<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20204409408313
Title:Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the Bothriochloa ischaemum community and its hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow
Title of translation:模拟氮沉降对白羊草地群落特征及其坡面流水动力特性的影响
Authors:Li, Panpan (1); Li, Binbin (2); Wang, Bing (1, 2); Liu, Guobin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Guobin(gbliu@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:52-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Atmospheric nitrogen deposition is one of the most concerned issues in global changes. Grassland communities respond significantly to nitrogen deposition and then have influences on soil erosion. In this study, the typical zonal grass species (Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linn.) Keng) on the Loess Plateau was selected as the research object. The nitrogen deposition process was simulated through nitrogen additions, and the influences of seasonal changes of vegetation communities on overland flow hydrodynamics were explored by the artificial simulated rainfall method. This experiment was conducted at the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR (108°04'27.95″ E and 34°16'56.24″ N), Yangling City, Shaanxi Province, China in 2016. Five treatments with different nitrogen addition levels of 0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/(m<sup>2</sup>•a) (based on N) were designed and they were regarded as N<inf>0</inf>, N<inf>2.5</inf>, N<inf>5</inf> and N<inf>10</inf>, respectively. All the treatments were subjected to simulated rainfall under three rainfall intensities of 60, 90 and 120 mm/h monthly from June to September. In addition, from May to September, the coverage of Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linn.) Keng and biological soil crusts before the first rainfall test of each month were monitored. During the rainfall, the mixed samples of runoff and sediment were collected when the flow velocity became stable, and the surface flow velocity and water temperature were measured at the same time. According to the formula of open channel flow, the hydrodynamic parameters such as flow discharge, mean flow velocity, water depth, Reynolds number, Froude number, Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient, Manning's roughness coefficient, flow shear stress, stream power and unit energy of water-carrying section were calculated. The results showed that nitrogen additions promoted the coverage of Bothriochloa ischaemum (Linn.) Keng and algal crusts, but inhibited the moss crusts. Compared with no nitrogen treatment (N<inf>0</inf>), the overland flow resistances values of treatments of N<inf>2.5</inf>, N<inf>5</inf> and N<inf>10</inf> were significantly decreased by 68.6% to 71.5% (Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient) and by 44.7% to 47.4% (Manning's Roughness coefficient). The mean flow velocity values were accelerated by 32.0% to 44.0% and water depth values were reduced by 25.1% to 28.7%. The flow shear stress and stream power values were increased significantly by 228.7% to 327.4% and 313.5% to 543.2%, respectively. The unit energy of water-carrying section values was reduced by 24.4% to 27.9%. With seasons changing, the resistance values to overland flow in September were increased significantly by 220.2% to 496.9% (Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient) and 79.5% to 139.4% (Manning's roughness coefficient), compared with the early-mid period (from June to August). Furthermore, the mean flow velocity values were decreased by 23.5% to 29.7%, the water depth values increased by 36.4% to 66.9%. The flow shear stress and stream power values were decreased by 97.7% to 99.4% and 98.1% to 99.7%, respectively, and the unit energy of water-carrying section values was increased by 20.8% to 64.2%. Moreover, overland flow resistance was decreased with the increase of rainfall intensity, which promoted mean flow velocity, water depth, and stream power. All in all, with the nitrogen addition increasing, the overland flow resistance was significantly reduced, the flow velocity was accelerated, the water depth was decreased, the flow shear stress and stream power were significantly increased, and the unit energy of water-carrying section was reduced. Grassland plays vital roles in regulating overland flow. However, the increase of atmospheric nitrogen deposition may exacerbate soil erosion on the slope. Overall, the results can provide a scientific instruction for grassland vegetation construction and soil erosion control in the Loess Plateau.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Shear flow
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Erosion - Flow velocity - Hydrodynamics - Landforms - Nitrogen - Open channel flow - Rain - Reynolds number - Rivers - Runoff - Sediments - Shear stress - Soil conservation - Soils - Vegetation - Velocity - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial simulated rainfall - Atmospheric nitrogen deposition - Biological soil crusts - Hydrodynamic characteristics - Hydrodynamic parameters - Manning's roughness coefficient - Resistance coefficients - Soil and water conservation
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.08e+01% to 6.42e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+02% to 4.97e+02%, Percentage 2.29e+02% to 3.27e+02%, Percentage 2.35e+01% to 2.97e+01%, Percentage 2.44e+01% to 2.79e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+01% to 2.87e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+02% to 5.43e+02%, Percentage 3.20e+01% to 4.40e+01%, Percentage 3.64e+01% to 6.69e+01%, Percentage 4.47e+01% to 4.74e+01%, Percentage 6.86e+01% to 7.15e+01%, Percentage 7.95e+01% to 1.39e+02%, Percentage 9.77e+01% to 9.94e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+01% to 9.97e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20204409408334
Title:Species-specific identification of meat and bone meal based on Raman spectral analysis of bone protein
Title of translation:基于骨蛋白拉曼光谱特异性的肉骨粉种属鉴别方法
Authors:Han, Yahong (1, 2); Jian, Lin (2); Du, Ruiming (2); Su, Yanfu (2); Zhu, Ming (1); Han, Lujia (2); Liu, Xian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xian(lx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:267-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Meat and bone meal can be widely used as an important protein feed raw material in breeding industry, because of its high content of protein and biological value. However, the feed safety issues occurred frequently around the world, such as mad cow disease and sheep pruritus. There is an urgent need to develop an identification technology with a simple, reliable, reasonable, and efficient way to distinguish the specific species of meat and bone meal. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics methods were used to establish a systematic approach for the identification of species in meat and bone meal. The proposed method was based on the difference in Raman spectral characteristics of bone protein. This is due mainly to the composition and structure of bone proteins vary with species, while the bone protein was also the dominated component of meat and bone meal. A total of 87 source-reliable samples of meat and bone meal were analyzed, including 23 porcine, 22 poultry, 20 bovine, and 22 ovine in the measurement. Given the extraction procedures of proteins were complex, the bone protein was enriched via the extracting bone particles, and then ground into powder. All the powdered bone particles were scanned by the Raman spectrometer from 400 to 3 600 cm<sup>-1</sup>, where the Raman characteristics of bone protein, including 3200-2800, 1800-1200 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 900-800 cm<sup>-1</sup>, were selected for further analysis. A three-step protocol was established for discriminant analysis combined with partial least squares method. The first model was used for the identification of poultry and mammal (porcine, bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal, where six latent variables were selected to establish the partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model. The specific fingerprint characteristic bands were at 1659, 2930, 2852, 1246 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 1455 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant models were achieved at 100%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model based on the Raman characteristic band of bone protein can be well suited to distinguish poultry and mammal (porcine, bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal. The second model was used for the identification of non-ruminant (porcine) and ruminant (bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal, where ten latent variables were selected to establish a PLS-DA model according to the Raman characteristic bands of bone protein. The fingerprint characteristic bands were located at 2852, 1659 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 1246 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant model can also be 100%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model can be used to well distinguish non-ruminant (porcine) and ruminant (bovine and ovine) meat and bone meal. The third model was used for the identification of bovine and ovine meat and bone meal, where eleven latent variables were selected to establish a PLS-DA model. Their fingerprint characteristic bands were at 878, 853, 2930, 2852, 1246, 1455 cm<sup>-1</sup>, and 1659 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Both the sensitivity and specificity of discriminant model can be obtained over 93.8%, indicating that the PLS-DA discriminant analysis model can be used to well distinguish bovine and ovine meat and bone meal. The findings can be contributed much to the rapid development of a portable Raman spectrometer system for species-specific identification of meat and bone meal in feed industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Meats
Controlled terms:Discriminant analysis - Least squares approximations - Mammals - Proteins - Spectrometers - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic bands - Discriminant analysis model - Identification technology - Partial least square (PLS) - Partial least-squares method - Raman characteristics - Sensitivity and specificity - Species-specific identification
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.38e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20204409408310
Title:Assessment of ecological compensation standards for county-level photovoltaic poverty alleviation under the background of agricultural modernization
Title of translation:农业现代化背景下县域光伏扶贫生态补偿标准评估
Authors:Liu, Chengyu (1); Yang, Hongming (2); Lai, Mingyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha; 410114, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Hongming(yhm5218@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:300-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Photovoltaic poverty alleviation is an important means to promote agricultural modernization in poor areas. But rural ecosystem service functions will be influenced by the large-scale construction of photovoltaic power plants in the underdeveloped regions. The construction of ground photovoltaic power station can provide several benefits including low-pollution and low-emission power for poor families, inhibits sandstorms formation and enhances surface water resources by battery panels and brackets. However, the production of modules and the construction of ground photovoltaic power station will cause energy consumption and emissions, which lead to climate warming and environmental pollution. This study comprehensively considers the positive and negative effects of the atmosphere, soil, water resources, and nutrient cycling etc. from photovoltaic poverty alleviation project, uses the ecosystem service payment method to build an ecosystem service index evaluation system, as well as economic value assessment models of positive impact and economic loss assessment models of negatively impact. Determine the compensation subject and compensation object according to the "the beneficiaries and environmental influencers pay, the victims compensated", three feasible compensation schemes are proposed for the purpose of making up the economic loss of the compensation object and for the feasible condition that the economic values of compensation subject are still surplus after paying compensation. By redistributing the economic value in the economic, environmental and social dimensions obtained by the beneficiaries and environmental influencers, the compensation standard is determined, and the situation of poverty alleviation after compensation is compared and judged. Taking the ground village level photovoltaic poverty alleviation power station in Yanling County as an example, the typical county level photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in northeast, northwest and southwest areas are selected for verification. The results showed that: In 2018, the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project in Yanling County had a positive impact economic value of 7.9699 million yuan and a negative impact economic loss of 1.0511 million yuan, and the positive impact was 7.58 times of the negative impact; Among the 460 participants, the average photovoltaic grid connected income per person was 1 971.59 yuan, which was far lower than the minimum poverty alleviation standard of 3 468.16 yuan; In the first compensation scheme, the poor households are both the compensation object and the compensation subject, and the per capita net income of compensation is only 1 294.09 yuan, which could not get rid of poverty; In the second and third compensation schemes, the poor households are only the compensation objects and do not pay compensation. The per capita income reaches 3 527.3 yuan, which is higher than the minimum poverty alleviation standard; Horizontal comparison shows that the three ecological compensation schemes have helped the poor in the Yanshou County, Shuicheng County and Datong County to increase their income and get rid of poverty; Longitudinal comparison shows that the effects of ecological compensation in four regions are the same as in Yanling County, and the second and third compensation schemes enable poor households to obtain more income. The results show that environmental protection and poverty eradication will be realized in coordination through a good design of ecological compensation mechanism.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Economic analysis - Ecosystems - Energy utilization - Losses - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Photovoltaic cells - Photovoltaic effects - River pollution - Rural areas - Solar power plants - Storms - Surface water resources - Surface waters
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Compensation standards - Ecological compensation - Ecosystem service functions - Environmental pollutions - Photovoltaic power plant - Photovoltaic power stations - Positive and negative effect
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 615.2 Solar Power - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20204409408311
Title:Effect of compound quality improver on the frozen quality of frozen dough for steamed bread
Title of translation:复合改良剂对后发酵馒头冷冻面团冻藏品质的影响
Authors:Zhou, Yiming (1); Zhang, Yayuan (1); Lyu, Xindong (1); Liu, Qian (1); Li, Yunlong (2); Jiang, Qingyi (1); Zhou, Xiaoli (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai; 201418, China; (2) Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan; 030031, China; (3) University Think Tank of Shanghai Municipality, Institute of Beautiful China and Ecological Civilization, Shanghai; 201418, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Xiaoli(zhouxl@sit.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:274-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Steamed bread is a traditional fermented pasta product in China, which plays an important role in the dietary structure. With the improvement of people's living standards and the acceleration of life pace in recent years, steamed bread has become a popular fast food product for consumer. However, the shelf life of steamed bread is short and easy to be aged, which greatly affects the industrialized production of steamed bread. Frozen dough technology can provide an economic and effective technical way. However, the relevant research reports pointed out that the water in the dough formed ice crystals in the process of frozen storage. Because of the temperature fluctuation, recrystallization will occur, which will destroy the network structure of the dough, make the dough appear cracks after freezing, reduce the gas holding capacity, as well as affect the quality of frozen dough and its cooked products. At the same time, ice crystal will also lead to the damage and rupture of yeast cells, such as the damage of its respiratory system, the reduction of yeast vitality and the lack of gas production, which will cause the decline of dough specific volume, texture and sensory quality. The use of dough quality improver can enhance the structure of gluten network, protect yeast activity, improve the quality of dough, and prolong the storage period of frozen dough. To study the effect of different improvers on the quality of frozen dough and its cooked products, and to select the compound improvers which can improve the quality of the products better, it has a certain practical significance in the actual production. In order to improve the quality of frozen dough and to clarify the effect of different food improvers on the quality of unwrapped frozen dough, this paper studied compound thickeners (carrageenan, guar gum, sodium alginate) and compound emulsifier (diacetyl tartrate monoglyceride, carboxymethyl cellulose), complex enzyme preparations (glutamine transaminase, glucose oxidase) and trehalose on the quality of unwrapped frozen dough steamed bread, through single factor and response surface experimental design, the effect of different compound quality improver on the specific volume, texture and sensory quality of frozen dough. Studies have shown that the effect of trehalose and enzyme preparation on the specific volume of frozen dough is extremely significant (P<0.01). Under the compounding process of adding 0.4 % emulsifier, 0.8 % thickener, 45 mg/kg enzyme preparation and 2 % trehalose, the specific volume of the frozen dough steamed bread reached the level of 3.15 mL/g, and its hardness and the springiness also reached a superior value of 926.832 g and 0.912 8, respectively. At the same time, the frozen dough which was not added and added with the compound quality improver for 0-2.5 month was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that most of the small starch granules in the frozen dough without the addition of the modifier were exposed outside, the particles were distinct, and the internal structure was uneven. The frozen dough starch granules with the compound quality improver added in the gluten network, the protein network structure is clear and complete, the internal structure of the frozen dough is even and tight.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Bakeries - Crystals - Emulsification - Food products - Gas industry - Glucose oxidase - Glucose sensors - Granulation - Respiratory system - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium alginate - Starch - Textures - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Carboxy-methyl cellulose - Compounding process - Enzyme preparation - Industrialized production - Internal structure - Network structures - Sensory qualities - Temperature fluctuation
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 462.1 Biomedical Equipment, General - 522 Gas Fuels - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 933.1 Crystalline Solids - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 0.00e+00yr to 2.08e-01yr, Mass 9.27e-01kg, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 8.00e-01%, Specific_Volume 3.15e-03m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20204409408253
Title:Application of proteomics in mechanism research of fresh meat color changes
Title of translation:蛋白质组学在生鲜肉肉色变化机制研究中的应用
Authors:Liang, Rongrong (1); Xu, Baochen (1); Zhang, Yimin (1); Yang, Xiaoyin (1); Zhu, Lixian (1); Mao, Yanwei (1); Zhang, Wenhua (2); Luo, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) National Beef Cattle Industrial Technology System, Zhongwei Station, Zhongwei; 755000, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xin(luoxin@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Meat color is a major quality attribute that influences the purchasing decisions of consumers at the point of sale. The stability of meat color gradually decreases after slaughter which then eventually leads to the discoloration. The discoloration will result in lost value during retail display. So, the mechanism behind slaughtering meat color variation is always a hot topic in the field of meat science which has been widely studied in order to improve meat color stability. Many factors from both preharvest and postharvest can influence the color stability, including pH value, temperature, different muscle, package, lipid oxidation, processing and so on. However, in this complex system, the inherent factors that determine meat color include the microstructure changes and biochemical functions. The structural protein determines the micro spatial structure of muscle, which affects the meat color from the aspects of water holding capacity, light scattering, and projection, etc. Enzymes and chaperones in sarcoplasmic protein mainly represent meat color by maintaining intracellular homeostasis, and regulate metabolism and myoglobin status. So far, the effects of many factors on meat color have been described in detail, and the role of myoglobin in meat color has been much clear. However, the appearance of meat color is a complex biochemical system, and there are still many unknowns to be explored. What happens to myoglobin and other functional proteins in this complex system remains unknown. Recently, many protein markers have been found in the application of proteomics in meat color research, and the pathways related to these biomarkers have been highlighted. However, that is still far from enough to clearly understand the variable color changes. The complex interaction between myoglobin and other functional proteins or enzymes are not fully understood. Therefore, the present article reviews the major achievements of recent proteomic researches on meat color of the biological functions and further summarized the potential mechanism of fresh meat discoloration. The differential proteins related to meat color were mainly analyzed. These differential proteins mainly include actin, myosin and titin in structural proteins, as well as chaperone proteins, heat shock proteins, metabolic enzymes and oxidoreductases in sarcoplasmic proteins. Effects of these proteins on meat color and its possible regulatory mechanisms were analyzed. The effects of structural protein abundance differences on light transmittance, absorption and scattering are reviewed from a physical point, and finally lead to the color changes. The difference proteins in sarcoplasmic proteins were reviewed from the perspective of biochemistry. Chaperones can maintain the stability of protein and slow down the denaturation of protein, thus helping to maintain the stability of meat color. Metabolic enzymes mainly affect a* value and metmyoglobin reductase activity. But due to different treatments in previous studies, the results of some metabolic enzymes have not reached a consistent conclusion. Further work still needs to be done to get the final conclusion. Oxidoreductases can maintain the stability of redox state in cells, and then benefit to maintain the color stability. Peroxidase can inhibit lipid oxidation and then help maintain color stability. It suggests that in future, protein biomarkers may be used to explain and predict meat color development. In this research, the mechanism of meat color improvement and the regulation of biomarkers were proposed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:71
Main heading:Color
Controlled terms:Biomarkers - Colorimetry - Discoloration - Enzymes - Light scattering - Meats - Metabolism - Muscle - Proteomics - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption and scatterings - Biochemical functions - Biological functions - Different treatments - Microstructure changes - Regulatory mechanism - Sarcoplasmic protein - Water holding capacity
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 741.1 Light/Optics - 822.3 Food Products - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20204409408137
Title:Variations of sap flow rate and its farmland scale improving method for spring maize in northeast China
Title of translation:东北春玉米单株茎流变化规律及其农田尺度提升方法
Authors:Huang, Xi (1, 2); Yang, Weicai (1, 2); Mao, Xiaomin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuwei; 733000, China
Corresponding author:Mao, Xiaomin(maoxiaomin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:94-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Maize is one of the main food crop in the northeast China. It is of great significance to understand the sap flow rate variation and its environmental impact factors for optimizing the structure of maize production and achieving high water use efficiency in the northeast China. In order to reveal the daily variation of sap flow rate and its environmental impact factors, to clarify the scaling conversion factors for upscaling individual plant sap flow estimation to the farmland level, and to investigate the characteristics of evapotranspiration (ET) during the filling stage, field experiments were conducted in two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) in the northeast China. The sap flow rates, crop growth indices, meteorological data, soil evaporation and soil water content of the root zone in black soil were determined. The results showed that there was an obvious day-night fluctuation of spring maize sap flow rate, and the average peak values of sap flow rate in the two years were 58.72 and 48.26 g/h, respectively. Rainfall events had a strong inhibitory effect on the sap flow of spring maize, and the sap flow rate increased significantly after rainfall, even higher than that before rainfall. The sap flow rate was quite different among the sunny, cloudy and rainy days. The sap flow rate revealed a multi-peak curve in the cloudy and rainy days. The maize sap flow rate was the highest in the the sunny day, followed by cloudy and rainy days, with the average values of 16.14, 8.28, 3.13 g/h respectively in 2018. The variation of sap flow rate could be regarded as the result induced by the comprehensive effects of various environmental factors. According to the correlation analysis, the sap flow rate had a significant positive correlation with air temperature, wind speed, water vapor pressure and photosynthetic active radiation, and a significant negative correlation with relative humidity and soil temperature. The absolute values of the correlation coefficients between the sap flow rate and air temperature, photosynthetic active radiation, and relative humidity were above 0.8, indicating that they were the main environmental factors affecting spring maize sap flow rate in the black soil region of northeast China. Using the stem diameter, stem cross-sectional area and leaf area as the scaling conversion factors, the individual plant sap flow rates were upscaled to the farmland level during the spring maize filling stage, which were 118.60, 125.07 and 112.86 mm in 2017, and 104.91, 112.96 and 97.68 mm in 2018, respectively. Leaf area index, wind speed, average soil moisture content at 1-m soil layer, and net radiation were selected to establish the soil evaporation forecast model based on the Support Vector Regression (SVR). Then the SVR model was used to estimate the evaporation values that were absent in micro-lysimeter monitoring mainly in rainfall days. The results showed that the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of the soil evaporation forecast model based on SVR were 0.39 mm and 0.82. Therefore, the SVR model was reliable to be used for the evaporation forecast. The evaporation values during the spring maize filling stages in the two years were 42.32 and 32.98 mm, respectively. The sum of transpiration (obtained by the three upscaling methods) and evaporation (obtained as mentioned above) in the two years were compared with the ET calculated by water balance method, and the relative errors were all within 20%. The average daily ET values were within the range of 4.22~4.78 and 3.91~4.56 mm/d, respectively during the spring maize filling stages of the two years. The ET calculated by using leaf area as the scaling conversion factor was the closest to the result of water balance method, with an relative error of about 5%. It demonstrated that the leaf area was suitable to be used as the converting factor for upscaling the single plant sap flow to farmland level of the maize field in black soil of northeast China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Flow rate
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Environmental impact - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Farms - Filling - Forecasting - Mean square error - Plants (botany) - Rain - Soil moisture - Support vector regression - Transpiration - Water supply - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil region of northeast chinas - Coefficient of determination - Correlation coefficient - Environmental impact factors - Photosynthetic active radiations - Positive correlations - Root mean squared errors - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.34e-05kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.63e-05kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 8.69e-07kg/s, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.13e-01m, Size 1.25e-01m, Size 3.30e-02m, Size 3.90e-04m, Size 4.23e-02m, Size 9.77e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20204409408285
Title:Identification of multiple plant leaf diseases using neural architecture search
Title of translation:基于神经结构搜索的多种植物叶片病害识别
Authors:Huang, Jianping (1); Chen, Jingxu (1); Li, Kexin (1); Li, Junyu (1); Liu, Hang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:166-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A plant disease is one of the key factors affecting the yield and safety of agricultural products. Traditional monitoring methods rely mainly on field sampling, and thereby to assess the species and severity of diseases, normally implemented by plant conservation experts. Nevertheless, the time-consuming and laborious method cannot meet the application requirements of rapid detection in actual large-scale production in modern agriculture. Alternatively, the image analysis method for automatic identification of plant diseases can provide an effective technical way for the real-time monitoring, particularly on deep learning algorithms with the advantages of high spatial resolution and high speed. However, most previous methods strongly depend on the experience of experts during the design of deep neural network architectures. It is inevitable to frequently adjust the network architecture and parameters, in order to obtain the optimal recognition model. In this study, a disease recognition method from plant leaf image was proposed based on the Neural Architecture Search (NAS). Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm was used to guide the network morphism, and thereby the network architecture can be selected as the optimal operation of network morphism every time. The proposed method can also automatically learn the appropriate deep neural network architecture according to the specific data set. A total of 54 306 plant disease images including 14 crops and 26 diseases of PlantVillage were used as experimental data. The balanced data after oversampling and subsampling, and the data after grayscale processing, where the 80% of images were used as the training dataset, whereas, the rest as the testing dataset. Firstly, the initial architecture of NAS was set as a three-layer convolutional neural network. Each layer was set as a convolution block, including a ReLU layer, a batch-normalization layer, a convolutional layer, and a pooling layer. Training data was used as the NAS input, while, the search history can be all generated network architecture, parameters learned from network architecture, and model loss values. Secondly, the acquisition function algorithm was optimized to generate the next network architecture for the observation. In the algorithm, the input data can be taken as the minimum temperature, cooling rate and search history of simulated annealing algorithm, whereas, the output data can be the new network architecture, and the required network morphing operation, in order to transform the existing architecture into a new one. After that, it needed to divide the data into multiple batches, and then to train each searched neural architecture. The optimal network architecture was automatically marked when the given search time reached. As such, the required network architecture was finally trained to obtain the disease classification model. Consequently, the disease identification can be gained using the test data as input to the model. Experimental results showed that the proposed method can search the appropriate network architecture in a short time. Furthermore, the method can also find out the optimal network structure, when the training sample data was in unbalanced and balanced conditions, where the accuracies of model recognition were 98.96% and 99.01%, respectively. Additionally, the color information of images related to plant disease has a positive promoting effect on the recognition of the diseases. Nevertheless, the accuracy of model recognition relatively decreased to 95.40%, when the gray image without balance processing was used as the training data. The proposed method can effectively simplify the workload of network architecture design, while identify accurately plant diseases, and thereby to provide a promising technical way for scientific formulation of disease control strategies.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Network architecture
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Automation - Conservation - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Data handling - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Disease control - Image processing - Learning algorithms - Multilayer neural networks - Network layers - Simulated annealing - Statistical tests - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Application requirements - Existing architectures - High spatial resolution - Large scale productions - Network architecture design - Optimal network architecture - Optimal network structure - Simulated annealing algorithms
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20204409408261
Title:Effects of different water and fertilizer managements on greenhouse gas emissions of rice fields in Poyang Lake Basin
Title of translation:水肥管理对鄱阳湖流域稻田温室气体排放的影响
Authors:Peng, Zenglin (1); Cui, Yuanlai (1); Cai, Shuo (2); Liu, Bo (1); Shu, Yonghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Jiangxi Center Station of Irrigation Experiment, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Efficient Water-Saving and Non-Point Source Pollution Preventing, Nanchang; 330201, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Yuanlai(YLCui@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:85-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Methane (CH<inf>4</inf>), carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) and nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) are three of important greenhouse gases discharged by paddy fields. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields plays a crucial role in slowing global warming. In order to evaluate the influence of different water and fertilizer management modes on CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions in paddy fields and to find out a recommended mode from the perspective of reducing greenhouse gas emission and maintaining rice yield, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of six treatments including two irrigation methods (intermittent irrigation and flooding irrigation, referred to as W1 and W0, respectively) and three application rates of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 135, 180 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, referred to as N0, N1 and N2, respectively) on CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions in the medium rice fields between June and September, 2019. The test site was located at the experimental base (115°58ʹ E, 28°26ʹ N) of the Jiangxi Province Center Station of Irrigation Experiment, in the Ganfu Plain of Poyang Lake Basin characterized by a typical subtropical and humid monsoonal climate with an annual average temperature of 18.1℃ and an annual average rainfall of 1 634 mm. Closed static dark chamber-gas chromatography was used to collect gas fluxes during the rice-growing seasons and measure the diurnal variation of greenhouse gases in three typical days and dynamics of CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions during the whole growth season of rice. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was calculated based on CO<inf>2</inf> equivalents and combined with the yields to obtain the Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity (GHGI) of every treatment. The results showed that diurnal variation of CH<inf>4</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> emissions were similar with single-peak curves and the peak occured at noon, and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions showed a trimodal curve pattern during the typical day. The time period of 08: 00-11: 00 a.m. was recommended to collect gas fluxes based on analysis of correction factors at different time periods. Irrigation treatments had an extremely significant effect on the CH<inf>4</inf> emissions during the rice growing season, and accumulative CH<inf>4</inf> emissions under W0 were higher than that under W1. The CO<inf>2</inf> emission of N0 treatment was lower than that of N2 and N1 under W1, and also lower than that of N2 and N1 under W0. The N<inf>2</inf>O emission of N0 treatment was also lower than that of N2 and N1 under W1, and lower than that of N2 and N1 under W0. The treatment of W0 reduced CO<inf>2</inf> and N<inf>2</inf>O emissions compared to W1. Soil and air temperature were both important environmental factors affecting greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. Based on regression analysis between greenhouse gases from paddy fields and temperature, the daily emission flux and temperature of CH<inf>4</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> had significant effects at the levels of 0.01 and 0.05, respectively. The sensitivity of CH<inf>4</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> to soil temperature at 10 cm was higher than that of air temperature in chambers. Compared with a typical day in August, the temperature sensitivity of a typical day in September was higher, and the difference between sensitive coefficients to air temperature and soil temperature was larger. In addition, two-way analysis of variance showed that water-fertilizer interactions had an extremely significant effect on both GWP and GHGI. The treatment of intermittent irrigation combined with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rate (135 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) had the lowest GHGI, and thus was a recommended water and fertilizer management mode for the paddy field in the Poyang Lake Basin.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Gas emissions
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Carbon dioxide - Gas chromatography - Global warming - Greenhouse gases - Irrigation - Lakes - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen oxides - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental factors - Fertilizer applications - Fertilizer management - Global warming potential - Intermittent irrigations - Irrigation treatments - Poyang Lake basins - Temperature sensitivity
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.63e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20204409408237
Title:Research progress in environmental control key technologies, facilities and equipment for laying hen production in China
Title of translation:中国规模化养鸡环境控制关键技术与设施设备研究进展
Authors:Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yang (1, 2, 3); Zheng, Weichao (1, 2, 3); Tong, Qin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:212-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Poultry industry is increasing constantly at the level of scale, intensity, and industrialized production in last 40 years. Environmental factors have become much more significant effects on laying hen, due to the high-yielding layer needs much higher requirement for the comfortable thermal environment, while the low adaptability to environmental fluctuating conditions. Maintaining a suitable living environment conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, CO<inf>2</inf> and NH<inf>3</inf>, is essential for the birds to ensure their well-being, efficient utilization of feed, and the maximum productivity. Large fluctuations of air temperature can pose multiple adverse effects on bird health, resulting in considerable losses in egg production. Thus, the key factors, including the uniformity of hygro-thermal parameters, and air quality, can affect poultry health, even to increase the bird mortality. In this study, three main aspects were reviewed: environmental regulation theory, environmental control technology, together with the facilities and equipment of poultry farming. The breakthrough was addressed on the thermal insulation performance of outer building envelope, wet-pad evaporative cooling system, ventilation system, and air distribution theory in closed layer house. (1) The laying hen are usually kept in isolated houses with a well-insulated structure, where the thermoneutral temperature can generally be maintained using sensible heat from the birds. Currently, it is becoming increasingly obvious that the layers houses need more insulation to retain heat in cold climates. In order to reduce heat loads in livestock buildings, the optimization of thermal insulation thicknesses of building envelopes can offer an effective way to ensure thermal comfort environment, while to significantly decrease the energy requirements. (2) The ventilation systems also play an important role in reducing excessive heat, moisture, air pollutants, and airborne pathogens in poultry facilities. Generally, the ventilation system is developed to make the fresh air go through a surge chamber before entering the houses. A new ventilation system was designed to alleviate the variations of air temperature for the uniformity, while reduce dust deposition rates in poultry houses, particularly that located in continental climate regions. The wet-pad evaporative cooling system was summarized in different climate zones, including the control of temperature uniformity, and the air distribution technology of poultry houses. (3) The development and application of current facilities and equipment were addressed for poultry housing system, including high density caged system, natural mating colony cages, even the poultry buildings with a slightly acidic electrolyzed water ionizer. The future development direction was predicted on intelligent livestock management and monitoring platform, intelligent caged dead layer identification devices, as well as the welfare-oriented breeding mode and technical equipment for laying hen. This review can provide a theoretical basis for automatically environmental control of large-scale poultry farming, and thereby to promote the high-quality transformation, for the sustainable development of modern poultry stocking industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:62
Main heading:Thermal insulation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air quality - Ammonia - Atmospheric temperature - Birds - Deposition rates - Environmental management - Environmental regulations - Environmental technology - Evaporation - Evaporative cooling systems - Heating - Houses - Quality control - Solar buildings - Sustainable development - Thermoelectric equipment - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - Development directions - Environmental control - Environmental factors - Industrialized production - Insulation performance - Slightly acidic electrolyzed waters - Temperature uniformity
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.3 Residences - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 643.5 Ventilation - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20204409408183
Title:Inversion of Pb content in soil based on iron oxide characteristic spectrum and improved genetic algorithm
Title of translation:基于铁氧化物特征光谱和改进遗传算法反演土壤Pb含量
Authors:Zhang, Xia (1); Wang, Yibo (1, 2); Sun, Weichao (1); Huang, Changping (1); Zhang, Mao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:103-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A hyperspectral reflectance can be expected as an alternative method to quickly predict the concentration of heavy metals in soil at present. However, excessive band counting of hyperspectral data can lead to information redundancy during the quantitative inversion of surface parameters, and thereby to make it difficult to extract valid data from the spectrum. In this study, two aspects were addressed to solve spectral redundancy during the inversion of Pb content in soil: One is to extract the characteristics of iron oxides from the soil spectrum, according to the adsorption mechanism of Pb element in soil, in order to reduce data redundancy, while enhance the mechanism of inversion. Another is to propose an Improved Genetic Algorithm (IGA), in order to deal with the premature convergence of traditional Genetic Algorithm (GA), further to improve the extracting ability of algorithm for the required spectrum. Taking the Xiong'an New Area near Beijing, a national new-district in China, as the research region, the field experiment was carried out to quickly collect the Pb content of soil in the farmland, resulting from the rapid construction and developing facilities in recent years. 70 soil samples from the Xiong'an farmland were selected to establish the inversion model of Pb content. SVC HR1024I type ground object spectrometer was used to measure the raw hyperspectral reflectance of soil samples according to the national standard procedure in field farmland. After that, the collected soil samples were transferred to the laboratory for chemical analysis, particularly for the Pb content. Before modeling, the methods, including Savitzky-Golay filter, envelope removal and first-order difference, were used to pretreat with segmented the curves of soil reflectance. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) was selected to serve as inversion model, in order to well deal with the strong correlation between hyperspectral bands. The models were also constructed in terms of full spectrum and characteristic bands of iron oxides, to verify the effectiveness of extracting method from characteristic bands of iron oxides during the inversion process. In full spectrum, the average values of R<sup>2</sup>, RPD, RMSE in the IGA-PLSR models were 0.440, 1.366, and 4.012 mg/kg, respectively. In the characteristic bands of iron oxides, the average values of R<sup>2</sup>, RPD, RMSE in the IGA-PLSR models were 0.822, 2.377, and 2.221 mg/kg, respectively. It infers that the models using the characteristic bands of iron oxides were much better than those using the full spectrum, indicating that the extraction for the characteristic bands of iron oxides can be contributed to reduce the redundancy of spectral information, and thereby to significantly improve the accuracy of the inversion model. Consequently, a final inversion model was selected from the optimal model for the improvement of inversion algorithm, based on the utilization of the characteristic bands of iron oxides to construct the GA-PLSR and IGA-PLSR models with different iterations. In the GA-PLSR models, the average values of R<sup>2</sup>, RPD, RMSE in the optimal model were 0.788, 2.140, and 2.447 mg/kg, respectively, whereas, the IGA-PLSR model achieved the highest accuracy, where the average values of R<sup>2</sup>, RPD, RMSE were 0.837, 2.403, and 2.063 mg/kg, respectively. Therefore, the optimal model of IGA-PLSR was chosen to estimate the Pb content in soil for the Xiong'an farmland area. The IGA-PLSR method has demonstrated better performance in the inversion of Pb content in soil, indicating that the proposed method was valid to improve genetic algorithm. At last, a visualized profile can be conducted for the changes of RMSE during the 1000 iterations of two models. The visualization revealed that the RMSE in the GA-PLSR model decreased monotonously during the operation process, whereas, the RMSE in the IGA-PLSR model fluctuated greatly at the beginning of the iteration, showing a certain probability to jump out from the local solution area to a better solution area at the later stage, while meaning that the problem of "premature convergence" was solved properly. This study revealed that two aspects, including the extraction of iron oxides spectral features associated with Pb absorption, and the improved algorithm of bands selection, both can be used to enhance the accuracy of Pb content estimation in soil. The proposed algorithm can provide a sound reference to real-time monitor the variation of heavy metal content in soil for Xiong'an area, China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Genetic algorithms
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Data mining - Extraction - Farms - Iron oxides - Iterative methods - Lead - Least squares approximations - Redundancy - Reflection - Soil surveys - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic spectrum - First order differences - Hyperspectral reflectance - Information redundancies - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Pre-mature convergences - Spectral redundancies - Traditional genetic algorithms
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20204409408125
Title:Intelligent diagnosis of greenhouse cucumber diseases based on multi-structure parameter ensemble learning
Title of translation:多结构参数集成学习的设施黄瓜病害智能诊断
Authors:Gao, Ronghua (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Qifeng (1, 2, 3, 4); Sun, Xiang (1, 2, 3, 4); Gu, Jingqiu (1, 2, 3, 4); Peng, Cheng (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Information Technologies in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Li, Qifeng(liqf@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:158-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Identification of plant disease has been becoming a significant issue on the pattern recognition and image processing in intelligent agriculture. However, the conventional single feature cannot clarify the typical characteristics of crop diseases, due to the various parameters of growth environment, including the soil temperature and humidity, pH value, air temperature and humidity, all are closely related to the plant disease. Recently, the vectorization of multi-structured data learning, and the optimal combination of features can provide a new way to effectively improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis. Taking 50 samples and four types of cucumber diseases as examples, including powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, keratoderma, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum, this study aims to establish an optimal combination model for multi structure of plant disease, using integrated learning of in situ environmental parameters via intelligent Internet of Things. The specific collected data can be 4332 of powdery mildew, 4213 of keratoderma, 234 of anthracnose, and 2895 of fusarium wilt. Each kind of disease was corresponding to several descriptions of expert knowledge, which were combined with the number of expert knowledge description for each disease. Based on the perception model of multimedia sensor networks, a multi-path packet transmission method was proposed to ensure the reliability of multi-structure data transmission. The collected multi-source heterogeneous data was grouped and transmitted along multiple paths, in order to reduce data loss and transmission time, while improve the accuracy of data acquisition. The heterogeneous modal information was then mapped on the shared subspace, while the similarity of heterogeneous data was directly measured under a framework. Furthermore, the relationship of unknown heterogeneous data was derived using the integrated index system of multi structure parameters. A learning vector quantization neural network algorithm was used for the multi-fusion category by fusing the structural environmental parameters of crop growth, and unstructured image features. Three types of data features in the input layer were fused to establish semantic association, including the real-time environment Internet of things data, crop disease image data and expert knowledge text data. A method of multi-structure parameter ensemble learning was used to diagnose disease types, where the recognition rate of samples was 79.4% to 93.6%. Specifically, the recognition rate of powdery mildew was relatively high, due to its obvious image features and clear relationship between environment and disease. The identification rate of fusarium wilt was lower than that of other diseases, because of the similar disease characteristics and anthracnose image features, with emphasis on the expert knowledge description of leaf spot. In order to verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm, a convolutional neural network and simple image recognition technology based on deep transfer learning were selected to carry out experimental analysis on the above-mentioned four typical cucumber diseases. The experimental results show that in the convolution neural network image recognition method, the recognition rate was similar to that of the proposed method, but the recognition time of background was higher than that of the method, due possibly to reduce the dimension of disease image data. Normally, the deep transfer learning method requires many image data inputs into the network for learning, whereas, the actual number of disease images cannot be enough to meet the requirements of deep learning. That is why the recognition rate can be reduced due to the insufficient samples. The intelligent diagnosis technology of cucumber diseases was established based on multi-structural parameters ensemble learning, and thereby to serve as a sound basis for the correlation analysis between image features and environment parameters. Combined with the environmental and expert knowledge resources, the subspace mapping was used to deal with the heterogeneity of different modal data, further to ensure the accuracy of identification based on less identification time.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Data reduction
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Crops - Data acquisition - Data communication systems - Deep learning - Diagnosis - Fungi - Image analysis - Image recognition - Internet of things - Learning algorithms - Learning systems - Modal analysis - Semantics - Sensor networks - Transfer learning - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Convolution neural network - Environmental parameter - Image recognition technology - Learning Vector Quantization neural networks - Multimedia sensor networks - Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum - Semantic associations - Transfer learning methods
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.94e+01% to 9.36e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20204409408280
Title:Effects of curcumin-mediated of anti-microbial photodynamic technology on preservation of razor clam
Title of translation:姜黄素介导光动力减菌技术对缢蛏的保鲜效果
Authors:Lin, Yilin (1); Li, Shiyang (1); Lai, Danning (1); Huang, Yujie (1); Hu, Jiamiao (1); Zhang, Zhigang (2); Lin, Shaoling (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen; 361000, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Shaoling(shaolinglin@fafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:320-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Razor clam (Sinonovaculaconstricta) is one of the most commercial clam species in China, which is in the Siliqua genus with narrow and slender shells. It has been reported that razor clams are rich in vitamins, amino acids and carbohydrates, and have high nutritional value. However, razor clam is easy to rot during storage, which seriously affects its sensory quality and consumer preferences. Particularly, its abundance of nutrients can lead to high reproduction of microorganisms, thus shortening its shelf life. Therefore, it is highly necessary to propose a novel and efficient sterilization method inhibiting microbial contamination for razor clam preservation. Currently, the anti-microbial photodynamic technology is considered as a novel non-thermal sterilization technology that not only can reduce the microbial growth in foods, but also can preserve their nutritional value, color, quality, and water content. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of anti-microbial photodynamic technology on the preservation of razor clam. The treated conditions of the anti-microbial photodynamic sterilization for razor clam preservation were optimized by total number of bacterial colony with Box-Behnken experimental design. Meanwhile, sensory evaluation and physicochemical indexes were also evaluated on razor clam after storage at 4℃ for 8 days. The results demonstrated that curcumin-mediated could effectively inhibit the residual bacterial contamination in the razor clam and delay the growth of bacteria. The curcumin concentration, soaking time and LED exposure time were the key factors affecting the antibacterial efficiency of this photodynamic sterilization. The sterilization rate could reach 99.99%, when photodynamic sterilization using 26.6 μmol/L curcumin concentration with 24.8 min soaking time and 20.5 min LED exposure time. In addition, the appearance, color and other sensory characteristics of razor clam were maintained in good condition after anti-microbial photodynamic technology treatment storaged at 4℃ for 6 days. Compared with the control group, the physicochemical indexes water content, pH value, thiobarbituric acid and total volatile basic nitrogen values of razor clam were also in desirable range after the optimized anti-microbial photodynamic treatment. The water content of the anti-microbial photodynamic -treated samples was 73.79%, which is significantly higher than that of the control group 59.94%, indicating that treatment of razor clam with curcumin-mediated anti-microbial photodynamic technology might also maintain the water content. In addition, within 6 days of storage, the increase in pH value and decreases in thiobarbituric acid and total volatile basic nitrogen values of razor clam were observed. Moreover, anti-microbial photodynamic technology treatment could significantly delay these changes compared to the control group. In conclusion, this study suggested that the anti-microbial photodynamic technology had good bactericidal activity and could be used for the preservation of razor clam.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Shellfish
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Cell proliferation - Light emitting diodes - Molluscs - Nitrogen - pH - Photodynamic therapy - Sterilization (cleaning) - Water quality - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Bacterial contamination - Bactericidal activity - Box-Behnken experimental design - Consumer preferences - Microbial contamination - Photodynamic treatments - Sensory characteristics - Total volatile basic nitrogens
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 2.19e-02yr, Molar_Concentration 2.66e-02mol/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 5.99e+01%, Percentage 7.38e+01%, Time 1.23e+03s, Time 1.49e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20204409408102
Title:Design and experiments of pickup device of peanut harvester after cutting peanut straws
Title of translation:割秧后花生收获机捡拾装置设计与试验
Authors:Chen, Youqing (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wang, Shenying (1); Cao, Mingzhu (1); Xu, Hongbo (1); Wang, Gongpu (1); Yan, Jianchun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanut straw is excellent feed for animals. In order to realize the animal feed utilization of peanut straw planted with plastic film, a "three-step" harvesting method (cutting-digging-picking and harvesting) was put forward Specifically, peanut straws is cutted before digging to shorten the peanut plant, reduce the transverse size and increase the pod-straw ratio, which is conducive to the harvest operation. At present, there is no suitable pickup device for peanut harvest after cutting straws. Based on the existing peanut combine harvesting techniques, an elastic-tooth pickup device was designed in this paper. As an important part of peanut combine harvester, the elastic-tooth pickup device was mainly composed of pickup elastic tooth, conveying plate, support plate, installation base of pickup elastic tooth, installating tube, main shaft, etc. The transverse sizes of the post-cutting peanut plants were analyzed by using SPSS software, and the separation distance of the neighboring elastic teeth was determined as 7 cm. Based on the theoretical analysis of the conditions of peanut plants picking and throwing, radius of gyration and rotating speed of the elastic tooth determined as 21 cm and 60 r/min, respectively. Through the analysis of the stress situation during the peanut plant picking, the bending angle of the pickup elastic tooth and the length of the bending part were determined to be 102° and 4 cm, respectively. Through analysis of the movement trajectory of the pickup elastic tooth tips by using Matlab software, the movement trajectory of different rows of elastic tooth tips was calculated, the row number of elastic tooth was determined to be 6. Finally, field experiments of the peanut pickup device were carried out. The results showed that the pickup rate was 98.07%, and the drop rate caused by the pickup device was 1.23%, the operation performance of the pickup device met the requirements of peanut pickup harvest after cutting straws. During operation, there were two main reasons for missing picking, firstly, a small amount of peanut plants after cutting were too short and dropped to the ground from the elastic teeth gap; secondly, during the digging operation, some shallow ditches were formed when the tractor tires rolled on the ground, the peanut plants falling in the shallow ditches could not be picked up, resulting in missing picking. There were three main reasons for the pod drop, firstly, some peanut straws decayed and straws strength decreased; secondly, the peanut pod after straws cutting lost the "protection" of peanut vine, which increased the probability of the elastic teeth hitting the pod directly; thirdly, because a small number of peanut plants could not be picked up at one time, and need to be picked up for 2-3 times continuously, multiple picking and beating increased the drop of pod. This study can provide a basis and reference for the development and improvement of the pickup harvest technique for peanut and other short crops.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Animals - Combines - Drops - Harvesters - Harvesting - MATLAB - Pickups
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Harvest operations - Harvesting methods - Matlab- software - Movement trajectories - Operation performance - Radius of gyration - Separation distances
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.23e+00%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+01RPM, Size 2.10e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20204409408289
Title:Construction of SEGT cotton yield estimation model based on UAV image
Title of translation:基于无人机影像的SEGT棉花估产模型构建
Authors:Xu, Quan (1); Guo, Peng (1); Qi, Jiafeng (1); Wang, Chuanjian (2); Zhang, Guoshun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Geospatial Information Engineering Research Center, Geospatial Information Engineering Laboratory, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Peng(gp163@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:44-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Timely and accurate yield estimation is of great significance to agricultural management and macro decision-making. Understanding the growth trend and yield of cotton is helpful not only for farmers to make production plans, but also for foreign trade and import plans of cotton. UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) remote sensing has the characteristics of high spatial resolution, fast data acquisition, simple operation and low cost, and can quickly carry out image acquisition for a certain area, which can obtain more accurate crop distribution information. It has become an important supplement to aerial remote sensing and satellite remote sensing, and has been widely used in crop monitoring and yield estimation. However, the accuracy of yield estimation needs to be improved due to the influence of atmospheric effect and crop phenology. Based on this, a SEGT(Seedling Emergence and Growth Trend) cotton yield estimation model combining the emergence and growth trend of cotton based on the high-resolution image of UAV was constructed in this paper. Firstly, Dapeng CW-10 UAV platform with Canon camera was used to acquire high-resolution visible light images in the research areas on May 23, 2018, and the seedling emergence information of cotton in the study areas was obtained by combining vegetation index calculated with OTSU(Nobuyuki Otsu) and morphological filtering. Secondly, Parrot Sequoia sensor on the eBee SQ UAV platform was used to obtain the UAV multi-spectral images of 10 periods and the NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of each period was calculated. By calculating the correlation between NDVI of each period and the actual yield of cotton, the CNDVI (Comprehensive Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was constructed according to the grading evaluation of cotton growth state and the boll numbers of cotton per plant. Finally, combined with a single boll mass, a SEGT model was constructed to estimate the yield of cotton, and the accuracy was verified according to the measured yield data. The total area of the study areas was about 42.47 hm<sup>2</sup>, including 3 sample plots with the area of 17.72, 15.35 and 9.4 hm<sup>2</sup> respectively. Within the three sample plots, 60 sample plots of 3 m × 3 m were evenly divided, including 40 experimental areas and 20 verification sample areas. The field measured data included the actual emergence information and actual yield of cotton The results showed that ExG-ExR (Excess Green-Excess Red) vegetation index had the best effect in recognition and extraction of cotton seedlings. The accuracy rate, recall rate and F<inf>1</inf> value reached 93%, 92.33% and 92.66%, respectively. The extraction results of cotton seedling with VDVI(Visible-Band Difference Vegetation Index) vegetation index were relatively good, the accuracy rate, recall rate and F<inf>1</inf> value reached 86.67%, 87.67% and 88.12%, respectively. The predicted total cotton yield of the whole study area was 261, 200.75 kg, the estimated cotton yield of the three experimental plots was 107, 704.32, 98 032.27 and 55 464.16 kg respectively, and the actual total yield was 101 542.08, 90 389.69 and 61 626.85 kg, the accuracy of yield estimation of three plots in the study area was 94.28%, 92.2% and 90%, respectively. The validation results showed that the determination coefficient of the model was 0.92, the root mean square error was 0.1, and the relative error was 3.47%. SEGT model had high accuracy and credibility. The study can provide references for the application of UAV remote sensing in crop yield estimation and provide new research ideas for cotton yield estimation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Cameras - Crops - Data acquisition - Decision making - Extraction - Grading - Information filtering - International trade - Mean square error - Production control - Remote sensing - Spectroscopy - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - High resolution visible - High spatial resolution - Morphological filtering - Normalized difference vegetation index - Root mean square errors - Satellite remote sensing - UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 912.2 Management - 913.2 Production Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 4.64e+02kg, Mass 6.27e+02kg, Percentage 3.47e+00%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Percentage 8.77e+01%, Percentage 8.81e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%, Percentage 9.23e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Size 3.00e+00m, Mass 2.01e+02kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20204409408163
Title:Effects of rainfall intensity and slope on splash erosion characteristics of downslope ridge on farmland in black soil areas of Northeast China
Title of translation:降雨强度和坡度对东北黑土区顺坡垄体溅蚀特征的影响
Authors:Zhang, Xingyi (1, 2); Qiao, Baoling (1); Li, Jianyu (1); Qi, Zhi (3); Yan, Yue (2); Zhen, Huaicai (1); Hu, Wei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin; 150081, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Wei(huwei@iga.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:110-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Splash erosion is the initial stage of soil erosion by water, particularly an important process of hillslope erosion. The main cause of splash erosion can be resulted from the destructive force of rain drops, when acting on soil surface aggregates. As such, the splash erosion strongly depends on the rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Most previous studies focused on the characteristics of splash erosion, and dominated affecting factors, in order to reveal the specific mechanism of splash erosion. Moreover, most current studies on splash erosion were usually conducted on non-ridge slope in the farmland. However, little information is available on the up-down ridged slope, especially for the distribution of soil water stable aggregates during splash erosion process in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. Therefore, in this study, an in-situ field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the characteristics of splash erosion, and the distribution of soil water stable aggregates in the process of splash erosion. Three rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90 mm/h) of representative erosive rainfall, and two slope gradients (5° and 10°) were set, where all treatments were replicated three times. The soil in this experiment was a Mollisol (USDA System of Soil Taxonomy), with 31.6% sand (> 50 μm), 30.8% silt (50 to 2 μm), and 37.6% clay (< 2 μm). The filed study was conducted in the Hailun Monitoring and Research Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (47°21'16.95″N, 126°49'56.43″E), located at the Hailun city, Heilongjiang Province, the center of the typical Mollisols zone in Northeast China. An up-down ridge system was used, where the ridged interval on the farmland was 70 cm, and the vertical height difference between ridge and furrow was 20 cm. In addition, the splash board was applied to measure splash erosion. The results showed that the total splash erosion increased by 2.5 to 17.9 times, as the rainfall intensity increased from 30 mm/h to 90 mm/h, whereas, the total splash erosion significantly increased by 30.65% to 64.34% (P < 0.05), as the slope gradient increased from 3° to 5°. The relationship between splash erosion with rainfall intensity and slope gradient can be expressed as a power function. Besides, at the rainfall intensities of 30 mm/h and 60mm/h, the splash erosion rate first rapidly decreased, then gradually decreased, and finally reached a steady state. At the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h, the splash erosion rate first rapidly increased to the maximum, then rapidly decreased, and finally reached a steady state. Furthermore, the <1mm soil aggregate was the main fraction of aggregate size that detached by raindrop splash, accounting for 79.01% of total splash erosion. Specifically, the proportion of 0.5-1 mm soil aggregate was the most, accounting for 32.94% of total splash erosion, while, the proportion of 2-5 mm soil aggregate was the least, accounting for 3.36% of total splash erosion. In addition, at the rainfall intensities of 30 mm/h and 60mm/h, the <0.25 mm and <2 mm soil aggregates reached the steady state at the end of rainfall, respectively. The proportion of micro aggregates first rapidly increased, then slowly increased, and finally reached a relatively stable stage. At the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h, the 1-5 mm and <0.25 mm soil aggregates showed a linear trend, whereas, the proportion of micro aggregates showed a decrease trend. This study can provide a sound scientific basis to control water erosion in the typical black soil region of Northeast China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Erosion - Farms - Rain - Soil moisture - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil region of northeast chinas - Chinese Academy of Sciences - Effects of rainfalls - Hillslope erosion - Rainfall intensity - Simulated rainfall - Soil and water conservation - Soil water-stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.08e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+01%, Percentage 3.29e+01%, Percentage 3.36e+00%, Percentage 3.76e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-06m, Size 5.00e-04m to 1.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-05m to 2.00e-06m, Size 5.00e-05m, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20204409408331
Title:Workspace analysis and experiments of orchard platform based on D-H method
Title of translation:基于D-H法的果园作业平台工作空间分析与试验
Authors:Li, Zhao (1, 2); Fan, Guiju (1, 3); Liang, Zhao (1, 2); Niu, Chengqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Guiju(fanguiju2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:25-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, due to the transfer of rural labor and the increase of labor cost, there have be more and more researches and applications on the orchard platform which was used for assisting artificial works. The workspace is an important index to measure the organic integration of orchard platform and orchard planting mode. The researcher about kinematics and workspace analysis of agricultural machinery or agricultural robots was few. The values of the samples with the traditional Monte Carlo method are evenly distributed. In the course of the mapping process, the non-linear equation 'stretches' or 'compresses' the uniformly distributed intervals, which results in uneven distribution of the boundary position of platform reference point. The sparse point cloud and large 'noise' makes the workspace boundary inaccurate and thereby affects the optimization of mechanical parameters of orchard platform and other follow-up researches. In order to improve the utilization rate of orchard platform's workspace and make the operators more comfort, a kinematic model of orchard platform based on the D-H method was established to deduce the positive solution of the platform reference point kinematics of orchard platform and analyze the workspace. In view of the problems, such as workspace boundary fuzziness of orchard platform and point waste etc, an improved Monte Carlo method in which the domain of definition was of the U-shaped arcsine distribution was proposed, and a gridding algorithm was used to analyze the workspace generated by the ones before and after improved, then a cuboid was constructed which was divided into several subspaces along the direction of axis Z-Y-X contained all simulation points. The boundary definition therein was obviously improved, the number of boundary distribution points of workspace was increased by 23.74 %, and the area of the bottom and the top boundary layer was increased by 180.70 % and 102.69 % respectively. By taking the mean value of the workspace generated multiple times as the reachable workspace of orchard platform, the spatial difference coefficients in three directions were reduced 6.92 %, 8.99 % and 2.64 % respectively compareed with those before improved, which indicated that the workspace after improved was closer to the ideal workspace. Through the platform reference point position tracking test, the measured value of platform reference point basically agreed with the calculated value. When Z was 1 314.4 mm, the maximum difference of Y direction was 1.2 mm; when Y was 763.6 mm, the maximum difference of Z direction was 6.2 mm. The results showed that the kinematic model and the solution method were correct. On the actual workspace test of platform reference point, there was larger difference between the actual workspace and the ideal workspace of platform reference point, which was maximum in the direction Y and it was 10.27 %, but which between actual workspace and reachable workspace was less and they were respectively 0.27 %, 0.76 % and 0.01 % in three directions, indicating the one of analyzing workspace by improving the Monte Carlo method was effective. The research can provide the theoretical reference for orchard operation platform's structural parameter optimization, smart control and workspace analysis of similar type of agricultural machinery.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Monte Carlo methods
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Boundary layers - Kinematics - Orchards - Structural optimization - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Boundary definition - Boundary distribution - Gridding algorithms - Mechanical parameters - Reachable workspace - Spatial differences - Structural parameter - Workspace boundaries
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.4 Personnel - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-02%, Percentage 1.03e+01%, Percentage 1.03e+02%, Percentage 1.81e+02%, Percentage 2.37e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+00%, Percentage 2.70e-01%, Percentage 6.92e+00%, Percentage 7.60e-01%, Percentage 8.99e+00%, Size 3.14e-01m, Size 6.20e-03m, Size 7.64e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20204409408221
Title:Effects of precipitation on stoichiometry of biological soil crusts in a desert steppe of Northern China
Title of translation:降雨对荒漠草原生物土壤结皮化学计量的影响
Authors:Wu, Xudong (1); Yu, Hongqian (1); Jiang, Qi (1); Wang, Zhanjun (1); He, Jianlong (1); Ji, Bo (1); Xu, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Desertification Control, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan; 750002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:118-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biological soil crusts are fundamental components and surface landscape in arid regions, and biogeochemical process also depends on them. However, biological soil crusts stoichiometry remains largely unknown in the desert region of Northern China. The influences of precipitation on biological soil crusts stoichiometry is also lacking in desert steppe. This paper aims to investigate the effects of precipitation on the stoichiometry of biological soil crusts in desert steppe. This field study was conducted at Dashuikeng Grassland Research Station, Yanchi County (106°58'E, 37°24'N, average elevation, 1 560 m), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. This region covers a large ecosystem of desert steppe that characterized by low rainfall and uneven precipitation, along the southwest edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land. In the study desert steppe area on the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert, the average annual precipitation was only 298.3 mm during the 60 years from 1959 to 2019. The precipitation was regulated by the measurement of artificial rain using rainwater shed and sprinkler irrigation technologies, in order to evaluate precipitation effects on the biological soil crusts in desert steppe compared with natural precipitation. 28 precipitation treatments (6 m×6 m) were set up at the test station in early March 2018, where 3 m wide buffer zone was designed between each time. Control conditions of precipitation were designed via the shelter and sprinkler irrigation system, including 7 precipitation treatments, natural precipitation (CK), drought (1/2 reduction in precipitation, DW1/2 treatment, 1/3 reduction in natural precipitation, DW1/3 treatment, 1/4 reduction in precipitation, DW1/4 treatment), and increasing precipitation (1/2 increase in natural precipitation, IW1/2 treatment, 1/3 increase in natural precipitation, IW1/3 treatment, 1/4 increase in natural precipitation, IW1/4 treatment). Each treatment has 4 spares for the reproductivity. In the same period, small weather stations were set up in the test area. TRIME-PICO TDR Portable Soil Moisture Meter (made in Germany) was used for the data collection of precipitation in the soil water depth of 10 cm. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents of biological soil crusts were measured to examine the C: N: P stoichiometry and its driving factors. Three findings can be achieved: 1) Water-reducing treatment was beneficial to the enrichment of C, N and P in the crust. DW1/4 treatment and natural precipitation treatment posed significant effects on the C content in the crust layer and underlying soil. The water-reducing treatment can reduce the N level of the crust, while increase the N level of the underlying surface. The content of P in the crust layer was the lowest under DW 1/3 treatment, whereas the content of P in the underlying surface reached the peak under DW 1/2 treatment; 2) Natural rainfall and increased precipitation can significantly improve the underlying surface C: N and C: P. There was a reduction of N: P in the crust layer and its underlying surface; 3) Suitable soil moisture conditions promoted the accumulation of SMBC (Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon) and SMBN (Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen) on the crust layer and underlying surface, while excessive rainfall caused the loss of soil nutrients, which was not conducive to the accumulation of SMBC and SMBN. The relatively dry soil environment was conducive to the enrichment of soil carbon and nitrogen in the crust layer, provided more nutrients for soil microbial respiration, and was conducive to the accumulation of SMBC and SMBN. In short, the C: N: P stoichiometry of biological soil crusts and underlying surfaces had different responses to precipitation in the desertification areas of northern China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Carbon - Landforms - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Stoichiometry - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Average annual precipitation - Biogeochemical process - Biological soil crusts - Fundamental component - Precipitation effects - Soil microbial biomass carbons - Soil microbial biomass nitrogens - Soil microbial respiration
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.00e+01yr, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.56e+03m, Size 2.98e-01m, Size 3.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20204409408243
Title:Influences of the ground conveying corridors on the pressure of the wall and corridor in squat silos
Title of translation:地上输料通道对浅圆仓仓壁和通道受力的影响
Authors:Sun, Weiwei (1); Feng, Jun (2); Zhu, Jianping (3); Zhang, Xudong (1); Yi, Jianrong (3); Wang, Lei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210094, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Transient Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210094, China; (3) Sinoma International Engineering Co., Ltd. (Nanjing), Nanjing; 211100, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Jun(jun.feng@njust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:259-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to facilitate later maintenance, the underground conveying corridor is moved up to the inside of the squat silo. This process reform is bound to have an impact on the pressure distribution of the wall and corridor. In this study, the loading and discharge experiments of the reduced-scale silo models with different aspect ratios and eccentricity ratios were carried out. Three kinds of PMMA cylinders with different heights were used to simulate the wall. The outer diameter of the cylinder is 1 000 mm, the wall thickness is 10 mm, and the height is 392 mm, 642 mm, and 892 mm, respectively. Three different lengths of ground conveying corridors are made of 10 mm thick steel plate, which are one main corridor and two secondary corridors. The strip eccentricity of the main corridor is zero, and that of the two secondary corridors is 300 mm. In order to consider the influence of eccentricity ratios, five discharge openings are set on the top wall of the main corridor to simulate central and eccentric discharge. In order to explore the influence of aspect ratios, three silos with different aspect ratios (0.44, 0.69, 0.95) are used. The cylinder and the corridors are placed on the steel support. A total of three main and secondary corridors were placed in the silo model, and the manual loading mode was adopted. All the openings on the top wall of the corridors were blocked first, and then the stored material was loaded from the top of the model. When the stored material in the full state of the model was completely stable, the pressure data were recorded by the test system. The results of the loading tests showed that the lateral pressure at the bottom of the silo wall was affected by the corridors. The lateral pressure of the wall in the corridor height range is significantly smaller than the predicted value of the silo standard. The whole discharge process can be summed up as a process of continuous undercutting of the inverted cone, and the vertex of the inverted cone is always located directly above the discharge opening. The phenomenon that the overpressure coefficient increases with the eccentricity of discharge was not observed. The overpressure coefficients of the wall and corridor were generally small when the aspect ratio was below 0.69, and the overpressure coefficients of the wall and corridor increases rapidly when the aspect ratio was close to 1.0. If the conveying corridor was determined as a deep buried corridor according to the standard GB 50077-2017, the predicted value of corridor pressure was obviously less than the test value. It was more reasonable to calculate the static pressure on the top and side wall of the main and secondary corridors according to the shallow buried formula proposed in this study, in which the storage height should be taken as the actual storage height of the corridor. It is suggested that the coefficient of overpressure on the top and side wall of the corridor should be considered properly in the design of squat silos, which can be 1.2-1.3.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:Aspect ratio - Cylinders (shapes) - Digital storage
Uncontrolled terms:Different heights - Discharge process - Eccentric discharges - Eccentricity ratios - Lateral pressures - Outer diameters - Static pressure - Thick steel plates
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.92e-01m, Size 6.42e-01m, Size 8.92e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20204409408121
Title:Characterization of gelatinization kinetics and particle structure of feed under limited moisture condition
Title of translation:饲料限水糊化动力学及其颗粒结构特性的表征
Authors:Jin, Nan (1); Li, Tengfei (2); Wang, Hongying (1); Fang, Peng (1); Duan, Enze (1); Chen, Jiyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing 3D Printing Research Institute, Beijing City University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:293-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The gelatinization of starch in feedstuffs as a functional property is applied extensively in feed thermal processing, and the moisture, temperature and time are the important technological parameters affecting the gelatinization of feed. In order to explore the gelatinization kinetic parameters and intraparticle structural changes in formula feed during the process of hydrothermal treatment, the heat treatment of formula feed for finishing pigs (moisture-adjusted to 25% and 30%) was carried out at different temperature, i.e. 75, 80, 85, 90 and 95℃, for different heating time, i.e. 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min, respectively, based on the homogeneous plate heating method. The degree of feed gelatinization was quantified by enzymatic method, and polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of samples after heat treatment, such as, gelatinization kinetic parameters, crystallization characteristics, birefringence and micro morphology. The results showed that full gelatinization did not occur even at high enough temperature under limited moisture condition. The maximum gelatinization degree of feed with 25% and 30% moisture were 0.320 6±0.0162 and 0.668 8±0.015 0, respectively. The gelatinization process of feed followed nonlinear first order kinetics model. The gelatinization degree tended to the asymptotic value of terminal extent of gelatinization, when the heat time reached about 3 min. Compared with the gelatinization activation energy of natural starch in the previous study, the gelatinization activation energy of feed with 25% and 30% moisture in this research, 11 356.58 and 52 705.59 J/mol, obtained from regression of Arrhenius formula was relatively low, and it could only be regarded as "incomplete gelatinization activation energy" under limited moisture condition. Granules with different disappearance degree of birefringence coexisted in the same heat-treated sample system, and the birefringence lost from the center of some granules, indicating that the main microcosmic change of samples after heating treatment was preferential destruction of the structure of the amorphous regions in the center of starch granules. The destruction of intraparticle structure led to the collapse of the particle surface and promoted the leaching of amylose in the amorphous regions of starch granules. Due to the formation of the amylose-lipid complexes, the crystalline phases of samples changed from A-type to V-type. The relative crystallinity of the samples decreased firstly, and then decreased again after recovering slightly at characteristic temperature, because the destruction and rearrangement of the crystalline structure occurred simultaneously but in different degrees during the heat treatment of formula feed. Moisture was the first limiting factor of feed gelatinization, and proper increase of moisture was beneficial to improve feed gelatinization degree and pellet forming quality. The gelatinization of feed developed rapidly within 1-2 minutes of heating treatment, and reached an upper limit for the extent of gelatinization about 3 minutes. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid excessive pursuit of multi-level conditioning to prolong the conditioning time, which will lead to the loss of thermosensitive components in feed. The results of the present work may provide fundamental knowledge of interaction and change mechanism of raw materials during feed thermal processing, which has a potential application value in the optimization of feed conditioning and extruding process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Gelation
Controlled terms:Activation energy - After-heat treatment - Birefringence - Chemical contamination - Crystallinity - Cyclodextrins - Granulation - Heating - Kinetic parameters - Mammals - Moisture - Morphology - Nanocrystalline materials - Scanning electron microscopy - Starch - X ray diffraction analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Amylose-lipid complex - Characteristic temperature - Crystalline structure - Hydrothermal treatments - Physical and chemical properties - Relative crystallinity - Technological parameters - Terminal extent of gelatinization
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 761 Nanotechnology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 4.20e+02s, Time 6.00e+01s to 1.20e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20204409408116
Title:Farmland consolidation potential evaluation and consolidation zoning in mining areas
Title of translation:矿区耕地整治潜力评价与整治分区
Authors:Zhang, Xinxin (1); Tian, Huiwen (2); Bi, Rutian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Rutian(brt@sxau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:249-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mining area generally refers to the land within 1 km of the mining sites or operations. In mining area, the utilization of farmland resources was confined, due to a complex geographical region, the natural conditions of terrain fluctuation, and landform fragmentation. Furthermore, high-intensity coal mining in a long term and large scale has led to the land degradation and ecological environment deterioration. In order to seek the sustainable utilization of farmland in mining area, it is particularly important to rationally evaluate the potential of farmland consolidation, and to strengthen the intensity of farmland consolidation. The land consolidation aims to realize the development of mineral resources, protection of land resources, and the construction of ecological civilization. Therefore, it is necessary to change from the traditional practice of consolidation and restoration centering on a single element, to the comprehensive land consolidation according to the actual problems, such as inefficient utilization of land resources, fragile ecology, and land damage. In mining area, it is urgent to evaluate the potential of land consolidation, and thereby to make zoning plan, with emphasis on the farmland. Previously, most studies focused on single consolidation type in the evaluation of farmland consolidation potential. A comprehensive evaluation is lacking, together with the multi-dimensional and comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, K-means clustering, system clustering, and weighted summation model were commonly used in consolidation zoning. However, these methods can only determine the spatial clustering characteristics of farmland, and fail to identify that of attributes. In this study, taking the Changhe Basin as an example, an index system was established for consolidation potential of farmland in mining area from three aspects, including the inefficient utilization of farmland, ecological fragile, and land damage. According to subentry measure, an improved model was proposed to estimate the consolidation potential of farmland, combining with the terrain and socio-economic factors. A self-organization dual clustering and DB index were used to determine the consolidation division and strategies. The results showed that: 1) There were significantly spatial differences in the inefficient utilization, ecological fragile, land damage, and consolidation potential of farmland in the Changhe Basin. 2) Six divisions can be divided, including the improvement area of healthy utilization, readjustment area of farmland resource, key ecological restoration area, reclamation area of damaged land, optimization area of land management, and comprehensive land consolidation area. Against the background of ecological civilization construction, there were significant differences in the main direction of farmland consolidation among various zones. Therefore, the consolidation strategies of differentiated farmland can be recommended to integrate land consolidation, ecological restoration, and land reclamation. 3) There was a relatively high spatial connectedness of farmland consolidation area, based on the self-organization dual clustering, indicating a benefit to the whole domain coverage of farmland consolidation. The finding can provide an insightful reference for the evaluation of consolidation potential in similar farmland, and thereby to offer a scientific guidance for the planning of land consolidation and engineering measurement in intelligent agriculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Coal industry - Deterioration - Ecology - Farms - K-means clustering - Land use - Mineral resources - Restoration - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Engineering measurements - Farmland consolidations - Potential evaluation - Socio-economic factor - Sustainable utilization
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20204409408127
Title:Data fusion method for water quality monitoring using WSN based on improved support function
Title of translation:改进型支持度函数的WSN水质监测数据融合方法
Authors:Kuang, Liang (1, 2); Shi, Pei (3, 4); Ji, Yunfeng (1); Ping, Zhenyu (1); Chen, Beijing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of IoT Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational College of Information Technology, Wuxi; 214153, China; (2) School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science& Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (3) Tilapia Industrial Research Center of China Agricultural Research System, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi; 214081, China; (4) School of IoT Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:192-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wireless sensor network has been widely used in various types of industries, such as water quality detection. Due to all kinds of device faults and transmission faults, there are some outliers during water quality monitoring. In a large monitoring area, the difference between monitoring parameter values exists due to uneven distribution. The monitoring data in a single location is unsuitable to represent the real situation of the whole monitoring area. The data fusion method is used to fuse data in multiple locations. Traditional methods in water quality data fusion have problems of low accuracy and efficiency for limited to poor generalization and complex calculations. In response to requirements of high-precision for sensor data in water quality detection, a novel data fusion method based on a new support function IDTW-SF (Improved Dynamic Time Warping Distance Optimized Support Function) was proposed in this study. Based on the importance of dissolved oxygen in various water quality parameters, it was used as an example to study this research in this study. The purpose of data fusion was for correcting outliers to obtain high-quality data. Firstly, the consistency detection of sensor data improved the quality of the fusion data. With high computing complexity, the traditional Gaussian support function was a defective method in data fusion. The dissolved oxygen content was used for example to study the new data fusion method. An improved dynamic time warping distance IDTW (Improved Dynamic Time Warping Distance) was used to optimize a new support function SF (Support Function), thus calculated the support degree value between water quality time series data. Unlike the Gaussian support function, the SF function obtained mutual support degree of sensors without the exponent calculation. The weighted algorithm was used to complete the data fusion process. Based on Grey correlation analysis, the IDTW-SF combined the dynamic time warping distance. time segment strategy and Mahalanobis distance together. DTW algorithm was applied to replace the Euclidean distance and compute the distance between time series. Time series segmentation strategy was utilized to reduce the computation dimension of the DTW algorithm. To prove the validity of this fusion algorithm, various experiments were carried out on a water quality monitoring platform of aquaculture pond from May 24<sup>th</sup>, 2017 to May 29<sup>th</sup>, 2017 in the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Jiangsu Province. Different distance measures were applied to optimized the SF function and construct new support functions, such as Cos-SF (Cosine angle optimized SF) and DTW-SF. Meanwhile, existed support functions were realized in this study, such as the G function (Gaussian function). These functions were all used as a comparison. The experimental results showed that the mean absolute error value of the proposed fusion method was 0.279 2%. Compared with DTW-SF, Cos-SF, and SF, the mean absolute error value was reduced by 6.308 7%, 54.214 5%, and 16.306 9%, respectively. And the fusion effect of dissolved oxygen was improved obviously. The run time of the IDTW-SF was just 0.021 7 s. The fusion accuracy of the IDTW-SF support degree function was higher than the counterpart existed functions, and its efficiency was also high. Meanwhile, the residual value of IDTW-SF also had a distinct advantage over the other contrast functions. It was obvious that the combination of the IDTW algorithm and the SF method was reasonable and effective. To summarize, the proposed fusion algorithm in this study fully obtained the correlation of monitoring data and overcame shortcomings of traditional function, thus improved the accuracy and efficiency of fusion results. High fusion accuracy could meet the needs of water quality monitoring in the real world.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Sensor data fusion
Controlled terms:Biochemical oxygen demand - Complex networks - Dissolution - Dissolved oxygen - Efficiency - Gaussian distribution - Monitoring - Time series - Water quality - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved oxygen contents - Dynamic time warping distance - Grey correlation analysis - Mahalanobis distances - Monitoring parameters - Time-series segmentation - Water quality monitoring - Water quality parameters
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20204409408227
Title:Experimental study on optimization of directional regulation process on straw biochar
Title of translation:秸秆炭定向调控工艺优化试验
Authors:Wang, Guan (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (2); Meng, Haibo (2); Xu, Yang (1); Cong, Hongbin (2); Zhang, Ying (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineer, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(menghb7029@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is rich in crop straw resources, but straw burning is serious and resource utilization is not high. To solved the ecological pollution and resource waste caused by straw burning, and let straw carbonization equipment market promotion. The orthogonal experiment of carbonization process was designed according to the literature and the results of preliminary experiment. The straw biochar produced by process test was analyzed. The thermal characteristic parameters and combustion characteristic parameters were calculated. Straw biochar yield, fuel ratio, hydrocarbon atomic ratio, alkalinity index, high calorific value and dimensionless comprehensive combustion index Z were used as quality evaluation indexes for high quality straw biochar. Grey correlation analysis method and comprehensive quality score method were used to analyze the evaluation indexes and influencing factors, and the response surface method designed by CCD experiment was used to optimize the production process of straw biochar directional regulation. The experiment provides a theoretical basis for improving the energy utilization rate of straw and provides a large number of data support for the popularization and application of continuous straw carbonization equipment. The results showed that temperature was the primary factor affecting the quality of straw biochar. The five evaluation indexes of straw biochar quality except the yield of straw biochar were ranked as follows: Z > H/C >FR >AI >HHV, the quality of straw biochar produced by the equipment is stable and close to the burning quality of bituminous coal. In the orthogonal experiment, the experiment in group 16 and group 12 obtained a higher comprehensive score, and the optimal process parameter combination was A<inf>3</inf>B<inf>4</inf>C<inf>1</inf>. CCD test results after response surface optimization, in the balance of the two response values to meet the maximum, the predicted optimal process parameters are: cut after the corn straw, after 600℃ thermal carbonization for 50 min, the production of straw biochar output is 53.05%, its combustion index Z is 0.726 6. The empirical test showed that the difference between the experimental value and the predicted value was less than 0.2%, the fitting model and the response surface optimization method were accurate and feasible, and the combustion quality of straw biochar produced by the optimal carbonization process was greatly improved. The C content and H/C of straw biochar produced under the best technological conditions are increased by nearly 2 times, which is closed to the combustion quality of bituminous coal and anthracite, and far better than the barbecue biochar purchased in the market. Through the carbonization process in this study, the utilization quality of straw biochar can be controlled directionally, forming a reproducible and generalized quasi-directional regulation method of high quality fuelized straw biochar. The analysis methods greatly reduce the experiment times, choose the appropriate fuel straw biochar quality evaluation index, and on the premise of saving the cost of raw materials and energy, quick understanding of high quality energy straw biochar production process parameters, facilitate continuous piecewise uniform crop straw carbonization market-oriented all-round production system of rapid popularization and application.In addition, the experimental design and data analysis method in this paper can also provide data support for the production of straw carbonization process using straw as raw material for adsorption and fertilizer carbon.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Anthracite - Bituminous coal - Carbonization - Coal combustion - Commerce - Crops - Design of experiments - Energy utilization - Surface properties - Surface testing - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion characteristics - Comprehensive qualities - Grey correlation analysis methods - Quality evaluation indices - Response surface method - Response surface optimization - Technological conditions - Thermal characteristics
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Time 3.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20204409408320
Title:Distribution characteristics of effective medium and micronutrient element contents in paddy soils of China
Title of translation:中国稻田土壤有效态中量和微量元素含量分布特征
Authors:Zhang, Lu (1, 2); Cai, Zejiang (1, 2); Wang, Huiying (3); Yu, Zikun (3); Han, Tianfu (1); Liu, Kailou (1, 4); Liu, Lisheng (1, 2); Huang, Jing (1, 2); Wen, Shilin (1, 2); Zhang, Huimin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Observation and Research Station of Farmland Ecosystem in Qiyang, Hengyang; 426182, China; (3) Center of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Protection, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (4) Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Nanchang; 330046, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Huimin(zhanghuimin@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:62-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial variability and the degree of abundance and deficiency of medium and micronutrient element contents in typical paddy soils of China, and to develop the best fertilization management for improving rice yields. Based on 289 monitoring points of paddy soils distributed across the northeast, Yangtze River delta, the middle of the Yangtze River, the southwest and south of China, soil samples collected in 2016 were determined for the contents of available medium and micronutrient elements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum) in paddy soils. The spatial variability of these elements across the five regions was assessed. Combined with the critical values for limiting rice growth due to deficiency of available medium and micronutrient elements, the abundance and deficiency degree of available medium and micronutrient elements in the paddy soils were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of exchangeable magnesium and available boron in the northeast of China were much higher than those in the other regions, while the contents of available zinc in paddy soils were the lowest among the five regions. The highest average content of available manganese and the lowest average content of available sulfur in the paddy soils were both found in Yangtze River delta. The highest average content of available copper but the lowest average content of available iron, manganese and molybdenum among paddy soils was observed in middle of the Yangtze River. As compared with the other areas, the exchangeable calcium content of the paddy soils in the southwest of China was significantly higher (P<0.05), while the available copper content was significantly lower (P<0.05). Compared with the other areas, the contents of available iron and molybdenum in the south of China were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the contents of exchangeable calcium and magnesium were significantly lower (P<0.05). Critical values for evaluation of these elements were summarized based on practices and previous studies. The critical values for exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and available sulfur were 400, 50 and 16 mg/kg, respectively. The critical values for available iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron and molybdenum were 4.5, 10, 2, 1.5, 0.5 and 0.15 mg/kg, respectively. The soils would be lack of the corresponding element if the contents of these elements were below the critical values and thereby the rice growth may be limited. Based on the critical values, the exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents in paddy soils of the five regions were rich in China. The contents of available sulfur in paddy soils were abundance for rice growth in the northeast, the middle of the Yangtze River, and the southwest of China, while 42.2% and 41.8% of monitoring points in Yangtze River delta and south of China were lack of available sulfur. The contents of available iron, manganese and copper were abundance in all the paddy soils. The proportions of monitoring points with lower contents of available zinc than its critical value were 75.0%, 52.3%, 31.9%, 53.2% and 10.4% in the northeast, Yangtze river delta, the middle of the Yangtze River, the southwest, and south of China, respectively. The proportions of monitoring points with lower contents of available boron than its critical value were 38.5%, 65.2%, 92.2%, 88.6% and 78.3% in the northeast, Yangtze river delta, the middle of the Yangtze River, the southwest, and south of China, respectively. The proportions of monitoring points with lower contents of available molybdenum than its critical value were 28.6%, 60.4%, 82.6%, 42.0% and 33.4% in the northeast, Yangtze river delta, the middle of the Yangtze River, the southwest, and south of China, respectively. It indicated that the contents of calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and copper in the paddy soils of typical areas in China were abundance for rice growth. Sulfur fertilizer was needed in some areas of Yangtze River delta and southwest of China. The available zinc, boron and molybdenum in most of paddy soils were deficiency, and additional micronutrient element fertilizers were needed for rice growth, especially for zinc in the northeast, zinc, boron and molybdenum in Yangtze River delta, boron and molybdenum in middle of the Yangtze River, boron in southwest, and boron in south of China. And the medium and micronutrient element fertilizers should be included as part of fertilization management in practice for improving rice yields.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Boron - Calcium - Copper - Fertilizers - Iron - Magnesium - Manganese - Molybdenum - Nutrients - Rivers - Sulfur - Trace elements - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Calcium and magnesiums - Distribution characteristics - Effective medium - Element contents - Monitoring points - Spatial variability - Sulfur fertilizers - Yangtze river delta
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 543.3 Molybdenum and Alloys - 544.1 Copper - 545.1 Iron - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.34e+01%, Percentage 3.85e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 4.22e+01%, Percentage 5.23e+01%, Percentage 5.32e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+01%, Percentage 6.52e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.83e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20204409408204
Title:Improvement of comprehensive meteorological drought index and its applicability analysis
Title of translation:综合气象干旱指数改进及其适用性分析
Authors:Chen, Jianing (1); Sun, Huaiwei (1); Wang, Jianpeng (2); Liao, Weihong (3); Chen, Haorui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydropower and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan; 430064, China; (3) Department of Irrigation and Drainage China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Huaiwei(huaiweisun@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:71-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drought is one of the frequent and destructive natural disasters around the world. Drought index can be used to represent the dry and wet condition of the land surface, further to serve as a sound basis for drought monitoring, assessment, and early warning in the subsequent drought research. Therefore, it is of great significance to select the appropriate indicators, in order to understand the real drought scenario, and thereby to predict the trend of drought. Generally, a comparative analysis of several indicators was also made to accurately monitor the regional drought. In this study, a comprehensive meteorological drought index (CI) was modified to make it more suitable for the accurate monitoring the drought. This field study was taken Hubei Province, China, as a typical research area. The reason is that most droughts often occur in various regions and seasons for Hubei Province, located in the central part of China, particularly belonging to a subtropical monsoon climate zone, with the uneven distribution of precipitation during the year, while the large inter-annual variability. The data captured from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset from 1982-2015, as well as the drought data of Hubei in recent years. Various methods, including the runs theory, correlation analysis and Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend test, were used to compare the accuracy of several common drought indicators, and the evolvement of drought. In the research on the applicability of drought indexes, the results demonstrated that: (1) The improved comprehensive drought index (CIn) can identify the major droughts in this area as a useful indicator. Among 15 major droughts, 13 of them can be identified when taking that indicator into consideration. (2) Compared with CI, the CIn index was calculated using the monthly data of precipitation and evaporation, indicating the index changed more steadily with a better correlation with long-term SPEI. The determinant coefficient of CIn and SPEI6 reached 0.45, while that of CI and SPEI6 was only 0.19. (3) Compared with CI index and two SPEI indexes with different time scales, two degrees of drought area that obtained by CIn have the best correlation with the drought area in the statistical data, where the correlation coefficients with the drought-affected area and drought-disaster area were 0.69 and 0.67, respectively. However, none of the other drought indices exceeded 0.65. (4) The spatial distribution of drought duration (DD) and drought severity (DS) obtained by CIn and the runs theory were also consistent with the previous studies. However, the drought duration and severity distribution based on SPEI1 and SPEI6 were not consistent with the actual situation. According to the analysis of temporal and spatial evolution trend of drought, the drought area in Hubei province was slightly increasing, where the drought trend was obvious in northern, northwest, and southwest Hubei, together with the Jianghan Plain, showing a significance level of 0.05. In the M-K test, the changed area proportions of significant drought trend were 40.19% and 53.99% in the CIn and SPEI6, much higher than 26.40% and 18.93% of CI and SPEI1, indicating that the CIn and SPEI6 were more sensitive to the long-term change of climate. Therefore, the appropriate drought monitoring indicators can be selected, and thereby to be considered in trend analysis. This finding can offer a significant reference for the selection of meteorological drought index, and further for the effective implementation of regional meteorological drought monitoring.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Climate change - Disasters
Uncontrolled terms:Applicability analysis - Correlation coefficient - Dry and wet conditions - Interannual variability - Meteorological drought - Meteorological forcing - Subtropical monsoon climate - Temporal and spatial evolutions
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 4.02e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20204409408168
Title:Multi-objective parameters optimization and experiments of six-blade differential pump driven by non-circular gear with free pitch curve
Title of translation:自由节曲线非圆齿轮驱动六叶片差速泵多目标参数优化及试验
Authors:Xu, Gaohuan (1, 2, 3); Sun, Peifeng (1); Xie, Rongsheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Advanced Hydraulic Equipment, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Technology in Rural Water Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:17-24
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to further optimize the performance of the differential pump, a multi-objective parameter optimization model was proposed for the six-blade differential pump driven by the non-circular gear with free pitch curve which had the flexible local adjustment ability. Based on the best 1: 3 order Fourier pitch curves driving the six-blade differential pump, the control vertex of the B-spline curve was designed. Three calculation models and coefficients of displacement, pulsation rate and maximum modulus without undercutting of differential pump were established. The evaluation function of comprehensive performance of differential pump was constructed by geometric average. The multi-objective optimization software was designed according to the efficiency coefficient method and the improved genetic algorithm. The Pareto solution of the free pitch curve was obtained by using the software. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of the differential pump was significantly improved after the multi-objective optimization. The displacement was increased by 2.4%, and the pulsation rate of the single pump was reduced 10.6% and the maximum modulus without undercutting increased by 30.0%. The optimization results preliminarily showed that the local optimization of free pitch curve was helpful to improve the comprehensive performance of differential pump. In order to verify the calculation results and carry out the investigation on before and after the optimization of the free pitch curve, the motor power of the differential pump test bed is 5 kW, the speed of the input shaft is 300 r/min, because the order ratio of the driving and driven gears is 1: 3, the average speed of the impeller is 100 r/min, and the cycle time of one revolution is 0.6 s. Due to the high frequency characteristics of pump source pulsation, at present, it is mainly based on the transient pressure sensor to measure and calculate the pulsation rate. The Aier AE-H high frequency pressure sensor was selected. The power supply is 24 V, the measuring range is 0-1 MPa, the measurement accuracy is ± 0.5%FS, and the signal voltage output is 0-10 V. The data acquisition device uses Altay's acquisition card and acquisition software. Refer to the input shaft speed range, and according to the sampling theorem, the sampling frequency of the acquisition card is 2 kHz. After optimization, the difference of pressure curve before and after optimization was obvious, and the peak width of pressure wave increases at the outlet of differential pump. The displacement per minute of the six-blade differential pump was increased by 3.3%, which can increase the effective volume cavity of the differential pump. According to the national standard series of modulus, the actual tooth profile modulus of the optimized non-circular gear was 2.5 mm, increased by 25.0%. According to the relevant theory of gear transmission, the increase of modulus can significantly improve the bearing capacity of the non-circular gear. The pulsation rate of differential pump was reduced by 3.1%, the impact of fluid was weakened, the leakage of pump clearance was reduced, and the volume efficiency was improved. It indicates that the comprehensive performance of six blade differential pump driven by free pitch curve non-circular gear can be effectively improved by multi-objective parameter optimization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Curve fitting
Controlled terms:Data acquisition - Efficiency - Genetic algorithms - Multiobjective optimization - Pressure sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive performance - Data-acquisition devices - Efficiency coefficient methods - High frequency characteristics - Measurement accuracy - Multi-objective parameter optimizations - Sampling frequencies - Transient pressures
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+03Hz, Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00%, Percentage 3.30e+00%, Power 5.00e+03W, Pressure 0.00e+00Pa to 1.00e+06Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM, Size 2.50e-03m, Time 6.00e-01s, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 1.00e+01V, Voltage 2.40e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20204409408193
Title:Analysis of tea quality and assessment of heavy metal content status in tea plantations of southern Shaanxi Province, China
Title of translation:陕南茶园茶叶品质分析及重金属含量现状评估
Authors:Zhao, Zuoping (1, 2); Fu, Jing (1, 2); Yue, Siyu (1, 2); Wang, Meng (1, 2); Wang, Qi (1, 2); Liu, Zhifeng (1, 2); Tang, Bo (1, 2); Tong, Yan'an (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemical and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong; 723001, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, Hanzhong; 723001, China; (3) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Tong, Yan'an(tongyanan@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:201-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils tends to increase crop uptake of heavy metals, and can adversely impact human health through food chains. In this study, we assessed the tea quality, heavy metal status, and the potential ecological risk of tea plantation soils and leaves in Hanzhong city, southern Shaanxi province, China. A total of 330 topsoil samples and 33 leaves samples were collected to analyze the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg, As, and Cd) and the pH level. Also, the tea quality and the content of heavy metals in tea leaves and leachate in 33 leaves samples were determined and analyzed. Results showed that the contents of tea polyphenols ranged from 22.23% to 27.55%, and the mean content of polyphenols was 25.58%. The contents of catechins ranged from 18.48% to 22.37%, the mean content of catechins was 20.74%. The contents of free amino acids ranged from 3.37% to 6.42%, and the mean amount of free amino acids was 4.86%. The contents of theanine ranged from 1.70% to 3.18%, and the mean content of theanine was 2.45%. The contents of heavy metals in tea leaves ranged from 0.02 mg/kg to 0.19 mg/kg for Cd, 3.18 mg/kg to 20.16 mg/kg for Cu, 0.04 mg/kg to 2.65 mg/kg for Pb, 0.09 mg/kg to 4.89 mg/kg for Cr, 0.02 mg/kg to 0.30 mg/kg for Hg, 0.66 mg/kg to 1.16 mg/kg for As, 34.82 mg/kg to 55.38 mg/kg for Zn. The heavy metals in tea leave samples almost conform to the relevant standards of pollution-free food tea except that the content of Hg in one sample exceeded the relevant standards of pollution-free food tea of 1.66%. The content of Cu was conformed to the relevant standards of organic tea. Among the contents of seven heavy metals, only Zn, Cu, and Cr were detected in the leaching solution, and the average leaching rates were 32.65%, 24.96%, and 10.50%, respectively. The soil analysis showed that the contents of heavy metals in soils ranged 0.03-0.32 mg/kg for Cd, 7.48-29.03 mg/kg for Cu, 2.45-29.16 mg/kg for Pb, 0.83 -27.76 mg/kg for Cr, 0.08-0.38 mg/kg for Hg, 2.31-13.97 mg/kg for As, 25.73-146.94 mg/kg for Zn. The averaged contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg, As, and Zn were 0.11, 16.42, 10.03, 12.38, 0.20, 6.89, and 87.61 mg/kg, respectively. The coefficient of variation of the different elements ranged from 29.16% to 52.24% and was 49.30% for Cd and 48.55% for Hg. In 5.76% of the samples, Cd concentrations exceeded the risk screening value of the environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk control standard (GB 15618-2018). The average single pollution index of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Hg, As, and Cd were 2.32, 0.83, 4.26, 0.41, 44.46, 9.37, and 33.89, only the average single pollution index of Hg was over 40. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index ranged from 23.58 to 226.90, and the average potential ecological risk index was 95.4, the total samples at a low level of potential ecological risk. Thus, the tea plantations were in a low potential ecological risk level and good quality of tea leaves for 33 samples.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Amino acids - Chemical contamination - Flavonoids - Heavy metals - Leaching - Metal analysis - Phenols - Quality control - Risk assessment - Screening - Soil pollution control - Soils - Tea
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Cd concentrations - Coefficient of variation - Environmental quality - Heavy metal contents - Heavy metals in soil - Leaching solution - Potential ecological risk
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.05e+01%, Percentage 1.66e+00%, Percentage 1.70e+00% to 3.18e+00%, Percentage 1.85e+01% to 2.24e+01%, Percentage 2.07e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01% to 2.76e+01%, Percentage 2.45e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 2.92e+01% to 5.22e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01%, Percentage 3.37e+00% to 6.42e+00%, Percentage 4.85e+01%, Percentage 4.86e+00%, Percentage 4.93e+01%, Percentage 5.76e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20204409408297
Title:Detection of tomato ring spot virus based on microfluidic impedance sensor
Title of translation:基于微流控阻抗传感器检测番茄环斑病毒
Authors:Li, Chen (1); Xu, Qingduo (1); Bian, Yong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing; 100026, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:142-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Risk of virus propagation is constantly rising in recent years, as the great development of increasing international trade and cross-border electronic commerce service around the world. Therefore, it is necessary for national customs and other health institutes to find an effective way to detect viruses quickly and accurately. In this study, a microfluidic impedance sensor embedded with gold interdigitated array microelectrodes was designed to rapidly detect tomato ring spot virus (ToRSV). The antibodies of ToRSV were fixed on the surface of gold interdigitated array microelectrodes, in order to immunologically bind to the viruses, and thus to trigger the changes in the impedance value. After that, an electrochemical impedance spectrum was measured, while an equivalent circuit was established according to the measurement. Specific electrochemistry tests were carried out to study the influence of each component on the variation of impedance, and thereby to analyze the mechanism of impedance change. An obtained fitting line was formed to verify the correctness of the equivalent circuit. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit analysis showed that the combination of ToRSV and the antibodies can cause a significant increase in the solution resistance R<inf>s</inf>, the electron transfer resistance R<inf>et</inf>, whereas, a relatively decrease in the capacitance of electric double layer C<inf>dl</inf>. It infers that the impedance has a rising trend during the experiment. As such, a simplified formula was established based on the equivalent circuit analysis, showing the relationship between the value of impedance Z and the values of these circuit components. Specifically, there are critical parameters to the circuit in low-frequency area, including the solution resistance, R<inf>s</inf>, the electron transfer resistance, R<inf>et</inf>, and the decrease in the electric double layer capacitance C<inf>dl</inf>. In contrast, in high-frequency area, the solution dielectric capacitor C<inf>di</inf> played a main role in the circuit. Therefore, a proper detecting frequency is necessary to make the obvious impedance response in the certain circuit system. In order to improve the accuracy of detecting system, the samples of the ToRSV in different concentrations were tested three times for the reproducibility, and then to calculate the average values and standard errors for the accurate evaluation of the optimal detecting frequency, indicating the optimum value of 10.7 Hz. Under this detecting frequency, a quantitative linear relationship between ToRSV concentration and impedance was established via different experimental evaluation. The results showed that the ToRSV concentration in the range of 0.001~10 μg/mL can have a good linear relationship with the impedance value, where the corresponding impedance values were in the range of 248.8~687.2 kΩ. The R<sup>2</sup> values was 0.98, while the detection limit was 0.0034 μg/mL, of which the corresponding impedance value was 307.05 kΩ. The effects of different methods to detect ToRSV, such as nano fluorescent particle test strip, real-time fluorescent PCR, HC-RT-PCR-ELISA, and SN-RT-PCR, were then compared with that of the microfluidic impedance sensor. The comparison demonstrated that the microfluidic impedance sensor can serve as an effective and convenient tool to detect ToRSV. In addition, the southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were employed as untargeted viruses, to verify the specificity of this detecting system to ToRSV. The samples were separately tested in three times, particularly from the SBMV, ArMV, TRSV, and the mixed solution of all four viruses with the concentration of 10 μg/mL. The impedance values of these single-virus samples barely changed, while, that of the mixed solution changed obviously, indicating that the variation was nearly as the same as that of the ToRSV sample. It infers that the detecting system can accurately detect the ToRSV. The detecting system of microfluidic impedance sensor has demonstrated the serval advantages, such as high detection sensitivity, good specificity, effectiveness, and convenience. Thus, the proposed detecting method can provide a sound specific reference for the identification of various virus from other plants.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Equivalent circuits
Controlled terms:Antibodies - Capacitance - Electric network analysis - Electrochemical electrodes - Electrochemistry - Electron transitions - Electron transport properties - Fluorescence - Fruits - Gold - International trade - Microelectrodes - Microfluidics - Viruses
Uncontrolled terms:Cross-border electronic commerces - Electric double layer capacitance - Electrochemical impedance spectra - Electrochemistry tests - Electron-transfer resistance - Experimental evaluation - Interdigitated arrays - Real-time fluorescent
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 461.9.1 Immunology - 547.1 Precious Metals - 632.5.1 Microfluidics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4.1 Electrochemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Resistance 2.49e+05Ohms to 6.87e+05Ohms, Electrical_Resistance 3.07e+05Ohms, Frequency 1.07e+01Hz, Mass_Density 1.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-06kg/m3 to 1.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.40e-06kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20204409408294
Title:Research advance in straw bale combustion and emission characteristics
Title of translation:秸秆捆烧技术及其排放特性研究进展
Authors:Jia, Jixiu (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Huo, Lili (1); Deng, Yun (1); Yang, Wuying (2); Liu, Guanghua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Tieling Zhongyuan Environmental Protection & Equipment Co., Ltd, Shenyang; 112000, China; (3) Chendge Bente Ecology & Energy Technology Co. Ltd, Chengde; 067000, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Zonglu(yaozonglu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:222-230
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Technology of straw bale combustion is one of the effective ways to realize the clean utilization of agricultural residue, which has caused widespread concern. In this paper, the latest research progress of straw bale combustion was reviewed, the reaction principle and combustion characteristics of straw bale combustion were described, the generation and emission of particulate matter in the process of straw bale combustion were analyzed, such as NO<inf>x</inf>, CO and particle. And the research of straw bale combustion types, principles and characteristics were systematically summarized. Researchs showed that the combustion process of straw bale is mainly divided into two stages: volatile combustion and straw charcoal combustion. The heat released by volatile combustion accounted for more than 67% of the heat in the whole combustion process, which affected the combustion state of the whole straw bale.According to the technical characteristics and heating scale, we divided straw bale combustion into two types, one was continuous bale combustion, which can realize continuous feeding and ash cleaning in the combustion process, maintain a stable combustion state in the combustion chamber, and was suitable for the central heating area with large heating area, that mainly included cigar-bale combustion and reciprocating grate combustion. The other was batch combustion technology, which had advantages in small floor area, simple and convenient operation, usually used for small heating mechanism, and it included forward combustion technology and reverse combustion technology. Based on the global literature search, the research hotspot, institutions and development trend of straw bale combustion were analyzed. The running cost of straw baled heating was evaluated. It was found that the straw bale combustion has the characteristics of simple heating process and low operation cost. The operation cost was 19.8 yuan/m<sup>2</sup>, which was suitable for the industrialization promotion of clean heating in villages and towns. In addition, straw baled heating instead of coal heating can reduce the emission of SO<inf>2</inf> by 0.38 kg per square meter and the emission of CO<inf>2</inf> by 1.54 kg per year, which has a better benefit of environmental protection. In terms of technology popularization, the industrial system of straw bale combustion in developed countries in Europe is relatively mature, by contrast, the industrial system of straw bale combustion in China is still in the early stage, there are also some large-scale straw bale combustion projects in Liaoning province, Heilongjiang province, Hebei province and other areas, which have achieved good results. Straw bale combustion technology had gradually attracted the attention of scientific researchers. Developed countries in Europe had made some progress in the field of straw bale combustion, such as combustion mechanism, boiler structure, reduction of flue gas emission, etc. And at present, the research of combustion technology focuse on flue gas emission reduction and environmental impact assessment. The existing straw bale combustion technology still has some problems, such as insufficient combustion, unclear generation mechanism of flue gas pollutants, higher NO<inf>x</inf> and particle emission. It is suggested that we should pay more attention on research of characteristics of pollutant emission, and it is encouraged to reduce the generation of flue gas pollutants from the source.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:60
Main heading:Reverse combustion
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Charcoal - Coal combustion - Emission control - Environmental impact assessments - Environmental technology - Flue gases - Flues - Gas emissions - Heating - Nitrogen oxides - Operating costs - Sulfur dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion characteristics - Combustion mechanism - Combustion technology - Developed countries - Emission characteristics - Generation mechanism - Technology popularizations - Volatile combustion
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 524 Solid Fuels - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.1 Cost Accounting
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.54e+00kg, Mass 3.80e-01kg, Percentage 6.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20204409408312
Title:Analysis and experiments of reciprocating cutting parameters for apple tree branches
Title of translation:苹果枝条往复式切割剪枝参数分析与试验
Authors:Kang, Feng (1, 2); Tong, Siyuan (1, 2); Zhang, Hanshi (1, 2); Li, Wenbin (1, 2); Chen, Zhongjia (1, 2); Zheng, Yongjun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Lab of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Wenbin(leewb@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:9-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the continuous expansion of modern orchard planting scale, mechanical pruning is widely used in fruit production, and the basis of pruning equipments development is to determine the cutting performance parameters of branches. In order to explore the shearing mechanical properties of apple branches, find the optimal cutting parameters, and support the development of subsequent pruning equipment, based on a self-made reciprocating branch cutting test bench, the influences of branch diameter, average cutting speed, cutting gap and sliding cutting angle on the peak cutting force of apple branches were explored through single factor experiment. The cutting test bench included a cutting bench, a branch feeding system and a measurement control system. The breed of the branches used in the experiments was Fuji, and the branches were free of disease and insect pests. The branches selected for the tests were straigh, with a diameter range of 8-35 mm, moisture content was from 38.7% to 66.2%. In single factor experiment, the branch diameter was from 10 to 27 mm, the range of average cutting speed was 0.1-0.45 m/s, and 8 levels was set for both factors. The cutting gap ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mm with 6 levels. The sliding cutting angle was 10°, 15° and 20°. Three repetition was conducted at each level. The results demonstrated that the peak cutting force increased linearly with the branch diameter, but decreased when the average cutting speed and sliding cutting angle were increasing. With the enlargement of the cutting gap, the peak cutting force decreased first and then increased. The cutting section became smoother with the increase of the average cutting speed, while the cutting gap had little effects on the quality of the cutting section. Based on the results of single factor experiments, multiple factor experiments were conducted with the average cutting speed, cutting gap and sliding cutting angle as influence factors, and the peak cutting force as the responsive variable. The regression model was established. The optimization analysis results showed that under the test conditions, the optimal cutting parameter combination for apple branches with the average cutting speed of 0.4 m/s, the cutting gap of 1.5 mm, and the sliding cutting angle of 20°, based on this the theoretical peak cutting force was 560.97 N, the deviation between which and the average measured value of the peak cutting force was less than 4%, the optimization model was reliable. This study could provide design data support for the development of apple branch pruning equipment in future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Shearing
Controlled terms:Cutting tools - Fruits - Regression analysis - Speed - Turning
Uncontrolled terms:Cutting parameters - Cutting performance - Measurement control system - Optimal cutting parameters - Optimization analysis - Optimization modeling - Single-factor experiments - Sliding cutting angles
Classification code:603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 604.2 Machining Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Force 5.61e+02N, Percentage 3.87e+01% to 6.62e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m to 2.70e-02m, Size 1.00e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Size 1.50e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m to 3.50e-02m, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s to 4.50e-01m/s, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20204409408181
Title:Simulation of spatiotemporal variation of land use in mountainous-urban fringes based on improved CA-Markov model
Title of translation:基于改进CA-Markov模型的山地城市边缘区土地利用变化模拟
Authors:Wang, Zhaolin (1, 2); Ya, Shengye (1); Pu, Haixia (1); Islam, Mofakkarul (3); Ou, Ling (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (2) Research Center for Economy of Upper Reaches of Yangtse River, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (3) School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trend University, Nottingham; NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:Pu, Haixia(superpu@ctbu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:239-248
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The simulation of land use change in mountainous urban fringes is always a difficult problem. Existing methods, based on the traditional cellular automata (CA)-Markov coupling model, to capture and simulate such changes in this special areas suffer from notable deficiencies. In this paper, we explore, based on a case study of a mountainous urban fringe in Southwestern China, the performance of an improved method that combines the traditional CA-Markov model with multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). We develop an MCE based AHP model fitted by constraining conditions and factors in the study area. The MCE output is then used as the input of the CA-Markov model to simulate land use changes in the study area based on three periods (2006, 2011, and 2016). Meanwhile, the simulated results by the traditional CA-Markov model are also obtained. Both land use simulation results (the simulation images) are then compared against the observed land use in 2016 (the existing image in 2016) to examine the performance of the improved CA-Markov method. The results show that: 1) Establishing the missing link between the MCE process and the conventional CA-Markov model using land use suitability maps can significantly improve the performance of conventional CA-Markov model in mountainous urban fringes. The results from the case study show that the overall 93.15% simulation accuracy is much higher than that of the average 80% accuracy from most traditional CA-Markov models used in other similar areas. 2) The case study further indicates that from 2006 to 2016, the areas of cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, water body, and unused land in study area are decreasing annually. By contrast, the areas of urban land and rural settlement are increasing. The types with the most changes are cultivated land and urban land. This situation indicates that the rapid urbanization in mountainous urban fringe is still a mode of denotation expansion, in which a large amount of agricultural land, especially cultivated land, is occupied by urban construction. 3) The simulation shows that if the current rapid urbanization rate is maintained, then by 2030, the areas of cultivated land, garden, woodland, water body, unused land and rural settlement will be decreased by 6442.46, 923.53, 3239.17, 72.55, 41.26, 352.07 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The increased land types mainly include urban land and grassland. We also argue the implications of the findings and suggest areas of further work.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cellular automata - Image enhancement - Markov processes - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Coupling modeling - Land use suitability - Multi-criteria evaluation - Rapid urbanizations - Simulation accuracy - Simulation images - Spatio-temporal variation - Urban construction
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.32e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.029
Funding details: Number: KJ1600621, Acronym: -, Sponsor: Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission;Number: 14CJY043, Acronym: NSSFC, Sponsor: National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences;
Funding text:Received date: 2020-04-16 Accepted date: 2020-08-12 Foundation item: National Social Science Fund of China (14CJY043); Science and Technology Project of Chongqing Education Commission (KJ1600621). First author: Wang Zhaolin, Ph.D, Professor, mainly focus on land use and land economic. Email：wangzhl@ctbu.edu.cn ※Corresponding author: Pu Haixia, Ph.D, lecture, mainly focus on urban geography. Email：superpu@ctbu.edu.cn
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20204409408194
Title:Effectiveness and efficiency of different global sensitivity analysis methods based on the VIP model
Title of translation:基于VIP模型评估不同全局敏感性分析方法有效性及效率
Authors:He, Lihong (1, 2); Mo, Xingguo (1, 3); Liu, Suxia (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) School of Natural Resources and Environment, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Mo, Xingguo(moxg@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:78-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Global sensitivity analysis generally refers to a sort of numerical approach for the evaluation of the variation in the output of a model, as the input parameter varies. In ecosystem model based on dynamic processes, the parameter verification can be difficult in the model application, due to a complex structure, multiple input parameters, and strong spatial variability. In this case, the parameter sensitivity analysis can effectively identify the factors of main effect, and thereby to improve significantly optimization of parameters and models. Given a fixed value to an insensitive parameter, it is expected to enhance the predict accuracy, while improve computing efficiency of model calibration, verification, and simplification. In this study, a Vegetation Interface Processes (VIP) model was used to simulate the nitrate content of soil in the North China Plain, in order to evaluate the efficiency of different global sensitivity analysis methods in screening sensitive parameters of agro-ecosystem models. Eight sensitivity analysis methods were selected, including six qualitative and two quantitative sensitivity analysis methods, provided by Problem Solving environment for Uncertainty Analysis and Design Exploration (PSUADE). The results show that: 1) The screening information of sensitivity parameter differed greatly in two method of Spearman's correlation coefficient (SPEA) and the Gaussian Process (GP) from others, when verifying the effectiveness of six qualitative sensitivity analysis methods. The SPEA method cannot effectively identify the decomposition rate of microbial pool, whereas, the GP method cannot identify the decomposition rate of structural litter pool. The similar sensitive parameter screening can be found in the Morris method, multiple adaptive regression spline (MARS), Delta Test (DT), and Sum of Tree (SOT) methods; 2) Sensitive parameters of soil nitrogen cycle that screened by DT, MARS, Morris, and SOT methods were: the potential nitrification rate, urea hydrolysis rate, Michaelis constant, microbial nitrogen-carbon ratio, slow humus nitrogen-carbon ratio, decomposition rate of microbial pool, decomposition rate of structural litter pool, and decomposition rate of metabolic litter pool. In contrast, the SPEA and GP screening showed that the insensitive parameters were the potential nitrification rate, and urea hydrolysis rate, indicating inconsistence with other qualitative sensitivity analysis; 3) When analyzing the efficiency of sensitivity methods, it was found that the sampling methods in the Orthogonal Array (OA) and Orthogonal Array based on Latin Hypercube (OALH) were suitable for Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), indicating that the required sample size was 361. In the DT and SOT methods, the Monte Carlo (MC) was the most suitable for the DT and SOT sensitivity analysis, where the minimum sample sizes were required 425 and 510, respectively. Compared with MARS and DT sensitivity analysis methods, the SOT required larger sample size in the process of screening sensitive parameters. The OALH sampling was the most suitable for the McKay sensitivity analysis methods, while requiring the least sample points. In addition, the minimum sample size can be achieved in the Morris and Sobol' method with 340 and 810, respectively. In summary, the qualitative sensitivity analysis method required less sample size than the quantitative sensitivity method, but it cannot be used to quantitatively describe the sensitivity of parameters during screening. Therefore, a recommendation during this time can be made that, in the complex system models with many parameters, the qualitative sensitivity analysis method can be used first to screen the preliminary sensitivity parameters at a low computational cost, and then the quantitative analysis of selected sensitive parameters by quantitative sensitivity analysis method.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Sensitivity analysis
Controlled terms:Carbon - Ecosystems - Efficiency - Hydrolysis - Lakes - Metabolism - Monte Carlo methods - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Parameter estimation - Plastic flow - Sampling - Screening - Soils - Uncertainty analysis - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Effectiveness and efficiencies - Global sensitivity analysis - Multivariate adaptive regression splines - Optimization of parameters - Parameter sensitivity analysis - Problem solving environments - Quantitative sensitivity - Sensitivity of parameters
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20204409408203
Title:Seismic performance of precast light steel-desert sand lightweight aggregate concrete shear wall in Xinjiang rural areas, China
Title of translation:新疆农村装配式轻钢-沙漠砂轻骨料混凝土剪力墙抗震性能
Authors:Yuan, Kang (1, 2); Guo, Junlin (1, 2); Zhang, Jiaming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy & Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Xinjiang Production & Construction Groups Engineering Laboratory for Seismic and Engergy-Saving Building in High Earthquake Intensity and Cold Zone, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Junlin(guo_education@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:125-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Seismic performance of rural building has posed a serious threat to the production and life of rural regions, particularly for some local characteristics of frequent earthquakes, cold climate, widespread desert, scattered distribution of rural buildings, and shortage of construction technology, such as in Xinjiang, western China. Therefore, the new type of prefabricated structure was demanding more and more urgently, to construct the high-quality living buildings with excellent seismic performance and heat preservation, while easy to gain architected materials and industrialized implementation. People living in a rural environment need to be prepared in the event of emergency. It is also significant to know the safety features in an apartment building, to keep the living and property as safe as possible. Specifically, the sparse materials environments can be a great challenge during the construction of houses in scattered habitations, such as highland desert in Xinjiang. These regional characteristics and technical requirements make it difficult to improve the seismic fortification level of villages and towns. In this study, a feasible shear wall structure was proposed in detail with a new lightweight aggregate concrete of precast light steel-desert sand, suitable for 1-2 story rural buildings in Xinjiang areas. The main purpose of seismic performance can be expected as the whole structural deformation of three kinds of wall panels for the resistance to earthquakes, particularly under the action of multiple earthquakes. The specific experiments can be carried out to meet the required needs of the region: under the action of fortification and rare earthquake, the separation of vertical joints between the walls, the shear failure of the lower wall below the windows, the bending damage of the walls between the windows, the dissipated seismic energy of the whole building together, thereby to ensure that the edge wall was not seriously damaged. A quasi-static test was conducted for two edge walls, two walls between windows, one wall under the window, and one shear wall with common reinforced concrete, in order to verify the feasibility of the wall panels in the structure when replacing steel bars with steel wires, while, evaluate the seismic performance and failure modes of each wall panel, under horizontal earthquakes. The data information can be achieved, including the hysteresis curve, mechanical curve of skeleton structure, displacement ductility, capacity of energy dissipation, and bearing capacity of each specimen. The results show that the failure mode varied in the types of the specimen. Specifically, the bending failure under ductile compression occurred in the edge wall, the wall between windows, and shear wall with common reinforced concrete, whereas, the brittle shear failure can be found in the wall limb under the window. It infers that the steel wire mesh can replace the steel bar in the shear wall, due to the approximate seismic performance index can be obtained in the wall between the windows, and the common shear wall under the given reinforcement ratio. In the edge wall, the ultimate displacement angle, ductility coefficient, and viscous damping coefficient were achieved the maximum, indicating the optimal seismic performance. The wall between windows ranked the second, and the wall under the window was the last, indicating an expected evaluation was gained for the rural building. Additionally, a recommendation can be addressed during this time: the ultimate bearing capacity of wall between windows and edge wall can be evaluated as eccentrically compressed members according to the calculation theory of normal section, for the optimization of seismic performance in a rural building.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Earthquakes
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Apartment houses - Bars (metal) - Beams and girders - Bearing capacity - Bearings (machine parts) - Concrete aggregates - Concrete construction - Ductility - Energy dissipation - Heating - Historic preservation - Landforms - Light weight concrete - Precast concrete - Rare earths - Reinforced concrete - Rural areas - Seismic waves - Shear walls - Wire
Uncontrolled terms:Construction technologies - Eccentrically compressed members - Light-weight aggregate concrete - Prefabricated structures - Regional characteristics - Seismic performance indices - Ultimate bearing capacity - Viscous damping coefficients
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.3 Residences - 406 Highway Engineering - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 412 Concrete - 481.1 Geology - 484 Seismology - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20204409408110
Title:Influences of south roof support position change on the skeleton structure safety in solid belly solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室前屋面支撑位置对实腹式骨架安全性的影响
Authors:Qi, Fei (1, 2); Yan, Dongmei (1, 2); Wei, Xiaoming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Structure of solid-belly skeleton is commonly used for the solar greenhouses with light loading or narrow span due to the small section stiffness. Generally, a suitable support can be set at a certain position of south roof in a solar greenhouse, aiming to provide an economically feasible technical solution to the improvement on the safety of entire skeleton system. In this study, three types of solar greenhouse with a common span in Beijing were selected as research examples, and then to calculate the section parameter of greenhouses and the loading form, according to greenhouse design code. The main purpose of this study is to determine the impact of setting position for south roof support point on the framework safety, and thereby to obtain the optimal setting region of support point. Prior to the calculation, it needed to assume that a support point was set on the south roof skeleton of a solar greenhouse, and the position of support point can be changed along the south roof skeleton at a relatively fixed distance (about 50cm). A Midas Gen software was then used to calculate the width-to-thickness ratio, deflection, and safety factor of south roof skeleton in the solar greenhouse under 49 supporting conditions, and 255 load combinations. The results of south roof skeleton for the 8, 9, 10 m span solar greenhouse were the width-to-thickness ratios of 33, 38, 43, and the maximum deflection of 15.13mm, 14.69mm, 18.5mm, under different supporting conditions and load combinations, for the section size as 70×50×2.0, 80×60×2.0, 90×60×2.0, respectively. Compared with the greenhouse design codes, all obtained data demonstrated that the skeleton structure can meet the required level of safety and stability, as the support position of south roof changed in this case. Based on the above analysis of deflection deformation and safety factor on the south roof skeleton with different support positions, it was founded that the change of support positions can make a significant impact on the safety of a south roof skeleton in a greenhouse. A feature of isolated peak curve can be used to describe the variation of deflection deformation and safety factor with the position of support points. Furthermore, the curve laws were basically consistent for three kinds of span greenhouse. Specifically, the arch deflection changed slightly, when the support point shifted from the foot to about 30% span of south roof. When the support point moved from 30% span to the ridge position, the arch deflection changed greatly, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The minimum deflection occurred, when the position of support point were set at 51%, 66%, and 59% of south roof for the 8, 9, 10 m span solar greenhouse, respectively. In a safety factor, the maximum appeared, when the position of support point were set at 51%, 72% and 71% of south roof for the 8, 9, 10m span solar greenhouse, respectively. The main conclusions can be obtained as follow: (1) By setting permanent support or temporary support at appropriate position on the south roof of solar greenhouse, the deflection deformation of arch frame can be effectively reduced, and the structural safety of framework can be significantly improved; (2) In the 8, 9, 10 m span solar greenhouse, the influence of relative support distance on deflection deformation and safety factor can be basically consistent; (3) The optimal support setting region was on the 51%-72% of the south roof in a greenhouse. The findings can provide a sound theoretical guidance to develop a novel solid-belly skeleton system, and thereby to effectively prevent some damage to solar greenhouse.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Roofs
Controlled terms:Arch bridges - Arches - Deflection (structures) - Deformation - Greenhouses - Musculoskeletal system - Safety factor - Solar heating
Uncontrolled terms:Deflection deformations - Maximum deflection - Section stiffness - Skeleton structure - Supporting conditions - Technical solutions - Temporary support - Width-to-thickness ratio
Classification code:401.1 Bridges - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01% to 7.20e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%, Percentage 7.20e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.47e-02m, Size 1.51e-02m, Size 1.85e-02m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20204409408155
Title:PolSAR image classification based on polarimetric decomposition and ensemble learning
Title of translation:基于极化分解和集成学习的PolSAR影像分类
Authors:Xiao, Yan (1); Wang, Bin (2); Jiang, Qigang (3); Wen, Ya (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Exploration and Surveying Engineering, Changchun Insititute of Technology, Changchun; 130012, China; (2) Changchun Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Changchun; 130021, China; (3) College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun; 130012, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:134-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An effective PolSAR image classification technology is the basis of the successful application of PolSAR. The advantage of PolSAR data lies in its rich polarimetric information. How to make full use of the polarimetric information of PolSAR data for classification has always been a hot issue in the research of PolSAR image classification. To better maximize the use of the polarimetric information of PolSAR data for classification to further improve classification accuracy, this study proposed a PolSAR image classification method that was based on polarimetric decomposition and ensemble learning. In this study, the study area was located in the south of Changchun, Jilin, China, and a RADARSAT-2 Fine Quad-Pol image was used as data sources. 1) All the polarimetric decomposition methods provided by the PolSARpro_v5.0 software were used to extract polarimetric parameters for classification support. These decomposition methods were the Pauli, Krogager, Huynen, Barnes, Cloude, H/A/α, Freeman2, Freeman3, Yamaguchi, Neumann, Touzi, Holm, and Van Zyl methods. 61 polarimetric parameters were extracted using these polarimetric decomposition methods and then merged to form a multichannel image. 2) The multichannel image was divided into numerous image objects by implementing multiresolution segmentation. 3) Against each polarimetric decomposition method, features were extracted from the multichannel images. 4) The PSO_SVM wrapper algorithm was applied for feature selection. 5) The land-cover classification was performed by a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for each polarimetric decomposition method. Based on the samples in the validation group, against the classification results of each polarimetric decomposition method, a confusion matrix from which 4 statistics (producer's accuracy, user's accuracy, overall accuracy, and Kappa coefficient) were obtained was established for assessing classification accuracy. The 16 polarimetric decomposition methods were ranked in the following descending order according to their Kappa value, including Yamaguchi4, Pauli, H/A/α, Touzi, Neumann, Freeman3, Van Zyl, Yamaguchi3, Freeman2, Krogager, Cloude, Holm1, Holm2, Huynen, Barnes2, and Barnes1. Finally, the differences of all combinations of the 9 individual classifiers (Pauli, H/A/α, Freeman2, Freeman3, Yamaguchi3, Yamaguchi4, Neumann, Touzi, and Van Zyl) with Kappa values greater than 0.60 were evaluated using the entropy measurement method. Among all combinations, the combination consisting of the classification results of 6 polarimetric decomposition methods, namely, Pauli, Freeman3, Yamaguchi4, Neumann, Touzi, and Van Zyl, had the highest entropy value of 0.282 7. According to the criterion in which the greater the entropy value was, the greater the differences were, this combination was selected for integration. The classification results of Pauli, Freeman3, Yamaguchi4, Neumann, Touzi, and Van Zyl were synthesized using parallel integration mode and weighted voting method. After integration, the overall accuracy and the Kappa value were 92.49% and 0.90, respectively, which were 4.49% and 0.06 higher than the overall accuracy and the Kappa value of Yamaguchi 4 with the highest accuracy before integration, respectively. Moreover, the producer's and user's accuracies of land-cover classes improved in general. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, this study compared it with other classification methods based on many polarimetric decomposition methods. A relatively low overall accuracy and Kappa value were obtained by the compared method, and their values were 1.75% and 0.02 lower than those of the proposed method, respectively. The comparison results indicated that the proposed method exhibits better performance for the PolSAR data classification. This study would provide a new concept for the classification of PolSAR data. Moreover, it would expand the construction method of the "diversity" in ensemble learning.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Entropy - Image classification - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Integration - Learning systems - Polarimeters - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Classification technology - Land cover classification - Multiresolution segmentation - Polarimetric decomposition - Polarimetric informations - Polarimetric parameters - Weighted voting methods
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.2 Calculus - 941.3 Optical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.75e+00%, Percentage 4.49e+00%, Percentage 9.25e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20204409408173
Title:Method for image segmentation of cucumber disease leaves based on multi-scale fusion convolutional neural networks
Title of translation:多尺度融合卷积神经网络的黄瓜病害叶片图像分割方法
Authors:Zhang, Shanwen (1); Wang, Zhen (1); Wang, Zuliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an; 710123, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:149-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cucumber disease leaf image segmentation is an important step in disease detection and disease type recognition. To overcome the shortcomings of the classical disease leaf segmentation methods, image semantic segmentation algorithm based on the Fully Convolution Networks (FCNs) had been widely used in the automatic segmentation of disease leaf images in the complex background. FCNs replaced the last three fully-connected layers with three convolutional layers so that the input image with any size could be accepted. FCNs classified images at the pixel level, resolving the problem of semantic segmentation at the semantic level. FCNs utilized the de-convolutional layer to upsample the feature map of the last convolutional layer and restored it to the same size of the input image so that each pixel could be generated. At the same time, the spatial information of the original input image was retained. Then, the pixel-by-pixel classification was carried out on the above feature maps. The disadvantages of FCNs were that 1) the segmented images by FCNs were still not precise enough. Although the result of 8 times sampling was much better than 32 times sampling, the result of upsampling was still blurred and smooth, and was insensitive to the details of the image; 2) Classification of each pixel did not fully consider the relationship between the pixels. The spatial regularization steps used in the usual segmentation methods based on pixel classification were neglected and lack of spatial consistency. Aiming at the low recognition accuracy problem of the traditional disease leaf image segmentation methods, the Multi-Scale Fusion Convolutional Neural Networks (MSF-CNNS) were proposed for cucumber disease leaf image segmentation. MSF-CNNs consisted of Encoder Networks (ENs) and Decoder Networks (DNs). ENs were composed of a multi-scale Convolutional Neural Networks to extract multi-scale information of images of disease leaves. DNs were a nine-point bilinear interpolation algorithm to restore the size and resolution of the input image. In the process of the model training, a transfer learning method with the gradual adjustment was used to accelerate the training speed and segmentation accuracy of the network model. The architecture of MSF-CNNs is similar to U-Net and SegNet, mainly including encoder networks and decoder networks. However, to extract the multi-scale information of the input image, a multilevel parallel structure was introduced into the encoding network, while a multi-scale connection was introduced into the decoding network. In the specific coding network, the multi-column parallel CNNs could be used to extract the multi-scale features of the image of crop disease leaves. In the decoding network, the size and resolution of the image were restored by introducing the nine-point bisector linear interpolation algorithm as the deconvolution interpolation method. In the structure of the overall network model, skip join was used to pass the characteristic information extracted from different convolutional layers, and batch normalization operation was introduced to alleviate the gradient dispersion phenomenon of the model. Segmentation experiments were carried out on the image database of cucumber disease leaves under the complex background and compared with the existing deep learning models, such as FCNs, SegNet, U-Net, and DenseNet. The results on the cucumber disease leaf image dataset validated that the proposed method met the needs of the cucumber disease leaf image segmentation in the complex environment, with pixel-classification accuracy of 92.38%, the average accuracy of 93.12%, mean intersection over the union of 91.36 and frequency weighted intersection over the union of 89.76%. Compared with FCNs, SegNet, U-NET, and DenseNet, the average accuracy of the proposed method is improved by 13.00%, 10.74%, 10.40%, 10.08%, and 6.40%, respectively. After using the progressive learning training method, the training time was reduced by 0.9 h. The results showed that the proposed method was effective for the image segmentation of the cucumber disease leaves in a complex environment, and could provide technical support for further research on cucumber disease detection and identification.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Complex networks - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Decoding - Deconvolution - Deep learning - Image classification - Image coding - Image fusion - Image reconstruction - Internet protocols - Interpolation - Learning systems - Network coding - Numerical control systems - Pixels - Restoration - Semantics - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic segmentations - Bilinear interpolation algorithms - Linear interpolation algorithms - Multi-scale informations - Pixel-by-pixel classification - Segmentation accuracy - Spatial regularizations - Transfer learning methods
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1 Control Systems - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+00%, Percentage 8.98e+01%, Percentage 9.24e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Time 3.24e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20204409408104
Title:Soil classification in typical black soil areas of Northeast China based on Gaofen-5 images
Title of translation:基于高分5号影像的东北典型黑土区土壤分类
Authors:Meng, Xiangtian (1, 2); Bao, Yilin (1, 2); Liu, Huanjun (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Aiming (1); Liu, Yunchao (1); Wang, Dandan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resources, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng; 024000, China; (2) School of Pubilc Adminstration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Huanjun(huanjunliu@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:231-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High accuracy soil classification and model-based mapping can provide a better evaluation for sustainable management in intelligent agriculture. Nevertheless, most previous studies on the type classification and mapping were derived mainly from hyperspectral images that captured indoor measurement, or airborne hyperspectral and spaceborne multispectral images. Only a few studies were associated with the satellite hyperspectral images in soil classification and mapping, due partly to the lack of satellite hyperspectral data. Thanks to the Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite, the high-resolution hyperspectral data can currently be returned, and thereby can make it possible to realize soil classification and mapping using satellite hyperspectral images. However, it has become a great challenge to achieve a high accuracy mapping only by using soil spectral characteristics. Alternatively, the introduction of soil formation factors can effectively improve the accuracy of soil classification. In this study, taking the Baiquan and Mingshui county as the study areas, the GF-5 satellite hyperspectral data was selected to verify whether the combination of satellite hyperspectral data and terrain data (one of the five factors of soil formation) can enhance the performance accuracy of soil classification and mapping. The continuum removed (CR) analysis was performed on the hyperspectral reflectance data (OR), and then the obtained CR and OR data were processed by a principal component analysis, in order to gain the inputs of OR-PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and CR-PCA. Subsequently, some terrain (TA) factors were added to the program of OR-PCA and CR-PCA, particularly including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, and relief degree of land surface. As such, the soil hyperspectral remote sensing classification models were established in combination with a random forest classifier. The results are as follows: 1) The spectral phase differences among various soil types increased significantly after the continuum removal treatment, indicating a great improvement on the accuracy of the hyperspectral soil classification. Compared with that of OR as input data, the correct classification number of Phaeozems, Chernozems and Cambisols increased by 20, 17 and 27, respectively. The total accuracy and Kappa coefficient were also improved by 5.48% and 0.12, respectively. The findings demonstrated that the CR treatment can be used to greatly increase the accuracy of soil classification and mapping. 2) The PCA method can be used to dramatically reduce the redundancy data of hyperspectral images, while improve the classification efficiency and the accuracy of model. In the mapping data, the misclassification of pixels was significantly reduced after the PCA treatment. Compared with that of OR as the input, the total accuracy of soil classification in the OR-PCA method was improved by 1.71%, and the Kappa coefficient was enhanced by 0.02. Compared with that of CR as the input, the total accuracy of soil classification in the CR-PCA method was improved by 3.67%, and the Kappa coefficient was improved by 0.02. 3) The obtained results indicated that the addition of TA factors can significantly improve the accuracy of soil classification. Among the different input combinations, the CR-PCA-TA group showed the highest accuracy of soil classification when using as the input data, with the classification total accuracy of 81.61% and the Kappa coefficient of 0.72. Compared with that of CR-PCA as the input, the total accuracy of soil classification based on the combination of CR-PCA-TA was improved by 13.01%, and the Kappa coefficient was improved by 0.20, indicating that the high precision soil classification model and soil mapping were realized during this time. The findings can provide new insightful ideas for soil classification and mapping with a high accuracy in a wide range for intelligent agriculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Decision trees - Image classification - Image enhancement - Input output programs - Photomapping - Remote sensing - Satellites - Soil surveys - Soils - Spectroscopy - Weathering
Uncontrolled terms:Classification efficiency - Hyperspectral reflectance - Hyperspectral remote sensing - PCA (principal component analysis) - Random forest classifier - Spectral characteristics - Sustainable management - Type classifications
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2 Satellites - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+00%, Percentage 3.67e+00%, Percentage 5.48e+00%, Percentage 8.16e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20204409408133
Title:Comprehensive evaluation of periodic productivity of combined tillage mode in wheat-maize double cropping areas
Title of translation:麦-玉两熟区组合耕作模式周期生产力综合评价
Authors:Zhang, Yinping (1); Chi, Yanjie (1); Wang, Zhanbin (1); Li, Xiaoran (1); Li, Hongwen (2); Diao, Peisong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Diao, Peisong(dps@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:35-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problems of traditional tillage in Huang-Huai-Hai double cropping area, such as soil structure destruction, excessive power consumption, increase of soil compaction and the nutrient enrichment of surface weeds in the surface soil layer resulted by continuous no tillage, the four years combined tillage(CT) from 2013 to 2016 of "ploughing-no tillage-subsoiling-no tillage" was designed in the wheat-corn double cropping area in this study, taking continuous no tillage (CN) and continuous ploughing(CP) as control, the comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the cycle productivity of the combined tillage mode. During the experiment, the soil structure indexes and soil nutrient indexes were measured, and the agricultural materials, machinery, labor cost and crop yields of different tillage modes were statistically analyzed. On this basis, the comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the periodic productivity of different tillage modes. The results showed that, the CT improved the quality of soil structure, reduced the soil bulk density in 0-30 cm soil layer effectively, the average soil bulk density was smaller 0.089 and 0.125 g/cm<sup>3</sup> than that of CN and CP. CT increased the content of total nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and rapid available potassium in 0-30 cm soil layer, but no significant impacts on the available nitrogen content, the organic carbon content was higher 0.36 and 0.61 g/kg respectively than that of CN and CP, the organic carbon concentration distribution was balanced between the soil layers of 0-10, >10-20 and >20-30 cm, but not balanced of CN and CP. CN only increased the soil nutrient in 0-10 cm soil layer, while CT increased the soil nutrient in >10-20 cm soil layer. CT and CN reduced the costs and increased the input, the total investment of CT and CN was not difference significantly, and saved 3 069 and 3 969 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively than that of CP. The total crops yields and total output of CT were significantly higher than that of CN and CP, CT improved the material utilization rate, the labor conversion rate and input-output ratio. The comprehensive evaluation scores of CT, CN and CP were 4.85, 3.8 and 1.7, respectively, the score of CT was significantly higher than that of CN and CP, the periodic productivity of CT was the highest. This study can provide a reference for the improvement of tillage modes in wheat-corn double cropping area, and promote productivity improvement and cost saving.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Investments - Machinery - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Organic carbon - Productivity - Soil mechanics - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Available phosphorus - Available potassiums - Carbon concentrations - Comprehensive evaluation - Material utilization - Nutrient enrichments - Organic carbon contents - Productivity improvements
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.4 Personnel
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.25e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.90e+01kg/m3, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20204409408319
Title:International rural space diversification based on knowledge mapping analysis using CiteSpace
Title of translation:国际农村空间多元化研究的知识图谱分析
Authors:Zhang, Juan (1); Wang, Maojun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Energy Economic Research Center, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Maojun(maojunw@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-319
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agriculture and rural development in China have entered a new stage with the rapid globalization, urbanization, and the shift in consumer demand. A new style of consumption is forming the value of rural diversification. In order to promote the rural reform and modern agriculture, the rural revitalization and urban-rural integration, a Rural Revitalization Strategy has been released at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, particularly on a series of policies, such as the Rural Revitalization Strategy Plan (2018-2022), the active use of idle homesteads and housing bases. To revitalize countryside, the diversification of rural functions is becoming a new topic of rural space research in China. There are diversified research trends in previous studies on rural space, such as multi-functional transformation, rural revitalization, and rural space commercialization, social and cultural differentiation. However, most research interests are still focused on the new rural construction, such as hollow village, rural renovation, possibly due to the insight was confined by the urbanization process and the stage of rural development in China. The further explore is also lacking in consumption-oriented modern leisure for the rural functions. In the counter-urbanization of developed countries, the diversification rural space has become hot research directions, such as urban-rural migration, consumption of rural areas. In this paper, the combination of conventional reading method and knowledge mapping analysis in CiteSpace document analysis software was used to sort out the research context of international rural spatial diversification, and then to identify research hot spots, finally to extract the explanation of research topics. The results show that (1) international rural space has undergone a series of transitions from rural production relations, rural reconstruction, rurality to rural functions transformation, urban-rural integration, social policy changes, continuous resource management to urban-rural immigration, consumption differences, rural space reproduction, and rural gentrification. The attention and its intensity on diversification research are increasing rapidly, while the research focus and hotspots are constantly updated. The degree of diversified research attention has increased rapidly. (2) In recent years, the research results and influence of developing countries represented by China have been growing rapidly, and the overall research shows a spatial pattern of "Western Europe as the core, North America and Asia as the two wings". (3) Five topics, including rurality, rural function transformation, rural space reproduction, urban-rural immigration, rural gentrification, have dominated the current international rural spatial diversification research. Compared with international research experience, this paper proposed that the future strength can be focused on the theoretical system of rural spatial diversification in China, the process and mechanism analysis, and micro analysis, thereby to provide valuable reference for further research on rural revitalization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:107
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Cell proliferation - Developing countries - Knowledge representation - Mapping - Regional planning - Space research
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture and rural - Function transformation - International researches - Modern agricultures - New rural constructions - Resource management - Series of transition - Urban-rural integrations
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 461.9 Biology - 656.2 Space Research - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.16.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
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