol-type compounds (e.g. vanillin, vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol) also affects the pyrolysis product distributions. In catalytic pyrolysis, most previous studies focused on the catalytic pyrolysis of guaiacol, in which aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols compounds served as the main products, Zeolites, especially HZSM-5 based catalysts dominated. The unique structure and acidic sites of zeolite-based catalysts are the main active sites for guaiacol conversion and products formation during catalytic pyrolysis process. The addition of hydrogen donors can significantly increase the deoxygenation rate of guaiacol, while, reduce the carbon deposition of the catalyst. The impact factors, such as pyrolysis temperature, Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV), and guaiacol partial pressure, strongly affect the catalytic pyrolysis of guaiacol. Increasing the pyrolysis temperature can enhance the coke formation on the catalyst, and promote the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins, whereas, increasing the WHSV and guaiacol partial pressure can inhibit the coke formation on the catalyst, and reduce the efficiency of deoxygenation, leading to more phenolic compounds production, and guaiacol partial pressure. The deactivation of the catalyst is mainly resulted from the loss of active sites, and the blockage of the channel caused by carbon deposition of its surface area. In the pyrolysis mechanism, the pyrolysis of guaiacol-based compounds is mainly a free radical reaction. Catechol is mainly generated through the homolytic cleavage of O-CH<inf>3</inf> bond, when phenol is mainly produced through the demethoxylation pathways, which was promoted by the H-atom and CH<inf>3</inf>-radical. Catechol and its derivatived o-hydroxybenzoquinone are the key intermediates during the production of gas. The aromatic hydrocarbons formation during the catalytic pyrolysis is mainly through the hydrocarbon pools pathways. At first, Guaiacol participates in the pyrolysis reaction to form the intermediates, such as phenol, catechol, then exists as the intermediates to form a hydrocarbon pool inside the catalyst, and finally converts into aromatics and olefins. This critical review can be necessary to further deepen the understanding of the lignin pyrolysis process, and thereby to provide some theoretical guidance for the regulation of lignin pyrolysis products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:69
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Alcohols - Aromatic hydrocarbons - Aromatization - Carbon - Catalyst activity - Catalyst deactivation - Cellulose - Coke - Deposition - Free radical reactions - Gas industry - Lignin - Mineral oils - Olefins - Partial pressure - Phenols - Reaction intermediates - Reaction kinetics - Softwoods - Temperature - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Component structure - Deactivation mechanism - Environmental problems - Phenolic hydroxyl group - Product distributions - Products distributions - Pyrolysis temperature - Weight hourly space velocity
Classification code:513.3 Petroleum Products - 522 Gas Fuels - 524 Solid Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20205009615701
Title:Effects of tillage measures on soil nutrients distribution and fertilizer use efficiency on gentle slope farmland
Title of translation:耕作措施对缓坡耕地土壤养分分布及肥料利用率的影响
Authors:Lei, Jinyin (1); Lei, Xiaoting (1); Zhou, Lina (1); He, Jinqin (1); Jia, Aiping (2); Yu, Jianjun (3); Zhang, Hui (3); Lu, Fang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan; 750002, China; (2) Ningxia Yinchuan Municipal Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Yinchuan; 750002, China; (3) Guan ting Agro-technical Service Center Yuanzhou District Guyuan City, Guyuan; 756000, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Lina(linazhou@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The research was carried out on 10° slope land of southern Ningxia during 2017-2018, and four different tillage measures, including conventional tillage (CK), furrow-ridge tillage (NH), furrow-ridge + straw mulching (SM) and furrow-ridge+plastic mulching (PM) were employed. The results showed that NH, SM and PM significantly increased the content of soil organic matter and available nitrogen compared with CK, increasing by 18.50% and 14.47%, 18.22% and 17.64%, 21.75% and 18.71%, respectively, however, there was no significant difference between the three tillage measures. The topsoil organic matter and available nitrogen of CK treatment increased from up slope to down slope showing the risk of losing from slope land. Whereas, NH, SM and PM exhibited the function of weakening the slope location effect, with the order of organic matter and available nitrogen from high to low: mid slope> down slope > up slope. Compared with CK, the soil available phosphorus and available potassium on slope land was decreased, where the soil available phosphorus under PM significantly was lower than others. The soil available phosphorus and available potassium showed low losing risk from slope land. The difference between tillages is mainly related to fertilizer input and crop absorption and utilization. NH, SM and PM significantly increased the crop yields, and the yield of maize and potato were increased by 27.03 % and 2.89%, 12.85% and 9.29%, 204.56% and 21.52%, respectively, showing significant slope location effect. From the perspective of slope distribution, as the slope position changes from up slope to down slope, corn yields gradually increased under NH, SM and PM. Potato yields of CK increased gradually with the slope position changes from up slope to down slope; Its NH and PM increased firstly and then decreased, with the highest yield on mid slope and the lowest on down slope; Its SM decreased firstly and then increased, with the highest yield on down slope and the lowest on mid slope. Two mulching tillage methods, SM and PM, significantly improved crop N, P fertilizer use efficiency, and in the first maize planting season they were increased by 7.92% and 16.83%, 217.03% and 241.59%, respectively, while in the second potato-planting season, they were increased by 89.43% and 44.62%, 97.31% and 49.66%, respectively. The variance analysis was performed on the soil nutrients and crop yields at different slope positions under different tillages in 2017 and 2018. From the perspective of soil organic matter and crop yield analysis, tillages and slope positions both showed extremely significant differences between 2017 (P<0.01) and significant differences in 2018 (P<0.05). From the perspective of available nitrogen analysis, tillages showed significant differences(F=1.88, P<0.05)in 2017 and extremely significant differences(F=117.71, P<0.01)in 2018, slope positions both showed extremely significant differences in 2017 and 2018(F=3.43 and F=19.60, P<0.01). From the perspective of available phosphorus analysis, tillages showed significant differences(F=1.35, P<0.05)in 2017 and no significant difference (F=0.5, P>0.05) in 2018, slope positions showed extremely significant differences(F=6.74, P<0.01)in 2017 and significant differences (F=3.91, P<0.05)in 2018. From the perspective of available potassium analysis, tillages showed no significant difference(F=21.63, P>0.05)in 2017 and extremely significant differences(F=5.72, P<0.01)in 2018, slope positions showed significant differences(F=10.89, P<0.05)in 2017 and no significant differences(F=1.18, P>0.05)in 2018.Hence, it was believed that protective tillages focused on furrows and mulches can effectively block the nutrients lose, combat soil nutrients migration on slop farmland, and increase crop yield and fertilizer use efficiency.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Nutrients
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Crops - Efficiency - Farms - Fertilizers - Organic compounds - Phosphorus - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Available nitrogen - Available phosphorus - Available potassiums - Conventional tillage - Planting seasons - Slope distribution - Soil organic matters - Variance analysis
Classification code:481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 1.76e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+01%, Percentage 1.87e+01%, Percentage 2.05e+02%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.17e+02%, Percentage 2.18e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+02%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 2.89e+00%, Percentage 4.46e+01%, Percentage 4.97e+01%, Percentage 7.92e+00%, Percentage 8.94e+01%, Percentage 9.29e+00%, Percentage 9.73e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20205009615685
Title:Markers mining for species discrimination based on component characteristics of meat and bone meal
Title of translation:基于组成特性的肉骨粉种属鉴别标志性变量挖掘
Authors:Gao, Bing (1); Wang, Mengyan (1); Yao, Yumei (1); Gao, Fei (1); Han, Lujia (1); Liu, Xian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xian(lx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:275-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to comprehensively characterize the composition of meat and bone meal, and further to identify the specific variables of various species using a data mining method. Based on the component characteristics data, a comprehensive comparison and markers mining study were carried out for the meat and bone meal that produced by various species. 166 samples of meat and bone meal were produced from various species (55 swine, 43 poultry, 36 bovine, and 32 ovine) in different factories of China. Composition characteristics in the samples of meat and bone meal were detected from four aspects, including the proximate component, element, fatty acid, and amino acid composition. The results of proximate component show that there was a complex variation in the samples of meat and bone meal, leading to the difference in four species was not considered statistically significance. An one-way Anova variance analysis was conducted for the composition data of element, fatty acid, and amino acid. 69 component variables were compared, incuding 14 variables from element composition, 37 variables from fatty acid composition, 18 variables from amino acid composition, in the meat and bone meal from different species. Consequently, there were significant differences among species (P<0.05) for 31 component variables, including 10 variables from element composition, 20 variables from fatty acid composition, 1 variable from amino acid composition. It infers that the component characteristics of meat and bone meal varied significantly in different species, particularly on the specific component variables. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) combined with the Partial Least Square Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA) was used to explore the species specificity of meat and bone meal. The results showed that the composition variables of element and fatty acid can serve as markers to idnetify the swine, poultry, bovine, as well as ovine meat and bone meal. The composition variables of amino acid were mainly marker sources of ruminant and non-ruminant meat and bone meal. Comprehensively characterization using the PLS-DA and one-way Anova variance analysis demonstrated that, taking the VIP value greater than 1, while P < 0.05 as the united indicator, the specific variables were achieved in the meat and bone meal for the species of: 1) swine were C10:0, C18:0 and C18:2n6c, 2) poultry were Ca, K, Zn, C18:0 and C18:2n6c, 3) bovine were Sr, C14:1, C17:0, C17:1, C18:0 and C18:2n6t, 4) ovine were H, Mg, Sr, C10:0, C16:0, C17:0, C17:1 and C18:0, 5) ruminant and non-ruminant were Sr, Ba, C14:1, C17:0, C15:0, C17:1, C18:0, C18:2n6t, C18:2n6c and serine, and 6) mammal and non-mammal were K, Zn, C18:0 and C18:2n6c. These selected specific variables can provide: a sound theoretical basis for the multi-application of meat and bone meal from different species. The finding can also offer sinificant data support for the mechanism analysis and further application of meat and bone meal, particularly on the species identification method.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Fatty acids
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Data mining - Mammals - Meats
Uncontrolled terms:Amino acid compositions - Component characteristics - Composition characteristics - Comprehensive comparisons - Discrimination analysis - Fatty acid composition - Partial least square (PLS) - Species identification
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20205009615708
Title:Optimization of the structural parameters of pollination pipe for pneumatic hybrid rice breeding pollination machines
Title of translation:气力式杂交水稻制种授粉机授粉管结构参数优化
Authors:Yao, Fuqiang (1); Wang, Yongwei (1); Hao, Yifeng (1); Wei, Zhenbo (1); Yu, Jiayuan (1); Chen, Mengyuan (1); Huang, Xinyao (1); Wang, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yongwei(wywzju@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:18-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hybrid rice has made outstanding contributions to solving the world's food problems, and seed production is a key link in the production of hybrid rice. In response to the current urgent need for mechanized pollination equipment for hybrid rice production, a pneumatic hybrid rice pollination machine was designed, it is mainly composed of power chassis, battery, controller, air velocity transducer, side pollination, middle pollination pipe, central pollination pipe, fan and lifting part. Firstly, a computational fluid dynamics model was established for its key component pollination pipe, the structure of the pollination pipe includes inlet, body, deflect, outlet and divider. Moreover, in order to explore the law of flow field distribution of pollination pipe, a single factor experiment was designed, with the diameter of pollination pipe, outlet length and outlet width as factors. The experiment results showed that with the increase of diameter of pollination pipe and the decrease of outlet length and width, the acute angle between the direction of the external airflow and the centerline of the pollination pipe increased, which was consistent with the requirement that the airflow was far as possible perpendicular to the center of the pipe during pollination. The better range of pollination pipe structure parameters was that diameter of pollination pipe was greater than 70 mm, and outlet length and width were 100-150 and 4-8 mm respectively. Furthermore, a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken simulation experiment was designed taking the variable coefficient of airflow velocity and cover height of airflow as targets with Design Expert software to obtain better pollination pipe structure parameters, and the parameters of the pollination pipe structure were optimized. The results showed that the range of diameter of pollination pipe from 60 mm to 80 mm, outlet length from 100 mm to 200 mm, outlet width from 4 mm to 10 mm, diameter of pollination pipe, outlet width and interaction between diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width, outlet length and outlet width, square of outlet width had significant effects on variable coefficient of airflow velocity, and the influences of various factors on it as follows from large to small were square of the outlet width, interaction between diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width, interaction between outlet length and outlet width, diameter of pollination pipe, outlet width, square of diameter of pollination pipe, outlet length; diameter of pollination pipe, outlet length, outlet width and their interaction between outlet length and outlet width, diameter of pollination pipe and outlet width has a significant effect on cover height of airflow, influence of various factors on it as follows from large to small is outlet width, diameter of pollination pipe, outlet length, interaction between outlet length and outlet width, diameter of pollination pipe and outlet length. The optimization of structure parameters of pollination pipe was that diameter of pollination pipe 64.49 mm, outlet length and width was 200 and 7.25 mm, the variable coefficient of airflow velocity was 9.10% at this condition, and cover height of airflow was 187.57 mm. In order to facilitate processing, a standard pollination pipe with an inner diameter of 61.5 mm was selected, and outlet length and width were 200 and 7.5 mm respectively for verification experiments. The measured value of the air outlet flow velocity was basically the same as the simulation value, the measured variable coefficient of airflow velocity was 8.83%~9.25%, and the cover height of airflow was evenly distributed. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of the parameters of the pneumatic hybrid rice seed production pollination machine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Pipe
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer software - Flow velocity - Pneumatics - Structural optimization - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Computational fluid dynamics modeling - Flow field distribution - Optimization of structure parameters - Pneumatic hybrids - Single-factor experiments - Structural parameter - Variable coefficients
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 632.3 Pneumatics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.10e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.88e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-03m to 1.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m to 8.00e-03m, Size 6.00e-02m to 8.00e-02m, Size 6.15e-02m, Size 6.45e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 7.25e-03m, Size 7.50e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20205009615711
Title:Simulation and experimental validation of heat and mass transfer during Chinese stir-frying considering shrinkage
Title of translation:考虑收缩的爆炒热/质传递过程模拟与验证
Authors:Xie, Le (1); Deng, Li (1); Li, Jingpeng (1, 2); Zeng, Xuefeng (1); Yan, Yong (3); Shi, Yu (1); Su, Jieyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (3) Guizhou Han Shi Jing Gong Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang; 550025, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Li(denglifood@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:251-262
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Food stir-frying is one of the most popular and widely used cooking method to prepare vegetables, particularly in southeast Asian countries. This quick food preparation method is used the heat transfer from a hot pan surface to foods, using a small amount of cooking oil. To promote the development, automation, and standardization of Chinese cuisine, it is necessary to carry out a systematic investigation for the heat transfer and the quality changes of food during the cooking process. Numerical simulation can offer one way to explore the heat and mass transfer process of food particles during the food stir-frying. In this study, a heat and mass transfer model was developed, including multiphase coupling phase transition and shrinkage, in order to simulate the stir-frying process of food hygroscopic porous medium, using the porous media theory, Fourier's law, Newton's cooling law, and Darcy's law. An emphasis was also placed on the mechanism of heat transfer, and the variation in maturity and quality of food particles during the Chinese cuisine process. The model considered the non-equilibrium evaporation and shrinkage formulation, energy, momentum and mass conservations of water, and gas governing equations, thereby finally solved by finite element method. The accuracy of model was verified by the temperature history, moisture content, and volumetric shrinkage rate of stir-fried pork loin. The results indicated that the accuracy and robust properties of this model greatly increased after considering the shrinking process. Some parameters, including the water evaporation rate of particle surface, volumetric shrinkage rate, pressure variations, moisture content and temperature distributions, were simulated to reveal the mechanisms of heat and mass transfer inside the food particle for the stir-frying process. The simulation results showed that the main reason for shrinkage was the water loss that induced by strong convection heat transfer. The surface evaporation rate can increase the rate of moisture loss and volumetric shrinkage. The particle internal pressure also determined the volumetric shrinkage. Since the function of volumetric shrinkage rate was analogous to that of water loss rate, the moisture content and shrinkage were associated with an important indicator to evaluate the cooking quality of food particles. Additionally, the heat transfer efficiency of particles was greatly enhanced by shrinkage, because of the increasing surface area to volume ratio. The shrinkage can be used to improve the overall moisture content of food particles, if evaluated from the perspective of cooking quality. Combined with the maturity value theory, further investigation also made on the effect of controlling methods of "Huohou" on the maturity and quality of food particles. The finer cutting technique of food particles can mainly determine to increase in efficiency of heat and mass transfer and internal heating rate, whereas, to decrease in average moisture content. The stirring operations can be vigorous, as the preheating oil temperature increased. The food particles can reach its maturity values, before the average moisture content rapidly decreased under the appropriate "Huohou" controlling. Thus, it infers that the control of "Huohou" can be used to dramatically reduce the average time of food particles for reaching cooking maturity termination, indicating a significant (P <0.01) effect on the cooking quality. The finding can bring important advantages to obtain food particles with better cooking quality during the food stir-frying process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Oils and fats
Controlled terms:Cooking - Evaporation - Flow of fluids - Heat convection - Mass transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Porous materials - Quality control - Shrinkage
Uncontrolled terms:Controlling methods - Experimental validations - Heat and mass transfer - Heat and mass transfer models - Heat and mass transfer process - Heat transfer efficiency - Pressure variations - Volumetric shrinkage
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20205009615660
Title:Research progress of biochar in the world based on bibliometrics analysis
Title of translation:基于文献计量学分析的全球生物质炭研究进展
Authors:Xiao, Pengfei (1); An, Lu (1); Wu, Dedong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to understand in depth the status and future development trend of biochar research in the world, and to reflect scientific capabilities and influences of relevant countries, institutions and individuals objectively, a bibliometric analysis was applied to assess the literature regarding biochar research from the Web of Science database during the period of 2003 to 2020. Since 2010, the number of papers on biochar research in the world is increasing rapidly, and in 2019 alone, the number of papers has reached 1 741. The results of polynomial trend line simulation show that in 2020, the number of papers in the world will exceed 2 000. China, USA and Australia rank in the top three in the number of papers on biochar research, among which 3 608 biochar papers was published by China, accounting for 46.94% of the total. However, the average citations per paper in China is only about half of that of the USA, Australia and UK. China has 10 institutions in the global top 17 institutions, among which the Chinese Academy of Sciences are on global top of the list in number of papers, total citations and H-index. China and the USA were most active in publications collaboration. Among individuals, Ok Yong Sik of the Korea University is in the lead in number of papers, total citations and in H-index in the world. China has 8 scholars in the top 20 in the number of papers, showing a strong overall strength. Cao Xinde, from Shanghai Jiaotong University, ranked first in terms of the number of papers and average citations per paper. Among the top 10 most cited papers, only one was by Chinese authors, ranking 10<sup>th</sup>. Although published papers from China increased dramatically in recent years, the research ability, the quality and innovation of biochar research in China need to be further improved. "Science of the Total Environment" was the journal which published most of the biochar papers, while "Bioresource Technology" is the journal with the highest citations and H-index. The research topics were diversified, which were mainly divided into "Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences" and "Energy Fuels". Based on the results of high frequency keywords by VOSviewer visual analysis, the biochar researches was mostly classified into four clusters: the application of biochar in the soil improvement and agricultural production, wastewater treatment, remediation of polluted soil, and the preparation method and process of biochar, and the top 10 keywords in biochar researches was biochar, adsorption, carbon, pyrolysis, soil, sorption, removal, black carbon, activated carbon and water. The comparison of high-frequency keywords in different countries shows that China pays more attention to the biochar research in the treatment of environmental pollution. Additionally, CiteSpace software was further applied to analyze the focus and frontier in biochar research, and magnetic biochar, zero valent iron, nanoparticles, microbial community, organic carbon, performance and balance was the bursts keywords in the papers published from 2018 to 2020, reflecting that the preparation of new functional biochar composite materials and the application of biochar in new fields may become the research focus at present and in the future, which also means that biochar research has expanded to a broader field. These results can provide insight into the research progress regarding biochar.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Paper
Controlled terms:Activated carbon treatment - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Application programs - Indexing (of information) - Iron research - Nanomagnetics - Organic carbon - Publishing - Soil pollution - Soils - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Bibliometric analysis - Bibliometrics analysis - Chinese Academy of Sciences - Development trends - Environmental pollutions - Environmental science - Microbial communities
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 545.1 Iron - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 903.2 Information Dissemination
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.69e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20205009615702
Title:Influences of rainfall unsaturated infiltration on the change of heat transfer in soils
Title of translation:降雨非饱和入渗对土壤热量运移变化的影响
Authors:Zhang, Chao (1, 2); Jiang, Jingshan (1); Wang, Rubin (3); Jin, Hua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Architecture Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China; (2) Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, School of Architecture Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China; (3) Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the high temperature season, the surface temperature of the soil is very high, and the internal moisture content of soil is low. A sudden rainfall has a great influence on the dynamic change of soil temperature, and as well as the water-heat exchange and migration. Temperature change of soil surface and water movement can be interacted with each other during this time. It is also very important to reveal the influence mechanism of water movement caused by rainfall unsaturated infiltration, on temperature change of soil and the law of heat transfer. However, there are only a few research achievements on the hydrothermal interaction of soil in the process of rainfall unsaturated infiltration. In this study, a mathematical model of soil heat transfer in the process of rainfall infiltration was established, and the corresponding finite element numerical calculation program was compiled, in order to reveal the soil moisture movement in unsaturated rainfall infiltration process of high temperature, and the influence mechanism of soil heat transfer. Taking the typical silt soil layers in Nanjing as research objects, a numerical analysis was carried out for the unsaturated rainfall infiltration exerting to the function of soil heat transfer. The results showed that without considering rainfall infiltration, the soil temperature change and heat transfer were mainly caused by the heat exchange between the surface soil and the environment, where the depth of heat transfer was about 0.2 m. Under the action of rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, the soil matric suction and volume moisture content in the silt layer changed gradually with the duration of rainfall, due to the unsaturated infiltration process of rainfall. When the soil moisture front moves down and reached different depths, the volume moisture content increased rapidly, and the soil volume moisture content after the moist front gradually approached the saturated volume moisture content and the soil infiltration capacity gradually decreased until reaching the saturation infiltration rate. In rainfall unsaturated infiltration, the heat exchange occurred between the low-temperature rainfall in soil pores and soil particles, which can change the distribution of original temperature field in soil. Moreover, the influence of rainfall infiltration process on soil heat transfer gradually weakened, with the continuous increase in the depth of rainfall infiltration. Compared with the data of field measurement and the simulation results, the relative error of measured and calculated soil volume moisture content remained within ±3.99%, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.01 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>. The relative error of soil temperature between measured and numerical values remained within ±2.72%, and the RMSE was 0.55℃, indicating that the simulation results and the measured data were consistent with better. It infers that there was a strong adaptability in the model for the rainfall unsaturated soil infiltration process, and heat migration in soil, and the model was verified by numerical program. The causes of errors were related to the initial moisture content of the soil, the initial temperature, and the accuracy of rainfall infiltration during the test. The findings can provide an important reference for water conservancy engineering in modern agriculture, including the soil and water conservation, distribution and utilization of soil hydrology and water resources, control of urban water resources and ecological environment protection. It is of great significance to further study the coupled migration mechanism of soil water and heat transfer caused by rainfall infiltration.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Errors - Heat exchangers - Heat transfer - Infiltration - Mean square error - Moisture determination - Rain - Silt - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Temperature - Water conservation - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environment protections - Initial Moisture Content - Numerical calculation - Rainfall infiltration - Root mean square errors - Soil and water conservation - Unsaturated infiltrations - Urban water resources
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20205009615651
Title:Intelligent detection of appearance quality of carrot grade using knowledge distillation
Title of translation:基于知识蒸馏的胡萝卜外观品质等级智能检测
Authors:Ni, Jiangong (1); Li, Juan (1); Deng, Limiao (1); Han, Zhongzhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Science and Information Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Han, Zhongzhi(hanzhongzhi@qau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:181-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Carrot has widely been served in the human diet, due to its rich in nutrients, particularly on carotene and dietary fiber. However, the brown and black spot disease can ruin the appearance and nutritional quality of carrot during the planting. Therefore, the classification of carrot grades has become an essential part, to improve the competitiveness of carrots in the market. Specifically, the detailed grading can greatly contribute to the commercial value of carrots. Traditionally, a feature extraction with classifier mode was generally adopted to detect the carrot appearance, where the manual definition of features was required, leading to time consuming, less accuracy, and erroneous judgement. In this study, a novel network was proposed to solve the problem, based on a lightweight front-end deployment method, the knowledge distillation technique. Teacher and student models were selected, where a teacher model was introduced to guide the training of student model. The model in this network can be used to reduce the number of parameters and running time, while achieve high accuracy. 3 266 high-resolution images of carrot were collected from the sorting machine as the experimental data sets. Four grades were divided, including the normal, curved, black spot and fibrous root, according to the carrot grading standards of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China NY/T 1983-2011.70% of the dataset was randomly divided into the training sets, whereas, the remaining 30% into test sets. The dataset of carrot was first imported into the network model for training. A teacher model was then introduced, when training to induce a student model, where the teacher model was a large-scale and complex network with many participants, whereas, the student model was a small-scale and streamlined network with a small number of parameters. By inducing training, small models can finally achieve high accuracy. Three teacher models were used, including Resnet34, Resnet50, and Resnet101, in order to guide the training of student model of Resnet18. Correspondingly, the average accuracy of distillation model increased from 94.3% to 94.8%, 95.2%, and 95.8%, respectively. The recognition rate of normal carrot was improved to 100%, where the Resnet18 student model was guided by the Resnet101 teacher model. The recognition rate of normal, black spot and fibrous root increased by about 2%, while, the training time of the model was 11.3 h. In addition, the recognition accuracies of Resnet50 and Resnet101 teacher model were 96.3% and 96.9% respectively, whereas, the training time of models can be 19.3 h and 31.3 h, respectively. The experimental results showed that the recognition rate of distillation model was much higher than that of the traditional model based on feature extraction with classifier. The recognition rate of model can further improved as the increase in the depth of teacher model. Knowledge distillation can perform well from the perspective of training time and arrangement in the model. The training time and deployment of model can be greatly shortened with a tradeoff of accuracy. Consequently, the knowledge distillation model can be used to provide a promising significant support to improve the performance of automatic detection device for the appearance quality of carrots.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Personnel training
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Classification (of information) - Complex networks - Distillation - Distilleries - Extraction - Feature extraction - Grading - Nutrition - Statistical tests - Students
Uncontrolled terms:Appearance qualities - Automatic Detection - High resolution image - Intelligent detection - Nutritional qualities - People's Republic of China - Recognition accuracy - Traditional models
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 912.4 Personnel - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.98e+03% to 2.01e+03%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01% to 9.48e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%, Percentage 9.63e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+01%, Time 1.13e+05s, Time 4.07e+04s, Time 6.95e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20205009615661
Title:Autonomous driving and operation control method for SF2104 tractors
Title of translation:SF2104拖拉机自主行驶与作业控制方法
Authors:Wu, Caicong (1, 2); Wang, Dongxu (1); Chen, Zhibo (1); Song, Bingbing (1); Yang, Lili (1); Yang, Weizhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Weizhong(ywz@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:42-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To solve the critical shortage and the increasing cost of rural labor, the concept of "one person, multiple machines" were proposed and an autonomous driving and operating system for SF2104 was developed. The hardware of the system included SF2104 tractor with a power reverser transmission and wire-controlled chassis, WAS-3106 angle sensor, 1SZ-230 subsoiler, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) based auto-steering system for agricultural machinery (FARMSTARF2BD-2.5RD), SF9507 vehicle controller, and mobile monitor such as smartphone and PC (personal computer). The control system mainly included three function units, i.e., data acquisition unit, planning and control unit, and movement unit. The navigation and control method was deployed in the planning and control unit according to the hierarchical control method. The entire method constituted of the layer of navigation planning, the layer of behavior control, and the layer of behavior execution. The operation width, the turning radius and the first operation path (AB straight line) from user inputs were transferred to the layer of navigation planning, and it also used to calculate the path network data. The path network data, wheelbase from user inputs and the real-time data (i.e., location, heading and front wheel angle), were transferred to the layer of behavior control involving the target behavior decision. The decision of the target behavior wouldl be transferred to the layer of behavior execution, which derived the target front wheel angle, the target engine rotation speed and the target implement position. The layer of navigation planning generated the path network data to meet the requirement of operating in the field and turning in the headland through the FSP (First Turn Skip Pattern). The layer of behavior control made the decisions of target behavior, including lateral control, speed control, turning control, lifting control, current path update and operation ending. When the tractor entered the operating strip, the system identified the starting point of the operation, and sequentially executed the behavior of implement lowering, the behavior of speed increase, and the behavior of tracking the AB straight line. When the tractor finished the operation of the current path, the behaviors of implement lifting, speed reduction, and turning were executed sequentially. The behavior of speed control was executed by controlling the tractor's engine rotation speed at a high value or a low value through the vehicle controller. The behavior of lifting control was executed by transmitting an implement status value to the controller of the hydraulic lifting system. The behavior of turning control was executed by transmitting a fixed front wheel angle which was calculated by tractor kinematics turning distance. The subsoil operation experiments were carried out in the Shunyi District of Beijing. The experiments included the manual driving group and the autonomous driving group. For the autonomous driving group, the operating trajectories were straight and smooth, the average standard deviation of lateral deviation was 4 cm, the average operating speed was 1.66 m/s, and the standard deviation of operating speed was 0.09 m/s. During the stable operating stage in the field, the standard deviation of engine rotation speed was 7.9 r/min, and the range of the average implement position was 23.8. For the manual driving group, the operating trajectories were not smoother than the trajectories of the autonomous driving group, and the average standard deviation of lateral deviation was 8 cm, the average operating speed was 2.98 m/s, and the standard deviation of operating speed was 0.27 m/s. The stability of engine rotation speed and the range of implement position were also poor in manual driving group. The results showed that the autonomous driving group outperformed the manual driving group in terms of operating accuracy and working stability, which can effectively reduce labor costs. This research provides a platform foundation and theoretical basis for the future research of multi-vehicle and multi-operation collaboration with less human operations.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Automobile steering equipment - Autonomous vehicles - Computer hardware - Data acquisition - Engines - Global positioning system - Man machine systems - Navigation - Personal computers - Rotation - Soils - Speed - Speed control - Speed regulators - Statistics - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Trajectories - Vehicle transmissions - Wages - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Data-acquisition units - Global Navigation Satellite Systems - Hierarchical control - Navigation and control - Navigation planning - Planning and control - Platform foundation - Working stabilities
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 912.4 Personnel - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 7.90e+00RPM, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-02m, Velocity 1.66e+00m/s, Velocity 2.70e-01m/s, Velocity 2.98e+00m/s, Velocity 9.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.18.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普