<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20214711217843
Title:Performance analysis of loop-heat-pipe type solar photovoltaic/thermal system under passive regulation operating mode
Title of translation:&#34987;&#21160;&#35843;&#33410;&#27169;&#24335;&#29615;&#36335;&#28909;&#31649;&#22411;&#20809;&#20239;&#20809;&#28909;&#31995;&#32479;&#24615;&#33021;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Hong (1, 2); Zhang, Man (1, 2); Sun, Yue (1, 2); Han, Zhipeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Yanshan University, Heibei Province Low-carbon and Clean Building Heating Technology Innovation Center, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Civil Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:205-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) collectors using the heat pipe cooling technology are expected to be a new generation in the field of solar PV/T utilization, compared with the conventional flat plate. However, there are still two adverse operating conditions of PV/T systems in winter and summer. In summer, the photoelectric efficiency of the system decreases to be the lowest, while the photothermal efficiency reduces obviously, when the operating temperature reaches 75 &#8451;. In winter, the heat pipe loop starts to work late, due to the relatively weak solar radiation at low ambient temperature. Such working performance of the system can get worse under two adverse operating conditions, particularly in severe cold or tropical areas. In this study, a passive regulation was proposed to recycle the exhausted air from the air conditioning system, further to regulate the working temperature of solar photovoltaic/thermal collectors. In summer, the exhausted air was sent to the air layer between the absorber plate and the glass cover in the LHP-PV/T collector at the required water temperature. In winter, the exhausted air was sent to the air layer at sunrise. As such, the absorber plate was used to absorb the thermal energy from both the exhausted air and the solar radiation. Accordingly, the cycle of LHP started earlier, in order to improve the solar energy utilization efficiency of the system. A mathematical model of PV/T collector was established to explore the influence of system regulation on performances and circulation start of LHP using ANSYS Fluent software. Several assumptions were also proposed to simplify the model and reduce the amount of calculation, as well as some boundary conditions, such as the flow, thermal and momentum. The system operating performances were simulated before and after passive regulation, thereby compareing the influence of different regulation strategies on system performance. Additionally, a self-developed system outdoor was constructed to verify the accuracy of the model. A field test was also carried out under a typical working condition in summer in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, China. Correspondingly, an outdoor test system was selected to operate in a relatively stable period, where the measured value was collected to compare with the simulated from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. The simulation and test results show that the average relative errors were 0.02% and 0.47% for the water temperature and the solar thermal efficiency, respectively. The simulation and test results shows that the calculation accuracy of model was within the acceptable range of engineering design. Furthermore, the lower wind speed under the regulation mode was more conducive to the the heat pipe operation in summer, whereas, the higher wind speed greatly contributed improving the photoelectric efficiency of system. Different strategies of regulation demonstrated that the lower wind speed at the beginning of regulation mode contributed significantly to the solar thermal energy for better photoelectric efficiency of system. In winter, the regulation greatly advanced the starting time of LHP circulation, while the effective solar heat collection increased by 375.7% within half an hour after sunrise.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Solar energy
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Cold working - Collector efficiency - Energy utilization - Heat pipes - Solar concentrators - Solar power generation - Solar radiation - Temperature - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:Absorber plates - Air layers - Loop Heat Pipe - Low wind speed - Operating condition - Performances analysis - Photoelectric efficiency - Photovoltaic/thermal systems - Test - Water temperatures
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 535.2  Metal Forming - 615.2  Solar Power - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3  Solar Cells
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00E-02%, Percentage 3.757E+02%, Percentage 4.70E-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20214711217817
Title:Self-adaptive photovoltaic/temperature difference MPPT control strategy based on hyperbolic tangent function
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21452;&#26354;&#27491;&#20999;&#20989;&#25968;&#30340;&#20809;&#20239;/&#28201;&#24046;&#33258;&#36866;&#24212;MPPT&#25511;&#21046;&#31574;&#30053;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Bai, Long (1, 2); Fang, Junlong (1); Li, Xinran (1); Li, Chuang (1); Dong, Yuqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang; 157011, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Junlong(junlongfang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:184-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An effective supply mode, solar power is gradually gaining much attention for the environmental friendliness and convenience. Among them, a photovoltaic/thermal co-generation technology is usually utilized to improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic cells, as the operating temperature rises. As such, the redundant heat generated by the photovoltaic cells was reused as the heat source for the temperature difference of the power generation system to realize secondary power generation. Moreover, the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control is also required to achieve the optimal potential of the co-generation system. In this study, a new MPPT control of photovoltaic/temperature difference was proposed further to combine the constant voltage and hyperbolic tangent type adaptive variable step size, in response to the oscillation and misjudgment caused by the fixed step size of traditional conductance increment. Two advantages were included here: First, the control was the fast tracking to the area near the nonlinear region of the maximum power point using 0.78 times of the system open-circuit voltage, suitable for the great changing environmental conditions. Second, the step size was adjusted adaptively and quickly, according to the change of external environmental conditions, when the MPPT was tracking to the nonlinear region near the maximum power points. For instance, the light intensity was used to reduce the system oscillation, indicating the monotonic increase and fast variation in the hyperbolic tangent function. Furthermore, a simulation model was established to evaluate the performance of adaptive variable step conductance increment in the MPPT control of a combined photovoltaic/thermal power generation system using the Matlab/Simulink software. Specifically, Jinao JAMG-6-60-250/SI photovoltaic module was set as the photovoltaic cell model, and Xinghe F40550 was the thermoelectric chip model. Simulation results show that the step changes were consistent under the drastic variation in the light intensity, while the response speed was obviously improved with the rapid adjustment for tracking the maximum power point. At the same time, the step size was kept at 0, after the output power of He system was stabilized. There were only small fluctuations and errors in the steady-state output power, indicating that the MPPT control performed well. Correspondingly, an MPPT hardware experiment was conducted to further verify the feasibility at Northeast Agricultural University in Harbin in October 2020. Two periods A (8:00-9:00) and B (12:00-13:00) were selected, when the illumination and temperature were gradually enhanced to remain unchanged. The hardware experimental results show that the system was quickly tracked and stabilized at the maximum power point within 15ms, where the steady-state error was less than 0.3%, indicating more robust to external environmental disturbances and higher energy utilization. Consequently, an excellent balance was achieved in the system response speed and steady-state accuracy. The finding can provide a promising potential to the implementation of hardware, such as digital signal processors in practice.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Maximum power point trackers
Controlled terms:Hyperbolic functions - MATLAB - Open circuit voltage - Photoelectrochemical cells - Photovoltaic cells - Solar energy
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive - Hyperbolic tangent function - Maximum power point - Maximum Power Point Tracking - Maximum power point tracking controls - Nonlinear regions - Photovoltaic thermals - Photovoltaics - Power generation systems - Temperature differences
Classification code:657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.1  Electric Batteries - 704.2  Electric Equipment - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00E-01%, Time 1.50E-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20214711217789
Title:Delineation of production-living-ecological space in Lishui District of Nanjing based on land multi-functions and suitability
Title of translation:&#32508;&#21512;&#22303;&#22320;&#22810;&#21151;&#33021;&#19982;&#36866;&#23452;&#24615;&#30340;&#21335;&#20140;&#24066;&#28327;&#27700;&#21306;"&#19977;&#29983;"&#31354;&#38388;&#21010;&#23450;
Authors:Xia, Min (1); Feng, Xinhui (1); Xia, Junlin (1); Zou, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Wei(zw@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:242-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate delineation of regional production-living-ecological space can contribute to the ecological civilization construction in China, particularly to the territorial spatial planning and management in recent years. A multi-functional framework of land use can also be taken as the guidance of delineation practice. Moreover, the dominant land function can be highlighted to consider the temporal and spatial change, as well as the current land use. Taking Lishui district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province as an example, the land-use multi-functions and the suitability of production, living, ecological spaces were evaluated to delineate the production-living-ecological space, considering the suitability, land-use multi-functions, and change trends from 2006 to 2016. The results showed that: 1) The production and living functions decreased in the study area, whereas, the ecological function increased during the past decade. The trend was in line with the overall urban and rural development strategy in the study area. Specifically, the areas with high values of production function were Yongyang town and Dongping town in 2006, but the development zone and Yongyang town in 2016. The areas with high values of living function were the development zone and Yongyang town both in 2006 and 2016. The area with high values of ecological function was Yongyang town in 2006, but Yongyang town and Jingqiao town in 2016. Furthermore, the areas with low function values were also changed from 2006 to 2016. There was a positive correlation between the spatial distribution of the production function and the living function. The towns with higher production functions usually presented higher income levels and living standards, where the infrastructure construction, in turn, promoted the optimization and transformation of production structure. The spatial distribution of ecological function indicated a negative correlation with the production function and the living function, due mainly to the functional orientation of each town. 2) There was the greatest difference in the values of production space, among the suitability values of production, living, and ecological spaces in the study area, indicating a high correlation with the distribution of cultivated land. There were no significantly different values of living space, but the mean value was the highest. Besides, the values presented an obvious "ring" and "block" distribution patterns in the whole area, particularly decreasing from the center of town to the surroundings. The mean value of ecological space was slightly lower than that of living space and evenly distributed among the towns. 3) The coupling coordination degree of comprehensive evaluation on the production, living, and ecological spaces in each town was higher than that of the suitability evaluation data. As such, the production-living-ecological space was then delineated, according to the comprehensive evaluation. Specifically, three spaces accounted for 39.63%, 22.72%, and 37.65% of the study area, respectively. The production space was concentrated in the middle and northwest of Lishui district, where the space areas were relatively average in the towns. The living space was mainly distributed in the middle, where the space areas varied with different towns. The ecological space was distributed in the south. Consequently, the precision and coordination were higher in the production-living-ecological space in terms of land-use suitability and multi-functions. The findings can provide a sound reference for territorial spatial planning in the study area.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Planning - Regional planning - Spatial distribution - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological functions - Lishui district - Living spaces - Mean values - Multi-functions - Production function - Production-living-ecological space - Spatial planning - Study areas - Suitability
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.272E+01%, Percentage 3.765E+01%, Percentage 3.963E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20214711217813
Title:Spatial distribution extraction of alfalfa based on Sentinel-2 and GF-1 images
Title of translation:Sentinel-2&#21644;GF-1&#24433;&#20687;&#32467;&#21512;&#25552;&#21462;&#33500;&#34047;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24067;
Authors:Bao, Xuying (1); Wang, Yan (2); Feng, Qisheng (1); Ge, Jing (1); Hou, Mengjing (1); Liu, Changyu (1); Gao, Xinhua (1); Liang, Tiangang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730020, China; (2) Chongxin County No.1 Middle School, Pingliang; 744200, China
Corresponding author:Liang, Tiangang(tgliang@lzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:153-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Alfalfa is a perennial crop to serve as a key feed variety for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry and food safety in China. Timely and accurate acquisition of alfalfa spatial distribution can greatly contribute to the data support for the scientific management of grass production. In this study, a new extraction was proposed to obtain the remote sensing characteristics of alfalfa using the Findpeaks function of MATLAB, combined with the change of spectral reflectance of alfalfa with the growth stage. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset was also constructed using high-resolution GF-1/WFV (Wide Field of View) and Sentinel-2 remote sensing images in Jinchang City, Gansu Province, China. The limitation of automatic identification and area extraction was solved to extract the spatial distribution of alfalfa via determining Minimum Peak Prominence (MPP) value. Firstly, an analysis was made on the time series of alfalfa NDVI. It was found that the alfalfa NDVI increased many times, as the peak value decreased in one year. Specifically, there were many peaks and troughs in the NDVI time series curve, among which the peaks represented the high value of NDVI in a growing period (the flourishing period of alfalfa growth and development), whereas, the troughs reflected the alfalfa from the peak period to the cutting state. Then, a field investigation was conducted to determine the peaks and troughs number of alfalfa, where the trough number was 3-4, and the peak number was 3-5 in the NDVI time series curve. Thirdly, a verification of position accuracy found that the classification accuracy increased when the value of MPP was in the range of 0.3 to 0.4 and reached the maximum when the value of MPP was 0.4, while the classification accuracy tended to decrease with the increase of MPP value. Therefore, the MPP value of 0.4 was set to extract the potential spatial distribution of alfalfa using the Findpeaks function of MATLAB software. As such, the spatial distribution dataset of alfalfa planting area was established in the study area by masking the terrain and cultivated land with the removal of forests and other land objects. Finally, the spatial distribution of alfalfa in the study area in 2019 was obtained using ENVI software for the subsequent classification post-processing, such as multiplicity filtering and fragment elimination. The results show that: 1) The recognition accuracy and Kappa coefficient of Sentinel-2 remote sensing data were more than 85% and 0.7, better than that of GF-1/WFV. The larger density of NDVI time series curve in Sentinel-2 data than that of GF-1/WFV was attributed to better capture the key time points of alfalfa. 2) In terms of identification methods, it was found that the find troughs presented the higher overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, user accuracy, and mapping accuracy of extracted alfalfa in the study area, compared with the find peaks. 3) The find troughs using Sentinel-2 image performed the best for the remote sensing recognition of alfalfa, with an overall accuracy of 92.25%, a Kappa coefficient of 0.81, and a position accuracy of 86.44%, indicating an excellent monitoring performance in terms of spatial location. 4) The spatial distribution of alfalfa showed a gradual increase from the north to south, while most continuous areas were mainly concentrated in the south-central and southwest, and there was only sporadic distribution in the north of the study area. Specifically, the alfalfa planting area that identified by find troughs using Sentinel-2 image was 15 449.07 hm² in 2019, of which the alfalfa area of Jinchuan district was 1 353.42 hm², accounting for 8.76% of the total alfalfa area of Jinchang, and the alfalfa area of Yongchang county was 14 095.65 hm², accounting for 91.24% of the total area. The research data confirmed that the find troughs using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data can be expected to effectively identify alfalfa in the study area. The finding can provide important practical support to the refined management of pasture for the precise monitoring of grass production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Time series
Controlled terms:Automation - Classification (of information) - Convolution - Cultivation - Image recognition - Land use - MATLAB - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Time series analysis  - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Alfalpha - Classification accuracy - Information extraction - Kappa coefficient - Normalized difference vegetation index - Normalized difference vegetation index time series - Position accuracy - Remote-sensing - Study areas - Times series
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.50E+01%, Percentage 8.644E+01%, Percentage 8.76E+00%, Percentage 9.124E+01%, Percentage 9.225E+01%, Size 5.08E-02m, Size 7.62E-02m to 1.27E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20214711217794
Title:Preparation of double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes
Title of translation:&#21452;&#31649;&#31163;&#23376;&#36873;&#25321;&#24615;&#24494;&#30005;&#26497;&#21046;&#22791;&#26041;&#27861;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Li, Jinhai (1); Xue, Lin (2); Zhou, Qiao (1); Huang, Lan (1); Wang, Zhongyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Smart City College, Beijing Union University, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhongyi(wzyhl@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:24-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Ion-Selective Microelectrode (ISME) technology has widely been used to evaluate the plant electrical activity in mesoscopic space-time scale, including dynamic measurements on extracellular ion fluxes and intracellular ion activities. But the interference of electromigration or membrane potential changes has posed a great challenge on the traditional single-barreled ISME during the electrophysiological experiments, particularly on the accuracy of measured data. In this study, a double-barreled ISME monitoring scheme was proposed to eliminate the influence of potential drift on the measurement for more accurate information of ion flux. A simple and rapid preparation process of double-barreled ISMEs fabrication was also developed to widen the application of ion-selective electrode technology. Septum Theta (a borosilicate glass capillary with two cavities) was used to fabricate the improved double-barreled microelectrode during preparation, particularly on the silanization and liquid ion exchanger filling in the microelectrode tip of double-barreled ISME. The experimental measurements were conducted for the Nernst slope and response time of double-barreled ISMEs. A standardized feasibility plan was provided for the preparation and performance testing of double-barreled ISMEs. Experimental results showed that the optimal silanization temperature, dimethyldichlorosilane dosage, and silanization time were 150 &#8451;, 45&mu;L, and 90 min, respectively, when the double-barreled microelectrodes were silanized by the steam silane. In this case, the double-barreled ISME that filled 100 &mu;m liquid ion exchanger in the tip was reciprocated in the test solution at a frequency of 0.5Hz for 30min, where the remaining amount of liquid ion exchanger was observed under the microscope. The remaining amount of liquid ion exchanger was (100&plusmn;0) &mu;m in the double-barreled potassium ion, calcium ion, and hydrogen ISMEs' tip. In double-barreled chlorine ISMEs, the remaining amount of liquid ion exchanger in the tip was (90&plusmn;8.2) &mu;m. The Nernst slopes of double-barreled hydrogen ion, potassium ion, calcium ion, and chlorine ISMEs were 54.08, 56.51, 27.08, and -58.80 mV/dec, respectively. The measured Nernst slope of ISMEs was more than 90% of the theoretical value suitable for the requirements of the application. The response time of ion-selective electrodes with different liquid ion exchangers was between 0.2 and 0.42 s. Therefore, 0.5 Hz was a reasonable vibration frequency for the measurement of extracellular ion fluxes with the double-barreled ISMEs. The experimental results demonstrated that the double-barreled ISME developed by the improved preparation can well meet the requirements of ISME technology, thereby effectively capturing the extracellular ion fluxes or intracellular ion activities of plant cells. Consequently, the facile preparation of double-barreled ISME can be expected to greatly reduce the experimental difficulty of ISME fabrication. The finding can also provide a great contribution to acquire experimental data of plant physiological detection and applications in agricultural engineering, crop breeding, physiological stress tolerance, and cellular nutrition.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Microelectrodes
Controlled terms:Borosilicate glass - Calcium - Chlorine - Electrophysiology - Ion exchangers - Ion selective electrodes - Ion selective membranes - Ions - Liquids - Potassium  - Sodium
Uncontrolled terms:Calcium ions - Double-barreled ion-selective microelectrode - Extracellular - Ion fluxes - Ion-selective microelectrodes - Ions activities - Potassium ions - Preparation method - Silanizations - Test
Classification code:461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 549.2  Alkaline Earth Metals - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 812.3  Glass
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 5.00E-01Hz, Percentage 9.00E+01%, Size 1.00E-04m, Time 1.80E+03s, Time 2.00E-01s to 4.20E-01s, Time 5.40E+03s, Voltage -5.88E-02V, Volume 4.50E-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20214711218125
Title:Effects of N/S and ammonia concentrations on the process of sulfate reduction anaerobic ammonium oxidation
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#27694;&#30827;&#27987;&#24230;&#21450;&#27694;&#30827;&#27604;&#23545;&#30827;&#37240;&#30416;&#36824;&#21407;&#21388;&#27687;&#27688;&#27687;&#21270;&#33073;&#27694;&#25928;&#26524;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Yang, Shidong (1); Zhu, Yanjun (1); Liu, Han (1); Liu, Hongxu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:199-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Sulfate-reducing anaerobic ammonia oxidation (SRAO) reaction can be used to remove nitrogen and sulfate simultaneously in the same process, providing a new approach for complex industrial wastewater treatment in wastewater with a high concentration of ammonia and sulfate. However, the unstable SRAO depends easily on various external environmental factors. Particularly the main substrate, the concentrations and their ratios of ammonia nitrogen and sulfate are of great importance to the SARO process. In this study, a systematic investigation was made on the effect of the S/N (NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N/SO<inf>4</inf>^2-) ratio at different concentrations on the removal of nitrogen and sulfur in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). Two ASBRs with a volume of 2.0 L were also used in parallel in the experiment, where the hydraulic retention time was 48 h. The ASBRs were wrapped up with the cotton layer and black paper to isolate from the environment, while remaining at 30 &#8451; with the hot water from the water-bath with the casing layer of reactors. The four stages of reactors included loading, mixing, precipitation and drainage, which were controlled by automatic program controllers. The ratio of nitrogen to sulfur was adjusted by adding different concentrations of ammonium chloride and sulfate. The results showed that when N/S increased from 1.0 to 3.0 under the condition of sulfate concentration of about 100 mg/L, the NH<inf>4</inf>⁺ removal increased from 84.4% to 94.4%. The high-throughput sequence analysis showed that relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia in the anaerobic reactor increased from 8.6% to 10.6%, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia increased from 15% to 17.4%. At this time, the relative abundance and activity of Sulfur Autotrophic Denitrification (SAD) bacteria in ASBR did not change significantly, but the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing ammonia oxidation functional bacteria Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia increased significantly to 13.9% and 20.7%, respectively. The sulfate reduction ammonia oxidation (SRAO) and ANAMMOX were considered to be the main ways of nitrogen removal. An obvious decrease of NH<inf>4</inf>⁺ removal from 94.4% to 69.2% when the S/N increased from 3.0 to 4.0, which showed inhibition of SRAO and ANAMMOX bacteria in higher S/Ns over 3.0. At the same time, the content of thioplaca (Sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria) and nitrifying bacteria remained unchanged. The relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia decreased to 8.5% and 16.5%, respectively. Combined with the experimental results, the removal of sulfate according different S/Ns showed a similar trend as TN removal. The TN and sulfur removal rate could reach 94.4% and 74.2% when the N/S value was 3.0. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed the different dominant species of bacteria at the S/Ns, indicating the variation of TN and sulfur removal rate in the ASBR. The sulfate removal at different N/S ratios demonstrated combined denitrification in the system, including SRAO, SAD, and traditional ANAMMOX. The SARO was the dominant process of denitrification, when N/S&lt;1.5, whereas, the effect of ANAMMOX was the main denitrificaiton, when N/S&gt;1.5. An optimum N/S of 3.0 can be expected to effectively couple the SARO and ANAMMOX for the greatest nitrogen removal.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Ammonia
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Batch reactors - Chlorine compounds - Denitrification - Fermentation - Industrial water treatment - Nitrogen removal - Oxidation - Precipitation (chemical) - Reduction  - Sulfur - Sulfur compounds - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia oxidation - Ammonium oxidation - Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors - Anaerobics - ANAMMOX - Autotrophic denitrification - Relative abundance - Sulfate reducing - Sulphate reducing ammonium oxidation - Sulphur autotrophic denitrification
Classification code:445.1.2  Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass density 1.00E-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.39E+01%, Percentage 1.50E+01% to 1.74E+01%, Percentage 1.65E+01%, Percentage 2.07E+01%, Percentage 7.42E+01%, Percentage 8.44E+01% to 9.44E+01%, Percentage 8.50E+00%, Percentage 8.60E+00% to 1.06E+01%, Percentage 9.44E+01% to 6.92E+01%, Percentage 9.44E+01%, Time 1.728E+05s, Volume 2.00E-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20214711218099
Title:Experimental study on irrigation water warming system based on solar photovoltaic/thermal technology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#22826;&#38451;&#33021;&#20809;&#20239;&#20809;&#28909;&#25216;&#26415;&#30340;&#28748;&#28297;&#27700;&#22686;&#28201;&#31995;&#32479;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Zhang, Jinzhu (1, 2); Wang, Qin (1, 2); Wang, Zhenhua (1, 2); Xu, Xin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Corps of Production and Construction, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:72-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The purpose of this study was to present a dedicated experimental investigation on the performance of a novel irrigation water warming system using solar photovoltaic/thermal technology. A combination was designed, including a flat-plate PV/T collector, the insulation barrels, the submerged pump, the frequency changer, the tungsten halogen lamp, and the system pipe. The cold irrigation water absorbed the heat through the flat-plate PV/T collector, where the temperature of photovoltaic modules was reduced for higher photoelectric efficiency. The experimental platform for the irrigation water warming system was built, where a series of tests were conducted under different working conditions, including the liquid mass flow rates 0.01-0.08 kg/(s&bull;m²), initial water temperatures (5,7.5, 10&#8451;), and the radiations (320, 465, and 650 W/m²). All 72 working conditions in total were conducted in the test, where the door and windows were closed in the room, and the temperature was controlled at 20&#8451; by the air conditioner. An analysis was made on the irrigation water temperature, the extent of temperature, photoelectric efficiency, solar thermal efficiency, and practical energy performance of the system. The results show that the outlet water temperature and the increasing extent of temperature reached 20.9 and 12.5&#8451;, both of which were negatively correlated with the mass flow rate, particularly under the fixed condition, where the initial water temperature was 7.5&#8451;, and the radiation was 465 W/m². Nevertheless, the solar electric and thermal efficiency were positively correlated with the mass flow rate. The practical energy efficiency increased first and then decreased with the mass flow rate up rating, reaching a maximum of 0.484, where the inflection point was 0.03 kg/(s&bull;m²). Besides, the irrigation water temperature, the extent of temperature, and energy performance of the system were compared under the middle radiation and different initial working condition of water temperatures. The heat transfer was much more intense, as the initial water temperature decreased, thereby causing the higher increasing extent of temperature. The initial water temperature was still an important factor to determine the water temperature of the outlet, indicating a positive correlation, and the maximum water temperature of the outlet of 22.6&#8451;. Additionally, the solar electric efficiency, solar thermal efficiency, and practical energy efficiency were negatively correlated with the initial water temperature. Furthermore, irrigation water temperature and extent of temperature were relatively larger, when the system was under the higher solar radiation, but the increase of mass flow rate weaken the influence on the two indexes. The outlet water temperatures were maintained at about 10&#8451; when the system operated at 0.08 kg/(s&bull;m²) with 7.5&#8451; irrigation water under different solar radiation. The solar electric efficiency and solar thermal efficiency were also negatively correlated with the solar radiation, where the maximum values were 0.096 and 0.417, respectively. Moreover, the practical energy efficiency was negatively correlated with the solar radiation, when the mass flow rate was less than 0.06 kg/(s&bull;m²). It was just the opposite trend, when the mass flow rate was greater than 0.07 kg/(s&bull;m²). In terms of application prospect, the initial investment of irrigation water heating system was higher using solar photovoltaic technology, compared with the traditional greenhouse photovoltaic roof, but the whole life cycle cost was smaller, and the LCC was reduced by 17.6%, considering the comprehensive energy benefits. The system was still in the stage of research and experimental study. The actual installation area can be further addressed, according to the actual outdoor irradiance, irrigation amount, irrigation time, required irrigation water temperature.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Collector efficiency - Energy efficiency - Flow rate - Heat transfer - Irrigation - Mass transfer - Photoelectricity - Photovoltaic cells - Solar power generation  - Solar radiation
Uncontrolled terms:Condition - Initial water temperature - Irrigation waters - Mass-flow rate - Photovoltaic thermals - Practical energies - Solar radiation warming - Solar thermal - Thermal-efficiency - Water temperatures
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 615.2  Solar Power - 631  Fluid Flow - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702.3  Solar Cells - 741.1  Light/Optics - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00E-02kg to 8.00E-02kg, Mass 3.00E-02kg, Mass 6.00E-02kg, Mass 7.00E-02kg, Mass 8.00E-02kg, Percentage 1.76E+01%, Power 4.65E+02W, Power 6.50E+02W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20214711218116
Title:Estimation of individual tree parameters of plantation economic forest in Hainan Boao based on airborne LiDAR point cloud data
Title of translation:&#29992;&#26426;&#36733;LiDAR&#28857;&#20113;&#25968;&#25454;&#20272;&#27979;&#28023;&#21335;&#21338;&#40140;&#20154;&#24037;&#32463;&#27982;&#26519;&#21333;&#26408;&#21442;&#25968;
Authors:Gao, Linghan (1); Zhang, Xiaoli (1); Chen, Yuanyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xiaoli(zhang-xl@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:169-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is one rapidly emerging type of active remote sensing at present. The laser pulse can partially penetrate the shelter of the forest canopy, further realizing the acquisition of three-dimensional structure characteristics for the whole forest. In this study, a systematic evaluation was made on the individual tree parameters of plantation forestry in Hainan Boao of China using the point cloud data. The pre-processing operation was carried out to implement the normalized point cloud data for the extraction of parameters. First, the outlier was used to remove the noise in the point cloud. The ground points were also separated by the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). Then, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were generated by the Kriging and TIN interpolation. First of all, different operations were selected to generate the Canopy Height Model (CHM). The elevation normalization was then performed on the point cloud data for subsequent segmentation and parameter extraction of the individual tree. K-means clustering was used to segment the images of the trees using different tree species, according to the actual topography and forest structure characteristics in the study area. The layer-by-layer clustering was used to extract the point cloud of the individual tree, the position of which was then compared with the measurement. The correct recognition rate and the recall rate of each sample plot were also calculated to analyze the position error of individual tree segmentation. Then, the local maximum method of the variable window was used to detect the vertex position of individual tree, where the pixel value of the tree vertex was taken as the estimated height of the individual tree. The average value of the individual tree canopy was calculated, according to the difference between the maximum and minimum of point cloud data for the individual tree in the east-west and north-south directions. Individual Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), volume, and aboveground biomass were calculated, according to the tree Height-DBH model, volume table, and aboveground biomass model, respectively. The results showed that the correct recognition rate of two tree species was above 85%, and the overall average correct recognition rate was above 89.98%. The decision coefficient reached 0.8 for the individual tree height, crown width, DBH, volume, and aboveground biomass. The root mean square error of individual tree height and crown width was less than 1m. Specifically, the error of individual tree DBH was less than 2 cm, while the DBH error of rubber tree was much larger than that of areca tree. A larger DBH error was attributed that there were significant differences in the tree height among different tree species when estimating DBH value using the tree Height-DBH model. The error of individual tree volume were 0.01 and 0.05 m³ respectively. Meanwhile, the error of aboveground biomass greatly varied in the two species, particularly relating to the forest layer structure and terrain factors under the forest. Consequently, the point cloud data can be expected to improve the accuracy of forest parameters estimation, while the laser equipment can have great application potential in forest resource inventory.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Optical radar
Controlled terms:Biomass - Extraction - Forestry - Image segmentation - Interpolation - K-means clustering - Pixels - Remote sensing - Statistics - Surveying  - Timber - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Aboveground biomass - Airborne light detection and ranging - Diameter-at-breast heights - Individual tree - Individual tree parameters - Light detection and ranging - Point cloud data - Remote-sensing - Tree height - Tree species
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 741.3  Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.0  Woodlands and Forestry - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.50E+01%, Percentage 8.998E+01%, Size 1.00E-02m, Size 1.00E00m, Size 2.00E-02m, Size 5.00E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20214711217786
Title:Preparation and properties of zein-chitosan nano-nutrient delivery particles
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#37255;&#28342;&#34507;&#30333;-&#22771;&#32858;&#31958;&#32435;&#31859;&#33829;&#20859;&#36882;&#36865;&#31890;&#23376;&#30340;&#21046;&#22791;&#21450;&#24615;&#36136;
Authors:Li, Shuhong (1); Zhou, Junjun (1); Chen, Guiyun (1); Qin, Shaoshuang (1); Li, Heyu (2); Chen, Ye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin; 300457, China; (2) Tianjin Yibeijian Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin; 300457, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Ye(chenye@tust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:279-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Low oral bioavailability has posed a great challenge on some active substances such as curcumin (Cur) in functional food. Therefore, it is highly demanding for the high water solubility, chemical stabilities, absorption rate, but low metabolic rate in the active substances for the high-quality development of food industries. Currently, the protein and polysaccharide can be expected to construct nano-nutrient delivery, where the complex particles with the diameter of 100-1 000 nm can be considered as an important way to improve the stability and utilization of food-active substances. Zein can also be used to form nano-size spherical particles, thereby embedding into the active substances during antisolvent precipitation in the polar solvent. However, zein nanoparticle is prone to aggregation and precipitation in the dispersion solution. Alternatively, polysaccharides can serve as stabilizers in the preparation of zein nanoparticles. In this study, chitosan with different molecular weights was complexed with zein to fabricate zein-chitosan nanoparticles, in order to achieve the delayed-release capability by the anti-solvent precipitation. An investigation was also made on the effects of chitosan molecular weight (LC: 5&times;10⁴ Da, MC: 1&times;10⁵ Da, HC: 3.4&times;10⁵ Da), while the mass ratio of zein and chitosan (2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, 10:1) on the particle distribution, zeta potential, the loading Cur performance of zein-chitosan nanoparticles. SEM and FT-IR were selected to characterize the microstructure, morphology, and phase composition, further to elucidate the formation mechanism of composite nanoparticles. Moreover, the slow-release performance and the stability of Cur-loaded composite nanoparticles were evaluated at different pH, ionic strengths, and storage time. The results showed that the Cur-loaded composite nanoparticles presented the smaller particle size of 80.13 nm with a high zeta potential of 46.18 mV, when the mass ratio of zein to chitosan (HC) was 8:1. The encapsulation rate and the loading capacity were 82.93% and 8.29% under the optimal condition, respectively. SEM observation showed that most nanoparticles were in a regularly spherical shape and even distributed in the dispersion solution. FTIR revealed that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were the main forces for assembling nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of nanoparticles was that the Cur was scattered in the hydrophobic region of zein, whereas, chitosan surrounded the zein via the hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction to prevent further aggregation. The chitosan greatly contributed to improving the pH, ion, and storage stability of nanoparticles for the extending application, such as nutrition and drug delivery. Specifically, optimal zeta potentials (46.2 to 41.8 mV) were achieved, as the dispersity index (0.042 to 0.025) decreased significantly during 60 days of storage at room temperature. At the same time, there were no significant changes in the particle size. It indicated that the prepared nanoparticles behaved better homogeneity and storage stability, suitable for the requirements of commercial application in the particles. The release results showed that the Cur-loaded composite nanoparticles presented a low release rate of 34.27% at the first 2 hours, while the release rate increased to 75.32% after 15 hours, and finally, 76.90% of Cur was found to be released after 48 h. Sustained-release properties were found in the Cur-loaded nanoparticles for the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), compared with the free Cur. Consequently, the prepared zein-chitosan nanoparticles with excellent properties can be expected to serve as broad application prospects for nano-nutrient delivery in functional food and medicine.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Nanoparticles
Controlled terms:Chitosan - Composite materials - Convergence of numerical methods - Dispersions - Electrostatics - Hydrogen bonds - Molecular weight - Morphology - Particle size - Precipitation (chemical)  - Sodium chloride - Solubility - Water absorption - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Active substance - Anti-solvent precipitations - Chitosan nanoparticles - Composite nanoparticles - Curcumin - Nutrient delivery - Property - Release performance - Sustained release - Sustained release performance
Classification code:701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 761  Nanotechnology - 801.3  Colloid Chemistry - 801.4  Physical Chemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933  Solid State Physics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.644E-01yr, Percentage 3.427E+01%, Percentage 7.532E+01%, Percentage 7.69E+01%, Percentage 8.293E+01%, Percentage 8.29E+00%, Size 0.00E00m, Size 8.013E-08m, Time 1.728E+05s, Time 5.40E+04s, Time 7.20E+03s, Voltage 4.618E-02V, Voltage 4.62E-02V to 4.18E-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20214711217785
Title:Rapid estimation of camellia oleifera yield based on automatic detection of canopy fruits using UAV images
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#24433;&#20687;&#33258;&#21160;&#26816;&#27979;&#20896;&#23618;&#26524;&#30340;&#27833;&#33590;&#24555;&#36895;&#20272;&#20135;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Yan, Enping (1, 2, 3); Ji, Yu (1, 2, 3); Yin, Xianming (1, 2, 3); Mo, Dengkui (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing Big Data & Ecological Security for Hunan Province, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha; 410004, China; (2) Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Management and Monitoring in Southern Area, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha; 410004, China; (3) College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha; 410004, China
Corresponding authors:Mo, Dengkui(dengkuimo@csuft.edu.cn); Mo, Dengkui(dengkuimo@csuft.edu.cn); Mo, Dengkui(dengkuimo@csuft.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:39-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Rapid and accurate yield estimation is of great significance to the management and sustainable development of Camellia oleifera production. The quantity and single fruit weight of camellia fruits are crucial indicators representing the Camellia yield. Therefore, a highly efficient and accurate monitoring of the quantity and single fruit weight of Camellia fruits can contribute to saving labor, material, and financial resources, as well as timely decision-making. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing has presented a high spatial resolution, fast data acquisition, and simple operation in recent years. An optimal operation period can be selected to obtain high-resolution aerial images, and thereby to realize the crop yield estimation in a large scale using the fruit numbers. However, only a few kinds of research are focused on the estimation of Camellia yield using UAV images and fruit number identification. In this study, a rapid yield estimation of Camellia oleifera was realized via the automatic detection of canopy fruit using UAV images. Firstly, a DJI Mavic 2 PRO UAV platform and Hasselblad L1D-20C camera were utilized to obtain UAV aerial images in the study area. 120 camellia oleifera trees were selected by random sampling for close-up UAV shooting, and manual picking, and weighing. A Mask RCNN framework was then employed to automatically detect and count the canopy fruits in the sample trees using UAV close-up images. Finally, two common Linear Regression (LR) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) were used to build the relationship between the predicted fruit numbers of tree canopy and the measured. A yield estimation model was thus constructed using automatic detection of canopy fruits, according to the total numbers of sample trees and the average weight of single fruit. The results showed that: (1) There was an excellent performance of crop yield estimation via the automatic detection of canopy fruits using close-range photography of UAV, compared with the traditional method. (2) UAV ultra-low-altitude close-up images combined with Mask RCNN network effectively detected the camellia oleifera fruits under different lighting conditions, with an average F1 value of 89.91%. (3) There was well consistency between the predicted fruit numbers of tree canopy identified by Mask RCNN network and the measured, with R² higher than 0.871. (4) The yield estimation results showed that the combined LR/KNN models presented a higher accuracy of yield estimation with R² and NRMSE ranging from 0.892 to 0.913, and 28.01% to 31.00%, respectively. Consequently, the rapid yield estimation of Camellia oleifera sample trees can be achieved using automatic detection of canopy fruits from UAV images. The finding can provide highly versatile and great potential for rapid yield estimation and intelligent monitoring of the crops or trees in large areas.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Aircraft detection - Antennas - Cameras - Crops - Data acquisition - Decision making - Forestry - Nearest neighbor search - Remote sensing - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic Detection - Camellia oleifera - Canopy fruit - Crop yield - Fruit numbers - Fruit weight - Number of trees - Rapid yield estimation - Vehicle images - Yield estimation
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 821.0  Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 912.2  Management - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.801E+01% to 3.10E+01%, Percentage 8.991E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20214711217790
Title:Spatial differentiation characteristics of cultivated land multifunctional value under urban-rural gradient
Title of translation:&#22478;&#20065;&#26799;&#24230;&#19979;&#30340;&#32789;&#22320;&#22810;&#21151;&#33021;&#20215;&#20540;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24322;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Gao, Xing (1); Song, Zhaoying (1); Li, Chenxi (2); Zha, Lisi (3); Liang, Siyuan (4); Tang, Huaizhi (5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (2) School of Public Administration, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an; 710311, China; (3) School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou; 510320, China; (4) School of Politics and Public Administration, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (5) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:251-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A long-term underestimate of cultivated land has posed serious challenges to sustainable development in China. Particularly, the cost of occupying cultivated land is relatively low to threaten the future national food and ecological security in urban expansion, although the government has implemented strict cultivated land protection policies (CLPP). Therefore, the spatial differentiation of multi-functional cultivated land can contribute to improving the CLPP during this time. This study aims to explore the differentiation law of multi-function value in the cultivated land using the remote sensing images and statistics Yearbook of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China, in 2018. The specific values were also calculated, including the production function in grid-scale farmland, ecological maintenance, and social security function. A gradient analysis was introduced to determine the value differentiation of three functional unit areas. A cascade ring and sampling were also taken to the city center as the origin, where the gradient analysis was conducted on the change of values. The results showed that: 1) There was a trend of "U"-decline in the functional value of cultivated land in the study area in 2018. The peak value was found in the fourth "U" -shaped trend of inverted land under the urban-rural integration. Specifically, the total value of the unit area was 2318 669 300 Yuan. It infers that the rapid urbanization made the urban community to be the center of education, medical care, and economy. The population gradually gathered to the radiation areas of the first and second rings in the city center, where the total value of one ring per unit area was the lowest at 1,0070,764,7 million Yuan. The functional value of 1-4 loop increased, whereas, that of 7-10 loop decreased significantly. Among them, the ecological maintenance function made the largest contribution rate to the total functional value of arable land, with more than 49%. The social security function accounted for about 30% of the total value. The material production function was the lowest value, representing about 19%. The data demonstrated that the non-productive function value in the cultivated land was much higher than that of the production function. 2) Cascade ring analysis found that the highest value appeared in Ring 1-4, namely 10-40km away from the city center. The material production function was found in the fourth ring, while that in the 6th-10 ring decreased significantly, where the unit output value of 463.5446 million yuan, and the peak of 122.413 million Yuan. The largest value of social security function was dominated by location factors, where the first area value of 847 2276 million Yuan. 3) Strip analysis was found that the functional value of cultivated land in the north and south belt presented an inverted U-type trend of "rising and decreasing", and the ecological maintenance function presented a symmetrical "M" -shape. The value of social security function in the east-west section changed significantly in the west, whereas, the value of ecological maintenance function changed dramatically in the eastern part of the study area. Consequently, the findings can provide scientific suggestions for the planned promotion of multi-functional land use and the optimal allocation of cultivated land resources.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economics - Farms - Population statistics - Remote sensing - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:City centers - Cultivated lands - Gradient effect - Maintenance functions - Multifunctional value - Production function - Security functions - Shijiazhuang - Social Security - Total values
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.90E+01%, Percentage 3.00E+01%, Percentage 4.90E+01%, Size 1.00E+04m to 4.00E+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20214711217814
Title:Effects of carbon dioxide regulation during early incubation stage on the hatching embryos of layer eggs
Title of translation:&#23413;&#21270;&#21069;&#26399;&#20108;&#27687;&#21270;&#30899;&#35843;&#25511;&#23545;&#34507;&#40481;&#31181;&#34507;&#23413;&#21270;&#32986;&#32974;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Tong, Qin (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Lirong (1, 2); Liu, Chang (1, 2); Zheng, Weichao (1, 2, 3); Han, Shengqiang (1, 2, 4); Li, Du (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou; 213168, China; (5) Beijing Huadu Yukou Poultry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing; 101206, China
Corresponding authors:Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn); Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn); Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:177-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Environmental parameters generally determine the incubation performance and chick quality, one of which is carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>). However, the mechanism still remains unclear, particularly the effects of high CO<inf>2</inf> levels during early incubation on the hatching quality. In this study, three batches of fertile eggs from Jinghong No. 1 were incubated in two small-scale incubators, in order to investigate the influence of normal and higher CO<inf>2</inf> levels during the early stage of incubation (0-10 d). The treatment and control incubator maintained the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration of 1% and below 0.25%, respectively. The incubators were also swapped for the next batch. A higher CO<inf>2</inf> level was controlled during the incubation using a purpose-built system with CO<inf>2</inf> sensors and a CO<inf>2</inf> gas adding unit. The specific parameters were measured, including hatchability, chick quality, embryo weight, and relative embryo weight at the 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, and 18th day, vascular development density of allantoic chorion (CAM) at day 11, albumen pH at day 0, day 3, day 6, day 9, day 12 and day 15, and the calcium content of eggshells and embryos at day 0, day 6 and day 12. The results showed that the CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations in the treatment and control incubator were achieved the target levels of about (0.96&plusmn;0.04)%, lower than 0.25%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in hatchability and fertilized egg hatchability, where were (89.17&plusmn;2.53)% and (91.57&plusmn;1.03)% in the treatment and control group, respectively. Moreover, the higher CO<inf>2</inf> during early stage did not have much effect on the chick quality. The vascular development density of CAM on the 11th day had no significant difference between the treated and control groups, because the O<inf>2</inf> concentration was maintained around (20.2&plusmn;0.1)%. There was also no significant difference in the calcium content of eggshells and embryos in the treated and control groups (P&gt;0.05), but the calcium content of embryos increased significantly from day 6 to day 12 in both groups (P&lt;0.05). However, the embryo weight and relative embryo weight in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group on the 9th and 12th day (P&lt;0.05), but they were not consistent on day 6, day 15, and day 18 (P&gt;0.05). The effect of higher CO<inf>2</inf> on the embryo weight only occurred around the final stage of CO<inf>2</inf> stimulation. The reason was that the liquefaction of protein by CO<inf>2</inf> contributed greatly to promote the embryo absorption of nutrients from the protein, thereby accelerating embryonic development. But the effects just remained for a short term, until the CO<inf>2</inf> level was lower. Furthermore, the albumen pH in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, due mainly to the higher external CO<inf>2</inf> level, particularly the significant differences on the 3^rd, 6th, and 9th days. The overall change trend of protein pH value increased first and then decreased, finally reaching the peak on day 3. Consequently, 1% CO<inf>2</inf> treatment during the early stage of incubation (0-10 d) lowered the protein pH, while accelerated the embryo development without affecting the hatchability and chick quality.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Calcium - Cams - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Calcium content - CO 2 concentration - Control groups - Development density - Embryonic development - Environmental parameter - Hatchability - Hatching - Treatment group - Vascular development
Classification code:549.2  Alkaline Earth Metals - 601.3  Mechanisms - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 2.50E-01%, Size 3.048E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20214711217900
Title:Non-destructive detection of pork myoglobin content based on hyperspectral technology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#25216;&#26415;&#30340;&#29482;&#32905;&#32908;&#32418;&#34507;&#30333;&#21547;&#37327;&#26080;&#25439;&#26816;&#27979;
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Hu, Jinyao (1); Fang, Junlong (1); Chen, Xi (1); Li, Chuang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electricity and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Junlong(junlongfang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:287-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Hyperspectral imaging system can widely be expected to acquire a set of sample images within certain spectral bands in each pixel at the same time. In this study, rapid detection was proposed for the myoglobin content in pork samples using spectral images and deep learning. The pork was placed under the cold storage conditions at 4&#8451;, where a total of 250 pork samples were settled at different times (0-5 d). A hyperspectral imager was used to collect the pork hyperspectral images (400 to 1 000 nm). ENVI5.3 software was also selected to determine the region of interest (ROI) in the hyperspectral images, thereby extracting the full-band average spectrum and principal component image of ROI. Subsequently, a Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter was used to denoise the spectral information for the curve smoothness and spectral resolution. A convolutional auto encoder (CAE) was utilized to extract spectral depth features. A prediction model was finally established for the content of deoxymyolglobin (DeoMb), oxymyoglobin (OxyMb), and metmyoglobin (MetMb) in the pork samples. The results showed that the determination coefficients of test datasets were 0.923 8, 0.920 3, and 0.909 2, and the root mean square errors (RMSE) were 0.033 4, 0.619 7, and 0.809 1, respectively. Furthermore, the image information of adjacent wavelengths was highly correlated against the image extraction and storage. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral images for better storage and processing. As such, the images under all bands were linearly combined to form a principal component image in the ENVI5.3 software. The first three principal component images represented 90.62% of the original hyperspectral image, where the contribution rate of the first principal component was 88.50%, indicating the most information. Therefore, the first principal component image was selected for the subsequent image extraction. The first principal component image was unified to the size of 16&times;16 pixels, and then converted into a 768-dimensional column vector for the extraction of image depth features using a convolutional encoder. DeoM, OxyMb, and MetMb content prediction models were established using image depth features, in which the determination coefficients of test datasets were 0.772 1, 0.828 7, and 0.825 4, while the RMSE of prediction were 0.105 8, 1.302 7, and 1.566 7. The spectral and image features were fused at the data level, and then the fusion data was input into the CAE to extract the deep fusion features. The DeoMb, OxyMb, and MetMb content prediction models were also established using the fusion depth features. The determination coefficients of test datasets were 0.964 5, 0.973 2, and 0.958 5, while the RMSE of prediction were 0.015 8, 0.226 6, and 0.381 6. Obviously, the determination coefficients of the test dataset were improved, while the RMSE were reduced, compared with the individual image and spectrum information. Partial least square regression (PLSR) and support vector machine regression (SVR) prediction models were also established to further verify the relationship between the graph-spectrum fusion feature and pork myoglobin. It was found that the determination coefficients of the test dataset were greater than 0.85. Consequently, the convolutional autoencoder can be expected to extract the deep fusion features of image and spectral information. Moreover, the fusion features can better reflect the internal and external information of pork. The CNN regression model using the fusion features can also be used to improve the prediction accuracy. This finding can provide a new better way to detect the myoglobin content in pork using hyperspectral imaging.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Convolution
Controlled terms:Convolutional neural networks - Deep learning - Digital storage - Extraction - Hyperspectral imaging - Image segmentation - Mean square error - Meats - Pixels - Principal component analysis  - Signal encoding - Spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Auto encoders - Convolutional autoencoder - Convolutional neural network - Depth features - Determination coefficients - Fusion features - Nondestructive detection - Prediction modelling - Principal Components - Spectral feature
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 746  Imaging Techniques - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 822.3  Food Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.85E+01%, Percentage 9.062E+01%, Size 0.00E00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20214711218107
Title:Study on temperature field of grain piles in underground grain silos lined with plastic
Title of translation:&#20869;&#34924;&#22609;&#26009;&#22320;&#19979;&#31918;&#39135;&#31570;&#20179;&#31918;&#22534;&#28201;&#24230;&#22330;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Zhang, Xiangxiang (1); Zhang, Hao (1); Wang, Zhenqing (1); Chen, Xi (1); Chen, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hao(zzbright@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to explore the temperature changes of grain piles in underground grain silos during storage. The research object was taken as a corn grain pile with 23% high moisture content and a weight of 15 tons, while the underground grain silo with an inner diameter of 3m and a height of 5 m. Firstly, the change of temperature field was analyzed experimentally under static storage conditions. Secondly, the multi-physics software COMSOL was selected to simulate the grain bins with the same size, boundary conditions and height using the theory of heat transfer in porous media. The actual pile height was also utilized to fully consider the influence of grain respiration on the distribution of temperature field in the pile during simulation. A comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data was made to investigate the influence of different initial grain temperatures, grain types and loading seasons on the temperature field in the warehouse. The results show that the grain respiration was strong during the static storage stage. Specifically, the grain pile started to heat up at the bottom, and gradually formed a high-temperature heat core with 22.5&#8451; locating on the place, where was 1m radial and 2m axial from the physical core. Then, the position of heat core moved gradually to the middle and upper part of grain pile, and finally stabilized at the place where was 1m below the grain loading line, resulting in the obvious stratification in the temperature of grain pile. Furthermore, the spatial domain of air temperature descended from 15.1 to 12.2&#8451; in the bin at ambient temperature. The temperature changes of grain layers in the whole experiment chamber were almost unaffected by the air domain temperature, except the fourth layer of grain stack. More importantly, there was a great increase in the temperature of grain pile under various initial grain temperature (5, 15, 25 and 35&#8451;). Specifically, the final temperatures of grain pile in the silo were 9.5 and 16.8&#8451;, with an temperature increase of 4.5&#8451; and 1.8&#8451;, when the initial grain temperatures were 5 and 15&#8451;, respectively. The peak values of stack temperature in the silo were 19.2, 26.3 and 41.1&#8451;, when the initial grain temperatures were 17.9, 25 and 35&#8451;, respectively. The highest increase in temperature was 6.1&#8451; for the grain pile in the warehouse, when the initial grain temperature was 35&#8451;. Nevertheless, the temperature declined after the peak. Among five kinds of grain pile (corn, rapeseed, soybean, wheat, and rice), the highest increase in the average temperature was 1.6&#8451; in the rapeseed pile, whereas, the lowest increase was 1.2&#8451; in the corn pile. External environment temperature in different seasons (spring: 17th April to 10th May; Summer: 17th July to 9th August; Autumn: 17th October to 9th November; Winter: 17th January to 9th February) presented little effect on the grain pile temperature in the silo, indicating that the temperature of grain pile in the silo behaved a consistent trend of change under different seasonal conditions. Consequently, the finding can provide a sound reference for practical engineering during storage of high moisture grain in underground silos.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Crops - Digital storage - Grain (agricultural product) - Heat transfer - Moisture determination - Numerical models - Piles - Porous materials - Temperature sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Corn - Corn grain - Grain respiration - Grain temperature - High moisture contents - Research object - Static storage - Temperature changes - Temperature field - Underground grain silo
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements - 944.5  Temperature Measuring Instruments - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.50E+04kg, Percentage 2.30E+01%, Size 1.00E00m, Size 2.00E+00m, Size 3.00E+00m, Size 5.00E+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20214711217799
Title:Comparison of three water stress algorithms based on the integration platform of wheat model algorithms
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#23567;&#40614;&#27169;&#22411;&#31639;&#27861;&#38598;&#25104;&#24179;&#21488;&#30340;&#19977;&#31181;&#27700;&#20998;&#32961;&#36843;&#31639;&#27861;&#27604;&#36739;
Authors:Chen, Xianguan (1); Feng, Liping (1); Bai, Huiqing (1); Yu, Weidong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Liping(fenglp@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:47-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Drought has posed an ever-increasing impact on agricultural production in recent years. A crop model has widely been an effective tool to explore the effects of drought on agriculture. Accurately simulating water stress in a crop model is a key step to assess the effect of drought impact on crop growth and development in field. In this study, three algorithms of water stress were integrated into a standard platform, where three kinds of water stress models were composed of: average Soil Water Content (SWC), Water Supply to Demand ratio model (WS/WD), and Actual to Potential Transpiration ratio model (AP/TP). The parameters of models were calibrated and verified using field observation data in the irrigation experiment from 2017 to 2019 in Wuqiao, Hebei Province, and literature data of irrigation experiment from 2008 to 2009 and 2013 to 2016. Five irrigation scenarios were designed, including rainfed, one irrigation (75 mm), two irrigations (150 mm), three irrigations (225 mm), and four irrigations (300 mm). The results showed that simulated values fully represented the measured ones with a reasonable error range under different water stress models. Therefore, the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) values of root depth, root biomass, anthesis, and maturity were 10.2%, 17.1%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The NRMSE values of leaf area index, above-ground biomass, soil water content, and yield under three models ranged from 26.6%-33.1%, 14.0%-16.5%, 5.1%-8.8%, and 5.4%-7.7%, respectively. There was also a difference in the occurrence time and severity of water deficit that was simulated by three water stress models during the wheat growing season. Nevertheless, there was a consistent trend of interannual water stress factors. Furthermore, the factors of water stress simulated by the SWC and the WS/WD model was relatively higher than those by the AP/TP model. The water stress simulated by the three models in wet years was lighter than that in dry years. There was an earlier occurrence of drought that was predicted by the AP/TP model, whereas, the latter by the WS/WD and SWC model. Precipitation during the growing season dominated the variations of water stress factors under rain-fed conditions, which were 56%, 56%, and 39% in the SWC, WS/WD and AT/PT models, respectively. In addition, there were different effects of three water stress models on the winter wheat yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation water use efficiency. Specifically, the grain yield improved greatly, while the water use efficiency increased first and then decreased, whereas, the irrigation water use efficiency decreased under three models, as the irrigation times increased. There was obviously distinguished from the yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation water use efficiency in the three models. Particularly, the trends of irrigation water use efficiency were different under various water treatments. The SWC, WS/WD, and AT/PT models simulated that the yields in four irrigation treatments were 163%, 132% and 92% higher than those of rain-fed treatment, respectively, and the irrigated water use efficiencies under four irrigation treatments were 26.8%, 12.3%, and 40.0% lower than those under one irrigation. The highest water use efficiency simulated by WS/WD was found in the three irrigation treatments in dry years, three irrigation treatments in normal years, and two irrigation treatments in wet years. Correspondingly, the WS/WD model performed the best, while the SWC model was the second, and the AP/TP model was the third, particularly in the water decision-making of winter wheat in Wuqiao County. Consequently, it is vital to fully consider the differences in three algorithms on the wheat growth and development under different water stress, thereby to improving the reliability of crop models on drought impact assessment and water management of winter wheat.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Biomass - Drought - Economics - Irrigation - Mean square error - Parameter estimation - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture - Water management  - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Algorithm comparison - Irrigation treatments - Precipitation year type - Soil water content - Stress models - Three models - Water stress - Water use efficiency - Waters managements - WMAIP
Classification code:443.3  Precipitation - 444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 1.02E+01%, Percentage 1.20E+00%, Percentage 1.23E+01%, Percentage 1.32E+02%, Percentage 1.40E+01% to 1.65E+01%, Percentage 1.63E+02%, Percentage 1.71E+01%, Percentage 2.66E+01% to 3.31E+01%, Percentage 2.68E+01%, Percentage 3.90E+01%, Percentage 4.00E+01%, Percentage 5.10E+00% to 8.80E+00%, Percentage 5.40E+00% to 7.70E+00%, Percentage 5.60E+01%, Percentage 9.20E+01%, Size 1.50E-01m, Size 2.25E-01m, Size 3.00E-01m, Size 5.12318E+01m to 5.12826E+01m, Size 7.50E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20214711217793
Title:Dynamic characteristics analysis of the gear reducer of ring mold granulators
Title of translation:&#29615;&#27169;&#21046;&#31890;&#26426;&#40831;&#36718;&#20943;&#36895;&#22120;&#21160;&#21147;&#23398;&#29305;&#24615;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Na, Risu (1, 2); Jia, Kaifa (1); Li, Xin (1); Li, Shuai (1); Zhang, Weiguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Hydraulic Transmission and Control Engineering Technology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot; 010051, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:15-23
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Serious vibration in most mechanical equipment has posed a great impact on the production efficiency of agricultural goods and the service life of key parts. Many efforts have been made on the influence of external excitation on the vibration generation, transmission, and even reduction at present. However, there are only a few studies on the influence of internal excitation on vibration in the ring mold granulator, such as the ring mold and pressing roller. Taking the gear reducer of the 420 ring mold granulator as the research object, this study aims to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the complex transmission, large vibration, and short service life of key parts. The time-varying meshing stiffness and meshing error of helical gears were attributed to the internal excitation of transmission system. A cumulative integral potential energy was used to calculate the time-varying meshing stiffness of gear reducer in a ring mold granulator, thereby determineing the variation of meshing stiffness. Then, a six degree of freedom (DOF) dynamic model was established to determine some parameters for the helical gear transmission system in a ring mold granulator. Since the dynamic response clearly reflected the gear vibration, a modal analysis of transmission was made to effectively avoid the nonlinear dynamic resonance. At the same time, a systematic evaluation was carried out to explore the effects of meshing stiffness and comprehensive meshing error on the dynamic response of helical gear transmission. More importantly, the obtained meshing stiffness of helical gear was utilized to optimize the dynamic response of system for a higher installation accuracy in regular maintenance. Furthermore, a finite element (FE) software was used to verify the accuracy of natural frequency in the dynamic model. A spindle torque test of granulator was also carried out to measure the torque time-domain curve. Fourier transform (FT) was then utilized to transformed into the power spectrum curve. A spectrum analysis demonstrated that there was no resonance of main motor with the transmission system, although the complex internal excitation of a granulator from the torque fluctuation. Additionally, an acceleration vibration test was performed on the whole machine and helical gear transmission. The curve of vibration time domain was measured to transform into the vibration frequency domain. The vibration characteristics of helical gear transmission were analyzed to verify the internal excitation in the whole granulator. Finally, the curve of vibration time-domain was integrated to obtain the displacement fluctuation. The test and theoretical calculation of dynamic response indicated that the internal excitation was an important reason for the vibration of the whole machine.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Dynamic response
Controlled terms:Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Errors - Frequency domain analysis - Helical gears - Modal analysis - Molds - Potential energy - Power transmission - Resonance - Spectrum analysis  - Stiffness - Time domain analysis - Time series analysis - Torque - Transmissions - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Gear dynamics - Gear reducers - Helical gear transmissions - Key parts - Meshing errors - Meshing stiffness - Time domain - Time varying meshing stiffness - Transmission systems - Vibration
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 921  Mathematics - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.1  Mechanics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20214711217861
Title:Differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of cultivated land use intensity in China
Title of translation:&#20013;&#22269;&#32789;&#22320;&#21033;&#29992;&#24378;&#24230;&#20998;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Song, Hengfei (1, 2); Xin, Liangjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Liangjie(xinlj@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:212-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The transition of cultivated land use has led to the simultaneous existence of cultivated land intensification and marginalization in China. Two-way change can also cause the intensity differentiation of cultivated land use in recent years. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differentiation characteristics of cultivated land-use intensity under both arable land marginalization and intensification. Firstly, an explanation was made on the intensity differentiation of cultivated land use. Secondly, a model was built to measure the regional differentiation of cultivated land use by the modified coefficient of variation. Thirdly, measurement was carried out for the differentiated changing of cultivated land-use intensity and the influencing factors in China from 2000 to 2014. Results showed that the spatial distribution of cultivated land-use intensity was characterized as 'low in the middle and high around'. There was also a trend of temporal expansion of cultivated land-use intensity at the national and regional scales, while central China showed a trend of spatial contraction. Furthermore, the intensity of cultivated land use presented expansions in most provinces, and contractions in a few provinces in terms of time changing. The differentiation degree of cultivated land use at provincial scale was smaller than that at national and regional scales in terms of spatial variation. There were also significant differences in the cultivated land-use intensity among different provinces. There were more obvious differentiation and expansion characteristics of farm chemicals and chemical fertilizer inputs, indicating that the balance contributed to improving the cultivated land-use intensity. The geographic detector model and Geographically-Weighted Regression (GWR) model were used to estimate the global and local parameters for the influencing factors of regional difference in the intensity index of provincial cultivated land use. It was found that the regional differences of cultivated land-use intensity at provincial scale were dominated mainly by the operation and management factors, such as transfer and area per capita of cultivated land, whereas, a relatively weak influence by the natural conditions, such as cultivated land quality and topographic relief. At the same time, a Moran'I test was performed on the intensity index of cultivated land use in provincial units. It was found that there was a significant spatial correlation in the intensity indexes of cultivated land use among provinces. Then, the GWR revealed that there was more obvious spatial differentiation from the effects of socio-economic conditions than that from the cultivated land management and natural foundation. Correspondingly, there was also a much weaker effect of natural basic conditions on the differentiation of cultivated land-use intensity, than that of cultivated land management and socio-economic conditions on the global and local scales in the geographical detector and GWR. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the control of agricultural infrastructure construction and biochemical inputs, such as pesticides and fertilizers. More importantly, some specific agricultural production factors can also be integrated to constantly improve the land market for the diversified business entities in modern agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Economics - Expansion - Fertilizers - Indicators (chemical) - Regression analysis
Uncontrolled terms:China - Cultivated land intensity - Cultivated lands - Differentiation - Geographically weighted regression - Land managements - Marginalization - Regional differences - Regional scale - Socio-economic conditions
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20214711217855
Title:Design of special cold chain pallet and its temperature-controlled transport performance test
Title of translation:&#20919;&#38142;&#19987;&#29992;&#33988;&#20919;&#25176;&#30424;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#25511;&#28201;&#36816;&#36755;&#24615;&#33021;&#27979;&#35797;
Authors:Liu, Guanghai (1); Ma, Pingchuan (1); Li, Qingting (1); Liang, Minghua (1); Xie, Ruhe (1); Wu, Junzhang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou; 510006, China; (2) Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova; 35131, Italy
Corresponding author:Xie, Ruhe(583385752@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:295-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The largest number of fruits and vegetables are produced annually in the world, particularly in traditional agriculture in China. Correspondingly, refrigerated transportation is a crucial link to ensure the safety and quality of perishable food in a fully cold chain logistics. However, the transport of refrigerated vehicles still is less utilized nowadays, due mainly to the relatively high initial and maintenance costs, such as high energy consumption and expensive manual labor. Since an integrated vehicle body with a cold storage device is mostly adopted in the current equipment, there is an inevitable mismatch between the charging amount of phase change material (PCM) and transportation time, temperature with a narrow range, as well as a high center of gravity. Therefore, the purpose of this study aimed to design and construct a special PCM pallet for better temperature-control performance in the cold chain. The novel PCM pallet was also integrated with the standard pallet, cold storage container, and PCM pack, particularly suitable for the cold chain environment over the whole process from the cold product storage to transportation. A split PCM pallet and can were adopted to independently install at the bottom of the carriage. As such, the system was charged with the cooling thermal energy (CTE) using off-peak electricity at night. The specific procedure was as follows. The goods were first loaded onto the pallet, according to the required transportation of perishable food, while the PCM pack was then put into the pallet, and the forklift was finally inserted into the insulated truck for transportation. The CTE capacity was adjusted flexibly in this system, according to the actual needs of the transport goods, compared with only a limited CTE capacity in the traditional cold storage refrigerated vehicles. A performance test of temperature-control transport was also performed on a newly-developed platform for 100, 200, and 300kg PCM pallets. The results showed that the mean temperatures were 9.3 &#8451;, 6.9 &#8451;, and 6.7 &#8451;, respectively, while the temperature-control time reached 19.1, 42.2, and 65.3 h, respectively, in the three PCM pallets during the temperature-control stage without an air supply. Furthermore, the mean temperatures were 5.7 &#8451;, 4.6 &#8451; and 3.3 &#8451; when the fan was turned on, 3.6 &#8451;, 2.3 &#8451; and 3.4 &#8451; lower than that without an air supply. At the same time, the temperature-control time reached 21.5, 41.5, and 70.2 h, indicating all the same without an air supply. More importantly, the CTE capacity was flexibly controllable for the transportation time and required temperature range. Nevertheless, there was a seriously uneven temperature field in the 300kg PCM on the horizontal and upper layers of carriage without wind, where the temperature difference between sections reached up to 3.2 &#8451;. In addition, the mean temperature difference was reduced to less than 0.5 &#8451; in the cross section, when opening the fan, 84.4% lower than before. Consequently, the absolute temperature in the 300 kg PCM plate can be expected to reduce by 52.0% for the insulated vehicle, compared with the traditional. The center of mass of the vehicle was also reduced by 47.3%, compared with the overhead PCM refrigerated vehicle. The finding can provide a sound reference for the application and optimized design in the PCM-based transportation equipment.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Containers - Energy utilization - Pallets - Phase change materials - Refrigeration - Storage management - Temperature control - Trucks
Uncontrolled terms:Air supply - Cold chain - Control time - Energy-capacity - Mean temperature - Performance tests - Phase change material pallet - Refrigerated - Temperature field - Transportation time
Classification code:525.3  Energy Utilization - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 644.1  Refrigeration Methods - 644.3  Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 691.1  Materials Handling Equipment - 694.4  Storage - 723.3  Database Systems - 731.3  Specific Variables Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.00E+02kg, Percentage 4.73E+01%, Percentage 5.20E+01%, Percentage 8.44E+01%, Time 2.3508E+05s, Time 2.5272E+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20214711218114
Title:Development of the partition variable irrigation system for greenhouse planting Fritillaria cirrhosa
Title of translation:&#22823;&#26842;&#31181;&#26893;&#24029;&#36125;&#27597;&#20998;&#21306;&#21464;&#37327;&#28748;&#28297;&#31995;&#32479;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Liao, Min (1, 2); Su, Chao (1, 2); Zhang, Yu (1, 2); Yang, Yajun (1, 2); Zhang, Qiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Modern Agricultural Equipment Research Institution, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:108-116
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Fritillaria cirrhosa is one of the most precious traditional Chinese medicines. Some characteristics, like being fond of humidity and fearing of high humidity, have posed a great challenge to the artificial irrigation of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The intelligent precision irrigation system can be expected to realize the water-saving irrigation on demand in recent years. In this study, a partition system of variable rate Fritillaria Cirrhosa irrigation was developed using the wireless sensor network. An investigation was made on the impact of growth age, planting season, soil, and planting density on the required irrigation water of Fritillaria cirrhosa in the process of artificial cultivation between April 2018 and December 2020. A capacitance analyzer was also selected to detect the soil moisture content. The water demand was thus obtained for the Fritillaria cirrhosa growth and irrigation water in planting soil. As such, the required and planting soil moisture content model was established for the growth of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The results showed that the required soil moisture content of Fritillaria Cirrhosa growth increased, with the increase of planting density, in addition to the factor of Fritillaria cirrhosa growth age. A fuzzy control strategy model was established for the application of partition variable irrigation of Fritillaria cirrhosa. A double-input and simple-output structure was adopted for the fuzzy controller. The input variables were the planting density c and the difference value e between the required soil moisture content for Fritillaria cirrhosa growth and the planting one. The output variable was the increment of soil moisture content u during irrigation. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was utilized to optimize the quantification factors of fuzzy control, K<inf>e</inf> and K<inf>c</inf>, the scale factor K<inf>u</inf>, the fuzzy control rules, as well as the membership function, in order to achieve an accurate decision on the irrigation water of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The irrigation water was also applied under the different planting densities, seasons, and growing ages. A field irrigation process was conducted in the greenhouse of Fritillaria cirrhosa using the partition variable irrigation technology, according to the increment of irrigation soil moisture content u. The experimental results showed that a better water-saving effect of irrigation was achieved using fuzzy control optimized by GA. The increment of soil moisture content was distributed between 5% to 7%, and the consumption of irrigation water decreased significantly. The error of optimized variable irrigation was around &plusmn;5% under the specific planting density of Fritillaria cirrhosa, where satisfied the irrigation demand as required water amount of Fritillaria cirrhosa growth. The required irrigation water also increased linearly, with the increase of planting density of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Correspondingly, there was a parabolic relationship between the water-saving rate of partition variable irrigation and the planting density ratio of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The optimum water-saving rate was achieved, where the standard planting density and the annual water-saving rate reached more than 27.6%. This finding can provide a sound reference and technical support to the strategy of planting density and water-saving irrigation for Fritillaria Cirrhosa.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Genetic algorithms
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Fuzzy control - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Membership functions - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water management - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Fritillaria - Fritillaria cirrhosa - Irrigation systems - Irrigation waters - Planting density - Savings rates - Soil moisture content - Variable rate irrigations - Water-saving - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.3  Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921  Mathematics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.76E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00% to 7.00E+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20214711217831
Title:Image segmentation of maize stubble row based on SVM
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25903;&#25345;&#21521;&#37327;&#26426;&#30340;&#29577;&#31859;&#26681;&#33580;&#34892;&#22270;&#20687;&#20998;&#21106;
Authors:Wang, Chunlei (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Jiang, Shan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (North Hebei), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding authors:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn); Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:117-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate identification of maize stubble row has widely dominated the automatic row-followed seeding using machine vision. However, it is difficult to segment the images of stubble row in the maize stubble field harvested by combine harvesters, due mainly to the indistinct chromaticity difference with naked land surface and maize residues. In this study, image segmentation was presented using a support vector machine (SVM), in order to realize precise and rapid segmentation of the maize stubble row. Firstly, principal component analysis (PCA) was used for dimensionality reduction and feature optimization of the dataset, where the specific features were selected to distinguish standing stubble, naked land surface, and maize residues. Especially, the 1 500 sample images of standing stubble, 1500 sample images of the naked land surface, and 1 500 sample images of maize residues were collected, while, 2 210 features containing 697 color features, and 1 513 texture features were obtained using sample images. Then, PCA was used to choose 21 color features of the standing stubble, naked land surface, and maize residues in the R, G, B, L, a, b, v, YIQ-V and YCbCr-Y components from the datasets. The selected color features were constructed into a 21-dimensional feature vector, which was used as the input of the standing stubble SVM recognition model. Secondly, the region of interest (ROI) was selected in the middle of the image with the integrated maize stubble row for the higher efficiency of image segmentation. Finally, the trained SVM recognition model was used for the slide detection of standing stubble within the ROI with a window of 25&times;25(pixel). If the currently detected window was standing stubble in slide detection, the grayscale value would be set to 255. The maize stubble row was segmented by a threshold when the slide detection was complete. The segmented binary image was then optimized using the morphological open operation processing with a disc-shaped structural element with a radius of 2 pixels. Furthermore, 100 test images were collected to verify the segmentation performance from the Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation (North Hebei), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Zhuozhou City, China in October 2019. The capture size was divided into 4 classes, including 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg/m², according to the quality of maize residues between rows. At the same time, each class included the front lighting on a sunny day, direct sunlight, backlight on a sunny and cloudy day. Moreover, the images of the 0 kg/m² class also involved different shapes and surface moisture contents, due to the change of time and weather. The results revealed that the algorithm presented higher accuracy and robustness for the stubble row segmentation under various maize residues quality between rows and different lighting conditions. The average recognition accuracy of standing stubble was 93.8% in the SVM recognition model, whereas, those were 62.76% and 63.71% in the BPNN and ELM model, respectively. The average segmentation accuracy, average recall rate, and F1<inf>avr</inf> in the SVM recognition model were 93.72%,92.35% and 93.03%, respectively, whereas, those in the BPNN, ELM and genetic models were 61.88%, 86.94%, 72.3%, 62.92%, 88.75%, 73.63%, 90.13%, 51.36% and 65.43%, respectively. Additionally, the average processing time was 0.06 s for a 640&times;480(pixel) image using the SVM recognition models, indicating excellent real-time performance. Therefore, the SVM recognition model can widely be expected to realize better performance than others in the segmentation of the maize stubble row after the maize is harvested by the combine harvesters.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Binary images - Color - Computer vision - Image segmentation - Image texture - Land use - Optimization - Pixels  - Principal component analysis - Surface measurement - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Color features - Combine harvesters - Images segmentations - Land surface - Machine recognition - Machine-vision - Maize stubble row - Principal-component analysis - Recognition models - Support vectors machine
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 741.1  Light/Optics - 741.2  Vision - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Linear density 0.00E00kg/m, Linear density 3.00E+00kg/m, Percentage 5.136E+01%, Percentage 6.188E+01%, Percentage 6.276E+01%, Percentage 6.292E+01%, Percentage 6.371E+01%, Percentage 6.543E+01%, Percentage 7.23E+01%, Percentage 7.363E+01%, Percentage 8.694E+01%, Percentage 8.875E+01%, Percentage 9.013E+01%, Percentage 9.235E+01%, Percentage 9.303E+01%, Percentage 9.372E+01%, Percentage 9.38E+01%, Time 6.00E-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20214711218106
Title:Promoting the growth of weaned rabbits in open shed in winter using thermostatic drinking system
Title of translation:&#24658;&#28201;&#39278;&#27700;&#31995;&#32479;&#20419;&#36827;&#24320;&#25918;&#33293;&#20908;&#23395;&#26029;&#22902;&#20180;&#20820;&#29983;&#38271;
Authors:Shan, Chunhua (1); Fu, Wei (1, 2); Tang, Yuhan (1, 3); Guo, Yao (1); Wang, Qiangjun (1); Du, Haoxuan (1); Li, Mingyong (4); Liu, Man (4); Liu, Zhongying (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu; 610041, China; (3) Zhaotong Technology Promotion Workstation of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhaotong; 657000, China; (4) Qingdao Kangda Rabbit Industry Development Co., Ltd., Qingdao; 266400, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zhonghong(wuzhh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:192-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cold stress of livestock easily occurs in open sheds of cold areas during winter, due mainly to the relatively low thermal insulation under the low temperature conditions. As such, cold drinking water can further deteriorate the health and growth of young livestock. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of drinking warm water in winter on the health and growth performance of weaned rabbits. A total of 180 weaned rabbits (47 days of age) with similar body weight (initial body weight 1.2&plusmn;0.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups, either warm water (WW) or cold water (CW) (90 rabbits in each group). An electrical heating wire was also used to heat the warm water, where the water pipe was covered with insulated foam coating. A thermostatic controller was selected to remain at a constant temperature (35.5 &plusmn; 1.1&#8451;) during the experiment. The cold water was prepared at (5.8 &plusmn; 2.3) &#8451; without heating. A 48-day test was carried out to measure various indicators. The results showed that: 1) The indoor average air temperature was (8.9&plusmn;3.2)&#8451; during the experiment. The average daily weight gain of rabbits in warm water group was significantly higher than that in cold water group during 47-58 days and 47-94 days, respectively, by 15.11 kg/d and 1.94 kg/d (P&lt;0.05).. 2) The feed-weight ratio of rabbits was significantly lower in the warm water group than that in the cold water group during 47~58 days (18.2%) (P &lt; 0.05). But there was no significant difference during the rest. In addition, the risk of diarrhea in rabbits drinking warm water was significantly reduced by 25.6% during 47~94 days (P &lt; 0.05), compared with the cold water group. The expressions of thyroid hormone receptor &alpha; and &beta; (THR &alpha; and &beta;) in jejunum were significantly down-regulated on 70 days in rabbits drinking warm water (P &lt; 0.05). 3) The contents of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and total protein (TP) in serum increased significantly for the rabbits drinking warm water, with the increase of age, especially on 82 days (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the abundance of Roseburia increased in the cecum of rabbits on 82 days in the warm water group, relating to nutrient digestion and absorption, indicating 6.9 times higher than that of 58-day old rabbits (P &lt; 0.05). Consequently, the constant temperature drinking system in the open sheds in winter can be expected to improve the immunity, intestinal digestion, and absorption capacity, thereby promoting the growth and health of weaned rabbits. The finding can provide theoretical support to improve the survival rate and production efficiency of weaned rabbits in open houses in cold areas.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Anthropometry - Automobile bodies - Health - Potable water - Thermal insulation - Water pipelines
Uncontrolled terms:Body weight - Cold area - Cold waters - Constant temperature - Open shed - Production performance - Thermostatic drinking system - Warm water - Weaned rabbit - Winter
Classification code:413.2  Heat Insulating Materials - 444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 461.3  Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 662.4  Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.2878E-01yr, Age 1.2878E-01yr to 1.5892E-01yr, Age 1.2878E-01yr to 2.5756E-01yr, Age 1.918E-01yr, Age 2.2468E-01yr, Mass 1.20E+00kg, Mass 1.511E+01kg, Mass 1.94E+00kg, Percentage 1.82E+01%, Percentage 2.56E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20214711218091
Title:Effects of different improvement measures on soil fertility and the tomato quality of facilities vegetables
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#25913;&#33391;&#25514;&#26045;&#23545;&#35774;&#26045;&#34092;&#33756;&#22303;&#22756;&#32933;&#21147;&#21644;&#30058;&#33540;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Fan, Shuanxi (1, 2); Cui, Jiaxi (1); Li, Dan (1); Fu, Lintao (3); He, Xiaoyun (4); Wen, Jie (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography and Environment Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji; 721013, China; (2) Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation, Baoji; 721013, China; (3) Feng County Branch of Baoji Ecological Environment Bureau, Baoji; 721700, China; (4) Baoji Environmental Protection Publicity and Education Information Center, Baoji; 721004, China; (5) Shaanxi Qinxi Agriculture and Forestry Development Co., Ltd., Baoji; 721600, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:58-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to explore the effect of amelioration measures on the facility agriculture soil, as well as the physical and chemical properties of tomatoes grown through facility agriculture. The most suitable amelioration was then screened for the local degraded soils. The study site was also chosen as the greenhouse of Qinxi vegetable planting demonstration garden, Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, China. The soil samples were collected from the greenhouse, where tomato fruits were used as research materials. Three soil ameliorants were selected, including plant ash, biochar, and EM fungi. Seven treatments were then combined, including EM fungi (E), biochar (S), biochar + EM fungi (SE), plant ash (C), plant ash + biochar, plant ash + biochar + EM fungi (CSE), and the control treatment (CK). The results indicated that the seven treatments improved the physical and chemical properties of soil, where the CSE treatment performed the most, compared with the CK. Specifically, the CSE treatment significantly increased the soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, total phosphorous, available phosphorous, total potassium, and available potassium by 23.06%, 130.94%, 44.34%, 52.78%, 67.72%, 127.35%, 16.24%, and 119.48%, respectively. In tomato fruits, the combined application of ameliorants was much more significant than the singular in increasing the total nitrogen of the whole plant, where the CSE treatment increased the most by 25.16%, compared with CK. A similar effect was also observed in the total phosphorous of the tomato plant, where the CSE treatment presented 2.09 folds higher than that of CK. In the total potassium of the tomato plant, the rest five ameliorant treatments except for E treatment significantly increased the total potassium, where the CSE treatment presented 1.44 folds higher than that of CK. Additionally, there was only a little effect of ameliorant application on plant ash. However, the sugar/acid ratio of tomato increased significantly, where the CSE treatment increased by 69.3%, compared with the CK. Correspondingly, there was a positive effect of soil ameliorants on soil fertility. The soil integrated fertility index of each treatment showed that the soil ameliorant increased the soil fertility, compared with the CK, where the CSE was observed with the best effect to improve the soil fertility. The highest integrated score in the principal analysis was also achieved in the CSE treatment, compared with the rest treatments. Consequently, the simultaneous application of plant ash, biochar, and EM fungi can be expected to effectively mitigate the soil acidification for better soil fertility and tomato quality of alpine facility agriculture in the study area. The finding can provide a promising way to improve the soil fertility of facility agriculture, thereby optimizing effective measures for the remediation of degraded soil.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Chemical properties - Fruits - Fungi - Greenhouses - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Potassium
Uncontrolled terms:Biochar - Degraded soils - Facility agricultures - Physical and chemical properties - Plant ash - Soil amelioration - Soil fertility - Taibai county - Tomato fruits - Total nitrogen
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.1948E+02%, Percentage 1.2735E+02%, Percentage 1.3094E+02%, Percentage 1.624E+01%, Percentage 2.306E+01%, Percentage 2.516E+01%, Percentage 4.434E+01%, Percentage 5.278E+01%, Percentage 6.772E+01%, Percentage 6.93E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20214711217815
Title:Rice pest identification in natural scene based on lightweight residual network
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36731;&#37327;&#22411;&#27531;&#24046;&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#33258;&#28982;&#22330;&#26223;&#27700;&#31291;&#23475;&#34411;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Bao, Wenxia (1); Wu, Dezhao (1); Hu, Gensheng (1); Liang, Dong (1); Wang, Nian (1); Yang, Xianjun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (2) Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Nian(wn_xlb@ahu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:145-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate identification of rice pests is of great significance for timely protection and management of rice. However, the rice pests are similar with the background in the color and texture, and the morphology of the pests varies greatly during different growth stages. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately identify the rice pests in natural scenes. In this paper, the Light Weight Residual Network (LW-ResNet) composed of feature extraction, global optimization and local optimization modules was designed to improve the ability to identify rice pests in natural scene images. Firstly, in order to reduce the influence of complex background and enhance the feature extraction and expression capabilities of the residual network, the residual block is improved to constitute the feature extraction module. The improved residual block increases the number of convolutional layers and branches of the original residual block, which can effectively extract the deep global features of rice pest images. Secondly, the deep global features are further optimized through the convolutional layers in the global optimization module. Finally, in order to obtain the local discriminative characteristics of rice pest images to distinguish the morphological differences between similar pests, the lightweight attention sub-module constitutes the local optimization module. The light weight attention sub-module uses depth separable convolution to reduce the redundancy of channel features and realize the aggregation of different channel characteristics, so it can highlight the local key features of rice pests. Because the improvement of the residual block in the feature extraction module reduces the number of residual blocks, and the use of deep separable convolution in the attention sub-module and the channel-based global average pooling and global maximum pooling encoding operations reduce floating point operations, the LW-ResNet network has achieved lighter weight. In the HSV space, Gamma transform is used to preprocess the v component of rice pest images and then proceed to the data expansion. After the expansion, there are 4 380 images in the training set and 492 images in the test set. In order to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the method in this paper, in the training phase, the cosine learning rate decay strategy was used to train the network model. By analyzing the number of the improved residual blocks in the feature extraction module, the lightweight attention sub-module in the local optimization module, and the global optimization module, the rationality of the method in this paper was verified. In the testing phase, the LW-ResNet network model achieves a identification accuracy of 92.5% on the test data set of 13 types of rice pest images. The identification accuracy of the LW-ResNet network model is higher than that of classic convolutional neural network models such as VGG16, ResNet, and AlexNet. The parameter amount of the LW-ResNet model is 1.62&times;10⁶, and the amount of floating-point operations is 0.34&times;10⁹. The number of parameters and floating-point operations of the LW-ResNet model are both lower than those of MobileNetV3, which verified the effectiveness of the method in this paper. The LW-ResNet network model has achieved light weight and a good identification effect, so it can be used for rice pest identification on the mobile terminal.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Convolution
Controlled terms:Crops - Digital arithmetic - Extraction - Feature extraction - Global optimization - Image enhancement - Learning systems - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Attention mechanisms - Deep separable convolution - Features extraction - Image identification - Light weight - Network models - Optimization module - Pests images - Rice pests - Submodules
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.25E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20214711218117
Title:Construction and application of comprehensive drought index in different steppe types
Title of translation:&#32508;&#21512;&#24178;&#26097;&#25351;&#25968;&#26500;&#24314;&#21450;&#20854;&#22312;&#19981;&#21516;&#33609;&#21407;&#31867;&#22411;&#20013;&#30340;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Zhao, Shuixia (1, 2); Wang, Wenjun (1, 2); Wu, Yingjie (1, 2); Li, Wei (1, 2); Quan, Qiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Yinshanbeilu National Field Research Station of Desert Steppe Eco-hydrological System, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot; 010020, China
Corresponding authors:Wang, Wenjun(wangwj@iwhr.com); Wang, Wenjun(wangwj@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:99-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The drought index is important to the drought grade evaluation, drought prevention, and mitigation measures formulating. Based on the physical mechanism of drought, the objective weighting method of Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) was used to construct a comprehensive drought index with multi-source information. The mechanism of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), Vegetation Supply Water Index (VSWI), and Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence index (SIF) were comprehensively considered in the drought development process. The vegetation types, coverage, and their sensitivity to precipitation and temperature of different steppes were also been considered in the comprehensive drought index construction. Taking Xinlingol steppe in Inner Mongolia as an example, the applicability and sensitivity of comprehensive drought index in different steppe types were explored compared with the precipitation anomaly percentage index of meteorological drought and the Relative Soil Moisture Index (RSM) of agricultural drought. The temporal and spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of drought were further analyzed in desert, typical and meadow steppes during 2007-2018. The results showed that: 1) The comprehensive drought index can not only sensitively capture the early stage of drought but also comprehensively reflect the duration and time of drought from the perspective of hydrology and pastoral area drought. The comprehensive drought index makes up for the limitation of drought information revealed by a single drought index to a certain extent, which can effectively identify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought, and improve the pertinence and accuracy of drought monitoring. 2) The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought in Xinlingol steppe evaluated by the comprehensive drought index were more consistent with the actual drought condition compared with precipitation anomaly percentage index and RSM, and the correlation between 0-20 cm RSM and comprehensive drought index was the most significant. The drought frequency of the Xilingol steppe during 2007-2018 showed a fluctuating downward trend, which had a significant positive correlation with the drought crop area, affected population, and direct economic loss. 3) The drought intensity of the Xinlingol steppe was mainly light and moderate drought, in which the severe and extreme drought mainly happened in spring and autumn. For different steppe types of Xilingol, the drought frequency of desert steppe was significantly higher than that of typical steppe and meadow steppe, and the spatial distribution of drought shows a gradually decreasing trend from northwest to southeast and serious drought in the middle and north part of the typical steppe. This study carried out an optimal combination of drought information, in which the input information is easy to obtain and calculate, and the application of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence index effectively revealed the response of vegetation to drought stress. The application intensity of the comprehensive drought index in the desert steppe is relatively weak compared with meadow and typical steppe because the soil and biodiversity situation of the desert steppe is poor, the vegetation is sensitive to a precipitation process, and the cumulative effect is significant. This study is of great significance to the drought events monitoring and prevention in different steppe types on the Mongolian Plateau.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Chlorophyll - Evapotranspiration - Fluorescence - Losses - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Applicability - Chlorophyll fluorescence - Chlorophyll fluorescence index - Comprehensive drought index - Fluorescence indices - Relative soil moistures - Soil moisture index - Temporal and spatial distribution - Xilingol - Xilingol steppe
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 443.3  Precipitation - 444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00E00m to 2.00E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20214711218113
Title:Recognition of dense cherry tomatoes based on improved YOLOv4-LITE lightweight neural network
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25913;&#36827;&#22411;YOLOv4-LITE&#36731;&#37327;&#32423;&#31070;&#32463;&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#23494;&#38598;&#22307;&#22899;&#26524;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Zhang, Fu (1, 2, 3); Chen, Zijun (1); Bao, Ruofei (1); Zhang, Chaochen (1); Wang, Zhihao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Manufacturing of Machinery and Equipment of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:270-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Small and hidden conditions of dense cherry tomatoes have posed a great challenge to the rapid identification and positioning of fruits. New key technology with strong robustness is highly demanding to improve the efficiency and yield prediction of cherry tomatoes in the facility agriculture environment. In this study, a novel recognition method was proposed to locate the dense cherry tomatoes using an improved YOLOv4-LITE lightweight neutral network. A mobile Net-v3 easy migration to mobile terminals was selected as the feature extraction network of the model to construct a YOLOv4-LITE for a higher detection speed of cherry tomatoes. A feature pyramid network was set as the modified (FPN) + Path Aggregation Network (PANet) structure, in order to avoid replacing the backbone network to reduce the detection accuracy. Specifically, a 104&times;104 Future map was introduced to achieve fine-grained detection for the small targets. More importantly, a deep separable convolution was used in the PANet structure to reduce the number of model calculations. The new network was more lightweight, where the generalization ability of the model was improved by loading pre-training weights and freezing partial layer training. A comparison was made on the recognition effect of YOLOv4, F1, and AP on the test set with the same degree of occlusion or adhesion, further to evaluate the difference between the models. The test results show that the improved FPN structure on the basis of YOLOv4 was higher than the AP<inf>50</inf> of the original YOLOv4 AP<inf>75</inf> increased by 15.00 percentage points, and the F1 increased by 0.14 and 0.24 under the corresponding IOU threshold. However, the weight increased by 4 MB, while the detection speed increased to 0.27 ms/sheet, and the number of network parameters increased by 14.85%. The improved FPN structure on the basis of YOLOv4+MobiletNet-V3, AP<inf>50</inf> increased by 6.58 percentage points, AP<inf>75</inf> increased by 21.82 percentage points, F1 value increased by 0.13 and 0.20 under the corresponding IOU threshold, indicating that YOLOv4 and YOLOv4+MobiletNet-V3 lacked small goals. Fortunately, the Future map of small targets was added to improve the fine-grained detection of the model, but the number of model parameters and weights increased accordingly. As such, the PANet structure was improved to introduce a deep separable convolutional network, while ensuring high F1, AP, Recall and Precision.Optimal performance was achieved, where the model weight was compressed to 45.3 MB, the detection speed was 3.01 ms/sheet, and the network parameters were 12 026 685. Specifically, the new network was reduced by 198.7MB, compared with the original YOLOv4. The data indicated that the improved PANet strategy presented similar accuracy under such circumstances, while effectively reduced memory consumption, and the number of model parameters, but accelerated the speed of model recognition. The F1, AP<inf>50</inf>, and recall of the proposed recognition model for the dense cherry tree on all test sets were 0.99, 99.74%, and 99.15%, respectively. The improved YOLOv4 increased by 0.15, 8.29, and 6.55 percentage points, respectively, and the weight size was 45.3MB, about 1/5 of YOLOv4. Additionally, the detection of a single 416&times;416 image reached a speed of 3.01ms/frame on the GPU. Therefore, the recognition model of dense cherry tomatoes behaved a higher speed of recognition, a higher accuracy, and lighter weight than before. The finding can provide strong support to the efficient production forecast of cherry tomatoes in the facility agriculture environment.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Image recognition
Controlled terms:Computer vision - Convolution - Deep learning - Deformation - Efficiency - Feature extraction - Fruits - Object recognition
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregation network - Cherry tomatoes - Deep learning - Detection speed - Facility agricultures - Network structures - Path aggregation - Percentage points - Targets detection - YOLO
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 741.2  Vision - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.485E+01%, Percentage 9.915E+01%, Percentage 9.974E+01%, Time 2.70E-04s, Time 3.01E-03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20214711218089
Title:Effects of different spray additives on droplet deposition characteristics during plant protection UAV spraying operations
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#21943;&#38654;&#21161;&#21058;&#22312;&#26893;&#20445;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#21943;&#26045;&#20316;&#19994;&#20013;&#23545;&#38654;&#28404;&#27785;&#31215;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Lan, Yubin (1, 2); Shan, Changfeng (1); Wang, Qingyu (1); Liu, Qi (1); Yang, Chenglei (1); Xie, Yingjie (1); Wang, Guobin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology/Academy of Ecological Unmanned Farm, Shandong University of Technology/Shandong University of Technology Sub-center of National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticide Spraying Technology, Zibo; 255022, China; (2) College of Electronics Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Guobin(guobinwang@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:31-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">With the rapid development and application of plant protection UAV in China, its high-efficiency and low-volume spraying technology has gradually become a research hotspot. At present, domestic and foreign researches on spray additives for plant protection UAV are mainly based on droplet drift and laboratory tests. Few studies have been conducted on the physical and chemical properties of spray additives and the effects of droplet deposition characteristics. Spray additives can reduce the surface tension of the solution and increase the retention of droplets, which is of great significance for improving the utilization of pesticides. Therefore, this study explored the effects of different spray additives on the surface tension of the solution, the change law of the contact angle of the solution on the maize leaves, and the droplet deposition characteristics. In the experiment, surface tension-meter, contact angle measurement, 723S visible spectrophotometer, and XAG XP2020 plant protection UAV were used to measure the surface tension, contact angle, droplet deposition characteristics, and other parameters of six kinds of aviation spray additives (Ultimate, Starguar4A, Starguar4, Bei Datong, Mai Fei, Atplus Mso-Hs 500). Kromekote cards and Mylar were used to sample the droplet deposition characteristics, and DepositScan software was used to measure the droplet density, coverage, D<inf>V0.5</inf> and other parameters on the Kromekote cards. The test results showed that the addition of spray additives could significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution and had a significant difference (P=0.000). The surface tension value of the solution after adding the spray additives was reduced by 56.4%-67.8% compared with the pure water solution. Among them, Starguar4A spray additives had the best effect on reducing the surface tension of the solution, but it was not significant difference effects of Ultimate spray additives. The spray additives had different effects on the contact angle of the solution on the maize leaves. The contact angle of the pure water solution on the maize leaves varies from 111.27&deg; to 108.10&deg;. With the increase of time, the contact angle of the spray additive solution on the maize leaves gradually decreases and Ultimate spray additive had the best effect, and the contact angle decreased to 0&deg;after the droplets fall on the corn leaves for 90 s. Adding spray additives can increase the density and coverage of the droplets in the deposition area and sampling area, among which the effect of Be Datong spray additives was the best, and the density and coverage of droplets and deposition were increased by 35.1%, 93.8% and 31.9% respectively compared with the pure water solution. The deposition of the deposition area after adding spray additives varies from 0.049-0.072 &mu;L/cm², which is increased compared with the pure water solution. Among them, the deposition of Bei Datong spray additives was up to 0.072 &mu;L/cm². The distribution of the deposition amount of the droplets with the sampling position basically conforms to the normal distribution. After adding spray additives, the D<inf>V0.5</inf> of most of the additive solutions had been reduced and there was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05). Except for the increase of droplet D<inf>V0.5</inf> by Bei Datong, other spray additives all reduce droplet D<inf>V0.5</inf>, generally reducing by about 50 &mu;m. Adding spray additives had no obvious influence on the droplet relative span, and there was no significant difference compared with the pure water solution (P&lt;0.05). When plant protection spraying operations were carried out in the field, it can be preferable to use Bei Datong spray additives. Although the surface tension and contact angle of Bei Datong spray additives are not optimal, it can also meet the needs of field use of UAV. Meanwhile, the test can also provide a data basis for further improving the utilization rate of pesticides.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Contact angle
Controlled terms:Additives - Deposition - Drops - Pesticides - Surface tension - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Coverage - Deposition areas - Deposition characteristics - Development and applications - Droplet density - Droplet deposition - Plant protection - Pure water - Spray additive - Water solutions
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Electrical conductance 7.23E+02S, Percentage 3.19E+01%, Percentage 3.51E+01%, Percentage 5.64E+01% to 6.78E+01%, Percentage 9.38E+01%, Size 5.00E-05m, Time 9.00E+01s, Volume 4.90E-05m3 to 7.20E-05m3, Volume 7.20E-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20214711218225
Title:Recognition of cotton terminal bud in field using improved Faster R-CNN by integrating dynamic mechanism
Title of translation:&#34701;&#21512;&#21160;&#24577;&#26426;&#21046;&#30340;&#25913;&#36827;&#22411;Faster R-CNN&#35782;&#21035;&#30000;&#38388;&#26825;&#33457;&#39030;&#33469;
Authors:Chen, Keyi (1); Zhu, Longfu (1); Song, Peng (1); Tian, Xiaomin (2); Huang, Chenglong (3); Nie, Xinhui (2); Xiao, Ailing (4); He, Liangrong (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Tarim University, Alaer; 843300, China; (5) College of Plant Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer; 843300, China
Corresponding author:Song, Peng(songp@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:161-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate identification of cotton top bud is important for cotton topping operation to detect cotton terminal bud accurately in field, a recognition method using Faster R-CNN (Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks, Faster R-CNN) by integrating dynamic mechanism was proposed to solve the recognition difficulties caused by the small size of cotton terminal bud when it is topped in densely planted fields. The RegNetX-6.4GF model was used as the backbone network to improve its image feature extractor capabilities. Due to number of proposals under a higher IOU(Intersection Over Union, IOU) as well as the matching degree between anchor and the target shape affect the performance of the detector, the method proposed in this paper changed the original anchor generation mechanism by combining FPN (Feature Pyramid Network, FPN) and Guided Anchoring in RPN (Region Proposal Network, RPN), which will cause the distribution of the proposals generated by the RPN of the algorithm under different IOUs dynamically change during the training process. To adapt the dynamic change of proposals distribution, we integrated Dynamic Region Convolutional Neural Networks ( Dynamic R-CNN) in Faster R-CNN, which can dynamically adjust the value of IOU to obtain high quality proposals. And the GROIE (Generic ROI Extractor, GROIE) mechanism was inducted to extract ROI (Region of Interest, ROI) to improve the feature fusion capability. In this paper, 4 819 images of gossypium hirsutum population which contain seven leaf types were taken from the top of cotton plant at distance of 30-50 cm (medium distance) and 50-100 cm (long distance) under uniform light, oblique strong light, direct strong light, and shadows. Those images were processed as MS COCO 2017 format dataset and assigned to the training set, validation set, and test set, which contained 2 815, 704, and 1 300 pictures respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that FPS (Frames Per Second, FPS) of proposed model was up to 10.3 frames/s and the Mean Average Precision (MAP) of bud identification reached to 98.1% which was 3.2 percentage points higher than original Faster R-CNN model. The validation set were used to compare performance of mainstream recognition algorithm and proposed method. Results showed that the improved Faster R-CNN's MAP was 7.3% higher than original Faster R-CNN, which was also higher than RetinaNet, Cascade R-CNN (Cascade Region Convolutional Neural Networks, Cascade R-CNN) and RepPoints by 78.9%, 10.1% and 8.3% when IOU was set to 0.5. The improved Faster R-CNN proposed in this paper meets the accuracy and real-time requirements of cotton topping operation.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Convolution - Cotton - Deep learning - Dynamics - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Learning algorithms - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Convolutional neural network - Deep learning - Dynamic adaptations - Fast region convolutional neural network - In-field - Mechanism fusion - Region-of-interest - Regions of interest - Terminal bud recognition - Terminal buds
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.4.2  Machine Learning - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01E+01%, Percentage 7.30E+00%, Percentage 7.89E+01%, Percentage 8.30E+00%, Percentage 9.81E+01%, Size 3.00E-01m to 5.00E-01m, Size 5.00E-01m to 1.00E00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20214711217806
Title:Detection of group-housed pigs based on improved CenterNet model
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;&#25913;&#36827;CenterNet&#27169;&#22411;&#26816;&#27979;&#32676;&#20859;&#29983;&#29482;&#30446;&#26631;
Authors:Fang, Junlong (1, 2); Hu, Yuhang (1, 2); Dai, Baisheng (1, 2); Wu, Zhidong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Pig Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding authors:Dai, Baisheng(bsdai@neau.edu.cn); Dai, Baisheng(bsdai@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:136-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Rapid and accurate detection of pigs has been critical to intelligent monitoring of health status within a group-housed breeding environment on large-scale farms. However, a large number of parameters make it difficult to achieve real-time performance in edge computing platforms for practical production. In this study, an improved CenterNet model (named MF-CenterNet) was proposed to detect pigs in group-housed breeding conditions, in order to improve the real-time performance of detection and the accuracy of localizing pigs with body occluded and small body size. An anchor-free CenterNet was also used to ensure the accuracy of detection, especially for the pig with body occluded. A lightweight MobileNet network was first introduced into the CenterNet (instead of ResNet50), as the backbone network of feature extraction for the smaller model size and higher detection speed. In addition, the feature pyramid structure (FPN) was then added to improve the ability of feature extraction for small pig objects. As such, the CenterNet was integrated with the MobileNet and FPN, named MF-CenterNet (i.e., MobileNet-FPN-CenterNet, MF-CenterNet). An image dataset of a private pig was collected to evaluate the performance of MF-CenterNet. All images were then captured from Jincheng Farm, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Specifically, 1683 video frames were extracted from the video recording of pigs collected in the commercial pig farm, and 6732 images were obtained with the operation of the data argument. All pig objects within the images were then labeled with the labeling tool. The experimental results show that the size of the MF-CenterNet model was only 21MB, which satisfied the deployment of the model to an edge computing platform. The mean average precision (mAP) of pig detection was 94.30%, and the detection speed was up to 69 frames/s. The model of CenterNet integrated with MobileNetv2 achieved the best performance, in terms of accuracy, speed, and model size, where different versions of Mobile Net were combined. The CenterNet model integrated with the MobileNetv2 and FPN (MF-CenterNet) further improved the detection performance, indicating more robust in detecting the pig objects with small body size and body occluded. The improved MF-CenterNet greatly increased the mAP by 0.63 percentage points, and the speed by 42 frames/s, while the size of the model was reduced by 104 MB, compared with the original CenterNet. Furthermore, the mAP detection was improved by 6.39, 4.46, 6.01, and 2.74 percentage points, while, the detection speed was improved by 54, 47, 45, and 43 frames/s, respectively, compared with the common CNN-based object detection models, including Farster RCNN, SSD, YOLOV3, and YOLOV4 model. Consequently, the MF-CenterNet achieved the state-of-the-art mAP performance, higher detection speed, and the deployability of the model in a substantial manner. Therefore, this lightweight object detection model, MF-CenterNet, can meet the requirements of real-time, rapid, and high accuracy of detection on the group-housed pigs. The finding can also be expected to serve as a new way for real-time detection and prerequisite model in the behavior analysis of pigs during modern intensive production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Object detection
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Anthropometry - Computer vision - Edge computing - Extraction - Feature extraction - Mammals - Object recognition - Video recording
Uncontrolled terms:Centernet - Computing platform - Detection speed - Edge computing - FPN - Group-housed pig - Images processing - Mobilenet - Performance - Real time performance
Classification code:461.3  Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 716.4  Television Systems and Equipment - 722.4  Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 741.2  Vision - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.43E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20214711217838
Title:Analysis of the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of cotton planting in southern Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020
Title of translation:2000-2020&#24180;&#21335;&#30086;&#22320;&#21306;&#26825;&#33457;&#31181;&#26893;&#31354;&#38388;&#26684;&#23616;&#21450;&#20854;&#21464;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Chuanji (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2, 3); Xu, Weiyi (1); Qiao, Guoliang (1); Yang, Xuhong (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding authors:Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn); Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn); Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:223-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Southern Xinjiang is one of the most important cotton-producing areas in China. It is necessary to fully understand the spatial distribution of cotton and variation characteristics for national grain and cotton supply, particularly on the development of the cotton textile industry in China. Therefore, this study followed the research idea of "reconstructing growth curve - extracting planting information - analyzing changing characteristics". Firstly, TIMESAT software was used to generate the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) growth curve of cotton in Southern Xinjiang. Subsequently, a Double-Logistic filter was selected to rebuild the growth curve. Secondly, the specific characteristics of the cotton growth curve were analyzed further to obtain the cotton growth threshold. Thirdly, a Band Math tool in ENVI5.3 was selected to extract the cotton planting areas. The spatial distribution accuracy of extracted datasets was then verified using Google Earth high-resolution image. Finally, a systematic analysis was made on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of cotton planting from multiple perspectives. The results showed that: 1) The spatial distribution pattern of cotton was basically consistent with the soil and water conditions, where mainly distributed in the south of Tianshan Mountains and clustered in the northeast of southern Xinjiang, indicating a "core-edge" structure with Aksu region as the core, while Kashgar and Northern Bazhou as the margin. 2) There were significant differences between type I cultivated land and other types in different years, indicating the pretty obvious spatial differentiation. The active regions of cotton planting variation were mainly distributed in Aksu, Kashgar, and northern Bazhou, indicating the main cotton-growing regions in southern Xinjiang. There was the most significant correlation in the flow conversion between type I and type II cultivated land, grassland, and artificial land surface, indicating that the flow increased sharply. 3) The spatial distribution of cotton showed the "northeast to southwest" trend. The cotton planting center basically kept stable in Aksu City after a major migration in recent 20 years, with a total migration distance of 91.5 km and an annual migration rate of 4.58 km/a. 4) In detecting "hot spots" of cotton planting areas, the cold spots were mainly distributed in Kezhou and Hetian in southern Xinjiang, indicating a gradual concentration to the southwest after 2005. Correspondingly, the distribution pattern of hot spots changed significantly from year to year. Furthermore, the hot spots were mainly distributed in Aksu prefecture before 2005. The hot spots gradually extended to the northeast of southern Xinjiang after 2005, where mainly concentrated in Aksu prefecture and the north of Bazhou. Consequently, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of cotton planting using EVI data can widely be expected for large-scale, long-term information monitoring. The yield estimation model can also be further constructed using the cotton growth curve, as well as the relationship with cotton actual output. Finally, quantitative remote sensing can be realized on cotton yield prediction. The findings can provide sound support to optimize the cotton structure distribution for the decision-making and formulation of regional land management.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Convolution - Cotton - Cultivation - Land use - Spatial distribution - Textile industry - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Enhanced vegetation index - Growth curves - Hotspots - Planting information - Plantings - Remote-sensing - Southern xinjiang - Times series - Variation characteristics - Xinjiang
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 819.6  Textile Mills, Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00E+01yr, Size 4.58E+03m, Size 9.15E+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20214711217784
Title:Low temperature plasma-activated water generator and its application effect test
Title of translation:&#20302;&#28201;&#31561;&#31163;&#23376;&#20307;&#27963;&#21270;&#27700;&#21457;&#29983;&#35774;&#22791;&#21450;&#20854;&#24212;&#29992;&#25928;&#26524;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Xie, Huanxiong (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wu, Huichang (1); Wei, Hai (1); Wan, Lianghao (2); Dai, Yang (2); Wang, Haiou (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Nanjing Suman Plasma Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 211161, China; (3) School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing; 211171, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Haiou(who1978@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:260-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Plasma-activated water (PAW) has widely been accepted and proven to have broad-spectrum bactericidal properties. It can also effectively kill microorganisms on fresh foods, further inhibiting spoilage. The emerging low-temperature PAW sterilization has presented great potential for application in food production and safety control. However, the systematic design of PAW generating equipment is still lacking in recent years. In this study, a piece of novel equipment to produce low-temperature PAW was developed using the plasma generation via dielectric barrier discharge, in order to improve the level of PAW equipment development and application. The system of this equipment included the components of dielectric barrier discharge, ventilation channels of heat dissipation, flow channels of activated water, and the high-voltage alternating current power supply. The components of dielectric barrier discharge were composed of a cylindrical high-voltage discharge electrode and a flat-shaped low-voltage discharge electrode in an upper-down parallel configuration with the uniform gas gap. Among them, the flowing water film was integrated to be used as the low-voltage electrode, thereby realizing the uniform plasma generation, particularly for the continuous and stable production of activated water. Furthermore, the heat dissipation of high-voltage discharge electrode was employed two bidirectional-countercurrent ventilation channels inside and outside the electrode tube. A typical Alternating Current-Direct Current-Alternating Current (AC-DC-AC) structure was also designed as the power circuit of a high-voltage alternating current power supply, further to realize the energy supply of thee dielectric barrier discharge. In addition, the control circuit was utilized to monitor and adjust the operational parameters, such as frequency, voltage, and current. Some structural and working parameters of equipment were designed to be continuously adjustable within a certain range, including the inclination angle of stainless-steel plate for water flow, the air gap between the high-voltage discharge electrode and the stainless-steel plate, water flow rate, discharge power, and discharge voltage, in order to meet the diversified requirements for the application of plasma-activated water. Furthermore, an experiment was performed on the PAW equipment to verify the effect of PAW treatment on the vegetables. The fresh-cut potato slices were simulated to be infected with Escherichia coli before the PAW sterilization cleaning and preservation. An optimal sterilization rate was (98.65&plusmn;0.59)% for the sterilizing of PAW on Escherichia coli in the potato slices, in which the water flow was 600 mL/min, the air gap was 10 mm, the mass ratio of material to activated water was 1:20, the power supply voltage was 137.4 V, and the sterilization time was 4.72 min. More excellent performance was achieved under the optimal condition than before, thereby greatly contributed to relatively higher hardness, lower color difference, lower relative conductivity, lower soluble solid content, and lower decay rate in the bacteria-contaminated potato slices during storage. After 24 d of storage, the bacteria-infected potato slices without cleaning, with distilled water cleaning, and with PAW cleaning achieved a hardness of (3.01&plusmn;0.84), (3.54&plusmn;0.81), (4.70&plusmn;0.48) N, respectively, a color difference of 22.08&plusmn;1.05, 13.21&plusmn;1.43, 7.35&plusmn;0.81, respectively, a relative conductivity of (28.00&plusmn;6.43)%, (26.72&plusmn;2.07)%, (17.19&plusmn;2.26)%, respectively, a soluble solid content of (6.850&plusmn;0.120)%, (5.430&plusmn;0.006)%, (3.080&plusmn;0.006)%, respectively, and a decay rate of (87.04&plusmn;1.63)%, (76.32&plusmn;1.60)%, (52.09&plusmn;1.41)%, respectively, indicating better advantages of sterilization and preservation. This finding can provide a sound reference on the development and industrial application for the sterilization technology of plasma-activated water.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Sterilization (cleaning)
Controlled terms:Design - Dielectric devices - Dielectric materials - Disinfection - Electric discharges - Electric impedance measurement - Electrodes - Escherichia coli - Flow control - HVDC power transmission  - Hydraulics - Plates (structural components) - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Activated water - Alternating current - Dielectric barrier discharges - Discharge electrode - High-voltage discharges - Low temperature plasmas - Plasma generation - Plasma-activated waters - Potato slices - Preservation
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 632.1  Hydraulics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 706.1.1  Electric Power Transmission - 708.1  Dielectric Materials - 731.3  Specific Variables Control - 942.2  Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00E-02m, Time 2.832E+02s, Voltage 1.374E+02V, Volume 6.00E-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20214711218090
Title:Apple fruit recognition in complex orchard environment based on improved YOLOv3
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25913;&#36827;YOLOv3&#30340;&#26524;&#22253;&#22797;&#26434;&#29615;&#22659;&#19979;&#33529;&#26524;&#26524;&#23454;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Zhao, Hui (1, 2); Qiao, Yanjun (1); Wang, Hongjun (1); Yue, Youjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Complex System Control Theory and Application, Tianjin; 300384, China; (2) School of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300392, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:127-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Automatic fruit recognition is one of the most important steps in fruit picking robots. In this study, a novel fruit recognition was proposed using improved YOLOv3, in order to identify the fruit quickly and accurately for the picking robot in the complex environment of the orchard (different light, occlusion, adhesion, large field of view, bagging, whether the fruit was mature or not). The specific procedure was as follows. 1) 4000 Apple images were captured under the complex environment via the orchard shooting and Internet collection. After labeling with LabelImg software, 3200 images were randomly selected as training set, 400 as verification set, and 400 as a test set. Mosaic data enhancement was also embedded in the model to improve the input images for the better generalization ability and robustness of model. 2) The network model was also improved. First, the residual module in the DarkNet53 network was combined with the CSPNet to reduce the amount of network calculation, while maintaining the detection accuracy. Second, the SPP module was added to the detection network of the original YOLOv3 model, further to fuse the global and local characteristics of fruits, in order to enhance the recall rate of model to the minimal fruit target. Third, a soft NMS was used to replace the traditional for better recognition ability of model, particularly for the overlapping fruits. Forth, the joint loss function using Focal and CIoU Loss was used to optimize the model for higher accuracy of recognition. 3) The model was finally trained in the deep learning environment of a server, thereby analyzing the training process after the dataset production and network construction. Optimal weights and parameters were achieved, according to the loss curve and various performance indexes of verification set. The results showed that the best performance was achieved, when training to the 109th epoch, where the obtained weight in this round was taken as the final model weight, precision was 94.1%, recall was 90.6%, F1 was 92.3%, mean average precision was 96.1%. Then, the test set is used to test the optimal model. The experimental results show that the Mean Average Precision value reached 96.3%, which is higher than 92.5% of the original model; F1 value reached 91.8%, higher than 88.0% of the original model; The average detection speed of video stream under GPU is 27.8 frame/s, which is higher than 22.2 frame/s of the original model. Furthermore, it was found that the best comprehensive performance was achieved to verify the effectiveness of the improvement compared with four advanced detection of Faster RCNN, RetinaNet, YOLOv5 and CenterNet. A comparison experiment was conducted under different fruit numbers and various lighting environments, further to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved model. Correspondingly, the detection performance of model was significantly better for small target apples and severely occluded overlapping apples, compared with the improved YOLOv3 model, indicating the high effectiveness. In addition, the target detection using deep learning was robust to illumination, where the illumination change presented little impact on the detection performance. Consequently, the excellent detection, robustness and real-time performance can widely be expected to serve as an important support for accurate fruit recognition in complex environment.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Deep learning - Harvesters - Image enhancement - Object detection - Object recognition - Orchards - Software testing - Verification
Uncontrolled terms:Apple fruits - Complex environments - Detection performance - Fruit identification - Fruit recognition - Images processing - Original model - Picking robot - Test sets - YOLOv3
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.80E+01%, Percentage 9.06E+01%, Percentage 9.18E+01%, Percentage 9.23E+01%, Percentage 9.25E+01%, Percentage 9.41E+01%, Percentage 9.61E+01%, Percentage 9.63E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20214711218092
Title:Autonomous operation path planning method for unmanned agricultural machinery
Title of translation:&#26080;&#20154;&#39550;&#39542;&#20892;&#26426;&#33258;&#20027;&#20316;&#19994;&#36335;&#24452;&#35268;&#21010;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Zhai, Weixin (1); Wang, Dongxu (1, 2); Chen, Zhibo (1); Dong, Liang (1); Zhao, Xin (1); Wu, Caicong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Institute of Computer Application Technology, Norinco Group, Beijing; 100089, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Caicong(wucc@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to meet the application requirements of unmanned driving and autonomous operation in agricultural machinery, particularly for better adaptability of quadrilateral farmland. A path planning was also designed to implement the farmland operation using unmanned agricultural machinery. AB line operation mode was selected to generate executable paths with speed and implement state instructions. Two parts were composed of farmland information processing and path planning. The farmland information processing module was used to process the surveying point data in land contour and obstacles. Among them, one data processing was for land contour surveying and mapping points, and another for obstacle surveying and mapping points. The former was used to extract the longitude and latitude fields of original position data, and then convert them into Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinates. The latter was utilized to convert the point and line obstacles generated by surveying and mapping into the unified obstacle polygonal contour data for the subsequent path planning. Next, the operating parameters were defined by the user in the path planning module, including the operating direction, operating width, turning radius, and starting position. The sub-modules were also constructed, such as unmanned operation trapezoidal area generation, turning and operation area division, operation strip segmentation, obstacle strip processing, strip routing planning, turning, and final path generation. The research methods were as follows: (1) In the sub-module of unmanned operation trapezoidal area generation, the operation direction was taken as the parallel side to construct a trapezoidal area suitable for unmanned operation in the quadrilateral land. (2) In the sub-module of turning and operation area division, the width of the turning area was set, according to the operating width and turning radius. Then, 2 parallelogram turning and 1 operation area were generated inside the unmanned operation trapezoidal areas. (3) In the sub-module of operation strip segmentation, the operating direction was taken as the strip direction, while, the operating width as the strip width, in order to complete the strip dividing of the entire operation areas. (4) In the sub-module of obstacle strip processing, the operation line was cut to intersect with the obstacle polygon back and forth, and thereby to construct a detour path composed of arcs and line segments. (5) In the sub-module of strip routing planning, the operation strips were sorted in order. All the strips were divided into the blocks with constructing units, while, the strip selection was designed for different operating sequences to achieve better orderly operation strips. (6) In the sub-module of turning path generation, a U-shaped turning path was generated in the form of "arc-line-arc" using the adjacent sequence of operation strips and turning radius. (7) In the sub-module of final path generation, the final path was realized by adding speed instructions and implement state instructions at the path points. The final path was thus executed in the unmanned agricultural machine. Simulation tests show that the proposed method was suitable for different quadrilateral farmland and obstacles. The operation area ratio and distance ratio increased by 10.0% and 8.8%, respectively, compared with the adjacent. Field tests show that the mean value and standard deviation for the lateral deviations of agricultural unmanned driving and autonomous operation were 0.002 m to the left and 0.027 m, respectively. Consequently, the generated path can meet the requirements of unmanned and autonomous operation in agricultural machinery. The finding can provide a complete path planning for unmanned agricultural machinery with the high adaptability of farmland and operating parameters for higher production efficiency.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Motion planning
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automobile drivers - Data handling - Farms - Mapping - Regression analysis - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic driving - Autonomous operations - Driving operations - Mapping point - Operating parameters - Path-generation - Strip processing - Submodules - Turning radius - Unmanned drivings
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 432  Highway Transportation - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 912.4  Personnel - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E+01%, Percentage 8.80E+00%, Size 2.00E-03m, Size 2.70E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20214711217903
Title:Impacts of cultivated land landscape patterns on the risk of soil heavy metal pollution in economically developed areas
Title of translation:&#32463;&#27982;&#21457;&#36798;&#22320;&#21306;&#32789;&#22320;&#26223;&#35266;&#26684;&#23616;&#23545;&#22303;&#22756;&#37325;&#37329;&#23646;&#27745;&#26579;&#39118;&#38505;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Wuyan (1); Zhu, Congmou (2); He, Xueying (3); Wang, Hua (4); Zhou, Yidian (3); Xu, Baogen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land and Urban Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) School of Business Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (4) Dongfang College, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Jiaxing; 314000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:233-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Landscape patterns indexes have widely been used to clarify the variation of landscape patterns under heavy metal accumulation in various ecological processes. One of the most important landscape types, cultivated land is profoundly disturbed by human activities in recent years, where the generation and evolution of heavy metal pollution are closely related to the landscape pattern. However, it is still lacking understanding of the relationship between landscape patterns and soil pollution in cultivated land. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the impact of landscape patterns on the risk of soil heavy metal pollution in cultivated land, thereby ensuring national food and ecological security. Taking an economically developed area in eastern China as an example, a Nemoro index model was employed to assess the level of soil heavy metal (Cd, Pb, and Hg) pollution using 93 point sampling laboratory data. Then, the landscape pattern indexes were selected from four aspects to evaluate the distribution of landscape patterns in cultivated land. Finally, the stepwise and spatial regression models were used to determine the relationship between landscape patterns and heavy metal pollution. The results showed that: 1) The average range of indexes was between 0.22 and 0.42 in the study area, including three indexes of soil heavy metal pollution, and Nemero comprehensive pollution index. The level of three heavy metal pollution was ranked in an order of P<inf>cd</inf>&gt;P<inf>pb</inf>&gt;P<inf>hg</inf>, indicating a relatively low risk of pollution. Furthermore, the variation coefficients of the single-factor pollution index were all greater than 0.5, indicating that the heavy metal pollution of farmland soil was significantly affected by external interference. 2) There was an obvious spatial differentiation on the comprehensive degree of heavy metal pollution in the cultivated land. The areas with higher pollution risks presented a clustering spatial distribution, where mainly concentrated in the southwestern and northern parts of the study area, as well as the surrounding areas of urban centers. The areas with lower pollution risks are mainly distributed in the northwestern basin. 3) There was a fluctuating downward for the level of cultivated land heavy metal pollution in the spatial gradient, especially in the urban-rural and road gradient. Meanwhile, the landscape pattern indexes in the cultivated land showed a trend of increasing first, and then decreasing in the urban-rural gradient, whereas, gradually downward trends in the river and road gradients. Correspondingly, cultivated land landscape patterns were found to be highly correlated with soil heavy metal pollution in spatial gradient. 4) There was a significant spatial autocorrelation in the heavy metal pollution, where landscape patterns profoundly affected both in local and adjacent areas. Specifically, the patch size, fragmentation, and landscape shape indexes were negatively correlated with three types of soil heavy metal pollution, whereas, there was a positive correlation between landscape aggregation and heavy metal pollution in the cultivated land. Anyway, this research can greatly contribute to determining the relationship between cultivated land landscape patterns and soil heavy metal pollution. The finding can provide insightful implications to control the soil heavy metal pollution from the perspective of landscape pattern optimization.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Farms - Heavy metals - Land use - Regression analysis - River pollution - Roads and streets - Soil pollution - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Heavy metals pollution - Landscape pattern - Landscape pattern indices - Landscape soils - Pollution index - Soil heavy metals - Spatial econometric models - Spatial gradients - Study areas
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 406.2  Roads and Streets - 453  Water Pollution - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.588E-03m to 1.0668E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20214711218103
Title:Hydraulic sediment characteristics test and mechanism analysis of a new type of anisotropic flow sedimentation basin
Title of translation:&#26032;&#22411;&#24322;&#21521;&#27969;&#27785;&#27801;&#27744;&#27877;&#27801;&#27785;&#38477;&#29305;&#24615;&#35797;&#39564;&#19982;&#26426;&#29702;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Lin (1, 2); Fu, Hailin (1, 2); Tan, Yihai (1, 2); Pei, Jiansheng (3); Zhang, Jun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi; 830052, China; (3) Xinjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Administration, Urumqi; 830099, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">River sediment concentration is often high in the inland area of Northwest China. It is necessary to set up a sediment basin in the main diversion channel of irrigation areas, in order to settle the sediment before the turbid water enters the drip irrigation belts. A new anisotropic flow sedimentation tank can be used as a promising treatment facility for the secondary sediment, due mainly to high sediment settling efficiency, and low ratio of water consumption, particularly on the removal of fine and ultrafine particles. However, a systematic investigation is still lacking on the settling characteristics and mechanism of new type sedimentation tank. In this study, a series of experiments were performed on the new anisotropic flow and bar-shaped sedimentation tank under different treatments of flow rates and sediment concentrations. A new tank was also set with the size of 96 cm length, 10 cm width, and 110 cm height. The results indicated that the settling efficiency of sediment was 40%-88.53% when the flow rate was 45-360 L/h, and the median size of sediment particle was 0.021mm. The settlement efficiency of the new tank was about 1.2-2 times that of a bar-shaped one in the same volume with a slanted or a horizontal floor. The amount of sediment settling to the collection tank per unit time was 1.3-2.3 times that of the bar-shaped one with a slanted floor. The sediment deposit was 1.8 in the new tank, 26 times that of the bar-shaped tank over the same running time. The desilting period of the new tank was only 50% that of the bar-shaped tank, indicating that the new sedimentation tank presented a relatively higher settling efficiency of sediment. An analysis was made on the stress of sediment movement on the plates that inclined in the length and width direction. Among them, the dip angles with the width and length were defined as &alpha; and &beta;, respectively. The first-order nonlinear differential equation was established for the sediment movement on the plates. The velocity and acceleration of particles in different sizes were then calculated along the plates inclined in two-direction and only one direction at different moments. It was found that the velocity of sediment movement on the bidirectionally inclined plate was 1.6 times that on the unidirectional one. Specifically, the velocity and acceleration of particles along with the inclined plate with the great dip (&alpha;=60&deg;, &beta;=85&deg;) were 1.4 and 1.5 times than that with the small dip (&alpha;=60&deg;, &beta;=35&deg;) in the new tank. Additionally, the velocity and acceleration at any moment on the two-direction inclined plate were greater than that of the one-direction one, where both increased with the dips. In mechanism, the settlement efficiency depended mainly on the flow rate, &alpha; and &beta;. It increased with &alpha; and &beta; but decreased with the increment of flow rate. Furthermore, the greater &alpha; and &beta; contributed to better settlement efficiency, particularly when &alpha; and &beta; were acute angles if the difference of topographic height was great enough during the engineering design of the new tank. If the height difference was small, &alpha; and &beta; should not be less than the angle of sediment repose. The findings can provide a sound reference to optimize the structure and design application for a new type of sediment settling basin with the anisotropic flow.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Sedimentation
Controlled terms:Anisotropy - Differential equations - Efficiency - Irrigation - Nonlinear equations - Reservoirs (water) - Sediments - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration of particles - Anisotropic flows - Inclined plate - Sediment concentration - Sediment movement - Sediment settling - Two phases flow - Velocity of particles - Water-sediment two-phase flow - Water-sediments
Classification code:441.2  Reservoirs - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921.2  Calculus - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00E+01% to 8.853E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+01%, Size 1.00E-01m, Size 1.10E+00m, Size 2.10E-05m, Size 4.572E-02m, Size 9.60E-01m, Volume 4.50E-02m3 to 3.60E-01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20214711218221
Title:Experimental study on reverse osmosis concentrate treatment based on Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;FDFO&#30340;&#21453;&#28183;&#36879;&#27987;&#27700;&#22788;&#29702;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Liu, Juan (1, 2, 3); Tian, Juncang (1, 2, 3); Li, Ming (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-Saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (4) Infrastructure Department, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding authors:Tian, Juncang(slxtjc@163.com); Tian, Juncang(slxtjc@163.com); Tian, Juncang(slxtjc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:65-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the most advanced and effective membrane separation treatments in desalination. Forward Osmosis (FO) is also one type of membrane separation that can spontaneously draw the water from the RO concentrated water. However, the regeneration of draw solution requires much energy in the FO system. A Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis (FDFO) process is thus selected to reduce the energy consumption for the draw solution, where the fertilizer solution was used as the draw solution. The RO concentrated water is continuously concentrated, while the fertilizer draw solution is continuously diluted in the process of FDFO. The diluted fertilizer draw solution can widely be expected for agricultural irrigation without regeneration. In this study, the influence factors of the forward water and reverse salt flux in the FO process were determined under the different types, concentrations, and temperature of the draw solution, as well as the concentration of feed solution. KCl, KNO<inf>3</inf>, NaNO<inf>3</inf>, NH<inf>4</inf>HCO<inf>3</inf>, (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>, and NH<inf>4</inf>Cl were selected as the draw solutions for the single factor comparison tests of FDFO. The results show that the forward water fluxes and reverse salt fluxes differed greatly with different kinds of draw solutions. The forward water fluxes of draw solutions were ranked in the order of KCl &gt; NH<inf>4</inf>Cl &gt; NaNO<inf>3</inf> &gt; NH<inf>4</inf>HCO<inf>3</inf> &gt; (NH<inf>4</inf>) <inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> &gt; KNO<inf>3</inf>. The reverse salt flux was NaNO<inf>3</inf> &gt; NH<inf>4</inf>HCO<inf>3</inf> &gt; KNO<inf>3</inf> &gt; KCl &gt; NH<inf>4</inf>Cl &gt; (NH<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>. The forward water flux of KCl and NH<inf>4</inf>Cl was the largest, while the reverse salt flux was smaller. Therefore, KCl and NH<inf>4</inf>Cl were more suitable for a single fertilizer draw solution. A FO test was carried out under the different concentration and temperature of the KCl draw solution. The results showed that the forward water flux of the KCl draw solution at 2 mol/L was 3.56 times than that of 0.5 mol/L, and the forward water flux of KCl draw solution at 55 &#8451; was about twice than that of 25 &#8451;. Therefore, the forward water flux increased significantly, with the increase of the concentration and temperature of the draw solution. However, there was no increase in the forward water flux and the reverse salt flux, when the concentration of draw solution increased exponentially. Additionally, the increased multiple of forwarding water and reverse salt flux was less than the draw solution concentration. Another FO test was also carried out under the various concentration and temperature of the NaNO<inf>3</inf> draw solution. The results showed that the reverse salt flux increased by 2.94 times, when the concentration of the NaNO<inf>3</inf> draw solution increased from 0.5 to 2 mol/L, while, the reverse salt flux increased by 1.64 times, when the temperature of the NaNO<inf>3</inf> draw solution increased from 25 to 55 &#8451;. Therefore, the reverse salt flux increased, with the increase of the concentration and temperature of the draw solution. Furthermore, the temperature increased exponentially, so did the forward water flux. Since the RO concentrated and deionized water was selected as the feed solution in the FO experiment, it was found that the higher concentration of feed solution, but the smaller the forwarding water flux.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Reverse osmosis
Controlled terms:Concentration (process) - Desalination - Energy utilization - Nitrogen fertilizers - Potash - Potassium chloride - Potassium Nitrate - Sodium nitrate - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water desalinations - Draw solutions - Feed solution - Fertilizer draw - Fertilizer-drawn forward osmose - Forward osmosis - Membrane separation - Reverse osmose concentrated water - Salt flux - Water flux
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Molar concentration 2.00E+03mol/m3, Molar concentration 5.00E+02mol/m3 to 2.00E+03mol/m3, Molar concentration 5.00E+02mol/m3, Volume 4.00E-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20214711218126
Title:Temporal and spatial evolution of rainfall concentration and its influencing factors in Northwest China
Title of translation:&#35199;&#21271;&#22320;&#21306;&#38477;&#38632;&#38598;&#20013;&#24230;&#26102;&#31354;&#28436;&#21464;&#21450;&#20854;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;
Authors:Jia, Lu (1); Yu, Kunxia (1); Deng, Mingjiang (1); Li, Peng (1, 2); Li, Zhanbin (1); Shi, Peng (1, 2); Xu, Guoce (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Mingjiang(xjdmj@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:16
Issue date:August 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:80-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of rainfall concentration against the global climate change in the Northwest region of China. Mann-Kendall trend test and change-point detection were carried out on a series of monthly raster rainfall data in the Northwest region from 1960 to 2017. Morlet wavelet was also used to analyze the periodic change in rainfall concentration. Moreover, a hotspot analysis was made on the spatial distribution and aggregation characteristics of rainfall concentration. A cross-wavelet analysis was used to explore the relationship between atmospheric circulation factors and rainfall concentration, thereby determining the influence of landform distribution on rainfall concentration. The results showed that: 1) The average rainfall concentration presented a decreasing trend in the Northwest region and the three sub-regions (subarea 1 which is in the west of "Qice Line", subarea 2 which is between "Yangguan Line" and "Qice Line", and subarea 3 which is between "Hu Line" and "Yangguan Line") from 1960 to 2017, where there were significant change-points (P&lt;0.05). Specifically, the average rainfall concentration in subarea 1 showed a significant downward trend (P&lt;0.05). The significant change-points in rainfall concentration of the entire study area were mainly concentrated in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the maximum multi-year average rainfall concentration was distributed in subarea 2. There was also uneven rainfall distribution during the year, indicating obvious seasonal changes. Some areas were abnormally concentrated or continued to decrease, thereby flatting the distribution of rainfall over the year in the future. 2) The average rainfall concentration varied greatly in the entire study area. Specifically, the three sub-regions from 1960 to 2017 presented a main cycle of about 40 a, and a secondary cycle of about 24 a. The overall cycle changes of rainfall concentration in the entire study area and three sub-regions remained the same, indicating no obvious difference. 3) There were cold and hot spots in the spatial distribution of rainfall concentration from 1960 to 2017. The rainfall concentration in cold spots showed a significant decreasing trend (P&lt;0.05), while continued to decrease in the future. The rainfall concentration in hotspots presented an insignificant decreasing trend (P&gt;0.05). The interannual variation was higher than that in cold spots. 4) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decade Oscillation Index (PDO) presented a strong influence on the changes in rainfall concentration, where different atmospheric circulation factors had different effects on rainfall concentration. At the same time, the distribution difference of landform in Northwest China has a certain impact on the change of rainfall concentration. The rainfall concentration in the high mountainous landforms is the highest, with an average of 28.55. Consequently, much more attention can be paid to the influence of abnormal factors of atmospheric circulation on rainfall concentration, especially the distribution of rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions over the year. The findings can provide scientific support to ecological and environmental protection, as well as the response to water resources in the Northwest region.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Climate change - Concentration (process) - Landforms - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Cold spots - Hotspots - Influencing factor - NorthWest China - Northwest regions - Rainfall concentration - Study areas - Sub-regions - Temporal and spatial changes - Temporal and spatial evolutions
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 443.3  Precipitation - 481.1  Geology - 902.1  Engineering Graphics - 921  Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.16.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.