<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20213510848386
Title:Review and prospect of land consolidation and rehabilitation engineering in China --Based on the bibliometric analysis of the literature published amount in the "Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Engineering" column of Transactions of the CSAE from 2002 to 2020
Title of translation:&#20013;&#22269;&#22303;&#22320;&#25972;&#29702;&#24037;&#31243;&#21457;&#23637;&#22238;&#39038;&#19982;&#23637;&#26395;--&#22522;&#20110;&#12298;&#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#25253;&#12299;"&#22303;&#22320;&#25972;&#29702;&#24037;&#31243;"&#19987;&#26639;2002-2020&#24180;&#21002;&#36733;&#25991;&#29486;&#30340;&#35745;&#37327;&#23398;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wang, Jinman (1, 3); Yun, Wenju (2); Bai, Zhongke (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100035, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:307-316
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The land consolidation project is one of the most important approaches to ensure national food and ecological security. An academic journal "Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering" launched a column of "Land Consolidation Project" in 2002, in order to promote the research of land consolidation project. This column was renamed the "Land Resource Guarantee and National Land Ecological Security" from the 9th issue of May 2020, with the continuous expansion of research fields in the modern land consolidation project. In this study, the bibliometrics was utilized to statistically analyze the papers published in the "Land Consolidation Project" column of "Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering" from 2002 to 2020. Great research progress was highlighted in the different research directions, and then the future focus was proposed in the field of land resource and national ecological security, with emphasis on China's strategy of food and ecological security. The results showed that the research directions of land consolidation project mainly included land use, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, industrial and mining wasteland reclamation, rural residential area consolidation, land ecology, land restoration, basic farmland construction and protection, land saving, rural spatial pattern and development, cultivated land development, as well as urban land consolidation. Furthermore, land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, and cultivated land quality and safety had become hot topics, where the publications accounted for 10.52%, 10.16%, and 8.51%, respectively. 5-keyword clustering was formed, such as the land evaluation, agricultural land consolidation, cultivated land quality and safety, 3S and land information technology, as well as industrial and mining wasteland reclamation. Additionally, 10 groups of cooperation networks were formed in the leading research fields using the cooperation network of research authors generated by VOSviewer. More importantly, the published papers in the "Land Consolidation Project Column" had covered all directions of the land consolidation project. Ecological land consolidation and land-use security pattern were established in recent years, where the ecological effect of land consolidation was analyzed using the theory of landscape ecology. Moreover, many efforts have been made on the ecological design and restoration technology of single land consolidation project, together with the pattern evolution and layout optimization of rural residential areas. In the future, much more attention can be paid to the land resource security and national land ecological security, particularly to the theories and mechanisms in the "systematization, ecologicalization, informationization and intelligence" for the protection and restoration of the regional ecosystem, to realize "overall protection, unified restoration and comprehensive management" of "mountain-water-forest-field-lake-grass". Consequently, the ecological security pattern of national land can be built, once the research on the intelligent management of one map of natural resources was implemented using the state-of-the-art big data in intelligent agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Agricultural engineering - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Conservation - Data mining - Ecodesign - Ecology - Housing - Human rehabilitation engineering  - Industrial research - Information management - Land use - National security - Natural resources management - Network security - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Publishing - Quality control - Restoration  - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Bibliometric analysis - Comprehensive managements - Cooperation networks - Cultivated land qualities - Intelligent management - Protection and restoration - Rehabilitation engineering - Rural residential areas
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1  Urban Planning and Development - 404.1  Military Engineering - 442.2  Land Reclamation - 454.1  Environmental Engineering, General - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.5  Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3  Engineering Research - 903.2  Information Dissemination - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.05e+01%, Percentage 8.51e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20213510848323
Title:Analysis of the linkage between landscape pattern and the water quality of ponds in Southern Jiangsu of China
Title of translation:&#33487;&#21335;&#22320;&#21306;&#26223;&#35266;&#26684;&#23616;&#29305;&#24449;&#19982;&#22353;&#22616;&#27700;&#36136;&#20851;&#32852;&#20851;&#31995;
Authors:Qiao, Guoliang (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3); Gu, Zhengming (1); He, Jie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Yinkang(drzhyk@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:224-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Influences of land use types and landscape pattern indexes on the water quality of ponds were explored here in southern Jiangsu of China, particularly for the environmental protection of rural water under the background of rapid urbanization. Taking 42 rural ponds in Sunan District as the research object, the water sample was collected for the land use data in July 2019 and September 2020. Some parameters were selected as the feature condition for the water quality of ponds, including the potential of Hydrogen (pH), electrical Conductivity (COND, &mu;s/cm), Dissolved Oxygen (DO, mg/L), Phosphate (TDP, mg/L), and ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3</inf>-N, mg/L). Firstly, Fragstats 4.2 software was used to calculate the landscape pattern indexes. The comprehensive pollution index and pollution load ratio index were then calculated on the basis of the divided watershed. At last, Spearman correction and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) were thus combined to initially explore the impacts of land use and landscape pattern on the water quality. The results showed: 1) There was a great difference in the water quality of rural ponds in Sunan District. Specifically, there was an increasing trend of COND and NH<inf>3</inf>-N, a decreasing trend of TDP, while a trend of decreasing first and then increasing for the DO from north to south in the study area. The southern region was more polluted, indicating the most serious DO pollution. The intensity of land use was relatively high in the buffer zones at different scales. The cultivated land and construction land were dominant with an average ratio of 57.34%-73.19%. 2) The water quality varied significantly in the land use types. A positive correlation was obtained on the construction land with NH<inf>3</inf>-N and DO, whereas, a negative correlation with TDP and COND. A significant positive correlation was observed on the cultivated land with COND and NH<inf>3</inf>-N, particularly on the 200m and 400-500m scale with TDP. A certain positive effect was achieved on the woodland and grassland with the water quality purification, where a more obvious correlation was found on the 200m scale. 3) In the correlation analysis, Largest Patch Index (LPI) and Aggregation Index (AI) at 100m scale were significantly negatively correlated with COND and NH<inf>3</inf>-N, whereas, Landscape Shape Index (LSI) and Patch Division Index (DIVISION) at 100m scale were significantly positively correlated with COND and NH<inf>3</inf>-N. In the redundancy analysis, the cumulative percentage of the first sort axis (constraint axis) was 94.4% within the 100m buffer zone, and the correlation coefficient was 53.3%, indicating a better relationship between water quality and landscape pattern. 4) LPI, LSI, DIVISION, Patch Cohesion Index (COHESION), and AI presented the most obvious relationship with the water quality characteristics. The findings can provide a sound reference for decision-making in land use planning.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biochemical oxygen demand - Decision making - Dissolved oxygen - Lakes - Land use - LSI circuits - Ponds - Redundancy - Rural areas  - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - Electrical conductivity - Largest patch indices - Negative correlation - Positive correlations - Redundancy analysis (RDA) - Water quality characteristics
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 445.2  Water Analysis - 453  Water Pollution - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 714.2  Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 912.2  Management - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.33e+01%, Percentage 5.73e+01% to 7.32e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 2.00e+02m, Size 4.00e+02m to 5.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20213510848387
Title:Storage quality of fresh Lycium barbarum by vacuum precooling and microporous membrane packaging
Title of translation:&#30495;&#31354;&#39044;&#20919;&#32467;&#21512;&#24494;&#23380;&#33180;&#21253;&#35013;&#23545;&#40092;&#26552;&#26462;&#36142;&#34255;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Lu, Ling (1); Kang, Ningbo (1); Liu, Guishan (1); He, Xiaoguang (1); Li, Juan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Kang, Ningbo(109438847@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:245-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Fresh Lycium barbarum (wolfberry) is one of the most popular medicinal and food supplements in China. The favorite taste and rich nutrients substances have drawn much more attention, with emphasis on a wide range of health benefits in recent years. Nevertheless, the postharvest fresh Lycium barbarum generally presents high respiratory climacteric intensity and very active physiological responses. Specifically, the fruit stalk is easy to fall off during ripening, which makes the juice of Lycium barbarum flow out and prone to mold pollution. As such, the preservation period of postharvest fresh fruit is only 2-3 days under normal temperature, indicating a very high occurrence of damage rate. Therefore, a great challenge still remains on the preservation of fresh Lycium barbarum fruit. Fortunately, vacuum precooling can quickly eliminate the field heat of fresh Lycium barbarum, while reducing the respiratory intensity. Since the precooling is very remarkable, only a few efforts were made on the vacuum precooling in the fresh Lycium barbarum. Furthermore, the respiration rate is relatively high in the fresh Lycium barbarum after harvest, which the air permeability of ordinary film cannot meet. It is easy to cause low oxygen concentration and high carbon dioxide concentration in the membrane, resulting in anaerobic respiration and carbon dioxide poisoning of fresh Lycium barbarum, and ultimately losing the nutritional value of fresh Lycium barbarum. Therefore, a high permeability film is highly demanding to deal with the breathing problem of fresh Lycium barbarum. Particularly, microporous film preservation is widely expected to be an ideal preservation way at present. In this study, the storage quality of fresh Lycium barbarum was investigated using vacuum precooling combined with microporous membrane packaging. The weight loss rate, wax layer, and respiration rate of fresh Lycium barbarum were also compared to determine the optimal process parameters. The fresh Lycium barbarum with vacuum precooling under the best process parameters was packaged with the microporous membrane, and then kept in cold storage at (-1 &plusmn; 0.5) &#8451;. The fresh Lycium barbarum with microporous membrane packaging and without any treatment was taken as the control group, and then kept in cold storage under the same storage conditions. The hardness, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), color, respiratory intensity, and Catalase (CAT) activity of fresh Lycium barbarum during storage were measured to comprehensively analyze the effects of different treatments on the storage quality of fresh fruit. The results showed that the final temperature of 6&#8451; and final pressure of 800-1 000 Pa posed little effect on the weight loss rate of fresh Lycium barbarum; the final temperature 6 &#8451; and final pressure 1 200-1 500 Pa had little damage to the inner epidermis structure of fresh fruit; the final temperature 2 &#8451; and final pressure 800-1 000 Pa presented the lowest respiratory intensity of fresh fruit. Consequently, the final temperature of 6 &#8451; and the final pressure of 1 200-1 500 Pa were the optimal process parameters for the vacuum precooling of fresh Lycium barbarum. At the same time, the vacuum precooling combined with microporous membrane packaging during storage can effectively delay the decline of hardness and TSS, while reducing the respiratory intensity, color change, and CAT activity, compared with the control group. This finding can provide important theoretical support for the production of fresh Lycium barbarum using vacuum precooling technology.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Cooling
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Carbon dioxide process - Cold storage - Fruits - Hardness - Membranes - Microporosity - Packaging - Physiological models
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic respiration - Different treatments - Final temperatures - Micro porous membranes - Physiological response - Preservation period - Process parameters - Total soluble solids
Classification code:534.2  Foundry Practice - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 694.1  Packaging, General - 694.4  Storage - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr to 8.22e-03yr, Pressure 1.20e+03Pa to 1.50e+03Pa, Pressure 8.00e+02Pa to 1.00e+03Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20213510848401
Title:A facile arc impeller with layered-staggered structure to clean cold-proof soil on grapes
Title of translation:&#20998;&#23618;&#20132;&#38169;&#24335;&#33889;&#33796;&#38450;&#23506;&#22303;&#24359;&#24418;&#28165;&#22303;&#21494;&#36718;&#30340;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Ma, Shuai (1); Xu, Liming (1); Niu, Cong (1); Yan, Chenggong (1); Zhao, Shijian (1); Wang, Kun (1); Tan, Haochao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cleaning components of cold-proof soil are still lacking for grape production in northern China. In this study, a novel arc impeller was designed to remove the cold-proof soil from the surface of grapes, particularly with low power consumption. Four components were divided, including the spline connection sleeve, impeller shaft, arc impeller blade, and connecting plate of impeller blades. A layered-staggered structure was adopted in the form of a cross arrangement. The external dimension of the arc soil cleaning impeller and the number of impeller blades were determined, according to the agronomic requirements of grape cold-proof soil cleaning in the study areas. Specifically, the rotary diameter and the height of the arc soil cleaning impeller were 600 and 300 mm, respectively, where there were two impeller blades in each layer. The main factors were determined on the power consumption under the movement and force of the arc soil cleaning impeller. The specific range of each factor was determined for the key experimental parameters, according to the actual operation. A three-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center simulation was carried out using an Extended Distinct Element Method (EDEM), where the experimental factors were the forward speed, rotation speed, and bending angle of impeller blade in the soil cleaning impeller, whereas, the indicators were the torque and horizontal forward resistance. Design Expert 8.0.6 software was used to analyze the significance of the regression model on simulation experimental data. A regression model was established between the torque and horizontal forward resistance of the arc soil cleaning impeller and the experiment factors. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of experiment factors affecting the torque and horizontal forward resistance of soil cleaning impeller were the rotation speed, the forward speed, and the bending angle of the impeller blade. An optimal combination of operation parameters was achieved when taking the minimum torque and horizontal forward resistance of the arc soil cleaning impeller as the optimization target. Specifically, when the forward speed was 0.38 m/s, the rotation speed was 450 r/min, and the bending angle of the impeller blade was 18&deg;, the torque and horizontal forward resistance reached the minimum of 9.99 N&bull;m and 27.09 N, respectively. A soil bin verification experiment was carried out using the working parameters of optimization, where the optimized bending angle was processed in the soil cleaning impeller. Correspondingly, the torque and horizontal forward resistance of the arc soil cleaning impeller in soil bin verification experiment were 11.56 N&bull;m and 31.82 N, respectively, while the relative errors between the simulated and experimental values were 13.58% and 14.86%, respectively. It infers that the soil bin verification experiment was basically consistent with the simulation. In any way, the torque and horizontal forward resistance were reduced by 9.40% and 15.37%, respectively, in the arc soil cleaning impeller, compared with the conventional straight-plate soil cleaning impeller.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Impellers
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Computer software - Electric power utilization - Plates (structural components) - Regression analysis - Rotation - Soils - Speed - Torque
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental factors - Experimental parameters - Extended distinct element methods - Low-power consumption - Operation parameters - Orthogonal rotations - Quadratic regression - Staggered structures
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2  Machine Components - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.1  Mechanics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.71e+01N, Force 3.18e+01N, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 1.54e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+00%, Rotational_Speed 4.50e+02RPM, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Torque 1.16e+01N*m, Torque 9.99e+00N*m, Velocity 3.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20213510848454
Title:Tractive force requirement of V-plow drain-pipe installation machine
Title of translation:V&#24418;&#29313;&#24335;&#26080;&#27807;&#38138;&#31649;&#26426;&#29301;&#24341;&#21147;&#38656;&#27714;
Authors:Guo, Dafang (1); Chen, Kun (1, 2); Hu, Xiao'an (1); Geng, Guanjie (1, 2); Yao, Qiang (1, 2); Yang, Lulu (1, 2); Zhou, Kunlei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Tsun Greatwall Hydraulic R&D Co. Ltd., Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Kun(chenkun@caams.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:46-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A V-shaped plow has widely been expected to serve as a cost-effective trenchless drain-pipe installation machine in the subsurface drainage over the decades of application in European countries, due to its simple structure, high working efficiency, and low operation cost. The unique characteristics make it particularly suitable for the construction of subsurface drainage systems in alluvial plains along the Yellow River, where the underground water table is shallow, and the soil is unstable. A prototype machine was firstly developed in China at the beginning of the 13th Five-Year Plan period in 2016. In this study, a systematic investigation has been conducted on the tractive force requirement at different depthes in the pipe installation, thereby verifying the performance of the machine. A dynamic analysis was made to clarify the working resistances (consisting of soil-cutting, soil-lifting, and soil-metal friction resistance), and the traveling resistance (consisting of soil compaction, bulldozing, and friction resistance) using the mechanical structure and working principle. Two major components also constituted the total requirement of tractive force. A mathematical model was then established to describe the relationship of tractive force requirement with the plow body specifications, soil physical properties, and drain-pipe depth. The model indicated that the tractive force requirement was the second power in the pipe installation depth, particularly with the primary and quadratic terms resulted from the plow working resistance and the constant term from the track traveling resistance. A prototype machine was used to collect the soil physical data from the Shantun Village, some 80 km to the lower reaches of Huanghe River in Shandong Province of China. A Finite Element Method (FEM) and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) were combined for the dynamic simulations at different installation depths. The results showed that the curve of working resistance was in good conformance to the general law of plow-body and soil interaction. Specifically, the plow working resistances were 35.65, 55.71, 111.06, 201.80, and 313.22 kN, respectively, at the installation depth of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 m. A regression analysis was also implemented to further verify the validity of the model. A field test was planned using a central composite design, where the installation depth of drain-pipe and working speed of machine were set as the factors, whereas the tractive force was as the response. The power consumption of hydraulic pump was measured to determine the requirement of tractive force for the driving and traveling speed of the machine. An entire ANOVA table showed that there was a significant effect of installation depth and square in a drain pipe on the tractive force requirement, as indicated in the theoretical model. The tested and simulated regression curves of working resistance fit quite well, with the maximum relative error smaller than 20%, indicating the acceptable simulated data. The data can be expected to serve as a basic guideline for the V-plow drain-pipe installation machine under various soil physical properties at varying drain-pipe installation depth and pipe diameter to be installed. The finding can further provide strong support to the structural design of a V-plow machine for the trenchless drain-pipe installation.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Installation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cost effectiveness - Drainage - Friction - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Hydrodynamics - Metal cutting - Metal working - Physical properties  - Pipeline laying - Soil mechanics - Soil testing - Soils - Structural design - Trenching
Uncontrolled terms:Central composite designs - Maximum relative errors - Mechanical structures - Smooth particle hydrodynamics - Soil physical property - Subsurface drainage system - Theoretical modeling - Underground water table
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 535.2.2  Metal Forming Practice - 604.1  Metal Cutting - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Force 3.13e+05N, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Size 1.60e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20213510848326
Title:Development of agricultural machinery steering wheel angle measuring system based on GNSS attitude and motor encoder
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;GNSS&#23039;&#24577;&#19982;&#30005;&#26426;&#32534;&#30721;&#22120;&#30340;&#20892;&#26426;&#36716;&#21521;&#35282;&#24230;&#27979;&#37327;&#31995;&#32479;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Chen, Yun (1); He, Yan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an UniStrong Navigation Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an; 710065, China; (2) School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an; 710121, China
Corresponding author:He, Yan(smileconfidence@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:10-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Measuring steering wheel angle in real-time normally requires accurate installation and reliability in a typical auto-pilot sensor system for agricultural machinery. There are mainly three types of steering wheel angle measurement at present. In the first type, the displacement sensors are widely used to measure the stroke of the steering cylinder, thereby indirectly obtaining the steering angle. In the second type, the resistive or magnetic angle sensors (hall-type) are used to measure the kingpin rotation angle, and then geometric relations are used to calculate the steering angle. In the third type, a gyroscope was selected to measure the angular rate of the steering axle for the angle increment. Nevertheless, all these types need to be updated, when connecting to the navigation controller of a tractor. The first type requires easy installation and high reliability. The second type has high detection accuracy, but also needs easy installation. Since the third type is simple to install, the angle accuracy depends mainly on the gyro's zero drift, random drift and cumulative error. In this study, a measuring system of steering wheel angle was proposed using the combination of GNSS attitude and motor encoder. In this system, there was no need to install sensors on the steering wheels, or connect to the navigation controller. Firstly, the tractor attitude and ground speed were captured with a high precise GNSS terminal (MC4), and then the reference point of the vehicle precisely compensated the ground speed under the lever arm compensation with the roll and heading of a tractor. A dynamic motion model was selected to roughly calculate the wheel steering angle of the vehicle using the measuring system of steering angle. Secondly, a transfer model was established to real-time measure the steering wheel angle rate using the encoder of the electric wheel, thereby obtaining the steering axle angle rate, particularly considering the linear features of full hydraulic steering gear and the noise of hydraulic leakage. Thirdly, a Kalman filter was used to obtain a highly accurate steering wheel angle, where the rough angle was selected as the observed value, whereas, the steering axle angle rate was used to estimate the steering angle. A static hydraulic steering experiment was conducted to identify the transfer model of the steering wheel, where the LX1204's transfer coefficient of hydraulic steering was 0.046 542. The field tests included dynamic steering and path tracking. A fixed motor and a ping-pong tuning wheel were used for driving in the dynamic steering tests with the specific speed of 5, 10, 15 and 20 r/min. The results showed that the standard deviation of output angle in the Kalman filter was less than 1&deg;, compared with the angle sensor in the hall effect. Path tracking experiments included 3 times straight-line steering in mid-/high-speed, and 4 times curve path steering. Specifically, the standard deviation was less than 0.91&deg; in straight line tracking, while the deviation was 2.56&deg; in the curve path tracking, and the largest measuring error was about 5&deg; during the tractor wheel angle beyond &plusmn;20&deg;. It inferred that the measuring system presented a better accuracy, when driving in a straight line, compared with the hall effect angle sensor. The navigation error of the auto-pilot system was less than 2.5 cm in the straight-line steering, while the navigation error was about 9.0 cm in the curve path tracking. Consequently, this angle measuring system can be used in the straight-line steering for the field work, or auto headland turn and harrowing in modern agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Steering
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Angle measurement - Automobile steering equipment - Axles - Errors - Global positioning system - Gyroscopes - Hall effect  - Hall effect transducers - Kalman filters - Navigation - Signal encoding - Statistics - Tractors (truck) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Detection accuracy - Displacement sensor - Dynamic motion models - Geometric relations - Modern agricultures - Navigation controllers - Transfer coefficient - Wheel steering angle
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 662.4  Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 1.50e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 9.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20213510848410
Title:Spatio-temporal distribution of thermal parameters in sheep house with slatted floor in winter
Title of translation:&#20908;&#23395;&#28431;&#32541;&#22320;&#26495;&#32650;&#33293;&#28201;&#28909;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#26102;&#31354;&#20998;&#24067;&#35268;&#24459;
Authors:Zhao, Shoupei (1); Li, Xuemei (1); Sun, Xinsheng (2); Che, Dalu (1); Zhang, Huiwen (3); Wang, Xinfang (4); Gao, Yuhong (1); Cheng, Sucai (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) Technology and Education Station of Chengde Municipal Bureu of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengde; 067000, China; (4) Animal Husbandry Station of Hebei, Shijiazhuang; 050035, China; (5) Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Academy of Langfang, Langfang; 065000, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Yuhong(gyhsxs0209@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:159-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The slatted floor was widely used in a sheep house for cold winter at present. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of thermal parameters in a closed sheep house with a slatted floor in winter in a cold region. Two sheep houses with slatted floors (House A and B) with the same structure were selected in the north-south direction. The manure outlet of House A was not blocked, where that of House B was blocked. The temperature and humidity in the upper space of two slatted floors were continuously and dynamically measured in time and space (horizontal and vertical). A two-month test was carried out to measure the key environmental parameters. An infrared thermal imaging device was used to systematically analyze the temperature in the lower space of the slatted floor. The results showed that: 1) There was no difference in the average daily Temperature (Ta) or Relative Humidity (RH) between two houses (P&gt;0.05), with the Ta of -3.07 &#8451; and the RH of 38.08% in House A. However, there was an increasing trend in the Ta at the fecal outlet of House B, compared with House A, revealing an average Ta of -2.76 &#8451; and a maximum Ta difference of 1.05 &#8451; between two houses. 2) the Ta at 1.5 m above floor (T<inf>1.5</inf>) was higher than that at floor (T<inf>0</inf>) (P&lt;0.01) in the vertical distribution. Specifically, the difference was 1.71 &#8451; in House A, and decreased to 1.35 &#8451; in House B. The average T<inf>0</inf> in House B increased by 0.49 &#8451;, compared with House A. In addition, the lowest T<inf>0</inf> in House A was -7.40 &#8451;, and the T<inf>0</inf> was lower than -3 &#8451; for 16.0 h every day. 3) In the horizontal direction, the Ta on the south side in both houses was higher than that on the north side. s lower than -3 &#8451; for 16.0 h every day. 4) From horizontal, the south-side Ta in both houses was higher than the north-side. Particularly at the slatted floor, the difference between north- and south-side Ta reached to 0.59 &#8451; in House A and 0.39 &#8451; in House B. Moreover, the horizontal difference of Ta was obvious in the east-west direction, showing the west-side Ta was the lowest. Particularly on the west-north side, the horizontal temperature Ta difference reached 2.11 &#8451; in House A, whereas, the difference decreased to 0.92 &#8451; in House B. Consequently, the Ta at the outlet on the north-west side was the lowest in both houses, where the T<inf>0</inf> and T<inf>1.5</inf> in House B increased by 1.33 and 0.47&deg;C, respectively, compared with House A. 5) In infrared thermography of enclosure under the slatted floor, the Ta difference was 2.1 &#8451; between the slatted floor and ditch bottom in House A, while the difference in House B dropped to 0.7 &#8451;. Moreover, the side wall Ta of the ditch in two houses was the lowest among all structures under floor, with -9.3 &#8451; in House A and -7.2 &#8451; in House B. 6) The wind chill temperature (WCT) in House B was higher than that in House A (P&lt;0.05). The wind speed at the fecal outlet of house A was higher (P&lt;0.05) than that of House B, reaching 0.682 m/s. The fecal outlet was sealed in a slatted-floor house, further increased the indoor Ta, while decreased both horizontal and vertical Ta difference. The finding can provide strong support to the airtightness and heat preservation at the fecal outlet when the slatted floor was used in the sheep house.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Fertilizers - Floors - Houses - Thermography (imaging) - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Daily temperatures - Environmental parameter - Infrared thermal imaging - Spatial and temporal distribution - Spatiotemporal distributions - Temperature and humidities - Thermal parameters - Vertical distributions
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 402.3  Residences - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 742.1  Photography - 804  Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.81e+01%, Size 1.50e+00m, Temperature 2.74e+02K, Time 5.76e+04s, Velocity 6.82e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20213510848425
Title:Governance pattern of basin ecological space in Loess Plateau of China
Title of translation:&#40644;&#22303;&#39640;&#21407;&#22320;&#21306;&#27969;&#22495;&#29983;&#24577;&#31354;&#38388;&#31649;&#25511;&#27169;&#24335;
Authors:Zhang, Lingda (1); Hou, Quanhua (1); Duan, Yaqiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710061, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Quanhua(houquanhua@chd.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:206-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The governance pattern of basin ecological space is an important spatial blueprint to implement high-quality development in the Loess Plateau in China. The rapid economic development at the expense of natural ecological resources has posed a serious threat to the high-quality development of land and space, such as imbalance of spatial pattern, inefficient utilization of resources, and degradation of ecological functions. The Loess Plateau is one of the areas with the most serious soil erosion. There is a long-term impact of soil conservation in the Loess Plateau with the unique hydrology, climate, and geomorphology on the ecological security of the Yellow River, and the sustainable development of regional communities. Therefore, the basin ecological space control model is one of the most important approaches to deal with the ecological and environmental challenges in the Loess Plateau. The concept of ecological space was first introduced into China in the 1990s. The spatial relationship began to draw much attention in the ecosystem, including scale, spatial pattern, and mosaic dynamics. Since then, various concepts have emerged continuously, such as ecological security patterns, ecological zoning, ecological corridors, and ecological networks. Most control models of ecological space were dominated by the spatial pattern, boundary, relationship, and control rules. The ecological space on spatial planning can be used for the regional ecological environment and comprehensive evaluation from multiple dimensions, such as ecological service, sensitivity, carrying capacity, and disaster risk. Two main types can be divided, such as the zoning and element type. The ecological space control has presented much more comprehensive, diversified, different and systematic features in recent years. However, a previous ecological space system failed to realize the zoning and factor coordination suitable for the complex ecological process and the spatial positioning of regional control contents at different scales. A basic paradigm was normally selected to explore the relationship between the ecohydrological process and landscape pattern, due mainly to the climatic and geographical conditions of the Loess Plateau. In this study, a new framework was proposed for the basin ecological space management during the ecohydrological process, considering the connotation and characteristics of basin ecological space control under territorial spatial planning. At the element level, an element control model was established with the coordination of landscape pattern, eco-hydrology, and land use. At the zoning level, a three-layer bidirectional zoning control model was constructed to combine vertically stratified conduction and horizontally restricted control. Taking Sanshui River Basin in Xunyi County as the research area, the zoning control was implemented from "surface, line and point" to construct the ecological security pattern at the basin scale and complete the index control of ecological elements from landscape index and land allocation. Finally, the spatial positioning of control content can be realized in the form of a guide map, particularly for the decision-making in ecological space restoration and comprehensive management. This finding can promote the scientific guidance of ecological space at the river basin scale for a better ecological environment in the Loess Plateau of China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Coordination reactions - Decision making - Economics - Forestry - Land use - Landforms - Rivers - Sediments - Soil conservation - Sustainable development  - Watersheds - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive managements - Ecological environments - Environmental challenges - Geographical conditions - Loess plateau of chinas - Utilization of resources - Vertically stratified
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1  Surface Water - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 912.2  Management - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20213510848334
Title:Construction and evaluation of the typical technology pattern of farmer cooperatives for grain harvest-storage in China
Title of translation:&#20013;&#22269;&#20892;&#27665;&#19987;&#19994;&#21512;&#20316;&#31038;&#31918;&#39135;&#25910;&#20648;&#20856;&#22411;&#25216;&#26415;&#27169;&#24335;&#26500;&#24314;&#19982;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Zhu, Guangfei (1, 2); Zhou, Xinqun (1, 2); Yi, Xiaolan (3); Xie, Qizhen (1, 2); Lou, Zheng (1, 2); Shen, Jin (1, 2); Wang, Xiaomeng (1, 2); Zhao, Yuqiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Processing Engineering, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100121, China; (3) Institute of Food and Strategic Reserves, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing; 210003, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Qizhen(xqizhen@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">"Three increases" in the production, storage and import of grain industry have triggered the continuous advance in the current harvest-storage system in recent years. At the same time, there is a highly serious loss of grain in the harvest and postharvest stages. Specifically, the annual loss of grain only in the storage, transportation and processing is up to about 3.5&times;10¹⁰ kg. Among the main grain storage entities, the loss rate of the farmers' grain harvest-storage is the highest, which reduces food supply and farmers' income level. Furthermore, new types of operation entities, such as farmer cooperatives, are widely expected to cope with the planting and storage dispersion since 2006. However, some current cooperatives only share simple harvest-storage technology, failing to formulate the production on a large scale, where the facilities and equipment are still lacking. In this study, an attempt was made to deal with the present situation of harvest and postharvest links in the farmer cooperative, such as simple technology, high loss rate, high energy consumption, and technology mismatch. The field data was collected in 130 farmer cooperatives covering 7 provinces in China. An integrated scheme of grain harvest-storage technology was also established for the farmer cooperatives integrating various engineering technologies. An evaluation was made on the typical technology pattern of grain harvest-storage in farmer cooperatives using hierarchical analysis, Delphi, and case study. The whole link, operation entities, and grain types were also considered during the evaluation. Three representative patterns were constructed, including the mechanical drying with clean energy for corn in northeast China, natural drying with green energy in annual double cropping areas of Central Plains, and rice mechanized drying and classified collection in southern China. These designs were assessed from the aspects of pattern connotation, suitable scope, and pattern scheme. Taking the harvest-storage pattern of a farmer cooperative in Liaoning Province as an example, the score shifted from the medium to excellent grade, after the cooperative pattern was optimized. The specific operational indicators showed that the loss rate of harvest-storage link decreased from 9% to 5%, the mildew rate of corn decreased from 4%-8% to less than 2%, and the drying energy consumption was reduced by more than 15%. It inferred that the well-established pattern was feasible to optimize the grain harvest-storage scheme for the farmer cooperative in specific regions. Nevertheless, some possible constraints also need to be considered, such as the state-of-the-art technology, market prospect, acceptance degree, and policy system, when the pattern is applied to optimize the current cooperative harvest-storage scheme. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the optimization of the harvest-storage pattern should be further strengthened in the follow-up study, where the marginal effect of cooperative scale, harvest-storage pattern, and economic output should be further explored to determine the best balance. The finding can provide potential support to reduce grain loss, while keeping grain quality in modern highly mechanized agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Digital storage - Drying - Economic and social effects - Energy utilization - Food storage - Food supply - Harvesting
Uncontrolled terms:Drying energy consumption - Hierarchical analysis - High energy consumption - Operational indicator - Representative patterns - State-of-the-art technology - Storage technology - Technology patterns
Classification code:525.3  Energy Utilization - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.1  Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3  Food Products - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00% to 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20213510848396
Title:Recognition of quantitative indicator of fishery standard using attention mechanism and the BERT+BiLSTM+CRF model
Title of translation:&#34701;&#21512;&#27880;&#24847;&#21147;&#26426;&#21046;&#19982;BERT+BiLSTM+CRF&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#28180;&#19994;&#26631;&#20934;&#23450;&#37327;&#25351;&#26631;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Ren, Yuan (1, 2, 3); Yu, Hong (1, 2, 3); Yang, He (1, 2, 3); Liu, Jusheng (1, 2, 3); Yang, Huining (1, 2, 3); Sun, Zhetao (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Sijia (1, 2, 3); Liu, Mingjian (1, 2, 3); Sun, Hua (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian; 116023, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Marine Information Technology of Liaoning Province, Dalian; 116023, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Hong(yuhong@dlou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:135-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Fishery information service is a vital component to realize data analysis, feature extraction, and fishing forecasting, particularly for a high comprehensive production capacity and modernized management in fishery. The commonly-used keyword matching without standard contents cannot meet the high demand for accurate service in the current information system of fishery. The standard quantitative indicators in fishery have become one of the most important tasks in the information service. Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately identify the effective standard quantitative indicators for the automatic extraction of fishery. Combining the attention mechanism and the BERT+BiLSTM+CRF (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers + Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory + Conditional Random Field) model, this study aims to propose a highly accurate recognition method of standard quantitative indicators in fishery, further to replace the commonly-used entity recognition. The quantitative indicators were firstly divided into four types of entities: the indicator name, indicator value, unit, and qualified words for identification. This operation effectively dealt with the difficult identification of fishery standard quantitative indicator entities. It was found that the location information behaved a significant impact on the recognition of indicator names and other entities. Vector data was also utilized to improve the recognition of indicator names. Secondly, the BiLSTM model was used to learn the semantic features of long sequences in the fishery standard text quantitative indicators. The attention mechanism was then integrated to treat the long-sequence semantic dilution. Finally, all sequence tags were obtained through the CRF layer. The test results showed that the accuracy rate was 94.51%, the recall rate was 96.37%, and the F1 value was 95.43% for the fusion attention mechanism and the BERT+BiLSTM+CRF model. Compared with the fusion attention + BiLSTM + CRF (named entity recognition model), the accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value increased by 2.78, 6.73, and 4.65 percentage points, respectively. The word vectors, position vectors, and sentence features were combined for better recognition in the model. The self-attention mechanism of the BERT model was pre-trained, where a bidirectional encoder was used for the transformer layer in the BERT model, indicating a better performance on the text context memory. Compared with the BERT+BiLSTM+CRF model, the accuracy, recall, and F1 value increased by 1.62, 0.25, and 0.97 percentage points, respectively, indicating that the attention mechanism contributed to the greater weight of the target entity in the long- and short-term memory network. The features were then weighted to make the model more accurately identify quantitative indicators. The proposed model can be expected to more accurately identify the fishery standard quantitative indicators, especially the indicator names, indicator values, units, qualifiers. This investigation can provide promising data support to accurate information using standard content services. The effective fishery standard quantitative index can also offer new ideas for the identification of quantitative indicator named entities in agricultural, medical, and biological fields.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fisheries
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Brain - Extraction - Information services - Information use - Natural language processing systems - Random processes - Semantics - Signal encoding
Uncontrolled terms:Attention mechanisms - Automatic extraction - Conditional random field - Location information - Long and short term memory - Named entity recognition - Quantitative indicators - Quantitative indices
Classification code:461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use - 903.4  Information Services - 922.1  Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.45e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20213510848331
Title:Pilot-plant test of mushroom instant soup by vacuum freeze drying based on energy consumption analysis
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#33021;&#32791;&#20998;&#26512;&#30340;&#30495;&#31354;&#20919;&#20923;&#24178;&#29157;&#39135;&#29992;&#33740;&#27748;&#22359;&#21046;&#22791;&#20013;&#35797;
Authors:Shi, Defang (1, 4); Fan, Xiuzhi (1, 4); Yin, Chaomin (1, 4); Yao, Fen (1, 4); Feng, Cuiping (2); Cheng, Shilun (3); Gao, Hong (1, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Edible Fungi Processing, Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan; 430064, China; (2) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (3) Hubei Edible Fungi Freeze-drying Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongxiang Xingli Food Co., Ltd, Zhongxiang; 431900, China; (4) Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Under-forest Economy, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Hong(highong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:253-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Mushroom instant soup is one of the most popular snack products in the diet of modern consumers. The typical consumption pattern is dramatically ever increasing for ready-to-eat, convenient, and cheap snacks, especially in most developing countries. The high-class mushroom can also provide delicious taste and abundant nutritive value. However, it has not yet been fully investigated how to develop instant soup with rich flavor and nutritional value.Compared with other preparation methods, freeze drying is commonly recognized to allow obtaining a higher quality product which can be easily rehydrated and retain organoleptic properties. In general, freeze-drying allows the dehydration of materials by sublimation at low temperature and sub-atmospheric pressure, thereby retaining higher nutritional value, flavor, color, and creating a porous structure in the dried products, all of which are desired attributes of dried products. However, freeze-drying is a typical high-energy-consuming operation, due mainly to the necessity of freezing products, heating the frozen samples to induce sublimation and lowering the total pressure of the dehydration chamber. As a result, freeze-drying in the food industry is restricted only to be applied in high-value-added products. Therefore, many attempts have been made to modify and optimize the whole drying process in order to extend the application fields of freeze-drying. A variety of products has been investigated on freeze drying using various theoretical models. Currently, the specific freeze- drying process can be simulated in many different approaches. An appropriate drying model needs to define the coordinate system, space dimensions, sublimation interface type, meshing technique, parameters variations over time and of time discretization. As such, various process variables can be used to evaluate the efficiency of the freeze-drying process, in terms of productivity and product quality (obtaining the highest quality in the shortest cycle time), especially in large scale production. Additionally, it is also highly required that the optimization should be implemented in-line pilot scale. In this study, a pilot plant test was conducted to investigate the energy-saving preparation of mushroom instant soup with an online regulation integrated freeze-drying. The operation parameters were analyzed to obtain optimal operation conditions, including the freezing stage (freezing temperature, thickness of loaded soup), sublimation stage (drying chamber pressure, heating temperature), and desorption stage (moisture conversion point, heating process). Especially, step-by-step heating was proposed and the freeze-drying curve was fitted in the desorption stage. The results showed that an optimal combination of parameters was achieved, where the pre-freezing temperature was set at -35 &#8451;, the thickness of loaded soup was 15 mm, the drying chamber pressure was 25 Pa, and the water content of the soup was 83.1%; the temperature of the heating plate in the sublimation stage was -10 &#8451;, the starting point in the desorption stage was 1 148 min (at this time, the moisture content of mushroom instant soup was 9.2%), and the heating (-10 &#8451; &rarr; 2.5 &#8451; (70 min) &rarr; 15 &#8451; (70 min) &rarr; 27.5 &#8451; (70 min) &rarr; 40 &#8451; (144 min)) in the desorption stage. In this case, the the yield was 99.2%, overall score for sensory quality indicator was 8.37&plusmn;0.52, the energy consumption was 1.75 kW&bull;h/kg, and the water content of soup was 4.3%. Additionally, the fitting results of freeze drying curve during desorption stage showed that the Boltzmann model was well fit with the freeze-drying process in the desorption stage. The finding can provide a sound reference and technical support to the parameters optimization and energy consumption on the freeze-drying, particularly for the application of freeze-drying in the production of modern convenient food.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Low temperature drying
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Atmospheric structure - Atmospheric temperature - Curve fitting - Dehydration - Desorption - Developing countries - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Freezing  - Heating - Nutrition - Pilot plants - Quality control - Sublimation - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Energy consumption analysis - Freezing temperatures - Large scale productions - Optimal operation conditions - Organoleptic properties - Parameters optimization - Parameters variations - Subatmospheric pressures
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 461.7  Health Care - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Percentage 9.92e+01%, Pressure 2.50e+01Pa, Size 1.50e-02m, Time 4.20e+03s, Time 6.89e+04s, Time 8.64e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20213510848439
Title:Research on anti-shadow tree detection method based on generative adversarial network
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#29983;&#25104;&#23545;&#25239;&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#25239;&#38452;&#24433;&#26641;&#26408;&#26816;&#27979;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Ye, Yang (1); Shen, Bingyan (1); Shen, Yuqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">High-scoring remote sensing imaging has widely been applied in most management of agriculture and forestry, especially to monitor and evaluate crops and forest resources on a large scale. Nevertheless, there is a great challenge to the accuracy of single tree identification and detection during the image acquisition, due mainly to the fact that the shadow area is inevitably formed by the light. The shadow areas in the remote sensing images can be assumed as a kind of noise in the image sampling. As such, the degradation of high-resolution parameters can cause image distortion after post-processing. In this study, an anti-shadow tree detection method was proposed to detect the single tree with shadow interference using a generative adversarial network (GA-Faster RCNN). This framework consisted of a Faster RCNN network and a tree generator. The Faster RCNN network was mainly used for the tasks of feature extraction and detection. The tree generator was utilized to process the shadows in tree detection. The adversarial generation strategy was adopted by the tree generator to learn generating the minimum feature information characterizing trees. The generator was first trained separately and then put into the Faster RCNN network to finally lock its parameters. Two parts were then trained end-to-end to further improve the tree recognition ability of the network. The GA-Faster RCNN was also compared with 3 state-of-the-art methods, including region-growing, progressive cascaded convolutional neural network, and Faster RCNN on three test areas with shadows. Test area 1 presented a lot of shadows of trees, where the canopy density of trees was very high. Test area 2 showed fewer tree shadows and lower canopy closure, compared with test area 1. The shades of trees and the canopy density of trees in test area 3 were between those in test area 1 and 2. Results demonstrated that the GA-Faster RCNN achieved the highest harmonic average of precision and recall (F1) on the test area 1, 2, and 3, which were 78.4%, 91.6%, and 81.7%, respectively. The average F1 of three test areas was 84.7% for the GA-Faster RCNN, 6.2 percentage point higher than that of Faster RCNN. The user accuracy (UA) and producer accuracy (PA) of GA-Faster RCNN were also the highest among four methods, where UA was 79.8%, 95.0%, 85.3%, and PA was 77.0%, 88.5%, and 78.4% on test area 1, 2, 3, respectively. Moreover, a significance analysis, McNemar, was performed to eliminate the interference of experimental errors and other factors. It was found that there was a statistically significant difference between the three comparison methods and GA-Faster RCNN. The shadow misrecognition rate SR (proportion of the count of shadows misrecognized as trees to the count of total recognized trees) of GA-Faster RCNN was compared with that of Faster RCNN on test area 1, in order to clarify the effect of the mask on tree identification. Although the SR of GA-Faster RCNN was 13.8%, higher than that of Faster RCNN (8.6%), the UA and the number of missed tree identification were both better than those of Faster RCNN. Therefore, the GA-Faster RCNN behaved significant advantages over the other identification. In addition, the GA-Faster RCNN can still maintain the detection stability, when using different feature extraction networks, including ResNet101, ResNet50, and DenseNet. Consequently, the adversarial generative training strategy is highly suitable for learning the minimum feature information characterizing trees, while effectively reducing the interference of shadows, indicating the promising practical value for higher accuracy of tree detection.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Convolutional neural networks - Extraction - Feature extraction - Image processing - Image sampling - Remote sensing - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Adversarial networks - Precision and recall - Recognition abilities - Remote sensing images - Remote sensing imaging - Significance analysis - State-of-the-art methods - Statistically significant difference
Classification code:802.3  Chemical Operations - 922  Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 7.84e+01%, Percentage 7.98e+01%, Percentage 8.17e+01%, Percentage 8.47e+01%, Percentage 8.53e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+00%, Percentage 8.85e+01%, Percentage 9.16e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20213510848395
Title:Nitrogen transformation and loss during co-composting of kitchen and garden wastes
Title of translation:&#21416;&#20313;&#19982;&#22253;&#26519;&#24223;&#29289;&#20849;&#22534;&#32933;&#36807;&#31243;&#27694;&#32032;&#36716;&#21270;&#21450;&#25439;&#22833;
Authors:Xue, Jingjing (1); Li, Yanming (1); Chang, Ruixue (1); Wang, Jue (1); Peng, Lianghuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yanming(liym@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:192-197
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A large amount of kitchen and garden wastes is ever increasing, with the rapid development of urbanization in China. Kitchen waste is characterized by rich free fat content, high water and salt content. The inappropriate pore structure and organic composition can inhibit the organic degradation during aerobic composting, thereby leading to nitrogen loss in the form of ammonia volatilization. Garden waste is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and high-carbon substances, particularly hard to be degraded directly. Alternatively, a co-composting of kitchen and garden wastes can improve the physicochemical characters to make the mixed materials more suitable for composting. Therefore, the current work aims to investigate the co-composting feasibility of kitchen and garden wastes. The ratios of kitchen and garden wastes were set as 4:1 (N1), 3:1 (N2), and 2:1 (N3) (dry weight basis). A 28-day experiment was conducted in the self-developed closed system of aerobic composting. The total material weight, the moisture content, and the aeration rate of composting mixtures were 2.5kg, 75%, and 0.2L/(kg&bull;min), respectively. Some indexes were recorded during the process, including the fermentation temperature, pH, C/N, Germination Index (GI), NH<inf>3</inf> and cumulative emissions, total N, organic N, ammonium N, and nitrate nitrogen. The specific rule was revealed to the nitrogen transformation and ammonia volatilization loss. The results showed that the temperature increased faster than other treatments, when the ratio of kitchen and garden waste was 2:1 (N3), indicating the highest fermentation temperature (63.4&#8451;). Meanwhile, the GI in N3 treatment exceeded 80% on the 21^st day, meaning that the fermentation was significantly accelerated. The GI values of three treatments at the end of the process were 75.77%, 81.54%, and 84.50%, respectively. The products in the N2 and N3 treatment reached the standard of complete decomposing (&gt;80%), while, those in the N1 only met the standard of basic decomposing (&gt;60%). Therefore, a strong recommendation was given that the proportion of kitchen waste should not be higher than 80% of materials in the process of waste co-composting. The total nitrogen content decreased in the N1 and N2 treatment, whereas, it increased in the N3 fermentation. A high pH of products was obtained, due mainly to the fact that part of organic nitrogen was converted into ammonium nitrogen. The total nitrogen loss in N3 was the lowest at the end of composting, especially lower than that in the N1 and N2 by 30.30% and 12.96%, respectively. The nitrogen transformation demonstrated that the high fraction of garden waste reduced the NH<inf>3</inf> emission and the loss of ionic nitrogen, thereby promoting the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to organic nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, indicating a higher nitrogen content in compost products. An optimal ratio of kitchen waste to garden waste was 2:1, indicating the treatment is feasible. The co-fermentation of kitchen and garden wastes can greatly contribute to the reduction of nitrogen loss. The finding can provide potential theoretical support to the co-composting for kitchen and garden wastes.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Cellulose - Composting - Fermentation - Kitchens - Nitrates - Pore structure
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Ammonia volatilization - Cumulative emissions - Fermentation temperature - Nitrogen transformations - Organic compositions - Organic degradation - Total nitrogen content
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.67e-02yr, Mass 2.50e+00kg, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.58e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.45e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20213510848398
Title:Effects of self-sown grass on soil nitrogen and apple fruit quality in the Weibei dry platean
Title of translation:&#33258;&#28982;&#29983;&#33609;&#23545;&#28205;&#21271;&#26097;&#22636;&#33529;&#26524;&#22253;&#22303;&#22756;&#27694;&#21450;&#26524;&#23454;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Bai, Gangshuan (1, 2); Zhou, Nan (2); Shao, Faqi (3); Du, Jianhui (4); Guo, Jiangping (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Logistical System, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (5) Bureau of Forestry and Grassland of Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Bortala; 833400, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:100-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Weibei dry plateau of western China is an important production base of high-quality apples in the world. But a large amount of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer is normally applied to promote the growth of fruit trees and yield in orchards, due mainly to the low content of organic matter in soil in recent years. An accumulation layer of nitrate nitrogen in soil inevitably incurred to break the supply balance of soil nutrients, leading to the physiological diseases of fruit trees and soil environmental pollution. Alternatively, the self-sown grass can be widely expected to enhance the soil organic matter, nutrient, and moisture in the local ecological environment, suitable for a better-balanced supply of soil nutrients, fruit quality and yield. This study aims to systematically investigate the effects of self-sown grass on soil nitrogen and apple quality in the Weibei dry plateau. The self-sown grass (Stellaria media and Malachium aquaticum community) of 2, 4, 6, and 8 years was taken as the research object, with the clean tillage as control. Some parameters were continuously monitored, including the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available calcium content, as well as the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium in apple fruit, together with the fruit yields and quality. The results showed that the self-sown grass contributed to the increase of the organic matter, total nitrogen and available calcium content in the soil layer of 0-40 cm in the apple orchard. The soil available calcium content also slightly increased in the soil layer of 40-60 cm. There were much higher organic matter, total nitrogen and available calcium content in the soil, as the years of self-sown grass increased. But there was no effect on the organic matter and total nitrogen content in the soil layer below 40 cm and the available calcium in the soil layer below 60 cm. In addition, the ammonium nitrogen contents of self-sown grass of 2 and 4 years in the soil layer of 0-60 cm were slightly lower than that of clean tillage, while those of 6 and 8 years were slightly higher, but those of different years under 60 cm soil layer were basically the same as that of clean tillage. Compared with the clean tillage, the nitrate nitrogen contents of self-sown grass of 2, 4, 6 and 8 years decreased by 16.28%, 31.31%, 40.13% and 47.41% in the soil layer of 0-80cm, respectively, while those in the soil layer of 80-240 cm decreased by 4.38%, 12.41%, 16.90%, and 19.39%, respectively, but there was no significant effect on the nitrate nitrogen in the soil below 240 cm soil layer. There were all the same contents of total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and biomass of self-sown grass in different growth years. The calcium content increased significantly, while the contents of N/Ca, P/Ca and K/Ca decreased in apple fruits. It inferred that the self-sown grass contributed to reducing the incidence of calcium deficiency symptoms, while improving the coloring area, firmness, and soluble solid content in the fruit. Therefore, the self-sown grass can be expected to extensively promote the organic matter content, total nitrogen, and available calcium, while effectively reduce the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in an apple orchard for a high-quality apple fruit free of calcium deficiency in the Weibei dry plateau of China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Calcium - Fertilizers - Forestry - Fruits - Nitrates - Nutrients - Orchards - Organic compounds - Phosphorus  - Potassium - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulation layers - Ecological environments - Environmental pollutions - Nitrogenous chemicals - Organic matter content - Soil organic matters - Soluble solid content - Total nitrogen content
Classification code:481.2  Geochemistry - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 549.2  Alkaline Earth Metals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 4.00e+00yr, Age 6.00e+00yr, Age 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 3.13e+01%, Percentage 4.01e+01%, Percentage 4.38e+00%, Percentage 4.74e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m, Size 2.40e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m to 2.40e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20213510848296
Title:Design and test of a nanosilver flexible sensing chip for agro-enviroment temperature monitoring
Title of translation:&#32435;&#31859;&#38134;&#26580;&#24615;&#20892;&#29992;&#28201;&#24230;&#20256;&#24863;&#33455;&#29255;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Lu, Xiao (1); Li, Haozhen (1); Liu, Gang (1, 2); Zhang, Miao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory on Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Miao(zhangmiao@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:198-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Flexible sensing technology can greatly expand the physical energy conversion carrier morphology and application scenarios of "machine object" perception and information interaction in an ecological unmanned farm. In this study, a flexible temperature sensor chip was fabricated using 3D printing (additive manufacturing). A sandwich structure of sensor was adopted with four layers, including the substrate, temperature-sensitive layer with nanosilver ink, an electrode layer, and a PDMS protective layer. Among them, the temperature-sensitive layer was fabricated as a "turn-back track" shape to increase the temperature-sensitive area of nanosilver ink. A systematic analysis was made to explore the effects of the PDMS protective layer and chip structure parameters on the sensor performances, including the sensitivity, accuracy, and stability. The feasibility of the sensor for agricultural temperature measurement was verified using the dynamic thermo-monitoring on the bodies of agro-living objects, plant rhizosphere, soil, and agro-equipment. The results showed that the PDMS protective layer realized the waterproof protection in the nanosilver temperature-sensitive layer, thereby improving the environmental adaptability and service life of sensors. Optimal line width and spacing in 3D printing were achieved in the range of 450/300, 350/250, and 250/200 &mu;m, particularly for the temperature-sensitive layer of self-developed flexible sensor chips. The experimental results show that when "line width/line spacing" is 250/200 &mu;m, the sensitivity of the flexible temperature sensor chip can reach 0.317 &#8451;^-1, which is the highest sensitivity. In addition, the resistance change rate of temperature-sensitive wire per unit substrate area increased, with the decreasing of line width and spacing. An optimized fabrication structure was chosen as the line width of 250 &mu;m and the line space of 200 &mu;m. Correspondingly, the optimal performance was achieved, where the sensitivity of the temperature sensor was 0.330 &#8451;^-1, while the measurement error was less than 0.5 &#8451;, and the stability was 0.02 &#8451;/min. The sensor was bent along the rounded edge of circles with diameters of 4 and 6 cm, respectively. The resistance variation was measured at different temperatures. The data showed that the bending angle could not affect the performance of the temperature sensor. The flexible temperature sensor was pasted on the human forehead, arm, and armpit to measure the body temperature before and after exercise. The measurement demonstrated that the flexible temperature sensor accurately presented the changes in body temperature, where the maximum error was less than 0.5 &#8451;. A 7-day continuous temperature monitoring test was performed on the plant body and the nutrient solution in hydroponic lettuce cultivation. One flexible sensor was stuck onto the stem and leaf of lettuce. Another sensor was installed under the nutrient solution, close to the lettuce root. The temperature sensor accurately reflected the change of the daily average temperature of lettuce, where the maximum error was less than 0.6 &#8451;. The fluctuation trend of temperature in different parts of the plant was consistent with the room temperature during the testing duration. Additionally, the sensor tracked the process of soil frozen and water boiling, where the maximum error was less than 0.4 &#8451;. A self-made flexible temperature sensor chip was designed and subsequently tested in the typical agricultural temperature measurement. An excellent agreement was achieved in the flexible sensor with the high-precision platinum resistance sensor, where the measurement error was less than 0.6 &#8451;, indicating better performance than that of the non-contacted temperature measurements conducted by the infrared sensor. Flexible nanosilver temperature sensor chip can quickly and accurately capture the temperature change of measured target, indicating a promising agricultural application prospect.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Temperature sensors
Controlled terms:3D printers - Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Energy conversion - Infrared detectors - Measurement errors - Microchannels - Morphology - Nutrients - Physiology  - Soil mechanics - Soils - Temperature measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Application scenario - Continuous temperature - Environmental adaptability - Information interaction - Platinum resistance sensors - Resistance variations - Temperature monitoring - Temperature sensitive
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.5  Energy Conversion Issues - 745.1.1  Printing Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 944  Moisture, Pressure and Temperature, and Radiation Measuring Instruments - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Size 2.00e-04m, Size 2.50e-04m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20213510848451
Title:Response surface optimization design and electrochemical performance of sword shell-based carbon
Title of translation:&#35910;&#22771;&#22522;&#28845;&#26448;&#26009;&#30340;&#21709;&#24212;&#38754;&#20248;&#21270;&#35774;&#35745;&#21450;&#30005;&#21270;&#23398;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Luo, Lu (1); Deng, Jianping (1); Luo, Lingcong (1); Chen, Tingting (1); Fan, Mizi (1, 2); Zhao, Weigang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350018, China; (2) College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University, Uxbridge, London; UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
Corresponding author:Zhao, Weigang(weigang-zhao@fafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:277-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">With the attention to the world ecology and economy, people are observing the abundant, low-cost, and clean renewable energy from sun and wind. However, most of the renewable energy sources are intermittent and cannot meet the needs for applications, except for converting to electricity. In order to satisfy the demand of people for new energy storage equipment, supercapacitors using biomass-based carbon materials as electrode materials have attracted much attention, because the multi-level structure of the natural biomass material is conducive to ion transmission. The fine structure of natural biomass cannot be synthesized artificially. The preservation of natural multi-scale structure can provide better electrochemical performance of the biomass-based carbon material. The biomass waste of sword beans shell with the characteristics of fast growth, a large amount of sword bean shells can be continuously produced as raw materials every year, but are often discarded or burned, which contributes to the environmental pollution. It is a promising precursor for obtaining hierarchically porous carbon-based material used as active component of high-storage capacity supercapacitors. The activated carbon with high surface area derived from sword shell by using KOH activation method and used as supercapacitor electrode materials. Taking the specific capacitance value of electrode material as the response value, the activation temperature and the activation ratio as the experimental factors, the Central Composite Design (CCD) method was employed to carry out the response surface optimization study, and the electrochemical performance of the activated carbon prepared under the optimal process conditions was explored. The research results show that the activation temperature and activation ratio have significant effects on the specific capacitance of activate carbon material. The coefficient R² of the model is 97.54%, and the correction coefficient Adj R² is 95.78%, indicating that the model can better predict the specific capacitance value of sword shell-based activated carbon with high reliability. The specific capacitance can reach a peak value under the condition of activation temperature 700 &#8451; and the activation ratio 4:1. The optimized process parameters determined by center composite design approach were the activation temperature of 694 &#8451; and the activation ratio of 4.17:1. The verification experiment shows that the average specific capacitance of the sword shell activated carbon material is 254 F/g, which is basically consistent with the predicted value. Furthermore, the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) curves and Galvanostatic Charge-discharge (GCD) curves of different carbon materials were compared. A quasi-rectangular shape with wide hump peaks can be observed in CV curves, which can be attributed to the synergy between the Electric Double-layer Capacitance (EDLC) and the pseudocapacitance. The nitrogen fixation of legumes can provide carbon materials with nitrogen to produce redox reactions and provide pseudocapacitance. The GCD curves show nearly triangular shapes with a small deviation from linearity, which indicated excellent capacitive behavior of the electrode materials. The Nyquist plots from the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis reveal that sword shell-based activated carbon has good electronic conductivity. Additionally, the physical properties of activated carbon was characterized. The apparent morphology of activated carbon was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The nitrogen adsorption-desorption was conducted to investigate the pore structure of the carbon material. The results showed that: sword shell-based activated carbons possess a large number of nanopores, which distributed on the surface of the material, and the maximum specific surface area, total pore volume and micropore volume can up to 3 129 m²/g, 1.68 cm³/g and 0.96 cm³/g, which is conducive to electrolyte circulation and electrolyte ion adsorption.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Electrochemical electrodes
Controlled terms:Activated carbon - Biomass - Capacitance - Chemical activation - Cyclic voltammetry - Ecology - Electric discharges - Electric energy storage - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - Electrolytes  - Gas adsorption - Morphology - Nitrogen fixation - Pore structure - Potassium hydroxide - Redox reactions - Scanning electron microscopy - Shells (structures) - Structural design - Supercapacitor  - Surface properties - Transmission electron microscopy - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Central composite designs - Electric double layer capacitance - Electrochemical performance - Galvanostatic charge discharges - Hierarchically porous carbons - Nitrogen adsorption desorption - Response surface optimization - Supercapacitor electrodes
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801  Chemistry - 801.4.1  Electrochemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.58e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Specific_Surface_Area 3.13e+06m2/kg, Specific_Volume 1.68e-03m3/kg, Specific_Volume 9.60e-04m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20213510848379
Title:Effects of lactobacillus induced mitochondrial biogenesis on muscle fiber properties and meat quality of sheep
Title of translation:&#20083;&#37240;&#33740;&#35825;&#23548;&#32447;&#31890;&#20307;&#29983;&#29289;&#21457;&#29983;&#23545;&#32501;&#32650;&#32908;&#32420;&#32500;&#29305;&#24615;&#21644;&#32905;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Bai, Yanping (1); Hou, Yanru (1); Su, Lin (1); Sun, Bing (1); Dou, Lu (1); Zhao, Lihua (1); Liu, Ruijun (2); Aoteheng, Gerile (3); Jin, Ye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Fuchuan Feed Technology Co., Ltd., Banner; 015000, China; (3) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Science and Technology Bureau, Banner; 015000, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Ye(jinyeyc@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:269-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The present study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with lactobacillus on muscle fiber properties and meat quality in Sunit sheep. Totally 12 Sunit sheep aged 3 months with good body condition were selected, and then two groups were randomly divided. The control group was fed a basal diet (a typical corn-soybean diet) without any antibiotics, drugs, or growth promoters. Lactobacillus group was supplemented with lactobacillus plantarum at 3&times;10¹⁰ cfu/g based on the diet of the control group, where the feeding period lasted for 90 days. After slaughter, the longissimus dorsi muscle was taken for subsequent test. An ATPase histochemical staining and a real-time fluorescence quantitative technique were utilized to determine the muscle fiber properties, the mRNA expression of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) and genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the activity of metabolic enzymes, growth performance, and meat quality were measured to explore the relationship between muscle fiber properties and meat quality. The results showed that the dietary supplementation with lactobacillus significantly increased the value of pH<inf>24</inf> (P&lt;0.01), while reduced the value of b* (P&lt;0.05) and cooking loss (P&lt;0.01) of meat. There was no significant effect on the growth performance and other meat quality indicators (P&gt;0.05). The analysis of muscle fiber showed that the dietary supplementation with the lactobacillus increased the number ratio of type IIA muscle fibers (P&lt;0.01), but decreased the number ratio of type IIB muscle fibers (P&lt;0.01), where there was no significant effect on the diameter and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers. At the same time, MyHC&#8544; (P&lt;0.05), MyHC&#8545;a (P&lt;0.01), and MyHC&#8545;x (P&lt;0.01) mRNA expression were significantly higher than those of the control group. The enzyme activity of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH) in the lactobacillus group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P&lt;0.05), whereas, the enzyme activity of Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) became significantly lower (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the dietary supplementation with the lactobacillus increased the mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase &alpha;<inf>1</inf> (AMPK&alpha;1) (P&lt;0.01), Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) (P&lt;0.01), and Cytochrome c oxidase&#8547; (COX&#8547;) (P&lt;0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Sunit sheep. There was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in the mRNA expression levels of AMP-activated protein kinase &alpha;2 (AMPK&alpha;2), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1&alpha;), and Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the control group, particularly similar to that of lactobacillus group. Consequently, the lactobacillus increased the oxidative metabolism of muscle, thereby promoting the transformation of muscle fiber types to more oxidation type of longissimus dorsi muscle in Sunit sheep, indicating much better meat quality than before. In any way, the dietary supplementation with lactobacillus significantly promoted the generation of more oxidative muscle types, which can be associated with the AMPK&alpha;1- SIRT1- PGC-1&alpha; axis and mitochondrial biogenesis.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Muscle
Controlled terms:Biosynthesis - Controlled drug delivery - Cytology - Dietary supplements - Enzyme activity - Fibers - Meats - Metabolism - Mitochondria - Thermal processing (foods)  - Transcription
Uncontrolled terms:AMP-activated protein kinase - Dietary supplementation - Histochemical stainings - Lactobacillus plantarum - Mitochondrial biogenesis - Mitochondrial transcription factor - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor - Succinate dehydrogenase
Classification code:461  Bioengineering and Biology - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.47e-01yr, Age 2.50e-01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20213510848474
Title:Development of bivariate fertilizer control system via independent control of fertilizing unit
Title of translation:&#25490;&#32933;&#21333;&#20307;&#29420;&#31435;&#25511;&#21046;&#30340;&#21452;&#21464;&#37327;&#26045;&#32933;&#25511;&#21046;&#31995;&#32479;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Zhang, Jiqin (1, 2); Liu, Gang (1, 3); Hu, Hao (1, 3); Huang, Jiayun (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:38-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Current variable-rate fertilizer applicator generally drives all the fertilizer distributers through the same drive shaft at a fixed working width. Most fields are in an irregular shape during the operation of fertilization, particularly unsuitable for an integer multiple of working width. Severe overlap of working areas normally occurs at the edge of the field, resulting in a large amount of waste of fertilizer at the boundary. In addition, the cross-regional or cross-prescription raster operations are still lacking in the current fertilizer applicator. In this study, a bivariate fertilizer control system was designed to implement the independent control of fertilizer discharging unit in a modified applicator for corn fertilizing. The whole machine was composed mainly of a real-time kinematic (RTK) and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, a bivariate fertilization control system, and an executing device. Firstly, a calibration test was conducted at different active-feed roll lengths and rotational speeds of the drive shaft. A quadratic polynomial fitting was then used to obtain the bivariate control model for the distributing monomer of fertilizer. Specifically, the coefficient of determination reached 0.9992 in the fitting equation, indicating a high level of fitting. Secondly, an in-depth analysis was conducted for the positioning of each fertilization unit. Thirdly, the hardware and software of the control system were developed using the CAN bus communication to realize the collection, analysis and storage of GNSS information, the operation parameter setting, and the independent control of discharging unit. The hardware was composed of a GNSS navigation device, an industrial personal computer, a servo/stepping motor, a micro-controller, and an electronic ruler. The software was performed on a VS2012 platform with SQL2008 database using C# language. Three function modules were included: the communication, setting of working parameters, and working control in the manual and automatic mode. Finally, a systematic evaluation was completed on the comprehensive performance of the bivariate fertilizer control system, including the consistency of fertilizer discharge in each row, the accuracy of fertilization rate at different vehicle speeds, and independent control performance in each row. The results showed that the maximum coefficient of variation (CV) was 5.37% at the driving speed of 10 r/min within the range of 10-60 r/min of fertilizer shaft speed, as the speed of the driving shaft increased. The minimum CV of each row dropped to 2.99% at the driving speed of 55 r/min, indicating the average CV of consistency was 3.35%. At the target fertilizer rate of 350 kg/hm², the accuracies of fertilization control were 93.2%, 96.75%, and 97.60% under the working speed of 3, 5, and 7 km/h, respectively. The operating speed was generally around 4-12 km/h in the variable rate fertilizer applicator, meeting the national standard accuracy of fertilizer application. Three experiments were conducted on the road fertilization with irregular boundary shapes, such as the concave y, convex and S boundary. The lag distance change rate fertilization correlated to the working width was less than 15% on average, indicating no influence by the shape of fertilization boundary. More specifically, the variation ratios of lag distance were 10%, 14%, and 13% at the concave, convex and S boundary, respectively. This applicator can be expected to well simulate the fertilization boundary shape, due to its high stability of fertilization, and control accuracy. The bivariate fertilizer applicator with independent control of fertilization monomer can realize the independent control of each row, suitable for the shape of complex fertilization boundary, while reducing fertilizer wastes at the boundary of the furrow. The finding can provide a potential technical reference for the innovative development of variable-rate equipment for basal fertilizer in corn production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Applicators - Computer hardware - Control systems - Global positioning system - Monomers - Personal computers - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Can bus communications - Coefficient of determination - Coefficient of variation - Comprehensive performance - Fertilizer applications - Global Navigation Satellite Systems - Industrial personal computers - Variable rate fertilizer applicators
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 722.4  Digital Computers and Systems - 731.1  Control Systems - 804  Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.99e+00%, Percentage 3.35e+00%, Percentage 5.37e+00%, Percentage 9.32e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.76e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+01RPM, Velocity 1.94e+00m/s, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+01RPM to 6.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.50e+01RPM, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s to 3.33e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20213510848311
Title:Remediation potential of rice with high cadmium accumulation to cadmium contaminated farmland
Title of translation:&#39640;&#38217;&#32047;&#31215;&#27700;&#31291;&#23545;&#38217;&#27745;&#26579;&#20892;&#30000;&#30340;&#20462;&#22797;&#28508;&#21147;
Authors:Liu, Saihua (1); Chen, Haoyu (1); Ji, Xionghui (1); Liu, Zhaobing (1); Xie, Yunhe (1); Tian, Fangxiang (1); Pan, Shufang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Xionghui(1546861600@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:175-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Phytoremediation is a typical environmentally friendly and economical method to in situ natural remediation of soil pollution. Therefore, it can widely be expected to serve as a very feasible way to remediate the contaminated rice paddy fields with high cadmium accumulation, particularly without changing the property and structure of farmland. This study aims to explore the remediation potential of high Cadmium (Cd) accumulated rice varieties (Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang) in the contaminated farmland soil. A field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the accumulation regularity in rice, removal time and removal height of rice varieties with high cadmium accumulation. The content of Cd was also determined in 5 parts (root, stem 0-10 cm, stem 10-20 cm, stem above 20 cm and grain) of rice straw at 6 different growth stages (seedling, tillering, booting, full heading, ripening and full ripening). The results showed that the content of Cd in different parts of rice (Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang) increased with the prolongation of the growth stage ranging from the booting to the mature stage, where the maximum was observed. Besides, the Cd distribution in different parts of rice decreased with the plant height in the same period. At the mature stage, the Cd content in roots, 0-10 cm stem, 10-20 cm stem, above 20 cm stem, and grain of rice varieties Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang were 19.3, 11.8, 9.4, 8.1, and 3.9 mg/kg, and 19.5, 16.3, 14.3, 9.7 and 3.7 mg/kg, respectively. The Cd enrichment coefficients were also all greater than 1, indicating high Cd accumulation. The removal content of cumulative cadmium was ranked in order of the whole plant, the whole ground part, 10 cm above the ground, 20 cm above the ground, harvested rice stalk of Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang during the whole growth period. Specifically, the removal contents of cumulative cadmium in the rice stalk of Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang were up to 1 299.90 and 1 278.33 &micro;g/plant, respectively, when the whole shoot was removed at the full maturity stage. The removal contents of cumulative cadmium in the rice straw of Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang were up to 1 652.11 and 1 547.70 &micro;g/plant, respectively, when the whole plant was removed at the full maturity stage. The removal efficiency of soil Cd was 9.1% and 8.5%, respectively, when the rice varieties Yangdao 6 and Yuzhenxiang were planted once a year and the whole plant was removed. By contrast, the removal efficiency of soil Cd was 7.2% and 7.1%, respectively, when the whole shoot was removed. It infers that the Cd polluted rice roots were difficult to be removed. Therefore, it was strongly recommended to remove the rice stalk by harvesting the whole ground part after the rice was fully ripe, particularly considering the remediation and operability. As such, the remediation of Cd contaminated rice paddy fields can remain the soil structure and local planting pattern in a long term, compared with dryland phytoremediation of Cd polluted farmland. The finding can provide a new insightful idea for the phytoremediation in cadmium-contaminated paddy fields.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Bioremediation - Cadmium - Contamination - Efficiency - Farms - Grain (agricultural product) - Soil pollution control - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Cd accumulation - Different growth stages - Economical methods - Enrichment coefficients - Maturity stages - Phytoremediation - Removal efficiencies - Soil structure
Classification code:454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.3  Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.10e+00%, Percentage 7.20e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20213510848400
Title:Spatial heterogeneity evaluation and zoning of production-living-ecological space based on multi-source spatial data
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#22810;&#28304;&#31354;&#38388;&#25968;&#25454;&#30340;"&#19977;&#29983;"&#31354;&#38388;&#24322;&#36136;&#24615;&#35780;&#20215;&#19982;&#20998;&#21306;&#21010;&#23450;
Authors:Zhang, Yonglei (1); Luan, Qiaolin (1); Xiong, Changsheng (1); Liu, Xue (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (2) School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai; 220241, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, Changsheng(xiongcs@hainanu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:214-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Production-living-ecological space is a typical spatial carrier to coordinate economic, social, and ecological benefits. Its coordinated development has been greatly significant to promote the ecological civilization, even to optimize the spatial planning in land use. However, the spatial function differentiation is still lacking on the different plots in the same land type, particularly in the most current evaluation on the production-living-ecological space. The clustering or Coordination Degree (CD) is also less sufficient in production-living-ecological space. The purpose of this study is to improve the evaluation system of production-living-ecological space, further to partition its aggregation and coordination degree for the land-use spatial optimization. An integration of multi-source spatial data was implemented to evaluate the functions of production-living-ecological space in different plots with the same land from the grid scale, with emphasis on the perspective of spatial heterogeneity. A systematic analysis was then made on the spatial autocorrelation and trigonometric coordinates. As such, the clustering and coordination characteristics were revealed on the production-living-ecological space on the township scale. Zoning schemes were finally proposed for the optimization of land space. The results are as follows. 1) The high score areas of production space in Hainan Island were concentrated in the coastal cities and counties, indicating the distribution characteristics of "higher around and lower in the middle, higher in the north and lower in the south". There were also differences between the urban and rural production spaces. The high score areas of living space were mainly concentrated in the cities and counties, with the spatial pattern of "small part gathering and most scattered". The high score areas of ecological space were concentrated in the middle, with the distribution characteristics of "higher in the middle and lower around". 2) The Moran's I indexes for the production, life, and ecological space function were 0.569, 0.221 and 0.716, respectively, in Hainan Island obtained from the township scale. It inferred that there was the strongest spatial correlation between the spatial autocorrelation characteristics and ecological space. Therefore, a zoning scheme was proposed for the whole island using the characteristics of spatial clustering. 3) There were great differences in the coordination degree of production-living-ecological space in different towns of Hainan Island. The high value areas were dominated by ecological space and coordinated type, accounting for 51.72% and 43.97% of the total number of towns, respectively. The low value area was dominated by ecology space, accounting for 72.41% of the total number of towns, where no living dominant town was observed. In the case of spatial features, a zoning scheme was proposed for the whole island using the characteristics of spatial coordination. The heterogeneity of spatial functions was effectively identified in the production-living-ecological space for the different plots with the same land type. A specific scheme of production-living-ecological spatial zoning was also proposed from two new perspectives of spatial clustering and coordination degree, suitable for the current practice of land space optimization. An optimization path of production-living-ecological spatial evaluation can provide the zoning schemes, according to the spatial characteristics. The finding can offer a potential decision making for the land space optimization, as well as the construction of free trade port and ecological civilization in Hainan Island of southern China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Decision making - Function evaluation - International trade - Land use - Landforms - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - Multi-source spatial data - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial characteristics - Spatial coordination - Spatial correlations - Spatial heterogeneity - Spatial optimization
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.40e+01%, Percentage 5.17e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20213510848309
Title:Evaluating Suaeda salsa restoration after micro-topography reconstruction in the coastal beach of the Yellow River Delta, China
Title of translation:&#40644;&#27827;&#19977;&#35282;&#27954;&#28392;&#28023;&#28393;&#28034;&#19981;&#21516;&#24494;&#22320;&#24418;&#25913;&#36896;&#30340;&#30416;&#22320;&#30897;&#34028;&#24674;&#22797;&#25928;&#24212;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Su, Li (1, 2); Ge, Lei (3); Xia, Jiangbao (1); Sun, Jia (1, 2); Zhao, Ximei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Binzhou University, Binzhou; 256603, China; (2) College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University/Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station/Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Center of Forest Tree Germplasm Resources, Ji'nan; 250102, China
Corresponding author:Xia, Jiangbao(xiajb@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:82-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Coastal beaches are mostly distributed in the silt-type muddy coastal zone, particularly in the Yellow River Delta of China. The typical ecologically fragile areas have suffered from severe soil degradation, where the ground vegetation is scarce. Furthermore, the tides and evaporation have also posed great damage to forming bare beaches with dry surface and flat terrain. In this study, four types of micro-topography transformation modes were established in the flat terrain of the Yellow River Delta beach, in order to explore suitable vegetation restoration. Specifically, S-, strip-, pin-, and crescent-shaped topographies were selected in the bare land of the light beach. The specific parameters were then measured to analyze the engineering quantity in the four micro-terrain reconstructions, including the surface roughness, vegetation growth, and soil improvement. A principal component and fuzzy mathematics membership functions were used to comprehensively evaluate the vegetation restoration and soil improvement in the four micro-terrain reconstructions. The results showed that the surface roughness increased, but the wind speed reduced under the various micro-topography of bare land in the light beach. The probability of seed retention increased in this case, where a warm zone formed at the bottom of the pit, thereby to promoting seed germination and growth. It was found that the micro-topography significantly enhanced the physical and chemical properties of soil for the growth of vegetation (P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, the micro-topography significantly reduced the soil bulk density, salinity, and pH value, whereas, it increased soil nutrients, porosity, and water-holding capacity, compared with the bare land of the light beach. The indicators were systematically evaluated in the four micro-terrain reconstructions. The Crescent-shaped mode significantly reduced the soil salinity by 44.19% (P&lt;0.05), indicating a much more excellent performance to promote the vegetation restoration, compared with the bare land in the four micro-terrain reconstructions. The content of soil organic matter in the striped transformation mode was 2.87 times of that in bare land (P&lt;0.05), indicating a significant effect on the soil improvement, compared with the bare land of the bare beach. The pattern of the pin-shaped mode greatly increased the soil porosity, while reduced the soil bulk density by 15.24% (P&lt;0.05), indicating a better improvement in the physical properties of soil. Nevertheless, the S-shaped pattern performed a relatively weak correlation on vegetation restoration and soil improvement. Therefore, four micro-topography modification modes were ranked in a descending order: crescent-shaped, strip-shaped, pin-shaped, S-shaped, and bare land, after the comprehensive evaluation on the plant growth and soil improvement. A strong recommendation was that the crescent-shaped should be considered firstly, when carrying out the micro-topography transformation on the beaches of the Yellow River Delta, followed by the stripe-shaped and pin-shaped ones, where the S-shaped one cannot be adopted. There were still some limitations here, where the moist area at the bottom of the pit was first used to promote the growth of Suaeda salsa. It is also expected to measure the environmental changes at the bottom of pits in a long term, due mainly to the short testing period here. The finding can provide insightful technical support to the vegetation restoration for the coastal beaches of the Yellow River Delta in China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Topography
Controlled terms:Beaches - Membership functions - Nutrients - Porosity - Restoration - Rivers - Seed - Soils - Surface roughness - Vegetation  - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Environmental change - Modification modes - Physical and chemical properties - Principal Components - Soil organic matters - Vegetation restoration - Water holding capacity
Classification code:407.3  Coastal Engineering - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20213510848324
Title:Waste to energy closed-loop supply chain: Recycling energy supply, collaborative operation and sustainability
Title of translation:&#24223;&#24323;&#29289;&#21040;&#33021;&#28304;&#30340;&#38381;&#29615;&#20379;&#24212;&#38142;:&#24490;&#29615;&#20379;&#33021;, &#21327;&#21516;&#36816;&#20316;&#19982;&#21487;&#25345;&#32493;&#24615;
Authors:Liu, Chengyu (1); Yang, Hongming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha; 410114, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Hongming(yhm5218@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:182-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A representative sustainable collaborative economy refers to the innovative and rational use of natural resources. Nowadays, tons of wastes are generally dumping in modern agriculture and economic lifestyles every year. More than 6 million tons of wastes can be generated every day until 2025. However, waste management is still lacking in most developing countries, together with low energy efficiency, resource wasting, and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to seek a scientific way for waste recovery, treatment and utilization, thereby replacing fossil fuels, while protecting the ecological environment for the sustainable energy development of human society, especially in rural areas. Lately, the initiated waste-to-energy supply chain was widely expected as an efficient way to reduce carbon footprint for high efficiency of resource management. An integrated closed-loop supply chain was thus formed to couple the independent operation links, including the collection, processing, transportation, biomass power generation, heating and biomass fuel, as well as multi-energy complementary. Therefore, the resource assessment is primarily critical to realize the recycling, stable sustainability, and utilization of waste resources in the development of waste to energy. This study focused on the coordinated operation between the recycling energy supply and sustainable development using the whole chain of waste recycling, resource treatment, and multi-energy complementary supply. A systematic analysis was made to integrate energy supply and environmental synergies for the development of renewable energy in the management of waste to energy. Furthermore, the coupling connection and closed-loop interaction were also utilized to realize the collaborative operation of resource circulation, multi-energy complementary, and networks. More importantly, modern biomass energy was playing a positive role in achieving sustainable economy. The closed-loop supply chain from waste to energy cycle was also directly related to multiple sustainable development goals. The cross-compatibility indicators were integrated to guide the major demand for the coordinated development of global energy, economy, environment, and society under the framework of sustainable development goals of the United Nations. A sustainability evaluation index system was established to identify unsustainable risks, ranging from endogenous and exogenous risks in multiple dimensions. A social environment dimension was defined as the public part of the environment and social attributes, while an environmental economy dimension was defined as the public part of the environment and economic attributes, and a social economy dimension was the public part of social and economic attributes. Among them, the endogenous risk mainly occurred in the raw material collection, intermediate product transportation, energy production, and consumption, whereas, the external risk involved the political, legal, economic, social, and natural environment in the closed-loop supply chain. Additionally, the collection of biomass raw materials and single-resource processing were abundant in the research reports in recent years. Nevertheless, the uncertain risk assessment on sustainability is still lacking. Consequently, a promising direction can be drawn to form the decision-making paradigm of collaborative management from waste to energy recycling, thereby avoiding the unsustainable risks from the closed-loop supply chain in the future. The finding can offer strong support to waste management, comprehensive energy supply, and environmental governance in the sustainable collaborative economy.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:72
Main heading:Sustainable development
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biomass - Carbon footprint - Decision making - Developing countries - Energy efficiency - Environmental impact - Environmental management - Fossil fuels - International trade  - Materials handling - Planning - Recycling - Risk assessment - Supply chain management - Supply chains - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass power generations - Closed-loop supply chain - Collaborative management - Collaborative operations - Compatibility indicators - Environmental governances - Sustainability evaluations - Sustainable energy development
Classification code:452.3  Industrial Wastes - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454  Environmental Engineering - 454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 912  Industrial Engineering and Management - 912.2  Management - 913  Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20213510848429
Title:Effects of gully head height and soil texture on headward erosion characteristics and topography evolution
Title of translation:&#27807;&#22836;&#39640;&#24230;&#21644;&#22303;&#22756;&#36136;&#22320;&#23545;&#32454;&#27807;&#28335;&#28304;&#20405;&#34432;&#29305;&#24449;&#21644;&#24418;&#24577;&#21457;&#32946;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wang, Rui (1, 2); Li, Peng (1, 2); Han, Jianchun (1, 2); Zhu, Yubin (1, 2); Su, Yuanyi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Li, Peng(lipeng74@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:91-99
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Gully head erosion has become one of the most serious types of land degradation in the Loess Plateau region of China. Soil erosion from head-cutting has posed severe damage to the natural environment, while soil degradation is ever deteriorating in recent years. This study aims to investigate the effects of gully head height and soil texture on the erosion process and the microgeomorphology during spatial evolution of channel morphology. A three-dimensional laser scanning was used to capture high-precision micro-geomorphology, thereby representing the morphological changes and development process of erosion gullies. A response relationship was established between the sand yield and topographic factors under the headward erosion of the gully head. An indoor test was carried out to explore the effects of different gully head heights (5, 10, and 15 cm) on the erosion sand yield, gully retreat distance, and gully morphological development under silty loam and loamy sand textures using three flow rates (2, 4, and 6 L/min) for water release scour. The results showed that: 1) There was more fluctuation of soil loss in the study areas, while less resistance to the erosion, as the head height increased. The erosion rate of loamy sand was higher than that of silty loam in the various soil textures. Furthermore, the loamy sand loss fluctuated more than the silty loam, while the erosion rate of loamy sand was also significantly larger than that of silty loam. When the height of gully head is 15 cm and the flow rate is 6 L/min, the headward erosion rate of loamy sand is the highest, which is 19.45 cm / min. 2) There was a sharp increase in the rate of gully head headward erosion, where the scouring water accelerated the denudation of surface erosion, particularly when the gully retreat distance reached the location where the surface erosion occurred on the upstream slope of the gully head. 3) The width-to-depth ratio of the channel increased gradually in the cross section under the same gully height, with the increase of water flow. The depth of headcut erosion was great at the head of the gully under silty loam. The maximum width-to-depth ratio of the cross-sectional channel in the loamy sand was more than three times that of silty loam. It indicated that the silty loam was more prone to undercutting erosion, whereas, the loamy sand was more prone to lateral erosion. Meanwhile, the width-to-depth ratio of the cross-sectional channel was the smallest, when the gully retreat distance of the gully head was 75 cm. 4) In addition, there was also a better linear correlation of four microtopographic or topographic factors with the sediment yield, including the fluctuation, roughness, cutting depth, and slope. Consequently, the microtopography under the gully erosion can be expected to represent the size of sand production, further to estimate the quantity of sand yield. The finding can provide a potential promising reference for the soil and water conservation under the erosive action of flushes and gullies on the Loess Plateau of China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Erosion - Flow of water - Sand - Scour - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Textures - Topography - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Erosion characteristics - Loess plateau of chinas - Micro geomorphologies - Morphological changes - Morphological development - Natural environments - Soil and water conservation - Three-dimensional laser scanning
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.50e-01m, Size 7.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20213510848297
Title:Recognition of grape leaf diseases and mobile application based on transfer learning
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36801;&#31227;&#23398;&#20064;&#30340;&#33889;&#33796;&#21494;&#29255;&#30149;&#23475;&#35782;&#21035;&#21450;&#31227;&#21160;&#31471;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Su, Shifang (1); Qiao, Yan (1); Rao, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information & Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Rao, Yuan(raoyuan@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Pests and diseases have posed a severe threat to the production of grapes, causing irreversible damage on the growth cycle of grapes. The treatments vary significantly in the types of grape diseases. Therefore, it is highly demanding to detect the diseases of grapes timely, while accurately identify the types of diseases to avoid the spread of diseases. In the early days, the diseases of grapes were mainly identified by experienced grape and pest experts recognizing the grape leaves manually, which is time-consuming and laborious. It is necessary to develop a grape disease recognition using computer science technology. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been used to automatically recognize agricultural pests in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in recent years. However, the general CNN cannot be well trained to achieve high accuracy, due mainly to few large datasets of diseased grape leaves. In this study, a new recognition network of grape leaf disease was proposed using CNN. Transfer learning and data enhancement were also applied for the new network to enlarge the small dataset of grape leaves. The new network was named Grape-VGG-16 (GV for short) using VGG-16 network (one of the most classical CNN). GV generally contained 5 convolutions, 2 full connection 1 flatten, 1 dropout, and 1 SoftMax layer. The knowledge was first learned from the ImageNet image dataset using transfer learning, and then be transferred to the GV in the disease recognition of grape leaf. The output number was modified to 4 for the last fully connected layer using fine tuning, representing the 4 types of grapes leaves (healthy, brown spot, wheel spot, and black rot). A TensorFlow framework was selected to verify the network in the experiments using Python programming language. 300 images were collected for each leaf category (the total number of images was 1200), 250 of which were randomly selected as the training set, and 50 of which as the testing set. Then the dataset of images was augmented under the operations, such as random rotation, random horizontal and vertical translation, as well as horizontal flipping on the image. Finally, the augmented dataset was used to train the GV network, which was uniformly scaled to 224&times;224 pixels. 18 groups of experiments were performed on a computing server with Nvidia GPU using a combination of three learning (new learning, transfer learning with training the full connection layer, as well as transfer learning with training both the last convolution and full connection layer), two dataset with/without augmentation, and three learning rates (0.01, 0.001, and 0.000 1). The experimental results demonstrated that: 1) Transfer learning improved the model accuracy, while shortened the convergence time of the model; 2) Data augmentation greatly increased the diversity of data, while effectively alleviated the over-fitting. Consequently, the GV network achieved an overall recognition accuracy of 96.48% under both transfer learning and data augmentation. The recognizing accuracies of healthy leaves, brown spot, wheel spot and black rot were 98.04%, 98.04%, 95.83%, and 94.00%, respectively. The GV network was also embedded in the mobile application, and then deployed on the mobile terminal, for the detection and recognition of grape leaf diseases in the field. The finding can offer a potential promising reference for the intelligent diagnosis of grape leaf diseases in fruit production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Transfer learning
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Data communication systems - Diagnosis - Horizontal wells - Large dataset - Mobile computing - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pests - Intelligent diagnosis - Irreversible damage - Mobile applications - Python programming language - Recognition accuracy - Science technologies - Spread of disease
Classification code:461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 512.1.1  Oil Fields - 601.2  Machine Components - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20213510848408
Title:Optimization processes and functionality of citric acid esterified glutinous rice starch synthesized via infrared radiation
Title of translation:&#32418;&#22806;&#36752;&#23556;&#21046;&#22791;&#26592;&#27308;&#37240;&#31983;&#31859;&#28096;&#31881;&#37231;&#24037;&#33402;&#20248;&#21270;&#21450;&#21151;&#33021;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Zhao, Siqi (1, 2); Zhang, Huajuan (1); Luo, Yao (1); Liu, Qiang (1, 2); Hu, Qiuhui (1, 2); Ding, Chao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Chao(cding@nufe.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:261-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Glutinous (waxy) rice is one of the most popular varieties for food production in East and Southeast Asia. Currently, citric acid treatment is widely used to synthesize the glutinous esterified rice starch. Native starch can normally be modified to enhance the physicochemical and mechanical properties for better industrial applications. Esterification of starch is then one of the most important chemical modifications to incorporate ester functional groups. Taking glutinous rice starch as the research object, this study aims to optimize the preparation process under Infrared Radiation (IR) for a high production efficiency of citrate starch using single factor test and Response Surface Method (RSM). Citric acid was set as the esterification agent. A degree of substitution was also selected as the indicator. The physicochemical properties and structure of starch were determined before and after modification to reveal the IR effectiveness in starch esterification. In specific steps, 50.0 g product was first uniformly distributed in a stainless-steel sample holder, and then irradiated using a piece of ceramic infrared equipment. The distance between the infrared lamp system and the sample holder was set to 25 cm. The process parameters were adjusted separately, including the intensity of infrared radiation, time, pH, and mass ratio. The dried citrate starch was washed with the distilled water three times, and then cleaned with absolute ethanol once to remove the unreacted citric acid, subsequently dried at 50 &deg;C to a moisture level of 8 % in an oven, finally ground and passed through a 200-mesh sieve. The results showed that the optimum processing conditions were achieved as follows: 2 474 W/m² of infrared radiation intensity, 2.96 of pH value, and 0.50 of mass ratio. There was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) in the dry starch using the Infrared Radiation Method (IRM, 0.156) and Dry Heating Method (DHM, 0.158). The data demonstrated that a seven-minute Infrared radiation/citric acid Method (ICM) could obtain dry starch properties in a five-hour Dry Citric acid Method (DCM) treatment. Since IR high penetration and energy transfer efficiently supplied sufficient energy for the reaction system, more molecules were energized to accelerate the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of citric acid that formed covalent ester bonds with hydroxyl groups in starch. Correspondingly, the energy field at high temperature was an inevitable condition for the esterification reaction. No significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties and structure of citrate starch, compared with the conventional process (P &gt; 0.05), both indicating better thermal stability, shear, and digestion resistance than those of Native Starch (NS). The content of Resistant Starch (RS) in ICM- and DCM-treated starch increased by 50.15% and 50.35%, respectively, compared with NS. The reason was probably that the derivative groups and cross-linking structure formed the high steric hindrance that resisted enzyme attack. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) pattern presented a new peak at 1 749 cm^-1, indicating that the esterification occurred between the citric acid and starch with the difference of 0.05. It inferred that the IRM and DHM treatments achieved basically equivalent degree of substitution. No alterations were detected in the X-ray pattern of citrate starch, compared with the native glutinous rice starch, indicating that the modification could not alter the crystal type of starch. IRM- and DHM-treated starch exhibited the reduced peak and relative crystallinity in a more diffuse diffraction curve, indicating that the cross-linking of citric acid destroyed the crystalline structure to generate the crystalline defects under limited molecular mobility. Consequently, the IR technology can be expected to serve as a potential starch modification for the highly efficient preparation in the citrate starch with better performance in modern food production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Starch
Controlled terms:Chemical modification - Citric acid - Crystallinity - Energy transfer - Esterification - Esters - Infrared lamps - Infrared radiation - Physicochemical properties - Radiation  - Structural properties
Uncontrolled terms:Cross-linking structures - Esterification reactions - Fourier transform infrared - Infrared radiation methods - Optimum processing conditions - Physico-chemical and mechanical properties - Relative crystallinity - Response surface method
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 707.2  Electric Lamps - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e-02kg, Percentage 5.01e+01%, Percentage 5.04e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Size 2.50e-01m, Surface_Power_Density 2.47e+03W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20213510848414
Title:Design and evaluation of combined ventilation system with air supply and exhaust ducts for a nursery heating piggery in winter
Title of translation:&#20908;&#23395;&#37319;&#26262;&#20445;&#32946;&#29482;&#33293;&#36865;&#25490;&#39118;&#31649;&#36947;&#32452;&#21512;&#25442;&#27668;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Wu, Zhidong (1, 2, 3); Fang, Junlong (1); Ba, Wenge (1); Wu, Shuang (1); Li, Haitao (4); Cai, Youjie (2); Cheng, Qulin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar; 161006, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment Industrialization of Heilongjiang Province, Qiqihar; 161006, China; (4) Qiqihar Agricultural Mechanization Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Qiqihar; 161006, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Junlong(jlfang@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:152-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Current ventilation mode needs to be updated in a nursery piggery, due mainly to the uneven distribution of airflow derived from the great contradiction between ventilation and heat preservation under the relatively low temperature of the cold region in winter. The previous investigation on data collection found that the relative humidity and the concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> generally exceeded the standard value in a nursery piggery. Therefore, the main challenge was how to efficiently supply fresh air. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the airflow field in the nursery piggery under the combined ventilation system of air supply and exhaust ducts. The diameter of the duct was 0.3 m. The wind speeds of air supply and exhaust were set at 0.5 m/s and 1 m/s, respectively. The results revealed that the circulation ventilation was formed between the air supply inlet and exhaust outlet. The wind speed was maintained between 0.1 m/s and 0.2 m/s in the cement floor area where the piglets live. An even distribution of air flow was achieved to shorten the ventilation path for the diffusion of dirty gas, while improving the ventilation efficiency. A facile control system was specifically designed to consist of each control node in a modular approach. LoRa wireless communication was used to transmit data between control nodes. At the same time, fuzzy control was applied in the control system. Relative humidity and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration were used as input variables, whereas, the speed control mode of main fans was used as an output variable. The quantization factors of input variables K<inf>h</inf> and K<inf>c</inf> were both 0.5, while, the quantization factor of output was 1. A general platform of MATLAB Simulink was selected to establish the model of the fuzzy control system. The simulation results showed that the proposed system responded quickly, while switched step by step in the four types of ventilation modes, including downtime, low, medium and high speed. A fence was applied as the ventilation unit to transform the fresh air, considering the air flow field after simulation. A field experiment was also carried out in a large-scale pig farm in Jianhua District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province of China in December 2019. It was found that the uneven coefficient of airflow was below 0.1 in the cement floor area of piglets, indicating a better uniformity of ventilation in the nursery piggery under the combined ventilation system of air supply and exhaust ducts. An infrared thermal imager and a gas detector were used to detect the environmental data of each area in the piggery. The measuring data showed that the temperature was kept between 21 &#8451; and 25 &#8451;, the relative humidity was less than 70%, the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf> was less than 5 mg/m³, the concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> was less than 1 200 mg/m³, indicating the overall environment without other gases was suitable for the living of piglets. The combined ventilation system of air supply and exhaust ducts can be expected to realize the on-demand ventilation. Furthermore, the power consumption of the system was relatively low, ranging from 270 to 1 550 W. Consequently, the developed ventilation system can accurately control the piggery environment and efficiently alleviate the various changes between ventilation and heat preservation in winter.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Ventilation exhausts
Controlled terms:Air - Ammonia - Carbon dioxide - Cements - Computational fluid dynamics - Control systems - Floors - Fuzzy control - Humidity control - Mammals  - MATLAB - Temperature - Temperature control - Ventilation - Ventilation ducts - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Design and evaluations - Environmental data - Infrared thermal imager - Quantization factor - Speed control mode - Ventilation efficiency - Ventilation systems - Wireless communications
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 412.1  Cement - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.5  Ventilation - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.20e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-06kg/m3, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Power 2.70e+02W to 1.55e+03W, Size 3.00e-01m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s to 2.00e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20213510848301
Title:Effects of methanol substitution rate on the performance of DMDF engine at different altitudes
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#28023;&#25300;&#19979;&#30002;&#37255;&#26367;&#20195;&#29575;&#23545;DMDF&#21457;&#21160;&#26426;&#24615;&#33021;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wang, Jian (1); Wang, Bin (1); Yin, Bifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:54-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A high-altitude environment has posed a great challenge to the performance of conventional diesel engines. The reduction of intake thin air can lead to the deterioration of the combustion process, when the diesel engine is operating at a high altitude. Particularly, the power performance and thermal efficiency can be reduced significantly during this time, together with the much larger emissions of the diesel engine. Meanwhile, more stringent requirements have been released for the emission of diesel engines at a high altitude under the control conditions in China's Stage 6 Emission Standard of light-duty vehicles. Therefore, much more attention has been paid to methanol fuel, in order to improve the performance of diesel engines at a high altitude, particularly considering the most promising low-carbon clean fuel. This study aims to investigate the influence of methanol substitution percentage (MSP) on combustion characteristics in a diesel/methanol dual fuel (DMDF) engine at a high altitude. A systematic experiment was also performed with a high-pressure common rail diesel engine. Methanol was injected into the intake manifold through a methanol nozzle mounted on the intake manifold in the diesel engine. Three working conditions of A, B, and C were selected, where the working condition A: the speed of 1 200 r/min, 50% load; the working condition B: the speed of 1 800 r/min, 50% load; the working condition C: the speed of 2 200 r/min, 50% load. A high-altitude atmosphere testing system was designed for the experimental environment of three altitudes, including 10, 700, and 2 400 m. The in-cylinder pressure, fuel consumption, and emissions were also measured during the process. Some key combustion parameters were calculated according to the data of in-cylinder pressure, such as the heat release rate, pressure rise rate, and combustion duration. Correspondingly, the maximum MSP was obtained under the three working conditions at the three altitudes in the calibration test. The results showed that the maximum in-cylinder pressure increased 5.74%-26.14%, compared with diesel (D100), when the MSP of three working conditions reached the maximum at the three altitudes. The first peak value of heat release rate increased 116.98%-234.83% at various altitudes with the increment of MSP, where the crank angle was postponed by 1.5-5.0 &deg;CA. At the same time, the premixed combustion proportion expanded significantly. Furthermore, the variation in the pressure rise rate was similar to that in the heat release rate. The maximum pressure rise rate increased by 49.99%-211.97%, while the curve of pressure rise rate gradually changed from double peak to single peak. The maximum in-cylinder temperature increased 3.99%-8.53% at the three altitudes, compared with D100, when the MSP reached the maximum. It infers that the increase of in-cylinder temperature was greater, as the altitude increased. A combination of parameters was achieved under the maximum MSP of three working conditions, where the ignition delay period was extended by 1.00-2.50 &deg;CA, while the combustion duration was shortened by 9.80-15.30 &deg;CA, and the combustion center was advanced by 2.10-7.90 &deg;CA, indicating the rise of altitude further aggravated this tendency. In addition, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased by 0.64%~1.82%. The coefficient of variation (CV) of peak in-cylinder pressure (COV<inf>PP</inf>), and indicated mean effective pressure (COV<inf>IMEP</inf>) also increased with the increment of MSP at different altitudes and working conditions. There was a downward trend of COV<inf>IMEP</inf> at the same MSP, with the increment of altitude at a high speed and high MSP (&gt;30%). Both COV<inf>PP</inf> and COV<inf>IMEP</inf> could also be controlled between 0.6% and 3.5% during the process. The soot decreased by 26.94%-74.05%, while the NO<inf>X</inf> emission decreased by 4.23%-37.97% at different altitudes, compared with D100, when the MSP reached the maximum. An optimal MSP was achieved for the in-cylinder combustion of the DMDF engine, thereby improving the thermal efficiency and greatly decreasing the soot and NO<inf>X</inf> emission simultaneously at high altitudes. The DMDF engine can be expected to apply for a large methanol substitution percentage (&le;50%), to improve the combustion process in the cylinder at different altitudes. The finding can contribute to the power performance in the high efficiency, further to clean the combustion of engines at high altitudes.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Altitude control
Controlled terms:Air intakes - Automobile engine manifolds - Deterioration - Diesel engines - Dual fuel engines - Efficiency - Engine cylinders - Ignition - Light weight vehicles - Methanol  - Methanol fuels - Soot
Uncontrolled terms:Brake thermal efficiency - Coefficient of variation - Combustion characteristics - Experimental environment - Heat Release Rate (HRR) - High pressure common rail diesel engine - Indicated mean effective pressure - Peak in-cylinder pressures
Classification code:521.1  Fuel Combustion - 523  Liquid Fuels - 612  Engines - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 661.2  Automotive Engine Components - 731.3  Specific Variables Control - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 913.1  Production Engineering - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17e+02% to 2.35e+02%, Percentage 2.69e+01% to 7.40e+01%, Percentage 3.99e+00% to 8.53e+00%, Percentage 4.23e+00% to 3.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 2.12e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.74e+00% to 2.61e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-01% to 3.50e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.80e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.20e+03RPM, Size 2.40e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20213510848403
Title:Discussion on the connotation of agricultural engineering discipline in the eco-civilization era
Title of translation:&#29983;&#24577;&#25991;&#26126;&#26102;&#20195;&#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#31185;&#20869;&#28085;&#25506;&#35752;
Authors:Zhang, Quanguo (1, 2); Yang, Xuemei (2); Wang, Yingkuan (3); Li, Wenzhe (2, 4); Xia, Chenxi (2); Xu, Guangyin (1); Ru, Guangming (2); Sun, Yong (4); Wang, Yanjin (2); Wang, Zhenfeng (1); Li, Zhe (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Huanghe S & T University, Zhengzhou; 450006, China; (3) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (4) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:293-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Various production and living activities have posed a great impact on the natural environment in the era of ecological civilization. It is necessary to consider how to implement nature restoration and protect while taking from it. Most studies and state-of-art technologies have been developed for resourceful recycling of agricultural wastes, with emphasis on the modern biotechnology and engineering to enhance microbial reduction. This recycling allows for the timely replenishment of nutrients that consumed by the plant production, while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuels. We need to bring ecological balance back. This change of concept fully reflects the evolution of human civilization, where the construction of ecological civilization is highly demanding. Correspondingly, the agricultural engineering discipline is directly related to agricultural ecology and environment, thereby also needs to raise the height of understanding in theory. The scientific ethical concept of harmonious coexistence can be emphasized between human and water, soil, green and resources utilization. A discipline standard can also be recognized as the protection of natural environment and the maintenance of ecological balance. Therefore, the main purpose of agricultural engineering discipline has been changed to promote the harmonious coexistence between human and nature. Chinese cultural factors are also precisely integrating to one of the most important part of agricultural engineering. Consequently, the discipline of agricultural engineering should develop the agricultural production and economy under the premise of respecting and maintaining the natural environment. At the same time, the agricultural development needs to focus on some factors between human and nature, such as agroecology and agricultural culture. The research focus of agricultural development can be extended from a single element of survival to three elements of production, life and ecology. As such, the agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization is facing new opportunities and challenges. In this study, a new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline was proposed according to the new ideas and requirements of ecological civilization, including the research objects, theoretical systems, and research of agricultural engineering disciplines. Specifically, the object of study in the discipline of agricultural engineering can be taken the ecosystem, consisting of human and agricultural resources, production and consumption in the era of ecological civilization. It has expanded from agricultural biological systems to agricultural ecosystems. The theoretical system has incorporated the concepts of ecological civilization and agricultural culture. The scientific research has been supplemented to strengthen the cutting-edge fields, such as system science, numerical simulation, big data, and cloud computing. The agricultural engineer in the era of ecological civilization is no longer simply a designer or producer of agricultural machinery and equipment, or a developer of agricultural energy, or a manager of agricultural water and soil. In essence, a modern agricultural engineer has become a farm planner to manage the various risks encountered in agricultural production, particularly integrating agricultural equipment, environment, resources, culture, and production factors. In addition, a future direction was addressed for the construction of agricultural engineering discipline using some examples from the international exploration and application. The results demonstrated that the needs of social progress was met in the development concept of the new connotation of agricultural engineering discipline in the era of ecological civilization. The finding can provide a promising scientific reference to further enrich the theoretical system of agricultural engineering disciplines, while a potential technical support to the ethical form of agricultural culture for sustained social prosperity. Consequently, the agricultural engineering discipline can be expected to become a scientific driving force for the advance of harmonious coexistence, virtuous cycle, and comprehensive development of human, nature and society.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Biology - Computation theory - Ecosystems - Engineers - Fertilizers - Fossil fuels - Philosophical aspects  - Recycling
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural ecosystems - Agricultural equipment - Agricultural productions - Agricultural resources - Production and consumption - Resources utilizations - State-of-art technology
Classification code:452.3  Industrial Wastes - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9  Biology - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20213510848437
Title:Design and parameter analysis of seedling collection device of rapeseed substrate block seedlings transplanter machine
Title of translation:&#27833;&#33756;&#22522;&#36136;&#22359;&#33495;&#31227;&#26685;&#26426;&#21462;&#33495;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Hu, Qiaolei (1, 2); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Li, Xinzhi (1, 2); Wan, Xingyu (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:18-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Separating seedling is highly lacking to implement the planting operation in mechanized transplanting of rapeseed substrate block seedlings. In this study, a novel separating seedling device with a pair of rollers was designed in a transplanter, particularly for the rapeseed substrate block seedlings using a degree of freedom (DOF) constraint of a mechanical system. Two stages were divided in the working process of the device, including pneumatic seedling separation and counter-roller seedling collection. As such, the combination of pneumatic seedling separation and counter-roller wheel was used to realize the stable and synchronous seedling separation of each row. Kinematic models were also constructed for the separate seedling and picking stage in the process of transplanting. Some key parameters were optimized as follows: the linear speed of the synchronous belt ranged from 66.67 to 133.33 mm/s, while the roller speed ranged from 192.46 to 294.67 mm/s, and the angle of the seedling platform was 30&deg; to 45&deg;. A quadratic rotation orthogonal experiment was carried out to explore the effects of the linear speed of synchronous belt and roller, as well as installation angle of seedling loading platform on the success and synchronization rate in seedling picking. The results showed that the performance of picking seedlings was better than before, when the speed of the synchronous belt was 120.9 mm/s, the linear speed of the roller was 238.2 mm/s, and the angle of the seedling platform was 31.9&deg;. The success rate and synchronization rate were also 93.42% and 94.42%, respectively. It was found that with the increase of the angle of the seedling platform in the bench test, the conveying fluency of seedling substrate block decreased significantly, together with some toppling of seedling, where the seedling substrate block moved from the synchronous belt to the seedling platform. The reason was that the stability of the seedling dropped significantly, as the angle of the seedling platform increased, thereby easy to topple, where there was an obvious decrease in the distance between the seedling substrate block and the bottom of the ditch. Correspondingly, the seedling was easy to cause the collapse, whether the linear speed of the synchronous belt was too high or low. The error was accumulated constantly, as the number of seedlings increased, further leading to the missing planting and heavy load. Once the horizontal speed of the roller was consistent with the forward speed of a machine, the speed of the seedling dropping was achieved at zero, while the stability of the seedling was much better. But when the speed changed greatly, the stability of the seedling picking using a counter roller was getting worse, while the seedling dropping was easy to occur dumping. In any way, a field experiment demonstrated that the success rate of collection seedlings was 88.69%, and the synchronous rate of collection seedlings was 92.72%, meeting the technical requirements of separating seedlings of rapeseed substrate block seedlings transplanter. The finding can provide a sound reference to the structural improvement of separating seedlings device in the rapeseed substrate block seedlings transplanter for modern mechanized agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Speed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Belts - Degrees of freedom (mechanics) - Kinematics - Oilseeds - Pneumatics - Rollers (machine components) - Turing machines
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of freedom (dof) - Installation angle - Mechanical systems - Orthogonal experiment - Parameter analysis - Structural improvements - Synchronization rate - Technical requirement
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 602.1  Mechanical Drives - 632.3  Pneumatics - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.87e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Velocity 1.21e-01m/s, Velocity 1.92e-01m/s to 2.95e-01m/s, Velocity 2.38e-01m/s, Velocity 6.67e-02m/s to 1.33e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20213510848336
Title:Prediction of SCR performance of diesel engine based on response surface methodology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21709;&#24212;&#26354;&#38754;&#27861;&#30340;&#26612;&#27833;&#26426;SCR&#24615;&#33021;&#39044;&#27979;
Authors:Nie, Xuexuan (1); Bi, Yuhua (1); Shen, Lizhong (1); Wang, Peng (1); Yan, Jie (1); Peng, Yiyuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Kunming Yunnei Power Co., Ltd., Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Yuhua(815569621@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:64-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is applied to a diesel engine for the promising solution of NO<inf>X</inf> emission. In this study, a diesel engine test bench with an SCR system was developed to clarify the large difference in the NO<inf>X</inf> emission of diesel engine SCR system under various exhaust conditions. A performance test of the SCR system was also used to determine the single and multi-factor interaction. An SCR model was established using GT-POWER software. A systematic analysis was made to explore the influence of exhaust temperature, exhaust mass flow, and ammonia nitrogen ratio on the SCR performance in the heavy-duty engine. Box-Behnken design and response surface method (RSM) was used to simulate the diesel engine SCR system. An RSM optimization was carried out with the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency and NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate as optimization objectives, where the exhaust temperature, exhaust mass flow, and ammonia nitrogen ratio were variable factors. The results showed that the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency increased in the range of 150-250 &deg;C, while a high level was then observed in the range of 250-450 &deg;C, finally to decline after 450 &deg;C. There was an opposite trend for the influence of exhaust temperature on NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate. Specifically, the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate remained at a low level, all within 5% above 250 &deg;C. The NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency decreased, but the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate increased, with the increase of exhaust mass flow, especially when the exhaust mass flow was above 200 kg / h. When the exhaust mass flow increased by 50 kg / h, the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency decreased by 3%, and the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate increased by 4%. The high ammonia nitrogen ratio contributed to improving the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency and NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate. Particularly, the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency maintained a high level, when the ammonia nitrogen ratio was above 0.9. Nevertheless, the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate maintained a low level, when the ammonia nitrogen ratio was below 0.9. It inferred that the appropriate ammonia nitrogen ratio was expected to optimize the SCR performance. In the response surface optimization, a high exhaust temperature and low exhaust mass flow with a suitable ammonia nitrogen ratio can contribute to the NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency in the high level, while the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate in the low level. An optimal NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency of SCR performance reached 96.4%, and the NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate was only 0.5%, when the exhaust temperature was 350 &deg;C, while the exhaust mass flow rate was 200 kg / h, and the ammonia nitrogen ratio was 1.0. Consequently, an optimal combination of NO<inf>X</inf> conversion efficiency and NH<inf>3</inf> slip rate can be achieved under the optimization of exhaust temperature, exhaust flow and ammonia nitrogen ratio. This finding can provide effective guidance for urea control in an SCR system under different operating conditions of a diesel engine.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Exhaust systems (engine)
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Conversion efficiency - Diesel engines - Efficiency - Mass transfer - Nitrogen - Selective catalytic reduction - Surface properties - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Different operating conditions - Exhaust temperature - Heavy duty engines - Optimal combination - Response surface method - Response surface methodology - Response surface optimization - Systematic analysis
Classification code:451.2  Air Pollution Control - 525.5  Energy Conversion Issues - 612.2  Diesel Engines - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 913.1  Production Engineering - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.39e-02kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.56e-02kg/s, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Temperature 4.23e+02K to 5.23e+02K, Temperature 5.23e+02K, Temperature 5.23e+02K to 7.23e+02K, Temperature 6.23e+02K, Temperature 7.23e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20213510848462
Title:Rural revitalization strategy and disciplinary innovation of agricultural engineering
Title of translation:&#20065;&#26449;&#25391;&#20852;&#19982;&#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#31185;&#21019;&#26032;
Authors:Fu, Zetian (1); Zhang, Haiyu (1); Zhang, Peng (2); Ma, Yunfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yantai Institute of China Agricultural University, Yantai; 264670, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:299-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">As long-standing goals and all-round development practices of agricultural and rural modernization of China, the rural revitalization strategy provides huge opportunities and spaces for the disciplinary innovation and development of all agricultural related disciplines. The purpose of this paper was aimed to analyze special requirements, objectives, tasks and implementation environment raised by the rural revitalization strategy, based on reviewing the references and development history of agricultural engineering, and to analyze impacts of the rural revitalization strategies on and demand for the adjustment of agricultural engineering innovation, so that to figure out the ways, means and measures for new round disciplinary adjustments and restructuring of agricultural engineering. In recent years, the disciplinary renovation and restructuring for all subjects have been encouraged and launched by the Ministry of Education, China. The new round adjustment of the discipline layout marked by the innovation and construction of new disciplines such as new engineering and new agriculture were given more attention on introducing new technological and industrial revolution achievements, and transforming and upgrading traditional engineering and agricultural science with information technology, digital technology and artificial intelligence. But it's worth noting that insufficient attention had been paid to the expansion of agricultural and rural modernization roads and changes in development patterns caused by the rural revitalization in this important adjustment process. Agricultural engineering takes multiple and wide range responsibilities in offering scientific and technological support and talent training and cultivation, so that it plays a special and key role in the modernization of agricultural and rural areas. Information, communication, intelligent and smart technologies, and all new breaking through technologies should be introduced into agricultural engineering to equip and empower it more updated and effectively. Under such a background, more efforts should also be made in such important development consequences brought by the rural revitalization strategy. The disciplinary adjustment of agricultural engineering should be restructured and optimized according to the instructions of the national development strategies and its new application areas required by agricultural and rural modernization. The more attention should be paid to the influence of social and economic development mode and structural adjustment and upgrading on innovation and its correspondence. Great attentions should be paid to following key issues: 1) The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy has opened up some new development spaces for the disciplinary innovation of agricultural engineering and proposed new development requirements. 2) The development and extension of the agricultural engineering technology systems will extend from the agricultural production to rural multi-industrial integration, relying on all agricultural and rural resources. 3) The cultivation of agricultural engineering talents and the construction of educational scientific research systems should aim at the requirements of the whole process for all rural productions, as well for the construction of rural ecological systems. 4) The systematic construction and management of agricultural and rural industries in different regions should meet the needs of the urban-rural integration development and the modernization of new rural communities' governance system. Currently, more reform, renovations and adjustments should be made to reshape the agricultural engineering to meet new needs of the rural revitalization, the new development fields and directions of agricultural engineering disciplinary innovation currently are more practical in rural e-commerce engineering, rural landscape construction and maintenance engineering, rural new industrial development space construction, rural ecological environment engineering, and rural social and economic management and governance system engineering.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural robots - Artificial intelligence - Cultivation - Ecology - Engineering research - Industrial economics - Modernization - Planning - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Industrial development - Industrial integration - Industrial revolutions - Rural ecological environments - Social and economic development - Traditional engineerings - Urban-rural integrations
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 723.4  Artificial Intelligence - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 901.3  Engineering Research - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 912.2  Management - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20213510848471
Title:Design of biaxial rotary tillage soil test bench and layered tillage test
Title of translation:&#21452;&#36724;&#26059;&#32789;&#30862;&#22303;&#35797;&#39564;&#21488;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#20998;&#23618;&#32789;&#20316;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Guan, Chunsong (1, 2); Cui, Zhichao (1); Gao, Qingsheng (1); Wang, Shulin (2); Chen, Yongsheng (1); Yang, Yating (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yongsheng(cys003@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:28-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A biaxial rotary tillage machine is widely used in intelligent agriculture with ever-increasing demands in recent years in China, such as biaxial rotary tiller, biaxial stubble cutter, and biaxial ridging machine, because of its high operation efficiency, less soil compaction, and low energy consumption. A test bench is mostly utilized to simulate the field condition for the rotary tillage machinery, in order to reduce the rework times for higher design efficiency. Much effort has been made to explore the technology and theory of rotary tillage machines, especially commonly-used linear- and rotary-type indoor test benches. But there are still some limitations in these kinds of test bench at present, such as low universality, only suitable for a single axis rotary tillage test. Meanwhile, most test benches are fixed indoor installation covering a large area with low mobility and reliability. As such, the indoor test using remolded soil is difficult to reflect the real environment of operation sites. Therefore, it is highly demanding for a new test device to improve the performance of biaxial rotary tillage machines, according to the fundamental theory of single axis rotary tillage. In this study, a field mobile test bench was proposed to perform the throwing soil with the forward rotary blade roller, with the crushing soil with the backward crushing roller. These operations aimed to meet the high agronomic requirements of vegetable layered tillage, where the topsoil was fine soil, while the subsoil contained some large soil particles. A prototype of a biaxial ridge machine was then designed, together with the key components, to realize the real-time adjustment of relative space distance of two shafts, as well as the rotation speed ratio of front-rear roller shafts. A theoretical analysis was made on the working range of relative spatial position between two roller shafts, the structural parameters for the position adjustment device in the crushing roller shaft, and the motion parameters for the rotary speed adjustment device in the rotary blade shaft. A selection was completed on the hydraulic pump, motor, and valve, as well as on the torque sensor, PLC communication module, and data acquisition software. A detailed description was given on the working principle, test and data acquisition process of the whole machine. A central composite experimental design was adopted to improve the working quality of layered tillage, while reducing the energy consumption. A three-factor and five-level response surface experiment was conducted, where three influencing factors were taken as the horizontal and vertical distance between two shafts, as well as the shaft rotation speed of soil crushing roller, whereas, two indicators were set as the average power consumption, and the breakage ratio of soil at the top soil layer of 5 cm. Design-Expert software was then selected to analyze the test data. A regression model was established to clarify the significant correlation between each factor and indicator, aiming to comprehensively optimize the influencing factors. The results showed that three determinants were ranked in the order of horizontal distance between two shafts, vertical distance between two shafts, rotating speed of crushing roller shaft, in terms of impact on average power consumption, whereas, the determinants were ranked in the order of horizontal distance between two shafts, rotating speed of crushing roller shaft, vertical distance between two shafts, in terms of impact on the ratio of soil breakage. An optimal combination of work parameters was achieved as bellow: the average power consumption was 17.92 kW, and the ratio of soil breakage was 91.65%, particularly when the horizontal and vertical distances between two shafts were 570, and 96 mm, respectively, and the rotating speed of crushing roller shaft was 340 r/min. Specifically, the relative error between property indices was less than 5%, compared with the theoretical optimization and the valid test, indicating that the established model was expected to serve as the subsequent prediction and optimization. Meanwhile, the test data demonstrated that the developed test bench of biaxial rotary tillage was reasonable, while meeting the needs of multi factor and multi-level tests. The finding can provide a new potential test for the optimization design of similar components in the biaxial rotary tillage.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Crushing - Data acquisition - Electric power utilization - Energy utilization - Environmental testing - Horizontal wells - Machine design - Regression analysis  - Rollers (machine components) - Rotating machinery - Software testing - Soil mechanics - Soils - Speed - Turbomachine blades
Uncontrolled terms:Acquisition process - Communication modules - Data acquisition softwares - Low energy consumption - Operation efficiencies - Optimal combination - Optimization design - Structural parameter
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 512.1.1  Oil Fields - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 601  Mechanical Design - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Power 1.79e+04W, Rotational_Speed 3.40e+02RPM, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 9.60e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20213510848449
Title:Experiment on the basic mechanical properties of mechanical eco-modified adobe brick masonry
Title of translation:&#26426;&#21046;&#29983;&#24577;&#25913;&#24615;&#29983;&#22303;&#22383;&#30742;&#30732;&#20307;&#22522;&#26412;&#21147;&#23398;&#24615;&#33021;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Gao, Yueyue (1); Guo, Junlin (1, 3); Yuan, Kang (1, 2); Guo, Longlong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy & Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Bingtuan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing; 400045, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Junlin(guo_education@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:166-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An adobe masonry structure has widely been distributed for a long time in the rural areas of northwest China. The conventional building forms share some advantages, including convenient material access, thermal insulation, economic and environmental protection, as well as green and energy saving. However, some limitations are also remained, such as low material strength, unstable quality, and low structural integrity. Particularly, the living conditions in rural areas is ever-increasingly concerned under the current national strategies of rural revitalization, energy conservation, and emission reduction. Alternatively, a mechanical adobe is highly expected to serve as a masonry structure in the future, due mainly to its stable quality, convenient construction, and performance close to masonry. In this study, some experiments were carried out to determine the mechanical properties of a mechanical and eco-friendly modified adobe brick masonry. Typical non-polluting materials were added to enhance the seismic performance and strength of adobe brick masonry building, such as sodium silicate, potassium alum, urea, re-dispersible latex powder, and straw. A compressive and shear strength test was performed on the mechanical adobe brick masonry, where the specimens were divided into two groups of 12 compressive and two groups of 18 shear experiments. An investigation was made to obtain the failure mechanism and mechanical properties of adobe brick masonry. The uniaxial compression stress-strain relationship of mechanical adobe brick masonry was analyzed, where the conventional formula was revised to calculate the average compressive strength and bearing capacity. The experimental results showed there was splitting along the vertical ash joints and mostly ductile failure in the compression specimens of mechanical eco-modified adobe brick masonry. By contrast, the shear specimen of un-modified adobe brick masonry was mainly manifested as the double-sided shear failure along the interface between mud and adobe, where the failure was characterized by high instantaneity. Furthermore, the compressive and shear strength of mechanical adobe brick masonry increased by 23% and 17%, respectively, after the addition of eco-modified materials. In addition, the ductility of mechanical eco-modified adobe brick masonry was 7% higher than that of un-modified one. A compressive constitutive model was well fitted with the geometric feature points of stress-strain curves for the mechanical eco-modified adobe brick masonry, particularly meeting the characteristics of smooth and continuous curves at the peak points. Obviously, the constitutive equation was fully suitable for the mechanical unmodified and eco-modified adobe brick masonry, especially for numerical simulation. Additionally, the formula of compressive strength was well suited to the mechanical unmodified and eco-modified adobe brick masonry, when the parameter was 0.42 and 0.46. Correspondingly, the resulting data using the revised formula was all relatively larger than that of the theoretical calculation. In any way, the updated formula can reserve the specimen in a large range of safety, together with excellent applicability for the rural revitalization in northwest China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Failure (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Brick - Compressive strength - Emission control - Energy conservation - Environmental protection - Rural areas - Silicates - Sodium compounds - Stress-strain curves - Thermal insulation  - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Masonry structures - Modified materials - National strategies - Polluting materials - Seismic Performance - Shear strength tests - Theoretical calculations - Uni-axial compression
Classification code:413.2  Heat Insulating Materials - 414.2  Brick Materials - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 804.1  Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20213510848328
Title:Optimization model and algorithm of rotation irrigation group for drip irrigation
Title of translation:&#28404;&#28748;&#36718;&#28748;&#20998;&#32452;&#20248;&#21270;&#27169;&#22411;&#19982;&#31639;&#27861;
Authors:Li, Wei (1, 2); Chen, Weineng (1); Tian, Min (3); Deng, Hongtao (3); Chen, Hongli (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510000, China; (2) School of Computer Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) School of Mechanical Electrical and Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (4) Xinjiang Tianye Group Co., Ltd., Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Weineng(cschenwn@scut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:73-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A rotation irrigation is normally implemented in water-shortage regions, such as Xinjiang area of western China with widespread drip irrigation. Nevertheless, the conventional rotation irrigation group is generally divided into the fixed districts in the manual calculation. A better solution is thus highly demanding in this inefficient calculation. The rotation irrigation group is also representing the prominent regional and hydraulic characteristics in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify how to divide the rotation irrigation group in practice. Furthermore, the operation of the irrigation system needs to gradually complete the whole plot irrigation under the turn-on and turn-off valve sequence of several branch pipes in a rotation irrigation group. Correspondingly, there is a relatively high labor intensity in the operational mode, but with low investment cost, simple maintenance, and wide popularization, compared with the automatic operation of drip irrigation. In this study, a hybrid mathematical model was proposed to explore a better solution using the flow balance and structural constraints in the technical standards and division principles. Neighborhood characteristics were determined from the spatial distribution of branch pipes in the rotation irrigation group. The neighborhood search strategy and the repair of infeasible solution were given in the radius threshold range, further to find the critical path of the maximum extent. Four algorithms were selected to solve the model separately, including the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Greedy-GA, Tyson polygon-GA (Voronoi-GA), and Grid GA. The GA adopted the branch pipe model of actual number coding. The chromosome coding indicated that the branch pipe was opened in that group. The initial population was constructed using the Random, Greedy, Voronoi polygon, and Grid. The spatial distribution of branch pipe was applied in the neighborhood search strategy, further to serve as the structural feature in the rotation irrigation group. A uniform crossover strategy was adopted for the crossover and mutation of the offspring population. A competitive and elite retention strategy was adopted for the selection mechanism. Furthermore, the neighborhood structure represented the use of characteristic information. In the case of the rotation irrigation group, the spatial distribution of branch pipes presented critical structural characteristics. The specific search procedure was: first to establish the adjacency matrix of branch pipe, then to generate the reachable matrix using the Warshall, finally to calculate the critical path set for each valve, thereby converting the code. In a matrix form, the fundamental and non-key matrix was generated using a reachable matrix. Then the temporary path set was calculated and sorted to compare the valves in the non-critical matrix row for the standard deviation index. Feasible solutions were selected to update the matrix using four indicators from standard deviation, path length, connectivity, and running time. Furthermore, an optimal combination was achieved, where the mean flow rate in the rotation irrigation group was 260.06 m³/h, the standard deviation was 10.9 m³/h, the path length was 7 342.6 m, the mean path length was 8 105.2m, the mean path length within the group was 386.4 m, and the mean connectivity was 22. The neighborhood search strategy of the critical path was adopted to balance the distribution of branch pipes under the condition of objective function, suitable for daily management and maintenance. The Grid-GA and repair presented an excellent performance on the rotation operating group in a grip irrigation, particularly without the dimensional disaster in the multi-dimensional combination. Consequently, the hybrid optimal model and algorithm here can meet the hydraulic calculation and engineering requirements in modern agriculture.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Genetic algorithms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Chromosomes - Irrigation - Pipe - Repair - Rotation - Spatial distribution - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Crossover and mutation - Hydraulic calculations - Hydraulic characteristic - Neighborhood characteristics - Neighborhood structure - Optimization modeling - Structural characteristics - Structural constraints
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.5  Maintenance - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.05e+02m, Size 3.43e+02m, Size 3.86e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20213510848380
Title:Simulation model of external morphology and dry matter accumulation and distribution of celery in solar greenhouse
Title of translation:&#26085;&#20809;&#28201;&#23460;&#33465;&#33756;&#22806;&#35266;&#24418;&#24577;&#21450;&#24178;&#29289;&#36136;&#31215;&#32047;&#20998;&#37197;&#27169;&#25311;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Cheng, Chen (1); Dong, Chaoyang (2); Li, Zhenfa (2); Gong, Zhihong (2); Feng, Liping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin; 300074, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhenfa(lzfaaa@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:142-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A dynamic simulation was performed here to characterize the external morphology, accumulation, and distribution of dry matter in the celery (Apium graveolens L.) under a solar greenhouse. A two-year experiment was carried out in a greenhouse from 2018 to 2020 in the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Base, Wuqing District, Tianjin, China (east longitude 116.97 &deg;, latitude 39.43 &deg;, altitude 8 m). There were 2 or 3 transplanting dates for each stubble, including the early transplanting date (EP, about 15 days earlier than the local conventional planting date), medium transplanting date (MP, local conventional transplanting date that was transplanted in mid September), and the Late Planting (LP, about 15 days later than the local conventional transplanting date). A random block group design was adopted, where three replicates were set for each transplanting date. The variety of celery was selected as Juventus. Five development stages were also divided, namely, the transplanting date (T), Outer Leaf Growth period (OLG), Cardiac Hypertrophy period (CH), Wither period (W), and uprooting period (U). An external morphology model was constructed with the Photo-Thermal Index (PTI) as an independent variable, according to the relationship between the growth dynamic of external morphology and key meteorological factors (temperature and radiation) of celery in a greenhouse. The PTI was also used to establish the dry and fresh matter distribution model. A module of dry matter accumulation in the celery was established under the amount of training using the double integral of leaf area index (LAI) and daily length in photosynthesis per unit leaf area, while considering the simulation modules of photosynthesis and respiration. A new model of fresh matter accumulation was established to combine the relative water content of each organ in each developmental stage. The whole growth model of celery was built in a greenhouse from each sub-module. The model parameters were then calibrated and determined. The rationality and accuracy of modules were validated using the statistical indicators. The results showed that: 1) In the external morphology model, the RMSE of simulated and measured morphological indicators of root length, main stem width, main stem length, plant height and LAI by pruning and natural were 2.46 cm, 1.49 mm, 6.72 cm, 11.08 cm, 0.74 m²/m² and 0.77 m²/m², respectively, and the NRMSE was between 16.63% and 20.63%. 2) In the model of dry and fresh matter distribution, the NRMSE of the simulated and observed dry matter distribution index of each organ were between 8.24% and 27.19%, and the RMSE was between 0.60% and 7.01%, respectively. 3) In the dry matter accumulation model, different dry matter of organs (including root, green stems, and leaves, total stem and leaf, stem, petioles, overground by pruning and natural) of dry matter simulated and measured values of RMSE were from 3.85 to 85.80 g/m², while the NRMSE were from 14.21% to 23.13%. Furthermore, the dry matter accumulation model presented a high accuracy, when simulating the dry matter of different organs. Consequently, the model can be expected to accurately simulate the external morphology, accumulation, and distribution of dry matter, thereby systematically and quantitatively representing the growth dynamics of celery in a solar greenhouse. A growth process of celery was also elucidated to realize and quantify the dynamic monitoring of celery growth. Therefore, the finding can provide sound technical support to the intelligent production and management of leaf vegetables in a solar greenhouse.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Greenhouses - Morphology - Photosynthesis - Solar heating
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science and technology innovations - Distribution models - Dry matter accumulation - Independent variables - Meteorological factors - Morphological indicator - Relative water content - Statistical indicators
Classification code:657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 741.1  Light/Optics - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.11e-02yr, Percentage 1.42e+01% to 2.31e+01%, Percentage 1.66e+01% to 2.06e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-01% to 7.01e+00%, Percentage 8.24e+00% to 2.72e+01%, Size 1.11e-01m, Size 1.49e-03m, Size 2.46e-02m, Size 6.72e-02m, Size 8.00e+00m, Surface_Density 3.85e-03kg/m2 to 8.58e-02kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20213510848377
Title:Some thoughts on the agricultural engineering discipline construction and talent cultivation in China
Title of translation:&#20851;&#20110;&#20013;&#22269;&#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#31867;&#19987;&#19994;&#24314;&#35774;&#21644;&#20154;&#25165;&#22521;&#20859;&#30340;&#33509;&#24178;&#24605;&#32771;
Authors:Ying, Yibin (1); Pan, Jinming (1); Xu, Huirong (1); Lin, Tao (1); Han, Lujia (2); Kang, Shaozhong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:284-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Agriculture is the critical industry that supports the national economy and people's livelihood. The shortage of labor resources, high-quality consumer demand, strict ecological environment requirements and increasingly intensified international competition have prompted the rapid development of China's agriculture towards the direction of mechanization, information, refinement, intelligence and unmanned operations. Agricultural engineering plays a vital role in agricultural modernization and rural revitalization. Universities are faced with new challenges from technological development, new requirements from social development, and new changes in the demand for talents. In the future, education will be more open, appropriate, human-oriented, equal and sustainable. This article reviewed the unprecedented challenges and opportunities faced by agricultural engineering education, and the unprecedented development of technologies, which had expanded the new territory for the development of agricultural engineering education. The vigorous development of new forms of agriculture provides opportunities for agricultural engineering talents. Agricultural engineering industry is facing new challenges from multiple competitions and the need of the construction of new agricultural and engineering disciplines. Agricultural engineering education faces unprecedented challenges and opportunities. It is urgent for us to think about how to cultivate highly intelligent future innovators, leaders and supporters in agriculture; think about how to focus on the discipline of agricultural engineering, stick to the main responsibility, and form sustainable development. According to the analysis of international agricultural engineering discipline development, this paper found that the cultivation of international agricultural engineering talents had highlighted the intersection of agriculture, engineering, biology and information. The original curriculum system had been completely transformed and expanded, which greatly enhanced professional adaptability and competitiveness. Moreover, the core curriculum system had been the label of the irreplaceability of professional students. For example, among the 86 undergraduate programs majored in agricultural engineering in the United States, biochemistry courses with an opening rate of more than 20% included General Chemistry I (100%), Biology I (71%), and Organic Chemistry (55%), General Chemistry II (53%), Biological Materials Science (51%), Microbiology (35%), General Biology II (30%), Biochemistry (23%), and Bioreactor (Kinetics) (23%). Professional reforms had enabled the undergraduate education of agricultural engineering disciplines in the United States to achieve leapfrog development. The outstanding contributions of agricultural engineering disciplines to economic and social development were recognized by the whole society, and agricultural engineers had become an important and unique category of professional engineers. Given these successful experiences, the authors believed that strengthening the irreplaceability of the students majored in agricultural engineering was the key to strengthening and promoting the reputation of our discipline. The authors recommend four changes: from focusing on knowledge-based teaching to improving comprehensive literacy, from professional education to combined professional and general education, from highly specialized training to interdisciplinary cultivation, and from focusing on professional skills to focusing on overall development, aiming for the development of new agricultural engineering.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural robots - Biochemistry - Biological materials - Competition - Curricula - Economic and social effects - Engineering education - Focusing - Knowledge acquisition  - Knowledge based systems - Machinery - Professional aspects - Students - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Ecological environments - Economic and social development - Engineering disciplines - International competitions - Professional education - Technological development - Undergraduate education
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 723.4  Artificial Intelligence - 723.4.1  Expert Systems - 801.2  Biochemistry - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 901.1  Engineering Professional Aspects - 901.2  Education - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20213510848405
Title:Evaluating the effects of revegetated shrub on land surface ET in arid and semiarid areas using SEBAL model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;SEBAL&#27169;&#22411;&#35780;&#20272;&#24178;&#26097;&#21322;&#24178;&#26097;&#21306;&#20154;&#24037;&#28748;&#19995;&#26893;&#34987;&#23545;&#38470;&#34920;&#33976;&#25955;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Qiao, Chenglong (1, 2, 3); Du, Lingtong (1, 2, 3); Pan, Haizhu (1, 2, 3); Ma, Longlong (1, 2, 3); Tian, Jing (1, 2, 3); Yuan, Hongyi (1, 2, 3); Wu, Hongyue (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Du, Lingtong(dult80@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:110-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Caragana liouana is one of the most common planting tree species in the desert region of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in northwest China. The cultivated shrub has greatly enhanced the vegetation coverage and ecological restoration to keep from desert encroachment in the regional ecosystem in Yanchi County since 1970. Correspondingly, the vegetation structure has also been changed eventually to dominate the water vapor interactions between land surface and atmosphere. However, only a few studies were focused on the quantitative evaluation of anthropogenic measurement on the function of the original desert steppe ecosystem, especially from the viewpoint of the water cycle. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic revegetation on evapotranspiration (ET), a key process of the water cycle in a terrestrial ecosystem, in order to reveal the coupling mechanism between vegetation change and hydrological process in most arid and semiarid areas. The spatial ET was retrieved for the Yanchi County in different stages in the whole year using a surface energy balance algorithms for land (SEBAL) model driven by Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS and meteorological data. The specific ET was also measured in the anthropogenic planted shrub and nearby grassland plot (as control plot) using the visual interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images including GF-2 and Google Earth platform. The results showed that: 1) there was a high accuracy in the ET retrieved by the SEBAL model in Yanchi County, especially in agreement with the observation of sites. The model was therefore suitable for retrieving and spatial characteristics analysis of regional ET in arid and semiarid areas; 2) The daily average ET in the planted shrub areas was 1.20 mm/d higher than that (1.17 mm/d) in the compared grassland. As such, the planting shrub effectively tailored the surface hydrological process, while increased the water consumption of the ecosystem. A critical change of ecosystem function occurred in arid and semi-arid areas, where the water supply was limited. Nevertheless, there were great variations in the enhancement of ET for the different seasons and biogeographical conditions. The most obvious enhancement of ET was found in August, but a negative effect was observed in March and April. The reason was that the surface hydrological process was independent of plants before the growing season. 3) A stronger effect occurred to enhance land surface ET in the higher density and vegetation coverage of shrubs. The most remarkable effect was performed in the case of NDVI&gt;0.4, where the shrub needed much more water to grow. The specific mechanism should be paid attention to implement grassland ecological restoration, and combatting desertification. As a result, a reasonable eco-hydrological threshold can be determined for the anthropogenic revegetation mostly with shrub species in arid and semiarid areas. Particularly, the water supply of ecosystem from precipitation was more or equal to the water consumption for shrub plant growth. Therefore, it is essential to construct a stable and sustainable artificial ecosystem via the anthropogenic revegetation using the water balance of land and atmosphere in arid and semiarid areas. The finding can provide a scientific guidance for regional ecological and water resources management.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Function evaluation - Landforms - Meteorology - Remote sensing - Restoration - Revegetation - Soil conservation - Surface measurement - Vegetation  - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Ecological restoration - High resolution remote sensing images - Quantitative evaluation - Spatial characteristics - Terrestrial ecosystems - Water resources management - Water vapor interactions
Classification code:442.2  Land Reclamation - 444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.10.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.