<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20204509468623
Title:Ventilation and heat preservation effects of heat recovery ventilation system in calf shed
Title of translation:热回收通风系统在犊牛舍的应用效果分析
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1, 2); Xu, Yiming (1, 2); Chen, Zepeng (1, 2); Zhu, Yinglin (1, 2); Feng, Guangjun (3); An, Jie (3); Liu, Jijun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Qingdao Liang Mo Agricultural Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Qingdao; 266000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:219-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Livestock production significantly depends on the animal health and comfort. In animal housing, the environmental atmosphere and temperature usually play an important role in livestock productivity. To remove moisture and odors replacing with fresh air has become necessary to promote the air quality for confined animals. However, this ventilation can pose a negative impact on the health of calves, particularly in the cold environment in winter. Therefore, the reasonable ventilation is important to balance the impact of cold environment and air quality on the health and productivity of calves in cold regions. In this study, taking the Xinjiang province, China, as research regions, a heat recovery ventilation system was investigated in 2019 and 2020, in order to reduce the impact of cold stress on the calf health, and further to achieve good performance of energy conservation and emission reduction in barn. There were a heat recovery cavity and a fiber air supply duct in the heat recovery and ventilation system. The heat recovery cavity was a cuboid with the dimensions of 34 m×1 m×0.4 m, including 10 fresh air ducts with the diameter of 150mm. The end of the cavity was connected with a fiber supply duct with a length of 70 m, where the diameter of the fiber duct was reduced from 350 to 300 mm. There were two rows of small holes with the diameters of 8 and 11 mm at the bottom of the fiber duct, where the spacing between holes was 50mm. Two cattle barns with the same structure and size were selected as the test barn and the control barn, respectively. The building size of both barns was 100 m×12 m×3 m. There were 112 Simmental cattle weighted around 50 kg in each barn. Two sets of heat exchange ventilation systems were used in the test barn. The equipment was suspended at a height of 3 m from the ground. The cold air outside the house was fed into the heat exchange chamber through an air supply fan with a positive pressure. After heat recovery, the fresh air inside the house was uniformly fed into the chamber through a small hole in the air supply pipe. Concurrently, the hot air inside the house was entered into the chamber through an air return fan under a positive pressure, transferring heat to fresh air, and then away from the chamber. As such, the control barn was naturally ventilated. The environmental data of two houses measured, while, the equipment performance of the heat recovery ventilation system was evaluated during the field test. Based on the experimental data, the performance of equipment was optimized further to improve the air quality in the shed. The results showed that the heat recovery ventilation system increased the temperature of fresh air by 10.15℃, and significantly reduced the concentration of daily CO<inf>2</inf> and NH<inf>3</inf> by 173.15 and 0.63 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Both systems can provide the ventilation amount of 1 097.83 m<sup>3</sup>/h for the test barn. The fan efficiency can reach about 55%, within the normal range. Specifically, the average wind speed at the outlet of air supply duct was 2.45 m/s, whereas, the wind speed at the beginning and end of air duct were 2.76 and 2.34 m/s, respectively. The system indicated a good energy saving, with a heat recovery efficiency of 76.17%, and an energy efficiency ratio of 3.1. The heat recovery efficiency was within the normal range of 50%-80%, whereas, the energy efficiency ratio was higher than the minimum energy saving standard of 2.5. The findings demonstrated that the proposed system can ensure an improved environment in the barn, with a high efficiency of energy recovery. This system can be used to balance between the ventilation and heat preservation during the calf production in winter. The reasonable trade-off between energy saving and environmental protection can be offer a great significant guidance for the calf production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Air quality - Ammonia - Animals - Ducts - Economic and social effects - Emission control - Energy efficiency - Farm buildings - Fibers - Heat exchangers - Houses - Productivity - Ventilation - Veterinary medicine - Waste heat - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Energy conservation and emission reductions - Energy efficiency ratio - Energy saving and environmental protection - Environmental data - Equipment performance - Heat recovery efficiency - Livestock production - Ventilation systems
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 402.3 Residences - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 643.5 Ventilation - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e+01kg, Mass_Density 1.73e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.30e-07kg/m3, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 7.62e+01%, Size 1.10e-02m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 3.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e+01m, Size 8.00e-03m, Velocity 2.34e+00m/s, Velocity 2.45e+00m/s, Velocity 2.76e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20204509468584
Title:Parametric analysis and verification of curved inlet pipe and impeller of vertical inline pump
Title of translation:立式管道泵进水弯管和叶轮的参数化分析与验证
Authors:Si, Qiaorui (1); Tang, Yajing (1); Gan, Xingcheng (1); Li, Hao (1, 2); Yang, Song (3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Research Center of Pumps, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture of Henan Province, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453003, China; (3) Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu; 610213, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:54-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The vertical inline pump is a centrifugal pump with the elbowed inlet pipe, which has excellent characteristics of simple structure, small volume, easy for installation, and so on. Therefore, it is widely applied in where the constraint is installation space. However, the curved inlet structure also has a negative impact on the inflow conditions before the impeller, which will result in the complex flow phenomenon and decrease of the pump performance. In order to study the features of flow distortion and its impact on the performance and stability of the inline pump, the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds average Naiver-Stokes equations with the shear stress transfer model were solved by commercial CFD code for the selected pump model in this study. Meanwhile, the Bezier curves were adopted to fit the profiles of the curved inlet pipe and the impeller. Thirty-nine coordinates of the control points of those Bezier curves and the number of the impeller blades were selected as the design variables for the parametric design of the inlet pipe and the impeller. Based on the Latin Hypercube Sampling method, 300 groups of cases were generated in the decision space, and the influence of these design variables on the inflow features and the performance of the inline pump was studied based on Pearson correlation analysis. In order to ensure the reliability of the numerical simulation, a validation experiment on the original pump was carried out. The comparison between the computational results and experimental results showed that the calculation has good accuracy on flow prediction, which could meet the requirements of further study. During the numerical investigation on the original case, a large flow separation area with a pair of secondary flow vortices was found in the inlet passage, which extended along the outer side of the inlet pipe, blocked the flow passage seriously, and deteriorated the outflow conditions of the inlet pipe. Under the nominal and part-load conditions, the main flow features in the inlet pipe were reverse vortex pair and backflow vortex, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed that the performance of the inline pump is significantly related to the blade shape and the number of blades. Under the nominal condition and overload conditions, the increase of the blade angle near the leading edge is beneficial to improve the efficiency and head while the increase of the blade outlet angle has only a positive effect on the lift of the head. Under the part-load conditions, the effect on the performance of the inlet blade angle is significantly reduced and the correlation between the outlet blade angle and the characteristics of the inline pump is prominent. It also reported that the cases with the inlet blade angle of 40°-50°, the outlet blade angle of 20°-40° and longer inlet pipe usually have better performance and stability, which have an average efficiency increase of 5% compared with the original case. The research can provide some reference for the design optimization of inline pumps.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Correlation methods - Efficiency - Flow separation - Impellers - Interpolation - Pumps - Shear flow - Shear stress - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Average efficiencies - Computational results - Correlation analysis - Latin hypercube sampling methods - Numerical investigations - Parametric -analysis - Part load conditions - Pearson correlation analysis
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20204509468462
Title:Development of cone disc type shelling mechanism for peanut seeds
Title of translation:锥盘式花生种子脱壳装置研制
Authors:Hao, Jianjun (1); Nie, Qingliang (1); Ma, Luping (1); Li, Jianchang (1); Song, Yahui (2); Long, Sifang (1); Zhang, Hebin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050035, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:27-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, the planting area of peanut is 5 million hm<sup>2</sup> and the yield is 17 million kg. Seed shelling is an important part of peanut seed preparation before sowing, the quality of peanut seed after shelling affects the emergence, growth and yield of peanut. At present, peanut seed shelling is mainly based on the shape characteristics of peanut pods, mechanical actions such as kneading, extrusion and impact are used to crack and break the peanut pods to complete the shelling. However, the existing peanut shellers have some problems, such as low rate of shell removal, high rate of seed damage and poor adaptability to peanut varieties. In order to solve the above problems, a cone disc shelling mechanism for peanut seeds was designed. Taking Huayu 23 peanut as the experimental object, the EDEM software was used to simulate the shelling process of peanut pods, and the optimal structure parameters of the cone type shelling mechanism were obtained by simulation analysis and prototype testing. The best structural parameters of the shelling mechanism were obtained through simulation analysis and prototype test, that is, the inclination angle of the lower cone was 25°, and the inclination angle of the upper cone was 30°. In order to further reduce the damage rate of peanut seeds, the rubber spines were pasted on the shell surface of the upper and lower cones of the machine. The rotation speed of lower cone, the minimum shelling clearance and number of rubber bumps were taken as experimental factors, threshing rate and damage rate of peanut were taken as response values, single-factor test and Box-Behnken test were conducted. ANOVA was performed on the test results by Design-Expert 8.0.6 software, and the regression models of the threshing rate and the damage rate between the rotation speed of lower cone, the minimum shelling clearance, the number of rubber bumps were established. The optimal combination of the three factors were obtained by the dual objective optimization method, that was the rotation speed of lower cone 270 r/min, the number of rubber bumps within one squire meter 5 500 and the minimum shelling clearance was 11 mm,respectively, at this time, the highest predicted value of the threshing rate was 97.95%, and the lowest predicted value of the damage rate was 3.19%. The comparative experiment results showed that compared with the drum type sheller for peanut seeds, the threshing rate of the cone disc sheller without rubber spines was slightly higher and the damage rate was slightly lower. The threshing rate of the cone disc sheller with rubber spines was increased by 2.03 percentage points, and the damage rate was reduced by 0.67 percentage points..According to the fatigue damage analysis of rubber spines, after 90 hours of shelling operation, the rubber skin was seriously worn and the shelling quality was reduced, it should be replaced in time. The research results can provide reference for the development and improvement of peanut seeds sheller.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Disks (machine components) - Quality control - Regression analysis - Rubber - Software testing - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Experimental factors - Fatigue damage analysis - Objective optimization - Optimal combination - Shape characteristics - Simulation analysis - Structural parameter
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.19e+00%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+02RPM, Size 1.10e-02m, Time 3.24e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20204509468659
Title:Optimization and experiments of picking head transmission system of horizontal spindle type cotton picker
Title of translation:水平摘锭式采棉机采摘头传动系统优化与试验
Authors:Chen, Tingguan (1, 2); Zhang, Hongwen (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Zhang, Longchang (1, 2); Wang, Jun (1, 2); Li, Jianxin (1, 2); Gu, Yanqing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Northwest Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hongwen(zhw_mac@shzu.edu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:18-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton is an important strategic material. With the increase of cotton planting costs, improving the level of mechanized harvesting has become an important way to improve the economic benefits of cotton planting. The main cotton harvesting machinery used in China is the horizontal spindle type cotton picker. In the process of production practice, the domestic cotton pickers have problems during high-speed operation, such as improper matching of picking speed ratio coefficient, badly gear worn and poor reliability of picking head transmission system. In view of the above problems, this paper optimized the transmission system of picking head based on the comprehensively consideration of the operating speed, transmission system reliability, operation quality and other factors, aiming to increase the operating speed of the cotton picker, improve the reliability of the picking head transmission system and the operation quality of picking head. According to the structure and working principle of the horizontal spindle type cotton picking head, the transmission route and transmission ratio of picking head transmission system of cotton picker were analyzed and calculated firstly. Then, the picking mechanism and picking conditions, such as the range of picking speed ratio coefficient of cotton picker, the actual number of turns needed to pick cotton petals and the picking time of spindle, were determined through virtual simulation technology and theoretical analysis and calculation. Meanwhile, the roller power gear in the transmission system of the picking head was selected as the optimization object, the tooth number of roller power gear, modification coefficient of the upper gear on clutch, modification coefficient of roller power gear and addendum height coefficient were selected as design variables, and the objective function and constraint conditions were established. The Genetic algorithm and 1stOpt software were used to optimize the transmission system of picking head. The optimization results were as follows: the number of teeth for the roller power gear was 72, the modification coefficient of the upper gear on the clutch was -0.14, the gear modification coefficient for the roller was 1.208, and the addendum height coefficient was 1.25. A cotton picking performance test bench was built combining the operation requirements of the cotton picker. The operation performance of picking head before and after optimization was verified on the test bench with the factors as follows: picking roller speed was 113-143 r/min, the operation speed was 5.93-7.20 km/h. The results showed that the working speed of the picking head was increased from 6.4 to 7.2 km/h, increased by 3.6%, and the work efficiency increased from 4.86 to 5.47 hm<sup>2</sup>/h, increased by 12.5%. Under the working speed of 7.2 km/h, compared with before optimization, the collection rate increased from 90.4% to 93.7%, increased by 3.6%, and the impurity rate decreased from 10.28% to 9.72% and decreased by 5.4%, which verified the rationality of the optimization of the picking head transmission system in this paper. The study can provide a reference for the development of picking head of cotton picker.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Electric power transmission - Gear teeth - Genetic algorithms - Reliability - Rollers (machine components) - Speed - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and calculations - Constraint conditions - High-speed operation - Mechanized harvesting - Modification coefficient - Operation performance - Transmission system reliability - Transmission systems
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.03e+01% to 9.72e+00%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 5.40e+00%, Percentage 9.04e+01% to 9.37e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.13e+02RPM to 1.43e+02RPM, Velocity 1.65e+00m/s to 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.78e+00m/s to 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20204509468553
Title:Parameter calibration of discrete element simulation model for pig manure organic fertilizer treated with Hermetia illucen
Title of translation:黑水虻处理的猪粪有机肥离散元仿真模型参数标定
Authors:Peng, Caiwang (1); Xu, Daojun (2); He, Xi (3); Tang, Yanhua (4); Sun, Songlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) School of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (4) Hunan Da Xiang Nong Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Songlin(hnndssl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:212-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pig manure treated by the Hermetia illucen was an organic fertilizer, to obtain the contact parameters of organic fertilizer accurately and quickly,, this work combine the method of a cylindrical lifting physical test with discrete element method, and simulation parameters of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure with moisture content of 43.6% was calibrated. Firstly, a physical test was carried out. The diameters of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particles were between 1.6 and 2.6 mm, and an steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 40 mm and a height of 120 mm was used. The organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particles were filled into the cylinder, and then lifted with a speed of 0.03 m/s. The angle of repose of the organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure was measured and the test was repeated for five times, as the mean angle of repose was 39.35°, and the variable coefficient was 0.75%. Secondly, the simulation test was carried out. Hertz-Mindlin with JKR contact model was selected from the system, and the discrete element simulation of the physical stacking test was performed by EDEM. Since the organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particles were near-spherical, the basic model of the software default was adopted to simulate organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure granules. Therefore, a basic sphere model with a radius of 1 mm was used and the three-dimension geometry model built by Solid Works was imported into the simulation software, with the cylinder lifting speed was 0.03 m/s, the fixed time step was 22% of Rayleigh time step, and the target save interval was 0.01 s. Repose angle of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure was taken as response value based on the Design Expert software8.0.6, and P-BD (Plackett-Burman Design) test was used to screen 10 initial parameters. It was found that not all discrete element model parameters of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure had significant impact on the angle of repose, so a screening process was made through Plackett-Burman Design. The results showed that organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure poisson ratio, organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particle density, and organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure rolling friction coefficient had significant impact on angle of repose. The best range of three significant influencing factors was determined by the steepest climbing test, the other seven factors in this test were the intermediate values of the initial range, and the three significant parameters gradually were increased and decreased until the relative error between the simulated value and the physical test value reached the minimum. Thirdly, the accumulation angle of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure was taken as the response value, Box-Behnken Design test was used to fit the test results using regression analysis, and the accumulation angle regression model was obtained. The determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> (0.988 1) and the correction determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup>adj (0.966 7) were both close to 1, indicating the model fitted better. The precision was 21.510, the variable coefficient was 1.78% and the lack-of-fit was non-significant, which showed that the regression model was very significant, and the accumulation angle could be predicted according to the model. the regression model was optimized, and the optimal values of three significant factors were obtained: organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure poisson ratio was 0.11, organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particle density was 1 703 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the coefficient of rolling friction of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure particleorganic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manures was 0.13. The simulation analysis was performed by the optimal parameter combination. The average repose angle was 38.61º, and the relative error between the repose angle and the experiment was 1.88%. which meant that the calibration parameters were accurate. The result can provide theoretical basis for the design of organic fertilizer of Hermetia illucen treated with pig manure related collecting and sieving machinery.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Calibration - Cylinders (shapes) - Friction - Machine design - Machinery - Mammals - Manures - Poisson ratio - Regression analysis - Software testing - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration parameters - Coefficient of rolling frictions - Determination coefficients - Discrete element modeling - Discrete element simulation - Optimal parameter combinations - Plackett-Burman designs - Simulation parameters
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.70e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.78e+00%, Percentage 1.88e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 4.36e+01%, Percentage 7.50e-01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 1.60e-03m to 2.60e-03m, Size 4.00e-02m, Time 1.00e-02s, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20204509468425
Title:Effects of correcting crop planting structure data to improve simulation accuracy of SWAT model in irrigation district based on remote sensing
Title of translation:遥感订正作物种植结构数据对提高灌区SWAT模型精度的影响
Authors:Wang, Weigang (1, 2); Shi, Haibin (1, 2); Li, Xianyue (1, 2); Zheng, Qian (1, 2); Zhang, Wencong (1, 2); Sun, Yanan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) High Efficiency Water-saving Technology and Equipment and Soil and Water Environment Effect in Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Haibin(shi_haibin@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:158-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study synthetically considered the spatial position accuracy and data precision for crop planting structure in order to ensure that the hydrological and nutrient loss processes were more veritably simulated and the simulation accuracy was further improved. The classification and extraction of field crops were conducted and the land use map was modified using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold method and Support Vector Machine (SVM) method based on GF-1 16 m WFV4 medium resolution remote sensing images in Hetao Irrigation District. The effect of the corrected spatial position and the improved accuracy of crop planting structure on the simulation accuracy of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model were evaluated using the modified land use map. The results showed that the classification of crops based on GF-1 16 m WFV4 remote sensing images agreed with the actual spatial distribution of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, with an overall accuracy of 89.61%, a mapping accuracy of over 88%, a user accuracy of over 88% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.86. The parameters with high level of sensitivity to the simulation of runoff and nitrate nitrogen were quite stable in the irrigation district. The simulation accuracy in terms of runoff was significantly affected by groundwater delay coefficient (GW_DELAY), groundwater evaporation coefficient (GW_REVAP), base flow alpha factor (ALPHA_BF), and soil evaporation compensation factor (ESCO). In addition, the simulation accuracy of nitrate nitrogen was markedly affected by nitrogen concentration in rainfall (RCN), the nitrate percolation coefficient (NPERCO), and the denitrification exponential rate coefficient (CDN). The corrected spatial position accuracy and data precision of crop planting structure effectively improved the accuracy of simulated values for runoff and nitrate nitrogen. In the calibration period (2009-2014), the R<sup>2</sup> for simulated runoff and nitrate nitrogen were improved to 0.76 and 0.70 from 0.63 and 0.62, respectively by correcting crop pattern locations. The efficiency coefficients were improved to 0.69 and 0.55 from 0.53 and 0.50, respectively, while the relative errors were decreased by 6.00% and 4.94%, respectively. In the validation period (2015-2016), R<sup>2</sup> was improved to 0.82 and 0.63 from 0.71 and 0.58, respectively. The efficiency coefficients were improved to 0.82 and 0.63 from 0.71 and 0.58, respectively, while the relative errors were decreased. Additionally, the R<sup>2</sup> of simulated runoff and nitrate nitrogen were improved to 0.76 and 0.70 from 0.68 and 0.66 by improving the accuracy of crop pattern data, respectively, in the calibration period. The efficiency coefficients were improved to 0.69 and 0.55 from 0.60 and 0.53, respectively, while the relative errors were decreased. However, in the validation period, R<sup>2</sup> was improved to 0.82 and 0.63 from 0.77 and 0.60, respectively, and efficiency coefficients were improved to 0.79 and 0.53 from 0.76 and 0.50, respectively. The simulation results of runoff and nitrate nitrogen based on SWAT model was easily affected by corrected spatial of crop pattern compared with data accuracy. Comprehensively correcting the spatial position and improving the data accuracy of crop planting structure effectively improved the simulation accuracy of the SWAT model in the irrigation district.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Calibration - Efficiency - Errors - Evaporation - Groundwater - Irrigation - Land use - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Remote sensing - Runoff - Solvents - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Efficiency coefficient - Evaporation coefficients - Hetao irrigation districts - Nitrogen concentrations - Normalized difference vegetation index - Percolation coefficient - Remote sensing images - Soil and Water assessment tools
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.94e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20204509468420
Title:Co-transport characteristics of graphene oxide and pentavalent arsenic in modified porous media
Title of translation:氧化石墨烯和五价砷在改性多孔介质中的共迁移特征
Authors:Meng, Qingtao (1, 2, 3); Guan, Duo (3); Jiang, Yanji (3); Sun, Huimin (3); Yin, Xianqiang (3); Wang, Nong (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin; 300191, China
Corresponding author:Yin, Xianqiang(xqyin@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:142-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Arsenic is one of the main elements of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil. In the process of remediation of arsenic-contaminated farmland soil, it is often overlooked that nanoparticles can re-release the bound arsenic, leading to an increase in the effective arsenic concentration. Due to its high specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity, Graphene Oxide (GO) can be used as a carrier of pollutants to carry pollutants and migrate in groundwater environments. However, researches on the transport behavior of anions Arsenic (As(V)) and GO have not been reported. Clay minerals are more active solid components in the soil and play an important role in affecting the migration and transformation of pollutants. Exploring the influence of clay minerals in the soil on the transport behavior of GO and As(V) in porous media is of great significance for improving the theory and model of the fate and transport of nanoparticles and As(V) in the soil, and protecting the soil-groundwater environment. In this study, the influence of clay minerals on the transport behavior of GO and pentavalent As(V) in porous media was investigated. The montmorillonite and kaolinite were used to modify the quartz sand, and the surface characteristics of the modified quartz sand were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The migration behavior of GO, As(V) and GO-As(V) in 0%, 10%, 30%, and 50% montmorillonite and kaolinite modified quartz sand column was systematically studied by sand column transport experiment. The difference of the effect of different addition ratios on the transport of As(V) and GO was analyzed with the t-test (paired sample test), and the transport behavior of GO colloids in porous media was explained with Darjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The research results showed that the kaolinite particles coated on the surface of quartz sand were separated between particles, and the size was different. The montmorillonite particles coated on the surface of the quartz sand were stacked layer by layer in the shape of an amorphous sheet with a pore-shaped structure. GO and As(V) alone had high mobility in porous media. GO and As(V) both had high mobility in pure quartz sand column, and the recovery rates were 96% and 94%, respectively. The proportion of kaolinite and montmorillonite modified quartz sand added was increased to 10%, 30%, and 50%. The migration ability of GO and As(V) all showed a decreasing trend, there were significant differences in the migration curves of GO and As(V) under different conditions (P<0.05). The recovery rate of GO in the 50% kaolinite modified quartz sand column was 14% lower than that of the quartz sand column, and the recovery rate in the montmorillonite modified quartz sand column was reduced by 17%, while the As(V) decreased by 15% and 12% respectively. When both GO and As(V) existed in the solution, the Zeta potential of GO decreased from -21.3 to -26.7 mV. The presence of As(V) increased the negative charge carried on the GO surface and increased the repulsive force with the surface of the medium. On the other hand, it showed that GO could be used as a carrier of As(V) to carry As(V) for migration. Therefore, the migration ability of GO and As(V) in kaolinite and montmorillonite modified quartz sand was greater than their transport alone. The analysis showed that the mobility of As(V) in the montmorillonite modified quartz sand column was greater than that of kaolinite modified quartz sand, while the mobility of GO was opposite. When both GO and As(V) existed in the solution, the mobility of both in the medium was greater than their transport alone. The transport behavior of GO in packing modified quartz sand with different proportions was consistent with the DLVO theory. This study showed that they could accelerate the transport of As(V) and caused the expansion of soil arsenic pollution after GO and As(V) being released into the porous media.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Farms - Graphene - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Heavy metals - Kaolinite - Mineral exploration - Nanoparticles - Particle size analysis - Porous materials - Quartz - Recovery - Sand - Scanning electron microscopy - Soil testing - Soils - Sols - Spectrometers
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Arsenic concentration - Energy dispersive spectrometers - Groundwater environment - Heavy metal pollution - High specific surface area - Surface characteristics - Transport characteristics
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 501.1 Exploration and Prospecting Methods - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 761 Nanotechnology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 933 Solid State Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Voltage -2.13e-02V to -2.67e-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20204509468477
Title:Application of metabolomics in monitoring the qualities of meat and meat products
Title of translation:代谢组学在肉及肉制品品质监测中的应用
Authors:Chen, Xue (1); Luo, Xin (1, 2); Liang, Rongrong (1); Zhu, Lixian (1); Yang, Xiaoyin (1); Han, Mingshan (3); Cheng, Haijian (4); Zhang, Yimin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing; 210095, China; (3) National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System, Tongliao Station, Tongliao; 028100, China; (4) National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System, Jinan Station, Jinan; 250000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yimin(ymzhang@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:291-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Meat and meat products have been the most important sources of proteins in the human diet, particularly on directly linking to public health and welfare. Meat quality has attracted much more attention for the meat industry worldwide, as the meat consumption is increasing in recent years, due to the improvement of living standards. Generally, the meat quality depends highly on pre-slaughter factors, including breed, age, muscle types, as well as the ways of post-slaughter processing, where the alteration of metabolites normally occurs all over the stages during meat production. Thus, the intrinsic mechanism of meat quality at the metabolites level has been a highly relevant issue for improving the nutritional value of meat. As a branch of systems biology, metabolomics mainly focuses on the whole metabolome, metabolites of molecular weight below 1 500 Da, to represent in a biological system, whether it being stimulated or disturbed. Recently, the interest in the application of metabolomics has been extended to the field of meat science with constantly rising studies. This present review systematically summarized the main techniques that used in metabolomics, based on the methodology of recent studies, including the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS), as well as the applied methods for data analysis. Five aspects were also overviewed, according to the recent findings in metabolomics associated with meat quality traits. 1) In pre-slaughter factors, animal breed, ages, muscle types, and diet can be recognized as the most significant indictors of meat quality. Most previous studies confirmed that the metabolomics profiling related to age or breed can contribute to the assessment of meat quality, and thereby to provide theoretical support for the development of high-quality meat resources. Moreover, the different types of muscle in an animal have shown the distinct metabolic characteristics of individual energy. In recent reports, these differences in postmortem muscle metabolites were identified to provide useful theoretical information regarding the biochemistry process of muscle to meat conversion. Additionally, metabolomics has shown a promising potential to distinguish the various feeding regime, and dietary addition of mate extract, such as naringin, hesperidin, further to facilitate the creation of novel management schemes for mitigating limitation in meat quality. 2) Metabolomics can offer a new perspective to predict the post-mortem ageing time, shelf-life of meat and meat products. Previous studies also found that the metabolomics can achieved data information on the flavor and taste that related to metabolites changes, particularly occurring on ageing of meat, predicting ageing time, and differentiating various aging conditions. The reason is that the metabolites variation in meat depended mainly on the ageing time and conditions after post-mortem. The growth and enzymatic activity of microorganisms can cause the meat decomposition and formation of metabolites, resulting in the meat spoilage. Hence, those changes have also been reviewed on critical metabolites that exploited for monitoring the shelf-life of meat. 3) In processed meat products, numerous biochemical and biophysical reactions can pose some influence on the final quality during meat handling and cooking. These changes detected by metabolomics can be contributed to the optimization of the processing technology. 4) A potential technique of metabolomics was applied to identify metabolic markers that selected for the substantiation of the claim, and further to aid in the certification of the geographical origin of meat product. 5) Metabolomics has also been developed as a useful tool for the adulteration detection of meat and meat products, showing the reliable meat identification. Finally, an insightful prospect was made, in order to provide a sound theoretical basis for the further application of metabolomics to meat science.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:71
Main heading:Thermal processing (foods)
Controlled terms:Animals - Biomolecules - Flavonoids - Gas chromatography - High performance liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Meats - Metabolism - Metabolites - Muscle - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Nutrition
Uncontrolled terms:Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopies - Geographical origins - Intrinsic mechanisms - Metabolic characteristics - Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) - Potential techniques - Processed meat products - Processing technologies
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20204509468445
Title:Operation faults monitoring of combine harvester based on SDAE-BP
Title of translation:基于SDAE-BP的联合收割机作业故障监测
Authors:Xi, Chenbo (1, 2); Yang, Guangyou (1, 2); Liu, Lang (1, 2); Liu, Jing (1, 2); Chen, Xuehai (1, 2); Ma, Zhiyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan; 430068, China; (2) Hubei Engineering Research Center for Intellectualization of Agricultural Equipment, Wuhan; 430068, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Guangyou(pekka@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:46-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of deep feature extraction of nonlinear feature signal of operation faults of combine harvester and improve the diagnosis accuracy of fault recognition, a method based on Stack Denoising Auto Encoder -Back Propagation neural network(SDAE-BP) model was proposed in this study. Lovol RG50 combine harvester was used as the test prototype, according to the analysis of the working procedure and failure mechanism of each component of combine harvester, NJK-5002C speed sensor was used to collect the rotation speed signal of feeding auger, impurity auger, grain beat auger, fan, threshing cylinder and conveyor chain harrow, and the frequency signal of sickles and straw walker, and the collected data sets were used as the input of the monitoring system. The monitoring system was consist of IPC-610L embedded industrial computer, USB-4711 data acquisition module, EYOYO interactive display screen and LTE-1101J sound and light alarm device. The SDAE model was used to extract the deep feature of the input signal, the extracted deep feature was sent to the BP neural network and then the operation status of combine harvester was classified. During the training process, the first step was to train the DAEs (Denoising Auto Encoder) under different gaussian noises distribution center respectively, after all the DAEs was trained, stacking the DAEs all together and fine-tuning the model's parameters through the error back propagation algorithm. The noise center of DAE was far away from 0, which meaned that the original data was seriously damaged, the model could learn global coarse grained features, the noise center of DAE was close to 0, which indicateds that the damage degree of original data was low, and the model could learn local coarse grained features, in other words, training each DAE with different gaussian noise centers, the SDAE model would learn both global and local coarse grained characteristics which was of great significant to improve the model's expressive ability of deep feature. The experiments were carried out in 2018 to verify the proposed method, and the results showed the diagnostic accuracy rate reached 99.00%, which improved by 1.50 and 4.50 percentage points respectively compared with SDAE and BP neural network. The DAE-BP model was updated with the test data of 2019, and tested with the data of 2018 and 2019. The results show that the fault identification accuracy rate of the updated model for the test data in 2018 was 99.25%, and that for the test data in 2019 was 98.74%,which increased by 6.52 percentage points than that of the unupdated model. The model established in this paper can accurately identify the fault type of combine harvester, and has good robustness, which has reference value for the fault monitoring and early warning of rotating machinery.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Backpropagation
Controlled terms:Augers - Combines - Data acquisition - Differential equations - Display devices - Failure (mechanical) - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Harvesters - Learning systems - Monitoring - Neural networks - Signal encoding
Uncontrolled terms:Back propagation neural networks - Data acquisition modules - Diagnostic accuracy - Distribution centers - Error back propagation algorithm - Fault identifications - Industrial computers - Interactive display
Classification code:502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.87e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Percentage 9.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20204509468637
Title:Design of automatic group sorting system for fattening pigs based on machine vision
Title of translation:基于机器视觉的育肥猪分群系统设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Jianlong (1, 2); Zhuang, Yanrong (1, 2); Zhou, Kang (1, 2); Teng, Guanghui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Teng, Guanghui(futong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Excessive weight variation among slaughtered fattening pigs has posed a practical challenge on the economic benefits of pig farm in recent years. Therefore, live weight homogeneity of pig batches during fattening has drawn great interest in the pig industry. In this study, an automatic sorting system was developed for the growing and fattening pigs, using the machine vision technology and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) framework, in order to reduce the weight variation among pigs, and further to save labor in the subsequent process. A CNN model in the system was used to estimate the weight of pigs, instead of ground scale. This arrangement can effectively avoid the influence of manure on the surface corrosion and the accuracy of facilities. The back images (200×100 pixels) of pigs served as the input data in the model, thereby to estimate the weight of pigs ranging from 25 to 102 kg with the accuracy of 93%, and the average estimated time of 0.16 s. In view of changing every day, the standard value of sorting was set as the 30th percentile of pigs weight from the previous day in an ascending order. The pigs that heavier than the baseline were considered as the fast-growing pigs (FP), otherwise, they were supposed as the slow-growing pigs (SP). The modelling system was performed on the LabVIEW software development platform and internet of things, where the average time for each pig to pass through the system was 6.2 s. Field experiments were carried out to verify the application effect of the system at a commercial pig farm in Shandong province in March, 2019. The experimental pig house was divided into 12 pens, four of which were merged and installed with the sorting system. The experimental pen (EP) consisted of the feeding area for FP, feeding area for SP, and lying area. The pigs fed in EP were treated as the experimental group. Specifically, the pigs first passed through the sorting system before feeding, and then entered the corresponding feeding area after being marked as SP or FP. Therefore, two groups each time, including SP and FP, were categorized after the pigs were fed. The pigs in other four unmodified pens were regarded as the control group, in which the pigs were fed and sorted by traditionally manual method. At the beginning of the experiment, the initial average weights of the pigs in the experimental and control group were 32.21 and 31.76 kg, with the values of standard deviation (SD) of 2.61 and 2.49 kg, respectively. At the end of experiment, the average weights of the pigs in the experimental and control group were 57.68 and 57.41 kg, where the values of SD were 5.26 and 5.51 kg, and the total feed-to-meat ratios were 2.31 and 2.34 kg, respectively. The number of pigs in the weight range of 45-50 kg in the experimental group was less than that of control group. There was no significant difference in the average weight, SD, and total feed-to-meat ratio between the two groups during the experiment. In the early stage of the experiment, the weight variance of the experimental group increased faster than that of the control group, for the reason that the grouping system was not activated, and then the change was slower than that of the control group. The results indicated that the proposed system can be equivalent to the manual adjustment for the group feeding of pigs, while, the sorting system can be used for group feeding to save labor. The findings can also provide a sound theoretical reference for the development of intelligent pig feeding equipment, such as sow feeding and breeding station in the pig industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Mammals
Controlled terms:Application programs - Computer programming languages - Computer vision - Convolutional neural networks - Corrosion - Feeding - Fertilizers - Scales (weighing instruments) - Software design - Sorting
Uncontrolled terms:Application effect - Automatic sorting systems - Economic benefits - Experimental groups - Feeding equipment - Machine vision technologies - Shandong province - Standard deviation
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.31e+00kg, Mass 2.34e+00kg, Mass 2.49e+00kg, Mass 2.50e+01kg to 1.02e+02kg, Mass 2.61e+00kg, Mass 3.18e+01kg, Mass 3.22e+01kg, Mass 4.50e+01kg to 5.00e+01kg, Mass 5.26e+00kg, Mass 5.51e+00kg, Mass 5.74e+01kg, Mass 5.77e+01kg, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Time 1.60e-01s, Time 6.20e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20204509468692
Title:Evaluation of circular development mode for dairy cow industrial parks based on emergy value analysis
Title of translation:基于能值分析的奶牛产业园区循环发展模式评价
Authors:Dong, Shanshan (1, 2); Sui, Bin (2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 3); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Sui, Bin(suibin@agri.gov.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:227-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The circular agriculture mode with the biogas project as a link is one of the critical modes to reduce waste pollution and improve resource utilization in industrial parks. This research was to construct an emergy evaluation index system suitable for the circular agriculture mode of the industrial park. A typical representative industrial park in Hebei Province was chosen as a case study. The results of four common biogas projects were compared, including anaerobic fermentation using continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), wet two-phase anaerobic digestion, dry sequential batch anaerobic digestion and dry steady anaerobic digestion. To compared with each other, the effect of the circular agriculture mode with the biogas project as a link was evaluated. In the industrial park, a total of 5 500 dairy cows were bred annually and the park had a breeding area of 6.05×10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>2</sup>. A biogas project that could treat 1 000 m<sup>3</sup> of dairy cow manure per day was built. The CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was used to produce the biogas. The biogas slurry was used as a liquid fertilizer for the planting industry, forming a circular agricultural system for multi-level utilization of agricultural waste. The results showed that, compared with the other three biogas engineering modes, the CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was more suitable for the industrial park. The total emergy input of this mode was 1.69×10<sup>18</sup> sej. Among them, the emergy value of renewable environmental resources was 3.87×10<sup>16</sup> sej and the emergy value of non-renewable environmental resources was 5.24×10<sup>16</sup> sej. The emergy input of environmental resources, accounting for 5.38% of the total emergy input. The renewable organic emergy value was 3.70×10<sup>17</sup> sej and the non-renewable supplement emergy value was 1.23×10<sup>18</sup> sej. The emergy input from external resources dominates, accounting for 94.62% of the total emergy input. The input of raw materials and emergy was the central part of the external resource input. The emergy yield was 6.55×10<sup>17</sup> sej, of which the energy value of maize, milk, biogas, organic fertilizer and other products was 4.18×10<sup>17</sup> sej, accounting for 63.77% of the output emergy value. And the emergy value of reused resources such as biogas residue and biogas slurry was 2.37×10<sup>17</sup> sej, accounting for 36.23% of the output emergy value. Based on the analysis of emergy input and output, the total index values in the industrial park were further calculated and the results showed that the emergy input rate of the circular agriculture mode with the CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was 17.57. It was lower than the other three modes and the goal of reducing system resources was achieved. The emergy yield ratio of the CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was 0.41. The proportion of wastes such as biogas residue and biogas slurry in the system was higher than those of the other three modes, decreasing the overall input cost of the system and improving the production efficiency of the system. The environmental loading ratio of the CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was 0.33. The emergy sustainable index of the CSTR anaerobic fermentation biogas project was 1.23, indicating that the system has more vitality and development potential. On the whole, the overall benefit of this model was better than the other three models, and it was the most suitable biogas project mode for the industrial park. The database and the constructed evaluation index system of emergy value is also relevant to the evaluation of other industrial parks. The results can be used to evaluate the circulation model on the same scale and to analyze important parameters such as the ratio of cultivation to breeding scale and the treatment capacity of biogas projects in the system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Biogas - Cultivation - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Industrial research
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Development potential - Environmental Loading Ratio - Environmental resources - Evaluation index system - Production efficiency - Two phase anaerobic digestion
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.62e+01%, Percentage 5.38e+00%, Percentage 6.38e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Volume 1.00e+03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20204509468605
Title:Design and test of photographic dendrometer based on Ultra Wide Band(UWB) positioning
Title of translation:UWB定位摄影测树仪设计与试验
Authors:Zhao, Ziyu (1); Feng, Zhongke (1); Tian, Yi (1); Liu, Jincheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Zhongke(zhongkefeng@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:167-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Estimation of trees position and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) is an important part of forest resources inventory. This study aimed to design a multi-functional, high-precision, real-time positioning tree-measuring device that integrates plot setting, DBH measurement, and tree position measurement based on the Ultra Wide Band(UWB) positioning principle, sensor technology, image processing technology, trigonometric functions and tree surveying theories. The main hardwares component of the equipment included CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image acquisition module, antenna, three-axis gyroscope module, three-axis accelerometer module and console module, the auxiliary components included fixed cloud platform and lithium battery. The software was developed by a modular structure compiled in android windows development environment based on the C++ language. According to the matching characteristics of the photogrammetric image feature points, the "surround shooting" sample plot observation method was proposed. The pix4D commercial software was used to established the three-dimensional point cloud model of the trees, and the LiDAR360 software was used to denoise the reconstructed 3D point cloud, extract the DBH and the position of the trees. In order to verify the accuracy of stand parameter extraction, the device was tested in four plots, that was Salix matsudana Koidz, Pinus tabuliformis Carr, Quercus mongolica and Koelreuteria Paniculat respectively. The results showed that the designed photographic dendrometer could be used to obtain the image of the trees and coordinate information in image quickly, the deviation and RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) of the DBH were -0.04-0.42 cm and 0.26-0.51 cm, and that of the position were -0.16-0.27 m and 0.23-0.34 m, respectively, the measuring precision conformed to the requirements of forestry investigation. The study can provide a reference for the forest survey.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Ultra-wideband (UWB)
Controlled terms:Antennas - Auxiliary equipment - C++ (programming language) - Charge coupled devices - Computer software - Fixed platforms - Forestry - Image processing - Lithium batteries - Mean square error - Surveys - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Development environment - Diameter-at-breast heights - Image processing technology - Positioning principles - Root mean squared errors - Three axis accelerometers - Three-dimensional point clouds - Trigonometric functions
Classification code:511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 702.1.1 Primary Batteries - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 901 Engineering Profession - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size -1.60e-01m, Size -4.00e-04m, Size 2.30e-01m to 3.40e-01m, Size 2.60e-03m to 5.10e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20204509468569
Title:Determination of parameters of GEM formula for dielectric properties of small size granular agricultural products
Title of translation:小粒径颗粒状农产品介电特性的GEM公式参数确定
Authors:Zhong, Runeng (1); Zheng, Qinhong (2); Yao, Bin (2); Xiang, Tai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Information Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Qinhong(zheng_qh62@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:281-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The dielectric properties are the response characteristics of bound charge in molecules of matter to external electric field, and the fundamental researches on the dielectric properties of agricultural products can provide a basis for microwave processing, nondestructive sensing, etc. In order to extend the application of general effective medium (GEM) in agricultural engineering and explore the novel calculation method for dielectric properties of agricultural products, granular agricultural products were taken as the study objects in this paper. The simulation model and numerical method for analyzing the effective dielectric properties of the accumulative granular agricultural products were established by using discrete element method, finite element method and average energy method. In addition, a great deal of simulation and experimental measurement was carried out. Based on the comparative analysis of numerical calculation data and experimental measurements data, the best dimensionless parameter of GEM formula for calculating dielectric properties of granular agricultural products at microwave band was proposed as A=5 and β=0.5 ( called Modified General Effective Medium of Agriculture, MGEMA). The feasibility, validity and accuracy of the numerical model and MGEMA formula were verified through experimentally measured data of some kinds of granular agricultural products, including grain, wheat, millet, maize pulp, and rapeseed, etc. The results showed that the repose angle error between the real and simulated of grain particle materials was 0.45%. Under the conditions of dielectric constant (2.0-10.0), dielectric loss factor (0.1-0.9), microwave frequency (2.0-12.2 GHz), moisture content (2.0%-19.7%, wet basis) and volume fraction (18.2 %-88.0 %) of agricultural product particles,the maximum error of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor that calculated by MGEMA formula were 0.40% and 1.20%, respectively. The accuracy was better than some traditional theoretical formulas. The method can be used for simulation analysis of effective dielectric properties of other kinds accumulation granular agricultural products in three dimension, and the MGEMA provides a theoretical formula with high accuracy for the dielectric properties study of granular agricultural products at room temperature (24℃).<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Dielectric devices - Dielectric losses - Dielectric properties - Electric fields - Electric insulation testing - Numerical methods - Particle size analysis - Pulp materials
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative analysis - Determination of parameters - Dielectric loss factors - Dimensionless parameters - External electric field - Nondestructive sensing - Numerical calculation - Response characteristic
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 708.1 Dielectric Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+09Hz to 1.22e+10Hz, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.82e+01% to 8.80e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00% to 1.97e+01%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 4.50e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20204509468472
Title:Model construction and verification of vegetation cover and management factor in southern red soil region of China
Title of translation:南方红壤区植被覆盖因子估算模型构建与验证
Authors:Huang, Jun (1, 2); Jin, Pingwei (1, 2); Jiang, Xuebing (1, 2); Lin, Liping (1, 2); Kou, Xinyue (1, 2); Xu, Zhou (1, 2); Liu, Bin (1, 2); Fang, Zongfu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Pearl River Basin, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou; 510610, China; (2) Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou; 510610, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:106-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Studying the change characteristic of vegetation cover factor in the red soil region and constructing vegetation cover factor calculation model can provide valuable information for regional soil erosion control and dynamic monitoring. Based on more than 200 field rainfall events in Soil and Water Conservation Experimental Extension Station of Wuhua County in Guangdong province, this study analyzed the quantitative relationship between the soil erosion modulus and factors which affected soil erosion. The plants were mainly Pinus massoniana Lamb., Eucalyptus gran dis Hill, Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr., Schima kwangtungensis Hung T. Chang,Rosa sericea Lindl., Dicranopteris dichoto ma (Thunb.) Bernh., Eriachne pallescens R. Br. and so on. The soil field water holding capacity was 26.7%-36.7%. The soil organic matter was 078%-1.69%. The artificial rainfall simulation device was used to produce rainfall. The effective rainfall area was 2 m by 3 m. The rainfall intensity was 0.5-2.5 mm/min. The rainfall dimeter was 0.6-2.2 mm. The rainfall uniformity was 81.5%-93.6%. This study obtained the vegetation cover factor values under different underlying surfaces based on the Chinese Soil Loss Equation, and constructed the quantitative model between the vegetation cover factor value and vegetation cover. The model was established based on data from 98 rainfall tests in 2016 and 2018, from 81 natural rainfall events in 2016 and from 29 natural rainfall events in 2017. Furthermore, the tested data were used at two spatial scales to verify the calculation accuracy of the model. The verification data was from 33 natural rainfall events in 2019 at Wubeihe station. In addition, data from Wuhua county was also used for model verification. The following key results were obtained: 1) The negative power function could be used to describe the relationship between the soil erosion modulus and vegetation cover, and the fitted equation reached a significant level (P=1.11×10<sup>-6</sup>). There was a significant positive logarithmic function relation between the soil erosion modulus and the soil moisture at 0-15 cm soil depth before each rainfall event (P=9.34×10<sup>-16</sup>). The soil erosion modulus increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of slope gradient. The soil erosion modulus increased significantly with the increase of the individual rainfall amount, the individual rainfall erosivity and the runoff depth (P≤1.08×10<sup>-13</sup>). 2) Based on the comparison of the statistics of fitted equations, the second-order exponential decay model was determined to quantitatively characterize the dynamic relationship between vegetation cover factor and vegetation cover. The fitted equation between vegetation cover factor and vegetation cover based on the second-order exponential decay model reached to a significant level (P=0.003), and the coefficient of determination and Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient were 0.947 and 0.876. The point scale verification result showed that the relative error of 90% verified samples were less than 0.30. The regional scale verification results showed that the absolute relative error of 70%-80% verified samples was less than 0.1. In summary, the calculation accuracy of the model was relatively ideal. The research results above could provide a useful method for in-depth understanding of the soil erosion characteristic and dynamic monitoring in red soil regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Rain - Soil moisture - Vegetation - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial rainfall simulations - Chinese soil loss equations - Coefficient of determination - Efficiency coefficient - Exponential decay models - In-depth understanding - Soil and water conservation - Water holding capacity
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.67e+01% to 3.67e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01% to 1.69e+00%, Percentage 8.15e+01% to 9.36e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 6.00e-04m to 2.20e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20204509468559
Title:Preparation of aromatic and bio-char by pyrolysis of biomass and plastics catalyzed by modified HZSM-5
Title of translation:改性HZSM-5催化生物质与塑料热解制备芳烃和生物炭
Authors:Zheng, Yunwu (1, 2); Wang, Jida (1, 2); Liu, Can (1, 2); Lin, Xu (1, 2); Lu, Yi (1, 2); Li, Wenbin (1, 2); Zheng, Zhifeng (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forest Biomass Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (3) Xiamen Key Laboratory for High-valued Conversion Technology of Agricultural Biomass (Xiamen University), Fujian Provincial Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen; 361102, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhifeng(zhengzhifeng666@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:190-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Metal oxides are widely used in the formulations of the catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, due to the large specific surface area, pore size, and suitable acidity. HZSM-5 was the best mesoporous catalyst for aromatics synthesis because of the best acidity. However, there are some problems, such as low target yield, catalyst coking and deactivation with solo the catalysts. In order to improve the quality of bio-oil, a catalytic co-pyrolysis vapor upgrading of bamboo sawdust and LDPE was conducted by a fixed bed reactor, further to investigate effect of bamboo to LDPE ratio (1:0, 2:1, 1;1, 1:2, 0:1) of pyrolysis and catalyst pyrolysis on product yield. This study also revealed the effect of metal oxide (including HZSM-5, CaO, MgO, CeO<inf>2</inf>, La<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and SnO<inf>2</inf>), the dual-catalyst bed of HZSM-5 and base catalysts, HZ to MgO ratio (HZ: MgO=5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5) and combination mode (layered mode and mixed mode) on the promotion of aromatic hydrocarbons and bio-char. In addition, an investigation was made to explore the synergistic effect, reaction mechanism, and process optimization. Experimental results illustrated that: the addition of LDPE and metal oxide can effectively promote the conversion of biomass, thereby to reduce the yield of bio-oil (from 36.82% to 9.76%~23.96%), and further to enhance the quality of bio-oil, and the graphitization degree of bio-char, indicating an obvious synergistic effect. Hydrogen-rich fragments that derived from LDPE can promote the Diels-Alder reactions of furans, and participate in the hydrocarbon pool reactions of non-furanic compounds. As a result, a high yield of hydrocarbons was achieved. Scum as the hydrogen donor, showed a significant synergistic effect with biomass to enhance the production of bio-oil and aromatic hydrocarbons, when the H/Ceff value exceeded 1. The maximum yield of aromatic hydrocarbons (89.32%) was obtained, when the optimal biomass to LDPE ratio was 1:2. MgO catalyst can facilitate the formation of phenol and alkylphenol. The MgO-based catalysts suppressed the formation of ethylene glycol, furans, carboxylic acids, and the aldehydes like acetaldehyde or hydroxyl acetaldehyde, but did not show much effect on the formation of hydroxyl acetone and acids. The formation of hydroxyl acetone was generally promoted by the oxide catalysts, as ketones were more stable than the aldehydes. CaO can effectively transform acids into ketones, as well as improved the yield of olefins. Moreover, La<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and SnO<inf>2</inf> can exhibit better effect on furans formation. The mixed mode can effectively improve the yield of aromatics, compared with the layered mode. Ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis using HZ mixed MgO with ratio of 2:1 increased the aromatic hydrocarbon yield to 84.99% and mono-aromatic selectivity to 60.09%. Meanwhile, the contents of toluene and xylene were 25.97% and 16.91%, respectively, at the bamboo to LDPE ratio of 1:1, pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C, catalytic temperature of 550 °C, and the feedstock to catalyst of 1:2. The mixed mode can effectively promote the selectivity of benzene, toluene, and xylene, whereas, the layered mode can effectively promote the formation of alkylbenzene. The addition of MgO obviously inhibited the formation of PAHs. The findings can provide an efficient method to produce high-quality biofuels from renewable biomass resources. Normally, different kinds of metal oxides had different effects on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and plastic, with the different ability of anti-carbon deposition. These factors should be fully considered in the development of metal oxide based catalysts.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Catalysts
Controlled terms:Acetaldehyde - Acetone - Aromatization - Bamboo - Biomass - Calcium oxide - Cerium oxide - Chemical reactors - Ethylene - Ethylene glycol - Lanthanum oxides - Magnesia - Metals - Mineral oils - Optimization - Organic pollutants - Oxide minerals - Petroleum industry - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Toluene - Xylene
Uncontrolled terms:Benzene , toluene , and xylenes - Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass - Diels-Alder reaction - Graphitization degree - Hydroxyl acetaldehydes - Large specific surface areas - Mesoporous catalysts - Pyrolysis temperature
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 513.3 Petroleum Products - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 6.01e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 8.93e+01%, Temperature 7.23e+02K, Temperature 8.23e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20204509468715
Title:Ecological restoration zoning of provincial territorial space in the ecologically fragile areas of northwest China
Title of translation:西北生态脆弱区省域国土空间生态修复分区
Authors:Liu, Chunfang (1, 3); Li, Pengjie (2, 3); Liu, Licheng (2, 3); Wang, Weiting (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Social Development and Public Administration, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:254-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the era of land spatial consolidation under the background of ecological civilization construction, ecological restoration of territorial space is an important method to improve the ecosystem service function and optimize the spatial structure. According to the method and practice demand of the current ecological restoration of provincial territorial space in the ecological fragile areas of Northwest China, this paper took the county (district) as the basic research unit, combined the supply-demand analysis of ecosystem services with the ecological restoration of land space, used the modified ecosystem service value equivalent to quantify the supply of ecosystem services, and measured the total demand of ecosystem services based on the per capita demand of specified ecosystem services. Finally, this paper explored the method of provincial ecological restoration based on the difference of coupling index between supply and demand of ecosystem services. Gansu Province is an important water conservation area of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, but it has been trapped with the problem of the mismatch between the supply and demand of ecosystem services for a long time, the human-environment contradiction is increasingly prominent, and the ecological environment problems such as soil erosion and vegetation destruction occur frequently. Based on the physical geographic environment and ecosystem characteristics of Gansu Province, the supply- demand analysis of food supply, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, water conservation and soil conservation services were conducted, and the spatial distribution traits were analyzed. Secondly, based on the supply-demand coupling status of four ecosystem services, the dominant mode of ecosystem services supply-demand coupling in each county (District) were identified. Thirdly, the paper identified the dominant restrictive factors and adjustability of the coupling mode of ecosystem services supply and demand, and then proposed the ecological protection and restoration and its leading direction according to the principle of "protecting ecological source areas and repairing damaged areas". The empirical result of case study in Gansu Province informs us that: 1) in addition to food supply services, the total supply of water conservation services, carbon sequestration and oxygen release services and soil conservation services in counties of Gansu Province is greater than the total demand, but there is a significant spatial mismatch between supply and demand. 2) There are four modes of supply-demand coupling condition in Gansu Province, which are "high supply and high demand", "low supply and high demand", "high supply and low demand", and "low supply and low demand", and the latter two are the dominant two modes. 3) According to the difference between the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services and the coupling mode of supply and demand, Gansu Province was divided into four ecological restoration regions: Oasis conservation, carbon sequestration, water conservation and soil conservation. Based on the physical geographical environment and regional ecological problems, the 4 regions were further divided into 12 sub regions, and corresponding ecological protection and restoration engineering suggestions were proposed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Carbon - Economics - Food supply - Geographical regions - Oxygen supply - Restoration - Soil conservation - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environment problems - Ecological restoration - Ecosystem service functions - Ecosystem service values - Geographical environment - Soil conservation services - Vegetation destruction - Water conservation areas
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822.3 Food Products - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20204509468414
Title:Detection of early browning in pears using vibro-acoustic signals
Title of translation:基于声振信号的香梨内部早期褐变判别
Authors:Zhang, Hui (1); Wu, Jie (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Research Center of Agricultural Mechanization for Economic Crop in Oasis, Ministry of Education, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jie(wjshz@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:264-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Core browning in Korla pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) occurs generally during storage at room temperature. The browning disorder can significantly reduce the shelf stability, and thereby to cause considerable economic losses. Moreover, the browning part of pears can be taken in the juicing process, leading to the juice toxins over the safety limit for drinking. Therefore, a reliable and rapid method has been urgently demanding to nondestructively detect internal disorder for high-quality fruits. In this study, an acoustic system using the piezoelectric beam transducers was developed for nondestructively detecting disorder of pears with different internal browning. The obtained response signals were analyzed to extract 11 statistical features in time domain, and seven statistical features in frequency domain. Accordingly, three modes of feature vectors were formed in the time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain. A Compensation Distance Evaluation Technology (CDET) was also used to evaluate the sensitivities of each parameter in feature vectors. Normally, the larger values of sensitivity evaluation factor can imply the higher sensitivities to the browning classes of pears. Based on sensitivity evaluation factors values in the healthy and browning of pears, the descending order of 11 time-domain features were the mean (T<inf>1</inf>), shape factor (T<inf>11</inf>), kurtosis (T<inf>6</inf>), square root amplitude value (T<inf>5</inf>), clearance indicator (T<inf>8</inf>), peak (T<inf>3</inf>), impulse factor (T<inf>9</inf>), root mean square (T<inf>2</inf>), short-time energy (T<inf>4</inf>)<inf>,</inf> kurtosis factor (T<inf>7</inf>), and crest factor (T<inf>10</inf>). The sensitivities of seven frequency-domain features were also ranked in order, the variance (F<inf>2</inf>), mean square (F<inf>6</inf>), root mean square (F<inf>7</inf>), standard deviation (F<inf>3</inf>), mean (F<inf>1</inf>), kurtosis (F<inf>4</inf>), and gravity (F<inf>5</inf>). Combining two types of features, the descending order of all the features was as follows: T<inf>11</inf>, F<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>6</inf>, T<inf>5</inf>, F<inf>7</inf>, F<inf>6</inf>, T<inf>1</inf>, F<inf>3</inf>, F<inf>4</inf>, F<inf>1</inf>, F<inf>5</inf>, T<inf>8</inf>, T<inf>3</inf>, T<inf>9,</inf> T<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>4</inf>, T<inf>10</inf>, and T<inf>7</inf>. In the slight browning and moderate browning of pears, the sensitivities of time-domain features can be ranked in the descending order of T<inf>7</inf>, T<inf>11</inf>, T<inf>8</inf>, T<inf>3</inf>, T<inf>9</inf>, T<inf>10</inf>, T<inf>6</inf>, T<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>5,</inf> T<inf>4</inf>, and T<inf>1</inf>. The obtained order for the frequency-domain features was F<inf>4</inf>, F<inf>3</inf>, F<inf>7</inf>, F<inf>6</inf>, F<inf>1</inf>, F<inf>5</inf>, and F<inf>2</inf>. In the combined time-frequency features, the order was as follows: T<inf>11</inf>, T<inf>8</inf>, F<inf>6</inf>, T<inf>3</inf>, F<inf>7</inf>, F<inf>3</inf>, T<inf>7</inf>, F<inf>4</inf>, F<inf>1</inf>, F<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>9</inf>, F<inf>5</inf>, T<inf>10</inf>, T<inf>6,</inf> T<inf>2</inf>, T<inf>5</inf>, T<inf>4</inf>, and T<inf>1</inf>. Subsequently, a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm was utilized to train the classifier using the first n sensitive features as the inputted data. Therefore, a browning discrimination model was constructed for the moderate disorder, whereas, a slight browning discrimination model for the mild disorder. Both models performed the best, when combining the features from the time-domain and frequency-domain. In the browning discrimination model, a high overall accuracy of 91.84 % was obtained with the specific feature vectors, including three time-domain features (T<inf>11</inf>, T<inf>6</inf> and T<inf>5</inf>), and one frequency-domain feature (F<inf>2</inf>). In slight browning discrimination model, the slight browning of pears can be further identified with an accuracy of 81.82 %. In the case of slight browning, the specific feature vectors were adopted, including two time-domain features (T<inf>11</inf> and T<inf>8</inf>), and one frequency-domain feature (F<inf>6</inf>). In the confusion matrix analysis, the high values of F<inf>1</inf> indicated that two discrimination models can be used to achieve the high robustness and performance, and further to be generalized for the identification of fruits. These findings can provide a sound theoretical basis and strategy for the industrial real-time in-line detection, and automatic grading in the internal browning disorder of pears.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Frequency domain analysis
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Fruits - Grading - Higher order statistics - Losses - Nearest neighbor search - Time domain analysis - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Confusion matrices - Discrimination model - K nearest neighbor algorithm - Sensitivity evaluation - Statistical features - Time domain features - Time frequency domain - Time frequency features
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.18e+01%, Percentage 9.18e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20204509468583
Title:Improved design of opening controller of gate group during freezing period for the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project
Title of translation:南水北调中线工程封冻期闸门群开度控制器改进设计
Authors:Liu, Mengkai (1); Guan, Hui (1); Guo, Hui (2); Bi, Sheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Evergrande School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430081, China; (2) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan; 430010, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was constructed into a large-scale series canal system in a centralized automatic control mode for an operation management. There are the striking characteristics of long water transmission lines, and large scale of water transfer. Specifically, the height difference is 100 m from Danjiangkou Reservoir to Beijing. The water distribution can be achieved by adjusting the control gate using artesian water delivery, without any online regulation reservoir along the canal line. Therefore, a highly accurate adjustment is necessary for the flow regulation and control of the gate group during the operation and scheduling process, in order to realize the safe timely water delivery in an appropriate way. Many difficulties have arisen on the hydraulic control and dispatch of the main canal, due to numerous buildings along the main canal, while, the variations in water demand of each water diversion gate. Furthermore, a large hysteresis of hydraulic response usually occurred, due to the limitation from the propagation speed of the water wave. Accordingly, the change in the flow of any water diversion or control gate along the canal line can cause water level fluctuations within a certain channel range, showing a strong coupling effect. As such, the risk of ice jam can increase significantly, because of large hydraulic fluctuations during the freezing period, particularly on large-scale series canal systems. How to reduce hydraulic fluctuations through joint dispatching of gate groups can efficiently restrain the occurrence of ice jams during the freezing period in this case. In this study, taking the minimum deviation of water level as the objective function, an adjustment system was designed, including two control links, a conventional PI controller, and an optimization controller, while, combining with a genetic algorithm, a simulation model for the optimal dispatching of the sluice gate group was established suitable for the frozen period of the canal, considering the flow restriction between the canal pools, gate opening, and adjusting rate constraint. An optimization controller was comprehensively demonstrated, according to the verified modeling effect and the parameter sensitivity, based on the simulation experiment of control gates in the canal system between the ancient and the north Juma River currently. The simulation results show that the maximum deviation of water level can be significantly reduced under the simulated operating conditions, when adding an optimization controller in the system, compared with the only PI controller. Specifically, the maximum deviation of downstream water level decreased by nearly 36%, whereas, the recovery time of system was nearly 2.9 h ahead of time, indicating that the proposed model has a positive effect on suppressing the excessive hydraulic response, and stabilizing the water level during the freezing period. This will be beneficial to reduce the risk of ice jam. The reason was that the decrease in the deviation of the water level can be implemented via the flow control at the inlet and outlet of each channel pool, while better coordinating the need for storage adjustment between channels. The maximum opening of each gate can be reduced, but the adjustment amplitude of a single gate opening increased for some channels. The adjustment of gate opening degree can be feasible, due to the constraint of gate opening and adjustment rate. In the solving process of genetic algorithm, the specific value of random disturbance flow was recommended relatively small, due possibly to a negative effect on the optimization direction. In the constraint parameter of flow range, d, there was only a limited influence on the fluctuation range of water level, and the number of optimization iterations.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Automation - Constrained optimization - Flood control - Freezing - Genetic algorithms - Ice - Reservoirs (water) - Water levels - Water supply - Water supply systems - Water waves
Uncontrolled terms:Conventional-PI controller - Danjiangkou reservoir - Operation management - Optimization controller - Parameter sensitivities - South to North Water Transfer Project - Water transmission line - Water-level fluctuation
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 442.1 Flood Control - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.60e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m, Time 1.04e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20204509468577
Title:Design of chemiluminescence immunoassay detection system for zearalenone
Title of translation:玉米赤霉烯酮化学发光免疫分析检测系统设计
Authors:Wu, Caizhang (1); Liu, Dongdong (1); Hu, Liang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:308-312
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to ensure food safety, a zearalenone(ZEN) detection system was developed based on the measurement of the weak chemiluminescence signal of the reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide(H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled by ZEN for the food industry. The high-precision photomultiplier tube MD983 with side window and 16-bit AD conversion chip were used to realize accurate measurement of the chemiluminescence intensity signal. Rotating precision turntable was drived by the stepping motor. By optimizing the parameters of S-type pulse drive control curve of the stepping motor, the high-precision positioning control of the turntable was completed, and the test window of the photomultiplier tube and the chemiluminescence hole were accurately aligned. The accurate micro-sampler was driven by a linear guide slide table, and the accurate micro-sample injection of the micron level of the reaction liquid was realized. The competitive immunoassay method was adopted. When the concentration of ZEN was equal to 0 μg/kg, there was a maximum amount of luminescence, which solved the problem of detection accuracy under the condition of low concentration of ZEN. The results showed that the detection limit of the system was 0.1 μg/kg, the standard addition recovery was more than 90%, the determination coefficient of the standard curve was 0.995 6, and The linear range of the system for detecting zearalenone was 0-60 μg/kg. The results show that the Zen detection system can meet the requirements of national food industry for Zen content detection in cereals, and provide a reference for the localization of mycotoxin detection instruments.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Chemical contamination
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Chemiluminescence - Immunology - Photomultipliers - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Chemiluminescence immunoassay - Chemiluminescence intensity - Competitive immunoassay - Determination coefficients - High precision positioning - Horseradish peroxidase - Mycotoxin detections - Photo multiplier tube
Classification code:461.9.1 Immunology - 705.3 Electric Motors - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 741.1 Light/Optics - 822.3 Food Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20204509468689
Title:Construction and application of comprehensive evaluation index system for waste treatment on intensive livestock farms
Title of translation:规模化养殖场畜禽粪污处理综合评价指标体系构建与应用
Authors:Luo, Juan (1); Zhao, Lixin (2); Yao, Zonglu (2); Feng, Jing (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Yuan, Yanwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Zonglu(yaozonglu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Livestock breeding industry is rising rapidly, due to the increasing consumption demand for livestock products, as the improvement of the living standard of Chinese residents in recent years. There is a trend towards intensive, large-scale and professional cultivation in the livestock and poultry sectors, based on both practical experience from other countries, and the guidance of the Chinese government. Consequently, an increasing trend can also be found in the discharge amount of livestock manure, containing most nutrients while harmful ingredients. If these livestock manures were not treated timely, the environment would be polluted seriously, which would also in turn prevent the development of livestock breeding industry. As such, the livestock production has become "one of the three most significant contributors to today's most serious environmental problems". Intensive livestock cultivation has also posed a great challenge on natural ecological system. In this study, taking the manure treatment in intensive livestock farms as the research object, an evaluation index system was established by considering the regional differences, in order to evaluate comprehensive benefit of technical modes for the waste treatment in the current large-scale livestock and poultry manure. An Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to construct the comprehensive evaluation index system, based on the whole production chain, including planning layout, manure collection-storage-transportation, efficient treatment, transformation, and utilization to farmland. Three aspects of the index system can be divided into the technical, economic and environmental indicators, including three first-level index, six second-level index, and 15 third-level index. An expert scoring method was used to determine the weight of each index. Six types of modes for fecal sewage treatment technology were selected to verify the index system in three dominant areas of cow breeding. An example of field experiment was taken as a large-scale dairy farm in Hebei Province. The results showed that: the evaluation method can accurately assess the comprehensive benefits of livestock manure treatment in large-scale farms, covering a practical guidance and good operability. Specifically, the pre-separation composting mode and pre-separation bedding mode were recommended in Northeast China, whereas, the composting mode and pre-separation composting mode were recommended in Northwest China, and the fermentation mode was recommended in North China. It infers that the solid-liquid separation can have a significant impact on the treatment effect in different stages of manure treatment. In Northeast and Northwest China, the performance of pre-separation mode was better than that of the former separation. There was no significant difference in the post-separation mode in North China. The scores of environmental and technical indicators ranked higher at the waste treatment level for the large-scale dairy farm in Hebei Province, indicating a good performance of mode. Some suggestions were also proposed based on the existing conditions in the economic indicators. A case analysis further verified the practical guidance, operability and rationality of the index system. Therefore, this finding can provide a methodology system and theoretical support for the construction of fecal sewage treatment, as well as a sound important reference for the comprehensive benefit evaluation in the waste treatment of intensive livestock farms in the future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Dairies - Fertilizers - Manures - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Separation - Sewage treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Comprehensive evaluation index system - Environmental indicators - Environmental problems - Evaluation index system - Natural ecological system - Solid liquid separation - Treatment technologies
Classification code:452.2 Sewage Treatment - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20204509468601
Title:Design of potato connecting and conveying mechanism for 4UZL-1 type sweet potato combine harvester
Title of translation:4UZL-1型甘薯联合收获机薯块交接输送机构设计
Authors:Shen, Haiyang (1); Wang, Bing (1); Hu, Lianglong (1); Wang, Gongpu (1); Ji, Longlong (1); Shen, Gongwei (1, 2); Wu, Teng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Lianglong(hurxbb@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:9-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sweet potato is an important food crop and energy crop. In order to solve the problems of larger loss rate and high damage rate of 4UZL-1 sweet potato combine harvester during the operation process, a potato connection and conveying mechanism was designed based on the analysis of the structure of 4UZL-1 sweet potato combine harvester and characteristics of domestic sweet potato planting models in this paper. The potato connection and conveying mechanism was mainly composed of a depth limiting mechanism, a digging conveying mechanism, an arc grid conveying mechanism and a scraper chain conveying mechanism. The working parameters were obtained through the kinematic and mechanical analysis of the working process of the mechanism. Aiming at the main evaluation indexes of potato damage rate and loss rate during the transfer and transportation, the Box-Benhnken test was presented on the basis of single-factor test. The angle of the digging conveyor, the conveyor angle of the scraper chain, the conveyor speed of the digging and the conveyor speed of the scraper chain were selected as testing factors. The multiple regression model of evaluation index to each factor was established, and the influence of each factor on operation quality was analyzed, and the optimal structure and operation parameters were obtained. The results showed that the order of the significance influence of factors on potato loss rate from large to small was that the conveyor angle of the scraper chain, the conveyor speed of the digging conveyor, the conveyor speed of the scraper chain and the angle of the digging conveyor. The order of the factors influencing on potato damage rate from large to small was the conveyor speed of the digging, the angle of the digging conveyor, the conveyor speed of the scraper chain and the conveyor angle of the scraper chain. When the forward speed of the machine was 1 m/s, the angle of the digging conveyor was 20°, the conveyor angle of the scraper chain was 68°, the conveyor speed of the digging was 1.2 m/s, and the conveyor speed of the scraper chain was 0.67 m/s, respectively, the potato loss rate was 1.12%, and the potato damage rate was 0.94%. Compared with the predicted values, the relative errors were 3.4% and 1.1%, respectively, the results satisfied the performance requirements of the 4UZL-1 sweet potato combine harvester. The study is benefit for the structure improvement and operation parameters optimization of the sweet potato combine harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Mechanisms
Controlled terms:Chain conveyors - Combines - Crops - Harvesters - Quality control - Regression analysis - Speed - Structural optimization - Tools
Uncontrolled terms:Conveying mechanisms - Mechanical analysis - Multiple regression model - Operation parameters - Optimal structures - Performance requirements - Structure improvement - Working parameters
Classification code:601.3 Mechanisms - 692.1 Conveyors - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.12e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%, Percentage 9.40e-01%, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 6.70e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20204509468624
Title:Hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow based on particle image velocimetry
Title of translation:基于粒子图像测速的坡面流水动力学特性
Authors:Yang, Pingping (1, 2); Zhang, Huilan (3, 4); Wang, Yunqi (3, 4); Li, Rui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) Three-Gorges Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Chongqing Jinyun Forest Eco-System Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Rui(rlfer@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:115-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate measurement of overland flow velocity along flow depth is critical for hydraulic and soil erosion processes over hill-slopes, yet multipoint velocity along the flow depth has not realized a clear understanding of overland flow characteristics. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) breaks through the spatial simple point survey technology limit and not disturbing the flow due to optical measurement. This method could provide rich velocity information for overland flow. To match the shallow depth measurements, the resolution of PIV was improved up to 64 pixels/mm by adding the extension tubes and strengthen the light. Taking advantage of PIV, this study was to explore the hydrodynamics characteristics of overland flow, and the velocity in the streamwise and wall-normal direction were measured. The velocity was obtained by calculating the velocity of corresponding particles for two consecutive images. Experiments were carried out with seven overland flow conditions ensured by previous literature research, featured with flow depth changing from 0.55 to 1.1 cm, Reynolds number from 1 092 to 2 877, and Fraud number from 0.7 to 0.995, while an extra case of deep-water open channel flow was conducted as the control group. The statistical parameters of overland flow were studied, in terms of velocity profiles, correction coefficient, turbulence intensity, skewness, and kurtosis coefficient of instantaneous velocity. Results showed that 1) The velocities from flume bed to free surface were effectively measured using PIV. The correction coefficient equated the ratio of mean velocity to maximum velocity, which widely was used to dye and sault tracing methods, logarithmically increased with increasing Reynolds number when overland flow regimes belong to transition flow. However, the present mean correction coefficient equated to 0.77 in transition flow and was larger than 0.7 that acquired by dye and sault tracing methods. Because of the maximum velocity measured by dye and sault tracing methods were doubtable, the correction coefficient acquired by different methods were discrepant. The PIV had clear physical meanings, that could distinguish maximum and mean velocity. 2) The turbulent intensity was the second moment of instantaneous velocity and represented the pulse of fluid. Compared with deep-water open channel turbulent flow, the turbulence intensity and Reynold stress were not stable for overland flow. The streamwise turbulent intensity of overland flow was larger than that of deep-water open channel turbulent flow, while wall-normal turbulent intensity was smaller. As increasing flow depth and Reynold number, turbulent intensity became stable and closed to that of deep-water open channel turbulent flow. The parts of fluids affected by Reynolds stress was about 80% for deep-water open channel turbulent flow while that was less than 80% for overland flow. Moreover, the parts of fluids affected by Reynolds stress became larger with increasing Reynolds number for overland flow. 3) The skewness and kurtosis coefficient were the third and fourth moments of instantaneous velocity, which described the shape of the probability density function. The higher the order of the moment, the more accuracy of measurement was required. The skewness and kurtosis coefficient of control groups well agreed with the previous study, implying the reliability of the present experiments. The skewness coefficient and the kurtosis coefficient of overland flow were different from deep-water open channel flow and gradually closed to the curve of deep-water open channel flow as increasing flow depth. Based on the features of the skewness coefficient, more instantaneous velocity larger than the mean velocity occurred near the flume bed region, while more instantaneous velocity smaller than the mean velocity occurred near the free surface region. Most parts of the overland flow of the kurtosis coefficient were larger than 3, implying the probability that occurred with excessive velocity for overland flow was lower than that of deep-water open channel turbulent flow, due to the limitation of shallow depth and the coherent structure had not enough space to fully develop. Although PIV is not suitable for field tests and erodible flume bed due to block of camera view, PIV has a unique advantage, i.e. multiple point survey, contactless, and high-frequency measurement. Thus, this method could further apply in the research of soil and water conservation and could help study the water erosion mechanism.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Open channel flow
Controlled terms:Bathymetry - Erosion - Flow velocity - Flow visualization - Higher order statistics - Hydrodynamics - Optical data processing - Probability density function - Reynolds number - Soil conservation - Surveys - Transition flow - Turbulence - Turbulent flow - Velocimeters - Velocity - Velocity measurement - Wall flow - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of measurements - Correction coefficients - High frequency measurements - Hydrodynamic characteristics - Hydrodynamics characteristics - Particle image velocimetries - Soil and water conservation - Statistical parameters
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 5.50e-03m to 1.10e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20204509468479
Title:Variations in vegetation cover and natural factors of provinces in China along Silk Road Economic Belt during 2000-2018
Title of translation:中国丝绸之路经济带沿线植被覆盖变化及自然影响因素分析
Authors:Hu, Kehong (1); Zhang, Zhen (1); Gao, Min (1); Lu, Yijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geomatics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhen(zhangzhen@aust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:149-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Changes of vegetation cover directly determine local climate and ecological balance, particularly on environmental construction and land use. Western China is included in the Silk Road Economic Belt, accounting for more than half of the total land area of China, but its economic development is relatively backward. Much attention has paid to construct a friendly environment while developing economy, in order to achieve the sustainable development of the green economy in western China. It has become one of the urgent issues to clarify the influence of natural factors on vegetation cover, and thereby to take corresponding measures or policies. In this study, five provinces in northwest China and four provinces in southwest China were selected as the study area, where the complex and diverse characteristics of terrain and climate have shaped the unique spatial distribution pattern of vegetation cover. MOD13 Q1 and SRTM was accessed online, based on massive remote sensing data shared by Google Earth Engine (GEE) and powerful ground analysis capabilities. The monthly climate data set was from the China Meteorological Data (http://data.cma.cn/), while, the humidity index, cumulative temperature (≥10℃), soil type, vegetation type, and physiognomy type were all from the Resource and Environmental Science Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.resdc.cn/). The linear regression, Maximum Value Composite (MVC) and mean method were used to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation cover in provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China during 2000-2018. A total of eight factors can be identified on the changes of vegetation cover, using factor detector and ecological detector in the geographical detector to screen out the annual average precipitation, humidity index, vegetation type, soil type, annual average temperature, physiognomy type, slope, and cumulative temperature (≥10℃). Risk detector was used to recognize the optimal range or behaviors of different natural factors, thereby to promote vegetation growth. interaction between different factors was detected by interaction detector. The results showed that: 1) The spatio-temporal variation trend in vegetation cover was significant from 2000-2018. Spatial variation of vegetation cover was remarkably improved, and mainly distributed in Guangxi, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and southern Gansu. 2) The annual maximum value of NDVI (NDVI<inf>max</inf>) and the growing season average value of NDVI (NDVI<inf>SeaAvg</inf>) temporal variation significantly increased (P<0.001). 3) The annual average precipitation, humidity index, vegetation type, and soil type were the main driving factors for the spatial distribution of NDVI<inf>max</inf>, with the explanatory powers of 0.776, 0.764, 0.762 and 0.505, respectively. The average annual temperature, physiognomy type, slope, and cumulative temperature (≥10℃) served as the secondary factors, with the explanatory powers of above 15%. 4) Each natural factor demonstrated the optimal range to improve vegetation growth. The interaction between different natural factors was bivariate enhancement or nonlinear enhancement. The findings can be helpful to understand the influence of natural factors on vegetation cover changes and its driving mechanism, thereby to provide an important reference for the restoration of damaged vegetation, and sustainable development of ecological environment, further to promote the Silk Road Economic Belt for the better serving the domestic and foreign economic development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Data Sharing - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Land use - Meteorology - Planning - Remote sensing - Roads and streets - Silk - Soils - Spatial distribution - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese Academy of Sciences - Corresponding measures - Ecological environments - Environmental construction - Environmental science data - Massive remote sensing datum - Spatial distribution patterns - Spatio-temporal variation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20204509468486
Title:Pyrolysis characteristics and kinetic analysis of edible fungus chaff
Title of translation:食用菌菌糠的热解特性及动力学分析
Authors:Wang, Guoxiu (1); Guo, Bingwen (1); Song, Zhanlong (1); Wang, Wenlong (1); Mao, Yanpeng (1); Sun, Jing (1); Zhao, Xiqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Carbon Reduction and Resource Utilization, Jinan; 250061, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xiqiang(zxq@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For investigating the pyrolytic characteristics and mechanism of spent mushroom substrate, this research studies the thermogravimetric (TG) curve and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Shiitake mushroom at different heating rates, using the combination of thermogravimetry and thermogravimetry-infrared the pyrolysis in nitrogen atmosphere. A peak splitting technique was used to analyze the DTG curve, thereby to calculate the activation energy E, reaction order n, frequency factor A, further to obtain the precipitation characteristics of the pyrolysis products. A pyrolysis experiment at constant temperature for SMS of Shiitake mushroom was performed on a fixed bed, where the experimental temperatures were set at 500, 550, and 600℃, thereby to analyze the yield and composition of three-phase products. Industrial analyzers were used to characterize and compare raw materials and pyrolysis semi-coke, where the FTIR was used to perform functional group analysis on semi-coke, the GC-MS was used to analyze pyrolysis tar, and a flue gas analyzer was selected to measure pyrolysis gas online. The results showed that the pyrolysis of SMS of Shiitake mushroom can be divided into three stages: the water precipitation, the pyrolysis, and the carbonization stage. The pyrolysis stage dominated during the entire process with the temperature range of 250-550℃, where the weight loss reached 58%. There was no obvious effect of heating rate on pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the TG and DTG curves of the sample shifted to the high temperature zone, as the heating rate increased. The apparent activation energy for the pyrolysis of SMS of Shiitake mushroom was 66.33 kJ/mol, easier for pyrolysis due to the low apparent activation energy. In the pyrolysis experiment performed on the fixed-bed at constant temperature, the main components of the pyrolysis gas of SMS of Shiitake mushroom were CO<inf>2</inf>, CO, CH<inf>4</inf>, H<inf>2</inf>, ranking in order: CO<inf>2</inf>, CO, CH<inf>4</inf>, H<inf>2</inf>, which was well consistent with the measured data from the TG-FTIR. At 600℃, the contents of CO and H<inf>2</inf> increased significantly. The data of gas analysis showed that the overall gas yield of the reaction was well consistent under the experimental conditions, indicating that the pyrolysis reaction was fully completed. At 500℃, the liquid products of pyrolysis were mainly silicon-containing organics, showing that there was a certain amount of silicon in the raw material. The main component of the bio-oil from the pyrolysis of the mushroom residue was C<inf>x</inf>H<inf>y</inf>O<inf>z</inf>, as the pyrolysis temperature increased, indicating a promising potential application using the pyrolysis of mushroom residue to produce the bio-oil. In the semicoke from the slow pyrolysis of mushroom residue, the dominated component was fixed carbon, compared with the raw material, indicating the proportion of volatile contained in pyrolytic semicoke decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the types of functional groups in the pyrolysis semicoke at the three temperatures, whereas, there were obvious characteristic peaks of alcohols, carboxylic acids, and aromatic groups.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Carbon dioxide - Carbonization - Coke - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gases - Heating rate - Substrates - Thermogravimetric analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent activation energy - Characteristics and mechanisms - Differential thermogravimetric - Experimental conditions - Functional group analysis - Precipitation characteristics - Pyrolysis characteristics - Spent mushroom substrates
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20204509468597
Title:Construction of hyperspectral estimation model for organic matter content in Shajiang black soil
Title of translation:砂姜黑土有机质含量高光谱估测模型构建
Authors:Zhang, Juanjuan (1, 2); Xi, Lei (1, 2); Yang, Xiangyang (2); Xu, Xin (1, 2); Guo, Wei (1, 2); Cheng, Tao (2); Ma, Xinming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Science College of Information and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Xinming(xinmingma@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:135-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The objectives of this study were to estimate models for organic matter content of Shajiang black soil, which provided a basis and reference for rapid quantitative estimation of soil organic matter. In this study, Shajiang black soil in Shangshui county of Henan province was collected, the organic matter content and hyperspectral reflectance of Shajiang black soil were analyzed and tested simultaneously, and hyperspectral characteristics of Shajiang black soil were studied. Then, the original reflectance was converted to the first derivative spectral with Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing. Difference Spectral Indices (DSI), Normalized Spectral Indices (NSI), and Ratio Spectral Indices (RSI) of these two forms spectral were calculated from all available combinations with the reflectance of two random bands between 350 and 2 500 nm, and correlated to soil organic matter content, then the key spectral index and quantitative models for organic matter content of Shajiang black soil were developed. On the other hand, the sensitive bands of soil organic matter were extracted with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and quantitative models of soil organic matter using Support Vector Machine (SVM) were established. The results showed that the spectral reflectance of Shajiang black soil under different organic matter levels had the same trend, and organic matter levels had a certain influence on reflectance. Organic matter content was higher, the reflectance would be lower, and on the contrary, the reflectance would be higher. The bands with good correlation between organic matter content and DSI, NSI, RSI based on the original reflectance were mainly concentrated near 650, 1 500 and 2 200 nm, DSI composed of reflectance of 995 and 1 911 nm, NSI composed of reflectance of 2 067 and 2 208 nm, RSI composed of reflectance of 1 037 and 1 908 nm had the better fitting degree. The bands with good correlation between organic matter content and DSI, NSI, RSI based on the first derivative spectral after SG smoothing were mainly concentrated in the combined band region of 1 350-2 000 and 600-1 000 nm, DSI composed of the first derivative of 792 and 1 420 nm, NSI composed of the first derivative of 792 and 1 389 nm, RSI composed of the first derivative of 792 and 1 389 nm had the better fitting degree. For all the spectral indices that were calculated, RSI composed of the first derivative of 792 nm and 1 389 nm gave a better prediction performance, the coefficient of determination was 0.81. Testing of the monitoring models within dependent data indicated that the coefficient of determination and root mean square error of validation were 0.91 and 1.56, respectively. In addition, the sensitive band ranges based on the original reflectance which selected by GA were 461-470, 611-620, 661-670, 741-750, 1 461-1 470, 1 891-1 900, 1 901-1 910, 2 011-2 020, 2 071-2 080 and 2 141-2 150 nm, and the sensitive band ranges based on the first derivative with SG smoothing which selected by GA were 521-530, 531-540, 671-680, 761-770, 771-780, 831-840, 1 431-1 440, 1 451-1 460, 1 871-1 880 and 1 881-1 890 nm for the same sample. The bands of the first derivative with SG smoothing mentioned above were used as input to SVR, and the quantitative model of soil organic matter performed the best. The coefficient of determination and root mean square error of modeling and validation was 0.95 and 0.91, 1.01, and 1.69, respectively. The compared quantitative model with Support Vector Machine, RSI composed of the first derivative of 792 and 1 389 nm had a little lower modeling accuracy, but it could meet the need for estimating the organic matter content of Shajiang black soil. It was concluded that both methods based on RSI composed of the first derivative of 792 and 1 389 nm and SVM can estimate organic matter content of Shajiang black soil accurately.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Biogeochemistry
Controlled terms:Genetic algorithms - Mean square error - Organic compounds - Reflection - Soils - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Hyper-spectral characteristics - Hyperspectral reflectance - Modeling and validation - Prediction performance - Quantitative estimation - Root mean square errors - Soil organic matter contents
Classification code:481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.04e-06m, Size 1.39e-06m, Size 1.42e-06m, Size 1.50e-06m, Size 1.88e-06m to 1.89e-06m, Size 1.91e-06m, Size 2.07e-06m, Size 2.14e-06m to 2.15e-06m, Size 2.20e-06m, Size 2.21e-06m, Size 3.50e-07m to 2.50e-06m, Size 6.00e-07m to 1.00e-06m, Size 7.92e-07m, Size 9.95e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20204509468480
Title:Coupling scheme of water and fertilizer based on yield, quality, use efficiency of water and fertilizer in bag pepper growing
Title of translation:基于产量品质及水肥利用率的袋培辣椒水肥耦合方案
Authors:Hu, Xiaohui (1, 2, 3); Gao, Zixing (1, 2); Ma, Yongbo (1); Xue, Jiankang (1); Xie, Zhilong (1); Li, Xue (1); Zhang, Linyang (1); Wang, Junzheng (1, 2); Ma, Xueqiang (1, 2); Qu, Feng (1, 2); Zhang, Jiao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Facility Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:81-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to establish a precise management model of water and fertilizer, in order to clarify the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) for pepper planting in bag. Taking "Bolong (37-94) Bolon RZ F1" pepper as the test material, 18 coupling treatments were conducted, with three levels of irrigation (control the relative water content of substrate in 70%-75% (W1), 55%-60% (W2), and 40%-45% (W3)), three levels concentration of nutrient solution (set up 150% (F1: each plant supplies N-P2O5-K2O, 8.42-3.96-13.93 g), 100% (F2: each plant supplies N-P2O5-K2O, 7.41-3.48-12.26 g), 80% (F3: each plant supplies N-P2O5-K2O, 6.36-2.99-10.53 g) Yamazaki pepper nutrient solution formula), and two supply amounts of nutrient solution (regular supply; reduce supply, where six days before each harvest reduced 40% nutrient solution supply). Randomized block design was used in the whole experiment, which was repeated for three times, where each block was 7 m×1.2 m with 24 plants. Pepper seedlings with five leaves were transplanted into the matrix bag, with 60 cm row spacing and 30 cm plant spacing, on March 20, 2019, and uprooted on July 28, 2019. A handheld matrix moisture meter (HH150, Delta-T Devices LTD, UK) was used to determine the relative moisture content of matrix. The irrigation was carried out according to the measured data at 8:00 am every day, whereas, the frequency of nutrient solution supply was once every two days, as well as the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation system was used for water and fertilizer management. A multi-objective model of yield, comprehensive fruit quality, WUE and FUE was established, according to the obtained data of the factors and the coupling effects, and then to be optimized using the genetic algorithm. The results showed that the single factor of irrigation, nutrient solution concentration, and their coupling effect can pose a significant influence on the yield, WUE and FUE of pepper. Specifically, the yield, WUE and FUE all increased first, and then decreased with the increase of irrigation and nutrient solution concentration. A Topsis method was used for the comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality. The reduction of nutrient supply amount before pepper fruit harvest can maintain the higher yield and WUE, while significantly improve the quality of pepper fruit and FUE. The combined W2F2 treatment under a reduced supply of nutrient solution can achieved the largest yield, WUE and FUE, whereas, the W2F1 treatment under a reduced supply of nutrient solution has showed the optimal comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality. The optimal coupling scheme of water and fertilizer was obtained using the genetic algorithm multi-objective optimization method, where the combined W2F2 treatment under a reduction supply of nutrient solution was the best management model. The specific coupling scheme of water and fertilizer can achieved high yield and quality of pepper in bag: Irrigation according to the relative moisture content of substrate 55%-60%, applying 100% Yamazaki pepper nutrient solution formula, and six days before each harvest reduced 40% nutrient solution supply. The pepper yield can reach 87 930.52 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, where the fitness of fruit quality comprehensive evaluation reached 0.749, the WUE and FUE were 41.14 kg/m<sup>3</sup> and 38.83%, respectively. The findings can provide an insightful guidance for high yield and quality of pepper production, and further for the scientific management of water and fertilizer in pepper farming.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Binary alloys - Design of experiments - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Harvesting - Information management - Irrigation - Matrix algebra - Moisture - Moisture determination - Multiobjective optimization - Nutrients - Plants (botany) - Seed - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Coupling treatment - Drip irrigation systems - Fertilizer management - Multi-objective modeling - Relative water content - Scientific management - Water-use efficiency
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.1 Algebra - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 4.11e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.88e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20204509468491
Title:Development of air-suction ridging and seeding machine for carrot
Title of translation:气吸式胡萝卜起垄播种一体机研制
Authors:Wang, Fangyan (1); Yang, Liang (1); Bao, Yufeng (1); Jiang, Jingtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Jingtao(jjtao_2518@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:35-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Combineding with the ridge planting mode of carrot in Shandong and other places, this research developed a air-suction precision carrot seeder which integrated the functions of ridging, ditching, precision sowing, covering soil and pressing was developed. The machine was mainly composed of air-suction precision metering device, ridging and shaping device, ditching and seed dividing device, soil covering device, frame and transmission system. According to the analysis of the force and movement of seeds in the process of seed suction and seeding, the critical value of vacuum degree in the air chamber of seed metering device was obtained, and the main influencing factors of seeding position and plant spacing uniformity were determined. A seed-metering plate with double-ring type hole was designed, the radius of the inner and outer circle holes of the seed-metering plate was 87.5 and 95.0 mm respectively, and the number of holes in each circle was 30. According to the requirements of seed cleaning and working space, the upper scraper removed the excess seeds adsorbed on the upper side of the inner and outer ring type holes, the zigzag structure was adopted. The lower scraper removed the excess seeds adsorbed on the lower side of the inner and outer ring type holes, and the eccentric structure was used. According to planting agronomic requirements, the FL-2.5 fan was determined to meet the requirements of different sowing air volume. Three double-wing ridging plows were used to ridge, and the ridge shape was trimmed by a shaping device to complete 2 trapezoidal ridges at one time. According to the requirements of double narrow row, shallow ditching and less covering soil, the structure of ditching and the parameters of overburden were determined. According to the analysis of the seed feeding process, the low-level seed feeding mode was adopted, and the seed metering the overall height of the ditching and seed separation device was about 100 mm. Taking the type hole diameter of the seed-metering plate, the rotating speed of seed-metering plate and the negative pressure of the air chamber as the test factors, and taking the eligible rae of seed spacing, the missing rate and the multiple rate as the test evaluation indexes, three-factor and five-level orthogonal experiment was carried out. The best working parameter combination for seed-metering device was abtained: the type hole diameter was 1.6 mm, the rotating speed of seed-metering plate was 18 r/min, and the negative pressure of the air chamber was 4.4 kPa. The field sowing experiments were carried out at working speeds of 3, 4 and 5 km/h respectively. The experiment results showed that with the increase of working speed, the eligible rate changed little, the multiple rate decreased, and the missing rate increased, but the overall scope of change was not large, the eligible rate was more than 94%, the missing rate was less than 5%, and the multiple rate was less than 4%, the working performance of the machine met the national standard and the requirements of carrot planting agronomy. The study can provide reference for the design of precision seeder for small seed vegetables such as carrot.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Plates (structural components) - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Rotating machinery - Soils - Tools
Uncontrolled terms:Eccentric structure - Negative pressures - Orthogonal experiment - Seed metering devices - Separation devices - Transmission systems - Working performance - Zig-zag structures
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Pressure 4.40e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.80e+01RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.60e-03m, Size 8.75e-02m, Size 9.50e-02m, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s, Velocity 1.39e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20204509468475
Title:Effects of soil microbial films on sand fixation and water retention characteristics of aeolian soils
Title of translation:土壤微生物膜对风沙土固沙保水特性的影响
Authors:Du, Yujia (1, 2); Gao, Guanglei (1, 2); Chen, Lihua (1); Ding, Guodong (1, 2); Zhang, Ying (1, 2); Cao, Hongyu (1, 2); A, Lasa (1, 2); Liu, Zhenting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, Yanchi; 751500, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Guanglei(gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:98-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In natural environment, soil microorganisms usually exist in the form of microbial aggregates rather than the free single microbial cell by secreting extracellular polymeric substances on the surface of soil particles. These microbial aggregates are widely known as soil microbial films. Soil microbial films are an important adaptive approach for soil microbial self-protection and efficient growth. In addition, more and more people are realizing that soil microbial films potentially contribute to the anti-erodibility and water retention improvement of aeolian soils due to the strong cohesiveness of the extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, as an emerging research approach, soil microbial films are at the forefront for desertification combating. However, due to the mechanism of this improved process remains unclear, these knowledge gaps have been hindering soil microbial films to be an alternative to the traditional techniques for desertification combating. In this study, the controlled experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using the common aeolian soils and soil bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and B. pumilus). 6 microbial agents (0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 g/kg) were involved to test various soil properties and to identify the ecological function of soil microbial films. The results indicated that 1) Soil microbial films were successfully and largely induced by the microbial agents and clearly detected by the scanning electron microscope at multiple scales. In details, soil microbial cells first gathered, and then filled the space and cement aeolian soil particles using extracellular polymeric substances. In this process, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen as well as soil polysaccharide were all increased, which were 2.41%-8.82%, 0.79%-8.60%, and 13.25%-55.13% higher than the control group, respectively. 2) On the 49<sup>th</sup> day of the experiment, most of the soil properties were increasing affected by soil microbial films as follow soil porosity (0.39% -3.91%), soil moisture (0.11%-0.25%, P<0.05), soil aggregates (5.59%-25.01%), and soil pH value (from 7.16 to 8.32-9.23, P<0.05). Soil bulk density was the only index which was in a deceasing tendency (0.54%-8.88%). 3) According to the redundancy analysis, soil polysaccharide was the most critical factor affecting aeolian soils with the highest interpretation rate (47%), followed by soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon. This was due to soil polysaccharide was main component of extracellular polymeric substances and played an important role in the formation of soil microbial films, backing up the ecological function of soil microbial films in soil improvement. In conclusion, soil microbial films effectively improve aeolian soils involving anti-erodibility and water retention. However, what is worth noting is that the microbial agents in a high concentration significantly increased soil pH resulting in soil salinization. Therefore, we highly recommended that the suitable microbial agents were 1-5 g/kg. Moreover, the recipe of adsorbent is also can be optimized to alleviate and curb soil salinization. This improved information is expected to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of soil microbial films affecting sand fixation and soil moisture, eventually and substantially contribute to a firm theoretical basis and scientific & technological support for the new technology exploration of desertification combating in a soil microbial approach.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Bacteriology - Carbon - Climatology - Ecology - Erosion - Nitrogen - Polymers - Porosity - Scanning electron microscopy - Soil cement - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled experiment - Extra-cellular polymeric substances - Natural environments - Soil microbial biomass carbons - Soil microbial biomass nitrogens - Technological supports - Traditional techniques - Water retention characteristics
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 412 Concrete - 443 Meteorology - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e-01% to 2.50e-01%, Percentage 1.32e+01% to 5.51e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+00% to 8.82e+00%, Percentage 3.90e-01% to 3.91e+00%, Percentage 4.70e+01%, Percentage 5.40e-01% to 8.88e+00%, Percentage 5.59e+00% to 2.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20204509468634
Title:Experimental study of the effects of discharge port parameters on the fertilizing performance for fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw
Title of translation:螺旋排肥器排肥口参数对排肥性能影响的试验研究
Authors:Yang, Wenwu (1, 2); Fang, Longyu (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Li, Hui (3); Ye, Yangqing (1, 2); Liang, Zhanhao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As an ideal execution mechanism for precise fertilizer distribution, the fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw is of great significance for precise fertilizer distribution. To solve the problem that the fertilizer flow rate at the discharge port of the fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw fluctuates with time during the fertilizer transportation process and the low fertilization precision, the orthogonal experiments and bench experiments, taking the variable coefficient of fertilization uniformity as the evaluation indexes, were carried out to study the influences of the discharge port parameters of the screw fertilizer distribution apparatus on the fertilization performance with the discrete element simulation and 3D rapid prototyping technology. The screw fertilizer distribution apparatus consisted of feeding inlet, screw, screw shell, discharge port. Firstly, A discrete element simulation platform was established to analyze the transient characteristics of the screw fertilizer distribution apparatus, the results showed that the lateral fertilizer method can reduce the low-frequency pulsation in the screw fertilizer process. Moreover, single-element tests with discrete element simulation of the discharge port angle and discharge port length were performed. The effective range of the discharge port angle and length were 120°-150° and 40-80 mm respectively according to single-element tests. Furthermore, the L<inf>18</inf> (3<sup>7</sup>) standard orthogonal table was used for the discrete element simulation and the bench test. The influences of two factors on the fertilization accuracy were studied, including the length of discharge port and the angle of discharge port and the interaction between the previous two factors. The fertilization characteristics of a single spiral rotation period are analyzed by orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the order of the main factors affecting the variable coefficient of fertilizer uniformity were the length of discharge port and the angle of discharge port, interaction between the previous two factors. The length of discharge port and the angle of discharge port had significant influences on the coefficient variation of uniformity of the fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw while the interaction between these two factors was not significant. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the length of the discharge port was 60 mm, the angle of discharge was 135°. The simulation results based on the optimal combination showed that the coefficient variation of uniformity was 4.98 %. The bench test was conducted to verify the optimal parameter combination results obtained by the orthogonal test. The bench verification test results showed that the coefficient variation of uniformity was 5.41 %, basically agree with the simulation result. This study can provide a reference and theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the fertilizer distribution apparatus with screw.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Screws - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Discrete element simulation - Low-frequency pulsations - Optimal parameter combinations - Rapid prototyping technology - Transient characteristic - Transportation process - Variable coefficients
Classification code:605 Small Tools and Hardware - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.98e+00%, Percentage 5.41e+00%, Size 4.00e-02m to 8.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20204509468412
Title:Optimization of active heat storage and release system in solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室主动蓄放热系统优化
Authors:Luo, Qianliang (1); Cheng, Ruifeng (1); Zhang, Yi (1); Fang, Hui (1); Li, Dong (2); Zhang, Jinfang (3); Song, Guoxiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Beichuan Qiang Minority Autonomous County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Mianyang; 622750, China; (3) Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Seed Industry Group Company Limited, Weifang; 262700, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yi(zhangyi03@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:234-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Active Heat Storage and release System (AHS) is a solar thermal utilization system, which collects and stores solar energy through the water circulation in the daytime, and the energy is released at night. To improve the stability and reliability of the operation of AHS, based on the sixth generation of AHS, the circulation pipeline, water supply mode, solar energy collection board were optimized and improved. The field test lasted 87 days was done to investigate the heating effect, heating performance, control strategy of circulation, and the distribution of indoor air temperature during the heating process of improved AHS under different weather conditions. The test period was from November 24<sup>th</sup>, 2019 to February 29<sup>th</sup>, 2020. The results showed that, during the experiment time, the improved AHS was in stable operation mode, the energy-saving, and high heating efficiency, the optimization was effective. In three different weather conditions of solar radiation intensity, the average temperature in the experimental area was 2.7, 2.2, and 1.9℃ higher than that in the control area, and the heat collection capacity was 4.6, 3.7, and 2.6 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> respectively, heat release capacity was 4.1, 3.4, and 3.1 MJ/m<sup>2</sup> respectively. The average heat collection power was 183.1, 146.5, and 105.0 W/m<sup>2</sup> respectively, and average heat release power was 163.2, 134, and 121.1 W/m<sup>2</sup> respectively. The average heat collection efficiency of improved AHS was 56.5%, 68.2%, and 73.8% respectively and the average coefficient of performance was 3.8, 3.1, and 2.8 respectively. Compared to electric heating, the energy conservation rate of improved AHS was 73.5%, 67.1%, and 63% respectively. Compared with the sixth generation AHS, when total heat energy collected was similar, the daily average power consumption was reduced by 20%, the energy-saving efficiency was increased by 6.7%, and the coefficient of performance was increased by 0.8. The water flow rate was reduced, so the average heat collection efficiency was reduced by 10.3%. If the structure of AHS is improved in the future, the diameter of the aluminum alloy finned pipe is advised to increase to improve the heat collection efficiency. During the heating period at night, the influence of improved AHS on temperature distribution in the experimental area was very obvious, because the board was located in the north wall, and the north side of the greenhouse was closed to the lower temperature roof, the temperature difference between the north and the south in the greenhouse was large. The closer to the north wall at the same height, the temperature is higher. Under different weather conditions, the maximum average temperature difference between north and south parts in the canopy was 2.8, 2.6, and 2.4℃ respectively. This temperature difference was getting smaller with height because of the influence of crops on heat shielding and greenhouse shape. Through the analysis of water temperature change during the daytime, it was suggested to adopt the joint control method of temperature and time for control strategy optimization. The application and promotion of AHS could be supported by the basis of theory and experimental results in this study.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Solar energy
Controlled terms:Aluminum alloys - Coefficient of performance - Energy conservation - Flow of water - Greenhouses - Heat storage - Meteorology - Solar heating - Solar power generation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Energy conservation rates - Heat release capacities - High heating efficiency - Solar energy collections - Solar radiation intensity - Stability and reliabilities - Temperature differences - Water temperature change
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 541.2 Aluminum Alloys - 615.2 Solar Power - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.38e-01yr, Percentage 1.03e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.65e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+00%, Percentage 6.71e+01%, Percentage 6.82e+01%, Percentage 7.35e+01%, Percentage 7.38e+01%, Surface_Power_Density 1.05e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 1.21e+02W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20204509468590
Title:Inversion of soil salinity in dry and wet seasons based on multi-source spectral data in Yinbei area of Ningxia, China
Title of translation:利用多源光谱信息反演宁夏银北地区干湿季土壤含盐量
Authors:Jia, Pingping (1, 2, 3); Shang, Tianhao (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Junhua (1, 2, 3); Sun, Yuan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Ningxia Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Junhua(zhangjunhua728@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:125-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinization is one of the main causes of global desertification and soil degradation. Information data about salinity and alkalinity is essential to the treatment of alkalized soil for preventing its further degradation and sustainable development of agriculture. Soil salinization is often characterized with significant spatiotemporal dynamics. Taking the saline soil in Pingluo County as the research object, which is predominant in the Ningxia Yinbei area of Northwestern China, this study aims to explore the salt content of soil in dry and wet seasons, and then compare the accuracy of local models and global models, further to determine the optimal model for retrieving soil salinity using the hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing. The specific processing is following, based on hyperspectral and Landsat 8 OLI image data in the dry season (April) and wet season (October), First, the hyperspectral data was resampled to the image band range for matching the two, whereas, the 11 salt indices under the two spectral data were calculated separately. Second, different algorithms including pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), stepwise regression (SR) and gray relational analysis (GRA) were applied for the sensitive band and index screening of the measured and image spectral data in the dry and wet seasons. Finally, the quantitative analysis models for soil salinity were established using the partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine (SVM), ridge regression (RR), BP neural networks (BPNN), and geographically weighted regression (GWR) method, respectively. All these regression models were verified to select the optimal model, after comparing the effects of different input variables and different regression methods on the model precision. The results showed that: 1) The soil of the Yinbei region was strongly salt-affected, and the salt content in the wet and dry season was characterized by the intensity variation, where the variation degree of dry season was much higher than that of the wet season. 2) The resampling bands showed a good correlation with the image bands data under different soil salinity. 3) The SR group model achieved the best inversion effect, whereas, the PC and GC groups indicated advantages and disadvantages in different regression algorithms, after comparing of the R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE and RPD of the salt salinity inversion model under the three filter variables of PCC, GC and SR. 4) In the five inversion models of soil salinity, the GWR model showed a higher accuracy. The SVM and BPNN algorithm performed similarly in the models, based on different variable groups, whereas, the RR performance was the worst, particularly a serious "overfitting" phenomenon in the PLSR model. The evaluation results demonstrated the superiority of the local regression over the global regression model for soil salinity. The measured GC-GWR model in dry season achieved the best inversion effect, where the values of R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> and RPD were 0.94 and 4.49, in the wet season, whereas, the imaged PCC-GWR model obtained the best inversion effect, where the values of R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> and RPD were 0.96 and 4.83. These findings can contribute to tackling the regional land salinization and degradation, as well as identification and prevention of soil salinization in local and similar areas, further to soil salinization monitoring and land reclamation in arid or semi-arid regions outside the current study area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Backpropagation - Correlation methods - Drought - Land reclamation - Least squares approximations - Remote sensing - Support vector machines - Support vector regression
Uncontrolled terms:Geographically weighted regression - Gray relational analysis - Multispectral remote sensing - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Pearson correlation coefficients - Quantitative analysis model - Regression algorithms - Spatio-temporal dynamics
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20204509468616
Title:Optimization of regionalization of territorial space function regions in typical karst areas of southwest China
Title of translation:西南喀斯特典型区国土空间地域功能优化分区
Authors:Li, Sinan (1); Zhao, Xiaoqing (1); Pu, Junwei (2); Wang, Qian (1); Miao, Peipei (1); Tan, Kun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Institute of International Rivers & Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xiaoqing(xqzhao@ynu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:242-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Territorial space is the important carrier of urban construction, agricultural activities, and ecological protection. It is necessary to reasonably promote the coordination, moderation, and sustainable utilization of territorial space. The territorial development of different function types has posed serious conflicts on the regional economy and ecological system, especially in karst areas with fragile ecological environment and high poverty rate. Taking Guangnan County, a typical southwest karst area, as an example, this study aims to realize the coordinated development of territorial space in research regions. A series of geospatial modeling and statistical analysis tools were combined to propose the urban-agricultural-ecological functions coordination method, and the "dual evaluations" method of territorial space in karst areas. According to the environment situation of natural resource and regional planning, amendment rules was also formulated for conflict spaces, while a comprehensive optimization method was proposed for function areas of territorial space. This comprehensive method systematically combined the urban-agricultural-ecological functions coordination and the "dual evaluations", constructed comprehensive optimization patterns of territorial space function areas, and divided different types of territorial space function area in karst areas. The results showed that: 1) In the most suitable level and less, the ecological suitability was the maximum, accounting for 61.21%, which was mainly distributed in the north and east. The suitability of urban development was the minimum, accounting for 27.81%, which was mainly distributed in the middle and south. The suitability proportion of agricultural development was 49.80%, which was mainly distributed in the northeast and east. The carrying capacity of resource and environment was dominated the level VI and V, where the highest level of carry capacity distributed in the northeast and southeast, whereas, the lowest levels of carry capacity in the south, southwest, and northwest. 2) In the optimized function areas of territorial space, seven types of function areas were divided in karst areas. Specifically, the types of function areas related to ecological function dominated in the development of karst areas, accounting for 79.54%. The types of function areas related to urban function were the smallest, accounting only for 2.35%. The areas dominated by urban function were mainly distributed in the middle and southeast, whereas, the areas dominated by agricultural function were mainly distributed in the north, west, and east, as well as the areas dominated by ecological function were mainly distributed in the north and south. 3) Compared with the urban-agricultural-ecological functions coordination method and the "dual evaluations" method, the comprehensive method could more accurately and rationally construct the spatial patterns of territorial space for karst areas. This proposed method can provide an important decision-making support to delimit different areas in karst areas for territorial space planning and ecological restoration. The reasonable layout for different function types of territorial space can provide a sound reference to improve ecological environment, the management of rocky desertification, and the coordinated development of territorial space in karst areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Function evaluation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Decision making - Ecology - Landforms - Regional planning - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural activities - Agricultural development - Comprehensive optimizations - Decision making support - Resource and environment - Statistical analysis tools - Sustainable utilization - Territorial development
Classification code:403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.35e+00%, Percentage 2.78e+01%, Percentage 4.98e+01%, Percentage 6.12e+01%, Percentage 7.95e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20204509468416
Title:Algorithm for planning full coverage route for helicopter aerial spray
Title of translation:直升机航空施药全覆盖航线规划算法
Authors:Liu, Yangyang (1); Ru, Yu (1); Liu, Bin (1); Chen, Xuyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Corresponding author:Ru, Yu(superchry@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, there is redundancy in the route of helicopter spray, which leads to waste of fuel and pesticides, and serious environmental pollution and high spray cost. In order to improve the aerial spray efficiency and avoid the phenomenon of overspray, missed spray and respray in the process of aerial spray, and solve the problem of inaccurate coverage was caused, the optimal full coverage route planning method was proposed and the corresponding device was developed. Firstly, Based on the analysis of previous research on the full coverage path planning technology of aerial spray, full coverage spray route planning for R44 helicopter was studied, a set of shortest spray voyage and the most accurate full coverage route planning algorithm for aerial spray was developed. The optimal full coverage route planning method showed that the longer the spray route, the larger the spray area and the larger the pesticide consumption. Therefore, under the premise of full coverage, the shortest distance of spray route can ensure the most accurate coverage. Under the premise of without repeated spray, to ensure full coverage of the spray area, the spray route needs to be beyond the boundary of the spray area. Moreover, the excess spray area was reduced by reducing the length of spray route outside the boundary. Based on the principle of full area coverage, the spray voyage of outside the spray area was calculated and analyzed to obtain the shortest spray voyage calculation formula on the premise of full coverage, and draw the conclusion that the spray voyage was shorter when the boundary of the spraying region was parallel to the x-axis of the coordinate system. Furthermore, each boundary was taken as the x-axis to establish the coordinate system, and the shortest coordinate system of spray voyage could be obtained through the calculation formula of spray voyage. Then combined with the full coverage route planning method, the optimal full coverage routes according to different operating environments were achieved. Therefore, under the premise of full coverage of the spraying area, the spray voyage was the shortest and the coverage was the most accurate. Real-time monitoring of flight track was realized through designing of software and hardware, and information was transmitted bidirectional between plane and mobile terminal through OneNet IoT platform. Seven full coverage spray experiments with different course were carried out on three different terrain sites with different areas of rectangle, arbitrary quadrilateral and arbitrary polygon. The experiments results showed that the spray voyages of the planned course was the shortest and the redundant coverage was the least among the three test sites. The distance can be shortened by 4.920, 6.903, 59.913 km than other courses spray voyages in the three test sites; the minimum redundant coverage was 2.08%, 7.17%, and 0.57%, respectively. With the increase of spray area, the shorter the voyage was, the less redundant coverage was. And the redundant coverage of regular terrain of route planning was obviously less than that of irregular terrain. The full coverage route planning algorithm proposed in this paper can provide theoretical support for the development of aerial route planning technology and provides guidance for actual spray operations.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Air navigation
Controlled terms:Curricula - Landforms - Mobile antennas - Pesticides
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation formula - Co-ordinate system - Coverage path planning - Different terrains - Environmental pollutions - Operating environment - Real time monitoring - Software and hardwares
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 481.1 Geology - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 901.2 Education
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.08e+00%, Percentage 5.70e-01%, Percentage 7.17e+00%, Size 5.99e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20204509468468
Title:Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of microwave-assisted hydrochars and activated carbons from straws
Title of translation:秸秆微波水热炭和活性炭理化及电化学特性
Authors:Niu, Wenjuan (1, 2); Feng, Yuxin (2); Zhong, Fei (3); Zhao, Yi (2); Liu, Nian (2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Niu, Zhiyou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan; 432000, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:202-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is of great significance to comprehensively study the physicochemical properties of microwave-assisted hydrochar Hydrochars (carbon-rich solids) from biomass can be converted to activated carbons via hydrothermal carbonization. This offers a promising way for the disposal of the lignocellulosic wastes in modern agriculture. In this study, a systematic investigation was made to explore the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of microwave-assisted hydrochar and alkali-activated carbon from straws. A microwave hydrothermal experiment was carried out using straws with different mass fractions of citric acid for the preparation of hydrochar and alkali-activated carbon. The physicochemical behaviors of the hydrochars and alkali-activated carbon were also investigated using various characterization techniques. The results showed that the yield, volatile matter and H content of the hydrochar from straws decreased, whereas, the ash, fixed carbon, C, S and higher heating value increased, as the mass fraction of citric acid increased. These parameters tended to be stable, when the acid mass fraction reached 10%. In the hydrochar, the conversion rate of oxygen, carbon, and calorific value first decreased, and then increased during the test. Hydrochar with the citric acid mass fraction of 10% exhibited the most abundant carbon microsphere structure, as well as the largest specific surface area and pore volume, with the mesopore volume of 0.06-0.10 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. After the 10% citric acid, the hydrochar was activated by KOH solution at 900℃. The yield of activated carbon was about 8%-11%, while, that of activated gas was about 32%-35%, mainly including CO and H2. The total output of combustible gases was 450-530 L/kg. The abundant pore structure was formed for the activated carbon at 900℃, where the specific surface area, total pore volume, and diameter of pores were 1 250-1 570 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 1.00-1.20 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, and 3.55-4.10 nm, respectively. The majority of pores were the mesopores of 0.69-0.81 cm<sup>3</sup>/g and micropores of 0.35-0.38 cm<sup>3</sup>/g. Compared with hydrochars, the activated carbon showed the lower strength of O-H, aliphatic C-H, C=O, C=C and C-C, while, the higher intensity of peak energy in C-O-C bond. Similar to the hydrochars, the graphitization degree of activated carbon decreased, due to the increasing disorder and defects in carbon, indicating suitable for the energy storage of electrode materials. At low scanning rates, the cyclic voltammetric curves of activated carbon behaved symmetrical rectangular shapes, indicating that the characteristic of a typical double electric layer capacitance occurred in the activated carbon. Nevertheless, the cyclic voltammetric curve was gradually deformed, as the scanning rate increased. When the current density was 1 A/g, the specific capacitances of activated carbon at 900°C based on hydrochars from rice straw, maize stover and rape stalk were 160.54, 150.12 and 155.17 F/g, respectively. The capacitance retention rates of activated carbon from rice straw, maize stover and rape stalk after 5000 cycles were 91.04%, 88.12% and 89.06%, respectively, showing a good cycle stability. Among different straws, the rice straw showed the highest yield, ash content, carbon conversion rate and energy conversion rate of hydrochar and activated carbon. The maize stover represented the highest fixed carbon, C and higher heating value of hydrochar and activated carbon, whereas, the rape stalk displayed the lowest carbon conversion rate of hydrochar and activated carbon. The hydrochar and activated carbon from rice straw indicated the largest specific surface area, total pore volume, mesopore volume and micropore volume, whereas, those from rape stalk showed the largest pore size. The activated carbon from rice straw demonstrated the strongest vibration absorption peak of oxygen-containing functional groups, the lowest graphitization degree, as well as the largest specific capacitance, and highest capacitance retention rate. The findings can be benefit to improving the quality of hydrochar, and the utilization of activated carbon as electrode materials in intelligent industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Activated carbon
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Calorific value - Capacitance - Carbonization - Citric acid - Coal tar - Electrochemical properties - Electrodes - Energy conversion - Energy storage - Graphite - Graphitization - Microporosity - Microwaves - Oxygen - Physicochemical properties - Pore size - Pore structure - Potassium hydroxide - Specific surface area - Waste disposal
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon conversion rate - Characterization techniques - Cyclic voltammetric curves - Energy conversion rates - Hydrothermal carbonization - Lignocellulosic wastes - Oxygen-containing functional groups - Physicochemical behaviors
Classification code:411.2 Coal Tar - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 525.7 Energy Storage - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01% to 3.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 1.10e+01%, Percentage 8.81e+01%, Percentage 8.91e+01%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Size 3.55e-09m to 4.10e-09m, Specific_Surface_Area 1.25e+06m2/kg to 1.57e+06m2/kg, Specific_Volume 1.00e-03m3/kg to 1.20e-03m3/kg, Specific_Volume 3.50e-04m3/kg to 3.80e-04m3/kg, Specific_Volume 4.50e-01m3/kg to 5.30e-01m3/kg, Specific_Volume 6.00e-05m3/kg to 1.00e-04m3/kg, Specific_Volume 6.90e-04m3/kg to 8.10e-04m3/kg, Temperature 1.17e+03K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20204509468679
Title:Influnce of microwave heating combined with vacuum cold water immersion on sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) soaking effects
Title of translation:微波加热结合真空冷水浸泡对海参水发效果的影响
Authors:Du, Jieyu (1); Guan, Juan (1); Tang, Haiqing (2); Ou, Changrong (1); Cao, Jinxuan (1); Li, Chenghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315800, China; (2) Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo; 315100, China
Corresponding author:Ou, Changrong(ouchangrong@nbu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:272-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate a novel microwave heating combined with vacuum cold water immersing technique of dried sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus).The effects of microwave heating time(25~50 min) and temperature(50~90℃) on the soaking effect of sea cucumber were studied with swelling ratio, nutrient loss and sensory quality, which were optimized by orthogonal experiment. Under the optimum microwave heating conditions, the effect of vacuum and atmospheric pressure on the soaking of sea cucumber were studied. The effects of microwave heating combined with vacuum soaking treatment on the quality of sea cucumber were compared with those of boiling water-atmosphere soaking. The results showed that microwave heating temperature and time had significant influence on the swelling (P<0.01). An increasing tendency was observed on the swelling ratio of sea cucumber, followed by a decrease with the increase of heating temperature. In the range from 50℃ to 80℃, with the increase of heating time, an increasing tendency of the swelling ratio was showed, followed by a decrease while over 90℃. The optimum heating parameters of sea cucumber were determined by orthogonal experiment as heating at 70℃ for 40 minutes. Under the optimized conditions, compared with the sea cucumber under treatment of boiling water-atmosphere soaking, the sea cucumber treated by microwave heating combined with vacuum in cold water was swelling completely on the first day, reached the maximum value of 13.03 time and the maximum sensory score of 13.46, and the total loss rate of soluble protein and polysaccharide decreased by 53.85% and 25.41%, respectively. And it exhibited even better texture characteristics than those under boiling water and atmospheric pressure (P<0.05). FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) showed that the process was milder under microwave heating aided vacuum technique, which was conducive to maintaining integrity of the secondary structure of protein and functional characteristics during soaking. The results provide a theoretical and technical support for the development and application of new technology on sea cucumber.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Microwave heating
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Microwaves - Proteins - Textures - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Cold water immersion - Development and applications - Functional characteristics - Heating temperatures - Optimized conditions - Orthogonal experiment - Secondary structure of proteins - Texture characteristics
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 5.39e+01%, Time 1.50e+03s to 3.00e+03s, Time 2.40e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20204509468677
Title:Combustion and soot emission characteristics of hydrous ethanol gasoline direct injection engine
Title of translation:含水乙醇汽油直喷发动机燃烧与碳烟排放特性
Authors:Shi, Xiuyong (1); Duan, Yifei (1); Kang, Yang (1); Liao, Yansu (1); Ni, Jimin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai; 201804, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:64-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, the gradual increase in automobile production has accelerated the consumption of petroleum resources, and a large amount of harmful exhaust gas has also brought great threats to the climate and human health. It is the general trend to seek low-carbon, clean and renewable alternative fuels and realize energy diversification. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have been widely used due to the advantages of high efficiency and cleanliness, but the problem of higher particulate emissions has not yet been resolved. As an alternative fuel for engines, ethanol has the advantages of high- octane number, low pollution, strong renewability, safety and non-toxicity, and good compatibility with gasoline. Compared with absolute ethanol, hydrous ethanol is less sensitive to moisture in the air, and it is more stable when mixed with gasoline. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology can effectively reduce pumping losses, reduce fuel consumption, and reduce NOx emissions. The introduction of EGR in gasoline direct injection engines can lower the combustion temperature, and the dilution effect of exhaust gas can reduce the local concentration of the mixture, which is beneficial to inhibit the soot generated by the fuel cracking and dehydrogenation reactions. In this study, the three-dimensional simulation was carried out by using CONVERGE software coupled with the combustion mechanism of hydrous ethanol gasoline and the soot model, to explore the effects of the combination of hydrous ethanol and EGR on the combustion and soot generation characteristics of GDI engine. The results showed that the increase of the volume fraction of the hydrous ethanol accelerated the flame propagation speed, shortened the combustion duration. The soot precursors (PAHs) control the nucleation and growth of soot. The formation of soot can be inhibited by the oxygen-content characteristics of hydrous ethanol gasoline and the high activity OH. Compared with E0 (hydrous ethanol volume fraction is 0%), the peak mass of soot precursors of E20W (hydrous ethanol volume fraction is 20%) A1 (benzene), A2 (naphthalene), A3 (phenanthrene) and A4 (pyrene) were reduced by 60.0%, 54.5%, 73.3%, and 52.4%, respectively, the peak of soot mass was reduced by 63.6%, and the peak of soot quantity density was decreased by 40.0%. The introduction of EGR reduced the combustion efficiency, increased the mass of PAHs and soot generation, and reduced the soot quantity density. The addition of hydrous ethanol could improve the combustion efficiency in the EGR environment and reduce the amount of unburned HC and soot generation. Compared with pure gasoline, hydrous ethanol gasoline combined with EGR technology reduced the negative impact of EGR on combustion and soot emissions. It can be concluded that the combination of EGR and hydrous ethanol gasoline could improve combustion characteristics but decrease soot production, further enhance the performance while reduce particulate matter emissions of GDI engine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Gasoline
Controlled terms:Alternative fuels - Combustion - Computer software - Dehydrogenation - Direct injection - Dust - Ethanol - Exhaust gas recirculation - Fuel consumption - Gas emissions - Health risks - Naphthalene - Particles (particulate matter) - Particulate emissions - Soot - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion characteristics - Combustion efficiencies - Dehydrogenation reactions - Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) - Gasoline direct injection engine(GDI) - Gasoline direct injection engines - Particulate matter emissions - Three dimensional simulations
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 461.7 Health Care - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 523 Liquid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+01%, Percentage 5.45e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.36e+01%, Percentage 7.33e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.17.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
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