<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20214111017714
Title:Comparison of the improvement efficacies for ensiling quality and biodegradation performance of sweet sorghum silage by different additives
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#28155;&#21152;&#21058;&#25913;&#21892;&#29980;&#39640;&#31921;&#38738;&#36142;&#36136;&#37327;&#21450;&#20854;&#38477;&#35299;&#24615;&#33021;&#27604;&#36739;
Authors:Ren, Haiwei (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yi (1); Liu, Yulong (1); Feng, Yinping (1); Zhang, Bingyun (2); Li, Jinping (2, 3); Li, Zhizhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Life Science and Engineering/Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, Gansu Province, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) Northwest Low-carbon Town Support Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Corresponding authors:Li, Jinping(lijinpijng77@163.com); Li, Jinping(lijinpijng77@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:283-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Sweet sorghum, a C4 energy crop, has gained much attention recently as a source of biofuel production, due mainly to its high biomass yields while requiring less water and fertilizer. However, the seasonal harvest of sweet sorghum needs to be preserved and stored for a year-round continuous supply. The anti-degradation barrier structure of native lignocellulose can also hinder the biodegradability of sweet sorghum. Particularly, the lignin remains an intact shielding to the degradable carbohydrate polymers against decomposition. Alternatively, the silage pretreatment and bioaugmentation can be combined to serve as an effective way for sweet sorghum, thereby maintaining a sustainable supply, while improving biodegradability. Furthermore, silage additives can also be selected to improve biodegradability and ensiling quality. For instance, the rumen fluid (waste from slaughterhouses) and biogas slurry (waste from biogas plant) display an anaerobic microbial ecosystem with cellulolytic activities. In this study, the rumen fluid and biogas slurry were added into the silages system of sweet sorghum for improved ensiling quality and biodegradation. A comparison was also made on the addition of rumen fluid and biogas slurry, cellulase, and xylanase additives, in terms of the fermentation, structural characteristics, and enzymatic saccharification of sweet sorghum silages. The sweet sorghum was bioaugmented-ensiled at four treatments, including the cellulase treatment (CT) with a dosage of 3 g/kg; xylanase treatment (XT) with a dosage of 3 g/kg; rumen fluid treatment (RT) with a dosage of 70 mL/kg; biogas slurry treatment (BT) with a dosage of 70 mL/kg, and one control group (CK, no-added additive), where all ensiled for 90 days at 18&#8451;. Silage samples were analyzed to determine the content of Dry Matter (DM), the organic Components including Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL), Water-Soluble Carbohydrates (WSC), and the fermentation properties, such as pH value, the content of lactic acid, acetic acid, and ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3</inf>-N). Furthermore, the structural characteristics of sweet sorghum before and after bioaugmented-ensiling were evaluated using an X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results showed that the pH value of four treatments with additives significantly dropped to below 4.3 (P &lt; 0.05), the ratio of Lactic Acid and Total Organic Acids (LA/TOA), and the ratio of Lactic Acid and Acetic Acid (LA/AA) were always higher than 0.6 and 2.0 during ensiling, respectively (Execp for the RT grap at god). Specifically, the content of NH<inf>3</inf>-N and acetic acid decreased, whereas, the content of lactic acid increased in the silages treated with the addition of cellulase and xylanase, as the pH value decreased. The addition of four additives all reduced the content of DM, WSC, NDF, ADL, and hemicellulose (HC), resulting in the increase of cellulose content and Theoretical Biodegradation Potential (TBP) of silages relative to raw material when ensiling for 90 days (P&lt;0.05). Therein, the optimal biodegradation effect of lignocellulosic components was achieved in the silages with the addition of biogas slurry. The results of SEM, FTIR, and X-ray showed that the compact lignocellulosic structure in the silages with the addition of RT and BT was disintegrated substantially, compared with raw materials. Specifically, a mass of holes and cracks on the microstructure surface appeared, while, the relative crystallization index in the silages declined sharply. The dynamic enzymatic saccharification for 72 hours showed that four additives efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis of bioaugmented-ensiled sweet sorghum, compared with the un-ensiled or control silages (CK). Particularly, the silages treated with BT presented the highest enzymatic hydrolysis yield of 84.69% after ensiled for 90 d. The bioaugmented-ensiled efficacy of biogas slurry was superior to that of rumen fluid, followed by cellulase and xylanase. Four additives improved ensiling quality and the biodegradation potential, further enhancing the enzymatic saccharification yield. The improvement was attributed to the restructuring of organic components, and the positive evolution of the lignocellulosic structure. Consequently, the bioaugmented ensiling with resourceful biogas slurry was recommended as the environmentally friendly and economic way to the simultaneous storage and biological conversion of sweet sorghum. Therefore, this work can open a new pathway for the trans-seasonally storage and bioaugmentation pretreatment for the energy crop of sweet sorghum. The finding can also provide a promising way for large-scale utilization of biogas slurry from biogas plants.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural wastes - Ammonia - Biodegradability - Biodegradable polymers - Biodegradation - Biogas - Biomass - Cellulose - Crops  - Lactic acid - Lignin - pH - Saccharification
Uncontrolled terms:Bio-augmentation - Biogas slurry - Cellulase and xylanase - Ensiling fermentation - Enzymatic saccharification - Fluid treatments - Rumen fluids - Slurry treatment - Structural characterization - Sweet sorghum
Classification code:461.8  Biotechnology - 522  Gas Fuels - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 801.2  Biochemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1  Polymeric Materials - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.466E-01yr, Mass 3.00E-03kg, Percentage 8.469E+01%, Specific volume 7.00E-05m3/kg, Time 2.592E+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20214111017541
Title:Design and experiment of the self-propelled agricultural mobile platform for wheat seeding
Title of translation:&#23567;&#40614;&#25773;&#31181;&#33258;&#36208;&#24335;&#20892;&#29992;&#31227;&#21160;&#24179;&#21488;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Xu, Qimeng (1); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1); Wang, Qingjie (1); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Wang, Chunlei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University/China Institute for Conservation Tillage, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station of Arable Land Conservation(Northern Hebei Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Zhuozhou; 072750, China
Corresponding authors:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn); Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Mobile platforms and autonomous vehicles have widely been used for agricultural specific tasks to reduce soil compaction and power consumption, as well as labor saving, compared with traditional large tractors and machinery. In this study, a kind of self-propelled mobile platform was designed for wheat seeding with high precision, high intensity, and strong repeatability in agricultural production. The CAN bus, synchronous multi-motor, and steering control mode were also adopted to implement the movement of mobile chassis in the longitudinal and horizontal directions, concurrently combining differential steering and electromotive push rod. Four control modules of the microcontroller unit (MCU) were designed to realize the communication and motion between platform devices, including serial communication, data acquisition, motion execution, and motor drive module. A four-wheel steering (4WS) fuzzy controller was also proposed using the Ackerman principle and the dynamic model. The total driving power and steering torque of mobile platforms were all evaluated to determine the type selection of servo motor and electromotive push rod. The velocity measurement of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and seeding depth control technique were utilized to implement the automatic precision seeding of wheat. The precision seeding was characterized by the use of an electric motor to replace the land wheel. The seeding rate was still controlled when travelling at a non-uniform speed. The travelling speed of the mobile platform was obtained as the input signal, while, the matched motor speed was then settled using GNSS high-precision positioning module. The rotation speed of the seed metering device was constantly readjusted to guarantee the uniformity of seeding. A field experiment was carried out, indicating that the GNSS precision seeding system was stable and reliable. Specifically, the uniform coefficient of variation between rows was not more than 1.8%, and the stability coefficient of seeding depth was not less than 89%. The drive control system presented high response sensitivity. The actual speed gradually approached the target speed after starting the servo motors for 2.6s. The speed synchronization errors tended to be relatively stable, indicating that the mobile platform performed strong anti-interference capability and speed consistency under the condition of loading. The steering control system implemented the wheel deflection, where the bogie frame was driven to rotate through the stroke change of the electromotive push rod. The test results demonstrated that the mean absolute error (MAE) of steering angle was less than 0.7&deg;, indicating that the control accuracy met the expected. This finding can be used to promote the development of intelligent equipment for wheat precision seeding and meet the demand for medium and high-level machinery equipment for agricultural modernization.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Automobile steering equipment - Control systems - Controllers - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Electric drives - Global positioning system - Simulation platform - Soil mechanics  - Speed - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural machinery equipment - Global Navigation Satellite Systems - Machinery equipments - Mobile platform - Precision seeding - Push rods - Seeding depth - Self-propelled - Servo-motor - Wheat seeding
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2  Machine Components - 662.4  Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731.1  Control Systems - 732.1  Control Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80E+00%, Percentage 8.90E+01%, Time 2.60E+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20214111017623
Title:Effects of ethylene glycol - ferric chloride pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cotton stalks
Title of translation:&#20057;&#20108;&#37255;-&#27695;&#21270;&#38081;&#39044;&#22788;&#29702;&#23545;&#26825;&#31174;&#37238;&#27700;&#35299;&#25928;&#29575;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Dong, Qian (1); Tang, Song (1); Xu, Lujiang (1); Fang, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Zhen(zhenfang@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:213-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cotton stalk rich in carbohydrates can widely be hydrolyzed and saccharified to produce biofuels and biochemicals. However, the dense and complex network structure makes it difficult to be hydrolyzed in normal cases. In this work, the cotton stalk was pretreated by ethylene glycol and ferric chloride, and subsequently enzymatic hydrolyzed to fermentable sugars for the production of value-added products. An orthogonal experiment was also carried out to optimize the pretreatment conditions, including the ferric chloride concentration, solid/liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Results showed that the influencing factors on the hemicellulose and lignin removal of the cotton stalk were ranked in order of the ferric chloride concentration &gt; solid/liquid ratio &gt; reaction temperature &gt; reaction time. The optimal conditions for the removal of lignin and hemicellulose were achieved, where 0.1 mol/L ferric chloride, 90%(v/v) ethylene glycol, solid/liquid ratio of 1:15 (w/v), reaction temperature 160 &deg;C, reaction time 20 min with 79.7% cellulose remaining, while 85.7% lignin and 88.9% hemicellulose removal, and cellulose content increased by 133.0%, hemicellulose and lignin content decreased by 67.2% and 58.0%, respectively. In addition, the structure and physical properties of the original and pretreated cotton stalk were characterized by N<inf>2</inf>-adsorption desorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental results indicated that the specific surface area and pore volume increased approximately by 420.8% and 450.0%, respectively, compared with the original one, particularly that the pore size rose to 1.7 nm. The increase of specific surface area, pore volume, and size greatly contributed to the enzyme accessibility to lignocelluloses. The crystallinity of pretreated cotton stalk also increased by 9.5%, compared with the original one. The removal of amorphous portion, hemicellulose, and lignin led only to the exposure of inner crystalline cellulose, thereby to fully access to cellulase for hydrolysis. The weight loss below 400 &deg;C was 63% for the original stalk, and 89% for the pretreated residue in the TGA test, respectively, indicating that the removal of lignin effectively made cotton stalk less thermally stable after pretreatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated stalks was conducted in a constant temperature shaker, where the cellulase loading of 8.3 FPU/g-dry substrate, substrate concentration of 5% (w/v), pH 4.8, temperature 50 &deg;C, and the rotary speed of 150 rpm. It was found that the concentration of ferric chloride posed a significant effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis, compared with solid/liquid ratio, reaction temperature, and time. The glucose yield reached the highest (88.5%) after 48 h from the sample pretreated under the optimal conditions. Furthermore, the cellulose in the pretreated cotton stalk was completely converted to glucose at the hydrolysis time of 72 h, and cellulase loading of 8.3 FPU/g. The glucose yield increased by 7.6 times than before. Consequently, the ethylene glycol and ferric chloride effectively removed the lignin and hemicellulose, while remained cellulose to promote hydrolysis efficiency. Longer hydrolysis time and enzyme loading can also enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis for cotton stalk pretreatment.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Chlorine compounds
Controlled terms:Cellulose - Chlorination - Complex networks - Cotton - Crystallinity - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Ethylene - Ethylene glycol - Iron compounds - Lignin  - Polyols - Pore size - Specific surface area - Thermogravimetric analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Biofuels and biochemicals - Cotton stalk - Enzymatic - Glucose yields - Hydrolysis time - Optimal conditions - Pore volume - Pre-treatments - Reaction temperature - Solid-liquid ratio
Classification code:722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 801  Chemistry - 801.2  Biochemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933.1  Crystalline Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Molar concentration 1.00E+02mol/m3, Percentage 1.33E+02%, Percentage 4.208E+02%, Percentage 4.50E+02%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.80E+01%, Percentage 6.30E+01%, Percentage 6.72E+01%, Percentage 7.97E+01%, Percentage 8.57E+01%, Percentage 8.85E+01%, Percentage 8.89E+01%, Percentage 8.90E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+01%, Percentage 9.50E+00%, Rotational speed 1.50E+02rpm, Size 1.70E-09m, Temperature 3.23E+02K, Temperature 4.33E+02K, Temperature 6.73E+02K, Time 1.20E+03s, Time 1.728E+05s, Time 2.592E+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20214111017657
Title:Effects of organic amendment depths on black soil pore structure using CT scanning technology
Title of translation:CT&#25195;&#25551;&#25216;&#26415;&#30740;&#31350;&#26377;&#26426;&#29289;&#26009;&#36824;&#30000;&#28145;&#24230;&#23545;&#40657;&#22303;&#23380;&#38553;&#32467;&#26500;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Qiu, Chen (1, 2); Han, Xiaozeng (1); Chen, Xu (1); Lu, Xinchun (1); Yan, Jun (1); Feng, Yutian (1); Gan, Jiawei (1, 2); Zou, Wenxiu (1); Liu, Guohui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin; 150081, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Heilongjiang Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Protection Station, Harbin; 150090, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Wenxiu(zouwenxiu@iga.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:98-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil structure is a key factor to determine the different functions of soil, such as water infiltration and retention, soil permeability, and nutrients availability. The dynamic behavior of soil also depends mainly on the tillage, crop roots, and soil organic matter return. Black soil is one of the most important arable soil with high clay content, but hard soil structure is one of the main factors limiting crop growth. It is still lacking on the effect of organic amendment on soil pore structure in the black soil. In this study, a field experiment was carried out in the black soil region located in Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province of China, in order to clarify the effects of organic amendment and depths on soil physical properties and pore structure before maize sowing in 2019. Four treatments were conducted using random block design with four replicates, including shallow tillage with maize straw return in 0-15 cm soil layer (T1), deep tillage with maize straw return (T2), or combined maize straw and organic manure return (T3) in 0-35 cm soil layer, conventional tillage without organic amendment as control. Maize straw and organic manure were also incorporated into the soil layers by shovel using manual work, where the application rates were 10 000 and 30 000 kg/hm², respectively. CT scanning was adopted to visualize and quantify soil pore structure after maize harvesting. The constant head method was used to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results demonstrated that the bulk density under T1, T2, and T3 treatments significantly decreased 3.77%-5.66%, compared with CK, while the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased by 2.2-5.00 times, and the field water capacity increased by 6.91%-11.01% within 0-15 cm soil layer (P&lt;0.05). T2 and T3 treatments also improved the bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and field water capacity within &gt;15-35 cm soil layer after one maize growing season. Furthermore, the number of soil pores and porosity of &gt;500 &mu;m aperture under T1, T2, and T3 treatments significantly increased by 18.1%-179.9% and 69.2%-256% (P&lt;0.05) in 0-15 cm soil layer, respectively, compared with CK treatment (P&lt;0.05). Specifically, the soil porosity of &gt;1 000 &mu;m aperture were more 17.4%-196.2% under T2 treatment than the rest. It infers that the treatments with organic amendment increased the number of soil pores with optimal distribution. In addition, the complexity and connectivity of soil pore also increased significantly, in presence of connected and sender pore. The Euler number values under T1, T2, and T3 treatments were decreased by 21.7%-54.3%, whereas, the fractal dimension under T1 treatment increased by 1.5% in 0-15 cm soil layer (P&lt;0.05), compared with CK treatment. T2 and T3 treatments improved the soil pore structure in &gt;15-35 cm soil layer, as shown in that the Euler decreased by 65.9%-70.5%, anisotropy and fractal dimension increased by 50.0%-110%, and 12.8%-13.9%, respectively, compared with CK treatment (P&lt;0.05). The Euler and porosity of &gt;1 000 &mu;m aperture presented the largest contribution both for the bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 0-35 cm soil layer, whereas, the anisotropy and Euler presented the largest contribution for the field capacity in 0-15 cm and &gt;15-35 cm soil layers. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the extremely significant negative relationship was found between bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, field water capacity, soil porosity within 0-15 cm soil layer (P&lt;0.01), while the extremely significant or significant correlation was found between bulk density and all indicators, excepting for the anisotropy and Euler. Consequently, the improved physical properties of soil were attributed to the fact that the organic amendment regulated soil structure, including optimal distribution of soil pore, complex, and connectivity of pore structure. Correspondingly, the organic amendment can be expected to serve as an effective approach for the pore structure of black soil. It is also necessary to consider the response of soil pore structure in the decomposition of returned organic manure in the future.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Porosity
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Crops - Fertilizers - Hydraulic conductivity - Infiltration - Manures - Pore structure - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Combined straw and organic manure return - Connectivity - CT scanning - Organic amendments - Organic manure - Pores structure - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil layer - Soil pores - Structure visualizations
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass 0.00E00kg, Percentage 1.28E+01% to 1.39E+01%, Percentage 1.50E+00%, Percentage 1.74E+01% to 1.962E+02%, Percentage 1.81E+01% to 1.799E+02%, Percentage 2.17E+01% to 5.43E+01%, Percentage 3.77E+00% to 5.66E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+01% to 1.10E+02%, Percentage 6.59E+01% to 7.05E+01%, Percentage 6.91E+00% to 1.101E+01%, Percentage 6.92E+01% to 2.56E+02%, Size 0.00E00m, Size 0.00E00m to 1.50E-01m, Size 0.00E00m to 3.50E-01m, Size 1.50E-01m to 3.50E-01m, Size 5.00E-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20214111017549
Title:Connotation and trends of agricultural spatial planning in the ecological civilization era
Title of translation:&#29983;&#24577;&#25991;&#26126;&#26102;&#20195;&#20892;&#19994;&#31354;&#38388;&#35268;&#21010;&#20869;&#28085;&#21450;&#21457;&#23637;&#36235;&#21183;
Authors:Fu, Haiying (1); Chang, Ruifu (1); He, Miao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Ruifu(changruifu@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:323-330
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Agricultural space is one of the most important parts of the territorial space, particularly for agriculture production and rural living. Agricultural spatial planning is an overall arrangement about the protection, utilization, renovation, and restoration of agricultural space during a specific period. Specifically, the territorial spatial planning aims to optimize the agricultural spatial structure for the implementation of rural development strategy. It is also necessary to improve the national food security, agricultural efficiency, and competitiveness in the construction of ecological civilization. Three categories are often divided into the plans of agricultural space: 1) protection of cultivated land, 2) utilization of regional division, 3) rural territory consolidation, such as the readjustment of farmland, and rural construct land, as well as ecological restoration. These plans have greatly contributed to the management of land space at different stages of rural development. However, most plans focused only on one activity or one element of agricultural space, leading to low efficiency of space protection, and the disorder of space utilization, even the destruction of the ecological environment system. Six development trends can also be found in the utilization of agricultural space in the era of ecological civilization, multi functions of agriculture, high-quality of consumption demand, green development mode, digitization of development means, urban-rural integration, and industrial integration of development path. In this study, seven strategies were also proposed. 1) The structure of the agricultural spatial system was optimized using the concept of life community. 2) A trade-off was coordinated between the baselines of security and social-economic development, thereby promoting the harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 3) Three systems were also necessary to be built, in response to the demands for high-quality products, life, and ecological environment. First, the classified protection was composed of various agricultural land for different products, such as the permanent basic farmland for food security, grain, and key agro-product production protection areas for stable supply, as well as the predominant areas of characteristic agricultural products for competitive advantage. Second, the efficient utilization system consisted of regional distribution, the whole industrial chain, and agricultural parks layout. Third, the consolidation and restoration system also included quantity supplement, quality improvement of farmland, and rural ecological restoration. 4) Regional distribution of agriculture was optimized, according to main functions. 5) The industrial chains were relocated suitable for the green development. 6) Agriculture parks were necessary to integrate the urban-rural and industrial communities. 7) The efficiency of planning and management was also improved using digital technology. Therefore, this finding can provide a promising insightful idea for the territorial spatial planning.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Restoration
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Competition - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Efficiency - Farms - Food supply - Land use - Planning  - Regional planning - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Consolidation and restoration - Development trends - Ecological civilization - Ecological restoration - Food security - Planning strategies - Protection - Rural development - Spatial planning - Utilization
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 731.5  Robotics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 912.2  Management - 913.1  Production Engineering - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20214111017593
Title:Evaluation of flood disaster risk in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor by combination weighting based on improved game theory and grid data
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26684;&#32593;&#25968;&#25454;&#21644;&#21338;&#24328;&#35770;&#32452;&#21512;&#36171;&#26435;&#30340;&#20013;&#24052;&#32463;&#27982;&#36208;&#24266;&#27946;&#28798;&#39118;&#38505;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Wu, Ruiying (1); Sun, Huaiwei (1); Yan, Dong (1); Tao, Hui (2); Liao, Weihong (3); Chen, Haorui (3); Gui, Dongwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi; 830011, China; (3) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Huaiwei(hsun@hust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:145-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a pilot and key area of China's "One Belt and One Road" Initiative. Achieving accurate and reliable flood risk assessment in this region was a key issue. Based on the daily precipitation data set in the 0.25&deg;&times;0.25&deg; grid data set (V1) of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, an evaluation index system composed of multiple variables was constructed by comprehensively considering the disaster causing factors, disaster environment, and disaster bearing body, etc. This study proposed an improved game theory coupled with the subjective weight of intuitionistic fuzzy hierarchy analysis and the objective weight based on the index Correlation (Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation, CRITIC), which can be used to calculate the optimal combination weight. Taking the CPEC as a typical research area to conduct a case study of flood risk assessment and research on its interdecadal evolution characteristics. A case study of flood risk assessment was carried out, and its interdecadal evolution characteristics were studied. At the same time, it has strengthened the research on the index system of risk assessment in the CPEC and the construction of the weight model. In order to obtain theoretical reference and decision support for sustainable development and infrastructure construction in key areas and provided effective information for flood disaster forecasting. The results showed that: 1) By the improved model, the extreme zones of floods were continuously enlarged, and the description of their distribution was more refined and perfect. The flood area calculated in 2010 was 14.9&times;10⁴ km², and the correlated coefficient between the calculated flood area and the actual flood area was 0.66. The flood risk assessment method developed was reasonable and reliable, and the evaluation results were basically in line with the actual flood in Pakistan in 2010. 2) The flood risk was greatly affected by precipitation and topography, and the spatial distribution of the flood risk degree was greater in the southeast than in the northwest in CPEC. 3) Medium and high-risk areas accounted for 28.5% of the study area, mainly the areas with small topographic changes, dense river network, and concentrated population distribution, which indicates the attention should be paid to the impact and harm of floods on social and economic development in CPEC. 4) The region's high-risk areas of flood disasters expanded with the interdecadal changes from 1990 to 2010. Changes in the degree of risk over time could be obtained by comparing these results. Among them, rainfall was the most obvious influence factor. Its intensity range and duration were important and played a decisive role in the possibility of flood disasters. Under the conditions of large intensity, wide area, and long duration, flood risk zones of flood disasters will change. The most obvious was the expansion of medium-high and high-risk areas. 5) There were some differences in the scope of flood risk zones in different return periods, but the overall risk trend was consistent. Compared with the high scenario (once in 100 years), the scope of low and medium low-risk areas increased significantly, the scope of medium risk areas expanded slightly, and the area of medium-high and high-risk areas decreased. The decreased areas were mainly distributed in the southern region of the northwest border and eastern Punjab Province. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combined weight assignment based on the improved game theory has realized the optimization calculation of the combination weight under the unit constraint, and the index weight assignment is more scientific and reasonable.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Floods
Controlled terms:Decision support systems - Disasters - Economic and social effects - Economics - Flood control - Fuzzy sets - Game theory - Planning - Precipitation (chemical) - Risk assessment  - Risk management - Rivers - Sustainable development - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:China-pakistan economic corridor - Data set - Flood areas - Flood disaster - Flood risk assessments - Flood risks - Grid data - High-risk areas - Pakistan - Risks assessments
Classification code:442.1  Flood Control - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 912.2  Management - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.1  Probability Theory - 951  Materials Science - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00E+02yr, Percentage 2.85E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20214111017580
Title:Effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on surface soil-water movement parameters in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Title of translation:&#40644;&#22303;&#39640;&#21407;&#34259;&#31867;&#29983;&#29289;&#32467;&#30382;&#23545;&#34920;&#23618;&#22303;&#22756;&#27700;&#20998;&#36816;&#21160;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Sun, Fuhai (1); Xiao, Bo (2); Li, Shenglong (1); Wang, Fangfang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, Bo(xiaobo@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:79-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are the common living skin of the land face in arid and semiarid regions. They greatly change the hydropedological features and soil-water movement of surface soil. But the influencing mechanism is still lacking, especially on water infiltration and retention. Taking the Loess Plateau of China as a study area, this study aims to explore the effects of moss-dominated biocrusts on the fundamental parameters in the surface soil-water movement, with emphasis on the characteristics of water infiltration and water retention. The moss biocrusts (naturally developed for &gt; 30 years) and uncrusted soil formed on the aeolian sandy and loess soil were firstly collected in the Liudaogou watershed in the northern Loess Plateau. Afterwards, four treatments were carried out to measure the parameters of Boltzmann transformation, soil water diffusivity, infiltration, specific water capacity, and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity on-site or in the laboratory after sampling. A comparison was finally made on the soil-water movement parameters between the biocrusts and uncrusted soil. The results showed that the biocrust layer impeded the horizontal movement of surface soil water both in the aeolian sandy and loess soil. Specifically, the Boltzmann transformation parameter and soil water diffusivity of biocrusts decreased compared with the uncrusted soil. Moreover, the biocrusts highly decreased the water infiltrability of surface soil, subsequently the whole soil profile. The initial, stable, and average infiltration rates of biocrusts, the cumulative infiltration amount and unsaturated water conductivity of biocrusts decreased compared with the uncrusted soil. Additionally, the mean values of soil water parameters (including saturated water content, field capacity, wilting point, gravitational water content, available water content, and readily available water content) and specific water capacity at soil suction of 100 kPa of biocrusts were 40.9%-1 233.3% and 7.4%-1540.5% higher than that of the uncrusted soil, respectively, implying that the biocrusts greatly improved the soil water holding capacity and availability. Most importantly, the low infiltrability and high water holding capacity of moss biocrusts were closely related to the contents of sand and silt, as well as the organic matter in the biocrust layer. The biocrusts that developed on the aeolian sandy soil presented weaker effects on the soil infiltrability, but stronger effects on the water retention and availability, compared with the biocrusts on the loess soil. The reason was that there was a 1-2 cm thick layer with particular properties (e.g., soil texture, organic matter content, and bulk density) in the moss biocrusts. Therefore, the availability of soil water increased greatly, whereas, the diffusivity and infiltrability decreased significantly in this case. Consequently, the biocrusts can possibly make the upper soil (such as 0-50 cm) retain more water, while inhibiting the water infiltration into the deep soils after rainfall. Subsequently, the availability of soil water can be altered for the water use strategy of vegetation in fragile arid and semiarid ecosystems of the Loess Plateau.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Diffusion in liquids - Hydraulic conductivity - Infiltration - Landforms - Sand - Sediments - Silt
Uncontrolled terms:Biological soil crusts - Crust - Hydraulic characteristic - Soil water - Soil water movement - Specific water capacity - Surface soil - Water diffusivity - Water infiltration - Water retention
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1  Hydraulics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00E+01yr, Percentage 2.333E+02%, Percentage 4.09E+01%, Percentage 7.40E+00% to 1.5405E+03%, Pressure 1.00E+05Pa, Size 0.00E00m to 5.00E-01m, Size 1.00E-02m to 2.00E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20214111017703
Title:Impacts of different grades of drought on winter wheat yield in North China Plain
Title of translation:&#21326;&#21271;&#24179;&#21407;&#19981;&#21516;&#31561;&#32423;&#24178;&#26097;&#23545;&#20908;&#23567;&#40614;&#20135;&#37327;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Sun, Shuang (1, 2); Yang, Xiaoguang (2); Zhang, Zhentao (2); Zhao, Jin (2); Liu, Zhijuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xiaoguang(yangxg@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:69-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">North China Plain is one of the most important crop production bases in China, particularly on the sowing area and winter wheat yield in national food security. Meanwhile, the most serious agro-meteorological disaster, drought has posed a great threat to the yield of winter wheat in this region. Therefore, this study aims to explore the impacts of different drought grades on the yield of winter wheat using the management data of crop, soil, and field. The daily weather data was also collected from 44 meteorological stations in the North China Plain from 1981 to 2017. The crop water deficit index (CWDI) was employed for the agricultural drought. A validated agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) was utilized to evaluate the effects of different drought grades on the yield and production of winter wheat during growing stages from jointing to flowering date and from flowering to maturity date. The results showed that there was a spatially higher yield reduction rate in the north than the south in the study area when the drought occurred during growing stages from jointing to flowering date, and from flowering to maturity date of winter wheat. Furthermore, the yield reduction rate caused by drought during the growing stage from flowering to maturity date was higher than that during the growing stage from jointing to flowering date (26.8% vs. 19.1%). In addition, the winter wheat yield suffered the most from drought in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, whereas the least in Henan Province. The yield reduction rate increased significantly, with the increase of drought grades. Specifically, the yield reduction rates under the light, moderate, and severe drought during the stage from flowering to maturity date were 16.5% (3.0%-47.8%), 32.8% (9.9%-54.2%), and 44.9% (11.9%-63.5%), respectively. The yield reduction rates under the light, moderate, and severe drought during the stage from jointing to flowering date were 10.3% (2.1%-25.3%), 18.8% (5.4%-36.0%), and 28.6% (10.6%-45.9%), respectively. Among three regions, the winter wheat yield suffered the most in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region at the same drought level, while suffered the least in Henan province, except for the severe drought during the stage from jointing to flowering date, during which suffered the least in Shandong province. There was also a gradual increase in the effect of different grade droughts on winter wheat production from southwest to northeast actual planting areas. The winter wheat production in Shandong province suffered the most from the severe drought during growing stages from jointing to flowering date and from flowering to maturity date of winter wheat, but the least in Henan province in practice. The total yield suffered the least in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. In the case of light and moderate drought during the growing stage from jointing to flowering date, the most effect in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the least effect in Henan province. In the case of light and moderate drought during the growing stage from flowering to maturity date, the most effect was shown in Shandong province, while the least effect in Henan province.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Drought - Food supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural production system - Agricultural production system simulator - Grade - Growing stages - North China Plain - Reduction rate - System simulator - Winter wheat - Yield - Yield reduction
Classification code:443.3  Precipitation - 444  Water Resources - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.03E+01%, Percentage 1.06E+01% to 4.59E+01%, Percentage 1.19E+01% to 6.35E+01%, Percentage 1.65E+01%, Percentage 1.88E+01%, Percentage 1.91E+01%, Percentage 2.10E+00% to 2.53E+01%, Percentage 2.68E+01%, Percentage 2.86E+01%, Percentage 3.00E+00% to 4.78E+01%, Percentage 3.28E+01%, Percentage 4.49E+01%, Percentage 5.40E+00% to 3.60E+01%, Percentage 9.90E+00% to 5.42E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20214111017962
Title:Discrimination of the feeding status of recirculating aquaculture fish via machine vision and reflective corrugated Fourier spectrum
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;&#26426;&#22120;&#35270;&#35273;&#21644;&#20613;&#37324;&#21494;&#39057;&#35889;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#24490;&#29615;&#27700;&#20859;&#27542;&#40060;&#31867;&#25668;&#39135;&#29366;&#24577;&#21028;&#21035;
Authors:Chen, Yuqi (1); Feng, Dejun (1); Gui, Fukun (1); Qu, Xiaoyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China; (2) College of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China
Corresponding author:Qu, Xiaoyu(quxiaoyu@zjou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:155-162
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) has widely been acknowledged as eco-friendly land-based aquaculture since only a limited amount of water is used in recirculation. There is also much greater potential in modern intensive aquaculture, compared with conventional fish production. A key feature of RAS is the high precise controlling of the water environment in the rearing tank and the feeding of rearing fish. Water environmental parameters (such as water temperature, and oxygen levels) can provide stable and optimal conditions for less stress and better growth during fish living. In addition, fish feeding plays a vital role in RAS, because starvation may impact the organizational structures of fish, whereas, overfeeding may threaten the survival of animals, as well as the water quality. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the strategy of fish feeding in RAS. Currently, the feeding events are mainly implemented by the feeding machine with predetermined and fixed feeding times and quantities, according to the experience rather than the real fish appetite. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate the fish behavior pattern and appetite in the feeding strategy for a higher performance of RAS. In this study, an innovative evaluation of fish feeding behavior was proposed using Fourier spectrum feature extraction and support vector machines (SVM) classification. The degree of surface ripple dispersion was considered to predict the fish feeding behavior, rather than the only movement of fish bodies in conventional cases. Firstly, a high-speed video camera was used to capture the process before and after feeding. The video images were then converted from RGB to HSV space, where the background including the water ripple was subtracted, and the contrast was enhanced via the thresholds of saturation and brightness. Secondly, fast Fourier transform (FFT) was adopted to transform the image information from the spatial to a frequency domain. The fluctuation level of ripples in the image was regarded as an indicator of fish appetite using the amplitudes in the frequency spectrum. Specifically, the frequency spectrum was characterized by a high frequency, short period, and a large sum of amplitudes, when the fishes presented high appetite, and vice versa. Thirdly, the database of feature vectors was generated using the self-developed loop filters with various diameters. Finally, the obtained feature vector was trained to SVM. The feature vector of the SVM model was then optimized, where the optimal kernel width and penalty coefficient were selected to efficiently judge the feeding desire of fish during the cross validation. Moreover, a comparison was conducted to verify the efficiency, among the proposed, optical flow, image texture, shape, and texture features. As such, the original interference condition was transformed into the judgment, indicating the better universality of RAS against the high fish density, unstable water surface ripple, and dark light in the system. A field test also demonstrated that a high accuracy of 99.24% was achieved in judging the feeding behavior of farmed fish in RAS. In practice, it is strongly recommended to take videos of farmed fish as the training data for the classifier of fish feeding behavior. Consequently, the improved RAS can also be incorporated into the feeding machine to supervise the real-time smart and precise feeding events in modern aquaculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Computer vision - Feature extraction - Feeding - Fish - Frequency domain analysis - High speed cameras - Image enhancement - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis  - Vectors - Video cameras - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Features vector - Feeding behavior - Fish feeding behavior - Fourier spectra - Machine-vision - Recirculating aquaculture system - Support vectors machine - The fourier transform - The image processing
Classification code:445.2  Water Analysis - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 716.4  Television Systems and Equipment - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5  Computer Applications - 741.2  Vision - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921.1  Algebra - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.924E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20214111017536
Title:Characteristics of pore structure and permeability in soil crust using 3D X-CT images
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#19977;&#32500;X-CT&#22270;&#20687;&#30340;&#32467;&#30382;&#22303;&#22756;&#23380;&#38553;&#32467;&#26500;&#29305;&#24449;&#19982;&#28183;&#36879;&#29575;
Authors:Xu, Zhisun (1); Hu, Wulong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Green & Smart River-Sea-Going Ship, Cruise and Yacht Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding authors:Hu, Wulong(wulong.hu@whut.edu.cn); Hu, Wulong(wulong.hu@whut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:89-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Surface crusts are often hardened with the platy surface of soil layers, particularly widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. There are also some important influences on the soil and water conservation, as well as the ecological environment, due mainly to the special pore structure and hydraulic characteristics. In this study, three-dimensional images of real soil crust samples were acquired to characterize pore morphology and structure distribution, combining X-ray tomography with pore-scale simulation. The water infiltration process was then simulated in soil samples, thereby to quantitatively analyze the relationship between pore structure and hydraulic characteristics. Three soil samples were collected with the surface crust (the porosity of 0.196, 0.144, and 0.093) using X-ray tomography. Furthermore, a systematic investigation was made on the variation of pore structure along the depth direction of crust soil samples. Specifically, each soil sample was then sliced into 9 layers from the upper surface with each layer of 100 voxels depth. The permeability of each soil layer was then calculated using the lattice Boltzmann method. Subsequently, the correlation analysis was conducted between structural characteristic parameters and permeability. A fractal dimension model was also proposed to calculate the permeability using soil porosity and complexity. The pore structure analysis showed that the porosity and pore connectivity of the surface and bottom layer were smaller than those of the intermediate soil layer in the three soil samples. The maximum pore connectivities of soil layers were 99.21%, 94.64%, and 57.35% in the three soil samples located in the middle of the soil, respectively. The minimum were 45.99%, 27.30%, and 11.74%, respectively, located at both ends of the soil sample. The pore structure of topsoil was different from that of the adjacent soil layer, where the variation coefficient was E&gt;5%. The average pore diameter of each soil layer decreased, with the increase of depth, from 0.43, 0.37, and 0.50 mm to 0.15, 0.14, and 0.14 mm, respectively. More importantly, the soil layer with higher porosity presented better pore connectivity and lower pore complexity, where the correlation coefficient was 0.972. The permeability calculation showed that the surface layer of soil samples behaved low local permeability of 7.472, 0.006, and 6.960 &mu;m² in the three samples, respectively, indicating there was a blocking effect of crust on soil seepage. Better permeability was achieved in the soil layer with higher porosity, better pore connectivity, and lower pore complexity. As such, a new permeability prediction model was finally proposed, where the specific surface area in the Kozeny-Carman equation was replaced by pore complexity. A higher prediction accuracy was obtained in the improved model, where the determination coefficient R² increased from 0.96 to 0.98, while the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 25.06 to 18.31 &mu;m², compared with the simplified one. This finding can offer strong support to water resources management and ecological environment protection in arid and semi-arid areas.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Fractal dimension - Infiltration - Mechanical permeability - Morphology - Pore structure - Porosity - Soil conservation - Soil surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Lattice boltzmann - Permeability - Pore connectivity - Pores structure - Soil crusts - Soil layer - Soil sample - Structure characteristic - X-CT
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921  Mathematics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.174E+01%, Percentage 2.73E+01%, Percentage 4.599E+01%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.735E+01%, Percentage 9.464E+01%, Percentage 9.921E+01%, Size 1.40E-04m, Size 2.506E-05m to 1.831E-05m, Size 5.00E-04m to 1.50E-04m, Size 6.96E-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20214111017627
Title:Evolution characteristic of terrestrial water storage change and its attribution analysis over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin
Title of translation:&#38597;&#40065;&#34255;&#24067;&#27743;&#27969;&#22495;&#38470;&#22320;&#27700;&#20648;&#37327;&#21464;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#24402;&#22240;
Authors:Liu, Liu (1, 2); Wang, Xuanxuan (1, 2); Niu, Qiankun (1, 2); Lun, Yurui (1, 2); Cheng, Qiuya (1, 2); Cheng, Lei (3); Xu, Zongxue (4, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan; 430072, China; (4) College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (5) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing; 100875, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:135-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been greatly sensitive to global climate change in recent years, particularly the change in water storage. However, the differences in multi-source data and calculation have caused great uncertainty in the accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage. Taking the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin located in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the study area, this study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of terrestrial water storage change (TWSC). The performance evaluation of TWSC was conducted using the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) data from 2003 to 2017, combining with ERA5 (the fifth-generation reanalysis product of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) data. Four sets of TWSC were obtained using ERA5 data and GLDAS data from 2003 to 2017, where the terrestrial water balance (PER) and the summation (SS) were used to estimate TWSC, compared with TWSC derived from GRACE. It was found that TWSC estimated by the SS was more consistent than the PER in both temporal and spatial patterns with TWSC derived from GRACE, whereas, TWSC estimated by the SS using GLDAS was most consistent with the results from GRACE over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. A sensitivity analysis was carried out using GLDAS and the SS, in order to further investigate the influence of different components on the estimation of TWSC. It was found that SS (GLDAS) performed best for TWSC estimation over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, when only soil moisture and snow water equivalent were taken into consideration, with the basin average TWSC correlation coefficient of 0.53. Therefore, the SS calculated from the soil moisture and snow water equivalent was utilized to further explore the long-term temporal and spatial evolution of TWSC from 1948 to 2017 over the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin. TWSC showed a significantly increasing trend from 1948 to 2017. The wavelet analysis indicated that there was an abrupt change in TWSC around 2002 during 1948-2017. There was a significant increase before 2002 (slope=0.024 mm/month, P&lt;0.01), and a significant decrease (slope=-0.397 mm/month, P&lt;0.01) after 2002. The change trend of soil water content and snow water equivalent before and after 2002 is consistent with TWSC. Additional attribution analysis was performed on the abrupt change in TWSC before and after 2002. The contributions of changes in soil moisture and snow water equivalent to TWSC were 61% and 39% during 1948-2002, respectively, whereas, a much more significant domination of soil moisture was identified during 2003-2017. The contributions of changes in soil moisture and snow water equivalent to TWSC were 99% and 1%, respectively. Compared with the change in snow water equivalent, the change in soil moisture dominated the long-term variation of TWSC during 1948-2017. In terms of spatial distribution, TWSC showed a large spatial heterogeneity, mainly in the middle reaches with a high intensity of human activities and the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin with intensive glaciers. The finding can provide reliable data support to explore the spatio-temporal evolution of terrestrial water storage in data-scarce alpine regions.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Rivers - Sensitivity analysis - Snow - Snow melting systems - Soil moisture - Watersheds - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:'Dry' [ - Dry-wet regime - ERA5 - Global land data assimilation system - Gravity recovery and climate experiments - Land data assimilation systems - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Storage changes - Terrestrial water storage - Waters resources
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 443.3  Precipitation - 444.1  Surface Water - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 3.90E+01%, Percentage 6.10E+01%, Percentage 9.90E+01%, Size -3.97E-04m, Size 2.40E-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20214111017707
Title:Prediction model of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture based on improved long short-term memory neural network
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;&#25913;&#36827;&#38271;&#30701;&#26102;&#35760;&#24518;&#31070;&#32463;&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#27700;&#20135;&#20859;&#27542;&#28342;&#35299;&#27687;&#39044;&#27979;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Cao, Shouqi (1, 2); Zhou, Lixin (1, 2); Zhang, Zheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Marine Renewable Energy, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding authors:Zhang, Zheng(z-zhang@shou.edu.cn); Zhang, Zheng(z-zhang@shou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:235-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Dissolved oxygen (DO) has become an important parameter to predict water quality in modern aquaculture. The excessive or insufficient DO content in the water has posed a great impact on the metabolism and physiological functions of breeding organisms, even a threat to normal growth. However, DO is also characterized by nonlinear, large inertia, strong coupling, and time-varying, while easily affected by many factors, such as weather, water quality, and human activities. Therefore the DO prediction is highly demanding for the reduction and prevention of aquaculture disaster in safe agricultural production. In this study, a hybrid DO prediction model was proposed in aquaculture using K-means clustering and improved long short-term memory neural network (KLSTM). Meanwhile, the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) was introduced to optimize the parameter selection of the model, thereby predicting the change of DO in aquaculture from the perspective of time series. The similarity among variables was calculated, according to the weight of influencing factors under different weather conditions. K-means clustering was then applied to divide the dataset into multiple clusters. The periodic changes and trends of variables were determined to optimize the selection of training samples, while reducing the running time of the whole model. An LSTM-DO prediction model was then established for aquaculture using deep learning frameworks. The KLSTM-PSO prediction curve was closer to the actual one than others, indicating a higher prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the prediction error of the model fluctuated less, while the prediction accuracy was higher in good weather conditions. The MAPE, RMSE, MAE, and NSC of the proposed model were 0.129 5, 0.645 3, 0.461 3, and 0.902 2, respectively, when the weather changed suddenly. The best NSC performance was found in the IPSO-KLSTM neural network among the six models. On August 8, the NSC of IPSO-KLSTM was 0.902 2, that of PSO-KLSTM was 0.887 6, that of PSO-LSSVM was 0.864 6, and that of LSTM, ELM and BP were 0.857 7, 0.826 6 and 0.829 8 respectively, indicating a higher prediction performance of the model with the optimized selection of samples and parameters. Similarly, the average RMSE of the model was improved by 17.10%, 24.89%, and 24.21%, respectively, compared with the single LSTM, ELM, and BP models, indicating a higher tolerance to the anomaly or missing sensor data caused by uncertain mixed weather conditions. Correspondingly, the LSTM neural network was an effective way to predict DO content in the intensive aquaculture, further to balance the stability and accuracy of prediction. Therefore, the IPSO-KLSTM was widely expected to serve as the optimal sample selection, with the low interference between different samples under the weather conditions, and high tolerance to emergencies for a higher prediction accuracy. The finding can offer a highly accurate prediction framework to track the dissolved oxygen in modern aquaculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Long short-term memory
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aquaculture - Brain - Dissolved oxygen - Forecasting - K-means clustering - Meteorology - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Clusterings - Dissolved oxygen contents - Improved PSO - K-means++ clustering - Neural-networks - Normal growth - Physiological functions - Prediction accuracy - Prediction modelling - Strong-coupling
Classification code:445.2  Water Analysis - 461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.5  Robotics - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.71E+01%, Percentage 2.421E+01%, Percentage 2.489E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20214111017662
Title:Design and experiment of the garlic seed metering device with double seed-filling chambers
Title of translation:&#21452;&#20805;&#31181;&#23460;&#22823;&#33948;&#21333;&#31890;&#21462;&#31181;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1, 2, 3); Liu, Quancheng (1); Li, Tianhua (1, 2, 3); Li, Yuhua (1, 2, 3); Lou, Wei (1, 2, 3); Geng, Aijun (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding authors:Geng, Aijun(gengaj@sdau.edu.cn); Geng, Aijun(gengaj@sdau.edu.cn); Geng, Aijun(gengaj@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:21-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Garlic is one of the most important economic crops widely planted with an annual planting area of 10 million mu in China. However, there is a relatively low mechanization level of garlic planting at present, particularly with high labor intensity and low efficiency. In this study, a garlic seed metering device with a double seed-filling chamber was designed for the better performance of mechanized sowing, including a high single seed rate, and a low missing rate of garlic. The device was composed mainly of a seed box (first seed-filling chamber), transmission shaft, transmission chain, sprocket, seed picking spoon, seed guard plate, second seed-filling chamber, and guiding port components. A systematic analysis was also made on the main structural parameters and working principles of device ware. An optimal arrangement was proposed for the series combination of the front and rear seeding spoon and the coordinated seeding ware. The speed of the first and second spoon was required to meet a reasonable seed takking speed ratio. The reason was that the number of garlic seeds was required not less than one in the second seed-filling room after the first spoon extracting garlic seed, in order to gain a low missing rate of garlic seeds. At the same time, a new mechanism was proposed to explain the decrease in the missing rate of garlic seed in the double seed-filling chamber. A discrete element software EDEM was used to analyze the influence of the speed of the first spoon and the thickness of the seed layer on the filling performance. The results show that the optimal seeding speed and thickness of the seed layer were beneficial to the filling of seeds. A kinetic model was established for the garlic seed filling and removal. The speed-time curve of garlic filling and removal was then determined in the second seed filling chamber. A piece of self-developed equipment was selected to verify the obtained data. A Box-Behnken central composite experiment was conducted to obtain the optimal working parameters for the garlic seed metering device with a double seed-filling chamber. A three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was also carried out, where the first order spoon speed, seed speed ratio, and seed layer thickness were taken as the influence factors, while the single seed qualified rate and the missing rate of garlic as the response indexes. A mathematical regression model was then established for the test factors and evaluation indexes after each experiment using Design-Export 8.0.6 data analysis software, where the parameters were optimized. Specifically, an optimal combination was achieved, where the speed of the first seed taking scoop was 0.12 m/s, the seed speed ratio was 0.75, and the seed layer thickness ranged from 360 to 390 mm. An indoor verification test was also carried out to verify. In this case, the single seed qualified rate, the missing rate, and the replay rate were 95.38%, 1.18%, and 3.44%, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 0.32%, 6.11%, and 4.15%, respectively, particularly, the relative error between the verified and predicted value was less than 5%. Furthermore, the mechanical damage rate of garlic seed was 0.52%, indicating the better adaptability to 3 types of garlic &#8545; grade seeds. The field test demonstrated that the data was consistent with the optimized one, indicating better performance than the previous device. This finding can provide sound guidance and reference to deal with the leakage of garlic planter.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Crops - Filling - Finite difference method - Machine design - Plants (botany) - Seed - Speed - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Discrete elements method - Garlic planter - Metering devices - Missing rate - Performance - Scoop-chain metering device - Seed filling - Seed-metering device - Single seeds - Speed ratio
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.18E+00%, Percentage 3.20E-01%, Percentage 3.44E+00%, Percentage 4.15E+00%, Percentage 5.00E+00%, Percentage 5.20E-01%, Percentage 6.11E+00%, Percentage 9.538E+01%, Size 3.60E-01m to 3.90E-01m, Velocity 1.20E-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20214111017624
Title:Nondestructive quantitative analysis of acetamiprid in apple based on enhanced raman spectra
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#22686;&#24378;&#25289;&#26364;&#20809;&#35889;&#30340;&#33529;&#26524;&#20013;&#21878;&#34411;&#33042;&#20892;&#33647;&#27531;&#30041;&#30340;&#26080;&#25439;&#23450;&#37327;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Peng, Yankun (1); Tian, Wenjian (1); Guo, Qinghui (1); Zhao, Xinlong (1); Qiao, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Research and Development Center for Agro-processing Equipment, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:310-316
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Determining the pesticide residues in fruits is of great significance to identify the edible safety of food for better sales volume. However, the non-destructive technology is still lacking for the detection of pesticide residues in apples, particularly for high efficiency, cost-saving, and easy operation. In this study, a new non-destructive analysis was developed to detect the pesticide residues using Raman spectroscopy. It also highly contributed to the rapid non-destructive detection and quantitative evaluation of pesticide residues on fruits. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was utilized to explore, where a new nicotinic pesticide with acetamiprid for pest control in apple production was taken as the research object, whereas, the rapid detection of apple pesticide residues using silver sol (AgNPs) as the enhanced substrate. The polymer sodium polyacrylate was added to the silver sol as a stabilizer, further to prevent the oxidation and deposition of silver sol during long-time storage. The pH value of silver sol was adjusted to change the adsorption state of pesticide molecules on the surface of silver colloidal particles. The silver sol presented the best enhancing performance on the Raman scattering of acetamiprid pesticidewhen the pH value was 6.5. Furthermore, 1 mol/L NaCl solution as a coagulant and mixed with silver sol in a ratio of 1:5 was greatly improved the SERS effect of acetamiprid, further promoting the adsorption between pesticide and silver colloidal particles. The SERS spectra of acetamiprid collected by the improved silver sol showed that there was a great enhancement in the effect of improved silver sol on Raman scattering. Specifically, the coefficient of variation of the SERS spectrum was reduced from 0.0625 to 0.0307, and the relative standard deviations of characteristic peak intensity at 627, 835, and 1107 cm^-1 were 6.14%, 6.83%, and 6.99%, respectively. The minimum detection limit of acetamiprid was reduced from 0.683 to 0.035 mg&bull;kg^-1. The improved silver sol was used to collect the SERS spectrum of apple samples containing acetamiprid. Different pretreatment and modeling were used to establish the prediction model of acetamiprid residue concentration on the surface of apple samples. The results showed that: A prediction model of acetamiprid pesticide residue in the apple was successfully established using the Kalman smoothing (Rauch-Tung-Striebel, RTS), fluorescence background deduction (asymmetrically reweighted Penalized Least Squares, arPLS), and extended multiplicative scattering correction (Extended Multiplicative Signal Correction, EMSC) pretreatment combined with partial least squares in the Raman spectral range of 400-2300 cm^-1. The predicted correlation coefficient (prediction coefficient, R<inf>p</inf>) was 0.974, the root mean square error of prediction (Root Mean Square Error of predictions, RMSEp) was 0.0441 mg/kg, the corrected correlation coefficient (correlation coefficient, R<inf>c</inf>) was 0.986, and the corrected root mean square error (Root Mean Square Errors of calibration, RMSEc) was 0.0369 mg/kg. When collecting signals from apples, in which the content of acetamiprid was in the range of 0.012 mg/kg and 10.830 mg/kg, the lowest detection limit of acetamiprid in the apple was 0.035 mg/kg, one order of magnitude lower than the detection limit of 0.8 mg/kg in the national standard. Consequently, the SERS technology can widely be expected to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze acetamiprid pesticide residues in apples.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Food safety - Light transmission - Molecules - Pesticides - pH - Raman scattering - Raman spectroscopy - Silver - Sodium chloride  - Sols - Spectrum analysis - Substrates - Surface scattering
Uncontrolled terms:Colloidal particle - Correlation coefficient - Nondestructive determination - Pesticide residue - pH value - Pre-treatments - Silver sols - Spectra's - Surface enhanced - Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Classification code:461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 547.1  Precious Metals - 741.1  Light/Optics - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.50E-08kg, Mass 3.69E-08kg, Mass 4.41E-08kg, Mass 6.83E-07kg to 3.50E-08kg, Mass 8.00E-07kg, Molar concentration 1.00E+03mol/m3, Percentage 6.14E+00%, Percentage 6.83E+00%, Percentage 6.99E+00%, Size 1.107E+01m, Size 4.00E+00m to 2.30E+01m, Mass 1.083E-05kg, Mass 1.20E-08kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20214111017571
Title:Design of the detection system for the unmanned navigation parameters of field agricultural machines based on improved AOA mode
Title of translation:&#25913;&#36827;AOA&#27169;&#24335;&#30340;&#22823;&#30000;&#20892;&#26426;&#26080;&#20154;&#39550;&#39542;&#23548;&#33322;&#21442;&#25968;&#26816;&#27979;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Xie, Binbin (1, 2); Liu, Jizhan (1, 2); He, Meng (1, 2); Cai, Lianjiang (1, 2); Xu, Zhujie (1, 2); Cui, Bingbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding authors:Liu, Jizhan(liujizhan@163.com); Liu, Jizhan(liujizhan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:40-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Unmanned aerial systems can widely be expected to realize the demand for "machine for man" in the field of precision agriculture. Particularly, the workforce is aging in most industrial countries, together with ever-increasing consumption, unreasonable exploitation of resources, and gradually deteriorated ecological environment. Correspondingly, these issues have posed a great challenge to sustainable agriculture in the future, as rapid information technology (IT) is emerging. Nevertheless, current farmland is distributed mainly on a small to medium scale after decades of land use regulation. By contrast, modern agricultural production requires a large scale, precision, and low cost in the direction of automation. Furthermore, most advanced technologies generally present relatively high cost, complex composition, and limited application, such as satellite, visual, and radar navigation. Therefore, it is highly necessary to explore a detection system with low-cost, high-precision, and easy-to-use navigation parameters. Fortunately, ultra-wideband communication (UWB) has received extensive attention in the field of wireless communication transmission in recent years. UWB-based positioning is one of the most promising high-precision technologies, providing convenience and new ideas for autonomous navigation in agriculture and industry. An important new initiative is also currently to vigorously promote land rectification and construction of high-standard farmland at this stage of agricultural production in China. This scheme has laid a solid foundation to realizing autonomous navigation for large-field agricultural machinery in the agronomic aspects. However, the current national large-field agriculture is still dominated by the individual management system and the family joint production contract responsibility system. Specifically, 90% of large-field agriculture is characterized by regional production on a small scale. Fragmented distribution is still the main body with a concentrated planting pattern of small fields at the 100-metre level, especially in the southern paddy fields. At present, there are two types of UWB positioning: short-range and long-range. The long-range module can reach more than 300m, up to 1 200 m, and the optimal positioning accuracy can be known within 5cm. It indicates that the long-range UWB wireless range sensor can meet the demand for autonomous navigation and the driving of farm machinery in large fields in terms of range and detection accuracy. Furthermore, there is also local, moderately small-scale and scattered production, particularly on the large-field cultivation patterns in the southern paddy fields of China. The main factors are confined to the development of satellite, visual and radar navigation, including the high investment, complicated structure, limited applicable environment, and susceptibility to environmental interference. In this study, an improved signal angle of arrival (AOA) model was proposed to detect the navigation parameters under the reciprocal operation patterns of agricultural machinery in an unmanned environment in a large field. The UWB-based station tag was adopted as the detection sensor. Two arrangements were also designed to achieve fast and accurate detection of navigation parameters during the unmanned operation of agricultural machinery, including the double base station-body longitudinal double tag (TBZ) and double base station-body transverse double tag (TBH). The static test results show that the detection accuracy of navigation parameters improved significantly for the TBZ and TBH arrangements, as the tag or base station spacing increased. Specifically, the detection error of lateral deviation was &le;8 cm, and the heading deviation tended to be close to 0, but not greater than 1&deg;. An orthogonal test was combined with the analysis of variance (ANOVA), thereby clarifying the significance of key parameters in the TBZ and TBH arrangements on the detection of lateral and heading deviation, and finally to determine the main and secondary factors for the optimal combination of parameters. The dynamic test results show that the detection accuracy of lateral and heading deviation decreased significantly, as the speed of the vehicle increased, where the error of lateral deviation was below 10 cm and the error of heading deviation was less than 3&deg;, and the coefficient of variation was less than 10%. The finding can provide a sound reference for the development of unmanned systems with low cost, high precision, easy operation in modern mechanized agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Ultra-wideband (UWB)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Costs - Direction of arrival - Farms - Land use - Machine design - Navigation
Uncontrolled terms:Aoa (angleof-arrival) - Autonomous navigation - High-precision - Improved angle of arrival mode - Larger fields - Low-costs - Navigation parameters - Ultra-wideband communications - Ultrawide band - Unmanned drivings
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 601  Mechanical Design - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 731.5  Robotics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+01%, Size 1.00E-01m, Size 2.00E+02m, Size 3.00E+02m, Size 5.00E-02m, Size 8.00E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20214111017602
Title:Preparation and characterization of soy protein isolate films modified by ZnO nanoparticles and grape-skin red
Title of translation:&#32435;&#31859;&#27687;&#21270;&#38156;/&#33889;&#33796;&#30382;&#32418;&#25913;&#24615;&#22823;&#35910;&#20998;&#31163;&#34507;&#30333;&#33180;&#30340;&#21046;&#22791;&#19982;&#24615;&#33021;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Ran, Ruimin (1); Wang, Luyao (1); He, Binbin (1); He, Sujian (1); Xu, Ou (1); Wu, Yulou (1); Yu, Huirong (1); Chen, Saiyan (1); Ji, Junjie (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625014, China; (2) Shandong Technician Institute, Jinan; 250200, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Saiyan(754436818@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:294-301
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soy Protein Isolate (SPI), a byproduct of the soybean oil industry, can widely be expected to serve as one of the best alternatives to synthetic plastics, due mainly to excellent film-forming properties, including biocompatible, biodegradable, environmentallyfriendly, and cheap to produce. Nevertheless, the SPI normally contains a large number of hydrogen, ionic, and hydrophobic bonds within the molecular structure. The SPI films presented relatively low water resistance, mechanical properties, and thermal stability, due to a large number of hydrophilic bonds in the structures (-OH, -NH<inf>2</inf>, -COOH, -SH), compared with conventional synthetic plastic films. Therefore, it is urgent to explore protein-based plastic films with improved functional properties. ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) are highly functional nano-scale products with several attractive properties, such as non-toxic, large specific surface area, strong UV protection, antibacterial properties, and high thermal stability. As such, ZnO NPs can be incorporated into the SPI film matrix, further enhancing the physical and antibacterial properties of films. Furthermore, the presence of N-H groups in the protein chain can interact with ZnO NPs through hydrogen bonds. Auxiliary agents are also needed to integrate the SPI molecules and ZnO NPs, because the high energy, unsaturation, and instability of ZnO NPs can cause the surface roughness of the film. Alternatively, a by-product of grape processing, Grape-Skin Red (GSR) is generally used as a natural anthocyanin pigment. A typical C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton structure in GSR also contains two benzoyl rings and oxygenated hexameric heterocycles with cations (a typical 2-phenyl-benzopyran cation structure). The structural homogeneity and surface roughness of film can be improved via the cross-linking of highly reactive structures with SPI molecules through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. These interactions also ensure the uniform mixing of ZnO NPs and SPI. GSR also contains rich and free phenolic hydroxyl structures that can offer the SPI film considerable antibacterial activity, which is extremely advantageous towards potential active packaging film applications. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize and characterize the SPI-based composite films with an SPI matrix and adjuvants (ZnO NPs and GSR). FTIR showed that the ZnO NPs and GSR were successfully dispersed in the SPI film matrix, interacting with the SPI molecules under hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. SEM demonstrated that GSR promoted the dispersion of ZnO NPs in the SPI film matrix, where the compatibility of ZnO NPs and SPI resulted in a low level of roughness on the film. GSR significantly enhanced the mechanical and barrier properties, as well as the thermal stability of composite films, when combined with the ZnO NPs. The tensile strength of SPI composite films increased from 1.37 to 3.28 MPa. The melting point increased from 194 &#8451; to 231 &#8451;, whereas, the water content decreased from 34.41% to 25.37%, and the water vapor permeability decreased from 5.57&times; 10^-12 (g&bull;cm)/(cm²&bull;s&bull;Pa) to 4.74 &times; 10^-12(g&bull;cm)/(cm²&bull;s&bull;Pa). Particle size and zeta potential indicated a uniform particle distribution in the solution (PDI value &lt;0.3). GSR can be fixed inside the protein molecules or adsorbed on the surface by cross-linking resulting in changes in the secondary and tertiary protein structures and the charge distribution of the SPI. However, the charges on the film-forming solutions were highly stable (all &gt;30). The composite films can widely be expected to apply in active packaging, due mainly to excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The finding can provide insightful ideas to design and produce biodegradable films.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:ZnO nanoparticles
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Biocompatibility - Biodegradable polymers - Elastomers - Hydrogen bonds - Hydrophobicity - II-VI semiconductors - Matrix algebra - Metal nanoparticles - Molecules  - Optical properties - Plastic films - Polymer films - Positive ions - Proteins - Structural properties - Surface properties - Surface roughness - Thermodynamic stability
Uncontrolled terms:Antibacterial properties - Cross linking - Film matrix - Grape skin - Grape-skin red - Plastic-film - Soy protein isolate film - Soy protein isolates - Synthetic plastics - ZnO nanoparticles
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 461.9.1  Immunology - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 712.1  Semiconducting Materials - 741.1  Light/Optics - 761  Nanotechnology - 801.4  Physical Chemistry - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1  Polymeric Materials - 817.1  Polymer Products - 818.2  Elastomers - 921.1  Algebra - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.441E+01% to 2.537E+01%, Pressure 1.37E+06Pa to 3.28E+06Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20214111017632
Title:Layout optimization of rural residential areas in Hehuang Valley of northeast Qinghai Tibet-Plateau
Title of translation:&#38738;&#34255;&#39640;&#21407;&#19996;&#21271;&#37096;&#27827;&#28255;&#35895;&#22320;&#20892;&#26449;&#23621;&#27665;&#28857;&#24067;&#23616;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:He, Jianhua (1); Jia, Ning (1); Li, Yajing (1); Qin, Rongnuo (1); Yan, Cheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:258-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">'Smart shrinkage' of rural residential space is closely related to strong social infrastructure. The layout of rural residential land can greatly contribute to coordinate the relationship between the development of rural residential and the protection of the ecological environment in the plateau area, particularly on the ecological fragile of Hehuang Valley in western China. Taking Datong County, Xining City, Qinghai Province of China as a study area, a systematic optimization was proposed for the layout of rural residential land using landscape ecological security patterns and potential social networks. First, the landscape security pattern was constructed from three aspects of soil-water conservation, biodiversity, and water resources protection, according to the environment characteristics and local ecological threats. A basic condition was then set to restrict the layout optimization of rural residential land. Secondly, an advanced spatial gravity model was applied to calculate the "attraction" between rural residential, considering that the rural residential was an organic whole of mutual connection and influence. A rural residential network was then constructed, where the mass center of rural residential was taken as the node and the gravity as the connecting edge. As such, the status function of rural residential was determined in the network using the centrality analysis of network nodes. Finally, an optimal classification was established to promote rural development, according to the requirements in Rural Revitalization Strategy. Furthermore, a systematic evaluation was achieved under the regional environment for the stable ecological security pattern and sustainable rural development, where the landscape ecological security pattern was taken as constraint conditions. The rural settlements in the study area were divided into four types, namely, focus development, potential optimization, control scale, and migration merge type. Correspondingly, the optimization strategy was also put forward. The results showed that there were 84 rural residential areas identified as focus development type in the study area, with an area of 21.00 km², accounting for 37.22% of the total rural residential land of the town; 109 potential optimization type areas, with an area of 21.12 km², accounting for 37.45% of the total rural residential land of the town; 66 control scale type areas, with an area of 10.27 km², accounting for 18.20% of the total rural residential land of the town; 29 migration merge type areas, with an area of 4.02 km², accounting for 7.13% of the total rural residential land of the town. Consequently, tradeoff decision-making is highly necessary to consider the interaction between landscape ecological security patterns and rural residential. In view of the regional ecological balance and security, it is also demanding for the potential social network pattern of rural settlement system, thereby alleviating the environmental strangeness of migrant farmers after relocation against the original living habits. As such, the "smart exit" of scattered idle rural settlements can make a great contribution to the "smart contraction" of rural living space, and the "smart growth" of rural development in fragile ecological environment areas.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Ecology - Gravitation - Network security - Planning - Regional planning - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Sustainable development - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological security - Hehuang valley - Landscape ecological security pattern - Layout optimization - Residential networks - Rural residential - Rural residential areas - Rural residential network - Security patterns - Study areas
Classification code:403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 444  Water Resources - 454  Environmental Engineering - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 912.2  Management - 931.5  Gravitation, Relativity and String Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.82E+01%, Percentage 3.722E+01%, Percentage 3.745E+01%, Percentage 7.13E+00%, Size 1.027E+04m, Size 2.10E+04m, Size 2.112E+04m, Size 4.02E+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20214111017590
Title:Key parameters for the optimal layout of subsurface drainage pipe in arid areas
Title of translation:&#24178;&#26097;&#22320;&#21306;&#25490;&#30416;&#26263;&#31649;&#20248;&#21270;&#24067;&#23616;&#20851;&#38190;&#21442;&#25968;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Qian, Yingzhi (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Huang, Jiesheng (1); Wu, Jingwei (1); Ao, Chang (1); He, Shuai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Yan(zyan0701@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:117-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Subsurface drainage has widely been constructed to discharge water and control the groundwater level against soil salinization in most arid regions. The main purpose of subsurface pipe is to discharge the salt from the soil profile under spring or winter irrigation. Thus, the appropriate layout parameters of subsurface drainage in arid and semi-arid areas can be different from humid regions. Therefore, it is highly necessary to investigate the influence factors of soil desalinization and salt discharge under subsurface drainage pipes in arid regions. In this study, there were four objectives: 1) to investigate the change of soil water content and salinity under subsurface drainage pipes with different layouts and irrigation quota; 2) to explore the time-varying process of flow flux and electrical conductivity under subsurface drainage pipes in each treatment, and thereby to determine the water and salt discharge amount of subsurface pipes with different layout and irrigation quota; 3) to analyze the influencing factors of desalinization rate in subsurface layout parameters; 4) to clarify the interaction of irrigation quota and layout parameters of subsurface pipes on the soil desalinization rate. Taking the Yanqi County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China as a study area, the field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2020, where the irrigation quota was 490 mm for 2018, and 288 mm for 2020. Three layout parameters of subsurface pipes with every three levels were considered in the experiment, including three spacing (6, 10, and 20 m), three drain depths (0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 m), and three pipe diameters (90, 110, and 160 mm). An orthogonal experimental design was adopted to combine each parameter and level, where there were nine treatments in total. Multi-factors analysis of variance was made to clarify the significant influencing factors on the desalinization rate. The results show that the water content of the soil profile increased obviously before and after the experiment, whereas, the soil salinity relatively decreased under subsurface drainage. The duration of subsurface drainage ranged from 245 to 441 h during discharge. The flow flux of subsurface pipes increased rapidly at first, and then decreased slowly, whereas, the electrical conductivity was relatively stable, where the average electrical conductivity of drainage water was 12.65 mS/cm, related mainly to the salinity of soil profile. The accumulative amount of water and salt discharged from the subsurface pipe decreased significantly, with the decrease of irrigation quota. The soil desalinization rate presented a significant relationship with the subsurface pipe spacing and depth (P&lt; 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) under the same irrigation quota. Specifically, it was negatively correlated with the spacing, but positively correlated with the buried depth, whereas, there was no significant relationship with the pipe diameter. Consequently, an optimal drainage depth and spacing are very necessary for the high efficiency of the subsurface drainage system in arid areas. In addition, the leaching quota is also the key factor affecting the desalinization rate. The buried depth of the subsurface drainage pipe is recommended as 1.4 m, and the drain spacing is 8 m, while the diameter is 90 mm for the study region, considering water-saving and engineering costs. In this case, the leaching quota of 300 mm can meet the national requirements of desalinization. This finding can provide a promising basis to choose appropriate parameters of subsurface pipe layout and irrigation quota in arid areas.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Design of experiments - Drainage - Electric conductivity - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Irrigation
Uncontrolled terms:Arid area - Desalinization rate - Drain depth - Drain spacings - Electrical conductivity - Irrigation quotas - Salinity - Soil profiles - Subsurface drainage pipe - Subsurface drainages
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 901.3  Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Size 8.00E+00m, Size 9.00E-02m, Time 8.82E+05s to 1.5876E+06s, Electrical conductivity 1.265E+00S/m, Size 1.40E+00m, Size 1.60E-01m, Size 2.00E+01m, Size 2.88E-01m, Size 3.00E-01m, Size 4.90E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20214111017601
Title:Analysis of the relationship between grain impurity rate and cob characteristics of maize mechanical harvesting
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#26426;&#26800;&#31890;&#25910;&#31869;&#31890;&#21547;&#26434;&#29575;&#19982;&#31319;&#36724;&#29305;&#24615;&#20851;&#31995;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Zhao, Bo (1); Kong, Fanlei (1); Chen, Xiang (1); Liu, Jiayuan (1); Li, Xiaolong (1); Du, Xia (1); Chen, Mouhao (1); Yuan, Jichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Sichuan Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu; 611130, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Fanlei(kflstar@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:33-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Grain impurity content is one of the most important indexes for the performance of mechanical grain harvest technology in modern maize production. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between gain impurity rate and cob characteristics, thereby realizing high-quality grain harvest for the better development of mechanical grain harvest in southwest China. A field experiment was also conducted at Zhongjiang County, Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020. The same combine harvester and operating personnel were used in different harvest date, in order to investigate the variation regularity of impurity components and cob characteristics. The results showed as below: The impurity rate, absolute content of cob in impurity, and cob moisture content decreased significantly, while the cob bending strength increased at first, and then decreased gradually, with the delay of harvest date. The cob was also the main impurity component in different harvest dates, accounting for 32%-79%, and the average was 51.45%. A systematic analysis was made to clarify the correlation between the grain impurity rate, cob bending strength, and moisture content in different harvest time. It was found that there was no correlation between grain impurity rate and cob bending strength, whereas, an exponential relationship between the grain impurity rate and cob moisture content, where the fitting equation was y=0.045 6e^{0.063 7x} (R²=0.774 7**, n=75). For instance, the grain impurity rate was reduced to less than 3% in the mechanical grain harvest, when the moisture content of maize cob was reduced to less than 65.72%. Nevertheless, there was little relationship between the grain impurity rate and cob bending strength at the same harvest dates, or when the cob moisture content was similar. The grain impurity rate in the study area was generally in agreement with the national standard maize production during mechanical grain harvesting under similar conditions. Since the cob was the main impurity component, the cob moisture content was widely expected to well explain the change of grain impurity rate. Consequently, two suggestions can be made to reduce the grain impurity rate during mechanical grain harvesting. One is to select and breed the maize varieties with low moisture content and fast dehydration, and another is to mechanically harvest with low moisture content via delaying harvest time in maize production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Bending strength - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture - Moisture determination
Uncontrolled terms:%moisture - Cob bending strength - Cob moisture content - Grain impurities - Grain impurity rate - Harvest - Impurity rates - Maize - Mechanical - Mechanical grain harvesting
Classification code:821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00E+00%, Percentage 3.20E+01% to 7.90E+01%, Percentage 5.145E+01%, Percentage 6.572E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20214111017609
Title:Effects of soil erosion on organic carbon fractions in black soils in sloping farmland of Northeast China by using¹³⁷ Cs tracer measurements
Title of translation:¹³⁷Cs&#31034;&#36394;&#20998;&#26512;&#19996;&#21271;&#40657;&#22303;&#22369;&#32789;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756;&#20405;&#34432;&#23545;&#26377;&#26426;&#30899;&#32452;&#20998;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:He, Yanxing (1); Zhang, Fengbao (1, 2); Yang, Mingyi (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding authors:Yang, Mingyi(myyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn); Yang, Mingyi(myyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn); Yang, Mingyi(myyang@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:60-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) in agriculture is an important part of soil fertility and terrestrial ecosystems, and its variations affect food production and global carbon cycle, while soil erosion is the main cause of SOC migration and loss. However, the change mechanisms of SOC in agricultural fields and the quantitative relationship between soil erosion and these nutrients are still poorly understood. Studying the effects of soil erosion on organic carbon loss in the different components can provide a theoretical basis for scientifically assessing the role of soil erosion in the carbon cycle and exploring the mechanism of organic carbon turnover in the farmland. In the study, soil erosion characteristics and spatial distribution of its intensity on the convex slopes located in typical black soil areas of Northeast China were investigated based on the ¹³⁷Cs tracing technique. The relationship between soil erosion intensity and organic carbon components was quantified. Moreover, the differences in organic carbon fractions between uncultivated and cultivated land was also compared. The results showed that the average annual erosion rate from the slope studied was 3801.71 t/(km²&times;a), thus the soil erosion intensity was categorised as moderate erosion. Among the all the sampling points, the 33.33% of them belonged to the severe erosion and 11.11% of them was extremely severe, which were mainly located in the middle of the steeply convex slope, and 26.67% of the points was in the deposition area, which were mainly distributed in the west area at the bottom of the slope. Compared to soils from the uncultivated slope, the average SOC content had decreased by 13.58%, of which Mineral Organic Carbon (MOC) and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) had decreased by 7.52% and 40.49%, respectively, and the Coarse Particulate Organic Carbon (CPOC) had decreased by 73.24%, while the Fine Particulate Organic Carbon (FPOC) was not significantly different. The SOC, MOC, and FPOC at the deposition sites on the slope were significantly higher than those at the sites eroded (P&lt;0.01); SOC and MOC at the deposition sites and the mild erosion sites were significantly higher than those of above- mild erosion sites (P&lt;0.01); the higher decrease of both SOC and components of MOC and FPOC was observed in the sites where the moderate erosion occurred and changed slightly thereafter. The MOC and FPOC in organic carbon fractions decreased with the increasing erosion intensity, but there was no significant correlation between CPOC and the erosion intensity, and no significant difference between deposition sites and different erosion intensities was also observed(P&gt;0.05). The result indicated that the difference of driving mechanisms of CPOC and MOC reduction may exist on the slope cropland. Overall, the severity of soil erosion in some black soil areas in Northeast China has not been greatly improved. The SOC content has reduced considerably as land use types have changed (reclamation), posing a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture in the black soil area. Erosion control and soil fertility replenishment may be the key to achieving sustainable development in the region.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Organic carbon
Controlled terms:Deposition - Erosion - Farms - Land use - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:137cs - Arable land - Black soil - Erosion intensity - Fine particulates - Fraction - Particulate organic carbon - Sloping arable land - Soil erosion - Soil organic carbon
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.111E+01%, Percentage 1.358E+01%, Percentage 2.667E+01%, Percentage 3.333E+01%, Percentage 4.049E+01%, Percentage 7.324E+01%, Percentage 7.52E+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20214111017646
Title:Effect of freezing-thawing process on the mechanical properties of canal foundation soils in cold regions
Title of translation:&#20923;&#34701;&#36807;&#31243;&#23545;&#39640;&#23506;&#21306;&#28192;&#36947;&#22522;&#22303;&#21147;&#23398;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhu, Rui (1, 2, 3); Cai, Zhengyin (1); Huang, Yinghao (1); Zhang, Chen (1); Guo, Wanli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing; 210024, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) College of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing; 211816, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Zhengyin(zycai@nhri.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:108-116
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Complex environment field in high and cold regions is an important factor for the deterioration of foundation soils, particularly leading to the serious damage of expansive soil canals. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of the freezing-thawing process among coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles on the mechanical properties of canal foundation soils in cold regions. The expansive soil was also taken from the construction field in Northern Xinjiang, China. Firstly, the coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing and cyclic wetting-drying were performed on the expansive soils. A tri-axial consolidation drained shear test was then conducted below the canal structures. The variation characteristics were determined, including the stress-strain relationship, elastic modulus, failure strength, cohesion, and internal friction angel angle of expansive soils below the canal structures in the wetting-drying, and coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles. The test results showed that the stress-strain relationship of expansive soils below the canal structures presented from general to weak hardening type (weak softening type), as the increase of wetting-drying and coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles. It infers that the freezing-thawing in the coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles significantly accelerated the development of transformation. Meanwhile, there was a significant decrease in the elastic modulus, failure strength, and cohesion of expansive soils below the canal structures at the beginning of coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles. The decreasing trend was then gradually weakened, with the increase of cycles. Specifically, the elastic modulus, failure strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle of expansive soils below the canal structures decreased by about 13.1%-33.3, 21.2%-27.6,% 39.1%, and 15.6%, respectively, after 7 wetting-drying cycles, lower than the attenuation amplitude of 22.3%-34.5%, 22.2%-30.9%, 44.0%, and 11.7%, respectively, after 7 coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles. It indicated that the freezing-thawing strengthen the attenuation of mechanical properties of expansive soils below the canal structures, but there was little effect on the internal friction angle. In addition, there was much more obvious damage of expansive soil under a low confining pressure. Since the damage was normally characterized by the traditional parameter of elastic modulus, there was an underestimated damage level of expansive soils below the canal structures subjected to wetting-drying and coupled wetting-drying-freezing-thawing cycles. As a result, a suggestion was made to consider the failure strength attenuation of expansive soils below the canal structures in high and cold regions. The findings can provide a sound scientific basis for the construction and maintenance of water delivery projects in Northern Xinjiang, China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Stress-strain curves
Controlled terms:Canals - Consolidation - Deterioration - Drying - Elastic moduli - Freezing - Hydraulic structures - Soil testing - Soils - Thawing  - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Canal structures - Expansive soils - Failure strength - Foundation soils - Freezing thawing cycles - Freezing/thawing - Freezing/Thawing process - Triaxial test - Wetting-drying - Wetting/drying cycles
Classification code:407.2  Waterways - 434.1  Waterway Transportation, General - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17E+01%, Percentage 1.31E+01%, Percentage 1.56E+01%, Percentage 2.12E+01%, Percentage 2.22E+01% to 3.09E+01%, Percentage 2.23E+01% to 3.45E+01%, Percentage 3.91E+01%, Percentage 4.40E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20214111017591
Title:Feasibility study on monitoring soil erosion using persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry technology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;PS-InSAR&#25216;&#26415;&#30417;&#27979;&#22303;&#22756;&#20405;&#34432;&#21487;&#34892;&#24615;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Yang, Tong (1); Zhang, Zhijie (2); Wang, Xiaoke (1); Guo, Xudong (3); Yu, Xiao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Beijing; 100085, China; (2) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Land Use of Ministry of Natural Resources, China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xiaoke(wangxk@rcees.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Synthetic aperture radar time series difference interferometry (PS-InSAR) has widely been expected to provide an opportunity for the measurement of large-scale surface deformation in recent years. But it is still lacking for the PS-InSAR in soil erosion monitoring in China. Taking Linger County, Inner Mongolia of western China as the research area, an attempt was made to monitor the soil erosion using persistent scatterer synthetic aperture radar interferometry (PS-InSAR). Firstly, the accumulated point cloud of surface deformation was captured using the time-series differential interferometry of sentinel-1A satellite data. Secondly, the multi-scale filtering was constructed in time and spatial domain using the phenological characteristics of soil erosion. The points of soil erosion were then selected from the accumulated point cloud of surface deformation. Finally, the points of soil erosion and multi-source data were superimposed to evaluate the spatial and temporal characteristics of regional distribution in soil erosion. A total of 1 007 958 deformation points were extracted from the operation of PS-InSAR. It was found that surface deformation was the common response of human activities, vegetation growth, soil erosion, landslide, debris flow, frozen soil expansion and contraction, rock weathering and transportation, litter accumulation, and geological movement. The influence of interference factors was then removed using the filtering of vegetation, stable surface, human activity in the spatial domain, linear, and distortion in the time domain. Correspondingly, the monitoring object was anchored to the surface deformation caused by soil erosion. Eventually, 10 596 points of soil erosion were separated from 1 007 958 accumulated points of surface deformation, indicating the average erosion rate was 15 mm/a. A field test was then verified that the accuracy of monitoring and actual erosion point was 86.4%, and the accuracy of monitoring elevation was centimeter level. Superimposed multi-source data showed that the soil erosion in the study area was mainly distributed in the sparse vegetation at the junction of plain and mountain areas, with the slope less than 30&deg; and annual rainfall less than 300 mm. There was a strong correlation between the amount of soil erosion and the rainfall in time. But, the amount of soil erosion was still increasing in the months without rainfall, indicating that the erosion exogenous force was the mixture of wind and water. Furthermore, the soil erosion was mainly concentrated in the transition zone of plain and mountainous areas, where human activities were relatively intensive. More importantly, soil erosion can be serious, due to excessive cultivation and deforestation in extensive management and large-scale farming in recent years. It was also found that 1 101 soil erosion points were distributed in the scope of farmland, particularly in the extensive management of hillside farmland or abandoned land when combining with the land use data. Consequently, it is highly demanding to strengthen the protection of farmland and ecological security in eroded areas, thereby increasing the intensity of returning farmland to forest and grassland. The main measure can also be made to avoid the steep slope reclamation. Anyway, the improved PS-InSAR technology presented macroscopicity, accuracy, long-term, and economy, suitable for monitoring soil erosion, compared with conventional or optical remote sensing.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Interferometry
Controlled terms:Deformation - Erosion - Frozen soils - Mixtures - Radar measurement - Rain - Synthetic aperture radar - Time series - Vegetation - Velocity  - Weathering
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative deformation point - Deformation point - Human activities - InSAR - Multi-scale filtering - Persistent scatterers - PS-InSAR - Soil erosion - Surface-deformations - Synthetic aperture radar interferometry
Classification code:443.3  Precipitation - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 941.4  Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Electric current -1.00E00A, Percentage 8.64E+01%, Size 1.50E-02m, Size 3.00E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20214111017653
Title:Fishery standard entity relation extraction using dual attention mechanism
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21452;&#37325;&#27880;&#24847;&#21147;&#26426;&#21046;&#30340;&#28180;&#19994;&#26631;&#20934;&#23454;&#20307;&#20851;&#31995;&#25277;&#21462;
Authors:Yang, He (1, 2, 3); Yu, Hong (1, 2, 3); Sun, Zhetao (1, 2, 3); Liu, Jusheng (1, 2, 3); Yang, Huining (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Sijia (1, 2, 3); Sun, Hua (1, 2, 3); Jiang, Xin (1, 2, 3); Yu, Yingnan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian; 116023, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Marine Information Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian; 116023, China
Corresponding authors:Yu, Hong(yuhong@dlou.edu.cn); Yu, Hong(yuhong@dlou.edu.cn); Yu, Hong(yuhong@dlou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:204-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Entity relation extraction is a fundamental task to detect a list of triplets, including two entities and the semantic relations between them. An overlapping relationship has caused the low performance of standard entity relation extraction in fishery in recent years. In this study, a novel entity relation extraction was proposed in fishery using the dual attention mechanism. First, a sentence classification and labeling strategy were selected to solve the difficulty in labeling overlapping relations in fishery standard texts. Second, an extraction model of standard entity relationship was established using a combination of dual attention, and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory-Conditional Random Field (BERT-BiLSTM-CRF). Five components were included from the bottom to top: BERT layer, BiLSTM layer, word attention mechanism, sentence attention, and CRF output layer. In the pre-trained BERT model, the dual-layer two-way conversion and decoding were used to automatically learn sentence features for the vector representation. In the BiLSTM model, the context feature of the target entity was learned from the BERT output. The word and sentence level attention was utilized to optimize the weight of target words and sentences in the paragraph, including the noise removal, and the accuracy of relationship extraction. The CRF decoder was used to represent the output of the attention layer in the form of sequence tags. Finally, a comparative experiment was designed to verify the effectiveness of the model. The results show that better overall performance was achieved in the entity relationship extraction using the dual attention on the fishery standard interaction (DLOU-FSI) dataset, where the accuracy, recall, and F1 value were 92.67%, 92.31%, and 92.49%, respectively. The overlapping relations were effectively solved in the extraction of fishery standard relations. In addition, the recognition accuracy rates in the seven relation categories were all higher than others. The accuracy rate, recall rate, and F1 value were greatly improved by more than 90% in the quotation relationship, regulation, release, proposal, drafting, and centralization. Nevertheless, the recall rate of the improved model was dropped slightly in the comparison test. The reason was that there was a sparse distribution of sentence samples in the related category of comparative relations. In the DLOU-FSI corpus, each standard text of fishery contained only 0-3 comparison relation triples, less than 1% of the total number of all relational triples. As such, the comprehensive relationship features were necessary to learn for the higher recognition in the relationship extraction task. In addition, the quality of corpus was determined on the extraction of fishery standard text relations. The higher quality and the more accurate recognition of the model were achieved, as the deep learning model was trained to learn more data. There was also a critical value, after which the model cannot be greatly improved. In the case of a model adaptation, the test data can be effectively expanded to increase the number and diversity of samples for a better overall effect of relationship extraction. This finding can lay a significant foundation for the construction of fishery standard knowledge graphs.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fisheries
Controlled terms:Data mining - Decoding - Extraction - Image segmentation - Random processes - Recovery - Semantics
Uncontrolled terms:Attention mechanisms - Corpus tagging - Dual attention mechanism - Entity relation extractions - Entity-relationship - Learn+ - Overlapping relationship - Performance - Relation extraction - Relationship extraction
Classification code:723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 922.1  Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 9.00E+01%, Percentage 9.231E+01%, Percentage 9.249E+01%, Percentage 9.267E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20214111017693
Title:Establishment and verification of the regionalization of cultivated land price in China
Title of translation:&#20013;&#22269;&#32789;&#22320;&#20215;&#26684;&#21306;&#21010;&#30340;&#24314;&#31435;&#19982;&#39564;&#35777;
Authors:Qi, Yuan (1); Zhu, Daolin (1, 2); Li, Yaoyao (1); Ji, Xiuxiang (1); Shi, Xuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Center for Land Policy and Law, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding authors:Zhu, Daolin(dlzhu@cau.edu.cn); Zhu, Daolin(dlzhu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:250-257
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Agricultural zoning on arable land price is an important prerequisite to standardize the trading order of the land market, further to prevent overcapitalization. The price zoning of cultivated land can also meet the requirements of national strategies, such as food security and the regional layout of agriculture, particularly under the context of agricultural modernization and rural revitalization in China. However, it is still lacking in the regionalization of the cultivated land price at present. In this study, a systematic framework was constructed to explore the influence factors of the arable land price using the principles of price guidance, comprehensive leadership, county independence, and spatial continuity, especially from three dimensions of natural endowment, social utilization, and economic environment. Five influencing factors were selected, including &ge;10 &#8451; accumulation temperature, annual average precipitation, altitude, the first-level division of standard farming system, and regional gross domestic product. The data of each factor in one-kilometer grid unit was superimposed, according to geospatial information technology. In the integrity of the county unit, the average of all grid attributes in the county unit was assigned to county units to preliminarily divide price zoning of arable land. The expert experience was fully considered to integrate the distribution of major geographical boundaries, including mountains, water systems, and administrative boundaries. The quantitative zoning was slightly artificially corrected to avoid inconsistencies with experience and cognition, as well as excessive fragmentation of zoning. Finally, the homogeneous area was further verified using the economic average grade of cultivated land quality and the price data in sample counties. The price zoning of cultivated land was determined using the homogeneous area division and the price of samples. The results showed that: 1) The comprehensive index of cultivated land price zoning presented a high-level agreement with the economic average of cultivated land quality, where 90.72% of homogeneous areas passed the consistency test of cultivated land price in sample counties. The national cultivated land price was divided into 225 homogeneous regions after superposition, adjustment, and verification. The number of homogeneous regions in each province was roughly 3-11, where each province was divided into 7 homogeneous regions on average. 2) If the price samples cannot cover the entire area, it was feasible to indirectly divide the cultivated land price zoning using the influencing factors and the limited samples. 3) The price of arable land was generally low in the west, middle in the middle, and high in the east. It is necessary to establish a long-term dynamic monitoring system in the future, particularly covering all levels of cultivated land prices, further to prevent excessive capitalization of agricultural land elements. This finding can provide sound support to food security, agricultural modernization, and rural revitalization.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Commerce - Food supply - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Arable land - Cultivated land qualities - Cultivated lands - Establish and verify - Food security - Homogeneous regions - Land prices - Regionalisation - Sample county
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 731.5  Robotics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.072E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20214111017631
Title:Performance of zein film modified by glycosylation and in vitro release analysis of hard capsule
Title of translation:&#31958;&#22522;&#21270;&#25913;&#24615;&#29577;&#31859;&#37255;&#28342;&#34507;&#30333;&#33180;&#30340;&#24615;&#33021;&#21450;&#30828;&#33014;&#22218;&#20307;&#22806;&#37322;&#25918;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Ping (1); Zhang, Huijun (1); Guo, Hao (1); Song, Junyu (2); He, Xiaohui (1); Xu, Xuehan (1); Zhao, Hong (3); Xin, Dehui (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Bioengineering, Qiqihar University, Beverage Engineering Technological Research Center of Fruit-vegetables and Coarse Cereals of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar; 161006, China; (2) Shanghai Duohui Network Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai; 200082, China; (3) College of Light-Industry and Textile, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar; 161006, China; (4) Shanghai Newbaze Nutrition Dairy Co., Ltd, Shanghai; 201605, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Huijun(zhanghujun1997@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:302-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This article aims to clarify the effect of modification on the film performance and in vitro release pattern of hard capsules coated with the zein-glu film. The zein was modified using wet-heating glycosylation with glucose. The film performance after the modification was determined, including the mechanical properties, moisture resistance, oxygen resistance, oil resistance, and intestinallysis. The results showed that the film tensile strength of modified products significantly increased by 4.67 to 34.06 MPa (P&lt;0.05), compared with the unmodified zein film, indicating that the wet modification effectively improved the brittleness of raw materials. The water absorption rate of zein film reached the maximum of 45.71% at 60 h, whereas, that of the zein-glu film reached a maximum of 84.98% at 24 h. The water absorption of the film might have been improved by wet-heating glycosylation with glucose. The reason was also that the zein introduced hydrophilic carbonyl glucose through glycosylation modification, thereby enhancing the absorption capacity of the modified product in the surrounding environment. The peroxide value of cling, zein, and zein-glu films were 0.55 g/100 g, 0.49 g/100 g, and 0.43 g/100 g, respectively, lower than that of commercially available plastic wrap. There was a great increase in the hydrogen, disulfide, and hydrophobic bonds closely connected between molecules after modification. The formed film with dense space structure presented relatively oxidation resistance. In water resistance of the film, the water vapor transmission rate of zein and zein-glu film enhanced slowly after 7 min, and then gradually stabilized after 32 min, finally decreased with time. The zein film after glycosylation modification behaved always a lower transmission rate of water vapor, compared with the unmodified. The water vapor transmission rate of the zein-glu membrane dropped to 7.89&times;10^-8g&bull;m/(m²&bull;d&bull;Pa), when it reached a plateau, indicating a higher transmission rate of water vapor in the modified film through wet heat with glucose. The oil permeability coefficient of the zein-glu film was 0. The oil resistance of the zein-glu film was similar to that of commercially available cling film. Consequently, the zein-glu film presented excellent barrier properties after modification. In addition, the oil resistance of the zein-glu film was better than that of zein film, indicating that the oil resistance of the zein-glu film was improved significantly. After that, the release pattern was determined, when the zein-glu film was filled with low molecule rhodamine B. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS software. It was found that the zein-glu-made capsule was broken in the intestinal juice, but kept the film intact in the gastric juice, indicating the classic Enteric-coated capsules. Fitting the coefficient of determination of the simulated in vitro release mathematical model R² was 0.800.The model was further verified using the chi-square, correlation, and significant test of t statistics.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Glucose
Controlled terms:Fracture mechanics - Glycosylation - Hydrogen bonds - Hydrophobicity - Moisture - Molecules - Oxidation - Oxidation resistance - Sulfur compounds - Tensile strength  - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Capsule shell - Conjugate - Film performance - Glycosylations - In vitro release model - In-vitro - Modified products - Release pattern - Vitro release - Zein films
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 539.1  Metals Corrosion - 801.2  Biochemistry - 801.4  Physical Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 931.1  Mechanics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00E-01kg, Mass 4.30E-04kg, Mass 4.90E-04kg, Mass 5.50E-04kg, Mass 7.89E-11kg, Percentage 4.571E+01%, Percentage 8.498E+01%, Pressure 4.67E+06Pa to 3.406E+07Pa, Time 1.92E+03s, Time 2.16E+05s, Time 4.20E+02s, Time 8.64E+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20214111017710
Title:Land suitability evaluation using niche model for rural settlements in typical county in the upper reaches of Minjiang River
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#29983;&#24577;&#20301;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#23735;&#27743;&#19978;&#28216;&#20856;&#22411;&#21439;&#22495;&#20065;&#26449;&#32858;&#33853;&#29992;&#22320;&#36866;&#23452;&#24615;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Liu, Chunyan (1); Zhang, Jifei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Science and Technology Information, Guizhou Province, Guiyang; 550006, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu; 610041, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jifei(jfzhang@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:266-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Land suitability for rural settlements can greatly contribute to revealing the matching between human activities and the ecological environment, as well as social economy. Taking Li County in the uppers reaches of the Minjiang River as the study area; a systematic evaluation of land suitability was conducted using rural geography, landscape ecology, and niche model. A GIS spatial analysis was also performed on the landscape pattern using remote sensing images, socioeconomic statistics, and land use multi-source data, particularly considering the geographical scale of rural settlements and the degree of suitability between humans and natural environmental conditions. Firstly, the optimal scale was identified for land suitability of rural settlements in the study area. Secondly, the representative indicators were selected to construct an evaluation index system, according to the status quo of the region. Finally, a niche suitability model was used to evaluate the land suitability for the rural settlements. The results were as following: 1) The optimal scale was supposed to be 60 m in the study area, where the suitable scale ranging from 50-60 m in the first scale domain of landscape indices. The changes of landscape indexes were also obtained in the 8 rural settlements response to 20 rural settlement scales. 2) Each evaluation index was quantified to obtain the current restrictive conditions at the optimal scale of 60 m, such as forbidden construction area, water source protection area, and nature reserve. GIS spatial overlay function was also utilized to evaluate the land suitability of rural settlements. The suitable land area for rural settlement only accounted for 4.58% of the whole area. Specifically, the area of low suitable zone accounted for 0.52%, whereas, the moderate and highly suitable areas accounted for 4.06%, mainly distributing in the eastern and northeastern towns and the lower reaches of the Zagunao River Basin, along the National Highway 317. 3) The low unsuitable area was 4 116.03 km² harsh for sustainable survival and development, mainly located in the water source and ecological protection areas prone to geological disasters. The moderately suitable areas presented outstanding characteristic industries and great potential to develop modern agriculture, in terms of natural resources and local conditions. The highly suitable areas behaved obvious advantages in terms of location, economy, natural and cultural resource conditions, indicating a relatively complete rural function and high level of economic development. It was supposed to be the main gathering area of rural population and industries. The moderate and highly suitable areas gained relatively distinct potentials for economic and social development. Therefore, the main space for rural revitalization can be concentrated on the moderate and highly suitable areas of rural settlement in the future. Additionally, it should be properly considered to explore the impact of industrial and commercial enterprises, public service facilities, and other land-use types on the land suitability of rural settlement against the requirements of rural revitalization strategy. This finding can provide a sound scientific basis to reconstruct the rural settlements for the optimization of territory space.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Disasters - Ecology - Geographic information systems - Land use - Remote sensing - Rivers
Uncontrolled terms:Land suitability - Minjiang River - Niche model - Optimal scale - Optimisations - Optimization-scale - Rural settlement - Settlement - Study areas - Upper reach of minjiang river
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.06E+00%, Percentage 4.58E+00%, Percentage 5.20E-01%, Size 1.1603E+05m, Size 5.00E+01m to 6.00E+01m, Size 6.00E+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20214111017553
Title:Efficient detection model of green target fruit based on optimized Transformer network
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#20248;&#21270;Transformer&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#32511;&#33394;&#30446;&#26631;&#26524;&#23454;&#39640;&#25928;&#26816;&#27979;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Jia, Weikuan (1, 2); Meng, Hu (1); Ma, Xiaohui (1); Zhao, Yanna (1); Ji, Ze (3); Zheng, Yuanjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan; 250358, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Facility Agriculture Measurement and Control Technology and Equipment of Machinery Industry, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff; CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:Zheng, Yuanjie(yjzheng@sdnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:163-170
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The posture of target fruit is ever-changing in the complex orchard environment. Some target fruits are homochromatic with background, and the limited number of samples have brought great challenges to accurately detect the target, due mainly to the difficulty of collecting some environmental data. Therefore, the detection needs to meet the high requirements of intelligent yield measurement and automatic harvesting, in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. In this study, an efficient detection model was proposed for the green target fruits suitable for small samples under different light conditions and fruit postures. The optimized transformer network was also employed in this model. Firstly, the convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract image features. The transformer encoder was input after feature dimension reduction and positional encoding. Multi-head attention and feed-forward network (FFN) were then selected to obtain the encoder output. Secondly, the transformer decoder processed the input using multi-head attention and feed-forward network. The positional encoding was then added to each link. After that, the outputs were generated with different data sizes. The bounding boxes were much larger than the actual objects after prediction, indicating a low missing rate of green target fruit after decoder settlement. Finally, the feed-forward network (FFN) was utilized to predict the detection. The training of detection model was mostly used sufficient samples to avoid overfitting in the training process for higher generalization of the model. Bootstrapping was also introduced to repeatedly mapping the original data for several times. As such, the expanding dataset was utilized to meet the high requirement of larger samples for the higher accuracy of detection mode in the training process. Transfer learning was selected to significantly improve the training efficiency of the model, while, accelerate the convergence of the network. The apple and persimmon datasets were made separately for the model training. The experimental results show that the training efficiency of the model was greatly improved by more than 13% after migration learning. An excellent illustration of features transferability increased the speed and efficiency of detection, as the difference decreased between the pre-training and target task. Transfer learning was adopted to improve the efficiency of the model, where the model converged faster and was better suitable for the complex orchard environment. The new model can widely be expected to effectively realize the detection of green target fruit in the complex orchard environment with multiple postures, illumination, and scenes, indicating better generalization ability and robustness. The accuracies of detection were 93.27% and 91.35%, respectively, when testing green persimmons and green apples. Consequently, the new optimized model presented the best performance, compared with the conventional. The finding can also provide a sound theoretical reference for the target detection of green fruits and vegetables in the intelligent yield measurement and automated harvesting in orchards.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Object detection
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Convolutional neural networks - Decoding - Efficiency - Encoding (symbols) - Fruits - Learning systems - Network coding - Object recognition - Orchards
Uncontrolled terms:Bootstrapping - Detection models - Efficient detection - Feed-forward network - Green fruit - Training efficiency - Training process - Transfer learning - Transformer network - Yield measurement
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30E+01%, Percentage 9.135E+01%, Percentage 9.327E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20214111017709
Title:Recognition of abnormally discolored trees caused by pine wilt disease using YOLO algorithm and UAV images
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;YOLO&#31639;&#27861;&#21644;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#24433;&#20687;&#30340;&#26494;&#26448;&#32447;&#34411;&#30149;&#24322;&#24120;&#21464;&#33394;&#26408;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Huang, Liming (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yixiang (1, 2, 3); Xu, Qi (1, 2, 3); Liu, Qinghua (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environment and Resource, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (3) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (4) Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Corresponding authors:Xu, Qi(xuqi0916@zafu.edu.cn); Xu, Qi(xuqi0916@zafu.edu.cn); Xu, Qi(xuqi0916@zafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:197-203
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Pine wilt disease is a fast-spreading and destructive forest disease which can damage the entire pine forest in a short time. The key to control the disease is to identify abnormally discolored trees in a quick and accurate way. In this study, a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)equipped with a professional true-color camera was used for image acquisition, and a deep learning algorithm-YOLO (You Only Look Once), was adopted to detect the images of abnormally discolored tree. The test was conducted on the platform using a RTX 2080 GPU with 8GB memory in the same parameters. The study area was divided into one training area and two testing areas, of which the training area and the testing area 1 were located in Xinjing Mountain, and the testing area 2 was located in Baota Mountain. In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm, depthwise separable convolution and inverted residual block were employed to improve YOLO algorithm, and the upward transmission of the low-level features of location of the Neck was removed. In order to verify the performance of the improved algorithm, the improved algorithm was compared with Faster R-CNN, EfficientDet, YOLOV4 and YOLOv5 in terms of accuracy precision, training time of per epoch, size of parameters and testing time of per image. Specifically, the accuracy precision of the improved YOLO algorithm increased to 80.85%, which was 1.25%, 3.02% and 3.49% higher than Faster R-CNN, YOLOv4 and YOLOv5 respectively,and was 0.42% lower than EfficientDet; the training time of per epoch of the improved algorithm was 164 s, which was 187, 172 and 115 s shorter than Faster R-CNN, EfficientDet and YOLOv4 respectively, and was 26 s longer than YOLOv5; the parameters size of the improved YOLO algorithm registered 44.23 MB, which was 477.35 and 199.69 MB smaller than Faster R-CNN and YOLOv4,and was 29.62 and 17.27 MB bigger than EfficientDet and YOLOv5; the testing time of per image of the improved YOLO algorithm decreased to 17 ms, which was 68, 33 and 7 ms less than Faster R-CNN, EfficientDet and YOLOV4 and was 9 ms longer than YOLOv5. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation of the four indexes showed that the improved YOLO algorithm performed better. In order to verify the applicability of the same model in different areas, the model built on images of training area of Xijing Mountain was employed to detect images in both testing areas of Xijing Mountain and Baota Mountain. The results showed that in Xijing Mountain, the improved YOLO algorithm correctly detected 582 trees, wrongly detected 109 trees and missed 51 trees among 633 abnormally discolored trees by pine wilt disease in total. The precision, recall and F<inf>1</inf> reached 84.23%,91.94% and 87.92% separately. In Baota Mountain, the same algorithm successfully detected 708 trees, incorrectly detected 109 trees and missed 157 trees in a total of 865 object trees. The precision, recall and F<inf>1</inf> were 86.66%,81.85% and 84.18% in separate. Although the F<inf>1</inf> of Baota Mountain was slightly lower than that of Xijing Mountain, it basically met the detection requirements of abnormally discolored trees caused by pine wilt disease. The F<inf>1</inf> of two testing areas showed that the model possessed certain adaptability and meant the same model can be used to identify target trees in different areas, which can reduce the modeling time and improve the efficiency of recognition. Through the results of the recognized images, it could be found that the similar ground features, canopy density, slope aspect and resolution ratio were the main factors that had an influence on the accuracy of detection. In automatic detection, the similar ground features would lead to acquire features similar to abnormally discolored trees and the canopy density, slope aspect and resolution ratio would acquire insufficient feature, which would easily lead to misjudgment and missed detection of abnormally discolored trees. Although these factors would affect the accuracy of detection, the impact is relatively small. In conclusion, the improved YOLO algorithm can automatically identify trees attracted by pine wilt disease in a more accurate and efficient manner, which was conducive to monitoring of pine wood disease rapidly, knowing the incidence timely and providing objective data for the prevention and control of pine wilt disease.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Controlled terms:Aircraft detection - Antennas - Deep learning - Disease control - Fixed wings - Forestry - Image enhancement - Landforms - Learning algorithms - Parameter estimation
Uncontrolled terms:Abnormally discolored tree - Aspect-ratio - Canopy density - Deep learning - Improved * algorithm - Pine wilt disease - Slope aspect - Testing time - Training time - YOLO
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 481.1  Geology - 652.1  Aircraft, General - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.4.2  Machine Learning - 821.0  Woodlands and Forestry
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.25E+00%, Percentage 3.02E+00%, Percentage 3.49E+00%, Percentage 4.20E-01%, Percentage 8.085E+01%, Percentage 8.185E+01%, Percentage 8.418E+01%, Percentage 8.423E+01%, Percentage 8.666E+01%, Percentage 8.792E+01%, Percentage 9.194E+01%, Time 1.15E+02s, Time 1.64E+02s, Time 1.70E-02s, Time 1.72E+02s, Time 2.60E+01s, Time 3.30E-02s, Time 7.00E-03s, Time 9.00E-03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20214111017606
Title:Optimization of structural parameters and performance experiment of jet fertilizer injector based on numerical simulation
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25968;&#20540;&#27169;&#25311;&#30340;&#23556;&#27969;&#24335;&#21560;&#32933;&#22120;&#32467;&#26500;&#23610;&#23544;&#20248;&#21270;&#21450;&#24615;&#33021;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Yuan, Jiwang (1, 2); Zhu, Delan (1, 2); Gao, Sasa (1, 2); Chen, Nannan (1, 2); Liu, Yichuan (1, 2); Zhang, Rui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northeast A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding authors:Zhu, Delan(dlzhu@126.com); Zhu, Delan(dlzhu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:52-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Jet fertilizer injector is gradually emerging in the water and fertilizer integration equipment, owing to lower cavitation in the suction chamber and highly reliable performance than before. However, a large amount of fertilizer suction and low-pressure loss are still found in some jet fertilizer injectors. Structural parameters are also necessary to be optimized for the better performance of fertilizer absorption. Therefore, it is necessary to improve fertilizer absorption performance of jet fertilizer injectors, thereby meeting the demand of large fertilizer suction amount in the irrigation system under water and fertilizer integration. The different structural parameters in the throat of the jet fertilizer injector were therefore designed using the objectives of large fertilizer suction amount and high fertilizer absorption efficiency. In this study, a systematic optimization was performed on the structural parameters of a jet fertilizer injector. The objective parameters were then selected, including the contraction angle and diameter in the fertilizer suction chamber, while the diameter and contraction ratios of the throat. The amount and concentration of fertilizer suction, the discharge ratio of inlets, and the efficiency of fertilizer absorption were used to evaluate the absorption performance of the jet fertilizer injector. An optimum combination of structural parameters was obtained, according to the influence characteristics of four structural parameters on the four evaluation indexes using CFD numerical simulation. A new prototype was then manufactured under the optimal conditions using the 3D print technique. A field test was carried out to evaluate the fertilizer absorption performance of the new prototype under different inlet pressures. The results indicated that the average relative error of measured and simulated values for the inlet discharge, fertilizer suction amount, and outlet discharge were 4.25%, 10.12%, and 5.27%, respectively, showing a reliable performance of jet fertilizer injector. Four evaluation indexes (including fertilizer suction amount, inlet discharge ratio, fertilizer suction concentration, and fertilizer absorption efficiency) first increased then decreased in the simulation at the same inlet pressure, with the increase of contraction angle and diameter in the fertilizer suction chamber, and the diameter ratio of the throat. There was a peak value of fertilizer absorption performance. Specifically, the fertilizer suction amount increased gradually, whereas, the inlet discharge ratio, fertilizer concentration, and adsorption efficiency decreased significantly, with the increase of contraction ratio of the throat. In addition, the optimal combination of structural parameters was determined, where the contraction ratio of the throat was 0.2, the diameter ratio of the throat was 2.5, the diameter of the fertilizer suction chamber was 22 mm, the contraction angle of the fertilizer suction chamber was 80&deg;, and the diameter of inlet straight pipe was 20 mm. Compared with the optimized jet fertilizer injector than before, the fertilizer suction amount and absorption efficiency increased ranging from 76% to 107%, and from 22% to 42% with the inlet pressure ranging from 0.15 to 0.30 MPa. The fertilizer suction amount and absorption efficiency increased 76% and 22%, respectively, when the inlet pressure was 0.30 MPa. Consequently, the higher performance of fertilizer absorption in the optimized jet fertilizer injector can widely be expected suitable for the irrigation under water and fertilizer integration with a large amount of fertilizer.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Numerical models
Controlled terms:3D printers - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Structural optimization - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption efficiency - Absorption performance - Contraction angles - Discharge ratio - Inlet pressures - Jet fertilizer injector - Parameter - Performance - Structural parameter - Throat structure
Classification code:745.1.1  Printing Equipment - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921  Mathematics - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.012E+01%, Percentage 2.20E+01%, Percentage 2.20E+01% to 4.20E+01%, Percentage 4.25E+00%, Percentage 5.27E+00%, Percentage 7.60E+01% to 1.07E+02%, Percentage 7.60E+01%, Pressure 1.50E+05Pa to 3.00E+05Pa, Pressure 3.00E+05Pa, Size 2.00E-02m, Size 2.20E-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20214111017652
Title:Experimental research on the axial vibration of the cutting system for sugarcane harvesters
Title of translation:&#29976;&#34071;&#25910;&#33719;&#26426;&#20999;&#21106;&#31995;&#32479;&#36724;&#21521;&#25391;&#21160;&#30340;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Lai, Xiao (1); He, Guiqing (1); Li, Shangping (3); Zeng, Bang (1); Mo, Hanning (1, 2, 4); Teng, Xiao (1); Cao, Boxiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (2) College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China; (3) College of Electronic Information, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning; 530006, China; (4) School of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou; 543000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:12-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to clarify the effects of different structural arrangements on the axial vibration of the sugarcane cutting system. A vibration characteristic test was performed on an experimental rig of a sugarcane harvester. Mechanics and mathematical models were also established for the sugarcane harvester platform. Some impact parameters were determined on the axial vibration of the cutting system, including the installing positions of hydraulic cylinders, the engine, and the logistics frame. The results showed 1) The vibration amplitude of axial cutter with the HP3 position of hydraulic cylinders (1.28 mm) was reduced by 63% under complicated excitations, compared with the HP1 position (3.52 mm). The excitation source presented the least influences on the vibration of the cutter frame when the hydraulic cylinder was installed at the position HP3 (720, 375, 1,880), that is, in the positive direction of X axis near the front wheel 535 mm. 2) The vibration amplitude of axial cutter with the EP2 position of the engine was reduced by 49% under complicated excitations, compared with the EP5 position. The excitation source presented the least influences on the vibration of the cutter frame, when the engine was installed at the position EP2 (12 400,1 800), that is, in the positive direction of X axis near the front wheel 1 055 mm. 3) The vibration amplitude of axial cutter with the No. LP3 position of logistics frame was reduced by 43% under complicated excitations, compared with the LP1 position. The excitation source behaved the least influences on the vibration of the cutter frame when the logistics frame was installed at the position LP3 (1 800, 537, 1 255), that is, in the positive direction of X axis near the front wheel 1 615 mm. There was the greatest significance of logistics frame on the vibrations of cutting system, followed closely by hydraulic cylinders. Nevertheless, there was the least significant effect of engine installation position on the vibrations of the cutting system. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to verify the parameters. An optimal configuration was then achieved for the sugarcane harvester, where the logistics frame was installed on the position LP3, while the hydraulic cylinder was on the position HP3, and the engine was on the position EP2. In this case, the vibration amplitude of the axial cutter was reduced by 40.8%, compared with that before optimization. Consequently, some suggestions can be addressed during this time, where the installation position of hydraulic cylinder, engine, and logistics frame should avoid the position above the front and rear wheels as far as possible, particularly on the sugarcane harvesting machinery suitable for hilly areas. The vibration isolation or damping device should also be added to reduce the vibration of the cutting system for better performance of sugarcane cutting.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Harvesters
Controlled terms:Engine cylinders - Excited states - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Axial vibrations - Cutter frame vibration - Excitation sources - Front wheels - Hydraulic cylinders - Installation position - Mechanic model - Structural arrangement - Sugarcane harvesters - Vibration amplitude
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 612.1.1  Internal Combustion Engine Components - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.1  Mechanics - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 931.4  Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.08E+01%, Percentage 4.30E+01%, Percentage 4.90E+01%, Percentage 6.30E+01%, Size 1.28E-03m, Size 3.52E-03m, Size 5.35E-01m, Size 5.50E-02m, Size 6.15E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20214111017702
Title:Performance and energy consumption of liquid desiccant dehumidification grain in-bin drying system via layered model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#20998;&#23618;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#28342;&#28082;&#38500;&#28287;&#35895;&#29289;&#23601;&#20179;&#24178;&#29157;&#31995;&#32479;&#24615;&#33021;&#21450;&#33021;&#32791;
Authors:Peng, Donggen (1); Nie, Jiangtao (1); Chen, Wenhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering And Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:274-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Wet grain drying is a significant processing step in grain production. Grain in-bin drying is one of the most widely-used and effective drying ways to integrate with drying and storage in grain drying areas. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the performance and energy consumption of liquid desiccant dehumidification grain in-bin drying using a layered model. A system of grain in-bin drying was also designed using liquid desiccant dehumidification driven by a heat pump. New technology was finally developed to achieve safe, efficient, and energy-saving grain drying and storage process for grain in-bin drying. The mathematical models were established to verify, including heat pump, dehumidifier/regenerator, and grain in-bin drying. A specific process was simulated, where the top layer of rice with a grain pile height of 3 m and initial moisture content of 0.2 (wet basis) was dried to reach the safe moisture content of 0.135 (wet basis) by the air flow rate of 120 m&sup3;/(h&bull;t) under different outdoor weather parameters with the air temperature of 20-32 &#8451; and relative humidity of 55%-80%. Some parameters were determined, including the drying time, the unit and total energy consumption, the dry matter loss (DML), and the whiteness of the top rice after drying. After that, a comparison was made on the performance of the system with various drying. The results showed that the range of drying completion time was 194-358 h. Taking the grain temperature of 20 &#8451; and 25 &#8451; as examples, the drying completion time was within 21 and 14 d of the safe drying period, respectively. Both met the requirements of a safe drying period, indicating the feasibility of drying time specification. Moreover, the DML top layer of rice after drying was 0.33%-0.52%, where most of the weather parameters met the specification requirement of DML &lt; 0.5%. The initial whiteness value of the top layer of rice was 51.5, while the whiteness value after drying was 51.331-51.452 acceptable in the market (&gt;45), indicating that the overall whiteness value decreased slightly after drying. The suitability of the heat balance model and thin-layer drying equation were verified, where the air entered the grain bin in a state close to the outdoor air temperature and low humidity after dehumidification and heat exchange. Furthermore, the unit energy consumption range was 2.09-3.25 kW&bull;h/ (1% moisture&bull;t), and the total energy consumption was 6 930-9 530 kW&bull;h. It was more conducive to reduce the unit and total energy consumption of the system for high drying efficiency when the outdoor air temperature was higher than before. Nevertheless, the high temperature may lead to more DML of the top layer of rice, even to lower quality. It was found that each thin layer of rice met the dual specification requirements of DML (&lt;0.5%), and the unit energy consumption of the system (&lt;2.5 kW&bull;h/(1%&bull;t)) at the air temperature of 30 &#8451;. The drying rate and energy consumption under the summer parameters were better than those under the autumn, whereas, the DML and color of rice were inferior to the autumn parameters. The improved system presented a fast speed, less energy consumption, and better rice-related quality, compared with heat-pump drying. Consequently, the system performed well in terms of drying time, energy consumption, and rice-related quality indicators under specific weather conditions, indicating the appropriate and accurate model. The finding can provide a preferred choice for safe, efficient, and energy-saving grain in-bin drying.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Cooling systems - Driers (materials) - Drying - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Heat pump systems - Humidity control - Investments - Liquids  - Moisture determination - Piles - Pumps - Refrigeration - Specifications
Uncontrolled terms:Desiccant dehumidification - Dry matter loss - Energy-consumption - Grain drying - In-bin drying - Layered modeling - Liquid desiccant - Liquid desiccant dehumidification - Performance - Top layers
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 644.1  Refrigeration Methods - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 902.2  Codes and Standards - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 3.30E-01% to 5.20E-01%, Percentage 5.00E-01%, Percentage 5.50E+01% to 8.00E+01%, Power 2.09E+03W to 3.25E+03W, Power 2.50E+03W, Power 5.30E+05W, Size 3.00E+00m, Time 6.984E+05s to 1.2888E+06s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20214111017683
Title:Control effect of seismic action in the load combination of greenhouse
Title of translation:&#22320;&#38663;&#20316;&#29992;&#22312;&#28201;&#23460;&#33655;&#36733;&#32452;&#21512;&#20013;&#30340;&#25511;&#21046;&#25928;&#24212;
Authors:Hu, Lin (1, 2); Yan, Dongmei (1, 3); Zhou, Changji (1, 3); Yan, Junyue (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) CSIC International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100021, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Farm Building Structure and Construction, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding authors:Zhou, Changji(zhoucj@facaae.com); Zhou, Changji(zhoucj@facaae.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:243-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Most agricultural greenhouses generally present low structural rigidity, self-weight, and seismic response in recent years. The structure design also varies significantly in different locations, if the seismic effect is considered in the load combination. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of seismic action on various greenhouse structure under a load combination in China. The glass greenhouse was also taken as the research object, particularly for the heaviest material of roof glazing in all greenhouses. Two regular and one irregular plane layouts of greenhouses were selected, according to the regulation of seismic action in the structure design. Midas Gen software was used to analyze the structure stress in the components. The load combinations were compared with or without the seismic action (remarked as class-e and class-a). The maximum stress ratio of components was set as the evaluation index, while, the seismic intensity was used as the variable from 7&deg; (0.10g), 7&deg; (0.15g), 8&deg; (0.20g), 8&deg; (0.30g) to 9&deg; (0.40g). The results show that the greenhouse with the regular and irregular plane layouts performed the greater stress ratios under the load combination of class-a without considering the seismic action, when the seismic intensity was 7&deg; (0.1g and 0.15g), indicating there was no controlling effect of seismic action. In the inner and side wall posts of the regular plane layout in the greenhouse structure, the stress ratio of load combination of class-e considering the seismic effect was already very close to that of class-a, when the seismic intensity reached 8&deg; (0.20g). In some individual corner posts of irregular plane layout in the greenhouse structure, the maximum stress ratio of load combination of class-e (0.31) was slightly larger than that of class-a (0.29). In the individual structural components of the regular plane layout in the greenhouse, the maximum stress ratio of load combination of class-e (0.36) was greater than that of class-a (0.29), when the seismic intensity reached 8&deg; (0.30g). It infers that the maximum stress ratio was controlled by the seismic action. The seismic intensity was also combined with the smallest wind load in the study areas. Consequently, the areas of 8&deg; (0.20g) and below cannot be considered for the seismic combination, whereas the areas of 8&deg; (0.30g) and above were preferred in the structural design of the glass greenhouse. Additionally, the seismic action cannot be considered in the load combination, particularly in the plastic structures, including gutter-connected plastics, solar and plastic tunnels. The finding can provide a sound theoretical basis to implement the structural design of a glass greenhouse.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Glass - Greenhouse effect - Rigid structures - Roofs - Seismic design - Seismic response
Uncontrolled terms:Class A - Class E - Greenhouse structure - Load - Load combination - Maximum stress - Seismic action - Seismic intensity - Stress ratio - Structure design
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 451  Air Pollution - 484.2  Secondary Earthquake Effects - 484.3  Earthquake Resistance - 812.3  Glass - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00E-04kg, Mass 1.50E-04kg, Mass 2.00E-04kg, Mass 3.00E-04kg, Mass 4.00E-04kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20214111017572
Title:Detection of rice seed vigor level by using deep feature of hyperspectral images
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#22270;&#20687;&#28145;&#24230;&#29305;&#24449;&#26816;&#27979;&#27700;&#31291;&#31181;&#23376;&#27963;&#21147;&#31561;&#32423;
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Zhang, Lin (1); Zhou, Xin (1); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Shen, Jifeng (1); Dai, Chunxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:171-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Vigor is a significant indicator for the yield and quality of rice seed in agricultural production and food security. This study aims to fast, non-destructively, and precisely detect the rice seed vigor using hyperspectral imaging and deep learning. Rice seed of Lvhan 1 was selected as the research object. Artificial accelerated aging was also performed on the rice seeds to obtain the samples with different aging degrees. Firstly, a hyperspectral imaging instrument was utilized to collect the hyperspectral images of 1 200 single rice seeds with four aging levels, where the spectral information was extracted from a single sample area. A germination experiment was then carried out, after which all samples were divided into three vigor levels, including high, low, and no vigor. Next, wavelet threshold denoising (WTD), first derivative (FD), and their combination (WTD-FD) were used to preprocess the original spectral data. A model was then established using the preprocessed spectral data. Model evalution was also carried out for the best preprocessing. After that, principal component analysis (PCA) and stack auto encoder (SAE) were adopted to reduce the dimension of spectral data, while extracting spectral features. Thirdly, a detection model of vigor level in rice seed was established using original spectra and the spectral feature data extracted by PCA and SAE. The training and test set were divided ten times to repeat the three Support Vector Machine (SVM) models for higher average accuracies. As such, a better model was determined. GWO was then used to optimize the SVM model, in order to improve the performance of the model. The best model was also determined using the vigor grading model of rice seed. Finally, the best model was used to evaluate the vigor level in a batch of unaged seeds for the generalization performance. The results show that the accuracy of preprocessed spectra (WTD, FD, and WTD-FD) model was higher than that of the original spectra. The WTD-FD accurately reduced the effect of noise and baseline drift in the original spectra, indicating a better pretreatment effect than WTD and FD individually, where the full spectra data was used for subsequent analysis. The better modeling effect was obtained, compared with PCA and original spectra, when the deep features were extracted from full spectra data using SAE. The accuracies of training and test set were 99.08% and 96.47% using the SAE-SVM model, respectively. In grey wolf optimizer (GWO), the accuracies of optimized training and test set in the SAE-GWO-SVM model were 100% and 98.75%, respectively, indicating that improved by 0.92 and 2.28 percentage points, respectively. The accuracy of the model reached 98% for non-aged seeds, approximately to the predictive accuracy of the model (98.75%). Therefore, the hyperspectral imaging combined with the best SAE-GWO-SVM model is feasible for the detection of rice seed vigor in actual production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Spectroscopy
Controlled terms:Data mining - Deep learning - Feature extraction - Finite difference method - Food supply - Grading - Hyperspectral imaging - Nondestructive examination - Optimization - Principal component analysis  - Signal encoding - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Auto encoders - First derivative - Optimisations - Rice seed - Spectra's - Stacking auto encoder - Stackings - Support vector machine models - Vigor testing - Wavelet threshold de-noising
Classification code:461.4  Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 746  Imaging Techniques - 822.3  Food Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E+02%, Percentage 9.647E+01%, Percentage 9.80E+01%, Percentage 9.875E+01%, Percentage 9.908E+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20214111017599
Title:Drying kinetic model and hygrothermal characteristics of fish extruded feed during hot air drying
Title of translation:&#40060;&#33192;&#21270;&#39282;&#26009;&#28909;&#39118;&#24178;&#29157;&#21160;&#21147;&#23398;&#27169;&#22411;&#21450;&#28287;&#28909;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Chen, Jiyuan (1); Wang, Liangju (1); Wang, Hongying (1); Zhang, Guodong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) COFCO Grains Holdings Limited, Beijing; 100020, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:317-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Processing parameters during drying are highly critical to the quality and yield of extruded aquatic feed. Taking grass carp (adult fish) extruded feed as the research object, this study aims to explore the hygrothermal characteristics of fish feed in the process of hot air drying. An experimental box was also selected to simulate the temperature and moisture content in the extruder. The measured temperature of fish feed was 90.11&plusmn;1.31 &#8451;, and the measured moisture content of dry basis was 24.02%&plusmn;0.98%. Two experimental parameters were set, including the air temperature (60-100 &#8451;) and air velocity (0.5-1.5 m/s). The drying experiment was performed on a self-developed hot air dryer, where a load cell with the accuracy of 0.01g was selected to accurately record the moisture of fish feed during drying. An infrared thermal imager was used to observe the temperature distribution of fish feed. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (LF-NMR) was also utilized to explore the change of water state in the fish feed. The samples were taken every 20 minutes for the LF-NMR during the test, where the main magnetic field strength was 0.5T, and the resonance frequency was 21 MHz. Among them, a Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence was adopted to quantify the LF-NMR parameters. The results showed that there was a reduced rate drying stage in the drying process of feed in this experiment, rather than the typical constant rate drying stage. The drying rate of feed increased significantly, with the increase of air temperature (P&lt;0.01) under the same air velocity. Similarly, the air velocity improved the drying rate at the same temperature as hot air. A Verma model was used to fit the obtained experimental data. The calculated values of R², &chi;², RMSE, and e showed that the model presented a high prediction accuracy for the experimental data of grass carp feed under different drying conditions. The Verma model parameters, k<inf>0</inf>, k<inf>1</inf>, and a, were achieved on the air temperature and air velocity, where R² of the regression model was greater than 0.979. Transverse relaxation time (T<inf>2</inf>) spectra showed that the proportion of immobilized water in the feed was the largest in the initial stage of the drying process. Specifically, the peak area of T<inf>21</inf> decreased gradually with the drying proceeded, indicating the proportion of immobilized water decreased significantly (P&lt;0.01). Moreover, the whole transverse relaxation time tended to shift to the left, indicating that the combination of water and substrate was closer, and the free degree was lower. The total area of T<inf>20</inf>, T<inf>21</inf>, and T<inf>22</inf> peaks was the smallest, while, the moisture content was the lowest at the end of drying. The infrared thermographs showed that the corner effect appeared at 5 min, particularly that some feed in the center presented the overheating at 15 and 20 min. The finding can provide a promising reference to optimize the processing parameters of grass carp extruded feed during hot air drying, together with a new idea for the study on the hygrothermal characteristics of aquatic feed.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric temperature - Curing - Dryers (equipment) - Errors - Fish - Flow velocity - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nuclear magnetic resonance  - Regression analysis - Relaxation time - Temperature distribution - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:%moisture - Air temperature - Air velocities - Feed - Fish feed - Grass carp - Hot air drying - Hygrothermal - Hygrothermal characteristic - Low field
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 631  Fluid Flow - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.10E+07Hz, Magnetic flux density 5.00E-01T, Mass 1.00E-05kg, Percentage 2.402E+01%, Percentage 9.80E-01%, Time 1.20E+03s, Time 3.00E+02s, Time 9.00E+02s, Velocity 5.00E-01m/s to 1.50E+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20214111017658
Title:Experiment and calculation on the biochemical methane potential of typical livestock and poultry manure in anaerobic digestion
Title of translation:&#20856;&#22411;&#30044;&#31165;&#31914;&#20415;&#21388;&#27687;&#21457;&#37237;&#20135;&#30002;&#28919;&#28508;&#21147;&#35797;&#39564;&#19982;&#35745;&#31639;
Authors:Xu, Wenqian (1); Dong, Hongmin (1); Shang, Bin (1); Chen, Yongxing (1); Tao, Xiuping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation & Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu; 610213, China
Corresponding author:Tao, Xiuping(taoxiuping@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The purpose of this study was to acquire the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of livestock manure in practical production at the present stage. BMP tests of chicken manure (CM), dairy manure (DM), and swine manure (SM) were also conducted using the automatic methane potential test system at (37&plusmn;0.5)&#8451;. The first-order kinetic model and modified Gompertz model were selected to fit the BMP curve of CM, DM, and SM, thereby estimating the kinetic constant and the maximum BMP. The experiment results showed that the accumulated methane yields of CM, DM, and SM were measured to be 0.33, 0.17, and 0.38 m³/kg VS<inf>added</inf> which extremely differed from the default value of 0.24, 0.13, and 0.29 m³&bull;kg^-1VS<inf>added</inf> given by IPCC. Furthermore, BMP was also an important parameter to evaluate anaerobic digestion. The default value was offered by the IPCC suitable for regional inventory and the average level of all different livestock farms. As such, the livestock manure varied dramatically in composition, due mainly to the different factors, including livestock breeds, diet, and breeding structure. Meanwhile, the BMP depended only on the characteristic of livestock manure, such as organic carbon content. Two kinetic models presented a better fitting to the experimental data, suitable for the simulation of anaerobic digestion. A scientific estimation was made on the BMP value in the anaerobic digestion of livestock manure from different farms in various regions. Although the experiment was given a highly accurate BMP value, the BMP test required relatively complicated conditions, high cost, and long testing time, where the finishing time relied mostly on the subjective judgment of an experimenter. The BMP<inf>1%</inf> (the cumulative methane production when the present methane production reached 1% of cumulative methane production) was raised in German guideline VDI4630. The standardized way was used to define BMP value corresponding to necessary experiment time, in order to avoid subjective judgment during evaluation. The accumulated methane production all reached more than 90% of the ultimate accumulated methane production, and the test period was reduced by 45.3%-76.6% when the BMP<inf>1%</inf> was taken as a judging index. The BMP value (using BMP<inf>1%</inf>) of three livestock manures (CM, DM, and SM) were 0.32, 0.16, and 0.35 m³/kgVS<inf>added</inf>, respectively. The introduction of BMP<inf>1%</inf> improved the efficiency to estimate the methane emission reduction potential of livestock manure. Consequently, the specific BMP was calculated for the three typical manure of livestock and poultry, according to the B<inf>o</inf> obtained from the BMP test. The finding can provide much more scientific data for the parameter selection in the biogas plant, thereby determining the methane emission coefficient of livestock manure. In addition, a great contribution can be made to greenhouse gas emissions and the decision-making in livestock manure management in various livestock farms.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Fertilizers - Kinetic parameters - Kinetic theory - Manures - Methane - Organic carbon
Uncontrolled terms:Biochemical methane potential - Chicken manure - Dairy manures - Default values - Livestock manure - Manure - Methane production - Potential values - Subjective judgement - Swine manure
Classification code:631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00E00%, Percentage 4.53E+01% to 7.66E+01%, Percentage 9.00E+01%, Size 2.90E-01m, Size 3.50E-01m, Size 3.80E-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20214111017558
Title:Design and verification of soil heavy metal detector using NB-IoT technology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;NB-IoT&#25216;&#26415;&#30340;&#22303;&#22756;&#37325;&#37329;&#23646;&#26816;&#27979;&#20202;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#39564;&#35777;
Authors:Wang, Leiyue (1); Zhan, Ketao (1); Yin, Liang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing; 100029, China
Corresponding author:Yin, Liang(yinliang@mail.buct.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:221-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) monitor was here developed to detect the soil heavy metal using narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT). The scattered data was also real-time uploaded during detection. The instrument consisted of a TUB00050-AG2 X-ray tube, variable windows collimator, a Vitus H30 40 mm² detector, an LTC2269 analog to digital converter, and an NB-IoT communication module. The X-ray tube turned on the high voltage and filament current under the control of the main chip, thereby producing bremsstrahlung X-rays, where the electrons bombarded the silver target under a strong electric field. The X-ray was then converted to the object ray with the corresponding peak by the filter collimator. The object ray irradiated the center of the sample by adjusting the divergence angle through the collimator. The fluorescence ray was then reflected on the receiving surface of the silicon drift detector with Compton and Rayleigh scattered rays. The detector converted the photon of the incident ray into the pulse signal for the subsequent step rising signal with the preamplifier. The signal was amplified, held, and sampled to generate the spectrum, and then data and location information were uploaded to the NB-IoT module. The final content of each element was obtained for the spectrum resolution, deviation correction. There were no packets loss, and connections instability during 10 000 times' uploading simulated data, indicating low power consumption and stable signal in the NB-IoT module. Better repeatability, real-time detection, and data integration were achieved in the variable light window collimator and communication means with NB-IoT, compared with other similar devices. The NB-IoT base station can widely be expected to support many devices and cover a large area. A general communication protocol of the Internet of things, MQTT, was set up with an NB-IoT module between the platform and instrument. A wide range of expansion support can realize the integration of multiple instruments and various measurement data. An experiment was also designed to explore the best test time and preheating time of the instrument, where five durations were set. It was found that the instrument performed well, as the duration increased, but some elements became unstable when the duration reached 240 s per sample. The best duration was determined to be 180 s in this case. Consequently, the instrument presented the best repeatability, when the sample was preheated for more than 30 min and the measurement time was 180 s. Three instruments were also fabricated to verify the measurement accuracy of the instrument with the soil samples from the same batch in Sichuan Province. The collected soil was used to prepare the standard samples after drying, grinding, sieving and pressing. This instrument and Olympus Vanta Element-S were compared to measure each sample 5 times. The soil samples were also characterized in a laboratory chemical analysis. It was found that the detection presented a high accuracy for the Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Zn, Cu, and other five elements. Particularly, the measured value of Cr was much more approximate to the true one, compared with Olympus Vanta Element-S. The average relative errors of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn were 4.6%, 7.5%, 3.8% and 14.2%, respectively, indicating high accuracy. The relative errors of the remaining three elements As, Cd, and Hg are 55.5%, 55.7%, and 37.2%, respectively. The errors are relatively large and will be significantly reduced as the detector accuracy improves in the future. The device can widely be expected to accurately, stably and real-time detect the content of heavy metals in soil. Subsequently, the data can be summarized to the cloud platform, indicating an excellent real-time performance and data integration.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Internet of things
Controlled terms:Analog to digital conversion - Base stations - Data integration - Electric fields - Energy dispersive spectroscopy - Fluorescence - Heavy metals - Soils - X ray detectors - X ray tubes
Uncontrolled terms:Best test duration - Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence - Narrow band internet of thing - Narrow bands - Rapid detection - Rapid detection of - Real- time - Soil heavy metals - Test durations - Warm-up time
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.3  Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1  Light/Optics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.42E+01%, Percentage 3.72E+01%, Percentage 3.80E+00%, Percentage 4.60E+00%, Percentage 5.55E+01%, Percentage 5.57E+01%, Percentage 7.50E+00%, Size 4.00E-02m, Time 1.80E+02s, Time 1.80E+03s, Time 2.40E+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20214111017665
Title:Short term load prediction method based on modal combination
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#27169;&#24577;&#32452;&#21512;&#30340;&#30701;&#26399;&#36127;&#33655;&#39044;&#27979;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Su, Juan (1); Fang, Shu (1); Liu, Bo (2); Du, Songhuai (1); Shan, Baoguo (3); Gao, Tian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Grid Beijing Chaoyang Electric Power Supply Company, Beijing; 100124, China; (3) State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing; 102209, China
Corresponding author:Du, Songhuai(songhuaidu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:186-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Short-term load forecasting plays a central role in the daily operation and dispatching of power systems. Greater flexibility and uncertainty in the operation of power systems have brought harsh requirements on the accurate forecasting of short-term load, particularly with the in-depth advancement of power market reform. A high-precision prediction model is also highly demanding to effectively coordinate the relationship between power generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption. In this study, short-term load forecasting was therefore proposed using variational mode decomposition (VMD) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) modal combination. The VMD was adopted for the adaptive signal decomposition of load sequence, considering the time and frequency domain in the signal decomposition evaluation. The impact of two dimensions on authenticity, independence, and performance was quantitatively clarified, further to determine the evaluation indicators of signal decomposition. An authenticity test of signal decomposition included the redundant component and residual difference component. In redundant components, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the component and the original signal was compared with the authenticity threshold from the perspective of the time domain. In residual components, the ratio of frequency band with significant amplitude in the residual spectrum to the original signal frequency band was used to measure the spectral characteristics of residual components from the perspective of the frequency domain. In the independence index test, two indicators were used to evaluate in the two dimensions of time and frequency domain, including the average Pearson correlation coefficient between the signal components, and the average overlap of significant frequency bands. Time domain was measured using the average Pearson correlation coefficient of each component and the original signal. The average concentration index of the significant frequency band was also selected to verify the signal decomposition. Three indicators were integrated to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator for signal decomposition. PSO was then used to optimize the parameters of the VMD model, where the comprehensive evaluation index of signal decomposition was taken as the objective function. The influencing factors of daily load included temperature, humidity, historical load, and day-ahead electricity price. The modal combination was used to integrate the modal sequence of influencing factors with similar periodicity in the frequency domain of load. The number of influencing factors after combination was expanded the same as the significant frequency bands of the load frequency domain, where the combined influencing factor modal presented a strong correlation with the load sequence. The expanded variables of influencing factors were input into the PSO-least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model for the load forecast of the day. The simulation results show that the VMD decomposition using the evaluation index optimization was better than the wavelet analysis, optimized ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and non-optimized VMD, indicating the decomposed modal sequence behaved higher quality. Specifically, The maximum relative error increased by 3.36 percentage point, the average relative error increased by 1.71 percentage point, the maximum absolute error increased by 95MW, and the average absolute error increased by 55.72 MW, compared with the PSO-LSSVM using a modal combination. This finding can provide sound support to the construction of a power market with flexible power regulation under the penetration of a high proportion of renewable energy, efficient grid interconnection, and extensive user response.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Frequency domain analysis
Controlled terms:Authentication - Correlation methods - Electric power plant loads - Forecasting - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Power markets - Signal processing
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation index - Modal decomposition - Mode composition - Mode decomposition - Original signal - Pearson correlation coefficients - Power - Short term load forecasting - Signal decomposition - Variational modal decomposition
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Power 5.572E+07W, Power 9.50E+07W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20214111017604
Title:Tea plantation identification using GF-1 and Sentinel-2 time series data
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;GF-1&#21644;Sentinel-2&#26102;&#24207;&#25968;&#25454;&#30340;&#33590;&#22253;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Bai, Jia (1, 2); Sun, Rui (1, 2); Zhang, Helin (1, 2); Wang, Yan (3, 4); Jin, Zhifeng (5)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (5) Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou; 310002, China
Corresponding authors:Sun, Rui(sunrui@bnu.edu.cn); Sun, Rui(sunrui@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:179-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">As an important economic tree species in China, tea trees play a critical role in promoting economic development. However, the expanding area of tea plantations in China over the recent years has reduced the biodiversity of the ecosystem and accelerated ecological problems. Identifying the spatial distribution of the tea plantation accurately is important for the monitoring of the tea plantation as well as the development of the tea industry. In this study, Wangzhai Town, located in the central of Wuyi County in Zhejiang Province, was chosen as the study area, and Gaofen-1 (GF-1) data on December 28, 2017, and all available Sentinel-2 data in 2017 were downloaded to study the tea plantations extraction method. The spectral and texture features of tea plantations are similar with crops on the high spatial resolution remote sensing image which results in the mixture of the tea plantations and crops. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series data can reflect the phenological changes of the tea trees and crops, which can be used to improve the separability of tea plantations and crops. In this study, a phenology-based approach was applied to the NDVI time series to distinguish tea plantations from crops by comparing the similarity of the seasonal changes of NDVI time series. Due to the influence of cloud and fog on the satellite image, the complete Sentinel-2 time series data is difficult to be obtained. Therefore, the high temporal resolution Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflection product (MCD43A4) in 2017 was used to reconstruct the complete Sentinel-2 NDVI time series data (5 m spatial resolution, 5 d temporal resolution) based on Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) spatial-temporal fusion algorithm. Then, the Dynamic Time Wraping (DTW) distance was calculated based on the DTW algorithm to characterize the similarity of NDVI time series between the tea plantation samples and other pixels to be classified. Combining the advantages of GF-1 in spatial details and the high temporal resolution of reconstructed Sentinel-2 NDVI time series in capturing the difference of growth process of tea trees, the tea plantation was identified based on random forest algorithm. Two identification schemes: 1) spectral and texture features based on GF-1; 2) spectral, texture features based on GF-1 and DTW distance were set up to investigate the impact of NDVI time series on the tea plantation identification. The results showed that: 1) the reconstructed NDVI time series data derived from MODIS and Sentinel-2 based on spatio-temporal fusion algorithm is able to capture the seasonal dynamics of different objects, and the DTW distance can capture the difference of NDVI time series data between crops and tea plantations and can be used for tea plantations extraction; 2) the accuracy, error rate, precision, recall and F1score were 96.91%, 3.09%, 89.00%, 83.09% and 0.86 respectively combining texture and spectral information of GF-1 and Sentinel-2 NDVI time series information, which were 94.72%, 5.28%, 73.09%, 84.61% and 0.78 respectively without Sentinel-2 NDVI time series information. Overall, the results of combining GF-1 and Sentinel-2 time series data performed better than that only based on the spectral and texture features of GF-1. These results confirmed that combining high spatial resolution with high temporal resolution time series remote sensing data is an effective method to improve the identification accuracy of tea plantations.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Spectrum analysis
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Crops - Data mining - Decision trees - Ecology - Extraction - Feature extraction - Forestry - Image resolution - Mixtures  - Radiometers - Random processes - Remote sensing - Satellite imagery - Textures - Time series - Time series analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Gaofen-1 - Images processing - Normalized difference vegetation index time series - Random forests - Remote-sensing - Sentinel-2 time series - Spectra analysis - Tea plantation identification - Tea plantations - Times series
Classification code:454  Environmental Engineering - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 655.2  Satellites - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.0  Woodlands and Forestry - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.4  Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.1  Probability Theory - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.09E+00%, Percentage 5.28E+00%, Percentage 7.309E+01%, Percentage 8.309E+01%, Percentage 8.461E+01%, Percentage 8.90E+01%, Percentage 9.472E+01%, Percentage 9.691E+01%, Size -2.54E-02m, Size 5.00E+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.14.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.