<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20212710577727
Title:Numerical simulation of the cooling efficiency of circular serrated water-cooled LEDs using CFD in plant factory
Title of translation:基于CFD的植物工厂圆形锯齿状水冷LED灯管降温效果模拟
Authors:Fang, Hui (1, 2); Cheng, Ruifeng (1, 2); Tong, Yuxin (1, 2); Li, Kun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Kun(likun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:212-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">LEDs are more commonly used than fluorescent lamps in plant factories with artificial light for energy savings. But the LEDs cannot convert the input power to light at 100 % efficiency. Part of energy can be converted into heat, and then be transferred to the ambient environment, in terms of heat conduction, radiation, and convection. However, heat dissipation of LEDs has become a great challenge, as the power increased while the volume of LEDs reduced. In this study, a circular serrated water-cooled LED was designed to transmit the heat generated by LEDs in time for a longer service life. A three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model was developed to assess the design, where the LED bubbles were set as the internal heat source. The electrical efficiency was assumed to be 32% and 49% in the red and blue LEDs, respectively. The heat flux of 1.7×10<sup>7</sup> W/m<sup>3</sup> was calculated, according to the number of lamp beads and the electrical to light conversion efficiency. The constructed grids were approximately 1 162 800 for each case, including 220 881 nodes with a minimum element size of 2 mm. Much finer meshes were automatically imposed near the bubbles with proximity and curvature size functions in meshing. The SIMPLE was selected for the pressure-velocity coupling. A least-square cell-based scheme was used for the gradient term in spatial discretization. The second-order scheme was applied for the pressure term. The second-order upwind discretization schemes were used for momentum and energy equations, whereas, the first-order upwind discretization schemes were used for turbulence equations, mainly for higher accuracy. The convergence criterion was set as 10<sup>-6</sup> on energy and 10<sup>-3</sup> on continuity, momentum and viscous terms. Inlet and outlet boundary conditions were set for the numerical solution using the velocity-inlet and pressure-outlet. The inlet water velocity and water temperature were set as 0.2 m/s and 24 ℃, respectively. The simulated value of the LED water-cooled lamp was close to the measured value, with the maximum error of 16.4%, indicating that the CFD model could accurately simulate the temperature distribution of each structure of the lamp. The validated model was used to simulate the influence of different water flow velocities on the temperature distribution and water flow pressure drop in a water-cooled LED lamp. The results showed that the temperature distribution of bubbles and water flow was relatively uniform, and the structure of the lamp was reasonable. The heat released by the bead chip was quickly transferred into the water flow; when the inlet velocity of the lamp increased from 0.10 to 0.25 m/s, and the difference of water temperature between the inlet and outlet dropped from 1.4 ℃ to 0.5 ℃. Therefore, a series of connected lamps were calculated, according to the temperature difference between the inlet water and the ambient air, when the water-cooled LED lamps were connected in series. The inlet flow velocity also improved the flow resistance, where the resistance coefficient of lamps to the water flow was 2.2.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Light emitting diodes
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling water - Energy conservation - Flow of water - Flow velocity - Heat conduction - Heat flux - Hydraulics - Inlet flow - Temperature distribution - Thermal management (electronics) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Discretization scheme - Electrical efficiency - Outlet boundary condition - Pressure-velocity coupling - Resistance coefficients - Spatial discretizations - Temperature differences - Three dimensional computational fluid dynamics
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 631 Fluid Flow - 632.1 Hydraulics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 723.5 Computer Applications
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+01%, Size 2.00e-03m, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s to 2.50e-01m/s, Velocity 2.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20212710577642
Title:Ambient vibration test of grain group silos and vibration response analysis of the corner and side silos
Title of translation:粮食群仓的环境振动测试和角仓边仓振动响应分析
Authors:Zhang, Daying (1); Zhang, Shuaifeng (1); Sun, Qingzhen (1); Liang, Xingpei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:268-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate dynamic parameters are essential to more reasonably design grain group silos under earthquake action. In this study, the vibration characteristics of large-scale grain silos were analyzed, considering 15 silos in three rows and five columns in a grain storage project. The specific procedure was as follows: 1) A feasible optimization scheme was proposed for the ambient vibration test of grain group silos using structural vibration and finite element method (FEM), together with the structural and load symmetry in the actual engineering condition. 2) The measuring points were drawn in the corner silo (No. 11) and the side silo (No. 12), and then the point elevation and orientation were all listed in the tables. The acceleration signals of measuring points were obtained after the test. The least square, five-point three-smoothing, and digital filtering were then used to efficiently process the measured data. 3) The mode shapes of grain group silos were derived using control theory and motion equation of vibration via the acceleration data and transformation matrix. The first four mode shapes and frequencies were calculated to draw for the corner silo (No. 11) and the side silo (No. 12). The results demonstrated that the mode shapes were all the same. In the first four mode frequencies, the calculated values were 2.28, 3.45, 6.37 and 8.26 Hz, respectively, and the simulated values were 2.35, 3.56, 6.31 and 8.16 Hz with an error of 3.07%, 3.19%, 0.94%, and 1.21%, respectively. In the vibration responses of the corner silo (No. 11) and the side silo (No. 12), the first mode shapes of the two silos were all along the short axis direction of the whole grain silos with the same shear deformation and the same amplitude, indicating that there was little effect of adjacent silos on the first vibration response. The second mode shapes of two silos were all along the long axis direction of whole grain silos with the same shear deformation but a different amplitude. The constraint effect among the corner silo (No. 11) and the adjacent silos was weaker than that of the side silo (No. 12) and the adjacent silos. Therefore, the vibration amplitude of the former was larger than that of the latter. The third mode shapes of two silos were torsion shapes around the center of grain group silos, while, the rotational amplitude of the measuring point in the short-axis direction was greater than that in the long-axis direction. The fourth mode shapes of the two silos were significantly different, due to different interactions among the corner silo (No. 11) and the adjacent silos and that of the side silo (No. 12) and the adjacent silos. Bending mode shapes of the measuring points of the corner silo (No. 11) near the side silo, and the amplitudes were relatively small, but the other points were mainly shear or flexural shear mode shapes, and the amplitudes were relatively larger. The reason was that three adjacent silos constrained the side silo (No. 12) to the small amplitudes. Bend-shear mode shapes were found in the measuring points near the adjacent silos, but the points of the middle column were mainly shear mode shapes. Each silo in the grain group silos represented different interactions with the adjacent silos at the measuring positions, indicating a significant impact on the second order and above modes. A seismic design of grain group silos can be expected to divide into several parts for better materials cost-saving, according to the shape and amplitude of vibration mode.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Equations of motion - Group theory - Linear transformations - Metadata - Seismic design - Shear deformation - Shear flow - Structural dynamics
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration signals - Ambient vibration test - Optimization scheme - Rotational amplitudes - Structural vibrations - Transformation matrices - Vibration amplitude - Vibration characteristics
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 6.31e+00Hz, Frequency 6.37e+00Hz, Frequency 8.16e+00Hz, Frequency 8.26e+00Hz, Percentage 1.21e+00%, Percentage 3.07e+00%, Percentage 3.19e+00%, Percentage 9.40e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20212710577733
Title:Attribution analysis of annual sediment load of Ganjiang River Basin using BMA based on time-varying moment models
Title of translation:基于时变矩BMA方法的赣江流域年输沙量变化归因分析
Authors:Wen, Tianfu (1); Xiong, Lihua (2); Jiang, Cong (3); Xu, Xinfa (1); Liu, Zhangjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Academy of Water Science and Engineering, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (3) School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan; 430074, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:140-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Suspended sediment is a key driving factor in river evolution and ecosystem stability. However, there is a significant change in the annual suspended sediment loads in many basins under a current rapidly changing environment. Therefore, it is highly demanding to clarify the influencing factors and their attributions for the suspended sediment, thereby improving control measures of soil and water loss in basins. Taking the Ganjiang River in the Poyang Lake Basin of China as an example, the forest coverage rate increased by nearly 40% in the last 30 years, where there were 139 large and medium-sized reservoirs in 2014. In this study, the annual suspended sediment of the Ganjiang River Basin was firstly determined during the period of 1958-2014. Then, time-varying moment models were constructed for different types of probability distributions, where the factors of rainfall erosivity, forest coverage, and reservoir regulation were taken as explanatory variables. Finally, the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) was selected to combine four time-varying moment models for the simulation of annual suspended sediment load, and thereby to separate the attributions of different factors. The results were as follows: 1) Rainfall erosivity, forest coverage, and reservoir regulation were all key factors affecting the suspended sediment load. The time-varying moment model was constructed using four probability distributions (Gamma, Pearson-Ⅲ, Weibull, Lognormal) considering the time-varying of location and scale parameters, where the rainfall erosivity (Re), forest coverage rate (Fc), and reservoir regulation coefficient (Rc) were utilized as physical covariables. The distribution characteristics and process changes of annual sediment load were reasonably described in the study areas, with a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient (NSE) of 0.93; 2) BMA improved the simulation effect, while reduced model uncertainty, compared with the single time-varying moment model. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Relative Error (RE) of simulated value were 125.96×10<sup>4</sup> t/a, and 11.41%, respectively. The Containing Ratio (CR) and average band-width (B) of uncertainty interval were 94.47%, and 481.38×10<sup>4</sup> t/a, respectively. A fixing-changing method was selected to perform the attribution analysis of suspended sediment load using BMA under various scenario combinations. 3) The annual suspended sediment load showed a local trend in the study area from 1958 to 2014, with the change point year of 1989. There was a significant decreasing trend of annual suspended sediment load at the 5% significance level during the period from 1990 to 2014, due possibly to the increase of forest coverage during the regulation of large and medium-sized reservoirs. Specifically, the decreased sediment loads were 414.87×10<sup>4</sup> and 261.45×10<sup>4</sup> t/a, for the increase of forest coverage and reservoirs in 1958-1989, indicating a great contribution of 59.72% and 37.63%, respectively. The factor of rainfall erosivity increased the suspended sediment load by about 42.99×10<sup>4</sup> t/a, whereas, the forest coverage and reservoir regulation caused the decrease of 61.40×10<sup>4</sup>t/a. Furthermore, the decrease of suspended sediment load was actually caused by human activities, indicating better agreement with the conclusions obtained by the double cumulative curve and sediment yield function. The dynamic characteristics of the first and second moment were well elucidated in the observed samples using the BMA based on time-varying moment models, with an exact description for the mean value and variance. Therefore, the attribution analysis on the suspended sediment load was more objective and reliable in practice. Some recommendations were made here to strengthen the protection of forest resources, and the scientific regulation of large and medium-sized reservoirs, further to improve the control ability of water and soil loss in the Ganjiang River Basin.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Suspended sediments
Controlled terms:Bayesian networks - Ecosystems - Forestry - Mean square error - Rain - Reservoirs (water) - Rivers - Uncertainty analysis - Watersheds - Weibull distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Bayesian model averaging - Distribution characteristics - Dynamic characteristics - Efficiency coefficient - Explanatory variables - Location and scale parameters - Root mean square errors - Suspended sediment loads
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 3.76e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.97e+01%, Percentage 9.45e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20212710577659
Title:Mechanical properties and construction of constitutive model for compression and stress relaxation of seed cotton
Title of translation:籽棉压缩与应力松弛力学特性及模型构建
Authors:Kong, Fanting (1); Wu, Teng (1); Chen, Changlin (1); Sun, Yongfei (1); Xie, Qing (1); Shi, Lei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Lei(shileijsnj@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:53-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cotton is one of the most important cash crops and textile materials in the world. The cotton production of China is also ranked at the top of the world, in terms of planting area and total yield. Specifically, the growing area of cotton is annually more than 3 million hectares. Packing storage and transportation of seed cotton have become two main determinants of production capacity in the cotton industry. However, the traditional storage and transportation of seed cotton cannot meet the high demand for the machine-picked cotton area in recent years. The packing facilities inevitably need to fit into the specific producing conditions in China, such as local topography, climate, and vegetation. Mechanical properties of seed cotton are thus fundamental, including compression and stress relaxation, to the optimal design of equipment for harvesting, stacking, and packing. Most previous researches were focused mainly on the mechanical properties of corn, wheat, and herbage straw in agricultural materials. Few studies were reported on the mechanical properties of seed cotton, particularly on compression and stress relaxation. Taking the seed cotton as the research object in this study, a systematic test of mechanical properties was performed on the compression and stress relaxation of seed cotton. An improved Nishihara model and a generalized Maxwell 5-element mechanical model were selected to represent the stress-strain curves of compression and stress relaxation. Various level factors were utilized to verify the constitutive models for the compression and stress relaxation of seed cotton. Relevant model parameters were obtained to determine the influence rules with different factors. The results showed that the determination coefficients of parameters in the constitutive model were beyond 0.9 using the curve-fitting in the compression and stress relaxation of seed cotton. An obvious regularity of coefficients indicated that two models were better suitable for the compression and stress relaxation of seed cotton. There was also a significant influence of water content and feeding quantity on the mechanical properties of seed cotton. Furthermore, the compression stress was positively correlated to the water content and feeding quantity. In addition, the viscosity coefficient and elastic modulus increased significantly at a higher level of water content, due mainly to the porosity of cotton fiber. The cell wall of fiber became stronger and tougher, because the hydrophilic groups on the cellulose macromolecule absorbed water from the external environment. The curl of cotton fiber also made the fiber shrink longitudinally and elastic elongation during the compression under the larger amount of feeding quantity, where there was a significant increase in the overall longitudinal deformability of seed cotton and the elastic modulus. The viscosity coefficient and packing height both rose up significantly, while the pressure transmission path was longer for the naturally stacked seed cotton in the same compression chamber, as the feeding quantity was larger. The main reason was that the bending deformation, contact and extrusion were induced to generate the greater local stress between the fiber bodies during the compressing process of seed cotton. Moreover, the water content was positively correlated to the elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient of seed cotton. This positive correlation was possible because the natural twist of cotton made the fibers entangled, linked, and adhered, difficult to disperse during the stress relaxation of seed cotton. Correspondingly, the elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient increased significantly, as the feeding quantity increased. This improvement was due mainly to a non-uniform attenuation rate of pressure during the stress relaxation of seed cotton. There were much more contact points of fiber curl subjected to the greater feeding amount of seed cotton. The elastic modulus increased, while the relaxation pressure was transferred from the bottom to the top of seed cotton. The adhesion force between fibers and the viscosity coefficient rapidly rose with the motion resistance increased. This finding can provide an insightful theoretical basis to simulate the compression of seed cotton in most machine-picked cotton areas.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Constitutive models - Cotton - Cotton fibers - Crops - Curve fitting - Deformation - Elastic moduli - Feeding - Fits and tolerances - Stress relaxation - Stress-strain curves - Topography - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Cellulose macromolecules - Compression chambers - Determination coefficients - External environments - Positive correlations - Pressure transmission - Storage and transportations - Viscosity coefficient
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20212710577632
Title:Effects of fruit thinning agent "metamitron" on nutrition and hormone content of apple lateral fruits
Title of translation:苯嗪草酮疏果剂对苹果边果营养与激素含量的影响
Authors:Xue, Xiaomin (1); Han, Xueping (1); Nie, Peixian (1); Dong, Fang (1); Wang, Jinzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Pomology Institute, Tai'an; 271000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jinzheng(wjz992001@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:206-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The work aimed to clarify the effects of metamitron as the fruit thinning agent on the apple fruit setting rate as well as the mineral nutrition, carbohydrates, and hormones of lateral fruitlets, thus providing a reference for applying chemical thinning technology of apples. Thirty 9-year-old apple trees (Tianhong 2/SH38/Malus micromalus) were used as test materials, and 300 mg/kg metamitron solution was sprayed 2 times when the diameter of the biggest lateral fruits were around 6 mm. Spraying water was used as the control. The setting rate of inflorescence and flower were investigated after physiological fruit drop. The mineral nutrition, carbohydrate, soluble protein, and hormone content of lateral fruits were measured after spraying 7, 9, 11, 17, and 29 d. The total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were determined by semi-micro distillation, Mo-Sb-Vc colorimetry, and flame photometer, respectively. Glucose, fructose, sorbitol, sucrose, and hormone contents were determined by HPLC, while the soluble protein content was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue staining. The results showed that the fruit setting rate of inflorescence and flowers decreased by 17.95 and 27.63% compared with the control, respectively. The proportion of inflorescence with single fruit increased by 5.28 times in the treatment, while that of sitting three fruits and more decreased significantly, which was 47.91% of the control. The results of fruit setting rate and fruit setting ratio showed that metamitron could significantly reduce the fruit setting rate, and the single fruit rate was high, with the setting fruits distributed evenly. The total nitrogen content was higher than that of the control at all stages, and the difference between the control and the treatment was significant except 7 and 9 d. The total phosphorus and potassium contents of almost all treatments were significantly higher than those of the control. The total phosphorus contents of 11 and 29 d after spraying was 2.05 and 1.67 times of the control, and the total potassium content was 1.93 and 1.51 times of the control, respectively. The results of mineral nutrition showed that the fruit thinning effect of metamitron was not caused by the deficiency of inorganic nutrients. The content of the soluble protein decreased significantly compared with the control, and the content of each treatment period was 71.42%, 72.37%, 69.68%, 64.20%, and 86.02% of the control, respectively. The starch content of metamitron treatment was significantly higher than that of the control, with an increase of 5.57%-37.20%, yet the content of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and sorbitol decreased with different degrees. Therefore, the soluble carbohydrate content decreased significantly to 9.55%-52.57%. Soluble carbohydrates are the direct nutrients for the development of young fruits, so fruit thinning of metamitron may be caused by insufficient supply of soluble carbohydrates. The abscisic acid content generally increased after the treatment, and the ABA content in each period was 1.37-3.11 times that of the control. The ratio of (Z+GA<inf>3</inf>+IAA)/ABA decreased significantly, which could cause falling off of young fruits. As a result, metamitron has a good fruit thinning effect on apples, related to the decreased soluble protein content, an insufficient supply of soluble carbohydrate, increased ABA content, and decreased (Z+GA<inf>3</inf>+IAA)/ABA ratio.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Alcohols - Distillation - Fructose - Glucose - Minerals - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Nutrition - Phosphorus - Photometry - Potassium - Proteins - Sugar (sucrose) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical thinning - Coomassie Brilliant Blue - Flame photometers - Inorganic nutrients - Mineral nutrition - Soluble carbohydrates - Soluble proteins - Total nitrogen content
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 482.2 Minerals - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 2.76e+01%, Percentage 4.79e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+00% to 3.72e+01%, Percentage 6.42e+01%, Percentage 6.97e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 9.55e+00% to 5.26e+01%, Size 6.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20212710577619
Title:Automatic detection of rice planthoppers through light-trap insect images using improved CornerNet
Title of translation:基于改进CornerNet的水稻灯诱飞虱自动检测方法构建与验证
Authors:Yao, Qing (1); Wu, Shuzhen (1); Kuai, Naiyang (1); Yang, Baojun (2); Tang, Jian (2); Feng, Jin (3); Zhu, Xuhua (3); Zhu, Xianmin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Rice Technology Research and Development Center, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou; 311401, China; (3) Zhejiang Top Cloud-agri Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou; 310015, China; (4) Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Jiangsu, Nanjing; 210036, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Baojun(yangbjy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:183-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Many species of pests have posed a serious threat to the yield and quality of rice and, thereby, caused huge economic losses every year in the world. Accurate, real-time forecast of rice pests is highly demanding to take controlling measures in time. Since the commonly-used light-traps in China can automatically trap and kill the trapped insects, the subsequent procedure is still labor-intensive and time-consuming with low efficiency and less objectivity, causing a delay in the artificial identification and counting of rice pests. The reason is that the trapped insects in a day are often collected in one insect bag, and then the insect bags were taken back to the pest identification. Although deep learning has widely been used in pest identification, high accuracy is still lacking in the detection of rice planthopper, due to the small area proportion of planthoppers in the whole image. Moreover, great similarities of various rice planthoppers have made it much more difficult to detect light-trapped rice planthoppers in the complicated field environment. In this study, an improved automatic detection was proposed using CornerNet for higher precision and recall rate of rice planthoppers on light-trap insect images. 12 megapixel images were also captured for object detection. Data enhancement was first employed to expand the training set, further improving the generalization ability of the model. Next, an overlapping sliding window was applied to select fixed size regions by scanning the overlapped in the sliding direction from the edge to the center of one image. Subsequently, these size-fixed areas were fed into a cross-layer connected hourglass network with a high symmetry for the extraction of features. The area proportion of planthoppers on one image increased in sliding window selection for the improved detection rate. A large number of candidate boxes were obtained after the corner matching and coordinate correction in the prediction module. Four approaches were also developed for the detection box suppression to remove redundant detection boxes. Finally, the detection boxes with the highest score were selected as the detection data in the overlapping candidate boxes. The same image sets from the light traps were used to verify three detection models and their improved ones. The results demonstrated a higher accuracy detection of rice planthoppers was achieved under the overlapping sliding window and the detection box suppression in the different improved models. The improved CornerNet model presented an excellent performance with an average precision of 95.50% and a recall rate of 95.53% for the two species of rice planthoppers. This work can be applied in smart light traps to enhance the forecasting accuracy of rice planthoppers.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Animals - Deep learning - Forecasting - Losses - Network layers - Object detection
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic Detection - Detection models - Forecasting accuracy - Generalization ability - Precision and recall - Real-time forecasts - Rice planthopper - Sliding direction
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.55e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20212710577616
Title:Design and experiments of garlic bulbil orientation adjustment device using Jetson Nano processor
Title of translation:基于Jetson Nano处理器的大蒜鳞芽朝向调整装置设计与试验
Authors:Li, Yuhua (1, 2, 3); Liu, Quancheng (1); Li, Tianhua (1, 2, 3); Wu, Yanqiang (1, 2, 3); Niu, Ziru (1, 2, 3); Hou, Jialin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Jialin(jlhou@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:35-42
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Garlic cultivation is highly demanding for a single seed to maintain upright-directional sowing with the roots down ward vertically. However, current adjustment devices for the direction of garlic cloves cannot be suitable for hybrid garlic varieties. In this study, an intelligent adjustment device was designed for the direction of garlic clove using edge computing. The device consisted of a feeding channel of garlic clove, a camera, a camera bracket, clove direction adjustment mechanism, turning servo and brackets. The adjustment mechanism of clove direction was composed of flip frame, reset spring, hopper opening and closing servo, Y-type hopper I and II. A dual convolution neural network (CNN) structure was adopted in the control system, where a custom deep learning CNN was for garlic monitoring in real time, and a ResNet-18 network was for the determination of garlic clove orientation. In monitoring, the garlic clove was distinguished from the background of images, thereby determining whether the clove was fed to the adjustment. Areal-time detection of orientation was to keep the pointy end of garlic clove facing upward, while the blunt end down into the soil. A suitable control strategy was provided to promptly adjust the direction of garlic clove. Higher identification accuracy and real-time performance were achieved in two different networks for separate detection and orientation of garlic clove. The specific procedure of orientation adjustment was as follows. An image processing was performed to determine whether the garlic clove entered the Y-shaped hopper from the feeding channel. Once the garlic clove was detected to be in the hopper, an image was real-time captured by the camera. The captured image was processed immediately through the deep learning network of detection and orientation. When the scales (blunt end)of garlic cloves were facing upward, the opening and closing servos of a hopper rotated at a certain angle to open the lower end of Y-type hopper I and II. As such, the garlic clove fell directly into the inserting with the scales facing upward. If the scales of garlic cloves were facing downward, the turning servos and adjusting mechanism individually rotated 180°, to accurately tailor the orientation of scales when the garlic clove was sliding down the guide slot of Y-type hopper I. Both theoretical and empirical data demonstrated that the structural parameters of the adjusting mechanism greatly dominated the success rate of the adjusted scale bud. A discrete element method (DEM) was performed on a commercial software EDEM to simulate the working effect of the adjusting mechanism. An orthogonal test was also utilized to optimize the key parameters of adjusting mechanism. An optimal combination of parameters was obtained, where the inclination angle of the garlic clove was 80° in the feeding channel, the radius of the Y-shaped hopper was 12.49 mm, and the height difference of the hopper was 20 mm. Finallya bench test was carried out to verify the direction adjustment of garlic cloves. In scale bud, the success rate of identification was 97.25%, and the success rate of adjustment was 96.25%, where the success rate of adjustment was slightly lower than that of recognition. The reason was that the correctly identified garlic turned over unexpectedly when falling, due to the irregular center of gravity in a single seed. The mean inference time of the model was 0.045 s, indicating a small proportion of adjustment time for the scale bud. The average adjustment time was 0.785 s, where the mean value was 0.59 s when the garlic cloves were facing up and 0.98 s when facing down. There was a relatively large difference in the adjustment time when the garlic buds were faced up and down. This difference came into being because there was inconsistent movement stroke of the adjustment mechanism in two cases, particularly where the rotation speed of the drive motor was the same when the scale buds were facing down. Consequently, the adjustment time of scale buds facing up was shorter than that of the roots down ward vertically in garlic planting.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Cameras - Deep learning - Digital storage - Facings - Feeding - Finite difference method - Hoppers - Integrated circuit design - Learning systems
Uncontrolled terms:Adjusting mechanism - Adjustment mechanisms - Commercial software - Convolution neural network - Identification accuracy - Optimal combination - Real time performance - Structural parameter
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.62e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Size 1.25e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Time 4.50e-02s, Time 5.90e-01s, Time 7.85e-01s, Time 9.80e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20212710577708
Title:Estimation model for steady infiltration rate and wetting pattern of aeolian sandy soil under vertical pipe surface drip irrigation
Title of translation:竖管地表滴灌下风沙土稳定入渗率与湿润体估算模型
Authors:Fan, Yanwei (1); Wang, Yanxiang (1); Zhu, Pengcheng (1); Yang, Zhiwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:103-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Vertical-pipe drip irrigation is one of the most efficient state-of-the-art techniques for water-saving and temperature conservation, thereby alleviating the combined stress of drought and high temperature in sand-fixing plant seedlings. In terms of long-term engineering, it is necessary to explore the infiltration characteristics of aeolian sandy soil under vertical-pipe drip irrigation. Furthermore, the discharge rate of the drip system is required less than the stable infiltration rate of water in a critical depth, in order to meet the requirement of no flooding seedlings when the emitter is combined with the vertical pipe. In this study, a ponding infiltration test was carried out using a 2 cm constant head in the field to investigate the variation process of cumulative infiltration of aeolian sandy soil under different buried depths and diameters of vertical pipe. A Philip infiltration model was established to fit the data. 9 treatments and 3 control tests were included in the infiltration experiment. Specifically, the diameter of the vertical pipe was designed with the levels of 8.8, 10.6, 12.6, and 14.2 cm, while the buried depth was set at 15, 20, and 25 cm. The results show that the stable infiltration rate of Philip model increased as the diameter of vertical pipe increased, and decreased with the increase of buried depth. A power function relationship (R<sup>2</sup>> 0.99) was followed between the steady permeability rate and the diameter or buried depth of vertical pipe, where the power function indexes were 2.01 and -0.64, respectively. The well-established estimation formula of stable infiltration rate was also utilized to determine the drip discharge matching with the structural parameters of the vertical pipe, when there was no ponding in the vertical pipe. Subsequently, the infiltration test was conducted for the vertical-pipe drip irrigation. A field test was also carried out to observe the movement of wetting front in aeolian sandy soil under the different dripper discharge, buried depth, and diameter of vertical pipe. A power function was used to process the observed data. 7 treatments and 2 control tests were included in the field test. The dripper discharge was designed with the different levels of 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 L/h, where the diameters of the vertical pipe were 10.6, 12.6, and 14.2 cm, and the buried depths of the vertical pipe were 15, 20, and 25 cm. The results showed that there was a significant effect of dripper discharge on the migration distance of the wetting front in the vertical downward. The migration distance of the wetting front was much greater in the vertical downward, whereas, slightly increased in the horizontal and vertical upward, as the dripper discharge became larger. Additionally, the migration distance of the wetting front in three directions decreased with the increase in the diameter of the vertical pipe. The migration distance of the wetting front in vertical upward and downward decreased, but the horizontal migration distance changed little, as the depth of the vertical pipe increased. The time of irrigation water was determined to reach the bottom hole of the vertical pipe, according to the water balance equation. A prediction model of the wetting body was established for the vertical-pipe drip irrigation, including the emitter discharge, diameter, and buried depth of the vertical pipe, as well as the irrigation time. The model was also verified by the 8 and the 9 schemes of the irrigation test. The average absolute error of the model was between 0.28 cm and 1.07 cm, while the root mean square error was between 0.19 cm and 1.68 cm, and the Nash efficiency coefficient was greater than 0.91. The finding can offer the accurate prediction of steady infiltration rate and wetting body in the optimal design of vertical-pipe drip irrigation system, thereby creating a relatively suitable environment for sand-fixing plant seedlings.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Mean square error - Ponding - Predictive analytics - Sand - Seed - Soils - Water conservation - Water resources - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Average absolute error - Cumulative infiltrations - Drip irrigation systems - Infiltration characteristic - Root mean square errors - State-of-the-art techniques - Steady infiltration rate - Water balance equation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.42e-01m, Size 1.90e-03m to 1.68e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 2.80e-03m to 1.07e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20212710577638
Title:Effects of distributor types on fertilizing performance in an air-assisted applicator
Title of translation:气送式排肥系统分配装置结构型式对排肥性能的影响
Authors:Wang, Lei (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Gao, Liping (1, 2); Xiao, Wenli (1, 2); Chen, Hui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:24-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Structural type of distributor normally dominates the uniform fertilizing quantity in each row and the damage rate in the fertilizing process under wide and high-speed sowing and synchronous fertilization of air-assisted planter for rapeseed and wheat. In this study, the main structural parameters of the distributor were determined according to the optimal fertilizing performance in an air-assisted applicator. The distributors with the flat top type, the inverted cone installed on the flat top type, the dome type, and the inverted cone installed on the dome type were taken as the research objects. The initial structural parameters were set: The inner diameter of delivering fertilizer tube was 82 mm. The length, width, and height of the diversion fertilizer outlet were all 30 mm. The diameter of the upper covering plate was 130 mm. The cone angle was 80° and the height of the inverted cone was 50 mm. An elastic collision model was established between the pelletized fertilizer and the main part of the distributor using Hertz theory. A Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was selected to analyze the effects of 4-type distributors on the motion characteristics and fertilizing performance of fertilizer particles. The simulation results showed that the average values of maximum velocity and collision normal force, and the uniformity variation coefficient of each row fertilizing quantity of fertilizer particles in the distributor devices of the dome type, the flat top type, the inverted cone installed on the flat top type, and the inverted cone installed on the dome type all increased gradually. The maximum collision normal forces of fertilizer particles in the distributor of the dome type, the flat top type, the inverted cone installed on the flat top type, and the inverted cone installed on the dome type were 43.08, 62.50, 70.66, and 116.15 N, respectively, where the proportions of maximum collision normal force greater than 30 N (referring to the damage force range of pelletized fertilizer were 1.56%, 3.33%, 6.67%, and 38.89%, respectively). Furthermore, the maximum velocities of fertilizer particles in four-type distributors were 26.32, 29.14, 33.66, and 36.1 m/s, respectively, where the proportions of maximum velocity greater than 25 m/s were 0.44%, 7.78%, 9.33%, and 22.16%, respectively. The dome type distributor presented the minimum values in the maximum velocity, while the proportion of maximum velocity was greater than 25 m/s, indicating a small change in the velocity of fertilizer particles for the stable transportation of fertilizer particles. An intelligent test platform was used for planting machines to verify the fertilizing performance of an air-assisted fertilizer. The bench results indicated that there was highly consistent with the experimental and simulated changes in the maximum velocity and the maximum collision normal force of fertilizer particles in the distributor with different structural types. In a dome type distributor, the variation coefficient of uniformity in each row fertilizing quantity of particles was in the range of 6.35% to 7.52%, while the variation coefficient of stability in total fertilizing quantity was in the range of 1.53% to 1.92%, and the damage rate was in the range of 2.97% to 3.26%. Correspondingly, the dome type distributor achieved a better fertilizing performance than others. The findings can provide a sound reference to improve the structure of the distributor for precision fertilizing.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Applicators - Computation theory - Computational fluid dynamics - Domes - Finite difference method - Pelletizing - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Elastic collision - Intelligent test - Maximum velocity - Motion characteristics - Research object - Structural parameter - Structural type - Variation coefficient
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.16e+02N, Percentage 1.53e+00% to 1.92e+00%, Percentage 1.56e+00%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+00% to 3.26e+00%, Percentage 3.33e+00%, Percentage 3.89e+01%, Percentage 4.40e-01%, Percentage 6.35e+00% to 7.52e+00%, Percentage 6.67e+00%, Percentage 7.78e+00%, Percentage 9.33e+00%, Size 1.30e-01m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 8.20e-02m, Velocity 2.50e+01m/s, Velocity 3.61e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20212710577658
Title:Spatial regionalization and response to morphological parameters of dune migration in the Qaidam Basin of China
Title of translation:柴达木盆地沙丘移动的空间分异及对形态参数的响应
Authors:Li, Jianjun (1); Jiao, Juying (1, 2); Cao, Xue (2); Bai, Leichao (1); Chen, Tongde (1); Yan, Xiqin (2); Qi, Hongkun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, Juying(jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:309-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Desertification and dune migration are two serious forms of land degradation, resulting in the destruction of grassland and farmland ecosystems. Sandstorm activities occur more frequently in the Tibetan Plateau of western China in recent years, particularly with the expansion of desertification. The Qaidam Basin is the largest intermountain basin located in the northwestern portion of the Tibetan Plateau. This basin is usually considered to be 'the region of Earth most similar to Mars', providing for a sound reference for the study of Mars aeolian geomorphology. However, it is still lacking the understanding of dune migration in the Qaidam Basin. Taking the transverse dunes (such as barchan dune) as the research objects, this study aims to clarify the spatial regionalization and response to morphological parameters of dune migration in the Qaidam Basin. Geo Eye, Quick bird and World View satellite images were utilized to measure morphological parameters and migration using the Google Earth software. The main results were listed as follows: 1) The average migration rate of dunes was between 0 and 23.53 m/a in the study area, with an average of 4.66 m/a, more than half of which was the medium speed (53.73%). The migration direction of the dune was between 53.52° and 150.06°, with an average of 104.13°, indicating a better agreement with the main wind direction. The average speed of dune migration slowed down spatially from northwest to southeast, but there was no obvious trend. Specifically, the fastest migration was found in the middle (5.22 m/a), followed by the northwest (4.84 m/a), the north (3.49 m/a), the southwest (3.35 m/a), and the southeast (3.27 m/a). The migration direction changed with the direction of the mountain range. 2)The migration of the dune was much slower as the volume of dune increased in the same environment. There was a very significant (P<0.01) exponential negative correlation between the migration speeds and morphological parameters of dune, such as the length of windward slope (R<sup>2</sup>=0.716), length of lee slope (R<sup>2</sup>=0.705), height (R<sup>2</sup>=0.705), width (R<sup>2</sup>=0.988), perimeter (R<sup>2</sup>=0.986), basal area (R<sup>2</sup>=0.955), whereas, a very significant (P<0.01) linear negative correlation with the coefficient of dune shape (R<sup>2</sup>=0.438), and a significant (P<0.05) positive linear correlation with the length-width ratio (R<sup>2</sup>=0.130). Therefore, more attention can be paid to the dune width in future studies using remote sensing images. 3)The dune migration was much slower as the wind velocity decreased and the precipitation increased in the whole basin. Furthermore, the dune moved slowly under the great vegetation coverage in the southeastern basin. 4)Dense rivers blocked the dune migration and protected Golmud City, but the dune migration still posed great threats to the whole ecosystem. This finding can make a great contribution to the accurate understanding of sandstorm activities for regional town planning and protection in the national ecological security shelter zone on the Tibetan Plateau of western China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Climatology - Remote sensing - Storms
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological security - Intermountain basins - Length-width ratios - Linear correlation - Morphological parameters - Negative correlation - Remote sensing images - Vegetation coverage
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.37e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20212710577654
Title:Effects of physicochemical properties of protein raw materials and their mash feed on the processing quality of pellet feed
Title of translation:蛋白原料及其混合粉料理化性质对颗粒饲料加工质量的影响
Authors:Wu, Yushan (1); Yang, Jie (1); Li, Junguo (1); Xu, Chuanxiang (1); Li, Jun (1); Niu, Libin (1); Gu, Xu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Laboratory of Feed-derived Factor Risk Assessment for Animal Product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Beijing), Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Xu(guxu@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:301-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The purpose of this study is to explore the nutritional components and physicochemical properties in five types of protein raw materials and their mixed powder, including soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS), and Clostridium autoethanogenum Protein (CAP). Key indicators were determined on the processing quality of pellet feed and energy consumption of granulation. A comprehensive evaluation was also performed on the granulation of protein raw materials. Five kinds of protein raw materials were mixed with ground corn at the weight ratio of 3:7 in a single-factor experimental design. The soybean meal was taken as the control group, whereas, the pelletized feed was prepared with the same processing parameters. Correlation analysis and Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) were conducted to compare the pelletizing quality of different protein raw materials. The results showed that there were significant differences in nutritional components and physicochemical properties of raw materials, where the CAP presented a high protein content and solubility while low fat and fiber, the cottonseed meal with high fiber, the rapeseed meal with high fiber and low protein solubility, as well as the DDGS with low protein and high fat. Water absorption of protein raw materials was ranked in descending order: CAP, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, and DDGS. The energy consumption of CAP group and cottonseed meal group was higher than other group, and soybean meal group was lowest; the higher Modified Pellet Durability Index (MPDI) of the cotton meal group and CAP group was 92.72% and 90.57% respectively, and the lowest MPDI of rapeseed group was 79.68%. The highest hardness of CAP group was 130.95 N, and the lowest hardness was 74.26 N in DDGS group. The highest gelatinization degree of CAP group was 45.56% and the lowest of gelatinization degree was 31.36% in DDGS group. The partial least squares regression model demonstrated that the protein content and solubility, as well as the water absorption significantly improved the hardness, PDI, and MPDI of pellet feed. The crude fiber content, protein solubility, and water absorption contributed tosaving the energy consumption of pelletizing. The granulation characteristics were ranked in the order from high to low: CAP, cottonseed meal, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and DDGS. The findings can provide a sound reference for the selection of protein raw materials in the actual production of pellet feed.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Fibers - Gelation - Granulation - Hardness - Least squares approximations - Oilseeds - Pelletizing - Physicochemical properties - Quality control - Regression analysis - Solubility - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Clostridium autoethanogenum - Comprehensive evaluation - Correlation analysis - Distillers dried grains with solubles - Partial least squares regression - Partial least squares regression models - Processing parameters - Processing quality
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.31e+02N, Force 7.43e+01N, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 4.56e+01%, Percentage 7.97e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20212710577622
Title:Analysis and experiments of the movement process for the shredded material of disc knife chaff cutter
Title of translation:盘刀式铡草机粉碎物料运动过程分析与试验
Authors:Fang, Mei (1); Yu, Zhihong (1); Zhang, Wenjie (1); Liu, Weifeng (1); Bie, Zhenjiang (1); Song, Jinbao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Zhihong(yzhyqyzhyq@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:76-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Throwing device is an important factor that directly affects the performance of chaff cutter. For the problem of low throwing efficiency and residue blockage of disc knife chaff cutter, scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research, but most of the previous research is based on simulation and experimental research. For the movement of materials, theoretical analysis studies are rarely performed. Most scholars only analyze the movement of material in the throwing device separately, and ignore the influence of the front-end device and airflow on the material. Therefore, this study aims to establish a more complete theoretical analysis model to provide a theoretical basis for the design of the whole machine of the chaff cutter. A kinetic analysis method was proposed to reveal the laws of material throwing motion of the disc knife maize. Material movement process were divided into seven stages in the whole throwing process, according to the matching between the throwing device and the front-end device, and the influence of airflow on the material. The movement and force of the material were analyzed in each stage. The kinetic model of the material movement along the throwing blade, along the throwing straight and elbow, and after throwing out of the outlet was established, using the initial and final velocity of each stage to connect adjacent stages. Based on the dynamic model, the throwing distance of the material was taken as index value, and a numerical calculation model was established using MATLAB software. The parameters related to the maize straw material involved in the simulation and calculation process, including moisture content, mass and diameter, were measured by physical tests. The airflow velocities in the throwing tube at different working conditions were measured using a TSI9565 anemometer, and the average value (0.203) of the coefficient of friction between the maize straw material and the tube wall was obtained using a CNY-1 inclinometer. The parameters of simulation model were determined according to the actual structural parameters of the 9Z-6A disc knife chaff cutter and the test data related to the maize straw material, and the influence of the spindle speed and blade inclination angle on the throwing performance was analyzed. The results showed that the throwing distance increased approximately linearly with the increase of the spindle speed during the test range. The throwing distance first increased and then decreased, with the blade inclination angle increased. The maximum throwing distance was obtained when the length of the shredded material was 12 mm, the blade inclination angle is 7° and the spindle speed was 700 r/min. The results obtained from the throwing distance test were consistent with the trend of the theoretical simulation results, with a maximum relative error of 6.6%, which verified the accuracy of the dynamic model. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the structural design, parameter optimization, and matching of the chaff cutter.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:MATLAB
Controlled terms:Dynamic models - Friction - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of frictions - Experimental research - Maximum relative errors - Numerical calculation model - Parameter optimization - Simulation and calculations - Theoretical analysis model - Theoretical simulation
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.60e+00%, Rotational_Speed 7.00e+02RPM, Size 1.20e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20212710577744
Title:Development of a novel solar-powered system for in-situ automatic monitoring of soil water dynamics in a soil profile
Title of translation:太阳能供电的土壤剖面水分动态原位自动监测系统的研制
Authors:Xiang, Yang (1); Yu, Song (1); Xu, Qiang (1); Cheng, Xianglin (1); Zhu, Yufan (1); Lao, Cailian (1); Yan, Xiaofei (2); Cheng, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, Qiang(chengqiang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:150-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Commercial sensors of soil moisture normally cannot specifically observe the customized water content of soil profile, with emphasis on unadjustable measurement depth, interchange errors among multi-sensor probes, high cost, and difficulty in power supply for long-term monitoring in the field. In this study, a novel solar-powered system was developed to in-situ and long-term monitor the water content of soil profile in the field using dielectric tube sensors. Three parts included the power supply, measurement, and storage subsystem. The power supply subsystem was composed of the solar and lithium battery for long-term monitoring of the water content of soil profile in the field. A control panel was also utilized in a measurement subsystem to control the vertical movement of a dielectric tube sensor and simultaneously measure the soil water content and depths of the soil profile. The communicated system was installed with the upper computer software through Bluetooth. The operational parameters were set flexibly in the actual requirements, including the depths, spacing distance, and measuring periods. A storage subsystem was then used to record real-time measurements of the water content of the soil profile. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the performance of the developed system. The maximum output power of the solar panel was 5 W, greater than the working power (1.4 W) and the standby power of the system (0.35 W), which can make it possible for the system to achieve long-term endurance in the sunny outdoor. The solar-powered supply test showed that the novel system satisfied the high requirements of long-term running with the combination of solar and lithium batteries. The system lasted about 13 d without light, whereas worked sustainably under sufficient light. In addition, the voltage of the lithium battery changed by 3.2 V during the whole discharge, while the output voltage of the sensor only changed by 5 mV, indicating that the output voltage of the sensor was fully independent of the voltage of the lithium battery. A drip irrigation experiment was performed on two soil samples (sand and silt loam soil) with different drip irrigation rates, further to test the position accuracy of a system. High accuracy was achieved in the measurements of soil water content with a high consistent relationship (R<sup>2</sup> >0.99) between actual volumetric water contents and converted one via the calibration curves of the sensors. The novel system accurately positioned the depth of the sensor probe in the soil profile with a positioning error of less than 0.2 cm. Furthermore, the infiltration experiments in two drip irrigation showed that the developed system accurately and completely characterized the dynamic of water content in soil profiles during infiltration with different drip irrigation rates. The finding can provide reliable technical support to in-situ monitoring the crop growth state and moisture change of root zone for reasonable irrigation strategy.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Infiltration - Irrigation - Lithium batteries - Moisture control - Probes - Silt - Soil moisture - Standby power systems - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Long term monitoring - Maximum output power - Operational parameters - Power-supply subsystems - Real time measurements - Solar-powered system - Volumetric water content - Water content in soil
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 702.1.1 Primary Batteries - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Power 1.40e+00W, Power 3.50e-01W, Power 5.00e+00W, Size 2.00e-03m, Voltage 3.20e+00V, Voltage 5.00e-03V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20212710577607
Title:Design and experiments of cotton stalk pulling machine with horizontal-counter rollers
Title of translation:横轴对辊式棉秆起拔装置设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Jiaxi (1); Gao, Zhouming (1); Cai, Jialin (1); Tiemuer, Yeerbolati (1); Rui, Zhaoyu (1); Wang, Yichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:43-52
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cotton, one of the main commercial crops in the world, mostly distributes in several major growing regions, including Xinjiang of western China. An important renewable biomass resource, the cotton stalk has received most attention to serving as the poultry feed, paper making, environmental protection materials, and biomass briquette fuel. Particularly, the highly efficient recycling of cotton stalk can be widely expected to bring enormous economic and ecological benefits. However, most previous treatments are focused on pulverizing cotton stalks and returning to the field. A great challenge is still posed on the current pulling machines for cotton stalks, with emphasis on operational requirements, leakage, and breaking rate. In this study, a novel horizontal-roller cotton stalk pulling machine was proposed to efficiently implement the pulling of the whole cotton stalk after harvesting. The machine was mainly composed of traction, gearbox, stalk conveying, transmission system, machine body, road wheel, spacing regulating mechanism, stalk pulling, dam-board, and support frame. Specifically, the power input shaft of the gearbox was connected to the power output shaft of a tractor. In working, the power was transferred to the chain drive by the power output shaft of a gearbox, and then to realize the stalk conveying and pulling operation under the rotation of the toothed belt and the opposite rotation of the stalk pulling roller. A systematic kinematic analysis was conducted to determine the influencing factors in the working process. A field test was also carried out in a farmland in Korla City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in October 2019. The soil firmness was 467 kPa, and the moisture content of the soil was 15%-20%, due to the perennial drought and little rain in the study area. The average height of cotton stalk was 700 mm, while, the plant spacing was 50 mm in a wide and narrow close planting mode. The power was from a CFD604A wheeled tractor with a calibrated power of 44.2 kW. The test was performed on the national standard of a harvester combine test (GB/T 8097-2008). A three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was designed, where the forward velocity of the machine, the rod velocity of the deflector, and the speed of the stalk pulling roller were selected as the influencing factors, whereas, the leakage rate and plucking rate were the response factors. A response surface method was utilized to establish the regression equations for the relationship between the factors and assessment indexes. An optimal combination of parameters was obtained, while an experiment was also conducted to verify the mathematical model. The test results demonstrated that there were great effects of factors on the performance of horizontal-roller cotton stalk pulling. The significant effects on the leakage rate were ranked in a decreasing order: the forward velocity of the machine, the rod velocity of the deflector, and the speed of the stalk pulling roller. Correspondingly, the significant effects on the plucking rate were ranked in a decreasing order: the speed of the stalk pulling roller, the rod velocity of the deflector, and the forward velocity of the machine. The verification test indicated that the leakage rate of the cotton stalk was 5.24%, and the plucking rate was 3.75%, when the forward velocity of the machine was 0.68 m/s, the rod velocity of the deflector was 1.75 m/s, and the speed of the stalk pulling roller was 221 r/min. The optimal combination was better consistent with the predicted one in model optimization, indicating a reasonable structural design. The findings can provide a sound reference for the structural design and optimization of operation parameters in the horizontal-roller cotton stalk pulling machine.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Briquets - Cotton - Electric power transmission - Rollers (machine components) - Structural design - Structural optimization - Testing - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Ecological benefits - Operation parameters - Operational requirements - Quadratic regression - Response surface method - Transmission systems - Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 524 Solid Fuels - 601.2 Machine Components - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.75e+00%, Percentage 5.24e+00%, Power 4.42e+04W, Pressure 4.67e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 2.21e+02RPM, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-01m, Velocity 1.75e+00m/s, Velocity 6.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20212710577706
Title:Managing volatile acidity and aroma of Petit Manseng wine using Torulaspora delbruekii
Title of translation:戴尔有孢圆酵母调控晚采小芒森葡萄酒乙酸和香气
Authors:Geng, Shijin (1); Jiang, Jiao (1); Qu, Rui (1); Shi, Kan (1); Qin, Yi (1); Liu, Yanlin (1); Song, Yuyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Song, Yuyang(yuyangsong@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:293-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Volatile acids are usually associated with undesirable "sour" and "bitter" descriptors. The fermentation of high sugar grape juice/must using chilled, botrytised or late harvested grapes often leads to the production of higher amounts of volatile acidity, which adversely impacts the overall wine quality. This work aims to minimize the formation of volatile acidity, and further improve aroma complexity during high sugar fermentation. The potential application of indigenous Torulaspora delbruekii R12 was evaluated using late harvested Petit Manseng from east foot hill of the Helan Mountain. Petit Manseng juice with 300 g/L of sugar was filter sterilized prior to inoculation. Three inoculation strategies were used: 1) single fermentation with either pure R12 or indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae NX11424 at 1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL; 2) co-inoculation of R12 and NX11424 at the rate of 5:1, 20:1, and 50:1, among which the inoculum of R12 was 1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL; 3) 1×10<sup>6</sup> cells/mL of R12 was inoculated prior to the inoculation of NX11424 after 5 d at the same rate. Fermentation samples were collected every 48 h to measure the residual sugar and the formation of acetic acid using enzymatic analysis. Yeast viability was also determined via serial dilution and plating on WLN agar medium. Fermentation was terminated with the addition of 60 mg/L SO<inf>2</inf> on the day of the 20th. Final ferments were centrifuged and stored for subsequent analysis on volatile compounds via head-space-solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). NX11424 monoculture fermentation was rapid, when utilizing 255 g/L of sugar in 20 d, whereas, the sugar consumption of R12 fermentations was relatively slower, almost halted at 20 d. Nevertheless, the fermentation power was much stronger in all the co-inoculated fermentations than that in both the R12 monoculture fermentations and the sequentially inoculated fermentations. Correspondingly, the viability of both yeast strains in each fermentation was inversely related to sugar consumption. In terms of acetic acid(the major component responsible for volatile acidity), NX11424 monoculture fermentation produced 1.2 g/L acetic acids, which fell just around the legal threshold. By contrast, there was a significant decrease in the amount of acetic acid for both co-inoculation with R12 at the ratio of 5:1, 20:1, and 50:1, and sequential inoculation. The reduction of acetic acid was in line with the increased proportion of R12 in the mixed inoculum, with the highest decrease being 48.9% at 50:1 co-fermentation, compared with the single fermentation with NX11424. Another noticeable effect was that significantly less abundant acetaldehyde related to oxidative descriptors appeared in wines produced with the combined R12 and NX11424. The reduction of this compound was up to 50% in the mixed culture fermentation, compared with the NX11424 monoculture fermentation. Further, the impact of R12 on aroma profiles of wine was evaluated, where 42 volatile compounds were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS in Petit Manseng wines. It was found that the application of R12 was significantly correlated with the decrease of higher alcohols up to 30 mg/L, compared with the S. cerevisiae control. Significant differences were also observed in the concentration of esters. Specifically, the presence of R12 increased the level of isobutyl aetate, isoamyl acetate, hexyl acetate, and hexyl butyrate, whereas, remarkably reduced the production of phenethyl acetate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl decanoate, and ethyl dodecanoate. Lower concentrations of acetoin were also found in the wine samples involving R12. Additionally, a principal component analysis was utilized to clearly separate volatile compounds, where R12 inoculation strategies displayed a distinctive impact on wine aroma profile. In particular, the co-inoculation at the ratio of 20:1 behaved with the greatest potential to enhance both the varietal and the fermentative aromas of the wine. In this scenario, the amount of varietal volatile compounds was remarkably improved, such as terpenes, and C13 demethyl isoprene, whereas, a noticeable increase was also observed in the typical volatile compounds (eg., isoamyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, and phenyl ethanol)derived from fermentation. Therefore, the indigenous T. delbruekii R12 was expected to serve in conjunction with S.cerevisiae, thereby reducing acetic acid for better aroma quality during fermentation with high sugar in grape juice/must. The findings expand current knowledge on the solutions to efficiently minimizing volatile acidity during high sugar fermentations.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Essential oils - Fruit juices - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Odors - pH - Sugar industry - Sulfur dioxide - Volatile fatty acids - Volatile organic compounds - Wine - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Enzymatic analysis - Ethyl octanoate - Higher alcohols - Inoculated fermentation - Serial dilutions - Solid phase micro extraction - Volatile acidity - Volatile compounds
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 822 Food Technology - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.20e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.55e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 4.89e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20212710577731
Title:Mechanized grain harvesting quality of summer maize and its major influencing factors in Huanghuaihai region of China
Title of translation:黄淮海夏玉米机械化粒收质量及其主要影响因素
Authors:Wang, Keru (1); Li, Lulu (1); Lu, Zhensheng (2); Gao, Shang (1); Wang, Yizhou (1); Huang, Zhaofu (1); Xie, Ruizhi (1); Ming, Bo (1); Hou, Peng (1); Xue, Jun (1); Zhang, Zhentao (3); Hou, Liangyu (1); Li, Shaokun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Agricultural Machinery Extension Service Center of Luohe, Luohe; 462000, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shaokun(lishaokun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-7
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Huanghuaihai Summer Maize Region (HSMR) is one of the most difficult harvesting areas in the world, particularly in terms of mechanical grain harvesting. In this study, a multi-point experiment was therefore conducted in the HSMR to assess the influencing factors for better implementation of mechanical grain harvesting. 1 250 groups of field test datasets were collected, including 20 harvester types and 420 maize varieties, for the grain quality after mechanical harvesting between 2013 and 2019. The harvesting quality of maize grain was determined using the moisture content, breakage rate, impurity rate, and harvest losses from fallen ears and grain. The results show that the moisture content of grain ranged from 11.13% to 44.60%, with an average of 27.38% for the summer maize harvested by a combine harvester. The breakage rate of grain ranged from 1.11% to 33.94%, with an average of 9.29%. The impurity rate ranged from 0 to 12.25%, with an average of 1.68%. The harvest yield loss rate ranged from 0 to 79.82%, with an average of 3.28%. The average moisture content and breakage rate of grain were significantly higher than the national average values. The average moisture contents of grain at harvest were 25.45%, and 25.05% in 2018 and 2019, respectively, whereas, the average breakage rates of grain were 9.07% and 7.88%, respectively. Although the average breakage rate of grain in the HSMR was still higher than the Chinese national standard (5%), the harvest quality had significantly improved since 2013. There was a quadratic relationship between the breakage rate and moisture content of grain at harvest. The minimum breakage rate occurred at the grain moisture content of 21.08%. A high breakage rate of grain was currently the main quality issue to restrict the application of mechanical harvesting in this region, due mostly to the high moisture content of grain at harvest. The average impurity rate met the national standard of 3%, whereas, the average harvest yield loss rate met the national standard of 5%. Nevertheless, the impurity rate of more than 3% was 17.07% of samples, and the harvest yield loss rate of more than 5% was 19.05% of samples. The grain loss accounted for 28.70% of the total loss, and the ear loss accounted for 71.30%. The harvest loss from fallen ears contributed to the main part of harvest loss. There was a large difference in the number of falling ears in the experimental fields, with a variation coefficient of 235.22%. The proportion of maize varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting tended to increase over the study period, indicating better agreement with the continuous decrease in the grain moisture content, breakage rate, impurity rate, and harvest loss rate. Additionally, the yield remained unchanged over the study period. The grain moisture content and breakage rate clearly represented the heat resources with a gradual decrease from south to north, indicating the highest in the north, the second-highest in the middle, and the lowest in the southern region. Consequently, the optimal selection varieties with early maturity and fast dehydration can contribute to reducing the grain moisture content at harvest under the regional climate in the HSMR. Alternatively, an appropriate maize grain harvesting machine with a low grain breakage rate can also be expected to enhance the harvest quality, with emphasis on the high crushing-resistant maize varieties, cultivation technology, and operating procedures of a harvester, even harvesting at the appropriate time.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Low temperature drying - Moisture - Moisture determination
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese national standard - Combine harvesters - Grain moisture content - Harvesting machines - High moisture contents - National standard - Optimal selection - Variation coefficient
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.22e+01%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 7.98e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+00% to 3.39e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01% to 4.46e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+00%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 1.91e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01%, Percentage 2.35e+02%, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 2.74e+01%, Percentage 2.87e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.28e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.13e+01%, Percentage 7.88e+00%, Percentage 9.07e+00%, Percentage 9.29e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20212710577615
Title:Effects of various grain positions of ear on the internal structural parameters of maize grain using X-ray μCT
Title of translation:基于X-ray μCT技术的玉米籽粒结构特征的粒位效应分析
Authors:Yin, Xuebo (1); Ming, Bo (1); Hou, Junfeng (2); Wang, Keru (1); Li, Shaokun (1); Xie, Ruizhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Maize and Featured Dryland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Dongyang; 322100, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Ruizhi(xieruizhi@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:8-14
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Grain structure is an important characteristic of maize varieties, particularly in representing the grain filling and texture in some cases. But the effect of kernel positions on grain structures in maize still remained unclear. Clarifying the kernel position effects of grain structure is beneficial to comprehensively grasp the grain characteristics of maize ears, and provides a reference for the production, processing and variety improvement of maize. In this study, three grain types of maize cultivars were taken to clarify the kernel position effects, including Denghai 618 (DH618), KX3564, and Xianyu 335 (XY335), from Qitai, Xinjiang of Western China in 2018. Samples were selected at regular kernel intervals, where each ear was in an average of 12 grains. A total of 104 samples were scanned from the three varieties. The grain three-dimensional structures were reconstructed by imaging processing, such as segmentation, thresholding, and reconstruction, where more than 900 2D images were obtained in the different sections (X-Y, X-Z, and Y-Z) of grains using an X-ray micro-computed tomography (X-ray μCT). In addition to visualization, the grain structural parameters were also extracted, including the embryo, endosperm, subcutaneous cavity, embryo cavity, hard endosperm, soft endosperm, and endosperm cavity. The internal structure of grain was more accurately determined, especially on the cavity structure of grain, compared with the traditional manual and machine vision. The results showed that the effect of kernel position grain structure indicators on ear was different. Specifically, the volume of embryo, endosperm, and hard endosperm showed a linear downward trend from the base to the top of the ear, without considering the extreme grains at both sides of the ear. The range of each indicator on ear was 15.82-33.36, 180.15-296.50 and 87.13-166.00 mm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The cavity volume of subcutaneous, embryo, and endosperm remained stable in the middle of the ear, significantly lower than those in the upper and lower parts, in the sequence endosperm cavity> subcutaneous cavity> the embryo cavity. The ratio of embryo to endosperm was basically stable among grains. The volume of soft endosperm and the ratio of hard endosperm to soft endosperm decreased gradually from the base to the top, but the slope was different. There was the same tendency of parameters at different kernel positions in three varieties, but there were differences in absolute value: the ratio of grain embryo to endosperm at different positions of the ear in DH618 was significantly higher than those in KX3564 and XY335. The ratio of hard to soft endosperm in XY335 was significantly larger than those in DH618 and KX3564. In terms of grain cavities, KX3564 had a higher proportion of subcutaneous cavities and XY335 had a higher proportion of endosperm cavities. The volume proportion of embryo, endosperm and subcutaneous cavity in maize grains of the three varieties was 9.27%, 89.87% and 0.86%, respectively. X-ray μCT technology provides a new method and idea for the study of maize grain characters. Kernel position has also played a significant role in the grain structure among different positions of the maize ear. The findings suggest that the sampling position should be considered when conducting kernel research, due mainly to the differences of grain structure in positions of the maize ear.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:X rays
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain size and shape - Image segmentation - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Cavity structure - Grain characteristics - Imaging processing - Internal structure - Sampling positions - Structural parameter - Three-dimensional structure - X ray micro-computed tomography
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 932.1 High Energy Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.60e-01%, Percentage 8.99e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+00%, Volume 8.71e-08m3 to 1.66e-07m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20212710577626
Title:Variation characteristics and cause analysis of potential evapotranspiration in Poyang Lake Basin from 1981 to 2019
Title of translation:1981-2019年鄱阳湖流域潜在蒸散变化特征及气候成因分析
Authors:Qin, Xiaochen (1); Dai, Zhijian (1); Chen, Xingjuan (1); Li, Bozhen (1); Zhan, Mingjin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Eco-meteorological Centre of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330096, China; (2) Climate Change Centre of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330096, China
Corresponding author:Zhan, Mingjin(hellorm@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:94-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Potential evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) is an essential indicator to determine the level of climate dryness and water shortage, particularly for crop water demand and irrigation. Recent studies have found that the ET<inf>0</inf> in most areas of China changed from a downward trend to an upward trend in the early 1990s, closely relating to the tendency of meteorological factors. Seasonal water deficit has been the main limiting factor for agricultural production in summer and autumn, especially in Poyang Lake Basin (PLB), one of the most important commodity grain bases in China. However, the ET<inf>0</inf> trend and the seasonal differences still remain unclear. In this study, a Penman-monteith formula was utilized to calculate the ET<inf>0</inf> in PLB during 1981-2019 using the daily observed data from 74 meteorological stations. Mann-Kendall trend test and the sensitivity-contribution method were applied to reveal the trend of ET<inf>0</inf> on an annual and seasonal scale, and thereby to compare the contribution rates of climate factors, including the wind speed, solar radiation, vapor pressure, as well as the minimum and maximum temperature. Results showed that: 1) The annual ET<inf>0</inf> in the PLB first declined and then rose during the study period, where a downward trend was found before 2000s followed by a weak downward trend after 2000 s, and an upward trend in the second half of 2000s. The ET<inf>0</inf> showed an increasing trend in other seasons except for summer and the annual scale in 1981-2019. The annual trend of ET<inf>0</inf> was 1.50 mm/a (P<0.05), with the highest increasing rate in spring (0.81 mm/a, P<0.05) followed by autumn (0.64 mm/a, P<0.05). While the summer ET<inf>0</inf> experienced a decreasing trend (-0.23 mm/a, P>0.05). 2) The ET<inf>0</inf> reduced by 3.97% in 1981-2019, with the decrease in wind speed and solar radiation, while the increase in the water vapor pressure. Nevertheless, the cumulative contribution rate of the minimum and the maximum temperature was 9.79%, which ultimately increased ET<inf>0</inf> by 5.84%. Therefore, the warming temperature was the main reason for the annual increase of ET<inf>0</inf> in PLB, where the highest temperature had the largest contribution rate (5.90%), indicating the dominant factor. Seasonally, spring and autumn ET<inf>0</inf> rising was also mainly caused by warming the minimum and maximum temperature. The contribution rate was 14.40% and 11.79% for spring and autumn, respectively. The maximum temperature was the dominant factor for these two seasons, with the contribution rate of 10.04% and 6.98% for the spring and autumn, respectively. In addition, the dominant factor for winter ET<inf>0</inf> rising was the warming minimum temperature, of which the contribution rate was 8.77% (correspondingly 5.58% for the maximum temperature). Although the high temperature increased ET<inf>0</inf> by 3.89% in summer, the contribution rate of the decreasing solar radiation was -5.34%. Thus, the decreasing of solar radiation was the dominant factor for summer ET<inf>0</inf> declining. 3) The positive contribution of warming temperature exceeded the negative contribution of wind speed and solar radiation in the decadal change of contribution rate for various climate factors. That was the main reason for the turning point of the annual ET<inf>0</inf> from falling to rising during the 2000s. The finding can provide a sound reference to regional water management and seasonal drought monitoring in the Poyang Lake Basin of southern China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Wind
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Climate change - Evapotranspiration - Hydrostatic pressure - Lakes - Solar radiation - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Meteorological factors - Meteorological station - Minimum temperatures - Penman-Monteith formula - Potential evapotranspiration - Seasonal differences - Variation characteristics
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -5.34e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.18e+01%, Percentage 1.44e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+00%, Percentage 3.97e+00%, Percentage 5.58e+00%, Percentage 5.84e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Percentage 6.98e+00%, Percentage 8.77e+00%, Percentage 9.79e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20212710577685
Title:Optimizing lactic acid bacteria starter culture for wolfberry juice fermentation using principal component analysis
Title of translation:主成分分析法优选枸杞乳酸菌发酵饮品发酵剂
Authors:Huang, Ningxin (1); Ding, Shiyong (1); Liu, Rui (1, 2); Lu, Qun (1); Zhu, Heping (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Hubei Gouqi Zhen Co., Ltd, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi; 445300, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Rui(liurui89634@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:286-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Wolfberry (Lyciumbarbarum) is a typical traditional Chinese medicinal and edible fruit, sharing a variety of ingredients and functional activities, such as anti-aging, immune regulation, and anti-atherosclerosis. One of the wolfberry cultivars, Hubei hybrid wolfberry was introduced from the doubled Ningxia wolfberry that crossed with the local wild one in Enshi Prefecture, Jianshi County of Hubei Province in China. A previous study found that this new type of wolfberry was not suitable to process into the conventional dried products, due mainly to higher moisture content, compared with the original Ningxia wolfberry. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop a new processing approach for the wolfberry products, further improving the conversion rate of Hubei hybrid wolfberry. Alternatively, a characteristic fruit fermentation using lactic acid bacteria can provide a unique flavor product, while transform the types and increase the content of active substances for high nutritional value and health benefits. However, only a few reports were focused on the effects of lactic acid bacteria fermentation on the nutritional quality of wolfberry juice. Taking Hubei hybrid wolfberry as raw material, this study aims to investigate the physicochemical properties, main active components, and antioxidant activity in vitro of wolfberry juice before and after lactic acid bacteria fermentation. 6 kinds of lactic acid bacteria were selected (Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus fermentum) for fermentation. A principal component analysis was utilized to evaluate the quality of fermented wolfberry juice, where the most suitable lactic acid bacteria strain was obtained for wolfberry juice fermentation. The results showed that 6 kinds of lactic acid bacteria grew well in wolfberry juice, where the viable count reached above 10.0 lg CFU/mL. The total contents of sugar and reducing sugar in the juice were significantly reduced (P <0.05) after fermentation. A high capacity of acid production was achieved in the Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus, where the total acid contents were 6.74 and 6.07 g/kg, respectively. The total phenol content in wolfberry juice fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus fermentum increased by 13.76% to 28.07%, compared with unfermented wolfberry juice. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the content of total phenols in the wolfberry juice fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei (P>0.05). The total flavonoid content increased by 55.80% to 161.97% after fermentation. The antioxidant activities of fermented wolfberry juice were also significantly improved (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the increase in antioxidant activity was closely related to the content of total phenols and total flavonoids. Three principal components were extracted in a principal component analysis, covering three levels of fermentability, nutritional quality, and functionality, indicating a higher quality of fermented wolfberry juice. The cumulative variance contribution rate was 82.344%. The comprehensive score ranking demonstrated that the quality of wolfberry juice fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus fermentum was better, suitable for a starter for green processed beverages of Hubei hybrid wolfberry.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Bacilli - Fermentation - Fruits - Lactic acid - Phenols - Physicochemical properties - Plants (botany) - Starters
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Lactic acid bacteria fermentations - Lactobacillus acidophilus - Lactobacillus fermentum - Lactobacillus plantarum - Lactobacillus rhamnosus - Streptococcus thermophilus - Total flavonoid contents
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01% to 2.81e+01%, Percentage 5.58e+01% to 1.62e+02%, Percentage 8.23e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20212710577688
Title:Heat storage and release performance of new phase change material and its application in greenhouse
Title of translation:新型相变材料蓄放热性能测试及在温室内的应用
Authors:Zhang, Yong (1); Xu, Yingjie (2); Chen, Yu (2); Zhang, Kexin (2); Ni, Xinyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Landscape Architecture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:218-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Solar greenhouse has commonly been used for crop production in China. Correspondingly, much more attention has been drawn to the heat storage and release ability of the rear wall in a solar greenhouse. A phase change material (PCM) can be widely expected to effectively improve the performance of heat storage and release in solar greenhouse walls. In this study, three types of PCM walls were investigated to determine the heat performance in a sunlight greenhouse. A single block cement module was selected to test the ability of heat accumulation in laboratory. The measuring data was achieved as follows. The results show that the temperature of a F1, F2, and F3 phase change material cement module increases from 8.3 to 32℃ to absorb 2 575.2, 3 041.5, and 3 286.8 kJ heat, and the heat storage per unit volume is 74.5, 88.0, 95.1 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>; The temperature of the F3 phase change material cement module dropped from 32 to 7.8℃ and released heat of 2 067.0, 2 344.6, and 2 910.2 kJ, respectively, and the heat output per unit volume was 59.8, 67.8, and 84.2 mJ/m<sup>3</sup>. Under sunny winter conditions, the heat storage per unit volume of F1, F2 and F3 walls are 55 862.5, 57 137.5, 60 383.75 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>, and the heat release per unit volume is 29 290, 40 182.5, 49 511.25 kJ/m<sup>3</sup>. When the wall thickness is only about 14% of that of the soil wall, the heat storage and release performance of F1, F2 and F3 are better than that of 0.6m soil wall. The heat storage per unit volume of F1, F2, F3 phase change material cement module is soil respectively. 10.2 times, 10.4 times and 11 times of the wall, the heat output per unit volume is respectively 15.6 times, 21.5 times and 26.4 times of the earth wall. Therefore, we applied the phase change material cement module to the solar greenhouse on a large scale. The total area accounts for about half of the wall area. The results show that the phase change material wall absorbs a large amount of excess heat inside the greenhouse during the day on a sunny day in summer. F1 The wall absorbs a total of 35 614.8 kJ of heat, the F2 wall absorbs a total of 72 788.4 kJ, and the F3 wall absorbs a total of 57 153.6 kJ; the three absorb a total of 165 556.8 kJ and 30 brides emit 20 292.0 kJ at night; In sunny weather in winter, PCM wall absorbs heat in the daytime, and the three absorb a total of 203 158.2 kJ, and release a large amount of heat at night. F1 wall releases a total of 36 442.8kJ, F2 wall 49 993.2kJ, and F3 wall 51 333 kJ. The three emit a total of 137 769kJ of heat at night. The application of PCMs to sunlight greenhouses, with the aid of natural ventilation measures in summer, can efficiently absorb a lot of heat to avoid the temperature peak and release a lot of heat in winter for high night temperature. This finding can provide new ideas and solutions to improve the environment and temperature in a greenhouse.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Storage (materials)
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Digital storage - Greenhouses - Heat storage - Phase change materials - Soil cement - Soils - Solar heating - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Heat accumulation - ITS applications - Natural ventilation - Phase change material wall - Release performance - Solar greenhouse - Temperature peaks - Winter conditions
Classification code:412 Concrete - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 643.5 Ventilation - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Energy 5.13e+07J, Energy 5.57e+05J, Energy 6.15e+05J, Energy 7.88e+05J, Energy 9.10e+05J, Energy 9.93e+05J, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Size 6.00e-01m, Energy 1.38e+08J, Energy 1.58e+05J, Energy 2.87e+05J, Energy 2.92e+05J, Energy 4.43e+05J
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20212710577646
Title:Experiment on energy consumption of Ginkgo biloba medicine residue for preparing pellet fuel
Title of translation:银杏叶药渣用于制备颗粒燃料的工艺能耗试验
Authors:Chen, Kunjie (1); Xie, Yilin (1); Gao, Qi (2); Wang, Jun (2); Zhu, Baozhong (2); Ben, Zongyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) SPH Xing Ling Sci. & Tech. Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai; 201703, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:199-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The purpose of this study is to reduce the energy consumption in the process of biomass pellet fuel from medicine residues of ginkgo biloba. The main processing links of biomass pellet fuel included the drying, pulverization, and granulation molding. The unit energy consumption in each procedure during processing was evaluated using the physical experiments. First, the medicine residue of ginkgo biloba was dried at a constant temperature of 60-120 ℃ hot air to a moisture content of 20%. An evaluation was performed on the influence of different drying temperatures on the drying energy consumption. Then, orthogonal experiments were utilized to consider the effect of moisture content, screen aperture, and spindle speed on the unit energy consumption of pulverizing. A systematic analysis was also made on the effect of moisture content and particle size on the energy consumption during granulation and molding. Finally, the optimal conditions of process parameters were determined to fabricate the biomass pellet fuel using medicine residues of ginkgo biloba. A specific ratio was defined as the calorific value of produced pellet fuel to the total processing energy consumption. The test results showed that the unit drying energy consumption was the lowest at a drying temperature of 110 ℃. In pulverizing, the unit energy consumption was the lowest under the conditions that the moisture content of raw material was 13%, the screen aperture was 4mm, and the spindle speed of pulverizer was 4 550 r/min. In granulation molding, the unit energy consumption was the lowest, when the particle size was 4 mm, while the moisture content of raw material was 16%. Considering the specific ratio, the optimal process parameters to prepare the biomass pellet fuel from medicine residue of ginkgo biloba were as follows: the drying temperature was 110 ℃, the moisture content of raw material was 16%, the screen aperture was 3 mm, and the spindle speed of the pulverizer was 4 550 r/min. Under this processing condition, the total energy consumption per unit was 4 478.3 kJ/kg, and the unit calorific value of the produced pellet fuel was 17 352.4 kJ/kg, indicating well matching to the national technical standards for biomass solid briquette fuel.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Biomass - Briquets - Calorific value - Energy utilization - Fuels - Granulation - Moisture - Moisture determination - Molding - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pelletizing
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass pellet fuels - Constant temperature - Drying energy consumption - Orthogonal experiment - Physical experiments - Processing condition - Technical standards - Total energy consumption
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Rotational_Speed 4.55e+03RPM, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-03m, Specific_Energy 3.52e+05J/kg, Specific_Energy 4.78e+05J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20212710577724
Title:Parcel-based crop distribution extraction using the spatiotemporal collaboration of remote sensing data
Title of translation:时空协同的地块尺度作物分布遥感提取
Authors:Yang, Yingpin (1); Wu, Zhifeng (1, 2); Luo, Jiancheng (3, 4); Huang, Qiting (5); Zhang, Dongyun (3, 4); Wu, Tianjun (6); Sun, Yingwei (7); Cao, Zheng (1); Dong, Wen (3); Liu, Wei (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou; 510006, China; (2) Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou; 511458, China; (3) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (5) Agricultural Science and Technology Information Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning; 530007, China; (6) School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710064, China; (7) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zhifeng(gzuwzf@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:166-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Parcel-based crop distribution is paramount to quantify changes in ecological systems and improve management strategies in precision agriculture. Specifically, the obtained location and boundary of farmland together with crop types can contribute to the specific payment of planting subsidies and resource survey. Multi-source high-spatial and temporal resolution satellite images can provide an effective way to realize parcel-based crop mapping. However, some deficiencies still remain inthe extraction of farmland parcels and construction of spatiotemporal features. In this present study, a novel model was constructed to implement a parcel-based classification of crops by collaborating satellite data with high-spatial and temporal resolution. Four steps were included in a parcel-based crop mapping: 1) A D-LinkNet deep learning model was selected to extract the parcels from the 0.6m high-spatial-resolution Google Earth images; 2) Time series data set was constructed for each parcel using multi-source observations from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite, where the tiles with high cloud cover were removed from the images; 3) A weighted Double-Logistic fitting was utilized to reconstruct the parcel-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series for the extraction of phenological parameters, such as the duration of the growth cycle, the time of growth starting and ending, and spectral indexes were calculated from Landsat8 and Sentinel-2 multi-spectral data; 4) A Mean Decrease Accuracy (MDA) indicator was used to estimate the feature importance. A field experiment was also conducted to collect the data of crop types for the training of random forest classification model in a parcel-based crop mapping. The Fusui County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China was taken as the study area. There was a relatively complex planting structure in the study area.It was cloudy and rainy with the rainfall days of about 130-220 d, as well as the diverse and complex topography. The dominated crops included sugarcane, paddy rice, banana, and orange. The results showed that the farmland parcels were well extracted by the D-LinkNet deep learning model, with an edge accuracy of 84.54% and a produce accuracy of 83.06%, compared with the conventional multi-scale segmentation. Phenological features were extracted from the reconstructed NDVI time series of the parcels. The NDVI of sugarcane and paddy rice first increased and then decreased significantly. The growth season of sugarcanes started from March to the following March. In addition, the growth season of paddy rice lasted for about 3-4 months, in which there was the most intense change in the NDVI time series. There was a relatively steady state in the reconstructed NDVI time series of evergreen eucalyptus and orange in the whole year. The eucalyptus with high vegetation cover showed high NDVI values during the observation period. The MDA indicator demonstrated that the images captured in summer and autumn were better for the crop classification in the study area. A best performance of classification was achieved to combine the phenological and spectral features. The overall accuracy reached 88%, and the accuracy of sugarcane reached over 95% in the study areas. The crop mapping indicated that sugarcane was spatially distributed around the whole study area, including plain and mountainous areas. The planting area of sugarcane accounted for nearly 70%, orange for 18.06%, and paddy rice for 7.12% of farmland. Furthermore, the paddy rice was mostly distributed near the settlement places. Consequently, the study successfully extractedphenological features by using Landsat8 and Sentinel-2 multi-source observations, and verified the importance of phenological features in the parcel-based crop mapping. The finding can provide a series of practical schemes to acquire parcel-based cropdistribution.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Data mining
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Citrus fruits - Crops - Decision trees - Deep learning - Extraction - Farms - Learning systems - Photomapping - Remote sensing - Satellites - Time series - Topography - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Complex topographies - High spatial resolution - Management strategies - Multiscale segmentation - Normalized difference vegetation index time series - Random forest classification - Spatial and temporal resolutions - Spatio temporal features
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 655.2 Satellites - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.50e-01yr to 3.33e-01yr, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.12e+00%, Percentage 8.31e+01%, Percentage 8.45e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20212710577669
Title:Comparison of the simulation effects of summer maize phenology derived from hourly and daily time step thermal units
Title of translation:小时和日步长热时对夏玉米生育期模拟的影响
Authors:Yu, Weidong (1, 2); Feng, Liping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Safeguard and Applied Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Liping(fenglp@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:131-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Thermal-unit accumulation is commonly used to simulate crop phenology, because the crop growth rate depends mainly on the temperature in farmland. However, there is a great difference of thermal units that are derived from hourly and daily temperature, due to the diurnal variation of temperature. Therefore, this study aims to compare the simulation effects of two thermal units on crop phenology. The phenological data of summer maize and hourly temperature at four sites were collected from Zhengzhou, Nanyang, Huojia, and Huangfanqu Farm. The field experimental data in Zhengzhou ranged from 2005 to 2018, while the data at other sites was accessible for a period from 2012 to 2013. Three models of crop phenological rate in response to temperature were selected to simulate summer maize phenology, including linear, logistic, and Wang-Engel (WE) model. Subsequently, three cardinal temperatures of summer maize (the base, optimum, and the maximum temperature), the accumulations of the Hourly Thermal Units (HTU), and Daily Thermal Units (DTU) were calculated in different phenological stages. The effects of two thermal units on summer maize phenology were compared for different models and phenological stages, including emergency, jointing, flowering, and maturity stage. Specifically, the model performance was evaluated using statistical indicators, such as variable coefficient, the difference between maximum and minimum (R<inf>g</inf>), absolute root mean squared error (RMSE), normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE), and absolute bias (ABS) between simulated and measured values. The statistical indicators in phenological stages were also compared in the daily and hourly thermal units. The results showed that the DTU of the three models were all greater than HTU during the growing stage of summer maize, due directly to the diurnal variation of temperature. The maximum daily difference between DTU and HTU reached 9.7℃•d (Linear model), 9.1℃• d (Logistic model), and 7.4℃•d (WE model), respectively, when the daily average temperature was close to the optimum temperature for crop growth. Moreover, the correlation between HTU and DTU was the strongest in WE model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.927), followed by the logistic model (R <sup> 2</sup> = 0.816), and the linear model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.738). The mean variable coefficient of HTU accumulation was 0.4%, smaller than those of DTU accumulation over the whole phenological period, indicating that HTU had higher stability than DTU. Furthermore, the DTU accumulation in the linear model was significantly greater (P<0.05) than HTU accumulation at jointing and flowing stages, while the DTU accumulation in the Logistic model was also greater (P<0.05) than HTU accumulation at jointing, flowing, and maturity stages. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference between DTU and HTU accumulation at each phenological stage in the WE model. The simulation of both DTU and HTU showed higher accuracy in the WE model than that in the Logistic model, followed by the linear model at phenological stages and intervals. The accuracies of three temperature models varied in the crop phenology with the root mean square error of 3.7 d, 3.9 d, and 5.1 d, and the NRMSE of 1.66%, 1.77% and 2.50% in the WE, Logistic and Linear models, respectively. In the term of accuracy differences at phenological intervals, the RMSE was 3.1, 3.3, and 3.9 d, and the normalized the root mean square error was 14.34%, 14.66%, and 17.74% in the WE, Logistic and Linear models, respectively. With the same temperature model, the differences between DTU and HTU accumulation were no more than 1d at a phenological stage, and 2 d in the phenological interval. The data demonstrated that there was little difference in thermal unit accumulation derived from hourly temperature and daily temperature for summer maize. Namely, there was no significant improvement in simulation accuracy of phenological stages with shorter time steps in HTU.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Mean square error
Controlled terms:Biology - Crops - Errors
Uncontrolled terms:Maximum temperature - Optimum temperature - Root mean square errors - Root mean squared errors - Simulation accuracy - Statistical indicators - Temperature modeling - Variable coefficients
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 1.66e+00%, Percentage 1.77e+00%, Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 4.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20212710577684
Title:Multi-time scale coordinated optimal energy dispatch of grid-connected microgrid using VMD-MPC
Title of translation:基于VMD-MPC法的并网型微电网多时间尺度能量协调优化调度
Authors:Zhao, Fengzhan (1); Zhang, Qicheng (1); Zhang, Yu (2); Du, Songhuai (1); Hao, Shuai (1); Su, Juan (1); Zhao, Tingting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Grid Beijing Electronic Power Company, Beijing; 100031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:190-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Distributed Photovoltaic (PV) is ever increasing in the power grid, as the current PV generation rapidly developed. However, it is difficult to directly coordinate the PV into the conventional power grid, due mainly to the intermittent and uncertain nature of PV power generation. As such, there is a great impact on the power flow of a system, particularly the volatility and uncertainty of the output and load demands of Distributed Generation (DG) power in grid-connected microgrids. A friendly way is widely expected that the PV can access the distribution network in the form of a microgrid for the enhanced DG absorption capacity. It is highly urgent to reduce the impact of such volatility and randomness on the energy transmission between microgrids and distribution networks. In this study, a multi-time scale coordinated optimization was performed on energy scheduling strategies using a Variational Modal Decommission-Model Predictive Control (VMD-MPC). Specifically, an MPC was a sort of optimal control with a closed-loop over a finite time domain, suitable for the nonlinear, time-varying, and uncertainty of the system. There was no differentiation scheduling on the forecast of PV power for each Controllable Micropower (CMS)in the microgrid operation because the load was directly applied in the previous multiple-time scale scheduling using MPC optimization. Consequently, some CMS (such as a Lead-Acid Battery, LAB) was run in a short time, high strength, and energy scheduling, whereas, some CMS (such as a Super Capacitor, SC) was only for a long and slow energy scheduling. Thus, the operating characteristics of CMS in different time scales should be considered in the optimization of scheduling. A VMD was utilized to acquire the different loads and subsequence in the PV series of frequency scales, thereby achieving the multiple coordinated optimization scheduling CMS models in different time scales. The scheduling model included a longtime scale of 1 hour and 15 min interval time for a short scale. Dispatching LAB, Micro gas Turbine (MT), and small Biomass Generator (BPG) were usually responded to the signals of a long-time scale. Scheduling SC, MT and BPG were responded to the signals of a short-time scale. The final scheduling was achieved for each CMS to realize the differentiated optimal processing of signals on different time scales, where the calculated values of each model were summed up. Then a feedback correction model was constructed to form a closed-loop control using the day-ahead scheduling, where the difference between the ultra-short-term forecast within the day and the day-ahead forecast was taken as the disturbance input, while the current operating state of the system was taken as the parameter, and the power increment of each CMS was taken as the control variable. The feedback correction effectively enhanced the robustness, while reduced the impact of the system that resulted from the uncertainty of load and PV output. As such, the optimal energy scheduling strategy effectively coordinated the grid-connected microgrids with multiple micro power sources and time scales. Taking a PV microgrid in North China as an example, an MATLAB software was used to simulate and verify the model, indicating optimal scheduling. Better feasibility, effectiveness, and economy of strategy were achieved from the perspectives of power scheduling and operating cost, compared with the traditional active power and MPC multi-time scale scheduling strategy. Accordingly, this finding can provide a practical and effective technical approach for high-permeability microgrids in energy trading under the environment of multiple renewable energy consumption and electricity market.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Electric load dispatching
Controlled terms:Closed loop control systems - Electric load flow - Electric power transmission - Electric power transmission networks - Energy utilization - Feedback - Forecasting - Lead acid batteries - MATLAB - Microgrids - Model predictive control - Photovoltaic cells - Power markets - Predictive control systems - Scheduling - Solar power generation - Time measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Coordinated optimization - Day-ahead scheduling - Feed-back correction - Microgrid operations - Operating characteristics - Renewable energy consumption - Scheduling strategies - Short-term forecasts
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 615.2 Solar Power - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 731.1 Control Systems - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Time 3.60e+03s, Time 9.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20212710577676
Title:Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality traits of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang Region of China
Title of translation:新疆地方品种梨果实品质性状综合评价
Authors:Zari, Muhtar (1, 2, 3); Yakup, Abduxukur (1, 2, 3); Ablat, Mahmut (1, 2, 3); Kakix, Gulmira (1, 2, 3); Esah, Kadir (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Economic Forestry, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi; 830063, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Forest Resources and Utilization in Xinjiang of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Urumqi; 830020, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Fruit Tree Species Breeding and Cultivation in Xinjiang, Urumqi; 830054, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:278-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Xinjiang Autonomous Region has been the main pear producing area in China, due to the unique climate conditions. The types and tastes of local pear cultivars have brought rich germplasm resources to maintain the genetic diversity of pear under the climatic changes and the evolving demand of a market. A Pyrus sinkiangensis Yü belonging to Pomaceae of Rosaceae is the major component of oriental pears. However, a simplex pear variety has become an increasingly prominent issue in recent years. In particular, Korla fragrant pear with relatively concentrated market time cannot meet the ever-increasing high demand for diversified pear variety. Therefore, it is necessary to breed local pear varieties with different maturity, diversified taste, and individualization for better sustainable development of characteristic forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang. In this study, a quality evaluation model was established for 8 types of local pear cultivars using factor analysis. Eight types of test materials included 'Piqan red pear', 'Piqanjujula', 'Piqanpock marked yellow pear', 'late-maturing tax pear', 'Piqan early-maturing jujula', 'Nogay pear', 'Yaglik pear', and 'Kuqajujula'. 14 internal and external indexes of fruit quality were selected to determine the comprehensive quality score. The results showed that there were great differences in the variation coefficient of 14 fruit quality indexes in 8 types of local pear cultivars, where the maximum variation coefficient was the color difference value a* (red-green difference) of 225.40%. There were the medium variation coefficients of single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit core weight, color difference value L*, fruit hardness, total acid content, and sugar-acid ratio, ranging from 20.0% to 45.0%. Furthermore, relatively small variation coefficients (<20.0%) were found in the rest of the fruit quality indexes. There were also different levels of correlation among the fruit quality indexes. Additionally, a factor analysis was utilized to extract four common factors with eigenvalues greater than 1, where the cumulative variance contribution rate was 88.90%. Specifically, the contribution rate of the first common factor was 31.15%, which was mainly determined by the fruit longitudinal diameter, single fruit weight, fruit core weight, fruit transverse diameter, and fruit shape index, indicating the fruit size, core size, and fruit shape. The contribution rate of the second common factor was 23.31%, which was determined by the sugar-acid ratio, fruit firmness, sugar content, and total acid content, indicating the taste quality and the strength of transportation. The third common factor accounted for 18.29%, which was determined by the color difference value L*, a*, and b*, representing the color difference level of the fruit surface. The contribution rate of the fourth common factor was 16.15%, which was determined by the edible rate and the length of the fruit stalk, reflecting the size of the edible part and the wind resistance of the fruit. An excellent level order of 8 local pear cultivars was achieved in the quality evaluation model: 'Nogay pear', 'Yaglik pear', 'Kuqajujula', 'Piqanpock marked yellow pear', 'Piqanjujula', 'Piqan red pear', 'Piqan early-maturing jujula', and 'late-maturing tax pear'. The results provide reference for rational application and scientific popularization of local pear cultivars in Xinjiang.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Color - Colorimetry - Commerce - Conservation - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Factor analysis - Multivariant analysis - Plants (botany) - Quality assurance - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Climate condition - Color difference values - Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive qualities - Genetic diversity - Maximum variations - Quality evaluation models - Variation coefficient
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 4.50e+01%, Percentage 2.25e+02%, Percentage 2.33e+01%, Percentage 3.11e+01%, Percentage 8.89e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20212710577606
Title:Spatial layout optimization of basic farmland considering food security and cultivated land quality at county scale
Title of translation:考虑粮食安全和耕地质量的县域基本农田空间布局优化
Authors:Guo, Guancheng (1); Han, Xiao'er (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:252-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An optimal delimitation of basic farmland needs to consider the food security and cultivated land quality in modern agriculture. Taking Zhecheng County, Henan Province of China as an example, this study aims to determine an optimal construction space of basic farmland from bottom to top, considering national food security and population development. The specific procedure was: 1) A combined gray-BP network model was adopted to predict the population and cultivated land demand in the study area from 1999 to 2025; 2) The population from 1999 to 2025 was used to calculate the food demand and security rate via a specific conversion. Six major ways of food consumption were selected to analyze the capacity for food security of the County; 3) An evaluation system of farmland quality was established to select the indicators from production conditions, location, landscape, and policy conditions. A quantitative analysis was performed on the indicators with geographic information technology and weighted index summation model for comprehensive quality scores of cultivated land; 4) A specific planning of construction land was proposed to fully integrate the quality evaluation of cultivated land into the current food security expectations and cultivated land demand. Consequently, the cultivated land was divided into the Food Security Protection Zone, Food Security Buffer Zone, Town Development Planning Zone, and Comprehensive Land Improvement Zone. The results indicated: 1) The County was in food-shortage from 1990 to 2005, but in food surplus from 2005 to 2019. Although food security was generally achieved, the risk of "hidden hunger" still existed from the perspective of food consumption structure; 2) The comprehensive quality score of cultivated land ranged from 29.57 to 92.87, with an average value of 59.53, indicating relatively good comprehensive quality. 3) The cultivated land quality in the food security protection zone was relatively high, where it was recommended to be included into the basic farmland. Meanwhile, the cultivated land quality in the Food Security Buffer Zone was relatively weak but with single limited factors, where it was advised to be also included into the basic farmland that required short-term land consolidation for the better quality of cultivated land. Given that the Town Development Planning Zone surrounded the town center in a ring layout and quality of cultivated land, it was suggested to be used for urban construction land. The direction of urban development was addressed to prevent the destruction of high-quality cultivated land. The comprehensive land improvement zone was taken as an alternative area for basic farmland, due to the scattered spatial distribution and weak land quality. It also needs to identify the obstacle factors for better land productivity using long-term comprehensive land remediation. These recommendations can make a great contribution to the protection of cultivated land, urban development, and comprehensive land consolidation. The integrated delimitation of basic farmland with food security can avoid the drawbacks of simplex delimitation in the dynamic evolution of basic farmland delimitation. The finding can provide a sound technical reference to the long-term stability of national food security and revitalization of cultivated land resources.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Farms - Food supply - Land use - National security - Remediation - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive qualities - Cultivated land qualities - Development planning - Geographic information technologies - Land consolidations - Modern agricultures - Optimal construction - Spatial layout optimizations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 404.1 Military Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20212710577729
Title:Design and experiment of the non-continuous anti-icing surface for refrigeration equipment
Title of translation:冷藏设备防除冰表面非连续特征设计与试验
Authors:Chen, Yiying (1); Cong, Qian (1, 2); Ren, Luquan (1, 2); Jin, Jingfu (1); Chen, Tingkun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Tingkun(chentk@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:261-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Cold storage facility is widely expected to promote the development of agricultural and sideline products for better food quality in the evolving demand of a market. Meanwhile, a large amount of ice normally accumulates on the surface of cold storage equipment, such as the evaporator and heat exchanger, further deteriorating the operational performance of equipment and storage quality of products. Most anti/de-icing approaches have been developed to remove the accreted ice, including mechanical, heating, or chemical ways. These conventional anti-icing methods have caused high cost and energy consumption, even environmental pollution. Alternatively, a super hydrophobic surface presents the most potential anti-icing, but the durability and mechanical properties have been limited in the engineering field. A discontinuous circular coating of silicone rubber can be utilized to tailor the surface property of materials. However, there is a different phase transition time of attached water at different material surfaces, where the active anti-icing power is from the swelling force further to determine the ice adhesion strength. In this study, a feasible anti-icing model was proposed to change the continuity of substrate surface in a refrigerator. Silicone rubber with low thermal conductivity was coated at different locations on the substrate surface to modify the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The dimensional parameters of circular coated silicone rubber were determined to obtain the reduction rate of ice adhesion strength, such as the diameter, the center distance between the adjacent silicone rubbers, the duty cycle, and the thickness of coated silicone rubber. Meanwhile, an orthogonal rotation combination was used to design the experimental scheme. In addition, a self-developed device was utilized to measure the ice adhesion strength, further to calculate its reduction rate. The experimental results showed that the samples with different coating parameters on the surface had different reduction effects on ice adhesion strength. Furthermore, the non-continuous coating of silicone rubber on the sample surface significantly reduced the ice adhesion strength. Specifically, the reduction rate of ice adhesion strength on the aluminum alloy reached 52.38%, when the size of coated silicone rubber was 3.50 mm in diameter, 6.50 mm in center spacing, 8.50% in duty cycle, and 0.250 mm in coating thickness. The average reduction rate of ice adhesion strength on the aluminum alloy could reach 46.83%. And the maximum ice adhesion strength reduction rate was 52.38%. The variance analysis and Response Surface Method (RSM) were used to analyze the experimental data, and thus the mathematical regression models were established between the dimensional factors and the evaluation index. The significant influence on ice adhesion strength was determined in a descending order: center distance, duty ratio, thickness, and diameter of the coated silicone rubber. Phase change times depended mainly on the variation in continuous surface characteristics of the material at the various positions of attached water. In the post-icing area, the swelling stress rapidly generated to break the interfacial stability between the ice and coating, indicating an obvious reduction of ice adhesion strength. Therefore, a significant increase was achieved in the active anti-icing characteristics of the material for the further development of new anti-icing technology. This finding can provide new ideas for the subsequent research, particularly the effects of wettability and morphology of material surface on the ice adhesion strength. The anti/de-icing can also be expected to serve some engineering fields, including refrigeration, high-speed railway trains, and aircraft.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Agricultural robots - Aluminum alloys - Aluminum coatings - Bond strength (materials) - Cold storage - Digital storage - Durability - Electric insulators - Energy utilization - Food storage - Hydrophobicity - Morphology - Railroad plant and structures - Railroad transportation - Refrigeration - Regression analysis - Rubber - Silicone rubber - Silicones - Surface chemistry - Surface properties - Swelling - Thermal conductivity - Thickness measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Cold-storage facilities - Environmental pollutions - Interfacial stabilities - Low thermal conductivity - Operational performance - Refrigeration equipment - Response surface method - Super-hydrophobic surfaces
Classification code:433.1 Railroad Transportation, General - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 541.2 Aluminum Alloys - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 681.1 Railway Plant and Structures, General - 694.4 Storage - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 813.2 Coating Materials - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.68e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Size 2.50e-04m, Size 3.50e-03m, Size 6.50e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20212710577662
Title:Design and test of a portable detection instrument for pesticide residues on crop leaves
Title of translation:作物叶片表面农药残留的便携式检测仪器的设计与试验
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Tang, Baowen (1); Zhou, Xin (1); Yao, Kunshan (1); Hu, Shuangqi (1); Zhang, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:61-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Fluorescence has unique luminescence characteristics. The combination of excitation light and emission light can greatly reduce the interference of background signals and greatly improve the sensitivity of the detection system. Many scholars at home and abroad obtain the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of the analyte based on the principle of photoluminescence of fluorescent substances, and have developed miniaturized, low-cost dedicated instruments. However, the current portable instruments which focus on detecting pesticide residues in the solution system cannot realize directly detection pesticide residues on the surface of vegetable leaves. In this study, a feasible model for pesticide residues and fluorescence intensity on the leaf surface was proposed, and a portable detection instrument for pesticide residues on the leaf surface was designed by optimizing the light path structure to suppress the interference of stray light on the leaf surface. Firstly, the best excitation wavelength and best emission wavelength of acetamiprid pesticide in standard solution and three plant leaves were determined as 350 and 500 nm, respectively. An LED with a central wavelength of 350 nm and a maximum drive current of 100 mA was selected as the excitation light source, and a photodiode with a peak response range from 480 to 580 nm was used as the photoelectric detection device. A filter with a center wavelength of 500 nm was used to only let through the emission wavelength of the acetamiprid pesticide pass to reduce the interference of the secondary spectrum. Then the optimal parameters of the optical path are determined. The fluorescence experiments results showed that the fluorescence intensity excited by acetamiprid pesticide on the leaf surface was the highest when the light Angle was 45°. By calculating the optical path size, it was found that the illumination of the blade was the largest when the direct distance from the LED laser source to the blade was 4.89 cm and the vertical distance was 3.46 cm. In addition, in view of the diffuse reflection problem of the light source illuminating the surface of the blade, a diffuse reflection device was designed to achieve the maximum absorption of light energy. The control circuit, driving circuit and detection circuit were designed according to the requirement of weak fluorescence signal detection. A signal detection system was designed with STM32 chip as the main control chip to collect the voltage signal of the detection circuit, and the pesticide residue value was calculated according to the working curve of pesticide residue value. The PWM wave was output to modulate the LED light source and the difference between the frequency of detecting light and the frequency of ambient light can suppress the interference of ambient light to the light source. Then, SPI and I2C communication protocols were used to communicate with AD acquisition chip and OLED display screen to realize real-time detection of pesticide residues and real-time display of pesticide residues. Finally, the calibration equation was established and a portable detector was designed to detect pesticide residues. The measuring instrument was calibrated and tested.The determination coefficient of the calibration equation reached 0.875, and the root mean square error is 0.405 mg/L. The portable fluorescence spectrometer designed in this study can quickly, accurately and non-destructively detect pesticide residues on the surface of leaves, which provided a reference for the development of a more universal portable detection instrument.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pesticides
Controlled terms:Calibration - Detector circuits - Fluorescence - Light emitting diodes - Mean square error - Plants (botany) - Signal detection - Stray light
Uncontrolled terms:Detection instruments - Determination coefficients - Excitation light sources - Fluorescence intensities - Fluorescence spectrometers - Luminescence characteristics - Photoelectric detection - Root mean square errors
Classification code:713.3 Modulators, Demodulators, Limiters, Discriminators, Mixers - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 1.00e-01A, Mass_Density 4.05e-04kg/m3, Size 3.46e-02m, Size 3.50e-07m, Size 4.80e-07m to 5.80e-07m, Size 4.89e-02m, Size 5.00e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20212710577640
Title:Random forest classification of land use in hilly and mountaineous areas of southern China using multi-source remote sensing data
Title of translation:基于多源数据的南方丘陵山地土地利用随机森林分类
Authors:Li, Hengkai (1); Wang, Lijuan (1); Xiao, Songsong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Surveying and Mapping, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou; 341000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:244-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Land use has been critical to global environmental change and structure adjustment, particularly to the sustainable development of land resources. However, there are complex terrains, broken distribution of ground objects, as well as the cloudy and rainy weather in hilly and mountainous areas of southern China. High-resolution optical remote sensing data is still lacking for the effective and accurate extraction of land use information. Therefore, the use of multi-source remote sensing data can achieve complementary advantages between remote sensing data and classification accuracy. The Sentinel series of remote sensing satellites launched by the European Space Agency (ESA) can provide new data sources for land-use change research. Multi-dimensional features can be adopted for the land use classification using the Sentinel-2A with red edge characteristics and Sentinel-1 with the nearly fog-free performance. Taking the reaches of Dongjiang River in Jiangxi Province of China as the study area, 9 schemes were designed in the Random Forest (RF) classification of land use to explore the effect of red edge, radar and terrain features on the extracting accuracy in hilly and mountainous areas of South China. In this study, the satellite images from the Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and digital elevation model (DEM) were combined to extract 27 feature indices, and then to construct 6 feature variable sets. The RF and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) were coupled to rank the importance of feature variables for the optimal one. The classification data from the RF feature selection was compared with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). The results showed that the Sentinel-2A spectral features extraction presented the lowest overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of land use classification in the study area, when the feature variables were not optimized. The addition of red edge, radar and topographic features effectively improved the classification accuracy, when the spectral features, vegetation and water indices were taken as basic schemes. Specifically, the overall accuracy increased by 0.77, 1.79, and 4.27 percentage points, respectively, while, the Kappa coefficient increased by 0.94, 2.18, and 5.2 percentage points, respectively. The topographic features more contributed to the extraction of orchard and cultivated land information in the study area. The RF and recursive feature elimination were combined to optimize all the feature variables from 21 to 13 with an overall accuracy of 0.937 2 and Kappa coefficient of 0.923 4, while maintaining the optimal classification accuracy. There were relatively significant contribution rates of spectral and red edge features variables, which were 26.09% and 23.55%, respectively. The vegetation and topographic indices were then followed in the importance of feature variables. The RF classification depended mainly on the short infrared band of B12, Relative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RNDVI) and Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI).The overall accuracy of RF was 0.937 2, 5.75% and 6.6% higher than that of SVM and KNN, respectively, whereas, Kappa coefficient was 0.923 4, 7.1% and 8.15% higher than SVM and KNN, respectively, indicating that the RF classification accuracy was superior to SVM and KNN with the same features. Therefore, the RF classification using the multi-source data can provide a promising technical support and theoretical reference for the extraction of land use in the hilly and mountainous regions of South China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Data mining - Decision trees - Extraction - Forestry - Land use - Nearest neighbor search - Random forests - Remote sensing - Space optics - Space-based radar - Support vector machines - Surveying - Sustainable development - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Global environmental change - Hilly and mountainous areas - K nearest neighbor (KNN) - Normalized difference vegetation index - Optical remote sensing data - Random forest classification - Recursive feature elimination - Remote sensing satellites
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 656.1 Space Flight - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.36e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+01%, Percentage 5.75e+00%, Percentage 6.60e+00%, Percentage 7.10e+00%, Percentage 8.15e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20212710577723
Title:Crack porosity estimation model based on VG-PENG shrinkage characteristic curve and soil shrinkage anisotropy
Title of translation:基于VG-PENG收缩特征曲线与收缩各向异性的裂隙率估算模型
Authors:Wang, Ce (1); Zhang, Zhanyu (1, 2); Cao, Dejun (3); Chen, Yu (4); Qi, Wei (2); Ma, Liang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Nanjing Yangtze River Management Office, Nanjing; 210011, China; (4) Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing; 210029, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhanyu(zhanyu@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:112-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil shrinkage and cracking are essential behavior during dehydration in the environmental geotechnical engineering of farmland. Their quantification can be necessary to determine the soil physical-hydraulic parameters and crack preferential flow in soils. In the present study, a new predicting model was proposed for the crack ratio with respect to soil water content using a VG-based soil shrinkage characteristic curve and soil shrinkage anisotropy factor. The migration and transition of pores were also considered in the solid-liquid-gas phase system in soil matrix-subsidence-crack domains. This model included a VG-based soil shrinkage characteristic model, a shrinkage anisotropy model using a Logistic curve, and the soil cracking ratio model. An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate the soil shrinkage characteristics and cracking behavior. The crack ratio was determined using image processing techniques and morphological features. The experimental data was used to evaluate the fitting of a model for cracking ratio evolution. The results showed that the VG-based shrinkage model (VG-PENG model), three fitting parameters, and two estimated parameters, well predicted the soil shrinkage characteristics in various types of soils (R<sup>2</sup>>0.97, RMSE<0.04). The Logistic model was first introduced into the expression of soil shrinkage geometry, which was previously used to describe the growth principles under limited resources. Quantification of soil shrinkage anisotropy showed that the soil shrinkage was highly anisotropic. The soil shrinkage exhibited only subsidence with shrinkage geometric factor approximately equivalent to 1 in the early phase of the soil dehydration. The shrinkage showed mainly vertical subsidence with a light horizontal shrinkage (or cracking) in the middle phase, with shrinkage geometric factor varying between 1 and 3. The shrinkage geometry factor tended to be stabilized in the late phase, indicating a residual state of shrinkage. The anisotropic shrinkage with rapid change occurred in the relative water content of 0.3-0.7. The logistic shrinkage anisotropy model well predicted the shrinkage geometric factor with respect to the water content. A new model was also proposed to predict the evolution of crack ratio with respect to water content. The curve of the model showed sigmoid characteristics, depending highly on shrinkage properties and anisotropy. The simulated data showed better agreement with the experimental one, indicating an extremely significant level (R<sup>2</sup>=0.974, P<0.001). Since the water content within the soil layer was assumed evenly distributed, this model was considered to be appropriate in a relatively limited height of the soil layer. The evolution of crack ratio was predicted from a perspective view of soil physics rather than a mechanical view. Consequently, the soil shrinkage anisotropy was fully integrated into the modelling of the cracking ratio. A significant innovation was also made to apply the VG-type shrinkage characteristic curve to crack ratio prediction. The crack porosity prediction belonged to the field of soil physics to describe the evolution of cracking ratio using the shrinkage curve and geometry factor. The proposed model well predicted the cracking ratio in surface soils with high accuracy and convenience. A further investigation was also needed to explore the efficacy of the crack ratio model on undisturbed soils, and the effects of substrate properties on cracking behaviors. The research can provide a promising theoretical basis and parameter prediction for soil water-solute movement in soils with variable-solid phase and preferential flow in soil physics and hydrology.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Shrinkage
Controlled terms:Anisotropy - Behavioral research - Cracks - Dehydration - Fits and tolerances - Forecasting - Geometry - Geotechnical engineering - Groundwater flow - Image processing - Liquefied gases - Porosity - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Subsidence
Uncontrolled terms:Anisotropic shrinkage - Environmental geotechnical engineerings - Image processing technique - Morphological features - Porosity predictions - Relative water content - Shrinkage characteristic - Substrate properties
Classification code:409 Civil Engineering, General - 444.2 Groundwater - 481 Geology and Geophysics - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 921 Mathematics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20212710577694
Title:Effects of combined inoculation microbes on soil dynamic improvement in coal mining subsidence areas
Title of translation:干旱半干旱煤矿区联合接菌对土壤改良动态生态效应
Authors:Bi, Yinli (1, 2); Jiang, Bin (2); Qin, Fangling (3); Wang, Zhuoyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mine Ecological Environment Restoration of West China, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China; (2) Institute of Mine Ecological Environment Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technologies in Oil and Gas Field, Xi'an; 710065, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:85-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Deterioration of soil structure has posed a great threat to the farmland and vegetation in ecological and environmental development in large subsided lands, due mainly to excessive coal mining for rapid economic growth in China in recent years. This study aims to accurately and comprehensively evaluate the effects of microorganisms-plants-soil interactions on the soil restoration of damaged ecology caused by coal mining in arid and semi-arid areas. In-situ monitoring was performed on an Amorpha fruticosa L. inoculated by different microorganisms in the coal-mining subsidence area of Daliuta in Shandong Province of eastern China. A systematic evaluation was made on the dynamic ecological effects of inoculated microorganisms (such as mycorrhizal fungi, phosphate solubilizing bacteria or simultaneous inoculation of microorganisms) treatments on the plant growth (plant height and crown width), mycorrhizal effect (mycorrhizal infection rate and hypha density), soil nutrients and properties, the leaf nutrients, and plant resistance under different growth seasons after four years of reclamation in the mining area. A dynamic ecological mechanism of microorganisms was also elucidated in the process of vegetation reclamation in arid and semi-arid coal mine areas. Compared with no inoculation, the inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, and Bacillus megaterium significantly increased the plant height and crown width of A. fruticosa, as well as the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of A. fruticosa leaves. The reabsorption of leaves and stress resistance of A. fruticosa were also improved remarkably, due possibly to the reduction of relative electrical conductivity and the increase in the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar in the leaves. The soil pH and electrical conductivity were significantly reduced, with an obvious increase in the content of easy-to-extract Glomus (EE-GRSP), total-extract Glomus (T-GRSP), organic carbon, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of the rhizosphere soil. There was a significant synergistic effect of inoculation treatments on the growth of A. fruticosa, mycorrhizal infection rate, soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, EEG and TG content, with the extension of reclamation time. Furthermore, simultaneous inoculation of Funneliformis mosseae and phosphate-dissolving bacteria played a positive role in the plant growth and mycorrhizal effect of A. fruticosa, plant nutrients, and soil stress resistance in arid and semi-arid coal mining areas after 4 years of ecological reclamation. Mycorrhizal fungi were inoculated in the subsided land to maintain sustainable ecological effects. Nevertheless, there was a significant increase in the plant survival/growth rate with a sharp decrease in the nutrient of plant rhizosphere after reclamation about two years. Until four years reclamation, the mycorrhizal fungi with informed hyphal nets contributed to increasing population diversity and absorbing more nutrition from far away space. In natural or managed soil ecosystems, the shifts in the diversity and community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) assemblages over space and time were associated with the plant community succession, anthropogenic activities, and changes in environmental conditions. Such interactions included the mutualistic associations between most vascular plants and their below-ground mycorrhizal symbionts. In any way, the interaction between plant, soil, and mycorrhizal fungi can provide a potential theoretical and practical reference to the restoration of ecological functions and processes in disturbed soil ecosystems, such as post-mining subsided areas.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Bacteria
Controlled terms:Association reactions - Bacteriology - Coal - Coal industry - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Cutting machines (mining) - Deterioration - Economics - Ecosystems - Electric conductivity - Forestry - Fungi - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Organic carbon - Phosphorus - Potassium - Reclamation - Restoration - Soil mechanics - Soils - Subsidence - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Anthropogenic activity - Arid and semi-arid areas - Coal mining subsidences - Electrical conductivity - Environmental conditions - Environmental development - Phosphate solubilizing bacteria - Relative electrical conductivities
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20212710577714
Title:Development and experiments of cotton moisture regain measurement using near-infrared method
Title of translation:基于近红外法的棉花回潮率测量系统研制与试验
Authors:Chen, Yajun (1); Yang, Shuhan (1); Shi, Shuwei (2); Zhao, Bo (3); Wu, Tingrong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Information and Science, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Zhengzhou Cotton & Jute Engineering Technology and Design Research Institute, Zhengzhou; 451162, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:158-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Moisture regain of cotton has posed a great challenge on the quality of products in the whole processing links of cotton industry. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately measure the moisture regain of cotton. Most measurements of cotton moisture are contact detection in the field of online cotton processing, particularly requiring additional auxiliary devices. However, the current contact mode in the moisture measurement cannot realize fast online detection at a highly demanding speed. In this study, a non-contact measurement was proposed using near-infrared spectroscopy, and an experimental test was also conducted to investigate the influencing factors and feasibility in the measurement of cotton moisture regain. The specific sample collection was set to ensure that the moisture regain of cotton samples covered the moisture regain under natural conditions. Six cotton samples were prepared with the moisture regain levels of 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, and 16%. Three measurements were selected to compare, including the most widely-used resistance-based, the newly proposed infrared-based, and the standard oven measurement. Two influencing factors were first explored in the infrared measurement, such as the detection distance and sample density. The reason was that different deformation capabilities were found in the cotton fibers with various moisture content when the infrared measurement was performed. The cotton samples under the same moisture regain level were regarded as a batch of cotton samples, where the dispersion degree of infrared measured values in the same batch of cotton samples was obtained under the various measuring distance and sample density. The experimental results show that there was great variation in the measuring distance, but the sample density had little effect on the measurement. The data range under different measurement distances was within 0.6%, with a standard deviation of 0.134%. The data range under different densities was about 0.5%, with the standard deviation of 0.15%, under the condition that there was no gap on the surface of visually inspected cotton sample, and no light leakage. The measuring error met the accuracy requirements of online processing for moisture regain. A feasibility verification was also performed for the infrared measurement. In correlation analysis, the data regression was proposed to achieve a more accurate measurement of cotton moisture regain, where the correlation coefficient of the calibration model was 0.978. A host computer software was also designed using Modbus communication protocol, where the calibration model was utilized to measure the moisture regain after calibration by oven data. It was found that the infrared measurement model using fitting calibration more accurately realized the online monitoring the cotton moisture regain. In cotton samples with the moisture regain of 5% to 15%, the measuring error less than 10%, with a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 0.12%, indicating a better prediction. Between 10% and 15%, the moisture regain increased slightly when the measurement error was low, where the minimum was 0.10%, and the maximum was 0.46%. The accuracy of calibration value in cotton moisture regain was reduced when the moisture regain level was close to 15%. The measurement error was expected to be less than 0.5%in the level of moisture regain. Therefore, the proposed near-infrared-based non-contact system was feasible for measuring cotton moisture regain, indicating high efficiency and sufficient real-time performance in cotton production.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Regain
Controlled terms:Cotton - Data visualization - Infrared devices - Measurement errors - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Near infrared spectroscopy - Ovens - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate measurement - Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - Deformation capability - Infrared measurements - Moisture Measurement - Noncontact measurements - Real time performance
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 819.3 Fiber Chemistry and Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.20e-01%, Percentage 1.34e-01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.50e-01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 4.60e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 1.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e-01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20212710577689
Title:Cylinder space segmentation method for field crop population using 3D point cloud
Title of translation:田间作物群体三维点云柱体空间分割方法
Authors:Lin, Chengda (1); Han, Jing (1); Xie, Liangyi (1); Hu, Fangzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:175-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A new phenotype of crop population depends mainly on the internal genetic change of plants with environment, thereby determining new varieties of crops in farmland. A three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology can provide a rapid acquisition for the accurate phenotypic data of crops, compared with some traditional time-consuming and destructive measurements. However, field high-throughput phenotypic acquisition is still a major bottleneck limiting crop improvement and precision agriculture. It is also necessary to automatically acquire phenotypic traits throughout the growth cycle of crops and further to obtain target parameters with high accuracy. In this study, a cylinder space clustering segmentation was proposed for a highly efficient extraction on complete phenotypic parameters of a single plant in field crop population using a 3D point cloud. Field experiments were carried out at the Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China in 2019. Flowering rapeseed, seedling corn, and flowering cotton were selected as the research objects. The experimental procedure was: 1)A 3D laser scanner(FARO FocusS SeriesS 70) was used to collect high-precision point cloud data of field corn, rapeseed and cotton. Multiple sites were set around the experimental field for high accuracy information about the target. The measuring sites of rapeseed field were laid in the four corners and the middle of the long side of a sample plot. Four corners of a sample plot were selected to measure in corn and cotton field. Two groups of point cloud data were collected at different heights in the same measuring site. Each position was scanned once, and each scanning took 10 min. At least 3 target balls were placed in the test area as the registration basis, thereby preparing for the registration of point cloud data collected by subsequent test stations.2) The crop target was then extracted from the massive point cloud, including registration, denoising, data extraction, and simplification. The point cloud registration was completed using a target ball. The noise points were eliminated using dark scan point, outlier, and edge artifact filter. A Hue Saturation Intensity(HSI) color model was utilized to extract crop group target, according to the difference between crop and soil color. Curvature sampling was selected to realize point cloud simplification. 3)A pass-through filter was used to extract the stem point clouds at a certain height, whereas, the leaf point clouds were removed according to the difference of normal vectors. Conditional Euclidian distance was selected to extract the cluster center point of each plant using stem point cloud. A cylinder spatial model with the center point was also established to segment the point cloud of each plant. The column radius and height were set according to the row spacing and growth of specific crops in farmland. The segmentation accuracies of corn, rapeseed, and cotton were 90.12%, 96.63%, and 100%, respectively. The accuracy increased by 36.42, 61.80 and 82.69 percentage points, respectively, while the running time shortened to to 9.98%, 16.40% and 9.04%, compared with the conventional clustering segmentation. As such, better applicability, feasibility, and universality were achieved to effectively segment and extract all three types of individual plants from crops in dense fields, compared with previous region growth. Therefore, the segmentation and recognition of a single plant in crop population can provide a promising technical approach for the accurate, rapid, and non-destructive measurement of phenotypic information of individual crop in the field.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cotton - Cylinders (shapes) - Extraction - Farms - Laser applications - Oilseeds - Plant extracts - Scanning
Uncontrolled terms:Conventional clustering - Destructive measurements - Experimental procedure - Laser scanning technology - Non-destructive measurement - Point cloud registration - Point cloud simplifications - Threedimensional (3-d)
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 744.9 Laser Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 9.01e+01%, Percentage 9.04e+00%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Percentage 9.98e+00%, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20212710577725
Title:Design and experiment on crab ecological culture system using internal circulation and self-purification in a pond
Title of translation:基于塘内循环自净的河蟹生态养殖系统设计与试验
Authors:Chen, Leilei (1); Du, Zhou (1); Hu, Qingsong (1); Huang, Chun (2); Li, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Shanghai Baodao Crab Company Limited, Shanghai; 202150, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Qingsong(qshu@shou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:227-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab) is one of the most important freshwater aquaculture species in China. Pond farming has widely been applied in several Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture modes. In this study, an improved Eriocheir sinensis, logical aquaculture system was proposed for better purification ability of pond water using the core technology of internal circulating and self-purification. Soft barricading was utilized to divide the aquaculture pond into two relatively independent functional areas, including the aquiculture and water self-purification areas. The specific procedure was as follows. 1) The air lifting and water pushing and jet device were designed to serve as the power source of water circulation in the aquiculture area. The air lifting and water pushing device pushed the water from the water self-purification to the aquiculture area, where the content of dissolved oxygen improved with a relatively low fluctuation of water temperature in the pond. The jet device created microfluidics in the dead corner of a pond or the area with dense aquatic plants. 2) The water self-purification area was designed to serve as the water circulation reverse-flow system, aiming at suspended solid filtration, physical absorption, sterilization, and water cooling in the backflow of internal circulation. 3) A field test was carried out in the Shanghai Baodao Crab Company to evaluate the ecological aquaculture system. The test pond with an area of 9 600 m<sup>2</sup> was located at 31°74'N, 121°23'E. Two parts of a pond were divided into an ecological aquaculture system, including the aquiculture area of 8 644 m<sup>2</sup> and the water self-purification area of 956 m<sup>2</sup>. The results were showed as following: 1) The flow rate of each air lifting and water pushing device was tested to be 187 m<sup>3</sup>/h. The pond water was exchanged more than twice a day. 2) The standard deviation of temperature fluctuation was lower than that of the traditional mode. The average value for equilibrium degree of water temperature was 0.893, 10.17% higher than that in the traditional mode with 0.811 equilibrium degree of water temperature. 3) The average value of dissolved oxygen in the deepwater layer (below 70 cm) was 4.498 mg/L, 18.57% higher than that in the traditional mode. 4) The average concentration of ammonia nitrogen was 19.2% lower than that of the traditional mode. Consequently, the water quality of the ecological aquaculture system was much better than that of the traditional mode. 200 crab samples (100 female crabs and 100 male ones) were randomly selected from the test and traditional pond (control group). The comparison result showed that the yield of crab increased 17.9% using the ecological aquaculture system, where the male crabs over 200 g increased 45%, and the female crabs over 150 g increased 35.0%. The finding can provide a great reference to Eriocheir sinensis aquaculture industry.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Biochemical oxygen demand
Controlled terms:Absorption cooling - Air cleaners - Ammonia - Aquaculture - Dissolved oxygen - Ecology - Lakes - Shellfish - Temperature - Water absorption - Water filtration - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture industry - Aquaculture systems - Average concentration - Chinese mitten crabs - Ecological culture systems - Internal circulations - Purification ability - Temperature fluctuation
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Area 8.64e+03m2, Area 9.56e+02m2, Area 9.60e+03m2, Mass 1.50e-01kg, Mass 2.00e-01kg, Mass_Density 4.50e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20212710577747
Title:Evaluation of arable land suitability and potential from the perspective of "Food Crop Production Strategy based on Farmland Management" in northwest China
Title of translation:"藏粮于地"视角下西北地区耕地适宜性及开发潜力评价
Authors:Bi, Wei (1); Dang, Xiaohu (2); Ma, Hui (3); Deng, Mingjiang (4); Li, Peng (5, 6); Cao, Xiaoshu (7); Shi, Peng (5, 6)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710055, China; (2) College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710055, China; (3) Yanchang County Forest Fire Prevention Headquarters Office, Yan'an; 717199, China; (4) Xinjiang Ertix River Basin Development Engineering Construction Management Bureau, Urumqi; 830000, China; (5) Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710055, China; (6) Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an; 710055, China; (7) Academy of Natural Resources and Territorial Space/Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Environment Simulator in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an; 710062, China
Corresponding author:Dang, Xiaohu(dangxh2018@xust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:235-243
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Arable land in China is relatively scarce in terms of per capita, less than 40% of the world average. A large potential land area can be found for food production in Northwestern China, particularly with a low population density and relatively nice natural conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the amount and spatial distribution of suitable land resources, thereby determining optimal cultivated land use for food production in China. In this study, a feasible model was established for the arable land resources to evaluate naturally suitable land potential for the cultivation, combining the comprehensive index method with limiting conditions and spatial analysis in geographic information system (GIS) from the standpoint of the suitability of land cultivation. 10 indicators were chosen from 4 factors in a multi-source raster dataset, including topography, hydrothermal, edaphic and ecological condition. The hydrothermal condition served as the baseline to distinguish the scenario of dryland and irrigated agriculture in different planting modes. An evaluation model of ecological risk was also established, including the risk of land use, soil erosion, and land desertification. The ecological security caused by land development was considered, where the potential arable land with better natural quality cannot partially assume the low risk of land development. Finally, the quantity, quality and spatial pattern of potential lands were assessed available for cropland, integrating the natural suitability with the ecological risk for cultivation. The results indicated that: 1) There was an obvious east-west differentiation in the distribution and spatial change of cultivated land in Northwest China. Specifically, the increasing area of arable land was distributed mainly in Xinjiang, whereas, the decreasing area was in Loess Plateau. 2) In dryland agriculture, the potential cultivated land was distributed mostly in the Tumochuan Plains on the south side of the Yinshan Mountains, where the specific area was about 0.2×10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 0.06% of the total area of Northwest China. In irrigated agriculture, the most suitable land resource for cultivation was distributed mainly at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain and the oasis along the Tarim River Basin, where the area was about 9.5×10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 2.75% of the total area of Northwest China. Some land resources were required for the inevitable irrigation and soil improvement when planting crops, which were distributed mainly in arid inland areas, such as northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains, Tarim River basin, Shule River basin and eastern Inner Mongolia. There was a great potential for arable lands, if the irrigation water source was available, while the appropriate soil improvement measures were implemented in the future. The finding can facilitate the further scientific planning of water use and rational development layout of cultivated land resources, thereby relieving current land pressure for a better ecological environment.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Data privacy - Ecology - Irrigation - Land use - Landforms - Population statistics - Risk assessment - Risk perception - Rivers - Soils - Topography - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive index method - Ecological conditions - Ecological environments - Evaluation modeling - Hydrothermal conditions - Irrigated agriculture - Land desertification - Population densities
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.75e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20212710577693
Title:Gully volume estimation model using high-resolution satellite imaging in mountainous and hilly regions with black soil of Northeast China
Title of translation:利用高分立体影像构建东北黑土山地丘陵区切沟体积估算模型
Authors:Li, Zhen (1, 2); Qi, Zhiguo (2); Qin, Wei (1, 3); Chen, Chi (4); Wu, Ke (2); Feng, Tian (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) School of Land Science and Space Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang; 050031, China; (3) Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100048, China; (4) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Wei(qinwei_office@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:122-130
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Severe gully erosion has posed a threat to food security in the black soil region of northeastern China, one of the largest grain-producing areas. Therefore, the prevention and control of gully erosion have become the top priority of soil and water conservation in recent years. Consequently, an estimation model of gully volume is a key step in modeling and mapping the gully erosion over a large scale, thereby to determining the erosive prone areas for better control of gully erosion. However, few researches were focused on modeling gully volume in this area. This study aims to explore the gully features, and then to build a gully volume model, finally assess the erosion parameters using the high-resolution remote sensing stereoscopic satellite imaging. The same high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was extracted from ENVI software using WorldView-2 stereoscopic satellite images (0.5 m resolution). ArcGIS 10.3 was selected to calculate gully morphological parameters of 45 gullies in a catchment located in the mountainous and hilly region of northeast China. The specific parameters included the top width (TW, m), bottom width (BW, m), depth (D, m), cross-sectional area (CSA, m<sup>2</sup>), gully length (L, m), gully area (A, m<sup>2</sup>), and the volume (V, m<sup>3</sup>). The results showed that the average values of TW, BW, D, CSA, L, A, and V were 5.63 m, 2.82 m, 1.05 m, 4.94 m<sup>2</sup>, 81.90 m, 470.54 m<sup>2</sup>, and 428.53 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The means of the width ratio between the gully top and bottom was 0.48, indicating that the cross-section of the gully was mainly in an intermediate shape (V-U shape). The mean of the ratio between gully top width and depth was 5.95, where all of gullies were greater than 1, indicating that the collapse of gully-wall was faster than that of deep-cutting in the study area. There was an extreme significance in the gully volume and the length (V-L) or area (V-A) of study areas. A very prominent relationship of power function was also found between the gully volume and length/area, and the determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>) of the volume estimation model were 0.57 and 0.90, respectively. Furthermore, the mean relative error and Nash coefficient further verified that the V-A model was more accurate and effective to predict the gully volume. The b value of power function was smaller in the black soil region of northeast China, compared with the Loess Plateau and the dry/hot valley regions, whereas, the b value was larger in the mountainous and hilly regions than in the rolling and hilly regions of Northeast China, indicating that the gully erosion was more serious in the mountainous and hilly region of Northeast China. The precision of the V-A model depended mainly on the gully features. Correspondingly, the ratio between gully length and top width can serve as an index of classification for better performance in modeling gully erosion. The finding can provide a scientific basis to assess the gully volume over a large scale in the mountainous and hilly regions of Northeast China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Catchments - Erosion - Food supply - Remote sensing - Satellites - Soil conservation - Soils - Stereo image processing - Surveying - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil region of northeast chinas - Determination coefficients - Digital elevation model - High resolution remote sensing - High resolution satellites - Morphological parameters - Region of northeast chinas - Soil and water conservation
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2 Satellites - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.71e+02m2, Area 4.94e+00m2, Size 1.05e+00m, Size 2.82e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 5.63e+00m, Size 8.19e+01m, Volume 4.29e+02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20212710577695
Title:Development of mobile intelligent monitoring platform for livestock and poultry house
Title of translation:畜禽舍移动式智能监测平台研制
Authors:Long, Changjiang (1, 2); Tan, Hequn (1, 2); Zhu, Ming (1, 2); Xin, Rui (1); Qin, Guangsheng (1); Huang, Pengzhi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Tan, Hequn(thq@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:68-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and gas atmosphere directly determine the daily performance, growth rate, and immune status of livestock and poultry in a farm. It is highly urgent to detect the factors for real-time monitoring the health state of livestock and poultry, particularly the relationship between environmental factors and health state. Therefore, a healthy aquaculture pattern can be developed to optimize the breeding environment. In this study, a mobile intelligent monitoring platform was established to detect the key environmental factors within the whole area. An integrated sensor system was installed in the fixed important points. A four-wheel trolley with sprocket wheels was used to drive the platform. The motor and transmission components were installed inside the car body in the need of waterproof and anti-corrosion. The upper side of the car was sealed with a cover plate, and only the integrated sensor system installed on a foldable telescopic mechanism that needs to be exposed was fixed on the plate. Height adjusting of an integrated sensor system was performed via changing the folding angle and telescopic length of a foldable telescopic mechanism. The sensors were assembled separately and disassembled conveniently, in order to facilitate repair and maintenance, and even the integrated sensor system was replaced as a whole. AnSTM32 microcontroller was used as the master control unit in the system. A PCB-integrated sensor system was selected to detect the temperature, humidity, CO<inf>2</inf>, H<inf>2</inf>S, NH<inf>3, </inf> and dust concentration in the environment. Three standard conditions were set for the detection. Specifically, when the livestock or poultry felt uncomfortable, their behavior appeared too quiet or too irritable. When the livestock or poultry was sick, their body temperature was abnormal. When an infection occurred, the surface of the skin was ulcerated. A camera with a high-speed image transmission and a remote infrared temperature measurement device was used to monitor the livestock and poultry, where the abnormal state of their body temperature was observed in time, and the infection was found at an early stage. Two monitor sensors were installed on an electromechanical actuator, which was fixed on an electromechanical indexing plate in the front of the mobile platform. The actuator was used to adjust the pitch angle, whereas, the indexing plate was used to change the horizontal angle. An Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) wireless system was also selected to accurately locate the position of the mobile platform. All the data was sent to the STM32 microcontroller in UART, IIC, or analog output mode. The STM32 microcontroller processed the data with the Savitzky-Golay filtering, and then uploaded the data to the Ali Cloud IoT platform through a WIFI module. The users can login to the web page to remotely access the data, and thereby monitor the status of livestock and poultry in real time. The experimental results show that the detection data of a mobile intelligent detection platform was similar to that of the sensors in the former pig farm, where the difference between them was less than 10%. The positioning error was close to the 10 cm level, when the base stations were located at the optimal position. The monitoring data were reliable, and the mobile intelligent monitoring platform ran stably for a long time. The mobile platform can also serve as a carrier to transport about 200 kg of heavy objects. For instance, materials and livestock can be transported by the platform, when installing an upper cover plate with a winch and inclined plane on the surface. The proposed mobile intelligent monitoring platform can provide a hardware foundation for whole-scale environmental monitoring of livestock and poultry farms.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Atmospheric temperature - Controllers - Corrosion - Digital storage - Electromechanical actuators - Electromechanical devices - Fixed platforms - Growth rate - Hydrogen sulfide - Indexing (of information) - Mammals - Microcontrollers - Physiology - Polychlorinated biphenyls - Sprockets - Temperature measurement - Transmissions - Ultra-wideband (UWB) - Websites - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental Monitoring - High-speed image transmissions - Infrared temperature measurements - Integrated sensor system - Intelligent monitoring - Savitzky Golay Filtering - Transmission components - Ultra Wide Band wireless systems
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.00e+02kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20212710577670
Title:Nonlinear vibration model and rattling characteristics of elliptical gear pump with timing-varying input speed
Title of translation:变速椭圆齿轮泵的非线性振动模型与拍击特性
Authors:Liu, Dawei (1); Tan, Wanxin (1); Jin, Xin (2); Ren, Tingzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) National Engineering Technology Research Center of Cold Rolling Strip Equipment and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:7
Issue date:April 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:15-23
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A pair of outer noncircular gear has widely been used to prevent severe flow pulsation in a variable-speed elliptic gear pump. The displacement is normally several times that of the circular gear pump with the same pump cavity volume, while the instantaneous flow rate is uniform. The structure can be expected to broadly apply in agriculture, petroleum, chemical industry, food, medical treatment, and transportation. However, the beating vibration and noise that occurred easily can be detrimental to the performance of a pump, because of the special internal excitation of non-circular gear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the nonlinear dynamics of the pump, and thereby reveal the mechanism of a rattle for better design of a high-quality elliptical gear pump with variable speed. In this study, a transmission ratio function of a two-stage non-circular gear mechanism was constructed in a variable-speed elliptical gear pump using the flow pulsation suppression of an elliptic gear pump driven by external non-circular gear. A nonlinear rattle vibration model was established in a variable-speed elliptical gear pump using the separation of elastic rotating angle considering the elastic deformation of the teeth, the static transmission error, the backlash between teeth, and the periodic load. A Runge-Kutta method was utilized to calculate the dynamic responses for the vibration curve, excitation composition, and amplitude at different rotate speeds. A systematic analysis was made on the evolution in the rattle state and system intensity, as well as the influences of pump port pressure, transmission error, and eccentricity on the rattle threshold rotation speed. The results showed that the vibration of the internal rotor was greater than that of external non-circular gear in a variable-speed elliptical gear pump. Moreover, the vibration of two-stage non-circular gears contained the time-varying instantaneous center excitation frequency, the tooth meshing excitation frequency, the multiplication, difference, and sum of these frequencies. The two-stage non-circular gears successively experienced the states of no impact, unilateral impact and bilateral impact with the increase of input rotation speed. Compared with the outer noncircular gears 1 and 2, the internal rotors 3 and 4 vibrated more violently, and entered the rattle state earlier. The dynamic meshing force rose linearly and slowly, when there was no rattle. Once the rattle occurred, the dynamic meshing force rose rapidly. Improving the pump port pressure or the manufacturing accuracy of gears can improve the rattle threshold rotation speed of a variable-speed elliptical gear pump. Among the two pairs of non-circular gears, the internal rotors 3 and 4 had a greater influence on the rattle threshold rotation speed. The rattle threshold rotation speed increased slowly and then decreased rapidly, as the rotor eccentricity advanced. Therefore, the flow rate of a pump cannot be improved, although the eccentricity can contribute to the pump displacement, due mainly to the reduction of rattle threshold rotation speed.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Gear teeth
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Chemical industry - Gear manufacture - Gear pumps - Petroleum industry - Petroleum transportation - Rotation - Runge Kutta methods - Speed - Timing circuits - Variable speed transmissions - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Excitation frequency - Instantaneous flow - Manufacturing accuracy - Nonlinear vibration models - Static transmission errors - Systematic analysis - Transmission error - Transmission ratios
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 618.2 Pumps - 713.4 Pulse Circuits - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.07.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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- 维普