<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20211710247642
Title:Spatio-temporal dynamics and driving forces of potential evapotranspiration in the Wei River Basin
Title of translation:渭河流域潜在蒸散发时空演变与驱动力量化分析
Authors:Guo, Wenwen (1); Huang, Shengzhi (1); Zhao, Jing (1); Li, Ziyan (1); Huang, Qiang (1); Deng, Mingjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Shengzhi(huangshengzhi7788@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:81-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Potential evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) serves as an important part of the hydrological and energy cycle, particularly on the allocation and management of regional water resources, as well as hydrological processes. It is necessary to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of ET<inf>0</inf> and its response to climate change, in order to further understand the evolution mechanism of the water cycle in changing environments. Taking the Wei River Basin (WRB) as the study case, an FAO-56 PM formula was used to extract the ET<inf>0</inf> based on the daily meteorological data from 1960 to 2019 in 16 meteorological stations. The estimationof linear trend and interpolation was applied to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics. In addition, the sensitivity analysis and contribution rate were used to identify the dominant factors in ET<inf>0</inf> variations. The results showed that: 1) On the annual scale, there was a significant upward trend in the pressure (0.04 kPa/10a) and average temperature (0.30℃/10a) of the WRB, whereas, a significant downward trend in the wind speed (-0.05 m/s/10a) and sunshine hours (-18.79 h/10a), and an insignificant downward trend in the relative humidity (-0.32%/10a). On the seasonal scale, the pressure and average temperature showed an upward trend in the four seasons, while there was a downward trend in the wind speed, the relative humidity in spring and autumn, and the sunshine hours except for spring. 2) The ET<inf>0</inf> showed an insignificant increase at a rate of 2.51 mm/10a on the annual scale, accounting for 75%. Specifically, there was an upward trend in the annual ET<inf>0</inf> of the Beiluo River and Jing River, whereas, a downward trend in that of the mainstream. On the seasonal scale, the ET<inf>0</inf> showed an upward trend (except summer), where the ET<inf>0</inf> in spring showed a significant upward trend. In addition, summer contributed the most to the annual ET<inf>0</inf>, accounting for 40.5%, while the winter ET<inf>0</inf> contributed the least, only for 10.7%. Spatially, the annual ET<inf>0</inf> decreased from the northeast to southwest with the range of 763.49-954.32 mm. The ET<inf>0</inf> in the Beiluo River gradually decreased from south to north, whereas, the ET<inf>0</inf> gradually increased in the Jing River from south to north, while in the mainstream from west to east. In the three seasons except for winter, the ET<inf>0</inf> gradually increased from west to east. 3) On the annual scale, the ET<inf>0</inf> of the whole WRB had a positive sensitivity coefficient to the average temperature (0.06), sunshine hours (0.21), and wind speed (0.16), while a negative sensitivity coefficient to the pressure (-0.19) and relative humidity (-0.81). The annual and seasonal ET<inf>0</inf> of the WRB was the most sensitive to the relative humidity, followed by the sunshine hours and pressure, whereas, less sensitive to the wind speed and average temperature. The sensitivity analysis was combined with the relative change rate of factors to identify the dominant parameters affecting ET<inf>0</inf> changes. On the annual scale, the dominant factors of ET<inf>0</inf> variations were the relative humidity and wind speed, with contribution rates of 2.36 and -2.32 respectively. On the seasonal scale, the relative humidity dominated the variations of ET<inf>0</inf> in spring and autumn, while the sunshine hours and wind speed dominatedin summer and winter. The findings can provide valuable information for the study of regional water balance in the Wei River Basin, thereby alleviating the contradiction between water supply and demand in the use and management of water resources.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Sensitivity analysis
Controlled terms:Climate change - Economics - Evapotranspiration - Factor analysis - Information management - Rivers - Speed - Water management - Water supply - Watersheds - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Meteorological station - Potential evapotranspiration - Regional water balance - Regional water resources - Sensitivity coefficient - Spatio-temporal dynamics - Temporal and spatial evolutions - Water supply and demands
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 4.05e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 7.63e-01m to 9.54e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20211710247402
Title:Optimization design and experiments of specification identification and counting device for scallop seedlings
Title of translation:扇贝苗规格识别与计数装置优化设计与试验
Authors:Li, Mingzhi (1, 2, 3); Chen, Haiquan (1); Liu, Ying (3); Zhang, Guangfa (4); Sun, Yuqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian; 116026, China; (2) College of Navigation and Shipbuilding Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (3) Aquaculture Engineering R& D Center of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China; (4) School of Mechanics, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Haiquan(chenapec@dlmu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:37-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Identification and counting of specifications are essential to the scallop seedlings before sowing in aquaculture production. Mechanized sowing has become necessary to identify the scallop seedlings with high activity, thereby culturing them in a more sustainable and less harmful environment. In this study, anew automatic device was designed for reasonable specification identification and counting with high efficiency in the scallop seedling. An investigation was made to analyze the system of bottom sowing culture for the seedling of scallop (Patinopectenyessoensis) in Dalian, China. A comparison test was also performed on the island of Changshan, where the scallop seedlings were collected. The specification range of scallop seedling was 20-40 mm in the experiment, where the grading specifications of scallop were set: < 25 mm, 25-30 mm, and ≥30 mm. There were two phases for each experiment. In the first phase, an orthogonal experiment was used to analyze the critical influencing factors of specification identification and counting accuracy, and to determine the optimum technological parameters for scallop seedling. In the second phase, the field tests in the actual production situation lasted for 15 d (from October 16th to October 30th, 2019), and 24 groups of comparative tests were conducted. Each group of the test was repeated by 3 times. Specification identification and counting tests were completed by manual labor and machine, respectively. The statistical deviation rate of scallop seedling was calculated at the end of each test, including the total number of workers, and the total time. The optimal technological parameters were achieved for the specification identification and counting device, where the speed of vibration motor was 2 100 r/min, the adjustable exit size of scallop was 50 mm×20 mm, the width limit of the primary queuing guide was 55 mm, the angles of baffle were 45°and 30°, the linear velocity was 0.5 m/s, the vertical distance between sensor and conveyor was 50 mm, the horizontal distance between guide mechanism and conveyor was 25 mm, and the time interval was 25 ms set by the system for the scallop seedling to vertically pass the sensor. In this case, the best accuracy was gained for the specification identification and counting, where the average deviation rate was 3.72%. The influence order of each factor on the average statistical deviation rate of scallop seedling was as follows: the time interval set by the system for the scallop seedling to vertically pass the sensor, the linear velocity, and the vertical distance between sensor and conveyor. The results of comparison tests in actual production showed that the deviation rates were 3.67%-4.65% for the specification identification and counting between mechanical and manual manner, where the average deviation rate was 4.02%. There was no significant difference in the deviation rates of specification identification and counting statistics between mechanical and manual manner (P> 0.05). Compared with the screen grading and counting device of scallop seedling before optimization, the statistical deviation rate was reduced by about 0.445%, showing better accuracy and stability in the optimized device. The optimized device of specification identification and counting for the scallop seedling was 5.44 times higher than manual operation, and 0.92 times higher than the screen device of scallop seedling grading and counting. It demonstrates that this device has high efficiency to meet the development needs of the green industry. These findings can support mechanized sowing techniques for the reproductive status of scallop seedling in the aquaculture industry.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Molluscs
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Conveyors - Efficiency - Grading - Green manufacturing - Parameter estimation - Shellfish - Specifications
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture industry - Counting statistics - Development needs - Optimization design - Orthogonal experiment - Reproductive status - Statistical deviations - Technological parameters
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 692.1 Conveyors - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.67e+00% to 4.65e+00%, Percentage 3.72e+00%, Percentage 4.02e+00%, Percentage 4.45e-01%, Rotational_Speed 2.10e+03RPM, Size 2.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m to 3.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 5.50e-02m, Time 2.50e-02s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20211710247542
Title:Wheat lodging area extraction using UAV visible light remote sensing and feature fusion
Title of translation:无人机可见光遥感和特征融合的小麦倒伏面积提取
Authors:Zhao, Jing (1, 3); Pan, Fangjiang (1, 3); Lan, Yubin (1, 3); Lu, Liqun (2, 3); Cao, Dianlong (1, 3); Yang, Dongjian (1, 3); Wen, Yuting (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (3) Shandong University of Technology International Precision Agriculture Aviation Application Technology Research Center, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Liqun(luliqun@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Wheat is one of the main food sources in China, and wheat yield is very important to China's food security. Lodging is a common agricultural disaster in wheat production. Lodging often causes changes in the population structure of wheat, affects the protein synthesis and nutrient transport of wheat, and greatly influences the quality and yield of wheat. To extract the lodging area of wheat quickly and accurately, this study adopted the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing platform to obtain the visible light images (including the red band, the green band, and the blue band) and the Digital Surface Model (DSM) images of the wheat canopy at the late stage of grain filling. The Excess Green (EXG) index was also calculated. Fusion images of DSM+RGB as well as fusion images of DSM+EXG were created by ArcGIS image mosaic tools. By using the maximum likelihood method and random forest method, the two feature fusion images were supervised and classified for extracting the wheat lodging area, and the results were also compared with the extracted results only based on the RGB images and the DSM images. The results of using four images to extract the lodging area of wheat were evaluated by the confusion matrix and Kappa coefficient. The results showed that the two methods had the same overall trend of wheat lodging area extraction on four images, and the extraction effect of the maximum likelihood method was generally excellent. Based on the random forest method, the overall accuracy of RGB image, DSM image, DSM+RGB fusion image, DSM+EXG fusion image to extract the lodging wheat area was 77.21%, 93.37%, 93.75%, 81.78%, and the Kappa coefficients were 0.54, 0.86, 0.87, 0.64, respectively. According to comparative analysis, the image data extraction accuracy after fusion of the DSM and RGB parameters was the highest, and the overall accuracy was up to 93.75%, the Kappa coefficient was 0.87. The difference between the two images was improved due to added elevation information. The extraction effect of the lodging area was the worst which was only based on the RGB images with an overall accuracy of 77.21% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.54. The reason was that the wheat with normal plants but yellow leaves were misclassified. Compared with the fusion images of DSM+RGB, the classification accuracy based on the DSM images alone was not much different, indicating that DSM effectively reflected the difference between lodging wheat and normal wheat. It was an effective feature, while the accuracy of the latter was higher than that of the former, indicating that the fusion of unreasonable image features effectively improved the image difference and the extraction accuracy of the lodging area of wheat. In this study, the fusion of different image features preserved more detailed information of the image, which enhanced the difference of image features and made the fused image suitable for image classification. This research had shown that the method of image feature fusion could effectively extract the information of lodging wheat and provide a method for accurate identification of wheat lodging.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Biosynthesis - Classification (of information) - Decision trees - Extraction - Food supply - Image classification - Image enhancement - Image fusion - Light - Maximum likelihood - Plants (botany) - Random forests - Remote sensing - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural disasters - Classification accuracy - Digital surface models - Maximum likelihood methods - Population structures - Random forest methods - Remote sensing platforms - Visible-light remote sensing
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 8.18e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.38e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20211710247626
Title:Automatic height-adjustment for a cutter disk on a sugarcane harvester using cutting pressure
Title of translation:基于切割压力的甘蔗收割机刀盘高度自动调节装置
Authors:Bai, Qiuwei (1); Jian, Zhen (1); Wu, Yongfeng (1); Zhao, Shiqing (1); Li, Guanglin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guanglin(liguanglin@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A sugarcane harvester is commonly used for mechanized harvesting in the hilly and mountainous areas. However, the cutter disk of the sugarcane harvester cannot automatically adjust with the fluctuation of ridge height, leading mainly to the sugarcane ratoon damage and wastes during the harvesting process. In this study, a data acquisition device was proposed for the cutting pressure of a hydraulic motor in a cutter disk, and then a simulation device was developed for adjusting the cutting height of the cutter disk with the ridge height. The data collection device for the cutting hydraulic motor was installed on the 4GZQ-260 sugarcane harvester. The hydraulic pressure of a cutter disk motor was collected, when the sugarcane was harvested at the planting site in Mingjiang Town, Ningming County, Guangxi, China. The results showed that the hydraulic pressure for the cutter disk of the harvester greatly varied, when cutting sugarcane into the soil and not into the soil, where the planting density and physical characteristics of sugarcane were fixed. A set of automatic control and adjustment device was designed for the height of the cutter disk, with the aid of hydraulic pressure in the cutting system. The device was mainly composed of a cutter disk lifting system, a cutter disk and a hydraulic motor, a data acquisition system of hydraulic pressure and speed. The hydraulic pressure sensor was used to detect the pressure of the hydraulic motor during cutting the sugarcane. The cutter disk lifting system was used to realize the lifting and lowering of the cutter disk according to the pressure value. The pressure of the hydraulic motor was measured, when the cutter disk was no-load, no soil cutting, and cutting into the soil depth of 3 and 5 cm. The pressure varied greatly when cutting in different depths. The critical pressures were obtained under three conditions, thereby formulating the lifting rules of the cutter disk. A field test was carried out to verify the automatic regulation and control the cutting depth of the cutter disk into the soil, where the benchmark cutting depth was set to be 3 cm, particularly when the height of the sugarcane ridge changed. The test results showed that when the cutter disk advanced at a speed of 0.25 m/s, the maximum error between the cutter disk entering the soil and the preset depth was 0.7 cm. When the cutter disk advanced at a speed of 0.4 m/s, the maximum error between the cutting depth of cutter disk and the preset depth was 0.8 cm, indicating the automatic adjustment of cutting depth according to the ridge height change of sugarcane. The provisions of sugarcane stubble can be less than 3 cm to meet the design requirements. This finding can provide a technical foundation for the automatic adjustment of cutting height for the cutter disk on the sugarcane harvester in the hilly and mountainous areas of China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Harvesters
Controlled terms:Automation - Data acquisition - Harvesting - Hydraulic fluids - Hydraulic motors - Plants (botany) - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic regulation - Control and adjustment - Data acquisition system - Data-acquisition devices - Hilly and mountainous areas - Mechanized harvesting - Physical characteristics - Sugarcane harvesters
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m, Velocity 2.50e-01m/s, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20211710247403
Title:Preparation and characterization of acylated mulberry anthocyanins using biological enzyme method
Title of translation:基于生物酶法的酰基化桑椹花青素的制备与特性
Authors:Jiang, Xizhi (1, 2); Xu, Lei (2, 3); Zhang, Bei (1); Xin, Xiangdong (1); Attaribo, Thomas (1); Gui, Zhongzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang; 212018, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Protected Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Jiangsu Yinbao Agricultural Science Research Institute Co., LTD., Yancheng; 224014, China
Corresponding author:Gui, Zhongzheng(srizzgui@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:294-301
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Mulberry is rich in anthocyanins. The main component is cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Anthocyanins are hydrophilic and water-soluble polyphenolic plant pigments and metabolites, which are one of the important antioxidants. They possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-cancer. Therefore, anthocyanins have great potential in various fields, such as the pharmaceutical and food industries. However, the relatively low stability of anthocyanin limits its bioavailability and effective applications, particularly on the degradation of anthocyanin. Taking the mature mulberry fruit as research objects, this study aims to prepare and characterize acylated mulberry anthocyanins using biological enzymes. The anthocyanin was extracted with acidified ethanol solvent and then purified by D101 macroporous resin. In order to reduce the degradation of anthocyanin while improving its stability, the mulberry anthocyanin was acylated by biological enzymatic and compared with that of non-acylated anthocyanin. Lipase, reaction solvent, and acyl donor were screened by single factor experiment to explore the anthocyanin acyl conversion rate. Taking the conversion rate as the evaluation index, the optimum conditions for acylation reaction were as follows: Candida Antarctica lipase as an acylating catalytic enzyme, pyridine as a catalytic reaction solvent, methyl benzoate as acyl donor, and the acylation effect was the best. The maximum conversion rate of mulberry anthocyanin was 13.5%. The products were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Acylated anthocyanin was composed of C=O absorption peak at 1 650-1 870 cm<sup>-1</sup>, -OH bending vibration absorption, and C-O-C stretching vibration absorption of phenolic molecules at 1 000-1 300cm<sup>-1</sup>. There was also a skeleton vibration peak of the benzene ring (1 420-1 600 cm<sup>-1</sup>). The non-acylated anthocyanin sample had obvious UV absorption at 280 nm, and the absorption at this wavelength was the most stable. It showed that anthocyanin contained a benzene ring and a phenolic hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. The absorption peak of acylated anthocyanins moved forward from 280 nm to 271 nm, indicating that the structure of anthocyanins had changed. In addition, an attempt was made to explore the effects of acylation on the stability and antioxidant properties of anthocyanin. The acylation could improve the thermal stability, photostability, and acid-base resistance of anthocyanin. At the same temperature, the preservation rate of acylated anthocyanin increased by 5.0%, and it could be better preserved at 40, 50, and 60℃. Light had a great influence on the stability of anthocyanin. The preservation rate of non-acylated anthocyanin decreased linearly to 77.3% within 10 days. After 6 days of light exposure, the preservation rate of acylated anthocyanin was still as high as 96.1%. At the pH values of 2, 3 and 8, the stability of acylated anthocyanin was improved. The acylation significantly increased the antioxidant activity of anthocyanin in vitro. DPPH radical scavenging activity was enhanced. The total reducing ability was 30% higher than that of the non-acylated anthocyanin. The chelating ability of metal ions was 90% higher. The inhibition rate of acylated anthocyanin on tumor cell activity was up to 81%, while that of non-acylated anthocyanin was only 50%. Therefore, acylated anthocyanin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. This finding can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the stable application and performance improvement of anthocyanin in the production fields of functional food, biomedicine, botanical pesticides, and daily cosmetics fields.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Anthocyanins
Controlled terms:Acid resistance - Acylation - Antioxidants - Benzene - Biochemistry - Catalysis - Chemical contamination - Enzymes - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - High performance liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Metabolites - Metal ions - Metals - Organic solvents - Plants (botany) - Stability - Stretching - Tumors - Uranium metallography - Vanadium metallography
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Candida antarctica lipase - DPPH radical scavenging activities - High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometries - Pharmacological properties - Phenolic hydroxyl group - Single-factor experiments - Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 531.1 Metallurgy - 531.2 Metallography - 535.2 Metal Forming - 547 Minor, Precious and Rare Earth Metals and Alloys - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 2.74e-02yr, Percentage 1.35e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.73e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Size 2.80e-07m to 2.71e-07m, Size 2.80e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20211710247392
Title:Thermal performance experiment of heat storage wall with flat micro heat pipe array in solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室平板微热管阵列蓄热墙体热性能试验
Authors:Guan, Yong (1); Wang, Tianmei (1); Wei, Mingtong (1); Liu, Tianming (1); Hu, Wanling (1); Duan, Shijian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:205-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Composite hetero-structure wall is widely used for the north wall of solar greenhouse in China. A thermal stable thick layer in this type of wall can greatly weaken the heat storage capacity of the greenhouse wall. This study aims to improve the temperature of the thermal stable layer, and thereby promoting the heat storage capacity of north walls in a solar greenhouse. A new type of wall was proposed for the solar greenhouse with a flat Micro Heat Pipe Array (MHPA) wall or heat storage wall. The wall was made by bending the flat micro heat pipe array into a zigzag-shape while mixing the cement mortar to form an MHPA block. Then, the MHPA block and ordinary blocks were built into the MHPA wall. The evaporation section of the flat micro heat pipe array was placed on the inner surface of the MHPA wall, and the condensation section was placed inside the MHPA wall to achieve the purpose of enhancement heat transfer. Two small-scale greenhouse comparison test-benches were set up on site with the MHPA wall (named as MHPA greenhouse) and the ordinary block wall (named as ordinary greenhouse). The evaluation parameters included the temperature of the greenhouse wall, the daily heat storage/release of the wall, and the greenhouse environmental temperature. A systematic investigation was made to compare the characteristics of heat storage/release of the MHPA wall, and the effect of improving the greenhouse thermal environment on representative days. The results showed that the average internal surface temperature of the MHPA wall on typical sunny days (from 17: 00 to 9: 00 the next day) was 1.6-2.3℃ higher than that of an ordinary wall. From indoor to outdoor, the average temperature inside the MHPA wall for the 0-370 mm area along the wall thickness direction increased by 2.7-4.0℃. During the heat storage period (from 9: 00 to 17: 00), the average environmental temperature of the MHPA greenhouse was 0.2-0.5℃ lower than that of an ordinary greenhouse, and the average ground surface temperature was 1.8-1.9℃ lower. During the heat release period, the average environmental temperature of the MHPA greenhouse was 1.2-1.5℃ higher than that of an ordinary greenhouse, and the average ground surface temperature was 0.6-1.0℃ higher. The MHPA wall can play the role of "peak cutting and valley filling" in the thermal environment of a greenhouse. The total daily heat storage of the MHPA wall was 8.92%-14.35% higher than that of an ordinary wall, and the total daily heat release was 2.24%-8.07% higher. In the heat storage and release rates of a wall on December 27, the maximum and average heat storage rates of the MHPA wall were 9.63% and 10.99% higher than those of the ordinary wall, and the maximum and average heat release rates were 9.23% and 5.60% higher than those of the ordinary wall, respectively. Moreover, the heat release rate of the MHPA wall was higher than that of an ordinary wall between 23: 00 and 7: 00 the next day, with an average increase of 11.53%. Therefore, the introduction of the MHPA wall into the wall of a solar greenhouse can effectively improve the heat storage and release capacity of the wall materials for a better thermal environment. These findings can provide a sound reference for the application of a flat micro-heat pipe array to the heat storage wall in a solar greenhouse.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Capillary flow - Composite structures - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Heat pipes - Heat storage - Solar heating - Storage (materials) - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Condensation section - Environmental temperature - Evaluation parameters - Flat micro heat pipe - Ground surface temperature - Heat Release Rate (HRR) - Heat storage capacity - Representative days
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 2.24e+00% to 8.07e+00%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 8.92e+00% to 1.43e+01%, Percentage 9.23e+00%, Percentage 9.63e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.70e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20211710247612
Title:Optimization of rectification bottom sill parameters in drainage pumping stations
Title of translation:排水泵站整流底坎参数优化
Authors:Li, Zhixiang (1); Feng, Jiangang (2, 3); Qian, Shangtuo (2); Xu, Hui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Water Conservancy Project & Civil Engineering College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi; 860000, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Jiangang(jgfeng@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:56-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Adverse flow patterns, such as backflow and vortex, often exist in the intake structure of drainage pumping station, which affected the stability of pump operation. Many rectification measures have been proposed to improve the flow patterns, one of which is the bottom sill. This study aims to optimize the design for the shape and layout of bottom sill using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology and response surface method (RSM), where the height and distance parameters were most important influence factors. Taking the height and distance as design variables, a systematic optimization was performed on the structural parameters of bottom sill to improve flow patterns. A comparison was made on the numerical calculation and model test results on surface streamlines and velocity distribution, thereby to verify the reliability of numerical simulation used in this study. A Sobol' index method was utilized to clarify the global sensitivity of response surface model, together with the interaction between design parameters. Furthermore, the information weight method was used to estimate three evaluation indexes: the coefficient of hydraulic loss, unevenness coefficient of flow rate, and characteristic value of horn mouth vorticity, in order to form a comprehensive objective function. As such, the comprehensive objective function quantitatively showed the influence of bottom sill rectification on the velocity and vorticity field in the intake structure of drainage pumping station. The results showed that the changes of two design parameters had a great influence on the response surface model, indicating that there was a significant interaction between the height and distance parameters of the bottom sill. The relative height of bottom sill had a higher impact on the model than the relative distance. There was a great impact on the flow pattern of intake structure under the coupling height and distance of bottom sill, indicating a significantly improved flow pattern after optimizing. An optimal combination of parameters was obtained using the steepest descent method in the response surface model, where the relative height of bottom sill was 0.29, and the relative distance of bottom sill was 5.02. The uneven distribution coefficient of velocity, hydraulic efficiency of computational domain, and vortex distribution value of intake bell mouth were reduced by 19.28%, 5.26% and 5.76%, respectively. In addition, the R<sup>2</sup> for the comprehensive objective function was 0.86, and the root mean square error was 0.02. The relative error was 1.30% between the predicted value and the actual one from the calculated comprehensive objective function. The data showed that the response surface model can accurately optimize the relationship between the design parameters of bottom sill and the comprehensive objective function. The information weight method can be used for the multi-objective optimization on hydraulic characteristics of intake structure. The response surface model can be applied to the parameter optimization of rectification measures in pumping station.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Structural design
Controlled terms:Computational efficiency - Computational fluid dynamics - Flow patterns - Mean square error - Multiobjective optimization - Pumping plants - Pumps - Shape optimization - Steepest descent method - Surface properties - Velocity distribution - Vortex flow - Vorticity
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution coefficient - Drainage pumping station - Hydraulic characteristic - Parameter optimization - Response surface method - Response surface modeling - Root mean square errors - Systematic optimization
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 446 Waterworks - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 1.93e+01%, Percentage 5.26e+00%, Percentage 5.76e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20211710247510
Title:Quick start-up test of partial nitrosation of pig farm anaerobic digestion liquid in pilot membrane bioreactor
Title of translation:中试膜生物反应器中猪场沼液部分亚硝化快速启动试验
Authors:Bian, Hanxiao (1); Sui, Qianwen (2); Zheng, Rui (3); Dong, Hongmin (1); Hao, Zhipeng (1); Xue, Pengying (1); Song, Man (1); Zhu, Zhiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management in Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100085, China; (3) Anping Hongjia Environmental Protection Technology Co., Led., Hengshui; 053600, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Zhiping(zhuzhiping@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:223-230
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) has widely been used as the biological treatment with membrane filtration in municipal and industrial wastewater, due mainly to the better water quality of product and long Sludge Retention Time (SRT). In this study, a pilot-scale partial nitrosation process was carried out in a membrane bioreactor to achieve a stable accumulation of nitrite nitrogen. Scientific operating parameters were obtained to realize that the nitrosated and anaerobic digestion quickly started and ran stably in a pig farm. The results showed that the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) level was controlled in the reactor at 0.2-0.5 mg/L under the normal temperature, and the pH was controlled at 8.0±2.0. The partial nitrosation process was successfully started and operated stably, where the accumulation rate of nitrite nitrogen (NAR) reached the maximum of 87.95% and remained stable at a high level. The concentrations of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in the effluent were (197.68±27.51) mg/L and (215.61±33.91) mg/L, respectively. In the stable operation stage, the concentration of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N in the effluent gradually decreased and stabilized at about 30 mg/L. By adjusting the intermittent aeration ratio in a reactor to 20 min: 20 min, the degree of ammonia oxidation was controlled, while about 50% of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N in the influent water was oxidized to NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N by Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB). A strong suggestion was made to inhibit the Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria (NOB) from oxidizing NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N to NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, thereby maintaining the accumulation rate of NO<inf>2</inf>-N and stabilizing the ρ(NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N)/ρ(NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N) of the effluent at 1.1: 1, which were well suitable for the substrate requirements for anammox reaction. During the partial nitrosation process, the AOB activity improved significantly and maintained at 0.4±0.02 g/(g•d), the NOB activity increased slightly and then decreased to remain at a low level. The AOB activity was significantly higher than the NOB activity. The microbial diversity increased in the reactor, and the flora structure changed significantly. The dominant bacteria in the reactor shifted from Chloroflexi and Firmicutes to Proteobacteria. At the genus level, Nitrospira did not increase significantly, while the relative abundance of Nitrolancea gradually decreased during the entire operation, and the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas showed an upward trend. Nitrosomonas became the dominant genus in the reactor after partial nitrosation was successfully started, the relative abundances of Zobellella, Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis, and Smithella increased slightly, indicating that there were other denitrification reactions in the reactor that acted on the removal of ammonia nitrogen. The relative abundance of NOB in the reactor was significantly higher than that of AOB at the initial stage of a startup. Increasing the concentration of Free Ammonia (FA) promoted the increase of the relative abundance of AOB and NOB, and the ratio of AOB/NOB increased from 0.26 to 1.68. After a stable operation, the ratio of AOB/NOB in the nitrosation tank was 5.07. The AOB showed the main advantage in the partial nitrosation after the start-up. The increase in the ratio of AOB/NOB promoted the accumulation of NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N.NAR, water temperature, and FA, where the NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N<inf>eff</inf>/NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N<inf>eff</inf> were the main factors that changed the distribution of microbial communities. The lower FA and temperature were not conducive to the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen, whereas, the higher FA concentration and temperature promoted the accumulation of nitrite. The finding can provide technical support for the application of part nitrosation and anammox process in actual engineering.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Bacteria - Biochemical oxygen demand - Bioconversion - Biological water treatment - Bioreactors - Dissolved oxygen - Effluents - Industrial water treatment - Mammals - Microfiltration - Nitrogen - Nitrogen oxides - Nitrogen removal - Wastewater treatment - Water filtration - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia oxidizing bacteria - Industrial wastewaters - Intermittent aeration - Membrane bio reactor (MBR) - Membrane filtrations - Microbial communities - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria - Sludge retention time
Classification code:445 Water Treatment - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 802 Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e-04kg/m3 to 5.00e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Time 1.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20211710247544
Title:Current scenario of gully erosion and its control strategy in Mollisols areas of Northeast China
Title of translation:东北黑土区沟道侵蚀现状及其防治对策
Authors:Zhang, Xingyi (1); Liu, Xiaobing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin; 150081, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xiaobing(liuxb@iga.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:320-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Gully erosion is a destructive and dramatic form of land degradation, representing the soil loss of the top surface along drainage channels by water runoff and rainfall. Except for the Loess Plateau in China, the black soil (Mollisols) region of Northeast China has become the most severe affected area due to gullying. The gully erosion has posed a great threat to regional agricultural production and ecological environment, since the current gully erosion is ever-fragmenting the farmland to aggravate sloping land erosion, even to destroy the land. Since the 1970 s, considerable efforts have been made to gradually control gully erosion using various conservation measures, thereby mitigating property damage and losses. In this study, a systematic summary was proposed to clarify the characteristics, developing trends, and damages of gully erosion in the black soil region of Northeast China, integrating with the survey conducted by the National Gully Erosion Management Project and reports from the National Key R& D Program. The results demonstrated that the actual gully number of 295 663 in the region was probably underestimated by 50%, according to the gully density difference obtained from the satellite images and field investigation. The average size of gullies was an area of 1.23 hm<sup>2</sup> with a length of 661.3 m. In the 88.7% active gullies, 60.2% developed in farmland was encroaching the arable land at an expansion rate of 7.39 km<sup>2</sup> per year. As such, the ultimate goal of gully mitigation was to stabilize the erosion expansionand rehabilitate vegetation in the region. The recent control of gully erosion could firstly hinder the gullying development, and then restore the gully through ecological approaches. Different feasible measures were developed to construct the structures at gully headcuts, or various check dams in the gully bed, as well as soil and water conservation barriers along the gully bank, depending on the local conditions and resources. Four systems against gully erosion are available: 1) the corn stover and coal gangue can be filled to remediate gully on the farmland; 2) vegetation rehabilitation including the wicker check dams, continuous live wicker, and a shrub or an arbor plant enclosure can be achieved; 3) other bioengineering can be combined with engineering techniques; 4) the plant rehabilitation can be integrated with engineering techniques, such as drop structures at headcuts and soil check dams, masonry check dams, and gabion check dams in gully bed locations with the masonry against flow scour. Specifically, a systematic practice of gully erosion was established to identify the well-suited conditions of sites. The application of these practices depended mainly on the topography, gully size, and local economy. The specific locations and conditions were also defined for the bioengineering implementation in each system. In addition, some strategies were proposed for the control of gully erosion in the aspects of law and regulation perfection, integration of Mollisols conservation projects, innovation of remediation practices, and the priority of gullies in sloping farmland. The findings can provide scientific support and guidelines for the policy-making on the control engineering of gully erosion for better regional development in modern agriculture and ecological civilization construction.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Dams - Erosion - Expansion - Farms - Masonry materials - Regional planning - Remediation - Scour - Soil conservation - Soils - Topography - Vegetation - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Black soil region of northeast chinas - Conservation measures - Conservation projects - Ecological environments - Engineering techniques - Region of northeast chinas - Vegetation rehabilitation
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 414 Masonry Materials - 441.1 Dams - 444 Water Resources - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 7.39e+06m2, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.02e+01%, Percentage 8.87e+01%, Size 6.61e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20211710247585
Title:Spatial-temporal pattern and cause analysis for accurate management of remote sensing zoning at field scale in black soil areas
Title of translation:黑土区田块尺度精准管理遥感分区时空格局与成因分析
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Yin, Yue (1); Bao, Yilin (1); Zhang, Xinle (1); Ma, Yuyang (1); Wang, Mengpei (1); Meng, Linghua (2); Song, Shaozhong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Pubilc Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China; (3) School of Information Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun; 130052, China
Corresponding author:Song, Shaozhong(57305666@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:147-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Division of accurate management area can make a great contribution to the ecological conservation in precision agriculture, particularly on preventing excessive fertilization and pesticides. There is a regularly uniform distribution of management zoning in different years in the same field. It is necessary to quantitatively analyze the spatial-temporal changes of zoning for better field accurate management according to local conditions. Most previous studies focused on the accurate partition, with emphasis on the selection of input quantity for high accuracy of zoning. The innovation of this study lies in the quantitative expression of a multiyear pattern after the division, together with the influencing factors of zoning. A corn field was selected as the research area at the Youyi Farm in Heilongjiang Province of northeastern China. The remote sensing images were captured from the Sentinel-2A satellite under the European Space Agency (ESA) during the corn seedling stage in the first ten days of June 2017-2020. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was extracted from the preprocessed images on the ArcGIS software. The object-oriented segmentation was used to segment NDVI images, where the coefficient of variation was selected to evaluate each segmentation. The coefficients of variation in the NDVI were reduced by more than 70% after segmentation. In the partition, a natural breakpoint was used to classify the NDVI. A superposition analysis was utilized to calculate the spatial transfer matrix. The results showed that the patterns of maize in the seedling stage were similar in the study area. The coefficients of variation for the elevation and slope after segmentation were reduced by 42.857%-57.143% and 30.723%-34.940%, respectively, indicating that the growth of crops was affected by terrain factors. There was also a significant correlation between the NDVI and terrain factors, such as the elevation and slope. The sensors of soil temperature and humidity were embedded in four different positions on the slope along the ridge line with obvious topographic relief. A line chart or histogram was obtained for the four NDVI, the average values of soil moisture and temperature on the same ridge line according to the elevation changes in June. The highest NDVI values in the four stages were observed on the sunny slope, while gradually decreased from the top to the bottom of a slope. The reason was that the soil temperature of the sunny slope was the highest, while the soil moisture was sufficient, suitable for the emergence conditions of crops, where the emergence was faster with the high NDVI. On the shady slope, the soil temperature was relatively low, unsuitable for the emergence conditions with a low NDVI. In a specific field, the precise management pattern was similar to the same crop in the growth period over many years. The growth of crops at the early stage and the zonings of precise management depended mainly on the distribution of soil moisture and temperature under the different topographies. The findings can provide a spatiotemporal framework to integrate accurate management with variable fertilization and pesticides in precision agriculture.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Zoning
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Image segmentation - Object oriented programming - Pesticides - Plants (botany) - Precision agriculture - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Space optics - Statistical methods - Temperature - Transfer matrix method
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Coefficients of variations - Ecological conservation - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object-oriented segmentation - Spatial-temporal changes - Superposition analysis - Variable fertilizations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 656.1 Space Flight - 723.1 Computer Programming - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.07e+01% to 3.49e+01%, Percentage 4.29e+01% to 5.71e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20211710247533
Title:Effects of plasma treatment on the structure and functional properties of flaxseed gum
Title of translation:等离子体处理对亚麻籽胶结构和功能特性的影响
Authors:Yu, Xiao (1); Nie, Chengzhen (1); Qin, Xiaopeng (1); Chen, Binyun (1); Huang, Shasha (1); Xiang, Qisen (1); Deng, Qianchun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Food Quality and Safety Control, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430062, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Qianchun(dengqianchun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:269-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Flaxseed gum is an anionic heteropolysaccharide located in the mucinous cell layer of flaxseed hull, accounting for 8%-10% of flaxseed mass. Since the type of hydrophilic colloid has favorable thickening, emulsifying and weak gelling properties, the flaxseed gum can be used to construct the delivery system of sensitive bioactive components using the electrostatic interaction and/or Maillard reaction with proteins. The potential of flaxseed gum to stabilize the sensitive bioactive components, such as n-3 fatty acids and carotenoids largely depends on the naturally occurring 2S storage protein (conlinin). Moreover, the space network structure formed by the intermolecular cross-linking also partly contributes to the potential of flaxseed gum acted as a delivery vehicle. However, it is still necessary to further improve the delivery stability of the system constructed by the single flaxseed gum through specific physical modification, and thereby broaden the promising application in healthy food. As new non-thermal technology for food processing, plasma is gradually applied to the moderate modification of food macromolecules, including protein, starch, and chitosan. It is unknown whether the plasma can pose a beneficial effect on the flaxseed gum and the coexisting protein or phenolic compounds in the aqueous phase. The current study aims to explore the effects of different plasma treatment time (0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s) on the selected techno-functionality of flaxseed gum at the mass concentration of 5 mg/mL, including the thermal property, rheological behavior, emulsion-stabilizing and in vitro antioxidant capacities. An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) treatment during 0-120s was used to explore the changes of pH value, zeta potential, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution, microstructure, interfacial adsorption property, total phenolic, and flavonoids. The results showed that the pH value and zeta potential of flaxseed gum gradually decreased, due to the acidification of solution, indicating the production of NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>, ONOO<sup>-</sup> following plasma treatment. The depolymerization of flaxseed gum was induced with the plasma treatment time extending from 30 to 120 s, resulting in a decrease in average molecular weight. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that the plasma treatment reduced the carbonization temperature of flaxseed gum due to its depolymerization. The total phenolics, flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant activities of flaxseed gum showed a repetitive trend of first decreasing and then increasing, as demonstrated by the DPPH and FRAP assays. It can be attributed mainly to the dissociation, release, and oxidative depletion of small amounts of free phenolic acids as well as the subsequent depolymerization of lignan macromolecules in flaxseed gum following 0-120 s of plasma treatment. Moreover, the plasma treatment further affected the apparent viscosity and interfacial adsorption properties of flaxseed gum. A short-time plasma treatment improved the potential of flaxseed gum to stabilize the flaxseed oil emulsion, characterized by a Turbiscan Lab stability analyzer with multiple light scattering technique. The cryo-SEM images revealed that the flaxseed gum was involved in the formation of interfacial film for lipid droplets, and simultaneously maintained the spatial distribution of lipid droplets using spatial network structure following 0-15 s of plasma treatment. Consequently, a short-time plasma treatment can be used to effectively improve the emulsion stability potential and in vitro antioxidant capacities of flaxseed gum, and thereby serve as an effective way to tailor the techno-functionality of flaxseed gum for the extensive application in health food.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Flax
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Atmospheric pressure - Carbonization - Drops - Emulsification - Emulsions - Fatty acids - Flavonoids - Light scattering - Macromolecules - Molecular weight distribution - Oils and fats - Oilseeds - pH - Plasma applications - Plasma jets - Plasma stability - Proteins - Sols - System stability - Thermal processing (foods) - Thermogravimetric analysis - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Atmospheric pressure plasma jets - Average molecular weight - Carbonization temperatures - Intermolecular crosslinking - Monosaccharide composition - Multiple light scattering - Physical modifications
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.20e+02s, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.50e+01s, Time 1.20e+02s, Time 3.00e+01s to 1.20e+02s, Time 9.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20211710247662
Title:Buckwheat disease recognition using convolution neural network combined with image processing
Title of translation:基于卷积神经网络结合图像处理技术的荞麦病害识别
Authors:Chen, Shanxiong (1); Wu, Sheng (1); Yu, Xianping (1); Yi, Zelin (2); Lei, Xinghua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) School of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) Chongqing Municipal Agricultural School, Chongqing; 401329, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Sheng(wushengcq@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:155-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Buckwheat is widely cultivated in the regions of high altitude and cold mountains, such as northern and southwest China. The occurrence of crop diseases has posed a great threat to the quality and yield of buckwheat. Disease surveillance is an important measure to ensure the healthy development of the buckwheat industry. Since artificial intelligence has been extending to precision agriculture in recent years, machine learning and pattern recognition are beneficial to image classification, detection, and recognition for high accuracy and efficiency, while reducing the overhead in the detection of crop diseases. However, the existing deep learning cannot consider the complexity of disease images collected in the field, such as leaf overlap, uneven lighting, and shadow coverage. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately extract key features in a complex imaging environment for accurate recognition of crop diseases. In this study, a feasible multi-layer feature extraction in deep learning was proposed to extract the features of buckwheat diseases. A surveillance system of disease was then established according to the classified characteristics, thereby automatically identifying the categories of buckwheat diseases. Firstly, a combination of Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was used to detect the feature regions of buckwheat disease, where the disease and disease-free areas were separated to precisely locate the disease position. A two-level inception structure was then added to the traditional CNN. The first layer was used to extract the contour features of the disease, where the dimension of the feature was represented by shallow information. The second layer was selected to obtain more detailed features, so that the number of parameters was relatively small in each layer, avoiding the gradient disappearance in the training process. This structure was normally used to extract the features for the low-quality images of buckwheat disease, particularly for the higher accuracy of classification. An improved convolution based on cosine similarity was utilized rather than the traditional convolution operation, in order to reduce the sensitivity of illumination during the sampling process. After that, the positions with similar features to the convolution kernel behaved higher activation values in the feature map. In addition, the difference between features was also reduced to prevent the interference of sample noise, thereby achieving better feature extraction for samples with uneven illumination. Finally, a systematic dataset was established, including some images for eight types of buckwheat diseases. The results showed that the combined framework of MSER and CNN with the two-level inception recognition was an effective way for region detection. In the identification for the presence or absence of disease, the accuracy, recall, and F1-measure reached 97.54%, 96.38%, and 97.82%, respectively. Furthermore, the mean for the recognition of disease categories reached 84.86%, 85.78%, and 85.4%, respectively, indicating excellent performance in recognition accuracy and speed. The finding can provide promising technical support for the automatic recognition of buckwheat diseases.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Complex networks - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Crops - Deep learning - Extraction - Feature extraction
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of classifications - Automatic recognition - Convolution neural network - Disease surveillance - Maximally Stable Extremal Regions - Recognition accuracy - Surveillance systems - Uneven illuminations
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.49e+01%, Percentage 8.54e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Percentage 9.78e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20211710247432
Title:Design and experiments of the mechanism of blowing leaves and replanting of plug seedlings
Title of translation:穴盘苗吹叶补苗机构设计与试验
Authors:Li, Bo (1, 2); Gu, Song (1, 3); Xie, Zhongjian (1); Chu, Qi (4); Jiang, Delong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang; 330045, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Guangzhou Sky Mechanical & Electrical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Song(sgu666@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">In the seedling filling operation, there were some damaged leaves of plug seedlings around the vacancy tray cell to be filled, particularly on those plug seedlings under leaf covered. In this study, a feasible device with jetting air tubes was proposed to integrate with blowing leaves and filling plug seedlings. The main part of the blowing leaves mechanism was a jetting air tube with an inner diameter of 5 mm. There were 8 jetting holes with a diameter of 1.2 mm in the horizontal section near the top, where the jetting air tube was closed. During the operation, the high-pressure airflow in the jetting air tube moved upward from the seepage hole at the bottom of the hole to be filled, thereby blowing away the sheltered leaves, concurrently cooperated with the seedling filling manipulator to complete the seedling filling. A Fluent 15.0 software was selected to simulate the airflow field produced by the jetting air tube, in order to investigate the distribution of flow velocity at the outlet of jetting air tube. The number of jetting holes was set as 6, 7 and 8 in the simulation. The ratio C was defined as the section area ratio of air tube to that of all jetting holes, which was set as 1, 2 and 3. The results of fluid simulation showed that an ideal surface of jetting flow radiation was obtained when the number of jetting holes was 8, and the jetting flow cannot contact the substrate block of plug seedlings. A performance test was selected to determine the optimal C value. An experimental device was performed on six types of plug seedlings with different leaf coverage, including Anthurium, Spathiphyllum, Chinese kale, Guangfu No.1 flowering cabbage, Chinese pakchoi, and Italy elite lettuce. The blowing leaves mechanism was integrated with the seedling filling manipulator that attached to the Denso manipulator. The results showed that the filling success rate of seedlings was related to the initial leaf coverage rate of plug seedling leaves (the area ratio of holes to be filled covered by the leaves of adjacent plug seedlings to that of all holes), the inclination angle of plug seedling leaves, and the pressure of jetting air tube. There were obvious peaks in the filling success rates of two flowers plug seedlings, while there was only a slight increase in those of four leafy vegetables, as the flow pressure of jetting air tube increased. The filling success rates of all types showed first increased and then decreased with the increasing of ratio C. Therefore, a better performance was achieved, where the C value was selected as 2, the diameter of jetting holes was 1.2 mm, the pressure range of jetting air tube was 0.10-0.31 MPa, and the number of jetting holes was 8. In the Anthurium plug seedlings with an initial leaf coverage rate of 59.4%, the filling success rate of seedlings reached 92%, when the pressure of jetting air tube was 0.28 MPa. In the Spathiphyllum plug seedlings with a 56.2% initial leaf coverage rate, the filling success rate was 94%, when the pressure of jetting air tube was 0.22 MPa. In the plug seedlings of Chinese kale with a 35.4% initial leaf coverage rate, the filling success rate was 90%, when the pressure of jetting air tube was 0.22-0.31 MPa. When the pressure of jetting air tube was 0.16-0.31 MPa, the filling success rate all reached 90% in the plug seedlings of Guangfu No.1 flowering cabbage, Chinese pakchoi, and Italy elite lettuce with an initial leaf coverage rate of 29.7%-35.8%.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Filling - Flow velocity - Manipulators - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow fields - Experimental devices - Fluid simulations - Horizontal section - Inclination angles - Leafy vegetables - Performance tests - Pressure ranges
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.97e+01% to 3.58e+01%, Percentage 3.54e+01%, Percentage 5.62e+01%, Percentage 5.94e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa to 3.10e+05Pa, Pressure 1.60e+05Pa to 3.10e+05Pa, Pressure 2.20e+05Pa, Pressure 2.20e+05Pa to 3.10e+05Pa, Pressure 2.80e+05Pa, Size 1.20e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20211710247570
Title:Effects of spatial autocorrelation on spatial sampling efficiencies of winter wheat planting areas
Title of translation:空间自相关性对冬小麦种植面积空间抽样效率的影响
Authors:Wang, Di (1, 2); Zhong, Geji (1, 2); Zhang, Ying (1, 2); Tian, Tian (1, 2); Zeng, Yan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:188-197
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Spatial sampling is an important measure for timely and accurate estimation of crop acreage at large-scale regions. There is a common spatial autocorrelation occurring in crop distributions. However, previous studies had paid little attention to the influence of the spatial autocorrelation on the sampling efficiency for crop area estimation. The object of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation characteristics between the sampling units for crop acreage investigation and analyze the impact of the spatial autocorrelation on the spatial sampling efficiency (i.e., sampling error, sample size, and sample layout). In this study, Fengtai County in Anhui Province, China was selected as the study area. The winter wheat was extracted using 4 GF-1 PMS (Panchromatic and Multispectral Sensor) and Google Earth satellite images in the study area in April 2017, to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation of the winter wheat distribution. Subsequently, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm was adopted to extract the basic thematic map of winter wheat by combining the fused GF-1 PMS images and ground sample data, to test the accuracy of winter wheat acreage estimation. Ten sampling unit sizes (500, 1 000, 1 500, 2 000, 2 500, 3 000, 3 500, 4 000, 4 500, 5 000 m), three sampling methods (simple random, systematic, and stratified sampling), two permissible limits of the relative error (5% and 10%), and five sample layout patterns (simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, and systematic sampling with three sorting orders) were formulated to construct multiple spatial sampling schemes. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Relative Error (MRE), and Mean Coefficient of Variation (MCV) were used to assess the extrapolation accuracy of the spatial sampling for winter wheat area estimation. The global Moran's index was employed to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation intensity of the proportion of winter wheat accounting for a sampling unit area. The results demonstrated as follows: The spatial autocorrelation intensity of the proportion of winter wheat to a sampling unit area decreased with sampling unit scale increasing, accordingly, the global Moran's index fell from 0.75 to 0.50. The proportion of winter wheat to a sampling unit area showed a significant positive spatial autocorrelation, irrespective of the sampling unit scale; the estimation indicators (RMSE, MRE, and MCV) of population extrapolation of the winter wheat acreage firstly decreased and then obviously increased with the spatial autocorrelation intensity decreasing. In terms of ten sampling unit scales, when the sampling unit size was 2 000 m and sampling fraction was 5%, the MRE of population extrapolation of winter wheat area was all the minimum using three sampling methods. Specifically, the MRE from simple random, systematic, and stratified sampling was 17.94%, 9.48%, and 1.82%, respectively; the sample size decreased from 660 to 56 with the spatial autocorrelation intensity of the winter wheat distribution, when the simple random sampling method was used to estimate the winter wheat area and the relative permissible error was 5%. However, the spatial autocorrelation of the winter wheat distribution had little impact on the sample sizes used by the stratified sampling method; As far as five sample layout patterns were concerned, when the stratified random sampling was used for sample layout, the MRE, MCV, and RMSE of population extrapolation of winter wheat acreage were the minimum, which were 1.82%, 3.19%, and 0.11×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. In this way, this study could provide an important basis for improving the rationality of the spatial sampling scheme for crop acreage estimation.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Importance sampling
Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Crops - Efficiency - Errors - Extrapolation - Image processing - Maps - Mean square error - Sampling - Spatial distribution - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Crop area estimations - Multispectral sensors - Root mean squared errors - Simple random sampling - Spatial autocorrelations - Stratified random sampling - Support vector machine algorithm
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+00%, Percentage 3.19e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.48e+00%, Size 2.00e+03m, Size 5.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20211710247577
Title:Green synthesis of N, P-codoped porous biomass carbon for high-performance Li-S batteries
Title of translation:氮磷共掺杂生物质多孔碳的绿色合成及其在锂硫电池中的应用
Authors:Shu, Xiaoqing (1); Guan, Jindiao (1); Sun, Jingchun (1); Tong, Gongsong (1); Chen, Liying (1); Zhou, Nan (1, 2); Wang, Yifan (1, 2); Zhong, Mei'e (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Hunan Engineering Research Center for Biochar, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Zhong, Mei'e(zhongmeie@hunau.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:231-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery (Li-S) has attracted extensive attention, due to its abundant resource, low cost, environmental friendliness, and high theoretical specific capacity. However, the main challenge for Li-S battery industrialization is to solve the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide and the low conductivity of sulfur-related species. A large number of previous studies reported that combining sulfur with porous carbon can effectively alleviate the problem. Unfortunately, most carbon materials are non-polar and mainly restrain the dissolution of polysulfide by limited physical adsorption, resulting in low capacity and poor cycle stabilities. Alternatively, heteroatom doping can serve as electro-catalysts to accelerate polysulfide redox kinetics, and thereby improve electrochemical performance. At present, the preparation of heteroatom-doped porous carbon relies mainly on the use of highly corrosion activations, such as KOH, and foreign heteroatom-containing compounds for tailoring the specific structure, accompanied by low yield and costly. Therefore, it is very urgent to explore a simple, feasible, and environmentally friendly approach to synthesize the heteroatom-doped porous carbon. Herein, a cross-link and in-situ doping strategy was first proposed for the green synthesis of high yield, abundant functional groups and N, P-codoped porous biomass carbon (NPOC). The methodology involved simultaneous cross-linked pore-forming, carbon modification, and in-situ P, N codoping to generate high yield and high conductivity biochar. In this system, phytic acid (a plant extract and contains six phosphate groups) was chosen as the reaction medium, whereas, tobacco stalk (a type of economical waste biomass rich in nitrogen element and oxygen-containing functional groups) was employed as the carbon precursor. Due to its unusual coordination ability, phytic acid can cross-link with the oxygen-containing functional groups of biomass (tobacco stalk) to produce a three-dimensional porous network structure. Because of its abundant carbon and phosphorus content, the decomposition of phytic acid during heat treatment can provide carbon modification and P-doped for rich-nitrogen tobacco stems biochar, leading to high yield and conductivity. A physical melting was used to obtain the NOPC/S composites. The N and P dopants were beneficial to the immobilization and catalytic conversion of polysulfide, thus boosting the cyclic stability and rate capacity. The electrochemical performance indicated that when the amount of added phytic acid was set as 20 mL, the synthesized NOPC-2 material delivered a high discharge capacity of 1 211 mAh/g at 0.1C. More importantly, there was a capacity retention value of 885 mAh/g after 300 cycles at 1C, with only 0.029% capacity attenuation rate of each cycle. These findings can illuminate a promising excellent S storage porous carbon material. A novel and green pore-forming strategy can be expected to fabricate the high-performance sulfur host for Li-S batteries, particularly with the waste biomass in sustainable agriculture.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Lithium sulfur batteries
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biomass - Carbon - Corrosion - Electric discharges - Green manufacturing - Green Synthesis - Heat treatment - Lithium batteries - Lithium compounds - Nitrogen - Oxygen - Phosphorus - Plant extracts - Polysulfides - Porous materials - Potassium hydroxide - Tobacco
Uncontrolled terms:Coordination ability - Electrochemical performance - Environmental friendliness - Oxygen-containing functional groups - Porous carbon materials - Porous network structures - Rechargeable lithium-sulfur batteries - Sustainable agriculture
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702.1.1 Primary Batteries - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.90e-02%, Volume 2.00e-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20211710247620
Title:Seeding parameter monitoring method based on laser sensors
Title of translation:基于激光传感器的播种参数监测方法
Authors:Xie, Chunji (1, 2); Yang, Li (1, 2); Zhang, Dongxing (1, 2); Cui, Tao (1, 2); Zhang, Kailiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Li(yl_hb68@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:140-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Current parameters monitoring of corn seeding has widely used as a type of infrared photoelectric sensor, which is easily susceptible to the impact of dust and falling seeds during sowing in precision agricultural practice. The previous sensors installed in the middle and upper part of the seed guide tube cannot accurately count the double overlapping seeds in the actual sowing. There are also large monitoring deviations with low accuracy of measurement of key parameters in the system. In this study, laser-based parameter monitoring was proposed for corn seeding. The laser sensor can penetrate transparent objects, together with unique characteristics, including good directionality, high brightness, and good monochromaticity. A modulating control valve was selected to improve the anti-interference performance in the direct laser modulation. An inverter drive circuit was used to increase the driving force in the monitoring system. Taking the signal capture source, the laser sensor was easily installed on a specially designed transparent joint, which could be fully matched with the bottom end of the seed tube. The most popular microcontroller STM32 was selected as the main controller, where the timer's input capture function was used to obtain the period of pulse signals for the seeding parameters. As such, it realized the statistics on the number of seeds. The oscilloscope test results showed that the program design capture value was accurate and reliable. High-speed camera technology was utilized to analyze the falling process of seeds. It was found that the seeds were easy to collide and bounce in the lower part of the seed guide tube, particularly on the great variation in the movement route of seeds. Since the sensor installed in the upper part of the seed guide tube could not accurately monitor, the sensor position was selected at the bottom of guide tube in the installation, reducing the monitoring error and obtaining the parameters closer to the real seeding situation. Three monitoring tests were carried out for the simulated dust, seeding parameters, and double seed overlap, in order to verify the reliability of laser monitoring. In the simulated dust test, the log paper was used to simulate dust, where the size of dust was obtained via changing the thickness of the paper. Two kinds of sensors were simultaneously monitoring, where an infrared sensor was installed on the upper part of the same seed guide tube and a laser sensor on the bottom end. The experimental results show that the laser sensor achieved a higher monitoring accuracy rate under dusty working conditions, with more accurate seeding parameters, compared with the infrared sensor. Specifically, the laser sensor could still monitor normally, while the infrared sensor could not, particularly when the log paper increased to 4 layers. Nevertheless, the laser sensor could not be used when the log paper increased to 8 layers. At the speeds of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 km/h, the average monitoring error of each parameter was below 0.5 percent points, and the average monitoring error for the number of seeds was 3. The accuracy rate reached 95.4% for the laser sensor installed at the bottom of the seed guide tube to monitor the double overlapping seeds discharged from the seeding port. In contrast, the average detection accuracy of the previous infrared sensors installed on the upper part was only below 6.6%. The experiment verified that the laser monitoring has the reliable working performance to meet the needs of actual seeding parameter monitoring.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Dust - Errors - High speed cameras - Infrared detectors - Infrared devices - Smoke detectors - Software testing - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of measurements - Agricultural practices - Direct laser modulation - Infrared photoelectric - Monitoring accuracy - Parameter monitoring - Transparent objects - Working performance
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 6.60e+00%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Velocity 2.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20211710247563
Title:Evaluation of soybean mechanization production mode in China and Kazakhstan using carbon and water footprint
Title of translation:采用碳水足迹评价中国与哈萨克斯坦大豆机械化生产模式
Authors:Chu, Tianshu (1); Lai, Shixuan (1); Han, Lujia (1); Yang, Zengling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zengling(yangzengling@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:312-319
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Agricultural mechanization is closely related to the large-scale sustainable production of crops. An ever-increasing specialization is also crucial to the farm landscape and rural settlements in social communities. Therefore, it is highly urgent to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the production efficiency, environmental impact, and water consumption in the mechanized mode of crop production. As such, carbon and water footprints were frequently applied in the evaluation of the agricultural production. In this study, a systematic evaluation was performed on the mechanized production modes of soybean in China and Kazakhstan using carbon and water footprints. Two main areas of soybean production were selected as the research sites: One is the Nenjiang Farm (located at 48°07' N, 125°50' E) in the Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area, China, and another is the Amangel'dy Farm (located at 44°57' N, 78°04' E) in the Almaty Region, Kazakhstan. Then, the carbon footprint, water footprint, and yield were used to analyze mechanized modes of soybean production from multiple perspectives. The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventories in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines were used to calculate the carbon footprint. A Cropwat 8.0 software from FAO was used for the water footprint. The meteorological data was obtained from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia, and the soil hydraulic properties were from the High-Resolution Soil Hydraulic Properties Map of the World. The carbon footprint was calculated for the N<inf>2</inf>O emission from managed soil, and other emissions from agricultural inputs, including fertilizer, seeds, pesticides, diesel, and labor, all of which were converted into the CO<inf>2</inf> equivalent. The water footprint was calculated for the consumption of indirect water from agricultural materials inputs, and the direct water consumption, including green, blue, and gray water. The results showed that the carbon footprint, water footprint, and yield were 0.51 kg/kg, 1.82 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, and 2 875 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in China, and 0.52 kg/kg, 2.76 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, and 2 000 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in Kazakhstan, respectively. The carbon footprint in the Amangel'dy Farm was 2.08 % higher, while the water footprint was 51.83 % higher, and the yield was 30.43 % lower, than that in the Nenjiang Farm. It infers that the mechanized mode of soybean production in the Nenjiang Farm was much better than that in the Amangel'dy Farm. In Almaty region, the efficiency of water consumption and yield can be considered as the future improvements in the mechanized mode of soybean production. Specifically, the carbon emissions of Amangel'dy Farm were significantly higher than those of Nenjiang Farm in the stage of soil preparation, while the emissions in the Nenjiang Farm were relatively higher in the sowing stage. The N<inf>2</inf>O emissions from managed soils in the Nenjiang Farm were much higher than those in the Amangel'dy Farm. The reason can be that more fertilizer was used in the Nenjiang Farm. In the water footprint of direct water consumption, the green water consumption in the Nenjiang Farm was significantly higher due to high precipitation, whereas, the blue water consumption was lower than that in the Amangel'dy Farm. In addition, diesel was the main source of indirect water consumption in two farms. Particularly in the actual practical situation, the water-saving irrigation technology and facilities or equipment were lacking in Kazakhstan, where lots of agricultural machinery were outdated unsuitable for soybean agronomy. The market of soybean seed in Kazakhstan lacked control, indicating incomplete conditions in the standardization of sowing, plant protection, and fertilization techniques. Therefore, the local government can effectively promote the water-saving irrigation technologies and equipment, to update the agricultural machinery, and thereby to establish operational norms for mechanized soybean production. This finding can provide a sound reference to evaluate the mechanized modes of crop production from multiple perspectives in different regions.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Carbon footprint
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Climate change - Crops - Cultivation - Diesel engines - Efficiency - Emission control - Fertilizers - Greenhouse gases - Irrigation - Land reclamation - Mechanization - Plants (botany) - Seed - Soils - Stages - Sustainable development - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Agricultural productions - Intergovernmental panel on climate changes - Production efficiency - Soil hydraulic properties - Sustainable production - Systematic evaluation - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.08e+00%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 5.18e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20211710247513
Title:Advanced model of canopy stomatal conductance considering vegetation types
Title of translation:考虑植被类型的冠层气孔导度模型
Authors:Zhang, Zhen (1, 2); Xin, Xiaozhou (1); Yi, Chuanxiang (3); Peng, Zhiqing (1, 2); Liu, Qinhuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Yancheng Meteorological Bureau, Yancheng; 224005, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Xiaozhou(xin_xzh@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:164-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Canopy stomatal conductance indicates the intensity of photosynthesis and respiration of a plant, particularly for the evapotranspiration, agricultural production and ecosystem function. The estimated accuracy of canopy stomatal conductance varies greatly among different vegetation types. However, the influence of vegetation types on canopy stomatal conductance has rarely been considered in most previous studies. This study aims to develop a canopy stomatal conductance model considering vegetation types, thereby to achieve higher accuracy than before. According to a widely-used model of canopy stomatal conductance proposed by Leuning in 2008, two improvements were focused mainly on: 1) Stomatal length and density were introduced into the new model to calculate the maximum stomatal conductance, which differed among vegetation types but usually been calculated via parameter optimizing by minimizing the cost function. 2) Satellite-derived photosynthetically active radiation data was used to calculate the flux density of visible radiation at the top of canopy, instead of the net absorbed radiation minus the soil heat flux in previous studies, where the flux can contain the absorption by non-vegetation component. Ground observations were used to validate the model via the inversion of Penman-Monteith equation, including eddy covariance and automatic meteorological data from 15 sites in the middle reaches of Heihe Basin (100°20'-100°24' E, 37°45'-42°40' N) in China. An attempt was made to partition the evapotranspiration into soil evaporation and plant transpiration, where only plant transpiration was selected to derive canopy stomatal conductance, ruling out the influence of soil evaporation. Evaluation indexes included the determination coefficient, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results were as follows: 1) The improved model achieved higher accuracy in the land cover of maize and bell pepper, where the ground observed data was used to validate the models before and after partitioning soil evaporation and plant transpiration by the inversion of Penman-Monteith equation. Specifically, the determination coefficient of maize improved from 0.49 to 0.68 after improvement, while the RMSE reduced from 3.99 to 2.67 mm/s, and the MAE reduced from 3.34 to 2.06 mm/s, after partitioning soil evaporation and plant transpiration. Before that, the determination coefficient of maize improved from 0.38 to 0.46 after improvement, with both RMSE and MAE reduced. 2) The new improved model was applied to the middle reaches of Heihe Basin from July to September 2012 using HJ-1 satellite data, including the leaf area index, photosynthetically active radiation, and land cover data. The model showed a good ability in estimating the canopy stomatal conductance of different vegetation types. The average value for the canopy conductance of maize on July 27 was 15.12 mm/s, while that of spruce was 3.84 mm/s. The determination coefficient improved from 0.51 to 0.70, and the RMSE reduced from 4.91 to 3.32 mm/s, comparing with the model before and after improvement. The commission error was calculated to evaluate whether the new model was sensitive to stomatal characteristics, indicating that there was an obvious difference, only when the vegetation was wrongly classified. It demonstrated that the remote sensing data can be used for the better accuracy of new model in various vegetation types. A better improvement was achieved in estimating canopy stomatal conductance using the new model considering vegetation types, compared with the traditional models without considering that. The finding can bring great convenience to scientific research, such as surface energy balance and carbon-water cycle, as well as the specific practical applications in precision agriculture, water resources management, and ecology.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Transpiration
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Cost functions - Ecology - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Function evaluation - Heat flux - Mean square error - Meteorology - Remote sensing - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Canopy stomatal conductance - Determination coefficients - Influence of vegetations - Penman-Monteith equations - Photosynthetically active radiation - Root mean square errors - Water resources management
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Velocity 1.51e-02m/s, Velocity 3.34e-03m/s to 2.06e-03m/s, Velocity 3.84e-03m/s, Velocity 3.99e-03m/s to 2.67e-03m/s, Velocity 4.91e-03m/s to 3.32e-03m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20211710247582
Title:Differentiated development strategy of rural settlements using the function identification of factor allocation
Title of translation:基于要素配置功能识别的差异化乡村发展策略
Authors:Wang, Kaige (1, 2); Li, Yingchao (1); Zhang, Fengrong (2); Xu, Yan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yingchao(ycli666@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:250-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A rural system is typically characterized by the coupling subsystems of factor, function, and decision in a coordinated and unified way. Function identification of rural elements can contribute to the scientific decision-making and efficient management of the rural communities. However, some factors have posed important driving forces on the unclear main functions and homogeneous development of rural areas. The classification of the rural regions is usually limited to the functional level, but rarely to the factor level in most previous studies. This study aims to clarify the fuzzy orientation of the main function, and then to propose guiding strategies according to local conditions, using the coupling relationship of "factor and function". 128 villages in Wannian County of Jiangxi Province, China were taken as the study area. A systematic analysis was made on the capital, labor, facilities, resources, and environment of the villages. A multifactor comprehensive method was selected to calculate the advantage index of rural factor allocation. A self-organizing competitive network and an unsupervised algorithm using competitive learning rules were utilized to divide the types of rural factors. An "element-function" linkage matrix was used to identify the types of rural function, and thereby define the differentiated strategies of rural settlements. The results showed as follows: 1) there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of dominant degree of the comprehensive allocation of rural factors in Wannian County. Specifically, the advantage index in the northeast county was higher than that in the southwest, while that in the north county was better than that in the south. Four categories were divided into the villages with the high, middle high, middle low, and low, advantage index. 2) In the self-organizing competitive network, eight types were also divided into the combination types of rural factors in Wannian County, such as environment and labor dominant type. The same type of villages showed the distribution characteristics of "overall scattered and local agglomeration". 3) In the "element-function" connection matrix, the types of rural function had identified the production-, life-, and ecological-oriented function villages, as well as the demolition and merger villages in Wannian County. In the villages of production-oriented function, the agglomeration strategy could be established to integrate three industries, while accelerating the industrial transformation and upgrading. In a life-oriented function, the integration strategy could be formulated with the construction of rural complex and the configuration of the health care industry. In the ecological-oriented function, the ecological economy strategy could be selected to build rural tourism and green economy for better communities. A scientific demolition and merger strategy could be utilized to protect the farmers for better agricultural production conditions. This finding can provide a new idea for rural function identification and scientific classification. The theoretical basis can also serve as the rural revitalization and targeted poverty alleviation.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Artificial life - Decision making - Demolition - Ecology - Merging
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Coupling relationships - Development strategies - Differentiated strategy - Distribution characteristics - Function identification - Industrial transformations - Unsupervised algorithms
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20211710247436
Title:Design and experiments of the reel board header device for an oil sunflower harvester
Title of translation:油葵收获机拨禾板式割台装置研制
Authors:Jin, Wei (1, 2); Ding, Youchun (1); Bai, Shenghe (3); Zhang, Xuejun (2, 4); Yan, Jinshan (2, 4); Zhou, Xincheng (2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Plant Machine System Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory, Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Youchun(kingbug163@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:27-36
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Oil sunflower has widely been served as the characteristic nutritional quality of the vegetable oil industry in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The planting area of oil sunflower is ever-increasing in recent years, particularly with the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure. Nevertheless, the low level of mechanized harvesting has posed a great challenge to the continuous expansion of planting areas in the rapid development of the oil sunflower industry. The current harvester of oil sunflower is using the wheat combine harvester with the modified cutting table in Xinjiang, where the threshing device and cutting table are not suitable for oil sunflower harvesting. The cutting table device in the machine cannot meet the harvesting requirements of high efficiency and low damage, according to the grain damage rate and loss rate of oil sunflower in the harvest. Structural parameters of oil sunflower rare also significantly different between the varieties and planting modes, such as the thickness and diameter of the faceplate, as well as the diameter and height of the stem. Therefore, it has become an urgent problem to realize mechanized harvesting with high efficiency, low damage, and low loss for the oil sunflower industry. In this study, a specific reel-board cutting table device in a combine harvester was proposed for the mechanized harvesting of oil sunflower, with emphasis on the low loss or damage of grains and reliable operation with high efficiency in harvesting. The structure and working principle of the cutting table devices were also introduced to the special use for the oil sunflower. A movement model of dialing teeth was established to analyze the dynamic characteristics and the movement track for the end point of dialing teeth in the cutting table device. An investigation was made to clarify the changing relationship among the rotational speed of the reel board, the forward speed of the machine, and the circumference of the reel board, in the simulation for the end movement track of the reel board. A MATLAB software was used to write the program and implement simulation, in order to obtain the motion trajectory curve of two adjacent dialing teeth. The performance test results show that the loss rate of oil sunflower was 2.04% in the cutting table disk, where the tilt angle of the guide plate was 25°, the speed of the screw conveyor was 150 r/min, and the distance between the reel board and the guide plate was 170mm. An orthogonal experiment and parameter optimization of field oil sunflower harvesting were utilized to explore the effect of the different combinations of operational parameters, such as the forward speed, the rotation speed of reel board, and the height of the stalk stub, on the loss rate and damage rate of oil sunflower seeds. A Design-Expert system was used to optimize the test data, thereby obtaining the optimal combination of parameters. The experimental optimization results show that the loss rate and damage rate of oil sunflower were 1.90% and 0.65%, respectively, where the forward speed of the oil sunflower harvester was 1.2 m/s, the rotation speed of the reel board was 240 r/min, and the height of the stalk stub was 570 mm. The findings can significantly improve the performance of a combine harvester, particularly on structural design and parameters optimization in a combine harvester for the oil sunflower.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Combines - Efficiency - Expert systems - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting - MATLAB - Motion analysis - Petroleum industry - Plates (structural components) - Reels - Speed - Structural design - Sunflower oil
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic characteristics - Experimental optimization - Operational parameters - Parameter optimization - Parameters optimization - Vegetable oil industry - Wheat combine harvesters - Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.90e+00%, Percentage 2.04e+00%, Percentage 6.50e-01%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.40e+02RPM, Size 1.70e-01m, Size 5.70e-01m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20211710247576
Title:Characteristics of cultivated land productivity change and potential during 2001-2017 in Sichuan Province, China
Title of translation:2001-2017年四川省耕地产能变化与潜力特征分析
Authors:Wu, Xinyi (1, 2); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2, 3); Han, Bo (1, 2); Xu, Weiyi (1, 2); Ren, Jie (1); Sun, Rui (1, 2); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Jiangsu Land Development and Consolidation Technology Engineering Center, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:238-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Productivity of cultivated land needs to be greatly improved for the ever-growing demand for food security in China. Monitoring the productivity of cultivated land can contribute to figuring out the background of food security for the decision-making on protection policies of targeted farmland. In this study, a Savitzky-Golay filter was selected to rebuild the smoothing Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) curve of crop growth using the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)-EVI data. The moving window method was utilized to eliminate the possible impact of climate factors on crop yield and extract the Multiple Crop Index (MCI) of cultivated land from the EVI growth curve by the quadratic difference method. The threshold method was used to calculate the optimal growth time (Most Active Day, MAD) and characterize the change of farmland productivity. Taking Sichuan Province of China from 2001 to 2017 as a research object, an attempt was made to analyze the spatial distribution and potential characteristics of cultivated land productivity. The results were obtained: 1) The Multiple Cropping Index (MCI) of 93.5% of cultivated land in Sichuan Province remained unchanged from 2001 to 2017. The areas with changed MCI were mainly concentrated in Chengdu city and all around, such as Meishan and Deyang. The cropping system in the MCI constant zone was dominated by a single-cropping system (accounting for 88.3% of the total arable land) and a double-cropping system (2.7% of that); 2) There was a great variation in the productivity of cultivated land in Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2017. The area that single-season crop productivity significantly reduced and increased accounted for 24.0% and 33.2% of the total cultivated land. The decreased areas were distributed mainly in the northeastern (Nanchong, Guangyuan) and southern (Neijiang, Zigong, Yibin) Sichuan. In the double-season crop, the areas with the changing productivity of the first and second crops were 62.1% and 49.4% of cultivated land, respectively, indicating a trend of first decreasing and then rising and fluctuating declining. 3) There was much potential growth for the double-season crops, but not for the single-season crops. The cultivated land, whose productivity improvement potential of single-season crops was less than 40%, accounted for 83.8% and 71.4% in the productivity upgrading and declining areas, respectively. Those in productivity improvement potential of greater than 40% for the first and second crops in a double-cropping system were 89.5% and 67.6%, in productivity decreased areas, respectively. Over 50% of the areas indicated productivity improvement potential greater than 80% in the cultivated land of declining productivity. The areas of high productivity improvement potential were located mainly in the Chengdu Plain and surroundings, which were dominated by the double cropping system. The proposed method can be expected to monitor the large-scale and long-term sequence of productivity change, thereby identifying the productivity improvement potential of farmland. The finding can provide a sound reference to optimize farmland productivity in the protection policy and planning.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Productivity
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Curve fitting - Decision making - Farms - Food supply - Land use - Radiometers
Uncontrolled terms:Enhanced vegetation index - High productivity - Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer - Moving window methods - Multiple cropping index - Productivity changes - Productivity improvements - Savitzky-Golay filter
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+00%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.94e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.21e+01%, Percentage 6.76e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.38e+01%, Percentage 8.83e+01%, Percentage 8.95e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20211710247634
Title:Friction performance of root-soil interface of Betula platyphylla in Northwestern Hebei Province, China
Title of translation:冀西北地区白桦根系-土壤界面摩擦性能
Authors:Zhao, Donghui (1); Ji, Xiaodong (1); Zhang, Xiao (1); Li, Xiao (1); Zhang, Haijiang (2); Xue, Zhiguo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Chongli District, Zhangjiakou; 076350, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Xiaodong(jixiaodong@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:124-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Deeply penetrating roots can greatly contribute to the shear strength of soil, particularly anchoring the soil mantle to the underlying bedrock. Mechanical properties of tree roots generally include the tensile strength of roots and the root-soil interface friction. Friction between the roots and the soil is essential to the reinforcement of the slope soil. White birch (Betula platyphylla) is the main species for the forestation in northwestern Hebei Province, China. Taking the white birch as the research object, this study tested 127 roots in the soil using the pullout method. A systematic investigation was made to explore the effects of root diameter (ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm), embedment length of roots (50, 100 and 150 mm), moisture content of soil (11.85%, 13.85%, 15.85% and 17.85%), altitude (ranging from 1 695 m to 1 898 m), growth direction of roots (along the downhill, horizontal and uphill direction) on the mechanical properties of single root and soil interface under the load velocity of 10 mm/min. The results showed that there were two failure modes in the experimental process: the pull-out and breakage of roots. The pullout force and root slippage curve of roots were divided into three stages: ascending, steep descending, and stable pull-out stage. Two types of breakage were observed: broken in soil, and broken on the connecting surface of root and soil. The root with a relatively small diameter broken, when the friction between root and soil exceeded the tensile strength of root, where the tensile force of root cannot reach the maximum force. The load dropped sharply after the root broken. The residual load was borne by the remaining root buried in the soil, where the second half of the curve was similar to that of pull-out failure. In the root broken at the root-soil contact interface, the first half was similar to that broken in the soil. The root broken, while the load instantly dropped to zero, when the pull-out force reached the ultimate bearing capacity of the root. The maximum pull-out force of root increased, with the increase in the diameter and embedment length of root. When the diameter of root was relatively smaller, the maximum pull-out force was not much different in the embedment lengths of 50, 100 and 150 mm. The difference was greater in the maximum pull-out force between the root and the soil at the different embedment lengths, as the diameter of root was larger. The increase was smaller in the friction at the root-soil interface, as the embedment length increased. With the increase of soil moisture content from 11.85% to 17.85%, the friction between the root and the soil presented a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The altitudes of the sample positions and the root growth directions also had influence on the root-soil interface friction. There was a power function between the maximum pull-out force and the diameter of root, where the determination coefficient were larger than 0.82. No relationship was found between the maximum displacement, corresponding to the maximum pull-out force and the root diameter. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) results showed that all influencing factors were positively correlated with the friction of root-soil interface. The diameter of root and altitude greatly contributed to the friction of root-soil interface. The other variables were ranked from large to small: the moisture content of soil, growth direction and depth of tree roots.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Shear strength
Controlled terms:Forestry - Friction - Moisture determination - Outages - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Tensile strength
Uncontrolled terms:Contact interface - Determination coefficients - Embedment length - Friction performance - Growth directions - Maximum displacement - Redundancy analysis (RDA) - Ultimate bearing capacity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.18e+01%, Percentage 1.18e+01% to 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-03m to 1.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 1.70e+03m to 1.90e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20211710248399
Title:Predicting molten salt temperature at the circuit outlet of Linear Fresnel heat collector using K-means combined with RBF neural network
Title of translation:K-means结合RBF神经网络预测线性菲涅尔集热回路出口熔盐温度
Authors:Zhang, Zhiyong (1, 2); Lu, Xiaojuan (3); Kong, Linggang (1); Fan, Duojin (1); Yao, Xiaoming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center for Photothermal Energy Storage Integrated Energy System, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Xiaojuan(luxj@mail.lzjtu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:213-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Multiple perturbations, nonlinear and large hysteresis often occurred in the temperature variation of molten salt at the outlet of linear Fresnel heat collection loop in a solar thermal power station. The stable temperature control of molten salt at the outlet can greatly contribute to the generating efficiency of a turbine set, while easily regulating the heat transfer system, as well as the reduction of cold and heat shock in the heat transfer and storage equipment. However, there was a low precision and complicated calculation, when the traditional mathematical model was used to predict the molten salt temperature. In this study, a high-accuracy temperature prediction model was established using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network with the K_means method. A heat transfer model of linear Fresnel heat collection loop was used to determine the main factors influencing the temperature at the outlet of molten salt in the heat collection loop. A means clustering algorithm was selected to analyze the input sample information, where the data center of each cluster was determined. The extension constant of the hidden layer basis function was determined via the cyclic adjustment in the training process using gradient descent. The network weight of the output in the basis function was obtained using the pseudo-inverse matrix technique. The small absolute average error and the minimum absolute error were obtained, when the number of hidden layer nodes was 30, after training the network with a large number of measured data. The 4-day measured data was selected to conduct the simulation test on the prediction performance of the network model. The maximum absolute error (MRERR) of the network prediction output was 121.23℃, and the maximum average absolute percentage error (MAPE) was 3.576 2E-4. The simulation results showed that the model could effectively predict the output temperature of molten salt at the outlet of the linear Fresnel heat collection loop. The prediction model was applied to the actual operation in the Dunhuang 50MW linear Fresnel photo thermal demonstration station. The findings can greatly guide the stable temperature control at the outlet of the heat collection loop in the station.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Radial basis function networks
Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Digital storage - Errors - Forecasting - Functions - Fused salts - Gradient methods - Heat transfer - Inverse problems - Predictive analytics - Solar power plants - Temperature control - Thermoelectric power plants - Timing circuits
Uncontrolled terms:Generating efficiencies - Heat transfer systems - Maximum absolute error - Means clustering algorithm - Multiple perturbations - Prediction performance - Radial basis function neural networks - Temperature prediction
Classification code:615.2 Solar Power - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 713.4 Pulse Circuits - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-02yr, Power 5.00e+07W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20211710247575
Title:Effects of cavitation jet on structure and emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate
Title of translation:空化射流对大豆分离蛋白结构及乳化特性的影响
Authors:Jiang, Lianzhou (1, 2); Yang, Zongrui (1); Ren, Shuanghe (1); Guo, Zengwang (1); Wang, Zhongjiang (1, 3); Yin, Jinfu (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Food Science College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Linyi Yuwang Vegetable Protein Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 251200, China; (3) Shandong Wandefu Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Dongying; 257500, China; (4) Weifang Diyichun Food Co., Ltd., Weifang; 262699, China
Corresponding author:Yin, Jinfu(wfdyc@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:302-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soy protein isolate has a reasonable protein composition ratio- It is not only cholesterol-free but also contains essential fatty acids, phospholipids, and rich minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. Cavitation jet is a new technology that can produce cavitation phenomenon. This technology can change the structure of pea globulin aggregates and enhance its emulsion stability. It can also significantly affect the tertiary structure of β-lactoglobulin and the structure and functional properties of soy 11S globulin. In order to explore the effect of cavitation jet treatment on the structure and emulsification characteristics of soy protein isolate, soy protein isolate solutions of different concentrations (2% and 5%) were treated with cavitation jets at different times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 min), and the untreated soy protein isolate solution was used as a control to explore the effect of cavitation jet treatment on the structure and emulsification properties of soy protein isolate in this study. The results showed that the cavitation jet treatment for an appropriate time could reduce the sulfur-containing amino acid content, the average particle size of the solution, and the 7S subunit and A subunit content of the soy protein isolate and caused the absolute value of the ζ-potential of the protein emulsion and the increase of the interface protein content. The high and elastic modulus tended to increase, thereby significantly enchancing the protein emulsification activity and emulsification stability. The emulsification activity and emulsification stability reached the maximum value of 71.01 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 168.75 min when the 2% concentration SPI was treated by the cavitation jet for 8 min, which were 248.94% and 95.58% higher than the minimum value. At the same time, the absolute value of the zeta potential reached the maximum value of -14.11 mV, the interface protein content reached the maximum value of 3.19 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, and the particle size was the smallest (590.5 nm). When the cavitation jet was treated with 5% concentration SPI for 10 min, the emulsification activity and emulsification stability reached the maximum, which were 52.91 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 126.97 min, respectively, 70.29% and 101.83% higher than the minimum. However, the absolute value of ζ-potential and the interface protein content had shown a downward trend. It showed that although the emulsification performance of soy protein isolate was still at a good level, it had already been processed. It could be seen that the cavitation jet treatment of two concentrations of soy protein isolate could depolymerize part of the subunits and reduce the content of sulfur-containing amino acids. At the same time, the cavitation effect expanded the protein molecules, exposed more hydrophobic amino acids, and improved its rheological properties. When the SPI concentration was 5%, all indicators were easier to reach the extreme value than when the SPI concentration is 2%. This showed that the cavitation jet physical field could adjust the emulsification activity of soy protein isolate by changing the structure and emulsion interface characteristics, which had important scientific significance for the development of new soy protein beverages, protein biogels, etc., and it was also a modification of soy protein isolate. And the application of cavitation jet physics in the food field provides the preliminary foundation.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:54
Main heading:Emulsification
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Cavitation - Fatty acids - Particle size - Phospholipids - Polyethylenes - Proteins - Stability - Structural properties - Sulfur - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Average particle size - Cavitation phenomenon - Emulsification characteristics - Emulsification properties - Emulsifying property - Essential fatty acids - Functional properties - Hydrophobic amino acids
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.49e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.03e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+01%, Size 5.91e-07m, Specific_Surface_Area 5.29e+04m2/kg, Specific_Surface_Area 7.10e+04m2/kg, Surface_Density 3.19e-06kg/m2, Time 1.01e+04s, Time 4.80e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 7.62e+03s, Voltage -1.41e-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20211710247618
Title:Optimization of ecological security pattern in Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin using OWA and circuit model
Title of translation:利用OWA和电路模型优化黄河流域甘肃段生态安全格局
Authors:Pan, Jinghu (1); Li, Lei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:259-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Ecological Security Pattern (ESP) is considered to be one of the important spatial approaches to alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development, thereby ensuring regional security and maintaining socially sustainable access to ecosystem services. Multiple ecosystem services have widely been coupled to explore the ESP in recent years. Generally speaking, most previous studies reported that there was no trade-off relationship between ecosystem services, where different ecological processes were independent of each other. In the process of ecological node identification, it is often ignored to identify the ecological obstacle points that hinder the movement or communication between organisms, or the ecological pinch points that are more likely or very frequent in the process of biological migration. The Yellow River Basin is the main birthplace of Chinese civilization, serving as an important ecological barrier in China. It is necessary to identify the patches and corridors on regional ecological security and optimize the ecological space, thereby improving the ecosystem service function for the high-quality development of the basin. In this study, five typical ecosystem services were selected: the food supply, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, water production, and soil conservation in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin in 2019. A multi-scenario Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) model was used to evaluate the priority protection areas of ecosystem service in the study area in 2019 as the ecological source areas. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct the basic resistance surface. The circuit theory model was selected to extract the ecological corridor and identify the ecological pinch points. The ESP was constructed for the Gansu section of the Yellow River basin with the ecological source as the core, the ecological protection priority areas with different gradients as the benchmark framework, and the ecological corridor pinch points as the axis. An optimal ecological space was achieved during the optimization. The results showed that there were 169 ecological source patches in the study area, with an area of 27 460.56 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 19.2% of the total study area. Five ecosystem services showed a collaborative relationship from an overall perspective. Three natural regions of Gannan Plateau, Longzhong Plateau, and Longdong Loess Plateau were significantly affected by topographic climate, vegetation cover, and human activities. There were some differences in ecosystem services in different regions. In the combination of rank weight, seven schemes were given for the ecosystem service protection, where the extracted priority reserve was the core and comprehensiveness of ecological sources, to achieve the goal of high efficiency and balanced allocation of ecosystem service protection. Considering the trade-off degree (0.935), the priority conservation areas under scenario 4 were selected as the ecological source of the study areas. The minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify the ecological corridor, whereas, the circuit model was introduced to identify the spatial scope of the ecological corridor. A total of 441 ecological corridors with a length of 6 774.9 km were identified in the study area. 49 ecological pinch points were identified by the current density of the ecological corridor. An optimal system was proposed for the space layout of ecological safety in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin with "four axes, six regions, and multiple centers", in order to form an ecological space structure with the functional, networked and regional layout. The findings can provide decision-making support for sustainable and ecosystem management in the upstream ecosystem of the Yellow River Basin.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Circuit simulation - Decision making - Economic and social effects - Food supply - Oxygen supply - Rivers - Soil conservation - Surface resistance - Timing circuits - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon sequestration - Collaborative relationships - Decision making support - Ecological protection - Ecosystem management - Ecosystem service functions - Ordered weighted averaging - Trade-off relationship
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 703.1.1 Electric Network Analysis - 713.4 Pulse Circuits - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.61e+08m2, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Size 7.75e+05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20211710247600
Title:Effects of ultrahigh pressure and ultrasound pretreatments on hot-air drying process and quality of garlic slices
Title of translation:超高压和超声波预处理对蒜片热风干燥过程及品质的影响
Authors:Hao, Qidong (1); Qiao, Xuguang (1); Zheng, Zhenjia (1); Lu, Xiaoming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Qiao, Xuguang(xgqiao@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:278-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a biennial plant in the Liliaceae family. It is widely used as a condiment in cooking and daily life in the world, as well as Chinese herbal medicine. The garlic is rich in biologically active components, including allicin, polysaccharides, amino acids, and volatile oils, thereby mainly relieving fatigue and improve human immunity. Since the garlic has high water content in general, the quality is prone to deterioration during storage. Therefore, the dried garlic can inhibit the reproduction of spoilage microorganisms and chemical degradation, and further retain the original flavor of garlic, thereby extending the shelf life. At present, a commonly used technology of hot-air drying is characterized by the simple operation and large loading capacity, but the low drying efficiency and the long drying time has resulted in low quality of products after drying. In this study, a feasible pretreatment combined with the ultrahigh pressure (UHP) and ultrasound (US) was proposed to improve the drying process and quality of dried garlic slices. A low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was selected to analyze the influence of pretreatments on the internal moisture migration during the drying process of garlic slices. The results found that the US or UHP during the hot air drying was beneficial to enhance the internal mass transfer of garlic slices, and thereby speed up the drying process. The US, UHP, and UHPs-US pretreatments resulted in a reduction in the drying time of garlic slices by 37.50%, 43.75%, and 62.50%, respectively, compared to the control. Six mathematical models were selected to fit the drying process of garlic slices. All three pretreatments reduced the energy consumption of drying, especially in the UHP-US, 32.31% lower than that with the untreated. The LF-NMR results showed that there were still three states of water in the garlic slices after pretreatments. Free water accounted for the largest proportion, followed by the non-flowing water, and the bound water was the least. In the drying characteristics, the free water was removed first in the drying process. All the US, UHP, and UHP-US reduced the removal time of free water. The UHP-US pretreatment took the shortest time (90 min) to remove the free water, indicating that the UHP-US was more conducive to weakening the binding of tissue structure to water for the better fluidity of water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the intercellular space of dehydrated garlic slices increased, and the cell wall was severely damaged after the UHP. The porous structure appeared in the dried garlic slices after the US and UHP-US pretreatments, where the cell wall contour became clear. The larger pore size indicated that the UHP-US was more contribute to improving the fluidity of water. The color difference of dried garlic slices was reduced after the three pretreatments, and the rehydration ratio and allicin content were significantly increased (P< 0.05). Furthermore, the combined UHP-US pretreatment achieved the best quality of the dried garlic slices, with the color difference value of 16.11, while the allicin content of 2.67 mg/g, and the rehydration ratio of 2.90 g/g. The experimental findings can provide a theoretical reference for the potential technology of garlic drying with high efficiency, energy-saving, and high quality of dried garlic slices.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Biodegradation - Cell proliferation - Color - Colorimetry - Deterioration - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Fluidity - Mass transfer - Medicine - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Oils and fats - Plants (botany) - Pore size - Scanning electron microscopy - Solar dryers - Ultrasonics
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese herbal medicines - Color difference values - Drying characteristics - Internal mass transfer - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - Potential technologies - Scanning electron microscopy image - Spoilage microorganisms
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 741.1 Light/Optics - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 3.75e+01%, Percentage 4.38e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+01%, Time 5.40e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20211710247574
Title:Effects of pyruvate group on the gel properties of xanthan gum/konjac glucomannan complex system
Title of translation:丙酮酸基对黄原胶/魔芋葡甘聚糖复配体系凝胶特性的影响
Authors:Fu, Yuying (1); Su, Huanhuan (1); Chen, Guowen (2); Li, Xiaomeng (1); Zhan, Chao (1); Li, Zhenpeng (1); Li, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Hangzhou College of Commerce, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:287-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Compound gels are mainly formed by mixing two or more natural polymer materials (such as polysaccharides, proteins, and starches). There are better rheological properties, various scopes of use, and cost-saving, compared with a single gel. The irreversible gels can enrich the types and taste of food, currently showing great potential in the application of food production. The current research on compound gels focused mainly on thermo-irreversible gels. However, there is also a type of thermo-reversible gel with a relatively weak gel strength in food. Adjusting the sol-gel transition temperature of the compound system can be used to control the flow state of compound gels and realize the "import" of the food. The design of the "instant" feature can further expand the application of gels in food. The Xanthan Gum (XG) and Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) are commonly-used additives in food. The XG is an extracellular polysaccharide formed by β-1, 4glycosidic bonds connected to D-glucose, where the mannose inside the trisaccharide side chain can be acetylated, and the mannose at the end can be acetonated. The KGM is made up of the D-mannose and D-glucose connected by β-1, 4glycosidic bonds. There are no calories in the high molecular polysaccharide extracted from the tubers of konjac plant, which is hard to be absorbed. It is usually used in meat additives and dietary fiber products to prevent obesity in humans. Neither XG nor KGM can form a gel when they exist alone, but the combined has a good synergistic effect to form a thermoreversible gel. In this study, an acid heat treatment was used to adjust the content of pyruvate groups in XG, aiming to explore the influence of pyruvate content on the rheological properties of XG. The content change of pyruvate group was further utilized to explore the sol-gel transition temperature and the impact of rheology characteristics in the XG/KGM thermoreversible gel. The research results showed that the helical structure of XG gradually tightened with the decrease of the pyruvate group content, and the fluidity increased. The storage modulus of XG showed an overall downward trend, but the XG change temperature sharply increased with the decreasing content of pyruvate group. The orderly temperature and disordered conformational transition increased as well. In the rheological properties of XG/KGM compound gel, the viscosity coefficient and the quasi-solidity decreased, tending to be Newtonian fluids, as the content of pyruvic acid group decreased. At the same angular frequency, the storage modulus and loss modulus in the XG/KGM composite gel showed a decreasing trend with the continuous removal of pyruvate groups, but the storage modulus was always greater than loss modulus, where the tanδ was both less than 1, indicating the solid characteristics. The temperature scan showed that as the temperature decreased, the storage modulus of the compound system gradually increased and reached the maximum at 20℃. However, the increasing initial temperature of storage modulus decreased from 60℃ to 41℃ with the decrease in the pyruvate group content. There was a downward overall trend, indicating that the stability of the complex system that formed with KGM significantly reduced after the removal of the XG pyruvate group, while the sol-gel temperature decreased. The finding can be expected to develop the texture of the melt-in-the-mouth gels in promising food production.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Xanthan gum
Controlled terms:Additives - Elastic moduli - Food storage - Glucose - Heat treatment - Newtonian liquids - Rheology - Sol-gel process - Sol-gels - Temperature - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Angular frequencies - Conformational transitions - Extracellular polysaccharides - Initial temperatures - Rheological property - Rheology characteristics - Thermoreversible gels - Viscosity coefficient
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.4 Storage - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 812.3 Glass - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20211710247598
Title:Variation characteristics of flow length of grass slope under different grass strip positions
Title of translation:不同覆盖位置下草地坡面水流路径长度变化特征
Authors:Yan, Shuaiqi (1); Zhu, Bingbing (1); Bian, He (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an; 710119, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Bingbing(zbb1026@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:116-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Vegetation cover and its pattern generally determine the hydrodynamics process and mechanisms in the runoff and sediment reduction. In this study, an indoor scouring experiment was carried out to investigate the variation characteristics of flow length under different vegetation coverage and patterns. A relationship was established for the flow length with the hydrodynamic parameters, yields of runoff and sediment in different vegetation patterns and coverage under different flow rates. Furthermore, the flow length of the slope was proposed to serve as an indicator for measuring the effects of vegetation patterns on soil erosion. The results showed that: 1) The vegetation coverage significantly affected the hydrodynamic parameters. There were different trends of hydrodynamic parameters with the increase of vegetation coverage. The velocity and unit stream power presented a linear trend of increase relationship (P< 0.01). There was an exponentially increasing trend in the roughness coefficient, resistance coefficient, and runoff shear stress. The increase of flow resistance and the decrease of kinetic energy can cause a gradual reduction in the amount of runoff yield and sediment production, where the greater the discharge was, the greater the reduction was. The vegetation reduced runoff yield and sediment production by changing the hydrodynamic parameters of water flow. 2) The flow length, one of the important indexes of hydrological connectivity, was widely used in water and soil conservation. There were significant correlations between the flow length and vegetation coverage, hydrodynamic parameters, as well as runoff and sediment production. Hydrodynamic parameters, runoff and sediment production varied with the flow length. The velocity and unit stream power increased logarithmically, leading to the increase in the kinetic energy of slope flow. The roughness coefficient and the resistance coefficient presented a logarithmical decrease, indicating the decrease in the retardation capacity of the slope surface. But the runoff shear stress decreased exponentially, leading to the increase in the unit stream power of runoff. Obviously, the ability of slope block was declined, whereas, the erosion capacity of water flow was enhanced. This case finally led to the change of erosion status of the slope. There was also a logarithmic increase in the runoff and sediment yield of the slope. Thus, the flow length with the aid of the flow path change can be used to indicate the hydrodynamic parameters of slope surface water flow and sediment yield in the change. Particularly the flow length can be expected to serve as an indicator for the dynamic process of vegetation runoff and sediment reduction, and thereby predict the runoff and sediment yield on the slope. This finding can provide a scientific basis for the relationship between vegetation pattern and hydrological connectivity, and further establish vegetation patterns and evaluate vegetation impacts on erosion. The simulation experiments can contribute to the effective distribution and utilization of water resources for the regional ecological environment in modern agriculture.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Buoyancy - Erosion - Flow of water - Hydraulics - Hydrodynamics - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Rivers - Sediments - Shear stress - Soil conservation - Surface roughness - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Effective distribution - Hydrodynamic parameters - Hydrological connectivity - Resistance coefficients - Runoff and sediment yields - Variation characteristics - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20211710247497
Title:Ecological water requirement of natural grassland vegetation in the Otog Banner of Inner Monglia
Title of translation:内蒙古鄂托克旗天然草地植被生态需水量研究
Authors:Song, Xiaoyu (1); Liu, Yu (1); Qin, Lin (1); Liu, Xiaodi (1); Wang, Long (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:107-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Natural grasslands have become essential to the development of pastoral areas, due mainly to the area of natural grassland accounts for more than 90% of the available grasslands in China. Furthermore, pastoral areas have great potential for ecological barriers and national food security. However, the grassland resources are rapidly decreasing in a seriously damaged ecosystem, particularly with the climate of global warming and regional drying. Vegetation restoration can be an important measure for ecosystem restoration on the natural grasslands. Therefore, water is the dominant factor to control the growth of vegetation in the regional drying grasslands. The Ecological Water Requirement (EWR) of natural grassland can be defined as the amount of water required to maintain normal growth of vegetation in the special ecosystems. It is necessary to coordinate the water use relationship between economic development and ecological environment in pastoral areas, thereby achieving the rational allocation of water resources. In this study, a Penman-Monteith formula was utilized to calculate the evapotranspiration of reference crops in the Otog Banner of northern China from 1960 to 2016. A Mann-Kendall test was conducted to evaluate changing trend of evapotranspiration with time. A remote sensing inversion of soil moisture content was also used to calculate the limiting coefficient of soil moisture. An investigation was made to count the coverage rate of vegetation in the natural grassland and the growth period of dominant plants in different grassland types. A piecewise single average crop coefficient method (FAO-56) was used to calculate the crop coefficient in the grasslands. The reference evapotranspiration contributed to obtaining the limiting coefficient of soil water, the crop coefficient, the requirement and shortage of ecological water for various grassland types in different regions. A tradeoff was gained to clarifythe relationship between ecological water demand and rainfall resources for the different types of natural grassland. The results are as follows: 1) The grassland ecosystem in the OtogBanner was in a state of water deficit as a whole, especially in the representative area of Huinong station, where the water deficit was more than 50% in a dry year. 2) The annual EWR of the whole banner was 2.94×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in wet years, 3.07×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in normal water years, and 3.10×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in dry years. The annual ecological water shortage was 2.72×10<sup>8</sup>m<sup>3</sup> in wet years, 5.00×10<sup>8</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in normal years, and 1.15×10<sup>9</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in dry years. The EWRs of grasslands were ranked from large to small: the temperate desert steppe, temperate steppe desert, lowland meadow, temperate desert, and temperate steppe. 3) There was an unbalanced state of EWR for all kinds of grassland vegetation in the Otog Banner. Specifically, the serious water shortage occurred in May, followed by August, April, July, and September, whereas, there was a surplus state of EWR in March, June, and October, where the largest surplus EWR occurred in June. A suggestion was made to store the rainwater in surplus months, thereby solving the spatiotemporal unbalance of rainwater resources in different seasons. These recommendations can greatly contribute to maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of grassland ecology.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Crops - Ecosystems - Evapotranspiration - Food supply - Global warming - Landforms - Remote sensing - Restoration - Soil moisture - Sustainable development - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Ecological water demand - Ecological water requirements - Ecosystem restoration - Penman-Monteith formula - Reference evapotranspiration - Temperate desert steppes - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20211710247627
Title:Speed regulation control of the dual-flow transmission system for a tractorusing slip rate-resistance interval division
Title of translation:采用滑转率-阻力区间划分法的拖拉机双流传动系统调速控制
Authors:Xia, Guang (1, 3); Xia, Yan (1, 3); Tang, Xiwen (2); Gao, Jun (1, 3); Wang, Shaojie (1); Sun, Baoqun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Automotive Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (2) College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (3) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:47-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Operation resistance of a tractor fluctuates frequently when working in the farmland, due to the complex field environment and terrain differences. As such, the resulting change of speed cannot guarantee the operation efficiency of the tractor. Taking a newly developed Hydraulic Mechanical Continuously Variable Transmission (HMCVT) as the research object, this study introduced the principle of transmission, mechanical structure and transmission efficiency in a Hydraulic Mechanical Transmission (HMT) transmission mode. The slip rate was divided into different intervals according to the traction efficiency curve of the tractor. In different intervals of slip rate, the first priority was to ensure the highest production efficiency and the traffic ability of a tractor. Specifically, if the slip rate of driving wheel was within the allowable range of slip rate, the first priority was to ensure the production efficiency of the tractor, where the strategy of variable speed control was implemented; if the slip rate of driving wheel exceeded the maximum allowable slip rate, the first priority was to ensure the traffic ability of a tractor, where the control strategy of slip rate was implemented, in order to avoid the serious consequences, particularly that the vehicle cannot move due to excessive slip of driving wheel. In speed control, the internal division of operation resistance was used to determine the transmission mode of HMCVT system suitable for the current resistance state. Taking the maximum production efficiency of tractor as the goal, the law of speed change was optimized to determine the adjustment surface of displacement ratio for the HMCVT system in HMT and hydrostatic transmission (HST) mode. A feedforward compensation was designed using the sliding mode control algorithm, in order to deal with the constant change of pump displacement. The reason was that the fluctuation of oil pressure caused the variation in the inclination angle of variable pump in the reverse direction. The working oil pressure inevitably fluctuated in the pump-controlled motor system, particularly when the working load of tractor fluctuated. According to the fluctuation of the working oil pressure, the feedforward controller generated a corresponding compensation signal, which was superimposed with the sliding mode control signal, and then output to the actuator, in order to reduce the influence of fluctuating oil pressure on the actuation accuracy of the servo mechanism. Simulink simulation results show that the proposed algorithm accurately followed the desired signal to change, indicating better tracking stability than the traditional PID control. A HMCVT drive system was constructed, where the strategy model of speed control was established. The simulation results show that the speed control strategy can constrain the slip rate of driving wheel within the allowable range of slip rate, as the conditions of load or road changed. The speed and acceleration of the tractor increased to 5.3 km/h and 0.15 m/s<sup>2</sup>, respectively, compared with the conventional change of dynamic speed. When the speed was lower than the lower limit of high-efficiency speed range, the speed of tractor increased greater than that in the traditional dynamic speed change, indicating a high production efficiency of tractor. The findings can offer great significance to improve the performance of tractors suitable in the complex and ever-changing operating environments for the higher agricultural productivity and efficiency.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Tractors (agricultural)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Dynamics - Efficiency - Hydrostatic pressure - Productivity - Pumps - Sliding mode control - Speed - Speed control - Speed regulators - Three term control systems - Tractors (truck) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productivity - Continuously variable transmission - Feed-forward compensation - Feed-forward controllers - Hydrostatic transmission - Pump controlled motor system - Transmission efficiency - Variable speed control
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 1.50e-01m/s2, Velocity 1.47e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20211710247526
Title:Development of landscape seed tape mixed weaving machine for rape and wheat
Title of translation:油麦混编景观种子带编织机研制
Authors:Huang, Xiaomao (1, 2); Lan, Chaowei (1); Ma, Lina (1, 2); Zhu, Heng (1); Zhao, Zi'ang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:9-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Landscape patterns have been integrated into the crop planting process, thereby developing the potential ornamental value of field crops, such as rape and wheat. A seed tape-weaving machine can be used to knit the seeds of crops into a specific paper tape for mechanized or ornamental planting. In this machine, the seeds are sucked into the paper tape at a constant speed via a vacuum pump, where the paper tape is bound together with biodegradable cotton thread. In this study, an improved weaving machine of seed tape was designed to mix the rape-wheat seeds for a landscape. The pattern automatically realized the regular arrangement of rape and wheat seeds in the seed tape. The key components were also designed for the typical weaving process of mixed seeds, including the air-suction seed-metering device and seed guiding tubes. Taking the commercialized rape seeds of Zhongshuang No.9 and wheat seeds of Zhengmai No.9023 as the test objects, four types of experiments were conducted: The seed metering performance test, the paper feeding accuracy test, the pattern weaving performance test, and the field test. The structural and operating parameters were also optimized for the better weaving effect in the improved weaving machine of seed tape. In the seed metering performance, the results showed that the main influencing factors were the negative air pressure, followed by the diameter of suction holes, and the motor speed in the air-suction type seed metering device. In rape seeds, the air-suction type seed metering device worked on the condition with the negative air pressure of 2 500 Pa, the suction hole with a diameter of 1.2 mm, and the motor speed of 3 r/min. In wheat seeds, the better seeding performance was achieved, where the airflow negative pressure of 2 500 Pa, the suction hole with the length of 3.9 mm×1.9 mm, and the motor speed of 3 r/min. Specifically, the seeding qualification rate was 94.1% and 92.2%, the multiple rates were 1.8% and 3.1%, and the miss seeding rates were 4.1% and 4.7%, for the rape and wheat seeds, respectively, indicating that both seed metering devices achieved the best seeding performance. The weaving performance test showed that: 1) There were good uniformity and even quality of paper feeding, where the variation coefficient of plant spacing was less than 6%; 2) When the total number of weaving points gradually increased in the range of 100 to 900, the variation coefficient of relative position in the pattern decreased first, then stabilized, and finally stabilized at about 17%; 3) The variation coefficient of weaving area first decreased and then stabilized, and finally stabilized at about 8%; 4) The accuracy of pattern weaving gradually increased, and then stabilized. The field test was performed on a 30×30 size pattern of five points star in a square. The results showed that the variation coefficient of relative position in the pattern was 18.26%, and the variation coefficient of weaving area was 10.87%. A better visual effect was achieved in the formed pattern. The improved weaving machine can be expected to improve the work efficiency, while reducing labor intensity and error probability, for the mechanized planting of field crops in landscape patterns. The findings can provide a new idea and solution for the modeling and implementation of landscape patterns with field crops, like rape and wheat, further to promote the development of rural tourism in China.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Crops - Plants (botany) - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Printing machinery - Testing - Weaving
Uncontrolled terms:Error probabilities - Landscape pattern - Negative pressures - Operating parameters - Relative positions - Seed metering devices - Seeding performance - Variation coefficient
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 745.1.1 Printing Equipment - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 3.00e+00RPM, Size 1.20e-03m, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00%, Percentage 4.10e+00%, Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 9.22e+01%, Percentage 9.41e+01%, Pressure 2.50e+03Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20211710247468
Title:Construction and application of the evaluation index system for high quality development of regional agricultural mechanization
Title of translation:区域农机化高质量发展评价指标体系构建与应用
Authors:Zhang, Zhaotong (1); Chen, Yao (1); Wei, Yu (1); Zheng, Qiongting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:64-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Agricultural mechanization urgently needs to be upgraded after the rapid high-quality development in recent years in China. A high-quality development of agricultural mechanization has become the key parts of modern agriculture. An evaluation index system can be beneficial to the identification of the current situation, and thereby to guide the high-quality development of agricultural mechanization. In this study, an index system was constructed to evaluate the high-quality development of regional agricultural mechanization in China, including five secondary index: the innovation-driven, coordination and optimization, quality and efficiency, green and sustainability, as well as the benefit and contribution, and 26 tertiary index. Taking the typical counties of southern, central and northern Jiangsu as research areas, both subjective and objective empowerment methods were adopted for the weight determination, further to calculate the secondary index and comprehensive index in the evaluation index system. The results demonstrate that there was an overall unbalanced trend in the regional development of agricultural mechanization in the three counties. This index system was expected to evaluate the high-quality development of regional agricultural mechanization. The evaluation data can serve as the sound reference for the policy-making on the high-quality development of regional agricultural mechanization. Therefore, the high-quality development can be set as the guidance for the agricultural mechanization in all regions, where the problem-orientation can be used to enhance the specific areas of agricultural mechanization, providing the important support for the rural revitalization.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Machinery - Mechanization - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Comprehensive indices - Current situation - Evaluation index system - Modern agricultures - Problem orientation - Regional development - Weight determination
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20211710247488
Title:Construction and operation experiment of Penaeus monodon recycling aquaculture system
Title of translation:斑节对虾循环水养殖系统构建与运行试验
Authors:Yang, Jing (1); Guan, Chongwu (1); Song, Hongqiao (1); Zang, Yulei (1); Ni, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:198-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Penaeus monodon was one of the three main cultured prawns in the world, which had the characteristics of fast growth, large individual, strong disease resistance, a wide range of temperature and salt, delicious meat, and high market price. Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, and other places were the main areas for rearing and breeding of Penaeus monodon in China, and the traditional extensive production method was its main production method. As the model's shortcomings continue to emerge, this water and soil resource-dependent and ecologically destructive production method had become one of the major problems that restricted the sustainable development of Penaeus monodon. Circulating the aquaculture system was the current development direction of advanced aquaculture productivity, but so far there were still few reports on pond aquaculture and related research. In order to explore the feasibility and application development value of Penaeus monodon recirculating aquaculture, two sets of recirculating aquaculture systems composed of a pond, a protein separation unit, an inner circulating fluidized bed, and a circulating pump were designed and constructed in Rudong Base of Institute of Fishery Machinery and Instrument, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences in 2019, and the aquaculture experiments were carried out. The whole process of aeration aerator in the pond was started, and the whole process of water truck aerator in the later stage was running. The water circulation treatment system operated in the middle and late stages of aquaculture, and the circulation capacity was 26.50 m<sup>3</sup>/h (middle stage) and 33.00 m<sup>3</sup>/h (late stage). The amount of sewage discharged was 4%-10% (middle stage) and 10%-12% (later stage) of the aquaculture water body. In this paper, the key equipment was designed in detail and the circulating capacity was calculated, and the water quality condition, the growth of Penaeus monodon culture, the water purification function of protein separation combined device, internal circulating fluidized bed, and other equipment under the corresponding control mode in different culture stages were studied. Finally, the economy of culture operation was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the system operated smoothly for 120 days. During the culturing period, dissolved oxygen concentration was 5.30-7.14 mg/L, the pH value was 7.23-8.44, ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.43-1.38 mg/L (after stable operation), nitrite nitrogen concentration was 0.15-0.56 mg/L(after stable operation). The results indicated that the removal load of suspended solids was (43.19±7.25) g/m<sup>3</sup>•h, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was (9.95±1.90)%, the dissolved oxygen was (9.45±0.87)%, the removal load of ammonia nitrogen was (122.34±22.56)g/m<sup>3</sup>•d, and the nitrification ability was better in the later stage than in the middle stage. The Penaeus monodon grew normally in the aquatic ecological environment of recirculating aquaculture mode and went through a rapid growth period, a stable growth period, and a slow growth period successively. The final culture density was 3.02 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and the high-efficiency culture result was achieved. The final feed coefficient was 1.67, and the income per square meter of a single crop was 211.40 yuan according to the sales price of 70 yuan/kg. After deducting the cost, the profit per square meter per stubble was 34.78 yuan, the annual profit per square meter was 69.56 yuan based on two crops per year, which had achieved good economic benefits. The results show that the Penaeus monodon circulating aquaculture system offers a water quality control method for its growth characteristics and water environment requirements at different stages, realizes scientific feeding, and provides technical support for the application of the Penaeus monodon circulating aquaculture model.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Water aeration
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biochemical oxygen demand - Crops - Dissolved oxygen - Fish ponds - Fisheries - Fluidized bed process - Fluidized beds - Lakes - Machinery - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Profitability - Proteins - Quality control - Sewage - Sustainable development - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Application development - Circulating fluidized bed - Development directions - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Ecological environments - Growth characteristic - Recirculating aquaculture system - Water purification functions
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 452.1 Sewage - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.29e-01yr, Mass_Density 4.30e-04kg/m3 to 1.38e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.30e-03kg/m3 to 7.14e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.20e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00% to 1.00e+01%, Surface_Density 3.02e+00kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20211710247500
Title:Motion posture parsing of Chiloscyllium plagiosum fish body based on semantic part segmentation
Title of translation:基于语义部位分割的条纹斑竹鲨鱼体运动姿态解析
Authors:Liu, Bin (1); Wang, Kaige (1); Li, Xiaomeng (1); Hu, Chunhai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hebei Key Laboratory for Test and Measurement Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:179-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The Chiloscyllium plagiosum has high economic and medical value. However, the real artificial breeding conditions cannot meet the high requirements for the breeding environment of marine fish, such as water quality and temperature, often leading to large-scale illness even death. Since video imaging has been widely used to quantitatively analyze the movement behavior of farmed fish, the technique can contribute to identifying abnormal behavior for the early warning, and thereby effectively improving the level of breeding and conservation. In this study, an imaging algorithm was proposed for the semantic part segmentation of Chiloscyllium plagiosum using encoder-decoder architecture, thereby analyzing the body movement and posture of the Chiloscyllium plagiosum. Three steps were as follows: 1) The images of Chiloscyllium plagiosum were divided into 7 visible body components, according to the morphological characteristics, including the head, left pectoral fin, right pectoral fin, left ventral fin, right ventral fin, trunk, and tail. Then, the sub-images of Chiloscyllium plagiosum were extracted from the video images in the panoramic breeding surveillance under a breeding circumstance, where a total of 476 candidate patterns were obtained, while all the images in the dataset were manually marked. After that, data augmentation was used to increase the number of images, and thus a total of 1 944 images were obtained, of which 1 166 images were selected as training images, and 778 images were selected as test images. 2) The pre-processed training dataset was fed into the network model of semantic segmentation by fine-tuning network parameters, where a deep learning framework was used to optimize the network training for the best. Then, the test dataset was put into the trained model for the segmentation. 3) Post-processing was performed to fill the holes within objects or remove small objects, where a disk structure of mathematical morphology was used to calculate the areas of connected regions. Simple and effective post-processing was utilized to obtain the optimal segmentation of fish body images under complex backgrounds or interference environments. Then, the semantic part segmentations in different colors were used to locate the centroid of the fish head and trunk for the body coordinates. The posture of the target was analyzed to calculate in a single frame image, and thereby identify the movement changes of the fish body in the frame sequence. The main steps of this work included: 1) To draw the body coordinates; 2) to analyze and calculate the direction of the fish body; 3) to identify the direction of movement. Compared with the Segnet and FCN-8s network architecture for semantic part segmentation, the test dataset showed that the segmentation using the Segnet network improved the accuracy of FCN-18s network by 1.5, 4.7, 6.95, 6.56, 6.01, 0.85, and 0.84 percentage points, respectively. Semantic part segmentation can be used to effectively distinguish the action posture of Chiloscyllium plagiosum body. The finding can lay a foundation for the recognition of abnormal fish behavior and further development of animal behavior experiments for the Chiloscyllium plagiosum.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Deep learning - Fins (heat exchange) - Fish - Mathematical morphology - Network architecture - Security systems - Semantics - Statistical tests - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial breedings - Breeding environments - Encoder-decoder architecture - Interference environments - Learning frameworks - Morphological characteristic - Optimal segmentation - Semantic segmentation
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20211710248389
Title:Discriminating copper and lead contamination in crops using leaves spectra
Title of translation:利用叶片光谱的作物铜铅污染判别
Authors:Gao, Wei (1); Yang, Keming (1); Chen, Gaiying (2); Zhao, Hengqian (1); Zhang, Chao (1); Yao, Shuyi (1); Wang, Jian (1); Shi, Xiaoyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Keming(ykm69@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:173-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Discrimination on the type of heavy metal contamination can contribute to the detection of diseases that caused by heavy metals, thereby to protect human health. This study aims to propose a Copper and Lead Contamination Discriminating Features (CLCDF) that constructed from leaf spectra to discriminate between copper and lead contamination in crops. Firstly, a typical agricultural corn was taken as an experiment object, and then to cultivate in soils that were contaminated with copper or lead. The soil-based contamination levels were set: 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg. Secondly, an ASD FieldSpec 4 spectrometer was used to measure the spectral reflectance data of plant leaves. The continuum removal (CR) and derivative (D) were selected for spectral preprocessing (in this study, D processing with derivation window radius of 1, 2 and 3 nm was performed respectively), and obtained CRD1, CRD2 and CRD3 spectra. The Normalized Difference Copper and Lead Contamination index (NDCLCI) was finally extracted using CRD1, CRD2 and CRD3 spectra, respectively. There was a high correlation between the NDCLCI and the types of heavy metal contamination from the leaves. The CLCDF of leaves was also constructed using NDCLCI. There were significant differences in the location of CLCDF when the types of heavy metal contamination were different. A Discriminating Plane (DP) was established in the domain of CLCDF distribution area for partitioning the domain of copper and lead contaminated. According to the relationship between the position of CLCDF and DP, the rules were obtained for the visual discrimination of copper and lead contamination types. The Discriminating Distance (DD) was used to quantify the discriminating. Using the training set data, a total of 189 DPs were obtained with the discriminating correct rate of 100%. The visual discriminating rules were: the left DP was the copper contamination domain, where the domain of CLCDF corresponding to the blade contaminated with copper, while, the right DP was the lead contamination domain, where the domain of CLCDF corresponding to the blade contaminated with lead. The quantified discriminating rules were: when DD< 0, the leaves corresponding to CLCDF were contaminated with copper, and when DD> 0, the leaves corresponding to CLCDF were contaminated with lead. Using the validation set data to verify the effectiveness of the discriminating methods, 88 out of 189 DPs were obtained with the discriminating correct rate of 78.22%. The results showed that the CLCDF was valid and reliable to discriminate the copper and lead contamination. A discriminating error can be due to the insignificant changes in the leaf spectra, resulting from the different heavy metal contamination and small fluctuations in leaf CLCDF. The CLCDF has great potential and feasibility for other types of heavy metals contamination in crops. The complex discrimination of contamination types was turned into a simple threshold discriminating by quantifying the detection rule. This shift has made it more feasible to discriminate the contamination types of heavy metal at the canopy and pixel scales using the CLCDF combined with satellite or unmanned aerial imagery.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Aerial photography - Agricultural robots - Antennas - Contamination - Copper - Crops - Dynamic positioning - Heavy metals - Plants (botany) - Pollution detection - Satellite imagery
Uncontrolled terms:Contamination levels - Copper contamination - Heavy metal contamination - Lead contamination - Normalized differences - Spectral preprocessing - Spectral reflectances - Visual discrimination
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 544.1 Copper - 655.2 Satellites - 742.1 Photography - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 7.82e+01%, Size 2.00e-09m, Size 3.00e-09m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20211710248407
Title:Simulations and validations of the soybean yields per unit area using DSSAT crop model in the major soybean producing areas of China and America
Title of translation:基于DSSAT作物模型的中美大豆主产区单产模拟与验证
Authors:Xu, Chunmeng (1); Tian, Zhiyuan (2); Chen, Wei (3, 4); Liu, Jiajia (3, 4); Bai, Jie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Jiage Tiandi Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing; 100190, China; (2) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China; (3) Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Zhiyuan(tianzhiyuan@foxmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:132-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Crop models have been widely studied for simulating crop growth and yield production at the field scale. However to upscale simulate crop yield from the field scale to regional scale is a key component for monitoring crop growth over large areas, especially in global main agricultural regions. In this study, a DSSAT-SOYGRO model coupled with remote sensing data was utilized to simulate soybean yield in Jilin Province, China and Iowa State, the U.S., using the meteorological data during the growth period at 0.5°×0.5° resolution, and Green Chlorophyll Vegetation Index (GCVI) at 500 m×500 m resolution. The specific procedure was listed: 1) The parameters of soybean cultivars were determined in these two research regions, according to their historical meteorological data (total rainfall in June-August, mean solar radiation in June-August, and the average daytime maximum temperature in August), recorded growth stages (planted, emerged, blooming, setting pods, dropping leaves, harvested date), application rate of nitrogen fertilizer (50-300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>), and yields on site. 2) Random simulations were conducted for daily Leaf Area Index (LAI) spanning a range of sites, years, and nitrogen fertilizer application. The generated data was used to train a multi-linear regression model, according to the soybean cultivars, where stored data results in a coefficients table for later use. 3) The regression equations were applied to estimate soybean yields during 2008-2017, based on the actual measured data from remote sensing data, with the spatial resolution of 500 m × 500 m. The estimated soybean yields were also compared with the survey statistics. The results showed that: in Iowa State, the U.S., the soybean yields were 2 139-4 766 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, showing a larger range than the survey yield with 3 002-3 991 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, where the Mean Percentage Error (MPE) was 16.8%, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 762.8 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and Mean Bias Error (BSE) was 107.2 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>; whereas, in Jilin Province, China, the soybean yields were 1 653-2 766 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was closed to the survey yield with 1 997-2 797 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, where the value of MPE was 36.3%, RMSE was 1 088.4 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and BSE was -237.9 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. In addition, the inter-year variation patterns from 2008 to 2017 year showed well consistent trends between the estimated yields and survey data of soybeans. In Iowa State, the lowest survey yields of soybean occurred at the year of 2012, similar to the estimated data, while the survey soybean yields were increased since 2012, but decreased since 2016, indicating a good agreement with the estimated yields. In Jilin Province, the increase and decrease trends were also in good agreement with the estimated crop model. At the county scale, the correlation between simulated soybean yields and survey data revealed the higher accuracy in Iowa State compared with Jilin Province, where the correlation coefficient was 0.78 in Iowa State and was 0.59 in Jilin Province. Moreover, there was a higher correlation coefficient in Iowa State, when soybean yields were relatively low. This finding indicates that the yield estimation of soybean over large areas can be achieved in the main agricultural regions of China and the U.S., using the DSSAT crop model combining with remote sensing data, including the meteorological elements and vegetation index. The high-resolution satellite images can be supposed to consider some complicated environment variable information, including the irrigation management, planting case databases and analyses, in further study to improve the accuracy of yield simulation.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Errors - Image enhancement - Mean square error - Meteorology - Nitrogen fertilizers - Regression analysis - Surveys - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Crop growth and yields - Fertilizer applications - High resolution satellite images - Irrigation management - Meteorological elements - Multi-linear regression - Root mean square errors
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.01e+03yr to 2.02e+03yr, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 3.63e+01%, Size 5.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20211710247508
Title:Effects of earthworm cast application rate on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon distribution in typical soils from the loess areas
Title of translation:蚯蚓粪施用量对黄土区典型土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布的影响
Authors:Li, Yanpei (1, 3); Shao, Ming'an (1, 2, 3, 4); Wang, Jiao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an; 710061, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jiao(wangjiao@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Earthworm casts exhibit remarkable fertility and have been used since long as an organic fertilizer for agricultural production in many areas of China. Both soil structure and properties are effectively influenced by applying earthworm casts. However, the effects of earthworm casts on the physical properties of soils from Loess Plateau have not been well understood. This study focused on the effects of earthworm cast application on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon and their stability. Soil column experiments were conducted in the laboratory using three typical soils (Loess soil, CS; Dark loessial soil, DS; Aeolian sandy soil, AS) at four earthworm cast application rates (0, 1%, 3% and 5%). After incubation for four months, soil samples were collected from each column for determination of dry aggregate size distribution and water-stable aggregate content. Organic carbon contents of the aggregates were determined as well. The results showed that the content of dry aggregates increased after applying earthworm cast for the fractions lower than 0.25 mm by 9.2%-24.7% and 7.0%-21.3% for CS and DS, respectively. The aggregates lower than 0.25 mm in AS, however, were significantly decreased by 25.9%-34.0% under the treatments of 3% and 5% application rates. Applying earthworm cast with rates of 3% and 5% was beneficial for the increase of water stable aggregates. The contents of water stable aggregates were significantly increased as compared with CK in all three soils. The mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and content of aggregates of higher than 0.25 mm increased after earthworm cast application for AS, while the value of fractal dimensions decreased. These indexes varied when the application rate reached 3% for CS and DS. The results indicated applying earthworm cast with rates of 3% helped to improve aggregate stability, while no further improvement were observed with a higher application rate of 5%. Additionally, application of earthworm casts significantly increased soil organic carbon content. Meanwhile, the contents of aggregate-associated organic carbon were higher in treatments with earthworm cast than those without, indicating a positive effect of earthworm cast application on aggregate-associated organic carbon. The relative contribution of aggregates not higher than 0.25 to the total soil organic carbon significantly decreased by 21.4%-41.1% and 15.7%-20.4% after earthworm cast application for CS and DS, but increased for AS. No significant difference, however, was obtained between the treatments of 3% and 5% application rates. This indicated applying 1% earthworm cast was able to increase soil organic carbon and aggregate-associated carbon content, but the stability of soil organic carbon wasn't improved until the application rate reached 3%. The relative contribution of aggregates higher than 0.50 mm to total soil organic carbon was higher in CS and DS treatments, while that of aggregates in the fractions not higher than 0.25 mm and 0.25-0.50 mm to soil organic carbon was higher in the AS treatment. The contents of labile organic carbon were higher in treatments with earthworm casts than those without. As for the three soils, DS had most labile organic carbon and AS had least. Based on an integrated consideration of the stability of soil aggregate and aggregate-associated carbon, an application rate of 3% was suggested for the agricultural production. The findings of this study improve our understandings of the effects of earthworm cast application rate on soil aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution of soils in the Loess Plateau, and are able to aid in improving the application efficiency of earthworm casts as an organic fertilizer in agricultural practices in the loess area.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Organic carbon
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Fertilizers - Fractal dimension - Landforms - Sediments - Soils - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate associated carbons - Aggregate size distributions - Agricultural productions - Geometric mean diameters - Organic carbon contents - Organic carbon distribution - Soil organic carbon content - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.57e+01% to 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.14e+01% to 4.11e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01% to 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00% to 2.13e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00% to 2.47e+01%, Size 2.50e-04m, Size 2.50e-04m to 5.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20211710247496
Title:Optimization of the diameters of main nozzle and sub-nozzle and flow channel structure parameters of negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler
Title of translation:负压反馈射流喷头主副喷嘴直径及流道结构参数的优化
Authors:Wang, Xinkun (1); Meng, Tianshu (1); Zhang, Chenxi (2); Wang, Xi (1); Zhao, Wenhe (1); Yao, Jicheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fluid Machinery Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Central Route of South-North Water Transfer Information Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing; 100176, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:3
Issue date:February 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:99-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The negative pressure feedback jet nozzle is a full circle rotating irrigation nozzle designed based on the jet pulse characteristics. The size combination of the main and auxiliary nozzles of the nozzle has a great influence on the pulse characteristics and hydraulic performance of the nozzle. A reasonable combination of the main and auxiliary nozzles can greatly improve the pulse effect, thereby improving the hydraulic performance of the nozzle, and ensure the optimal flow path. In order to have the best hydraulic performance of the structural parameters, the inlet flow rate and range are selected as evaluation indicators. The smaller the inlet flow, the lower the intensity of sprinkling irrigation At the same time, 9 structural parameters are fully considered as orthogonal test parameters. In order to determine the design interval of the main and auxiliary nozzle diameters and the influence of each flow channel structure parameter on the performance of the nozzle, a single factor numerical simulation method was used to determine the design interval of the main and auxiliary nozzle diameters with good pulse effect. A total of 108 sets of simulations were carried out. The 22 groups were defined as better pulse effects, and the inlet flow rate and range were used as evaluation indicators, and a orthogonal test was carried out. For the 32 sets of arrangement data obtained by orthogonal experiments, the test results are processed by the range analysis method and the relative influence index evaluation method, and the optimal parameters combination of the main and auxiliary nozzles of the nozzle and the optimal internal flow channel parameters were obtained. The runner structure parameter model was processed into a prototype and an experimental platform was set up at Jiangsu University. The comparison test was carried out to verify the reasonability of numerical simulation and the hydraulic performance of the nozzle before and after optimization. The results showed that within the working pressure range of 0.15-0.30 MPa, the design intervals of the main and auxiliary nozzle diameters are 4.0-4.5 mm and 3.5-4.5 mm respectively, and the specific parameters of the optimal flow channel structure are the displacement ratio of 0.475, the sidewall inclination angle of 12.0°, split length ratio 9.0, aspect ratio 2.5, relative curvature radius ratio 3.0, relative length combination of main and auxiliary nozzles 8 cm×6 cm, combination of main and auxiliary nozzles 4.5 mm×3.5 mm, elevation angle 30°. The optimized prototype test value was 12.1%-14.6% lower than the pre-optimized test value, and the range was increased by 6.5%-9.4%. After optimization, the normalized root-mean-square error indexes of the experimental value and the simulated value were 4.2% and 6.7%, respectively, indicating that the optimization effect was better and the accuracy of the water model was higher. The middle and short range water depth of the nozzle reduced compared with before optimization, and the distant water depth of the nozzle increased compared with before optimization. The optimal flow channel structure parameters and research process can provide reference for the subsequent design of the nozzle.<br/></div> © 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Nozzle design
Controlled terms:Aspect ratio - Channel flow - Inlet flow - Mean square error - Nozzles - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Parameter estimation - Shape optimization - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Structural design - Structural optimization - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation indicators - Experimental platform - Hydraulic performance - Numerical simulation method - Orthogonal experiment - Pulse characteristics - Root mean square errors - Sprinkling irrigation
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.21e+01% to 1.46e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+00% to 9.40e+00%, Percentage 6.70e+00%, Pressure 1.50e+05Pa to 3.00e+05Pa, Size 3.50e-03m to 4.50e-03m, Size 4.00e-03m to 4.50e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.03.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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