<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20212410504349
Title:Design and experiment of active rotating collective straw-cleaner
Title of translation:主动旋转集行式清秸装置设计与试验
Authors:Cao, Xinpeng (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Yu, Changchang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, Northern Hebei Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:26-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Straw mulching has been the essential component of conservation tillage to prevent wind-water erosion and degradation of soil, while improving soil fertility and drought resistance. However, a low cleaning rate of straw often occurs in the current passive straw cutting/cleaning for the seed belt in Northeast China. In an active straw cleaner, there is excessive soil disturbance with the mixed burial of straw and soil damage to the moisture, thereby reducing the emergence rate in no-tillage maize seeding. In this study, an active rotating collective straw-cleaner was designed to solve the existing problems in straw mulching for no-tillage agriculture. The straw-cleaner was mainly composed of the spring teeth of straw cleaning, frame of spring teeth, drive motor, adjustment rod of height and inclined angle, adjustment plate of deflection angle, and curtain component. Six spring teeth were included in a straw-cleaner, where the tooth pitch of spring teeth was 60 mm, and the angle to the ground was 45°. The spring teeth were installed on the same rotating plane through the mounting frame. Specifically, the maximum gyration radius of the spring tooth was 200 mm, while the forward inclination angle was 20°, and the adjustment range of the slip angle was 20°-60°. The motor drove the spring tooth during the seeding. The spring tooth first penetrated to the soil from the side of the seeding belt, and then threw the straw to the other side along the tangent direction to the curtain component. A quadratic regression rotation orthogonal test was carried out to determine the optimal parameter combination, where the unit forward speed, the rotate speed, and penetration length of spring tooth were selected as determinants with the cleaning rate of straw as the performance index. A regression model was established for the test indicators and influencing factors of straw cleaning. A soil-bin test showed that the cleaning rate of straw was significantly reduced with the increase of forward speed in the initial stage, but the effect of forward speed on the straw cleaning was weakening with the increase in penetration length of the spring tooth. The forward speed contributed to the further improvement of the cleaning rate till greater than a critical value. The cleaning rate of straw increased first and then decreased as the penetration length of the spring teeth increased. The step distance of a single spring tooth decreased, whereas, the cleaning rate of straw showed a significant increase in the initial stage when the rotate speed of the spring tooth increased. However, the rotate speed of the spring tooth showed a relatively weak effect, even to limit the further improvement of cleaning rate, as the penetration length increased. An optimal combination of parameters was achieved for the best performance of the device in the Design-Expert 10.0.7, where the unit forward speed was 1.4 m/s, the rotate speed was 400 r/min, and the penetration length of the spring tooth was 19 mm. Field experiments demonstrated that the cleaning rate of straw for the 20 cm wide belts was 98.3%, and the working power was 605 W under the optimal combination of parameters, indicating a high agronomic requirement of no-tillage maize seeding in Northeast China. This finding can provide insightful technical support to the straw cleaning device for no-tillage machines.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Cleaning
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Belts - Cultivation - Regression analysis - Soil conservation - Soils - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Conservation tillage - Drought resistance - Inclination angles - Optimal combination - Optimal parameter combinations - Penetration length - Performance indices - Quadratic regression
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.83e+01%, Power 6.05e+02W, Rotational_Speed 4.00e+02RPM, Size 1.90e-02m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-02m, Velocity 1.40e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20212410499880
Title:Optimization of transient VNT opening of diesel engines
Title of translation:柴油机瞬态VNT开度优化研究
Authors:Yang, Shichen (1); Wan, Mingding (1); Shen, Lizhong (1); Wang, Zhengjiang (1); Huang, Fenlian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Lizhong(lzshen@foxmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:35-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The opening of a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT) has a significant impact on the boost pressure, torque response, and emissions of a diesel engine under transient conditions. In order to achieve better diesel engine transient performance, realize the coordinate control of the diesel engine and the VNT nozzle opening and to improve the transient response of the diesel engine while reducing the emissions. In this study, the VNT opening was calibrated on the bench of a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine for better performance. A bench test was conducted to investigate the effect of VNT openings on the transient performance and emissions of diesel engine at the rotation rate of 1 600, 2 000, and 2 600 r/min, when the response load was transient from 0 to 50%, 75%, and 100% at 1, 3, and 5 s of an accelerator pedal. The results show that there was a much more obvious effect of VNT opening on the transient condition of load response time 1, 3, and 5 s from 0 to 50%, 75%, and 100% of the load at 2 000 r/min than that of 3 and 5 s. The response time of boost pressure gradually decreased, while the response time of torque decreased and then increased, as the VNT opening decreased. The NOx volume fraction first increased, then decreased, and finally increased to a stable value, when the response time of accelerator pedal at 1s from 0% to 50%, 75% and 100% at 1 600, 2 000 and 2 600 r/min. The particle number (PN) emission increased gradually with the decrease of VNT opening. A World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) test was carried out after the optimum VNT opening was obtained at different speeds. The simulation data showed that the VNT opening reduced the intercept and standard deviation for the WHTC cycle torque regression line. The intercept decreased by 0.03 and 0.37 in cold and hot states, while the standard deviation decreased by 0.11 and 1.07, respectively. The NOx brake specific emissions decreased by 7.59% and 2.21% under the WHTC cold and hot cycles, while the particulate matter (PM) brake specific emissions reduced by 8.64% and 25.28%, and the PN brake specific emissions dropped by 6.74% and 12.4%, compared with the original engine. After optimizing the VNT opening, the standard deviation of the actual torque value from the reference value is reduced, and the main pollutants are reduced in different proportions, which shows the feasibility of the coordinated control of the VNT opening to optimize the transient performance and emissions of the diesel engine. The finding can provide a sound reference for the coordinated control of VNT opening under transient operating conditions in a diesel engine.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Transient analysis
Controlled terms:Brakes - Diesel engines - Nitrogen oxides - Nozzles - Statistics - Torque
Uncontrolled terms:Accelerator pedals - Co-ordinated control - Coordinate control - Different proportions - High pressure common rail diesel engine - Transient conditions - Transient operating condition - Transient performance
Classification code:602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 2.21e+00%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 6.74e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.59e+00%, Percentage 8.64e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.60e+03RPM, Time 1.00e+00s, Time 3.00e+00s, Time 5.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20212410501301
Title:Inversion of reclaimed soil moisture based on spectrum analysis of ground penetrating radar
Title of translation:采用探地雷达频谱分析的复垦土壤含水率反演
Authors:Cheng, Qi (1); Ye, Huichun (2); Dong, Xianglin (3); Cui, Hongbiao (4); Yi, Qitao (5); Xu, Yunfei (1); Sun, Liying (1); Zhang, Shiwen (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Spatial Informatics and Geomatics Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China; (2) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (3) Huaibei Mining (Group) Co. Ltd, Huaibei; 235001, China; (4) School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China; (5) School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai; 264010, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shiwen(mamin1190@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:108-116
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Precise irrigation has been a highly urgent need to realize a quick, accurate, and non-destructive acquisition for the distribution of moisture content in reclaimed soil, particularly in coal mining subsidence areas. Consequently, traditional measurement can be replaced with Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR), a new type of near-earth microwave remote sensing with large-scale continuous detection, fast, non-destructive, and low-cost. GPR has also been widely used in the detection of water content in soil. However, GPR is rarely used in the detection of water content in reclaimed soil, due to the complex composition of reclaimed soil and the fast attenuation of electromagnetic waves in cohesive soil. Fortunately, spectrum analysis can convert the radar data (signal change) from the time domain to the frequency domain. Energy distribution of signal frequency can be used to alleviate a large wave speed error under different media. In this study, the soil of a subsided reclamation area in Huaibei City, Anhui Province of China was taken as the research object. A control group was set up in the surrounding normal areas. The Chirp-Z-transform (CZT) was used to find the characteristic frequency. Rayleigh scattering was selected to analyze the characteristic spectrum response of radar signals under volumetric water content in soil. Various regressions were used to establish inversion models of water cut. The results showed that the frequency of peak (FP) using the Rayleigh scattering had an excellent correlation with the volumetric water content of reclaimed soil, where the correlation coefficient reached 0.90, indicating that the radar signal FP was feasible to invert the soil volumetric water content of the reclaimed area. Moreover, the CZT effectively identified the characteristic frequency in a higher resolution without changing the original frequency spectrum. The correlation coefficient between FP and soil moisture content was improved from 0.77 to 0.93, compared with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In addition, the spectrum of radar signal in the reclaimed area demonstrated a greater drift than that in the non-reclaimed area under the same change of water content. The bulk density was also one of the factors that affect the radar signal. The highest accuracy was achieved in the exponential regression, where the verification precisions were R<sup>2</sup>=0.84, and RMSE=1.97%, showing that the frequency spectrum analysis was an effective way to invert the moisture content of cultivated soil. When large construction equipment was used to compact the reconstructed soil, there will be a larger influence on the distribution of soil moisture content and the fertility of reclaimed soil. The findings can provide an insightful theoretical basis and technical support for rapidly monitoring the soil quality and precision irrigation in reclaimed areas.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Geophysical prospecting
Controlled terms:Coal industry - Construction equipment - Cutting machines (mining) - Data handling - Electromagnetic wave attenuation - Fast Fourier transforms - Frequency domain analysis - Geological surveys - Ground penetrating radar systems - Irrigation - Land reclamation - Moisture determination - Radar measurement - Rayleigh scattering - Reclamation - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Time domain analysis - Z transforms
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic frequencies - Characteristic spectrum - Frequency spectrum analysis - Ground Penetrating Radar - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) - Microwave remote sensing - Soil volumetric water contents - Volumetric water content
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 481.1 Geology - 481.4 Geophysical Prospecting - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20212410499733
Title:Extraction and spatio-temporal analysis of county-level crop planting patterns based on HJ-1 CCD
Title of translation:基于HJ-1 CCD的县域农作物种植结构提取和时空分析
Authors:Zhang, Xiaochun (1); Cao, Zequn (1); Yang, Dan (3); Wang, Qiuhao (1); Wang, Xiugui (1); Xiong, Qinxue (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou; 434025, China; (3) State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Jinshuitan Hydropower Plant, Lishui; 323000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:168-181
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Crop-type classification and spatio-temporal change detection support rational agricultural management; perennial crop maps reflect changes in crop planting patterns and are useful for economic and social analysis. The satellite images used for mapping crops, however, are not at high spatial and high temporal resolution. They do not provide sufficient data for all stages of growth when mapping spatial distributions of crops in areas with a great variety of agricultural practices and products. A cost-effective solution using short repeat cycle Huan Jing (HJ)-1 Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) imagery and the freely available Landsat-8 imagery was proposed to produce annual crop maps reflecting spatio-temporal changes in planting areas in Jianli County, China. Phenological metrics such as maximum Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, dates, and the number of days in the growth stages of the different crops were defined from time-series NDVI curves and used for crop classification. Typical planting areas were extracted from the 15 m pan-sharpened Landsat-8 images. The NDVI and time thresholds for phenological metrics were obtained from the NDVI time series curves during the crop growth stage of typical planting areas. Classification rules were established to create crop maps from 2009 to 2016 and applied land-use changes for different crops based on multi-year crop classification maps reflecting the distribution of dominant crops. The high-spatial-resolution China satellite images and crop area data from Jianli statistical yearbook were used to perform an accurate assessment. The average classification accuracy rate was 84% when compared with the high-spatial-resolution imagery, and the classification area matched up to 81.60% with the statistical crop area data. These results indicated that this method provided a possible means for classification permitting regular mapping of crop distributions in complex areas like Jianli County. By the spatio-temporal analysis of summer-harvest crops, it could be found that fewer farmers were willing to plant oilseed rape because of the high labor cost caused by this crop's low agricultural mechanization level. For autumn-harvest crops, the government set the standard of the lowest purchase price for the middle-season rice, which greatly reduced the risk of planting the middle-season rice for farmers. This might guide farmers' decisions and lead to small changes in the middle-season rice area. Meteorological data indicated that it had continuous rainfall and waterlogging in the summer of 2016, which led to the reduction of the middle-season rice area, and especially the big reduction of cotton area.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Charge coupled devices - Cost benefit analysis - Cost effectiveness - Image resolution - Land use - Machinery - Mapping - Meteorology - Time series - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management - Agricultural mechanization - Average classification accuracy rates - Cost-effective solutions - Crop type classification - High spatial resolution imagery - High temporal resolution - Normalized difference vegetation index
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.4 Personnel - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.16e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Size 1.50e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.021
Funding details: Number: 2018YFC1508301, Acronym: NKRDPC, Sponsor: National Key Research and Development Program of China;Number: 2018YFC1508302, Acronym: NKRDPC, Sponsor: National Key Research and Development Program of China;Number: 2019CFB507, Acronym: -, Sponsor: Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province;Number: 31871516, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1508301, 2018YFC1508302); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31871516); Hubei Natural Science Foundation (2019CFB507).
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20212410499857
Title:Design and experiments of panicle layer embedded pipeline-airflow auxiliary pollination machine for hybrid rice
Title of translation:杂交水稻穗层埋入式管道送风辅助授粉机设计与试验
Authors:Wang, Yongfeng (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2, 3); Lin, Zonghui (1, 2, 3); Zhong, Boping (1, 2, 3); Liu, Aimin (4); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2, 3); Zhong, Nan (1, 2, 3); Song, Cancan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology(NPAAC), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Yuan Longping Agricultural High-tech Co. Ltd., Changsha; 410006, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Zhiyan(zyzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A pollinator with high-clearance chassis has an excellent performance in hybrid rice beyond artificial pollination with high labor intensity and low efficiency. However, the lack of pollination often occurs when the pollinator is separated from the male parent panicle layer, due to the large size of the left/right trusses swinging in the vertical direction, particularly in the uneven bottom soil. In this study, a pipeline-airflow pollinator was designed to embed panicle layer for the better pollination of hybrid rice. A lightweight vertical pollination tube was adopted, where the effective working length was 60mm. As such, the panicle layer in the local paternal area was effected by the pollination wind field always even if high-clearance chassis shaken when the pollination machine was walking in the field. In addition, the key components were optimized to obtain a uniform airflow field and a suitable velocity of airflow in a pollinator. Firstly, the flow divider was simulated to evaluate the distribution of airflow. Then the circular-hole jets were adopted to adjust the pollination airflow field under the different diameters of the nozzle. Simulation experiments were also conducted on pollination tubes with various nozzle diameters. The simulation results showed that there was no significant effect of inlet Inlet air volume on the airflow distribution of divider in the working range (P> 0.05). An optimal splitter was selected when the average coefficient of variation was only 1.14% at the inlet total pressure in three pollination tubes, indicating a better uniform airflow field. The air velocity along the pollination boundary was 1.2m/s just above the suspended velocity of pollen, when the diameter of the pollination tube nozzle was 12 mm. A prototype was also trial-produced for the field tests. The experiment results showed the simulation data was basically consistent with the actual one. The relative error of airflow between simulation and measurement was ±0.3 m/s. The coefficient of variation was only 1.12% for the axial airflow velocity of the nozzle in three pollination pipes, when the diameter of the nozzle was 12 mm, indicating suitable for the design requirements of the uniform wind field. The distance of the pollination tube from the middle of the panicle layer was less than half of the effective working length of the pollination tube when the speed of the pollination machine was 1.5m/s, indicating an effective range of pollination wind field. The pollination experiments were conducted in the paddy field under the condition that the walking speed of the pollination machine was 1.5m/s and the average axis velocity of airflow at the pollination tube nozzle was 34.2 m/s. A total of 80 acquisition points were divided into 5 lines on average in the female compartment area against the male parent. The field experiments showed that the average number of grains in the unit visual field was 8.35 (hybrid rice seed production agronomically requires at least 3 grains of pollen), of which the average number of pollen grains more than 3 grains accounted for 96.02%, indicating the minimum requirement of pollen quantity for hybrid rice seeding and pollination in local areas. This finding can provide a sound reference for the production of hybrid rice seeds in mechanized agriculture.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Chassis - Grain (agricultural product) - Nozzle design - Nozzles - Pipelines - Tubes (components) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Airflow distribution - Artificial pollinations - Coefficient of variation - Embedded pipeline - Minimum requirements - Simulations and measurements - Vertical direction
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+00%, Percentage 1.14e+00%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 1.20e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s, Velocity 3.42e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20212410499885
Title:Vocalization characteristics of laying hens under cage and perch systems
Title of translation:笼养和栖架养殖模式下蛋鸡的发声特征
Authors:Zong, Chao (1); Cao, Yanfei (2); Cao, Mengbing (1); Gao, Jinhao (1); Li, Shulei (1); Liu, Mulin (1); Teng, Guanghui (1); Wang, Chaoyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Northwest A& F University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:135-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">In order to analyze the effects of different rearing systems and stages on the vocalization of laying hens, and to provide reference for further establishment of a healthy breeding assessment system based on the vocal information from laying hens, the vocalization of laying hens was monitored in this study. The acoustic characteristics of hens raised under cage and perch systems, at the growing stage and laying stage were studied. The experiment was conducted with the same batch of hens (starting from 86 days of age), which had similar body weights (average 1.1 kg) and health conditions. Those laying hens were randomly divided into two groups: 55 layer raised in the perch system and 25 layers in the cage system. The vocalizations of the laying hens were regularly collected from 13 weeks to 42 weeks of age, using National Instruments' PXI-1050 sound measurement system. The captured sounds were analyzed through pre-treatment, feature extraction and data mining algorithms. The spectrum parameters including duration, amplitude, peak frequency, frequency centroid had been used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the typical laying hen's voice could be classified into four types: egg-laying call, singing call, screaming call and fighting call. There were some differences in the vocal recognition process, with overall high recognition accuracy for egg-laying calls (93%), and moderate prediction rate for singing calls (89%), screaming calls (83%) and fighting calls (75%). Most of the sound signals associated with laying eggs are concentrated in the 0.3-20 s range, with peak frequencies in the 2 500-3 500 Hz. The sound signal of the screaming and fighting calls varies from 0.2 to 1.7 s, with the peak frequency mainly ranging from 500 to 4 000 s. Singing calls have a wide range, lasting between 0.2-12 s, and peak frequency ranging from 1 000-4 000 Hz. Compared with laying hens at the growing stage, the duration of vocalization of laying hens at the laying stage was longer, and the values of peak frequency and spectral centroid were decreased, while the sound pressure was slightly increased. It was also found that the peak frequency of laying hens' vocalization was negatively correlated with their age increasing. At 14 weeks of age, the average peak frequency was (2 192±320) Hz; while the average peak frequency was (1 550±345) Hz at 41 weeks of age. The peak frequency decreased by about 44 Hz per week during the growing period and about 15 Hz per week during the laying period. Compared with hens in the cage system, hens in perch system produced more sounds, especially egg-laying and singing sounds. The sound energy of laying hens in perch system was also greater than that of laying hens in cage system. The welfare orientated environment leads to an increase in the frequency of hens' calls, which may also indicate that their vocalization plays a role in natural behavioral expression and social interaction signals. The amount of laying hens call can be used as an indicator to evaluate the welfare of laying hens. In addition, the sound energy of laying hens at night was basically stable (around 1.0 V<sup>2</sup>•s), unless there were abnormal conditions. According to this phenomenon, the change of acoustic energy amplitude of laying hens can be used as a threshold to monitor and warn the abnormal situation in the laying hens' house during night.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Acoustic measuring instruments
Controlled terms:Architectural acoustics - Data mining
Uncontrolled terms:Abnormal conditions - Acoustic characteristic - Data mining algorithm - Measurement system - National Instruments - Recognition accuracy - Social interactions - Spectrum parameters
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 751.3 Architectural Acoustics - 941.1 Acoustical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.36e-01yr, Age 2.49e-01yr to 8.05e-01yr, Age 2.68e-01yr, Age 7.86e-01yr, Frequency 1.00e+03Hz to 4.00e+03Hz, Frequency 1.50e+01Hz, Frequency 2.50e+03Hz to 3.50e+03Hz, Frequency 4.40e+01Hz, Mass 1.10e+00kg, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Time 2.00e-01s to 1.20e+01s, Time 2.00e-01s to 1.70e+00s, Time 3.00e-01s to 2.00e+01s, Time 5.00e+02s to 4.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20212410499832
Title:Automatic segmentation and quantitative analysis of soil preferential flow using dye tracer technology
Title of translation:采用染色示踪技术的土壤优先流自动分割与量化系统
Authors:Han, Qiaoling (1, 2, 3, 4); Bai, Hao (1, 2, 4); Zhao, Yue (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhao, Yandong (1, 2, 4); Xu, Xiangbo (1, 3, 4); Li, Jihong (5)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Lab of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Key Lab of State Forestry Administration for Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Research Center for Intelligent Forestry, Beijing; 100083, China; (5) School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Yue(zhaoyue0609@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Preferential flow is widely considered to be a common phenomenon of water movement in soil. Currently, dye tracer can be one of the most efficient ways to characterize the preferential flow using soil-stained images. However, the general image processing software, such as Photoshop, Image Pro Plus, and Image J, cannot specifically extract the soil-stained images with inconsistent chromaticity and low contrast between dyed and non-dyed areas. A larger error occurs normally in the subsequent quantitative analysis for the preferential flow pathways. This study aimed to propose an automatic segmentation for preferential flow pathways using dyed tracer images and to further improve the accuracy and efficiency of quantification. An image processing was performed on the dyeing images of preferential flow, thereby quantitatively analyzing specific parameters. Firstly, brilliant blue dye was used to stain subsurface flow pathways in soil plots from natural secondary forest and hazelnut shrub forest during simulated rainfall events under dry conditions. The dyed tracer images were converted into the hue-saturation-value (HSV) space for the extraction of hue (H) component, in order to improve the contrast of dyed images and highlight the preferential flow path. Fuzzy C-means based on H component and morphology (HM-FCM) was selected to automatically segment the dyeing area. Morphological opening and closing arithmetics were used to fix under- and over-segmentation in the images. Secondly, mathematical statistics were selected to quantificationally analyze multiple indicators of soil preferential flow in the high-precision graphs of natural secondary forest and hazelnut shrub forest. The specific parameters included total dyeing area ratio, matrix flow depth, preferential flow ratio, and fractal dimension. The proposed segmentation well accurately identified the distribution of preferential flow pathways in forest soil and automatically segmented the dyeing area. Furthermore, multiple indicators were achieved for the subsequent evaluation of preferential flow and topological structure. Specifically, the preferential flow in the natural secondary forest occurred earlier than that in the hazelnut forest, whereas, the development degree of preferential flow in the natural secondary forest soil was higher than that in hazelnut forest soil. The dyeing areas of the two forests were generally concentrated in the soil layer of 0-50 cm, where the dyeing area ratio of hazelnut forest was higher than that of natural secondary forest. The water infiltration behaved mostly the uniform flow with less preferential flow. It was found that HM-FCM effectively segmented the soil dyeing areas of two forests. The segmentation accuracy was 87.9% for the images of natural secondary forest, and the harmonic mean was 90.5%, whereas, the segmentation accuracy was 83.3% for the images of hazelnut shrub forest, and the harmonic mean was 80.3%. There were different development degrees in the priority flow (P< 0.05). The proposed automatic segmentation can be widely expected to identify the preferential flow and migration in the underground soil of various woodlands for sustainable forestry.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Dyeing - Flow graphs - Forestry - Fractal dimension - Groundwater flow - Image enhancement - Soils - Statistics - Trace analysis - Tracers
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic segmentations - Hue saturation values - Image-processing software - Morphological opening - Natural secondary forests - Segmentation accuracy - Sustainable forestry - Topological structure
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.03e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+01%, Percentage 9.05e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20212410499761
Title:Stress resistance and antioxidant properties of lactic acid bacteria with high biofilm production
Title of translation:高产生物膜乳酸菌抗逆性及其抗氧化特性
Authors:Zhang, Yue (1); He, Yinfeng (1); Gu, Yue (1); Wang, Yan (1); Zheng, Yanxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:He, Yinfeng(heyinf6468@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:282-288
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Most bacteria in the natural environment choose to live in the biofilm state, due mainly to better advantage over the planktonic state. The resistance of strains to the external environment can be significantly improved, when lactic acid bacteria behave in the form of a biofilm state. Therefore, it is a benefit to investigate the stress resistance of strains in biofilm state for the production mechanism behind the lactic acid bacteria biofilm under environmental stress. In this study, two strains of Pediococcus acidilactici RJ2-1-4, TG1-1-10 and two strains of Lactobacillus plantarum RJ1-1-4, RM1-1-11 (They were both high-yield biofilm strains) were selected to systematically explore the tolerance of planktonic and biofilm strains to acid, alkali, bile salt, simulated artificial gastrointestinal fluid, and antioxidant ability. The results showed that the growth of strain was inhibited under the condition of extremely acid, but the growth of biofilm state RM1-1-11 at pH 3.0 was significantly higher than that of the planktonic state (P< 0.05). The density of bacteria increased with the increase of pH value, whereas, the alkaline environment in pH 7.0-9.0 inhibited the growth of three strains except TG1-1-10. The growths of membranous strains RJ2-1-4 and TG1-1-10 were significantly lower than those of planktonic state (P< 0.05), particularly that the growth of strain increased slightly, when the concentration of bile salt was 0-0.03%. However, the growth of strain was inhibited as the concentration of bile salt continued to increase. In addition, the TG1-1-10 growth of planktonic strain was higher than that of biofilm strain, whereas the growth of the other three strains in the biofilm state was significantly higher than those of planktonic strain. After the strains were treated in the simulated artificial gastrointestinal fluid for 3 hours, it was found that the survival rate of biofilm strains in the gastric and intestinal juices improved, compared with the planktonic strains. There was a certain clearance ability of four strains for different kinds of free radicals. The clearance rates were ranked in order: HO•> DPPH•> lipid peroxidation > superoxide anion. Specifically, the clearance rate of RJ2-1-4 planktonic bacteria suspension on DPPH• was 214.12 μg/mL, while the clearance rate of RJ2-1-4 biofilm CFS to superoxide anion was 93.8 μg/mL, and the clearance rates of RJ2-1-4 biofilm CFS and TG1-1-10 planktonic CFS on HO• were 713.81 μg/mL and 637.01 μg/mL, respectively. The clearance rate of lipid peroxides by RM1-1-11 biofilm suspension was 122.82 μg/mL. Lactic acid bacteria in biofilm state had certain protective effects on acid, alkali, bile salt and artificial gastrointestinal fluid, but there was specificity among strains, even in the same genus. The anti-oxidation ability of biofilm strain was higher than that of planktonic state, but there was a definite difference in different kinds of free radicals. The finding can provide a significant support to a further investigation on the resistance of lactic acid bacteria to environmental stress in biofilm states.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Strain
Controlled terms:Acid resistance - Alkalinity - Antioxidants - Bacteria - Biofilms - Free radicals - Lactic acid - Oxidation - Salts
Uncontrolled terms:Alkaline environment - Antioxidant properties - External environments - Lactic acid bacteria - Lactobacillus plantarum - Natural environments - Pediococcus acidilactici - Production mechanisms
Classification code:462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics) - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.23e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.14e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.37e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.14e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.38e-02kg/m3, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 3.00e-02%, Time 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20212410504356
Title:Detection system for grape leaf diseases based on transfer learning and updated CNN
Title of translation:基于迁移学习和改进CNN的葡萄叶部病害检测系统
Authors:Fan, Xiangpeng (1, 2, 3); Xu, Yan (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Jianping (1, 2, 3); Li, Zhilei (1, 2, 4); Peng, Xuan (2, 4); Wang, Xiaorong (1, 2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830047, China; (2) Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Robot and Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi; 830047, China; (3) Branch of State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Urumqi; 830047, China; (4) Engineering Training Center, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830047, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Jianping(linkzhou@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:151-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Leaf diseases have a severe threat to the quality and yield of grapes. However, there is often difficulty in the disease detection and low application rate of convolutional neural network (CNN) in a complicated field environment. In this study, an accurate and intelligent detection system was established to realize the strong robustness and real-time performance for grape leaf diseases using transfer learning and an updated CNN model. Firstly, 1990 images were captured for the healthy leaves and five types of infected leaves from field conditions. The combined datasets of PlantVillage and AI Challenger were used to pre-train the VGG16 network for the fully trained parameters. Secondly, the batch normalization, global average pooling layer, and Center Loss function were utilized to modify the structure of the pre-trained VGG16 network, where there was no change in the parameters of the thirteen front convolutional layers and pooling layers. The updated CNN was fine-tuned with the augmented images of grape leaves from field conditions. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizers were adopted at the initial learning rates of 0.01 and 0.001 in the phase of fine-tuning for experimental comparison. Thirdly, different equilibrium parameters of Center Loss function were utilized in Softmax classification layer for optimal performance. The updated CNN model was also compared with the state-of-the-art models. Finally, the optimal CNN model was deployed in mobile phones to carry out in field condition. The experimental results showed that the updated model using Adam optimizer behaved with a higher accuracy and more stable performance than those using the SGD in the fine-tuning training phase. There were a higher accuracy, a lower loss value, and smaller vibration in the trained model with a small initial learning rate of 0.001 than those with a larger initial learning rate of 0.01, indicating that a smaller learning rate was more reasonable for fine-tuning training. In addition, the accuracy of the model was improved by the equilibrium parameter with a certain range in a Center Loss function. When the equilibrium parameter was set as 0.12, optimal performance of the updated CNN model was achieved at the initial learning rate of 0.001, where the average classification precision was 0.980 0, the recall was 0.980 1, the F1 score was 0.980 1, the average accuracy was 98.02%, and the testing time per image was 0.327 s. The accuracy of updated CNN increased by 2.82%, while the detection time was reduced by 66.8%, and the number of parameters decreased by 83.4%, compared with the original VGG16 network. The comprehensive performance of the updated VGG16 model was also better than that of AlexNet, ResNet50, and Inception v3 models, indicating obvious advantages in the accuracy, weight space occupation, and testing time for the detection of grape leaf diseases. It infers that the Batch normalization layer can speed up the learning process, whereas, the Global average pooling layer without fully connected layers can greatly reduce the number of weight parameters of the model. Center Loss function improved the ability of fine classification. After deployed into smart phone platform, the detection system maintained an accuracy of 95.67% and detection time of 0.357 s per image for the portable and intelligent diagnostics of grape leaf diseases. The transfer learning provided the possibility of quickly acquiring high-performance model under the condition of small datasets. The finding can provide precise guide for the prevention and control of grape diseases in fields.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Diagnosis - Disease control - Gradient methods - Optimization - Smartphones - Stochastic systems - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Classification precision - Comprehensive performance - Equilibrium parameters - Experimental comparison - High performance modeling - Intelligent diagnostics - Prevention and controls - Stochastic gradient descent
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.82e+00%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 8.34e+01%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Time 3.27e-01s, Time 3.57e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20212410499803
Title:Simulation analysis and verification of egg respiration under different CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations
Title of translation:不同CO<inf>2</inf>浓度下鸡蛋呼吸仿真分析及验证
Authors:Wang, Jiaojiao (1); Wang, Qiaohua (2); Cao, Rui (1); Xie, Juanjuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou; 466001, China; (2) National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:302-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Egg quality depends strictly on the storage environment after acquisition. The concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> has an important influence on the respiration and freshness of eggs during storage. This study aims to further observe the diffusion and freshness changes of CO<inf>2</inf> released from egg respiration under different CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations. The respiration intensity and freshness of stored eggs were measured at the temperature of 25°C, the relative humidity of 65%, the CO<inf>2</inf> volume fraction of 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and air (control group). The egg model was built by UG software. An ICEM CFD software was utilized to establish the fluid domain of the egg released carbon dioxide diffusion, and then divide it into a structural grid. A FLUENT software was selected to complete the diffusion simulation of the first day breathing release CO<inf>2</inf> from eggs with different CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations. The results show that the law of heavy gas diffusion was followed by the diffusion process of CO<inf>2</inf> released from eggs with different CO<inf>2</inf> volume fractions. Four stages were divided into: the initial, descending, mixing, and turbulent flow. The diffusion time in each stage was affected by the concentration of external CO<inf>2</inf>. Specifically, the diffusion amount and speed of CO<inf>2</inf> released by egg respiration gradually decreased, with the increase of CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in the storage environment. Egg respiration was inhibited, as the outside CO<inf>2</inf> concentration increased. There was a significant difference in the respiration intensity and freshness of eggs stored in the external environment with the CO<inf>2</inf> volume fraction of 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% (P< 0.05) during the entire storage. The inhibitory effect on the respiration intensity of the egg was no longer obvious, and the freshness remained unchanged (P> 0.05) when the CO<inf>2</inf> volume fraction reached 3.0%. The freshness level of eggs was still above the AA level, when stored under the environment of CO<inf>2</inf> volume fraction of 3.0%, and 4.5% for 20 d. Taking economic factors into account, the CO<inf>2</inf> volume fraction of 3.0% was better to achieve the optimal freshness of eggs during storage. This study provides new ideas and data support for modified atmosphere preservation of eggs.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide process - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer software - Diffusion - Digital storage - Humidity control - Volume fraction
Uncontrolled terms:CO2 concentration - Diffusion amounts - Diffusion process - External environments - Inhibitory effect - Modified atmosphere - Simulation analysis - Structural grids
Classification code:534.2 Foundry Practice - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.50e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Temperature 2.98e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20212410499779
Title:Selection of suitable drip-emitters for Yellow River water drip irrigation
Title of translation:适用于黄河水滴灌的灌水器筛选研究
Authors:Liu, Lu (1); Hou, Peng (1); Liu, Zeyuan (1); Wu, Naiyang (1); Li, Weishan (1); Wu, Ruonan (1); Wang, Haijun (2); Ma, Yongjiu (3); Li, Yunkai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Tangshan Zhifu Plastic Machinery Co., Ltd., Tangshan; 064100, China; (3) Gansu Yasheng-Yameite water saving Co., Ltd., Lanzhou; 730000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yunkai(yunkai@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:99-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Diversified irrigation water has become an increasingly urgent need, due mainly to the limited fresh water resources and water pollution in China. Consequently, Yellow-river water irrigation has attracted more attention in recent decades. Since the Yellow River is the most sediment-filled river on earth, emitter clogging by a high concentration of sand has confined to the application of drip irrigation. Naturally, anti-clogging performance has been a commonly-used indicator to select the appropriate emitters. However, resource waste, high costs, and carbon footprint have posed a great challenge on both the anti-clogging performance and service life, when selecting the emitter products. In this study, an experimental field test was conducted to select emitter and lateral products suitable for drip irrigation with Yellow-River water, concurrently considering the anti-clogging performance, service life, system cost, and carbon footprint. SPSS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to establish selection indexes, and then to screen the suitable emitter products for various crops in different years. 16 kinds of emitters were also analyzed using Cristiansen Uniformity (CU) coefficient, including inlaid plain channel emitters, inlaid cylindrical emitters, single-wing labyrinth, and inlaid strip emitters. 3 crops were selected to evaluate the drip irrigation laterals. The experimental water was taken from the Wushen Canal in Hetao Irrigation District, and then filtered with sedimentation basin before entering into the drip irrigation system. Irrigation water was treated through the homogeneous filtration of a sand filter and a laminated filter. The work pressure was maintained at 0.1 MPa in operation. The Yellow-River water was operated for 9 h/d with a flushing frequency of once every 60 h at a flow rate of 0.45 m/s and a flushing time of 6 min, a total of 600 h (flushing water) and 720 h (non-flushing water). The results showed that there were significant differences in life cycle, cost and carbon footprint in different types of drip-emitters. The longest life cycle was found in flat emitters, followed by cylindrical emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. The highest cost was found in cylindrical emitters, followed by flat emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. CU of all emitters showed a slow and then rapid downward trend. The highest carbon footprint was cylindrical emitters, followed by flat emitters, strip emitters, and single wing labyrinth emitters. Taking the no-flushing capillary for one-year life cycle as an example, the costs of single wing labyrinth emitters are 52.7%-67.5%, 17.1%-63.5% and 28.7%-54.7% lower than that of cylinder emitters, flat emitters and strip emitters, respectively, and the carbon footprint is 10.6%-14.7%, 0-13.2% and 8.9%-12.6% lower. Consequently, it was recommended to use the single wing labyrinth drip emitter with 2.7 L/h for a 1-year usage period (sunflower), the flat emitter with 1.4 L/h for a 3-year usage period (Chinese wolfberry), and the flat emitter with 2.8 L/h (with capillary flushing) for a 5-year usage period (alfalfa) in the crop irrigation in Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation Area. Capillary flushing demonstrated relatively low effects on the 1 and 3-year period (sunflower and Chinese wolfberry), however, the effects were more obvious on the 5-year use period (alfalfa). This finding can provide a new perspective for the selection of drip-emitter products in large-scale drip irrigation with the high-sand Yellow-River water.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Carbon footprint - Crops - Emission control - Life cycle - Passive filters - River pollution - Rivers - Water - Water filtration - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation systems - Emitter clogging - Fresh water resources - Hetao irrigation districts - Irrigation area - Irrigation waters - Large-scale drip irrigation - Selection indexes
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 453 Water Pollution - 454 Environmental Engineering - 703.2 Electric Filters - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr, Age 3.00e+00yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.06e+01% to 1.47e+01%, Percentage 2.87e+01% to 5.47e+01%, Percentage 5.27e+01% to 6.75e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+00% to 1.26e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Time 2.16e+05s, Time 2.16e+06s, Time 2.59e+06s, Time 3.60e+02s, Velocity 4.50e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20212410499772
Title:Synergistic interpretation model for soil salinity by electromagnetic induction under three typical landforms in arid areas
Title of translation:干旱区三种典型地貌下电磁感应式土壤盐分协同解译模型
Authors:Song, Jianghui (1, 2); Shi, Xiaoyan (1, 2); Wang, Haijiang (1, 2); Lyu, Xin (1, 2); Chen, Jianhua (1, 2); Li, Weidong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Haijiang(wanghaijiang@shzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:81-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate and rapid assessment and measurement of soil salt accumulation and spatial distribution changes are essential for preventing land degradation and improving the ecological environment. The soil Apparent Conductivity (ECa) obtained by electromagnetic induction technology can be more effective and faster to obtain soil salinity information, which helps to overcome some challenges in traditional sampling methods and reduce costs. However, the differences in soil properties among different geomorphologic types may lead to the decrease in the accuracy of EM38 in predicting soil salinity. In order to clarify the effect of soil properties on apparent conductivity under different geomorphologic types, three typical landforms (alluvial-proluvial fan edge, alluvial plain and dry delta) in Manas River Basin of Xinjiang were taken as the research objects. The apparent conductivity data of two measurement modes (horizontal mode EMh and vertical mode EMv) were obtained by using EM38 at different heights from the ground, i.e., 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 cm, respectively. Moreover, in each landform, 20 representative sampling points were selected for soil sample collection, with sampling depth of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm. Soil salt content, soil moisture content, soil clay mass fraction, soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and soil organic carbon content (SOC) were determined. Firstly, path analysis method was used to analyze the influence degree and contribution rate of salt content, soil clay mass fraction, soil CEC and SOC at different depths on apparent conductivity (ECa) measured at different heights. Next, by selecting non-salinity factors with high contribution rate of ECa as auxiliary variables, a multi-factor collaborative interpretation model of soil salinity was established, and compared with the model established only with ECa as independent variable. Finally, the optimal interpretation model of soil salt content was established and the accuracy of the model was evaluated. The results showed that among the three types of landforms, soil salt content was the most important factor affecting the contribution rate of ECa, and there were significant differences in the factors affecting ECa of each soil layer under different landforms. Water content of the upper soil (0-60 cm) contributed most to ECa, whereas soil CEC content and organic carbon content of the bottom soil (60-100 cm) in the alluvial-proluvial fan edge. A high contribution was made by soil salt content at 0-20 cm layer and 40-80 cm layer, whereas CEC and clay mass fraction for 20-40 cm layer in the alluvial plain. And ECa can be significantly affected by CEC content of the upper layer (0-60 cm) and soil organic carbon content of the lower layer (60-100 cm) in the dry delta. According to the accumulative contribution rate of more than 80%, non-salt factors were selected to establish the synergistic interpretation model of layered soil salt under different landforms. The R<inf>adj</inf><sup>2</sup> of different soil layers under three types of landforms increased from 0.81-0.86, 0.57-0.87 and 0.25-0.56 to 0.83-0.91, 0.63-0.93 and 0.48-0.70, respectively. The accuracy verification results showed that the R<sup>2</sup> of salt prediction models for different soil layers under three types of landforms were 0.61-0.81, 0.48-0.85 and 0.35-0.66, respectively. The research results can provide reliable theoretical basis and technical methods for rapid and accurate monitoring of saline soil.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Calcium compounds - Electromagnetic induction - Geomorphology - Landforms - Organic carbon - Predictive analytics - Regression analysis - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulative contribution rates - Cation exchange capacities - Ecological environments - Independent variables - Organic carbon contents - Representative sampling - Soil organic carbon content - Spatial distribution changes
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 481.1.1 Geomorphology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.10e+00m, Size 1.30e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 8.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 8.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20212410504370
Title:Analysis of volatile compounds in large-leaf yellow tea during manufacturing processes using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Title of translation:采用气相色谱-离子迁移谱分析黄大茶加工过程挥发性成分
Authors:Guo, Xiangyang (1, 2); Huo, Yujia (3); Wang, Benyou (3); Wan, Xiaochun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen; 518060, China; (3) Shandong Hanon Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Jinan; 251500, China
Corresponding author:Wan, Xiaochun(xcwan@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:274-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Large-leaf yellow tea (LYT) is a classical beverage with a unique caramel taste similar to the fried rice flavor in Asian areas. LYT processing substantially determines the quality grade of tea, volatile composition, and aroma profile. However, the aroma property and volatile compounds of LYT still remain unclear during processing. This study aims to clarify the volatile compositions and variations in the processing of LYT using the gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometry (GC-IMS), coupled with principal component analysis (PCA). The reason was that the GC-IMS technology was characterized by fast, simple, efficient, and environmentally friendly. A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, and heterocyclic compounds. Among the identified volatile compounds, the main volatile compounds in LYT were heterocyclic compounds and aldehydes. Moreover, the relative numbers of heterocyclic compounds increased significantly with the process of tea after fixing treatment. Meanwhile, the relative content of aldehydes enhanced dramatically, whereas those of alcohols and ketones compounds decreased remarkably after primary roasting. In addition, the linalool oxide (trans-furanoid) with floral odor was only identified in the previous samples with primary roasted treatment, where the highest relative amount accounted for 21.98 % of the total found in fresh tea leaves (FTL). The 1-octen-3-one and acetophenone were only identified in tea samples after primary roasted processing. Furthermore, the differential profiles and chromatographic fingerprint of LYT during processing were established using the volatile compounds detected by GC-IMS technology. The characteristic chromatographic regions consisted of benzaldehyde, 2, 5-dimethylfuran, furfurol and dimethyl disulfide in the full-fire processing of LYT. A PCA analysis was performed on the identified volatile compounds to further distinguish LYT processes, where the accumulated contribution rate of the first two principal components (PC 1 for 65.0 %, PC 2 for 15.5 %) was 80.5 %, indicating that the GC-IMS was useful to discriminate the LYT samples of different processes. The tea samples were separated according to the processes, where there was a far distance between FTL and LYT, indicating that the tea processing was vitally important to the formation of aroma characteristics of LYT. The findings can provide new insight into the determination of volatile compounds for better monitoring process and quality control of tea.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Volatile organic compounds
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Aromatic compounds - Calcination - Gas chromatography - Ion chromatography - Ion mobility spectrometers - Ketones - Odors - Quality control - Spectrometry - Sulfur compounds - Tea
Uncontrolled terms:Chromatographic fingerprints - Dimethyl disulfides - Heterocyclic compound - Ion mobility spectrometry - Manufacturing process - Principal Components - Volatile composition - Volatile compounds
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 8.05e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20212410504384
Title:Simulation of desalination process in dredger fill soil under natural and engineering measures
Title of translation:自然和工程措施条件下吹填土壤脱盐过程模拟
Authors:Li, Shan (1); Wang, Qian (1); Wu, Miao (1); Fang, Wei (2); Zhang, Huping (2); Yang, Guanchuan (2); Li, Jingsi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) China Communications Group Shanghai Waterway Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai; 200120, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:91-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Land reclamation has become an important way to take land from the sea or wetlands, in order to create much more living space in over-crowded coastal areas. However, there is serious soil salinization of hydraulic fill, where most offshore sediments are added into the surrounding seawater with a generally high salt content. The hydraulic fill project also causes the groundwater discharge path to be extended. These impacts have posed a great challenge on the efficiency of investment and the speed of ecological environmental recovery. Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately predict the desalination process, rate and duration for land use planning and ecological environment restoration in reclaiming coastal areas. Taking the coating finishing project in the eastern new area of Taizhou in Eastern China as a research area, a DRAINMOD-S model was extended to the simulation and prediction of natural desalination process in hydraulic reclamation. The hydrological and desalination process in the model were calibrated using the hydrological and salt data from the regional monitoring points after one year of reclamation. Two modes were selected to implement the field test, including the natural desalination and the specific desalination process under comprehensive control measures. In natural desalination, the salt of dredger fill under the rainfall was discharged from the soil along the drainage into the nearby river. In specific desalination, the comprehensive treatments were mainly composed of the water conservancy, supplemented by biological control measures, thereby to speed up the output of salt. The results show that the DRAINMOD-S model better simulated the hydrological process and the salt leaching of hydraulic fill. The variation of groundwater level was basically consistent with the measured value. Specifically, the average deviation was -3.40 cm, while the average absolute deviation was 6.90 cm, and the root mean square error was 8.60 cm and the correlation coefficient was 0.79, as well as, the average deviation of soil salt concentration was -0.08 g/L, while the average absolute deviation was 0.20 g/L, and the root mean square error was 0.24 g/L and the correlation coefficient was 0.91. The soil salt of hydraulic fill was slowly decreasing under the natural rainfall and river drainage, where the annual average desalination rate was 0.45 g/L, while, the duration for the soil to reach the desalination standard was about 27 a. In contrast, the comprehensive treatments greatly shortened the desalination of dredger fill, where the average annual desalination rate increased to 0.73-1.80 g/L, while the desalination time reduced to 3-13 a. As such, the comprehensive treatments can be technically feasible to rapidly leach and drain the salt. In theoretical case, the better leaching can be achieved in the deeper buried depth and the smaller distance between underground pipelines, but the investment cost would be relatively high. Therefore, an optimal strategy can be further selected to balance multiple factors, such as the actual needs of project and investment budgets. The proposed model can be expected to serve the preliminary prediction for the land-building projects, land use management, and ecological environment reconstruction.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Process control
Controlled terms:Budget control - Coastal zones - Desalination - Drainage - Dredges - Dredging - Ecology - Economics - Forecasting - Groundwater - Investments - Land reclamation - Land use - Leaching - Mean square error - Offshore oil well production - Pipelines - Rain - Reclamation - Soils - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Average absolute deviation - Comprehensive controls - Correlation coefficient - Ecological environments - Engineering measures - Ground water discharge - Root mean square errors - Underground pipeline
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density -8.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.40e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.30e-01kg/m3 to 1.80e+00kg/m3, Size -3.40e-02m, Size 6.90e-02m, Size 8.60e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20212410499735
Title:Remediation effects of compound well on nitrate pollution in groundwater
Title of translation:复合井修复地下水硝酸盐污染的效果
Authors:Liu, Peigui (1); Zeng, Kanghui (1); Shang, Manting (2); Liu, Xiangwei (3); Yang, Hui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (2) School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (3) Reconnaissance Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resource, Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa; 850000, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Manting(hfut_smt@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:214-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Nitrate pollution has posed a great threat to groundwater near farmlands, due mainly to the long-term agricultural fertilization and soil microorganisms. Nitrates with strong migration ability have entered the zone of saturation along with water movement. High concentrations of nitrates are directly detrimental to the safety of groundwater source areas. In this study, three systems A, B, and C were constructed to explore an in-situ bioremediation technology for the detection of nitrate-contaminated groundwater around farmland. Every system consisted of wells, storage tanks, and peristaltic pumps. System A was used to simulate a tube well with a diameter of 7 cm. System B and C were used to simulate compound wells, where there were a large well with a diameter of 14 and a tube well with a diameter of 7 cm. Every tube well was filled with fine sand in the same volume and height, where the height of fine sand was 12cm. The large diameter wells in system B and C were filled with fine sand with the heights of 4 cm and 8 cm, respectively. Both tube wells and large wells were used to simulate the complete penetration wells. The bottom of the wells was sealed, where water flowed in from the side walls. The peristaltic pumps were installed on the top of wells to simulate water pumping. The volume ratio of the reaction medium was 1: 2: 3 in three systems. The ratio of hydraulic retention time was also 1: 2: 4 under the same flow rate. The biofilm was naturally domesticated. Ethanol was used as the carbon source. A total of 6 groups were set in the reaction stage, including 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/L, according to the concentration gradients of nitrate nitrogen. The test results showed that the microorganisms in the reaction medium could basically select the dominant strains within one day when the nitrate concentration increased instantaneously, leading to match the changes in nitrate loading conditions for the better denitrification capacity. In-situ bioremediation systems were also constructed with compound wells including tube wells and large diameter wells, in order to repair nitrate-contaminated groundwater and the nitrate loading of every system. The nitrate loadings of three remediation systems A-C were 75-100 mg/L, 100-125 mg/L, and 125-150 mg/L at the flow rate of 0.26 m/d. The removal rate of remediation systems reached more than 95% within nitrate loading. There was no accumulation of nitrite and excessive ammonia nitrogen, indicating the feasibility of repair systems with compound wells. Groundwater mining and remediation were carried out simultaneously without the need to cut off agricultural non-point source pollution, indicating high security for groundwater source area. In addition, a combination of tube wells and large diameter wells can be installed to compound wells with a relatively simple well drilling (including phreatic water and confined water). The diameter of wells and height of the reaction medium can be adjusted for better removal of nitrates, according to the thickness of the aquifer, the amount of water demand, and the level of nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Physical test models were used to determine the nitrate loading intervals of three remediation systems. In the future work, the hydrogeochemical model will be established to accurately determine the maximum nitrate loadings of repair systems with compound wells, together with the influence of medium heterogeneity on the remediation performance.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Ammonia - Aquifers - Bioremediation - Biotechnology - Farms - Groundwater pollution - Groundwater resources - Microorganisms - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Pumps - Repair - Tubes (components) - Well drilling
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural fertilization - Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Concentration gradients - Contaminated groundwater - Denitrification capacity - Hydraulic retention time - Hydrogeochemical model - In-situ bioremediation
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.8 Biotechnology - 461.9 Biology - 618.2 Pumps - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.5 Maintenance
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3 to 1.25e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.25e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.25e-01kg/m3 to 1.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.50e-02kg/m3 to 1.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20212410499816
Title:Ear segmentation and phenotypic trait extraction of maize based on three-dimensional point cloud skeleton
Title of translation:基于骨架的玉米植株三维点云果穗分割与表型参数提取
Authors:Zhu, Chao (1, 2); Miao, Teng (1, 2); Xu, Tongyu (1, 2); Li, Na (1, 2); Deng, Hanbing (1, 2); Zhou, Yuncheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Miao, Teng(miaoteng@syau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:295-301
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Accurate and high-throughput maize plant phenotyping is vital for crop breeding and cultivation research. Ear related phenotypic parameters are important agronomic traits. However, fully automatic and fine ear organ segmentation of maize shoots from three-dimensional (3D) point clouds is still challenging. To address this issue, a skeleton-based maize plant organ segmentation process was used to segment the ear organs of the plant and extract phenotypic parameters. Firstly, the Laplace based skeleton extraction algorithm was utilized to generate plant skeleton. In this study, breadth first search method was used to obtain all the connected branches of the plant skeleton. The connected branches with the largest number of vertices were retained as the plant skeleton, while the small skeletons formed by the other connected branches were deleted to ensure that the plant skeleton is a connected undirected graph. Secondly, the plant skeleton was decomposed into several organ sub skeletons using Dijkstra algorithm, and then the organ sub skeletons were divided into stem sub skeletons and non-stem sub skeletons according to the angle features of sub skeletons and point cloud cylinder features. After that, the organ sub skeletons were used to obtain the seed points of each organ, and then the unsegmented points were classified in the order from the top to the bottom of the plant in turn, to get the final organ segmentation results. Four constraints (organ height constraint, sub-skeleton length constraint, cylindrical feature constraint, and the point cloud number constraint) were used to identify ear organs from all organ instances. Four constraints (organ height constraint, sub-skeleton length constraint, cylindrical feature constraint, and the point cloud number constraint) were used to identify ear organs from all organ instances. Four phenotypic traits, ear height, ear length, ear diameter and the ratio of plant height to ear height, were extracted using the ear organ instance. The segmentation method was tested on 15 maize plants. This study took about 24 seconds to process the maize plant with 10 000 point clouds. The result showed that the proposed method had a strong ability of ear recognition. The ear recognition accuracy was 91.3%. The average F1 score, average precision, and average recall of the all the ear organs were 0.73, 0.82, and 0.70 respectively. Furthermore, to compare with the phenotypic parameters obtained by the proposed method in this paper and those obtained by manual measurement, the regression analysis was done and the results showed that the determination coefficients of ear height, ear length, ear diameter and the ratio of plant height to ear height, were 0.97, 0.78, 0.85, and 0.96, respectively, the root mean square error were 3.23, 4.98, 0.73 cm, and 0.07, respectively. There were also some problems in this method. First of all, if the distance between the ear tip point cloud and the other organ point cloud was too close, the ear skeleton might fail to be extracted, resulting in the ear could not be segmented, which often occurred in the second ear with a smaller volume. Secondly, the ability of the segmentation method to identify the boundary between the ear and other organs needs to be improved, which would lead to false segmentation of the ear point cloud, and more probability of under segmentation. The proposed algorithm cloud extract the point cloud and phenotypic parameters of ear organs. As far as we know, this was the first method to obtain this effect. The proposed approach might play an important role in further maize research and applications, such as genotype-to-phenotype study, geometric reconstruction, and dynamic growth monitoring.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Musculoskeletal system
Controlled terms:Extraction - Mean square error - Parameter estimation - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Breadth-first search - Determination coefficients - Research and application - Root mean square errors - Segmentation methods - Skeleton length constraints - Three-dimensional point clouds - Threedimensional (3-d)
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.13e+01%, Size 7.30e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20212410504358
Title:Rapid measurement system for the impurity rate of machine-picked seed cotton in acquisition
Title of translation:机采籽棉收购环节含杂率快速检测系统研制
Authors:Wan, Long (1, 2); Pang, Yujie (1, 2); Zhang, Ruoyu (1, 2); Jiang, Yinglan (1, 2); Zhang, Mengyun (1, 2); Song, Fangdan (1, 2); Chang, Jinqiang (1, 2); Xia, Bin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Zhengzhou Cotton & Jute Engineering Technology and Design Research Institute of China CO-OP, Zhengzhou; 450004, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Ruoyu(ry248@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:182-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Impurity separation test is widely used to detect the impurity rate of seed cotton in purchasing, due mainly to the fact that some foreign matter can be picked manually. However, the average consuming time for a cotton sample test is 20-30 minutes. A new testing procedure is, therefore, necessary to rapidly detect the impurities rate, and thereby to classify the seed cotton for high production efficiency. In this study, an intelligent measurement system was developed using machine vision to detect the impurity rate of machine-picked seed cotton in acquisition. The whole system consisted of a drive transmission unit, a cotton pressing unit, a sensor unit, a machine vision system, and a control system. A cleaning machine for large impurities was utilized to mechanically remove the cotton stems and hulls from the 500 g sample of seed cotton. The cotton sample without large impurities was weighed, and then transported into the machine vision system. The surface of seed cotton was automatically compacted by the pressing unit, aiming to reduce the influences of uneven brightness and shadows in subsequent image acquisition. The RGB double-sided imaging was selected to acquire the image of seed cotton. The homomorphic filtering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were selected to preprocess the collected RGB images. A local adaptive threshold was then utilized to segment the preprocessed images into the impurities and cotton. After that, the segmented regions of impurities were calculated to predict the weight of small impurities. The total weight of impurities was equal to the predicted value of small impurities and the measured value of large impurities. The rate of small impurities was the ratio of predicted value to the sample weight without large impurities. The final impurity rate was achieved for the total weight of impurities in the total 500 g sample of seed cotton. Linear Regression (LR) and support vector regression (SVR) models were used to compare the predicted accuracy. The LR achieved a better performance, where the determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> for the final impurities rate was 0.95, and the root-mean-square error was 0.58%. The mean absolute error of the final impurity rate was 0.36 percentage points of 100 extra testing samples. The processing time was 48.38 s for a single detection of sample impurity rate. The findings can provide a sound reference to the measuring equipment for the impurity rate of machine-picked seed cotton during the acquisition process.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Removal
Controlled terms:Computer vision - Cotton - Image acquisition - Image segmentation - Machinery - Mean square error - Support vector regression - Turing machines
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Homomorphic filtering - Intelligent measurement - Machine vision systems - Measuring equipments - Production efficiency - Root mean square errors - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e-01kg, Percentage 5.80e-01%, Time 1.20e+03s to 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20212410499843
Title:Spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and driving force of territorial space evolution in the Yellow River Delta
Title of translation:黄河三角洲国土空间演变的时空分异特征与驱动力分析
Authors:Qu, Yanbo (1); Wang, Shilei (1); Zhu, Weiya (2); Ping, Zongli (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan; 250014, China; (2) Shandong Land Survey and Planning Institute, Jinan; 250014, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Weiya(zhangyongjeff@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:252-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Territorial space is an essential carrier to support the sustainable development of ecological civilization in the human community. It is necessary to accurately identify the types of territorial space, and thereby to determine the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and driving factors. Taking the High-Efficiency Eco-economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta as the research area, this study aims to optimize the pattern of land and space under the guideline of "process-pattern-drive". Firstly, a territorial space classification system was constructed using the remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020. Secondly, a chord diagram model in visualization data and Geo-information Tupu were selected to describe the evolution of territorial space. A gravity-center shift model and spatial autocorrelation were used to clarify the spatial and temporal pattern in territorial space evolution. Finally, a geographic detector was used to analyze the driving mechanism of territorial space evolution. The results showed that: 1) The change rates of territorial space in the Yellow River Delta were 0.39% and 2.1% in 2000-2010 and 2010-2020, respectively. There was an increasingly significant change in the territorial space structure. The territorial space evolution included the internal exchange of agricultural space, the exchange of ecological space and agricultural space, as well as the transfer of urban space to ecological space. 2) The gravity-center of ecological space shifted 23.903 km to the southeast in the Yellow River Delta, indicating the longest migration path from 2000 to 2020. Nevertheless, the gravity center of agricultural space shifted 3.241 km to the northwest with the shortest migration path. In addition, the spatial agglomeration of territorial space change was mainly concentrated in the coastal areas. The agricultural and urban space occupied the ecological space from 2000 to 2010, whereas, the urban space fed back ecological and agricultural space from 2010 to 2020. 3) There were different driving factors for the spatial differentiation in the spatial change rate in various periods. Specifically, the policy and institutional environment dominated the study area after the construction of the high efficiency eco-economic zone, whereas, the traffic location and the level of economic development dominated before that. A reasonable and orderly pattern of land protection was also established to evaluate regional resources, environment carrying capacity, and territorial space suitability ("double assessment"), thereby clarifying the carrying scale and suitability level of regional development for the decision-making on the territorial space strategies.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Data visualization - Decision making - Digital storage - Economic analysis - Efficiency - Planning - Regional planning - Remote sensing - Rivers - Sustainable development - Urban planning
Uncontrolled terms:Classification system - Environment carrying capacities - Geo-information Tupu - Regional development - Spatial and temporal patterns - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial differentiation - Temporal and spatial evolutions
Classification code:403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.10e+00%, Percentage 3.90e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20212410499731
Title:Effects of high salt and high oil content on anaerobic fermentation enzyme activity and production of VFAs in food waste
Title of translation:高盐高油对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵酶活性及产VFAs的影响
Authors:Gu, Shiyan (1); Yan, Yisong (1); Zhang, Wenyi (1); Sun, Jiyang (1); Zhang, Min (1); Li, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shenyang Agricultural University, School of Engineering, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yi(yilisyau2000@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Food waste is an excellent raw material for anaerobic fermentation, due to its rich in starch, protein, and high content of organic matter. But there are relatively high concentrations of salt and oil difficult to remove, particularly on a high removal cost in anaerobic fermentation. This study aims to explore the effects of high salt and oil in eat hutch garbage on the acid production and related enzyme activities of anaerobic fermentation. Taking food waste as the raw material in fermentation, a batch anaerobic fermentation test was carried out under the conditions of inoculation content of 30%, the Total Solid (TS) of 8%, the temperature of 35℃, and the initial pH of 7. A minimal inhibitory concentration test was selected to determine the high concentration in salt and oil. Initial raw materials were divided into six test groups for anaerobic fermentation according to the maximum concentration and gradient of salt and oil, including 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16 g/L. A detection was performed on the Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD) in biogas slurry, to determine the type and content of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs), as well as activity change of amylase, protease, coenzyme F420, and dehydrogenase. The experimental results are as follows. The SCOD did not change, but the peak SCOD decreased by 23%-38% with a 2-3 d delay, indicating a more intense inhibition phenomenon with the increase of salt/oil concentration. The high salt/oil content delayed the occurrence time for the peak of VFAs, leading to the accumulation of VFAs. The accumulation peak of VFAs decreased first and then increased with the increase of the salt/oil content, where the accumulation concentration of VFAs decreased by 34.76%. Moreover, the decomposition of oil-produced VFAs contributed to the increase in the concentration peak of VFAs. Butyric acid (accounting for 54%-75%) was the main acid product under the condition of high salt/oil. There were similar contents (about 10%-20%) of propionic acid, acetic acid, and isovaleric acid. The lowest contents were only 1%-8% of n-hexanoic acid, isobutyric acid, and n-valeric acid. There were few different proportions of VFAS components under various conditions of high salt/oil. The peak values decreased by 5%-35%, 7%-17%, 8%-27%, 5%-26% for the activity of amylase, protease, coenzyme F420, and dehydrogenase, respectively. Furthermore, the peak value of related enzyme activity all appeared 3-6 d later. There was more obvious inhibition of enzyme activity as the concentration of salt/oil increased. Therefore, the high salt/oil inhibited the dissolution of organic matter in anaerobic fermentation, further inhibiting the activities of hydrolase and methanase as a result of the accumulation of VFAs. This finding can provide a promising theoretical basis for the effect of high salt/oil on anaerobic fermentation.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Amylases - Biogeochemistry - Butyric acid - Chemical detection - Chemical oxygen demand - Coenzymes - Enzyme activity - Enzyme inhibition - Fermentation - Food waste - Oils and fats - Propionic acid - Salt removal - Saturated fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Different proportions - Isobutyric acid - Isovaleric acids - Maximum concentrations - Minimal inhibitory concentration - Soluble chemical oxygen demands - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.60e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01% to 3.80e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.48e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20212410499788
Title:Effects of thermal insulation projection on indoor light environment and tomato growth performance in plastic greenhouse
Title of translation:保温被投影对塑料大棚室内光环境及番茄生长性能的影响
Authors:Cao, Yanfei (1); Shi, Miao (1); Liu, Xin (1); Ding, Juanjuan (2); Li, Jianming (1); Sun, Xianpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:190-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A thermal insulation material has widely been used to cover the roof of a greenhouse at night for an energy-saving production of indoor heat. The current mainstream winding of thermal insulation is fixed at the top of a roof, while movable at the bottom. However, there is often a shadow zone indoors during the daytime, when the thermal insulation staying on the top of the greenhouse. This study aims to clarify the changing characteristics of the shadow zone during the year, thereby determining the influence of the shadow zone on the growth of tomatoes. An asymmetric thermal insulation plastic greenhouse was utilized as the test object with a span of 18.0 m (inner span of 16.6 m), the length of 70.0 m, and the ridge height of 6.0 m (inner ridge height of 5.2 m) in Yangling, Shaanxi Province of China. In the east-west direction of the greenhouse, the area of horizontal projection on the south roof (SA) was set as the 11.26 m projection width of the inner south roof (the projection width of the outer south roof was 12.0 m), while, the area of horizontal projection on the north roof (NA) was 5.35 m projection width of the inner north roof (the projection width of the outer north roof was 6.0 m). The variation of shadow zone was calculated in the indoor cultivation area during the year, according to the trigonometric relationship between the direct sunlight and the thermal blankets on the roof. A solar radiation sensor was used to capture the solar radiation of NA and SA cultivation areas. The plant height and stem thickness of tomatoes in different cultivation areas were measured using tape measure and vernier caliper, respectively. A LI 6800 system was also utilized to measure leaf photosynthetic parameters, including the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency of tomato leaves. Finally, the yield and quantity of tomato fruit were also measured to compare. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the SA area, 38.9% and 27.9% of solar radiation in the NA area were blocked on sunny and cloudy days, respectively. 2) The shadow zone was formed in the indoor cultivation area from February 26. The area of the shadow zone reached the maximum of 146.8 m<sup>2</sup> on March 29, accounting for 13.2% of the total cultivated area. Furthermore, the area of the shadow zone began to decrease on September 12 until it reached zero on October 14. The number of days with the shadow zone in the cultivation area was 231 d, accounting for 63.3% of the total number of days in the year. 3) Plant height and stem thickness of tomatoes in the NA area were significantly lower than those in the SA area from 33 days after planting. 4) The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and water use efficiency of tomatoes in the NA area were significantly lower than those in the SA area. 5) The average fruit weight per plant, the fruit number per plant, and the average fruit yield per plant in the NA area were 10.5%, 21.3%, and 29.5% lower than those in the SA area, respectively.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Thermal insulation
Controlled terms:Energy conservation - Fruits - Greenhouses - Plants (botany) - Roofs - Solar radiation - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:Horizontal projections - Indoor light environments - Net photosynthetic rate - Photosynthetic parameters - Solar radiation sensors - Stomatal conductance - Thermal insulation materials - Water use efficiency
Classification code:413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 461.9 Biology - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.04e-02yr, Area 1.47e+02m2, Percentage 1.05e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 2.13e+01%, Percentage 2.79e+01%, Percentage 2.95e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Size 1.13e+01m, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 1.66e+01m, Size 1.80e+01m, Size 5.20e+00m, Size 5.35e+00m, Size 6.00e+00m, Size 7.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20212410499806
Title:Progress in foreign agricultural aviation electrostatic spray technologies and references for China
Title of translation:国外农业航空静电喷雾技术研究进展与借鉴
Authors:Hang, Yali (1, 2); Huang, Xinrong (1, 2); Wang, Linlin (2, 3); Deng, Jizhong (1, 2); Zeng, Wen (1, 2); Lan, Yubin (2, 3); Tahir, Muhammad Naveed (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) National Center for International Collaboration Research on Precision Agricultural Aviation Pesticides Spraying Technology, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi; 46300, Pakistan
Corresponding author:Lan, Yubin(ylan@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:50-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Chemical pesticide residues have posed a great impact on crops and the ecological environment in recent years, as the prevention and control of crop diseases and pests have widely been used in agricultural production. Consequently, an aerial pesticide application technology has become an effective way for plant protection in modern agriculture. The powerful technology is characterized to reduce the numbers and residues of pesticides for the better effectiveness of pesticide application. Alternatively, a high-voltage electrostatic device is often used to charge the spray droplets in an electrostatic spray system. Specifically, the chemical liquid is atomized into droplets near the nozzle to obtain a charge of the same polarity as the nozzle. An electrostatic field is then formed between the nozzle and the crop target under the action of high-voltage static electricity. As such, the droplets of opposite polarity are quickly adsorbed on the front and back of crop targets during the spraying process. Aerial electrostatic spraying is a deep integration of electrostatic spray system and aviation pesticide spraying in precision agriculture. The droplets can quickly be deposited along the power line in the process of aircraft spraying, thereby greatly reducing the drift loss for highly efficient deposition of droplets. Furthermore, the electrostatic spray technology has achieved excellent control effects on crops, fruit trees, and greenhouse vegetables in field tests. The top countries of aerial electrostatic spray technology in the world are the United States and Brazil, in terms of technology usage, and innovation. Particularly, the electrostatic spray technology in the United States has been fully commercialized for the aviation spraying equipment. In addition, an efficient aircraft is highly required for large-scale planting and plant protection in vast arable land and mostly plains in some developing countries. The manned fixed-wing aircraft is mainly used in electrostatic spray systems at present. This review outlined the international development of aerial electrostatic spraying technology to further clarify two main lines of reports at home and aboard, ranging from basic theoretical research to commercialization process. An application level of technology was set to analyze in China. The research on aviation electrostatic spray technology in China has presented a promising increase trend, due mainly to small environmental and topographical impacts in field tests. Moreover, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has become the most suitable aircraft equipped with an electrostatic spray system after long-term research. However, large research gaps still remained in manned vehicles and lately commercial plant protection UAV, compared with the state-of-the-art electrostatic spray technologies overseas. There were also numerously repeated and invalid studies overlapped in the main parameters in China. Anyway, it is still necessary to delve into the specific interaction mechanism between the process of spraying droplets and the operating parameters. The industrialized development of aviation electrostatic spray system was also reviewed at the end, together with the development prospects. Some suggestions were listed as: (1) The performance of each charge needed to be elucidated in the aerial electrostatic spray system. (2) The measurement technology of charged droplet deposition was highly demanding to accurately evaluate the actual properties of electrostatic spray. (3) Measurement of charge-to-mass ratio was necessary to rethinking using the cutting-edged quantum theories. An ever-increasing demand is coming soon using aviation electrostatic spray system for crop protection.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:81
Main heading:Pesticides
Controlled terms:Agricultural implements - Agricultural robots - Antennas - Commercial vehicles - Crops - Deposition - Developing countries - Disease control - Drops - Electrostatic devices - Electrostatics - Environmental technology - Fixed wings - Orchards - Quantum computers - Quantum theory - Spray nozzles - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Development prospects - Ecological environments - Electrostatic spraying - International development - Measurement technologies - Pesticide applications - Prevention and controls
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 662.1 Automobiles - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.4 Quantum Theory; Quantum Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20212410499894
Title:Distribution of calcareous concretion in soil profile and their effects on soil water retention in calcic vertisol
Title of translation:砂姜黑土钙质结核剖面分布特征及其对土壤持水性的影响
Authors:Gu, Feng (1, 2); Chen, Xuejiao (3); Wei, Cuilan (2, 4); Zhou, Minghua (1); Li, Baoguo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu; 610065, China; (4) School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing; 210036, China
Corresponding author:Li, Baoguo(Libg@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Calcic vertisol is a typical kind of low-yield field with a total area of about 4 million hm<sup>2</sup> in China. Calcareous concretion with particle size larger than 2 mm has been one of the representative characteristics of calcic vertisol. The limitation of soil available water is an important reason for crop failure in this region. Therefore, the curve of soil water retention dominates the estimation of available water content. However, most studies focused on the effects of calcareous concretion on soil water retention of calcic vertisol mainly under laboratory conditions. It is lacking that under field conditions. In this study, both field surveys and laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the effect of calcareous concretion distribution in 0-1 m soil profile on soil water retention. Firstly, the spatial distribution of calcareous concretion was investigated in the study plot with 150 m length, 50 m width, and 1 m depth. After then, soil profiles (0-1 m soil depth) were chosen to divide into 5 layers with a 20 cm interval. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in each layer. Physicochemical properties were evaluated to measure the distribution of soil particle size, size and content of calcareous concretion, bulk densities of soil, and calcareous concretions. Meanwhile, the curves of soil water retention were determined using high speed centrifuge. A pressure plate method was conducted to measure water retention curves in calcareous concretion. The results showed that the mass contents of clay, silt, and sand were 30.56%-39.75%, 39.88%-45.34%, and 18.67%-24.45%, respectively, which belonged to silty clay soil in the classification standard of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Clayey particles decreased, but sandy particles increased significantly with the increase of soil depth. Calcareous concretion was mainly distributed in the soil depth of > 20-100 cm, where the content and size increased as soil depth increased. Calcareous concretions content in the surface soil (0-20 cm) was very low (with mass content 0.02%), where only a few calcareous concretions of 2-5 mm were discovered. The maximum content of calcareous concretion was detected at > 80-100 cm (up to 11.42%), where the calcareous concretion content was 8.04% in the size of > 8-30 mm. Soil bulk density ranged from 1.23-1.61 g•cm<sup>-3</sup>. The densities of calcareous concretions were 2.01, 2.21, and 2.23 g/cm<sup>3</sup> with the size of 2-5 mm, > 5-8 mm, and > 8-30 mm, respectively. Soil bulk density increased along with the calcareous concretion content increasing. Water retention curves of soil and calcareous concretion were well fitted by the van Genuchten model, with the determination coefficient larger than 0.95. The saturated water content of surface soil (0-20 cm) was significantly higher than that of 20-100 cm soil. Nevertheless, the Gravitational-water content in the surface soil (0-20 cm) was much larger than that in the soil of > 20-100 cm, which was related to macropores formed during tillage. In the subsurface (> 20-100 cm), soil gravitational-water content and available water-holding capacity increased with the increase of soil depth, but the field capacity and wilting point decreased. Calcareous concretion maintained a non-negligible amount of water, 0.25, 0.22, and 0.20 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> in the particles with the size of 2-5 mm, > 5-8 mm, and > 8-30 mm, respectively. But the water-holding capacities of calcareous concretion were significantly lower than that of soil. The effects of calcareous concretion on water-holding capacity mainly occurred in the subsurface soil. Soil saturated water content, field capacity, and wilting point decreased with increasing calcareous concretion. Interestingly, calcareous concretion content was positively correlated with the soil sand content, but negatively correlated with the soil clay content. Calcareous concretion can bind soil particles together to prevent sand weathering, and thereby effectively improve soil texture. More calcareous concretion led to higher sand contents, and thus increased the available water-holding capacity in soil. This finding can provide a theoretical basis to accurately assess the soil water-holding capacity in calcic vertisol for precision irrigation and high crop productivity.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Clay - Crops - Liquefaction - Particle size - Physicochemical properties - Sand - Soil moisture - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Available water contents - Classification standard - Determination coefficients - Laboratory experiments - Pressure plate methods - Soil saturated water contents - United states department of agricultures - Water holding capacity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.23e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.87e+01% to 2.44e+01%, Percentage 2.00e-02%, Percentage 3.06e+01% to 3.98e+01%, Percentage 8.04e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.50e+02m, Size 2.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 5.00e+01m, Size 5.00e-03m to 8.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 8.00e-03m to 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20212410499740
Title:Preparation and properties of ecological concrete with maize-cob aggregate
Title of translation:玉米芯骨料生态混凝土的制备及性能
Authors:Ji, Xiaoshan (1); Li, Qiuyi (1); Liu, Juan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Civil Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Juan(349604216@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:289-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">52 million tons of maize cobs are produced behind a huge annual output of maize each year in China. A maize cob was normally estimated as 21% of a whole maize. Previous maize cobs are generally discarded or burned as fuel, wasting natural biomass resources, while seriously polluting the environment. Currently, most maize cobs with a low utilization rate are used in the field of feeding, fungus planting, and chemical industry. Actually, maize cobs can serve as insulation materials or non-load-bearing structures, due to the high toughness, moderate strength, sound and heat insulation from the naturally porous structure. But only a few studies were focused on the utilization of maize cobs in construction. Waste concrete after crushing and screening can be an alternative way to prepare recycled aggregates with maize cobs in rural areas. In this study, a light and heat-preservation ecological concrete was fabricated, where maize cobs were broken into particles to serve as coarse aggregates in recycled mortar. The particle gradation of maize-cob aggregate was analyzed under various cement-sand ratios and maize-cob volume contents. A field test was also conducted to evaluate the performances of ecological concrete. The results show that the ecological concrete behaved a high strength with the reasonable particle gradation, when the mass ratio for the small and large particles of maize cob was 1: 1.5. There was little influence of cement-sand ratio on the dry density of ecological concrete. But the recycled sand contributed to the decrease of thermal conductivity and strength. The dry density, thermal conductivity, and strength of ecological concrete decreased obviously with the increase of maize-cob volume content. In the field test, the dry density of ecological concrete was 1 200-1 550 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, while the thermal conductivity was 0.20-0.26 W/m•K, and the 28d strength was 2.0-5.7 MPa. The thermal conductivity was positively correlated with the 28 d strength of ecological concrete, while both increased as the dry density increased. Ecological concrete with maize-cob aggregate can be expected to replace traditional building material in agricultural and rural construction, due to its light weight, thermal insulation, and high strength. The utilization of maize cobs in ecological concrete can alleviate agricultural wastes occupies and incineration pollution. The treatment of maize cob and recycled sand can also promote the recycling use of solid wastes in agriculture and construction in rural areas.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Concrete aggregates
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Cements - Chemical industry - Concrete testing - High performance concrete - Recycling - Rural areas - Sand - Sound insulation - Strength of materials - Thermal conductivity - Thermal insulation - Waste incineration - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Heat preservation - Insulation materials - Non-load bearings - Porous structures - Recycled aggregates - Rural constructions - Traditional buildings - Utilization rates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 412 Concrete - 412.1 Cement - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 413.3 Sound Insulating Materials - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.20e+03kg/m3 to 1.55e+03kg/m3, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Pressure 2.00e+06Pa to 5.70e+06Pa, Thermal_Conductivity 2.00e-01W/m*K to 2.60e-01W/m*K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20212410499834
Title:Effects of water stress on dynamic development quality of Agaricus bisporus and water efficiency in greenhouse
Title of translation:水分胁迫对温室双孢菇动态发育品质及水分利用效率的影响
Authors:Ji, Jiangtao (1, 2); Zhao, Xiangpeng (1); Wang, Rongxian (3); Zhao, Kaixuan (1); Ma, Hao (1); Jin, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) College of Mechanical Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to examine the effect of matrix water on the expansion of mushroom shape, thereby determining the efficient water application of Agaricus bisporus in a greenhouse. A matrix water stress test of Abisporus bisporus during the whole growth period was conducted in the greenhouse in Henan University of Science and Technology of China in August 2020. The "Aoji No. 1" variety was taken as experimental material. An environmental control system was developed to adjust the temperature, air humidity, and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in the greenhouse. Four groups of matrix moistures were set at the saturated water holding rate of 80%-90% (full water treatment, T1), 70%-80% (light stress, T2), 60%-70% (moderate stress, T3), and 50%-60% (severe stress, T4). A sensor of soil moisture RS485 was selected to monitor the water content of substrate soil. The key parameters were determined, including the development morphological index, single mushroom quality, regional mushroom quality, yield, and water use efficiency of Agaricus bisporus during the fruiting period. The results showed that: 1) The thickness of mushroom cover and the stalk diameter were evidently reduced with the increase of soil water stress. There was no significant influence of soil water stress on the height of mushrooms. The maximum thickness of mushroom cover and stalk diameter decreased by 26.1% and 24.9% under severe stress of soil water. The harvest time was delayed by 16.5 h, when the size of mushroom cover was used as the index of fruiting, compared with full water treatment (P < 0.05). 2) The gradual, rapid, and slow growth stages were included in the development of cover thickness, stalk diameter, and mushroom height. Soil water stress reduced the peak of growth rate for the thickness of mushroom cover. The peak growth rate of mushroom stalk and cover were gradually advanced, whereas, the rapid growth time was prolonged significantly with the aggravation of soil water stress. Compared with full water treatment, the rapid growth time for the thickness of mushroom cover under light stress, moderate stress, and severe stress delayed by 4.1, 5.4, and 10.6 h, respectively, whereas, the rapid growth time of stalk diameter delayed by 10, 4.2, and 7.6 h, respectively, (P< 0.05). 3) The overall quality, yield, and water use efficiency of Agaricus bisporus reduced with the increase of soil water stress. The number of diseased spots and malformed mushrooms increased sharply under moderate and severe water stress, resulting in the decrease of high-quality mushroom yield. The yield of Agaricus bisporus under the mild, moderate, and severe soil water stress decreased by 5.5%, 26.3%, and 39.1%, respectively, (P < 0.05), compared with full water treatment. Water use efficiency and the number of Agaricus bisporus reached the highest under the mild water stress, increasing by 2.3%, and 9.2%, respectively, compared with full water treatment (P < 0.05). Fruiting- and high-quality mushroom ratio under the mild water stress were slightly lower than those of full water treatment. 4) The soil water stress during the whole growth period of Agaricus bisporus led to the changes of fruiting body and texture of monomer, as well as the reduction of yield and high-quality ratio. Appropriate soil water stress prolonged the period of rapid growth stage without affecting the quality of Agaricus bisporus. Mild water stress can be carried out in the gradual growth stage (0-40 h), and slow growth stage of mushroom to increase water use efficiency. The sufficient water content of the substrate should be maintained during the rapid development period (40 h-100 h). Water deficit treatment should not be carried out to improve the development rate and quality of Agaricus bisporus. This finding can offer an efficient application of water control in fungi substrate suitable for the precise management of water in Agaricus bisporus production.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Growth rate
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Environmental management - Fungi - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Humidity control - Matrix algebra - Soil moisture - Substrates - Textures - Water content - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agaricus bisporus - CO2 concentration - Environmental control system - Experimental materials - Maximum thickness - Science and Technology - Water efficiency - Water use efficiency
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451 Air Pollution - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.30e+00%, Percentage 2.49e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 3.91e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.44e+05s, Time 1.44e+05s to 3.60e+05s, Time 2.74e+04s, Time 3.82e+04s, Time 5.94e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20212410499741
Title:Adsorption property of Pb and Cd by substrate residues after vermicomposting of cow dung mixed with minerals
Title of translation:牛粪矿物混合蚯蚓堆肥中堆制物Pb和Cd吸附性能变化
Authors:Wang, Feng (1); Miao, Lijuan (1); Zhang, Mingyue (1); Ying, Yucui (1); Zhang, Chengye (1); Wang, Yifan (1); Zhang, Weiwen (1); Zhu, Weiqin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou; 311121, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Weiqin(zhwq@hznu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:197-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">High concentrations of heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soil have triggered a serious threat to plant growth, animal health, and ecological environment for human survival. Non-biodegradable Pb and Cd contamination in soil can be easily transferred to agricultural crops through the soil-plant-food chain, easy to endanger human body health. Alternatively, in situ stabilization is an effective technology to reduce the toxicity of such heavy metals. However, it is particularly important to choose the cost-effective materials with significant stability effects in soil. This study aims to seek in situ stabilized remediation materials with a high adsorption efficiency of heavy metal. A vermicomposting experiment of cow dung mixed with high calcium and magnesium minerals or sepiolite was conducted to analyze the variation of substrate residues properties and the adsorption characteristics of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>. Firstly, the growth indexes of earthworms were selected for the feasibility of vermicomposting cow dung mixed with minerals. Then, the substrate residues were characterized, including pH value, cation exchange capacity, morphology under a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), mineral components under X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and surface functional groups under a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous solution. The results demonstrated that the earthworms survived well with high calcium and magnesium minerals or sepiolite addition. The earthworm treatment reduced pH value, C/N, and organic content, while, increased the cation exchange capacity, and the specific surface area of substrate residues. High calcium and magnesium minerals or sepiolite addition both increased the pH value, cation exchange capacity, and specific surface area of substrate residues. FTIR analysis showed that the earthworm treatment had more alcohol or carboxylic acids and aromatic substance, while, less lipid material and polysaccharide substance in substrate residues, compared with the untreatment. The addition of high calcium and magnesium mineral also produced more Me-O groups in substrate residues. XRD analysis showed that more silicate and soluble salts were found in the earthworm treatment, compared with the untreatment. The addition of high calcium and magnesium mineral produced silicate, CaO and MgO components, whereas, the sepiolite addition produced silicate and MgO components in substrate residues. The batch adsorption experiment showed that the earthworm treatment had better adsorption capacity of Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup> in aqueous solution. The adsorption efficiency of Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup> was the best for the substrate residues rom the vermicomposting process of cow dung mixed with high calcium and magnesium minerals. The adsorption rates of Pb<sup>2 +</sup> and Cd<sup>2 +</sup> were 77.8% and 59.7%, respectively, whereas, the desorption rate of adsorption states Pb<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> were 0.02% and 6.66%, respectively. It infers that the adsorption mechanism of VG for Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup> involved in the physical adsorption, ion exchange, electrostatic adsorption, precipitation, and complexation. A high adsorption efficiency of Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous solution was achieved under the higher pH value, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area, abundant functional groups and mineral components in VG. Therefore, it is feasible to produce substrate residues with high Pb<sup>2+</sup>and Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption capacity via adding high calcium and magnesium mineral into cow dung for vermicomposting. The findings can provide an insightful theoretical basis to effectively optimize key parameters for the vermicomposting of cow dung mixed with minerals, and thereby to promote the recycling efficiency of organic solid wastes and the safe utilization of heavy-metal contaminated soil.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Agricultural robots - Cadmium - Calcium oxide - Cost effectiveness - Crops - Efficiency - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Health risks - Ion exchange - Lead - Magnesia - Metal analysis - Morphology - Organic minerals - Oxide minerals - pH - Positive ions - Precipitation (chemical) - Remediation - Scanning electron microscopy - Silicates - Soils - Specific surface area - Veterinary medicine - Waste utilization - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption characteristic - Batch adsorption experiments - Cation exchange capacities - Ecological environments - Electrostatic adsorption - Heavy metal contaminated soils - Surface functional groups - Vermicomposting process
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.7 Health Care - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e-02%, Percentage 5.97e+01%, Percentage 6.66e+00%, Percentage 7.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20212410504407
Title:Design and test of circulating air-assisted sprayer for dwarfed orchard
Title of translation:低矮果园环流式循环风送喷雾机设计与试验
Authors:Qiu, Wei (1); Sun, Hao (1); Sun, Yuhui (1); Liao, Yangyang (1); Zhou, Liangfu (2); Wen, Zhenjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Engineering training center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Qiu, Wei(qiuwei@njau.edu.cnz)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:18-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Conventional air-assisted spraying declines rapidly to stagnate in general, particularly when the droplets reach the canopy in an orchard. Unfavorable spray effects thus often occur, such as "difficult to penetrate" and "difficult to deposit inside the canopy and the back of leaves". In this study, a new idea was proposed to form multi-source wind disturbance for the direction change of airflow inside the canopy, namely, "from outside to inside, and then from bottom to top". Firstly, the movement tracking of droplet flow under the surrounding airflow was analyzed to determine the structure of a sprayer and the key parameters. The sprayer with a "door" type structure was composed of a surrounding air-assisted system, a spraying and recovery system, a hydraulic drive system, and a crawler chassis. An axial flow fan was placed at the top of the canopy. Specifically, the air inlet of the fan was facing the top of the canopy, whereas, the air outlet of the fan was connected with an air duct to transport the air into eight subsequent outlets. Meanwhile, the negative-pressure suction was generated through the air inlet of the fan, thereby moving the air flow "from bottom to top" in the canopy. Four flumes were arranged below the shields to receive the lost droplets. Two pumps were utilized to transfer the recovered droplets into the auxiliary tank for environmental protection. The size of the gate-type opening was adjusted in a certain range for various planting patterns in an orchard. The key parameters of the surrounding air-assisted system were also optimized using the displacement theory of air volume and jets. The air velocity of the outlet was determined to be 10-20 m/s, while, the wind pressure provided by the axial flow fan cannot be less than 857.8 Pa. Secondly, the stress of the gantry frame was analyzed under the service condition to meet the user needs, where the bending and torsion resistance were verified in the theoretical evaluation. Thirdly, the five-hole probes and ribbon method were selected to field test the distribution of flow direction in a prototype of the sprayer. Meanwhile, the velocity distribution of the airflow field was also measured to verify whether the sprayer can produce the droplets flow from the outside to the inside and from the bottom to the top. It was found that the airflow angle changed significantly inside the canopy, especially in the height of 0.8-1.8 m and the center area of 0.25 m on both sides of the center line of a trunk. There was an obvious increase in airflow velocity under the surrounding air-assisted spraying. Finally, the spraying effects with and without surrounding air-assisted were compared at the fan speed of 1 000 r•min<sup>-1</sup>, where the coverage rate of the droplet was selected as an evaluation index. The coverage rate of the droplet on the leaf face increased by 42.9%, while that of the leaf back increased by 40.4%, where the overall leaf back increased by 33.7%, compared with traditional air-assisted spraying. It infered that the surrounding airflow significantly improved the droplets deposition coverage in the center of a canopy and leaf back. The findings can provide an insightful design idea for the surrounding air-assisted sprayer to produce the airflow suitable for plant protection in an orchard with dwarfed fruit trees. Follow-up experiments can be performed on the canopies of different sizes and thicknesses to clarify the influence of boundary conditions on the surrounding air-assisted spraying.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Air intakes - Axial flow - Axial flow turbomachinery - Drops - Orchards - Plants (botany) - Structural dynamics - Torsional stress - Velocity distribution - Wind effects
Uncontrolled terms:Air-assisted sprayer - Air-assisted spraying - Displacement theory - Hydraulic drive system - Negative pressures - Surrounding airflow - Theoretical evaluation - Torsion resistance
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.37e+01%, Percentage 4.04e+01%, Percentage 4.29e+01%, Pressure 8.58e+02Pa, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m to 1.80e+00m, Velocity 1.00e+01m/s to 2.00e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20212410499789
Title:Mechanism of cultivated land system change in black soil areas of Northeast China
Title of translation:东北黑土区耕地系统变化机理
Authors:Su, Hao (1); Wu, Cifang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Cifang(wucifang@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:243-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Black soil region in northeast China is one of the four largest black soil areas in the world, serving as an important grain production base with a commodity rate of more than 70%. Production capacity depends directly on the cultivated land system. Taking Keshan County in northeast China as the research area, geo-detector models were used to identify the key influencing factors of cultivated land system changes in 1986, 2010, and 2018. Mechanism of cultivated land system change was also clarified using GIS, RS, and Matlab programming, including the weight and interaction of key influencing factors. The results showed that: 1) A cultivated land system was a three-dimensional organic space with a length, width, and height, where the comprehensive action of all elements was within a certain range. The length and width were determined by the scale of cultivated land, while the height was determined by the types of crops and the thickness of the cultivated layer. Each element of the cultivated land system had an irreplaceable position and function. A micro-ecological environment also dominated the surrounding vertical and horizontal factors. 2) A total of five, eight and six key factors were found to have important influence on the changes of cultivated land systems in 1986, 2010, and 2018, respectively. All cultivated land system changes were affected by the internal factors of the system from 1986 to 2018. The influence of horizontal factors on the cultivated land system changes strengthened year by year, whereas, the influence of vertical factors weakened as time went by. The key factors were dominated from natural factors to the dual influence of natural and human activities in recent years. The influence of other factors was relatively weak. 3) There was the greatest impact of the interaction between the internal influencing factors of the cultivated land system and others in the vertical and horizontal directions on the cultivated land system change from 1986 to 2018. There was also different significance in the interaction between the horizontal and vertical directions. The interaction between factors had significantly higher spatial differentiation of cultivated land system changes in the study area than the single factors, indicating a double-factor or nonlinear enhancement. There was a relatively significant influence of single and interactive partial factors on the cultivated land system change. Combining with two parts of the factors, some single factors had no significant impact on the cultivated land system change, but the interaction effect was significant. The sensitivity of internal and external factors can also be objectively revealed via the single and interactive factors in the spatial differentiation of cultivated land system change. The finding can provide a scientific basis to protect cultivated land for food security.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Food supply - MATLAB - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Changes of cultivated lands - Ecological environments - Interaction effect - Internal and external factors - Key influencing factors - Nonlinear enhancement - Production capacity - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20212410504367
Title:Method for measuring the 3D spatial distribution of spray volume based on LIDAR
Title of translation:基于LIDAR技术的喷雾量三维空间分布测试方法
Authors:Li, Tian (1, 2); He, Xiongkui (1, 2); Wang, Zhichong (1, 3); Huang, Zhan (1, 2); Han, Leng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Centre for Chemicals Application Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart; 70599, Germany
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:42-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Spray volume distribution in the three-dimensional (3D) space of nozzles is an essential interfering factor on spray drift and deposition of pesticide application, particularly on the atomization quality. Uniform distribution of spray can contribute to an obvious enhancement of pesticide efficacy, while reducing overuse and serious environmental contamination. However, the accurate measurement is still lacking in the real-time dynamic 3D distribution of spray volume, due mainly to long time consumption, and cumbersome procedure at present. In this study, a novel measurement for 3D spray volume distribution was developed using light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology. Seven types of nozzles were tested, including the commonly-used nozzle of hollow cone, anti-drift hollow cone, flat fan, and anti-drift flat fan (HCI4002, TR8002, ITR8002, LU9002, IDK9002, LU12002, and IDK12002) in plant protection. The spray area of the nozzle was scanned using a 16-line laser LIDAR with the laser (Class 1) wavelength of 905 nm and the scanning range was -15°-15°. Specifically, the angular speed of horizontal rotation was 5 Hz, and the emission frequency was 320 Hz. The scanning lasted for 60 s, and all nozzles were tested with 3 replicates. The point cloud data was transferred to the laptop in form of packets in real time. MATLAB 2019b software was used to run the affine matrix and coordinate system transformation after data packet analysis for the droplet coordinates and spatial density. Meanwhile, the real value of spray volume distribution was measured in the spray section of 50 cm below the nozzle. Polyethylene (PE) centrifugal tubes with a volume of 50ml were arranged in a matrix to collect the droplets. Four kinds of fan nozzles were tested by a 5×15 collector matrix, and three kinds of hollow cone nozzles were tested by a 9×9 collector matrix. All nozzles were measured three times, and all tests lasted for 3 min, in order to collect enough droplets for a small weighing error. A neural network with 1 hidden layer (100 hidden neurons) and 1 output layer was used to fit the relationship between the traditional measurement and LIDAR scanning. The ratio between training, validation, and testing set was 70: 15: 15. The results showed that a high fitting precision was achieved in all seven kinds of nozzles for the correlation coefficient in the training set r≥0.995, validation set r≥0.935, testing set r≥0.877, and the correlation coefficient r≥0.990 for the flat fan nozzles. It proves that the LIDAR scanning can accurately and quantitatively analyze the spray volume distribution. The 3D spatial distribution of spray volume for all 7 nozzles was obtained after the spray area was layered and meshed, then to calculate the droplet density in each grid. A faster and easier procedure was made for the real-time 3D spray volume distribution, compared with the conventional one. The LIDAR technique can also be expected to provide an alternative way for atomization quality detection of sprayers, indoor and field test of spray drift, particularly on a rapid adjustment and online monitoring of operation quality in plant protection machinery in the field.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Atomization - Drops - Linear transformations - Machinery - MATLAB - Matrix algebra - Metadata - Multilayer neural networks - Optical radar - Pesticides - Scanning - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate measurement - Coordinate system transformation - Correlation coefficient - Environmental contamination - Light detection and ranging - Pesticide applications - Three-dimensional (3D) space - Volume distributions
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.20e+02Hz, Frequency 5.00e+00Hz, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 9.05e-07m, Time 1.80e+02s, Volume 5.00e-02l
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20212410504348
Title:Identification of maize leaf diseases using improved convolutional neural network
Title of translation:基于改进卷积神经网络模型的玉米叶部病害识别
Authors:Bao, Wenxia (1); Huang, Xuefeng (1); Hu, Gensheng (1); Liang, Dong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electronic Information Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (2) School of Internet, Anhui University, Hefei; 230039, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Gensheng(1414451346@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:160-167
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Maize leaf disease is a serious problem in the process of agricultural production. Controlling maize leaf disease is of great significance to improving maize yield and quality, maintaining food security, and promoting agricultural development. In this study, traditional machine learning methods often needed spot segmentation and feature extraction to identify maize leaf disease, but due to the subjective and exploratory nature of artificial feature extraction, the result of feature extraction seriously affected the accuracy of disease recognition. The Common convolutional Neural Network (CNN) had many parameters, which made it difficult to converge and had low generalization ability. Aiming at the problems such as low accuracy of traditional methods for leaf disease identification and weak model generalization ability of maize, this study presented an improved CNN, which included seven convolutional layers, four maximum pooling layers, one Inception module, one ResNet module, two Global Average Pooling (GAP) layers, and one SoftMax classification layer. The CNN improved the traditional CNN structure. The backbone network of the model was composed of a convolutional layer stack with a size of 3×3 and a feature fusion network composed of the Inception module and ResNet module. The 3×3 convolutional layer stack was used to increase the area size of the feature map, and the Inception module and ResNet module were combined to extract the distinguishable features of the maize leaf disease. At the same time, the improved CNN used the GAP instead of the full connection layer to optimize the training time and improve the training accuracy. This study randomly scaled, flipped, and rotated the original image of the data set to obtain the enhanced image, and took 80% of the image as the training data set, and the rest as the test data set. The size of the image was uniformly modified to 256×256 pixels for training. The improved CNN in this study randomly abandoned some neurons and their connections during the training process, reducing the number of intermediate layer features. Selecting appropriate Dropout effectively solved the problem of model overfitting. At the same time, the study showed that the learning rate controlled the speed of adjusting the weights of the neural network based on the loss gradient. In order to find the best model parameters, this study optimized and selected the batch size, learning rate, and Dropout parameters, and determined that the validation accuracy of the model was the highest when the batch size was 64, the learning rate was set to 0.001, and the dropout parameter was set to 30%, thus further improving the efficiency of the model. Based on 3 852 maize data sets in PlantVillage and 110 maize leaf blight data captured in the field, this study compared the test accuracy of the traditional model and the improved CNN. The experimental results showed that compared with classical Machine learning models such as K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) and deep learning models such as AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet, and Inception-v3, the accuracy of improved CNN in this study reached over 98%. The classical machine learning model had a maximum recognition rate of 77%. In order to show the performance of the improved CNN, the recall rate, average precision, and F1-score of different models were compared. The results showed that the precision of the improved CNN was 95.74%, the recall rate was 99.41% and F1-score was 97.36%, which further improved the stability of the model and provided a reference for further research on corn disease detection and recognition.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Backpropagation - Convolution - Deep learning - Extraction - Feature extraction - Food supply - Image enhancement - Learning systems - Nearest neighbor search - Quality control - Statistical tests - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Agricultural productions - Back-propagation neural networks - Generalization ability - Intermediate layers - K nearest neighbor (KNN) - Machine learning methods - Machine learning models
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.020
Funding details: Number: 31971789, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;Number: 61672032, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:Natural Science Foundation of China (61672032, 31971789); The Open Research Fund of the National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application Anhui University (AE2018009); CERNET Innovation Project (NGII20190617).
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20212410504359
Title:Origin discrimination of Fujian white tea using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry
Title of translation:基于GC-IMS技术的福建白茶产地判别
Authors:Luo, Yuqin (1); Wei, Yanju (2); Lin, Lin (1, 3); Lin, Fuming (2, 3); Su, Feng (4); Sun, Weijiang (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou; 362400, China; (3) Tea Industry Technology Development Base of Fujian Province, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (4) Planting Technology Promotion Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou; 350003, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Weijiang(swj8103@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:264-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">White tea is one of the six categories of tea. Fresh leaf picking, withering and drying are the three basic processing technology of white tea, which are relatively simple. White tea originated in Fujian Province, mainly produced in Fuding City, Zhenghe County, Jianyang county and Songxi County. Aroma is one of the important factors that determine the quality of tea. The main aroma components of Yunnan Yueyue white tea and Fujian Baihao Yinzhen tea were reported, but the differences of volatile aroma components of white tea from different main producing areas in Fujian Province were not clear. Gas Chromatography Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC-IMS) is a new gas phase separation and detection technology in recent years, which has high resolution of gas chromatography and low detection limit of ion mobility spectrometry. In order to reveal the different volatile aroma components of white tea from different areas in Fujian Province, and to realize the rapid identification of white tea producing areas, GC-IMS technology was used to detect the volatile components of white tea from different areas in Fujian Province. Meanwhile, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was carried out to reduce the dimension of aroma data, and established a discrimination model of white tea producing areas combined with chemometrics method. The results showed that the contents of volatile compounds in white tea among the producing areas of Fuding, Fu'an, Zhenghe, Jianyang and Songxi were different. The white tea samples of Zhenghe, Jianyang and Songxi had higher similarity, and lower content of volatile aroma substances. Both GC-IMS spectrum data and 241 kinds of labeled aroma compounds data could be used to distinguish the origin of white tea, and LDA based on marker material data was better than it based on GC-IMS spectrum data. The discriminant rates of K Near Neighbor Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-KNN), Multi-Layer Perceptron Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-MLP) and Support Vector Machine Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-SVM) model based on the GC-IMS spectrum data were 91.84%, 93.88% and 93.88%, respectively. By comparing the three patterns of misjudgment samples, it was found that the origin misjudgment occurred between Zhenghe white tea and Songxi Jianyang white tea, which was related to the small difference of volatile aroma components and high similarity of samples. The results showed that the discriminant rates of Adaboost Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-Adaboost), Decision Tree Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-Decison Tree), LDA-KNN, LDA-MLP, Random Forest Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA-Random Forest) and LDA-SVM were 100%. The positive discrimination rate of the origin model based on the marker substance was higher than that based on the GC-IMS spectrum data. All six discriminant models based on the labelled substances data could effectively distinguish the origin of white tea. The results of this study can provide technical support for the origin protection of Fujian white tea.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Tea
Controlled terms:Adaptive boosting - Decision trees - Discriminant analysis - Gas chromatography - Ion chromatography - Ion mobility spectrometers - Ions - Multilayer neural networks - Nearest neighbor search - Odors - Phase separation - Random forests - Spectrometry - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Detection technology - Discrimination rates - Gas-phase separations - Ion mobility spectrometry - Linear discriminant analysis - Multi layer perceptron - Processing technologies - Volatile aroma components
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922 Statistical Methods - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.18e+01%, Percentage 9.39e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20212410499847
Title:Consistency analysis and accuracy assessment of multi-source land cover products in the Yangtze River Delta
Title of translation:多源土地覆被产品在长三角地区的一致性分析与精度评价
Authors:Chen, Yicong (1); Shao, Hua (1); Li, Yang (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing; 211816, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Shao, Hua(shaohua@njtech.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:142-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Land cover change is one of the most important data sources for global environmental issues, such as the impact assessment of human activities on ecosystems. Since a great number of land cover datasets have been produced at the global and national scale in recent years, it is necessary to scientifically evaluate the reliability of these datasets in specific areas and the consistency between multi-source datasets in the selection of products. There are great changes in land cover, leading to high demand for the land cover data in the Yangtze River Delta, which is one of the most active and open regions in economic development with the strongest innovation capabilities in China. Taking the Yangtze River Delta region as the study area, this study aims to assess the relative accuracy of six land cover datasets (CCI_LC, FROM-GLC, GLC_FCS30, GLCNMO, GlobeLand30, and CGLS_LC) using the accuracy validation and consistency analysis. Five ways were selected to verify the accuracy, including the confusion matrix, overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, user and producer accuracy. The correlation of land cover types in the study area was analyzed to calculate the proportions of various types in land cover products and the correlation coefficients. Three 30m-resolution land cover products (FROM-GLC, GLC_FCS30, and GlobeLand30) were also compared via the consistency distribution of classification, overall consistency, quantity and allocation disagreement between them. The results show that the overall accuracy of six products in the Yangtze River Delta region were 76.89%, 78.42%, 84.67%, 74.26%, 80.61%, and 85.43%, respectively, indicating that all of land cover products behaved fine accuracies. The correlation coefficients of land cover types were greater than 0.9 in six products. The best correlation was achieved in the GlobeLand30 with the most reliable estimation on the area of land cover types. Three 30m-resolution land cover products had 65.51% similar classified pixels, while, the overall consistencies between the products were 72.23%, 77.99%, and 76.41%, respectively. A fine data support was obtained from three land cover products, although with a little pixel confusion. In addition, the greatest stability was achieved in GLC_FCS30 with high accuracy of land cover types, particularly on the second-level categories for a more detailed description of land cover. High accuracy of classification was obtained in six land cover products for the cropland, woodland, water body, and impervious areas that were widely distributed in most of the research area. Nevertheless, there was a low accuracy of classification for the wetland, bare land, shrub and grassland. There was less influence of topographical fluctuations on the accuracy of classification in topography and geomorphology. Specifically, only a few unstable topographical classifications occurred in the hilly areas of Zhejiang Province. Correspondingly, the economic level dominated the accuracy of classification in urban development. The land cover products also considered the needs of different users. The best performance of CGLS_LC was achieved in cropland, and the similar excellent performance of GLC_FCS30 and CGLS_LC was found in woodland and impervious areas, while FROM-GLC was the most suitable for the water body.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Gas chromatography
Controlled terms:Pixels - Rivers - Topography - Urban growth
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy assessment - Accuracy of classifications - Consistency analysis - Correlation coefficient - Environmental issues - Innovation capability - Land cover datasets - Yangtze river delta
Classification code:403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.55e+01%, Percentage 7.22e+01%, Percentage 7.43e+01%, Percentage 7.64e+01%, Percentage 7.69e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 7.84e+01%, Percentage 8.06e+01%, Percentage 8.47e+01%, Percentage 8.54e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20212410499781
Title:Optimized selection of the solution for multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources in Fengshou Irrigation Areas of South Xinjiang
Title of translation:南疆丰收灌区水资源多目标优化配置方案优选
Authors:He, Ying (1, 2); Tang, Xiaoyu (1, 2); Peng, Liang (1, 2); Ju, Jinhao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi; 830052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:117-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Severe global water shortages have posed a great challenge on modern agriculture as ever-increasing demand for water due to the population and economic growth. Therefore, it is necessary to scientifically allocate the limited water resources in main irrigation areas, further to improve the utilization rate of agricultural water for the local economy and ecosystem. Taking Fengshou Irrigation Area in Awati County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang of China as the research area, a multi-objective optimal allocation of water resources was established to obtain an optimal selection model (Multi-Objective optimal allocation model of water resources in irrigation area based on Algorithm Selection and Plan Optimization, MOASPO). The economic, social and ecological development indicators were considered, and the evaluation system of water resource allocation scheme in Fengshou Irrigation Area was established, in order to obtain better net economic benefits in the irrigation area with smaller agricultural water consumption. Two procedures were included in the model: 1) To select the optimal solution for the multi-objective optimal allocation model of water resources in the irrigation area, where the NSGA-II, NSGA-III, and MOEA/D were utilized for each Pareto solution, and then the HV algorithm evaluation index was selected to evaluate each Pareto solution under a unified reference point, and finally to select an optimal solution. 2) To select the best allocation plan of water resources suitable for the specific irrigation area. The candidates were taken from the Pareto solution set, thereby constructing an optimal evaluation system for water resources allocation plans in irrigation areas, combining the local actual conditions from economic, social, and environmental benefits. Specifically, the subsystem of economic benefit included two indicators: "per capita net income from planting industry" and "economic crop occupancy rate", while the subsystem of social benefit included two indicators: "per capita food occupation" and "agricultural water use ratio". Meanwhile, the eco-environmental subsystem included two indicators: "fertilizer use per unit of irrigation area" and "total carbon absorption". An entropy weight-TOPSIS comprehensive model was used to evaluate the options to be selected, and finally to determine the optimal allocation plan of water resources. The results show that the cotton planting area increased by 900 hm<sup>2</sup> under the appropriate grain output, whereas, the planting area of maize and wheat reduced by 200 and 700 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, indicating an optimal proportion of crops planting area. After optimization, the net economic benefit was 255.18 million Yuan, while the total shortage of agricultural water was reduced by 13.19 million m³, and the carbon sequestration of crops was 118.74 million kg. The net economic benefit increased by 1.0%, while the total shortage of agricultural water was reduced by 8.4%, and the amount of carbon sequestered by crops increased by 4.5%, compared with the traditional allocation plan. The proposed model and optimized plan can provide a potential reference to formulate an allocation plan of water resources in the arid irrigation areas.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Water management
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Carbon - Crops - Economic analysis - Economic and social effects - Ecosystems - Irrigation - Optimal systems - Population statistics - Resource allocation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water use - Ecological development - Environmental benefits - Optimal allocation models - Optimal allocation of water resources - Optimal selection models - Per capita net income - Water resources allocations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 4.50e+00%, Percentage 8.40e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20212410504217
Title:Crown segmentation from UAV visible light DOM based on level set method
Title of translation:采用水平集方法的无人机可见光DOM树冠分割
Authors:Li, Yadong (1, 2); Cao, Minglan (1); Li, Changqing (1); Feng, Zhongke (2); Jia, Shuhua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Polytechnic College, Beijing; 100042, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Forestry of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Dayangshu Forest Bureau, Dayangshu; 022456, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:60-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Under complicated forest stands like natural forest, mixed forest, and multi-storied forest, the visible light forest images are greatly influenced by the canopy density, canopy structure, and photographing season, etc. During the crown extraction, the existing methods fail to guarantee the precision and lack effective manual intervention mechanism. A universal, flexible, and practical crown segmentation method, which could realize the automatic segmentation under low canopy density and appropriately implement the manual intervention under high canopy density, was explored in this study. The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visible light forest images were firstly processed into DSM, DEM, and DOM, the CHM was obtained by deducting DEM from DSM, the plane position of tree top was extracted from CHM via the local maximum method to generate a Thiessen polygon, a rectangle of crown range was generated based on its bounding rectangle, the image of crown range of an individual standing tree was traversed and segmented, and after the anisotropic diffusion filtering, the boundary curve of crown was evolved out through the level set method. A level set CV model-based crown segmentation plug-in that could operate with embedded ArcMap was implemented on ArcGIS Engine via C# language, this plug-in was used to do the crown extraction test of DOM images in nine 50 m×50 m standard mixed forest sample plots with different canopy densities and different species compositions Naimuhe forest farm of Inner Mongolia Great Khingan Dayangshu Forestry Bureau, and meanwhile, this method was compared with the manual extraction method and SVM image segmentation method. The results showed that the extraction rate of the proposed method was averagely elevated by 45.97% in comparison with that of the manual extraction method, and the extraction accuracy was averagely improved by 15.29 percentage pionts compared with that of the SVM image segmentation method. Directing at the problems existing in the crown extraction from UAV forest visible light images of natural mixed forests, namely, the extraction difficulty was great and the existing methods were of low precision, a method integrating level set and selective manual intervention was proposed in this study, thus effectively avoiding the large workload in the full manual segmentation, and solving the problem that the precision could not be guaranteed by the machine learning method, which was inconvenient for the manual intervention. The level set method, which was not influenced by the initial value, was used, so it was unnecessary to seek for the initial value by training a large quantity of samples, and the crown segmentation efficiency was improved. The crown segmentation result is the vector line factor of the crown boundary of an individual standing tree, which can flexibly edit individual crowns. This method highlights the efficiency under low canopy density and large crown breadth, and guarantees the accuracy under high canopy density and small crown breadth, so it is of strong flexibility and universality.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Numerical methods
Controlled terms:Antennas - Drop breakup - Efficiency - Extraction - Forestry - Geometry - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Learning systems - Level measurement - Light - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Anisotropic diffusion filtering - Automatic segmentations - Machine learning methods - Manual intervention - Manual segmentation - Segmentation methods - Segmentation results - Visible light images
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20212410499792
Title:Design of automatic control system for plot batch seed cleaning machine
Title of translation:批次式种子清选机自动控制系统设计
Authors:Li, Yonglei (1); Wan, Lipengcheng (1); Xu, Zexin (1); Yuan, Hao (1); Chen, Haijun (2, 3); Song, Jiannong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Haijun(chenhj118@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:9-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Plot breeding is a very important link of seed breeding, providing for the field experimental data and breeder seed or original seed. Seed harvested from the plot is commonly processed with manual tools or cleaned by simple machines. A batch seed cleaner is a piece of special equipment to meet the specific processing of germplasm materials in the experimental area. However, there are multiple operation procedures, high labor intensity, and low efficiency in seed batch processing. Manual operation with independent electric control systems has also caused uncontrollable clean-up quality, inefficient and time consuming. This study aims to develop a novel batch seed cleaner for the specific requirements of high efficiency, no residue and easy cleaning. An automatic control system was introduced to implement automatic operation using STM32 embed programming. A variety of functional modules were included, such as feeding margin detection, variable frequency vibration, high-frequency vibration cleaning, screen tilting adjustment, and terminal display with interactive interface and STM32 main control system. Hardware and software of the control system were designed for a sequence working flow, including the feeding, winnowing, and sieving. Three groups of photoelectric sensors were installed to monitor the location and status of the seed. Specifically, the No.1 photoelectric sensor was installed in the lower part of the hopper to monitor and control the feeding and air separation system. The No.2 and the No.3 photoelectric sensors were mounted on the two ends of the lower screen to control the screening device and vibration motor. An angle sensor was used to detect the angle of the screen. The key working parameters and functions were optimized, including the feeding speed, sieving vibration frequency, clean-up vibration, and tilt angle adjustment. The priority flag bit was used to optimize the sequential operation. An optimal control strategy was achieved for a stable and reliable system. A prototype performance test was carried out for high robustness of the automatic control system, thereby systematically investigating the influence on the quality and efficiency of seed batch cleaner. The cleaning test for corn seed showed that the coefficient of variation for the seed purity, the percentage of chosen seed, batch working time and working efficiency were 0.15%, 0.26%, 2.2% and 2.19% respectively, under the set working conditions. An optimal combination was gained for the quality requirements of plot seeding, where the cleaning process was smooth, while the automatic control system operated normally, and the batch seed cleaner worked reliably. This finding can provide a sound reference for the automatic control system in the intelligent batch cleaner for seed or granular materials.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Cleaning
Controlled terms:Automation - Batch data processing - Efficiency - Feeding - Machinery - Optimal control systems - Photoelectricity - Process control
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Electric control system - Hardware and software - High frequency vibration - Interactive interfaces - Optimal control strategy - Photoelectric sensors - Sequential operations
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e-01%, Percentage 2.19e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 2.60e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20212410504390
Title:Measurement of pollution production coefficient of sheep breeding industry in Northern China
Title of translation:中国北方地区羊养殖业产污系数测算
Authors:Li, Danyang (1); Qi, Chuanren (1); Wei, Ya'nan (1); Li, Guoxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guoxue(ligx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:220-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The pollution production coefficient of sheep-breeding is lacking in recent years, since most previous studies focused mainly on pigs, cattle, and chickens in the livestock and poultry breeding industries. This study aims to systematically explore the producing characteristics of pollutants from large-scale sheep farms in Northern China, and thereby to construct the pollution production coefficient for the sheep breeding industry. Three typical sheep farms were selected for sentinel monitoring experiments in Northeast, North and Northwest China. The sheep were divided into four groups according to the feeding stages, including the nursling, fattening, mature, and barren stages. In each group, five normal, healthy and similar weight sheep were randomly selected using the age and gender of different sheep breeds. A metabolic cage was adopted in the experiment, where feed and water were supplied regularly and quantitatively. The trial period was from July to September 2019. The monitoring items included the daily feed intake, water intake, as well as the amount of feces and urine of each sheep. The feed of each group, the feces and urine samples of each sheep were collected for 3 consecutive days to determine physical and chemical indicators for the pollution production coefficients. The results showed that there was great difference in the regularity of pollutant generation for the breed, age, and gender in a sheep farm. The daily feed and water intake of Liaoning cashmere goat in northeast China, the crossbred F1 of Dorper and Hu sheep in north China, and the Tan sheep in northwest China were 1.45, 1.29, and 2.24 kg, while, 1.82, 2.73, and 0.72 L, respectively. The daily production of feces and urine for the Liaoning cashmere goat, the crossbred F1 sheep, and Tan sheep were 0.69, 0.61, and 0.94 kg, 0.77, 1.19, and 0.42 L, respectively. The daily fresh weight of feces and fresh weight of feed, dry weight of feces and dry weight of feed, urine volume and water consumption all showed significant positive correlation (0.8< r< 1.0, P< 0.01).. The pollution production coefficients of Organic Matter (OM), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), ammonium nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in each Liaoning cashmere goat were 237.65 g/d, 365.76 g/d, 7.15 g/d, 1.56 g/d, 4.06 g/d, 1.97g/d, 36.14 mg/d, 3.07 mg/d and 40.89 mg/d, respectively, while those in the crossbred F1 sheep were 205.22 g/d, 221.65 g/d, 8.02 g/d, 1.47 g/d, 3.50 g/d, 3.08 g/d, 35.43 mg/d, 1.54 mg/d, and 37.32 mg/d, respectively, and those in Tan sheep were 359.94 g/d, 484.79 g/d, 8.94g/d, 2.01 g/d, 6.39 g/d, 1.14 g/d, 40.78 mg/d, 0.40 mg/d, and 14.44 mg/d, respectively. The pollution production coefficients of OM, COD, TN, TP, TK, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N were mainly related to the daily excretion of sheep, whereas, those of Cu and Zn were closely associated with the content of Cu and Zn in feed. The findings can provide a scientific basis for exploring the quantity and regularity of main pollutants for waste treatments and resource utilization in sheep breeding industry.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Pollution
Controlled terms:Chemical oxygen demand - Copper - Farms - Indicators (chemical) - Inlet flow - Mammals - Waste treatment - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium nitrogen - Daily production - Nitrate nitrogen - Positive correlations - Resource utilizations - Scientific basis - Total phosphorus - Water consumption
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 544.1 Copper - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.24e+00kg, Mass 9.40e-01kg, Volume 4.20e-04m3, Volume 7.20e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20212410499774
Title:Soil organic carbon content retrieved by UAV-borne high resolution spectrometer
Title of translation:采用无人机载高分辨率光谱仪反演土壤有机碳含量
Authors:Zhu, Yuanli (1); Wang, Dongyan (1); Zhang, He (2); Shi, Pu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun; 130012, China; (2) Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve; 1348, Belgium
Corresponding author:Shi, Pu(shipu@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:66-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil stores more carbon in the terrestrial ecosystem than the combined vegetation and atmosphere. Soil organic carbon (SOC) as the key component of soil carbon pool is highly sensitive to earth surface evolution and anthropogenic-induced changes in climate and agricultural management practices. The spatiotemporal dynamics can exert important controls over soil productivity and ecosystem services. There is thus an increasing demand to quantify SOC at sufficiently high resolution and accuracy, thereby detecting localized soil degradation as well as ensuring sustainable agricultural management. Field-, airborne and satellite-based multi-platform Visible and Near-Infrared (Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has increasingly been used as a fast and effective tool to predict SOC, and thereby capture the variability at field to landscape scales. Comparing to the satellite-based remote sensing systems, commercially available portable Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with high-resolution Vis-NIR spectrometers can greatly improve the spatial resolution and acquisition efficiency of soil spectral information. It is also more flexible to carry out field surveys thanks to the small size, but applications of UAV-based spectroscopic assessment of SOC so far are still scarce. In this study, a UAV-compatible soil hyperspectral data acquisition platform was tested in two types of soil located in the Northeastern Black Soil Belt of China and the Belgian Loam Belt. The specific objectives were: 1) to test the ability of UAV-compatible Vis-NIR spectrometer for the accurate prediction of SOC content; and 2) to explore a spectral correction approach in a laboratory-based spectral model under field conditions. Soil hyperspectral data was gathered in a dark room and under natural sunlight. Subsequently, spectral-based SOC prediction models were developed using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). Results show that: 1) PLSR models behaved excellent performances for both study sites using UAV-compatible spectral data (FX) from a dark room with the Relative Percent Difference (RPD) higher than 1.6 and R<sup>2</sup>≥0.65. 2) FX spectral data acquired under natural sunlight also achieved an acceptable PLSR model (RPD=1.48, R<sup>2</sup>=0.58) suitable for capturing the range of variation in SOC, although the accuracy slightly decreased, compared with the dark room. 3) A standard sand sample from Lucky Bay (Australia) was selected to correct and align the FX spectral data under two light conditions. The PLSR model using the laboratory spectra was directly applied to field spectra for the excellent performance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.53, RMSE= 0.29%, RPD = 1.45, RPIQ = 1.75). The spectral correction approach can offer promising potential in future applications to avoid the large sampling, when using UAV-based spectroscopy to rapidly assess SOC. This finding highlighted the UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing to predict SOC in a fast, accurate and detailed fashion, providing technical reference in fields, such as digital soil mapping and precision agriculture. Future studies can explore the influence of soil surface roughness and moisture on the quality of soil spectral data acquired from UAV platforms, thereby correcting for the noise caused by external factors.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Antennas - Belts - Data acquisition - Earth (planet) - Ecosystems - Forecasting - Infrared spectrometers - Least squares approximations - Organic carbon - Predictive analytics - Remote sensing - Soil surveys - Surface roughness - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management practice - High-resolution spectrometer - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Reflectance spectroscopy - Soil organic carbon content - Sustainable agricultural - Visible and near infrared
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.90e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20212410500262
Title:Production method and influencing factors of water-in-oil emulsified different diesel with fine water core diameters
Title of translation:不同微细水核直径的掺水乳化柴油制备方法和影响因素
Authors:Wang, Zhaowen (1); Cao, Junhui (1); Yuan, Bo (1); Wang, Yuzhou (1); Lyu, Song (1); Cheng, Xiaobei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:235-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Consumption of petroleum resource has risen sharply in recent years with the increase in fuel vehicles and heavy machinery in mechanized intensive agriculture. A large amount of emitted pollution has posed a serious threat to the atmospheric environment, even to body health in human survival. Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsified diesel fuel has received widespread attention for its ability to simultaneously remove nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. The micro-explosive characteristics of W/O fuel depend strongly on the diameter of the water core. But a systematic solution is still lacking in the preparation of W/O emulsified fuel for the target diameter of the water core at the constant component content. In this study, an image recognition system was first developed suitable for the microstructure of the water core in the W/O emulsified fuel using the Chan-Vese (CV) model. A log-normal function was proposed to fit the diameter distribution of the water core in the W/O emulsified fuel, thereby obtaining a new combination of characteristic parameters. An orthogonal test was selected to explore the influence of emulsification parameters on the diameter of the water core, including the emulsification time, emulsification power, and frequency parameters. The optimal parameters were achieved to fabricate the W/O emulsion with the target diameter of the water core. The results show that the CV model better identified the discrete boundary of the water core with smaller error, compared with manual recognition. The characteristics parameters from the lognormal function fitting can describe more accurately the diameter distribution of the water core in the W/O emulsified fuel, compared with the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD). The maximum diameter of the water core and the standard deviation of diameter distribution gradually decreased, while the ultrasonic frequency imposed a relatively weak influence on the W/O emulsified fuel, as the emulsification time and power increased. When the diameter of the water core and the distribution reached a critical value, there was much more effect of emulsification power on the diameter of water core and the distribution, compared with the emulsification time with the same energy. In addition, there was no change in the maximum diameter of the water core. The ratios of three preparation factors (ultrasonic frequency, emulsification power, and emulsification time) to the maximum fitting diameter were 0.744, 2.880, and 1.038, respectively. The standard deviations of distribution were 0.028, 0.120, and 0.034, respectively. The priority of three parameters was ranked in order: emulsification power, emulsification time, ultrasonic frequency.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Emulsification
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Diesel engines - Fuels - Health risks - Image recognition - Nitrogen oxides - Statistics - Ultrasonic waves
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric environment - Characteristics parameters - Diameter distributions - Frequency parameters - Image recognition system - Log-normal functions - Sauter mean diameter (SMD) - Ultrasonic frequency
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.06.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
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