<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20211510213095
Title:Numerical simulation and optimization of quick freezing process of strawberry by dry ice spray
Title of translation:&#33609;&#33683;&#24178;&#20912;&#21943;&#23556;&#36895;&#20923;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#25968;&#20540;&#27169;&#25311;&#19982;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Ning, Jinghong (1); Zhao, Yanfeng (1); Sun, Zhaoyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin; 300134, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:306-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Quick-frozen fruits and vegetables have a high demand on the processing device for rapid freezing, due to the ever-increasing requirements for the high quality and nutritional value to the taste of consumers in food production. The purpose of this study is to use the sublimation process of dry ice particles, further to form the superfast freezing in low temperature environment, in order to adequately keep the original color, flavor, and high quality nutrition of frozen products, shorten the freezing time, and improve the freezing efficiency. Taking the strawberry as the research material, natural dry ice particles were sprayed into a quick-freezing room, concurrently skimmed the surface of strawberry, and fully contacted with the strawberry to exchange the heat. Therefore, a new innovated platform was designed, including the fabrication of dry ice pellet, spraying system, a quick-freezing room, and a feasible pallet. A thermomechanical model of strawberry in the quick-freezing room was established, to simulate the distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure during the dry ice spraying using the Comsol multiphysics software. The inlet radius of the dry ice jet was set under the conditions of 18, 20, 23, 25 and 30 mm, and the injection velocity was set as 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50 m/s, thereby to determine the time when the core temperature and surface temperature of strawberry met the requirements of quick freezing. The solid fraction of dry ice in different time was compared-when the injection velocities of dry ice were 0.20 and 0.30 m/s. The results showed that the freezing time of strawberry decreased, while the freezing efficiency increased-with the increase of the inlet radius and the spray speed of dry ice. When the inlet radius was 25 mm and the flow velocity was 0.30 m/s, the core temperature of all strawberries reached -18&#8451; at 350s, indicating the uniform distribution of temperature, and the shortest duration between the strawberry surface to -35&#8451; and the strawberry core to -18&#8451;. In this case, it was expected to effectively prevent the surface cracking caused by the excessive difference of internal and external temperature in a strawberry. Meanwhile, the solid fraction of exported dry ice was less than others, indicating the quick freezing of strawberry realized with the maximum efficiency. Compared with liquid nitrogen spraying, the zone of the maximum ice crystal formation and the freezing time of dry frozen strawberry reduced by 63.9% and 41.7%, respectively, indicating the excellent cooling performance using dry ice spray. In addition, the quick-frozen quality of strawberry was significantly improved, due to the less freezing time, the improved freezing efficiency, and the reduced energy consumption of system operation, meanwhile, to better preserve the strawberry juice, original color, flavor, and nutrition. An experiment was also used to verify the optimal parameters, where the experimental and simulation errors were 3.70% and 6.03%, respectively, when the surface temperature and core temperature reached the standard value. Specifically, the physical and chemical properties of strawberries were better than the standard after being quick-frozen. The finding can lay a sound foundation for further development of energy-saving and environment-friendly dry frozen devices for fruits and vegetables.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Carbon dioxide - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Flow velocity - Freezing - Fruit juices - Fruits - Liquefied gases - Nutrition  - Refrigerants - Surface properties - Thermal processing (foods) - Vegetables - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution of temperature - Energy-saving and environments - External temperature - Fruits and vegetables - Low temperature environment - Physical and chemical properties - Simulation and optimization - Thermomechanical model
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 461.7  Health Care - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 631  Fluid Flow - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 4.17e+01%, Percentage 6.03e+00%, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m, Time 3.50e+02s, Velocity 2.00e-01m/s, Velocity 3.00e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20211510213092
Title:Thermal coupling characteristics of photovoltaic-thermoelectric interface and efficiency of hybrid power generation
Title of translation:&#20809;&#20239;&#28201;&#24046;&#30028;&#38754;&#28909;&#32806;&#21512;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#28151;&#21512;&#21457;&#30005;&#25928;&#29575;
Authors:Li, Xinran (1); Wang, Lishu (1); Li, Chuang (1); Dong, Yuqing (1); Li, Tianshu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Lishu(wanglishu@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:233-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">When photovoltaic power generation is in sufficient light, heat generated by solar radiation will hinder photoelectric conversion effect. Excessive temperature will also shorten the working life of the photovoltaic cell itself. The photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid power generation technology is to add thermoelectric cell to the photovoltaic cell backplane, using the heat that affects the conversion efficiency and working life of photovoltaic cell as heat source for thermoelectric power generation. Through thermoelectric cell converting waste heat of photovoltaic cell into electrical energy. In actual application of photovoltaic-thermoelectric system uses a combination of multiple thermoelectric cells and photovoltaic cells. Multiple thermoelectric cell wires need to be wired, thermoelectric cells also have dimensional errors. Therefore, the area of photovoltaic cell is usually larger than that of thermoelectric cell. Part of photovoltaic cell backplane conducts natural convection and natural radiation heat exchange with the outside world. The thermal coupling characteristics of photovoltaic-thermoelectric interface are more complicated, and the law of influence on the efficiency of hybrid power generation system needs to be explored. These research use finite element software to simulate interface thermal field distribution of photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid power generation system, verification by experiment, in the case of 4 types of thermoelectric cell and photovoltaic cell area ratios investigating the influence law of hybrid power generation system temperature and hybrid power generation efficiency. The results show that the area ratio of thermoelectric cell to photovoltaic cell affects the temperature of hybrid power generation system, and system cooling effect of the photovoltaic cell in the hybrid power generation system increases when the area ratio of thermoelectric cell to photovoltaic cell increases. Respectively, under the standard conditions system with area ratios of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 reduces the temperature of photovoltaic cell by 11.02%, 13.34%, 13.80% and 23.12%. Increasing area ratio of thermoelectric cell to photovoltaic cell can improve the efficiency of hybrid power generation system. Reducing contact thermal resistance can improve efficiency of hybrid power generation system on the same area ratio. As interface contact thermal resistance increases, efficiency of the hybrid power generation system decreases. Under condition of low irradiance, efficiency of photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid power generation system with different area ratios tends to be close. Through finite element simulation analysis and test verification, using high thermal conductivity interface materials, the hybrid power generation system with area ratio of 1.00 has the highest power generation efficiency. Therefore, in the practical application of photovoltaic-thermoelectric hybrid power generation, on the premise of ensuring the quality of the thermoelectric cell wiring, increasing the area ratio of thermoelectric cell and photovoltaic cell as much as possible. As the area ratio of thermoelectric cell to photovoltaic cell increases, contact thermal resistance influence on hybrid power generation system increases. For improve the efficiency of hybrid power generation system, the system interface contact thermal resistance requires the use of high thermal conductivity interface materials to reduce contact thermal resistance. The experiment uses cell widely used in the market to study the influence law of hybrid power generation system temperature and hybrid power generation efficiency, providing a reference for the combined use of photovoltaic cell and thermoelectric cell.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Thermoelectric energy conversion
Controlled terms:Cells - Cytology - Finite element method - Hybrid materials - Interfaces (materials) - Photoelectrochemical cells - Photovoltaic cells - Photovoltaic effects - Solar cells - Solar power generation  - Solar power plants - Thermal conductivity - Verification - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Contact thermal resistance - Finite element simulations - High thermal conductivity - Hybrid power generation systems - Photoelectric conversion - Photovoltaic power generation - Power generation efficiency - Thermal field distribution
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.4  Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 615.2  Solar Power - 615.4  Thermoelectric Energy - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 702.1  Electric Batteries - 702.3  Solar Cells - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20211510212902
Title:Effects of simultaneous furrow ridging and precision hill-direct-seeding on grain yield and quality of double-cropping indica rice in South China
Title of translation:&#21516;&#27493;&#24320;&#27807;&#36215;&#22404;&#31934;&#37327;&#31348;&#30452;&#25773;&#23545;&#21335;&#26041;&#21452;&#23395;&#31868;&#31291;&#20135;&#37327;&#21644;&#31291;&#31859;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Chen, Liming (1); Wang, Wenxia (1); Xiong, Ruoyu (1); Xie, Jiaxin (1); Wu, Ziming (1); Tan, Xueming (1); Zeng, Yongjun (1); Chen, Xiongfei (1); Shi, Qinghua (1); Pan, Xiaohua (1); Zeng, Yanhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education/Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Province/Innovation Center for the Modernization Production of Double Cropping Rice, Nanchang; 330045, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Yanhua(zyh74049501@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:28-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to investigate the effects of different direct seeding methods on the yield and rice quality of early-late season double-cropping indica rice in south China. Taking the Xiangzaoxian45 (inbred indica rice) and Taiyou398 (hybrid indica rice) as the research materials in both early and late seasons, two direct seeding methods were set, including artificial seeding (AS), and precision rice hill-drop drilling machine (PHDD), to determine the yield and its components, emergence rate of seedlings, and quality of rice grain for the direct-seeded indica rice in a typical double cropping area for the early-late season. The results showed that the PHDD significantly increased the emergence rate of seedlings and grain yield of tested varieties, with the increasing rates of 7.4%-14.2% and 6.9%-8.0% in early season and late season, respectively, compared with AS. The PHDD was beneficial to increase the annual yield of tested varieties, with the range of 3.23%-21.66%. Specifically, the Xiangzaoxian45 increased significantly grain yield in the early and late season, while the Taiyou398 increased significantly in the late season. In terms of yield components, the increase in grain yield of tested varieties under the PHDD was mainly due to the relatively obvious achievement of effective panicles and grain number per panicle. Besides, the PHDD significantly increased the milled rice rate, head rice rate, and chalkiness degree in the early season of Xiangzaoxian45, while the chalkiness ratio in the late season of Taiyou398, but significantly decreased the head rice rate in the early season of Taiyou398, while the chalkiness degree, chalkiness ratio, and the protein content in the late season of Xiangzaoxian45. However, there was no significant difference in the amylose content of tested varieties. Meanwhile, the PHDD significantly increased the peak viscosity, hot paste viscosity, breakdown value, and final viscosity of Taiyou398 in late-season rice flour, whereas, significantly reduced the gelatinization temperature. The PHDD can contribute to improve the annual yield of high-quality rice varieties, which was mainly related to the coordination of panicles ratio and grain number per panicles. Nevertheless, the ways to increase production varied with the tested varieties and growing seasons. Specifically, the PHDD significantly improved the early season processing quality and late-season appearance quality of Xiangzaoxian45, while decreased the early season processing quality and late-season appearance quality of Taiyou398, but improved its cooking and eating quality in the late season. The quality of direct seeding rice in the late season was enhanced obviously under the PHDD regime. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for high yield and high-quality cultivation of double-season direct-seeding indica rice in South China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Drilling machines (machine tools) - Gelation - Hybrid materials - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Appearance qualities - Artificial seeding - Cooking and eatings - Direct seeding rice - Gelatinization temperature - Increase productions - Processing quality - Protein contents
Classification code:603.1  Machine Tools, General - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.23e+00% to 2.17e+01%, Percentage 6.90e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Percentage 7.40e+00% to 1.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20211510213066
Title:Design and experimental study of 5HP-25 type grain dryer
Title of translation:5HP-25&#22411;&#31918;&#39135;&#24178;&#29157;&#26426;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Luo, Hengguang (1); Li, Changyou (1); Zhang, Yongbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, Changyou(lichyx@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:279-289
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">This study aims to enhance the operating efficiency and annual utilization rate in the mechanized drying of grains. Meanwhile, their versatility and reliability need to be improved. In order to strengthen the drying process, it is necessary to increase the dynamic coefficient, rather than the processing power only. A systematic investigation was made on the relationship between the geometric structural parameters and the motion parameters, in order to increase the drying dynamic coefficient for the non-destructive drying. The effects of geometric factors on grain flow characteristics were revealed using the combined geometric structure factors and motion parameters. Since the downward flow of grains depended mainly on the gravity of grains, the geometric structural parameters were used to express the natural flow state in the drying chamber. In addition, the flow speed of grain at a certain position was proportional to the speed of grain discharge. In the continuous flow process, there was an equal amount of absolutely dry matter flowing through any cross section in the drying chamber at any time, where the velocity ratio was equal to the inverse area ratio. A general-purpose grain dryer was developed, where the induced air was used to reduce pressure, while the partial flash evaporation was used to decrease the grain temperature, and a self-adaptive differential reciprocating grain discharging device was designed to strengthen the heat and mass transfer in the drying section. The dryer was widely used for many kinds of granular grains and seeds, which achieved high-quality, high-efficiency, and low-temperature drying. The heat and mass transfer were strengthened, because the grain changed the flow state spontaneously and rotated continuously during the continuous flow in the dryer. The drying uniformity was improved, further to avoid local overheating damage caused by single-side heating during the grain drying process. The variable cross-section angle box with the angle of 6&deg; could increas the drying dynamic coefficient by 2-4 times, compared with the traditional cross flow. The temperature of grain was below 35&#8451;, indicating lower than the glass transition temperature of grain. The dried rice seeds remained intact with high activity. The increased rate of crack and the moisture unevenness both were less than 1%. The germination potential increased by 76% than before, and the germination rate was close to 95%. The drying quality was significantly improved, compared with the concurrent flow drying. A dislocated and differential reciprocating mechanism was designed to achieve the adaptive and non-destructive grain discharge, indicating an effective bridging and blocking operation to avoid mechanical damage of grains. In the application of designed 5HP-25 type grain dryer, an optimal combination of parameters was obtained, where the average drying intensity of grain was 1.37%/h-2.70%/h, and the per-unit heat consumption of drying was 2 900-4 300 kJ/kg. Compared with the national standard 7 400 kJ/kg, the effect of energy saving was remarkable. The finding can provide a sound reference to design a high quality, high-efficiency, and energy-saving equipment for the grain drying process.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Dryers (equipment) - Dynamics - Energy conservation - Geometry - Glass transition - Low temperature drying - Mass transfer - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous-flow process - Geometric structure - Germination potential - Heat and mass transfer - Operating efficiency - Optimal combination - Structural parameter - Variable cross section
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Specific_Energy 2.90e+06J/kg to 4.30e+06J/kg, Specific_Energy 7.40e+06J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20211510213085
Title:Effects of maize stovers returning by mulching or deep tillage on soil organic carbon sequestration in Mollisol
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#35206;&#30422;&#19982;&#28145;&#32763;&#20004;&#31181;&#36824;&#30000;&#26041;&#24335;&#23545;&#40657;&#22303;&#26377;&#26426;&#30899;&#22266;&#25345;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liang, Yao (1); Cai, Hongguang (1); Yang, Li (2); Cheng, Song (1); Zhang, Shuimei (1); Yuan, Jingchao (1); Liu, Jianzhao (1); Liu, Songtao (1); Ren, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun; 130033, China; (2) China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing; 100091, China
Corresponding author:Ren, Jun(renjun557@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:133-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Maize stovers returning is an effective approach to improve soil fertility of Mollisol, thereby to maintain safety of regional environment. However, the understanding of maize stovers returning with no tillage or deep tillage is still limited on Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) sequestration and distribution of aggregates associated Organic Carbon (OC). In this study, a six-year field experiment was carried out, which located in the middle of Mollisol region in northeast China. Three treatments were selected as follow: conventional tillage (CK), stovers mulching with no tillage (SM), and stovers incorporation with deep tillage (SI). Soil samples were collected from 0-10, &gt; 10-20, &gt; 20-30, and &gt; 30-40 cm depth. In addition, the specific parameters were estimated, including the SOC content, bulk density, aggregate size distribution and aggregate associated OC content, annual carbon input, SOC stock, and soil carbon sequestration rate. Compared with CK, SMR significantly increased by 22.4% SOC content at 0-10 cm soil depth, but no notable change in the SOC content at 10-40 cm soil depth. SI significantly increased by 18.1%-41.5% SOC content at 0-40 cm soil depth, with the greatest increasement at &gt; 20-30 cm soil depth. The SOC content in CK and SMR treatment was in a decreasing trend as soil depth increased, but no significant change was found in the SOC content among 0-10, &gt; 10-20 and &gt; 20-30 cm soil depths in SIR. The SOC stock changed in the same way as its content. The SMR had a high SOC stock at 0-10 cm soil depth than SIR, however, greater SOC stock at &gt; 20-30 cm soil depth was found in SIR than that in SMR. In the initial condition, the amount of carbon sequestration decreased as follow: SM&gt; SI&gt; CK at topsoil (0-20 cm), and SI&gt; SM&gt; CK at subsoil (&gt; 20-40 cm). The soil carbon sequestration rate at topsoil and subsoil were 1.34 and 0.77 Mg/(hm²&bull;a) in SM treatment, and 0.85 and 1.74 Mg/(hm²&bull;a) in SI treatment, respectively. Aggregate distribution and aggregate associated OC content were strongly affected by different stovers returning treatments. The SM significantly increased the proportion of macroaggregate and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) at topsoil, and the SI significantly increased the aggregate stability at 0-40 cm soil layer, compared with CK. The SIR treatment had higher MWD at 10-40 cm soil layer than the SM. The 2-0.25 mm aggregate accounted for 48.3%-55.0% of the SOC, indicating the crucial role of macroaggregate in SOC sequestration in the Mollisol. Compared with CK, higher OC contents of &gt; 2 and &lt; 0.053 mm aggregated at 0-10 cm layer were observed in SM, where the SI resulted in greater OC content of &gt; 2 mm at 0-10 cm layer, as well as OC contents in each size of aggregate at 10-40 cm soil depth. The SOC content was significant positive correlations with MWD, OC contents of &gt; 2 mm and 2-0.25 mm aggregate, respectively, indicating that more exogenous organic carbon has been preserved in macroaggregates. In the Mollisol region, maize stovers returning can be used to improve the SOC sequestration and aggregate stability, where the positive effect of maize stovers mulching on SOC retention mainly focused on 0-10 cm soil depth. Furthermore, the maize stovers incorporation with deep tillage can contribute to great SOC sequestration and physical structure at 0-40 cm soil depth.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agriculture - Organic carbon
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate distribution - Aggregate size distributions - Conventional tillage - Mean weight diameter - Positive correlations - Regional environments - Soil carbon sequestration - Soil organic carbon sequestration
Classification code:406  Highway Engineering - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.81e+01% to 4.15e+01%, Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+01% to 5.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-03m to 2.50e-04m, Size 3.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 5.30e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20211510213063
Title:Soil colloid release and transport in the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Title of translation:&#19977;&#23777;&#27700;&#24211;&#28040;&#33853;&#24102;&#22303;&#22756;&#33014;&#20307;&#37322;&#25918;&#19982;&#36801;&#31227;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Zhang, Wei (1); Sun, Honglei (2, 3); Tang, Xiangyu (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (2) Yunnan Hexu Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Mianyang; 621002, China; (3) Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu; 611756, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Xiangyu(xytang@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:188-194
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil colloids are generally defined as fine particles with diameters ranging between the nanoscale (down to 10 nm) and microscale (2 &mu;m). As colloids are characterized by large surface areas and active functional groups, they exhibit strong affinities to hydrophobic contaminants such as phosphors, heavy metals and pharmaceuticals. In addition, natural colloids in the vadose zone are negatively charged, which potentially decreases the possibilities of colloid straining and/or retention by soil matrix. As such, a great potential of environmental risk from natural colloids is posed to the shallow groundwater. In the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone (WLFZ) actsas the final barrier before the entrance of terrestrial contaminants into the reservoir water. High intensity and periodic wet-dry cycles in the WLFZ potentially affect soil physicochemical properties, internal structure and erodibility, which further influences the release and transport of soil colloids. However, the systematic investigation is still lacking regarding the release dynamics and transport potentials of soil colloids from the WLFZ or the riparian soil subject to periodic wet-dry cycles. The investigation of colloid release and transport is also highly demanding for the evaluation of colloid-facilitated contaminant transport into the reservoir water. In this study, the release and transport dynamics of soil colloids were explored in the intact soil columns from the WLFZ at an altitude of 160 m and the non-WLFZ at an altitude of 177 m within the TGR. Column-scale leaching experiments were carried out in the saturated flows, where the conservative tracer (Br^-) was used as an indicator of the degree of preferential flow in the columns. Correlation and regression analysis, as well as hierarchical partitioning were applied to identify the effects of critical factors of water chemistries on the release and transport dynamics of soil colloids. The results showed that colloid concentration of the leachate from the WLFZ generally showed a rapid decrease from 184.58 to 28.04 mg/L within 0-3 pore volumes of injection, followed by a slow increase from 21.18 to 97.58 mg/L within 3-6 pore volumes. A large temporal variation of colloid release from the WLFZ was observed with a variation coefficient of 0.46. The accumulated amount of colloid release from the WLFZ column was 714.43 mg within 6 pore volumes of leaching, which was 34.4% higher than the released colloid from the non-WLFZ column. The peak and median size of the leached particles from the WLFZ column were 13.25-19.90 &mu;m and 14.98-22.90 &mu;m, respectively, both of which were much smaller than those from the non-WLFZ column. These results indicated that the periodic alternations of impoundment and exposure could contribute to the release and transport potential of colloid and fine particles from the soil in the WLFZ. Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) was identified to be the critical influential factor for the release of soil colloid from the WLFZ, showing a high explanation rate of 42.3% to the dynamic of colloid concentration. In contrast, water chemistries including EC, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, showed a stronger effect on colloid release and transport in the soil of the non-WLFZ. The reduction of DOC loss from the WLFZ soil can be prioritized to alleviate the released and transport potential of soil colloid from the WLFZ. A strong suggestion was proposed to explore the potential sources of DOC in the soil of the WLFZ, as well as the potential transport of various contaminants such as agricultural wastes facilitated by DOC-colloid associates into the reservoir water in the future.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Groundwater pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Contamination - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Heavy metals - Leaching - Organic carbon - Particle size analysis - Petroleum reservoir evaluation  - Physicochemical properties - Reservoirs (water) - Soils - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation and regression analysis - Dissolved organic carbon - Hierarchical partitioning - Hydrophobic contaminants - Soil physico-chemical properties - Three gorges reservoir - Variation coefficient - Water-level-fluctuation zones
Classification code:441.2  Reservoirs - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 7.14e-04kg, Mass_Density 1.85e-01kg/m3 to 2.80e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.12e-02kg/m3 to 9.76e-02kg/m3, Percentage 3.44e+01%, Size 1.00e-08m, Size 1.33e-05m to 1.99e-05m, Size 1.50e-05m to 2.29e-05m, Size 1.60e+02m, Size 1.77e+02m, Size 2.00e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20211510212915
Title:Design of pneumatic single seed metering device for coated hybrid rice
Title of translation:&#27668;&#21147;&#24335;&#21253;&#34915;&#26434;&#20132;&#31291;&#21333;&#31890;&#25490;&#31181;&#22120;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Zang, Ying (1, 2); He, Siyu (1, 2); Wang, Zaiman (1, 2); Liu, Shuncai (1, 2); Wang, Xuguo (1, 2); Wen, Zhiqiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zaiman
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:10-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Direct seeding of rice is widely expected as one of the most important technology in mechanized rice planting. At present, two ways were mainly divided into the transplanting and direct seeding. The direct seeding can reduce the input of procedures and costs, while the growth cycle. In the complex field environment, direct-seeded rice seeds are easily affected by diseases, pests, weeds, and flooding, leading to greatly reduce the emergence rate and the yield. Alternatively, the seed coating technology can be used to provide micro-fertilizers, growth regulators and pesticides for the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings. Specifically, the film-forming agents, adhesives, and other ingredients are generally used to uniformly bond the active ingredients on the surface of seeds. Since its convenient application, low cost, as well as resistance to pests and diseases, the seed coating technology can greatly contribute to enhance the seedling rate in the field, and the growth potential of seedlings. Particularly, small environmental pollution can meet the harsh requirement of ecological agriculture. In recent years, the mechanical direct seeding technology of rice has been commonly used in a large area in China, one of which the precision hole direct seeding technology of rice has good ventilation and permeability in the paddy field. The rice seeds are distributed evenly in the field, according to the agronomic requirements of rice varieties. The main types of direct seeding rice are the conventional rice and hybrid rice. The sowing rate is normally 5-10 per hole of conventional rice, while the sowing rate is generally 2-4 grains per hole for the hybrid rice with strong tillering ability. With the emergence of super hybrid rice and some high-quality rice varieties, the single-grain sowing has become particularly important, due to it meets the requirements of agronomic planting. In this study, a single-grain pneumatic seed metering device was designed for the coated rice to meet the demand of single-grain sowing of super rice. The physical parameters of coated rice seeds were measured. A movement model was established between rice seed and diversion suction plate during adsorption, according to the movement process of rice seed under the action of suction tray. The optimal negative pressure was calculated under the ideal condition of seed suction disk. Taking the coated rice variety (Super Rice Wuyou 1179) as the experimental object, the three-factor and three-level all-factor test was used to analyze the seed absorption of rice varieties at the speed of suction tray, negative pressure of suction chamber, and structure of seed suction tray. The experimental results show that the seed suction effect was the best, when the rotating speed of diversion suction tray was 30 r/min, and the negative pressure of suction chamber was 1 400 Pa. The seed sucking effect was best in the seed sucker structure with diversion groove and auxiliary seed sucking device, where the maximum of single seed sucking rate was 81.58%, and the leakage rate was 2.89%. Therefore, the suction tray can effectively improve the seed absorption rate per grain, suitable for the needs of single-grain sowing of super rice. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the rapid development of single-grain sowing of rice.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Agricultural robots - Agronomy - Coatings - Mechanical permeability - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Pneumatics - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Active ingredients - Coating technologies - Direct seeding rice - Ecological agricultures - Environmental pollutions - Film forming agent - Physical parameters - Seed metering devices
Classification code:632.3  Pneumatics - 632.4  Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 813.2  Coating Materials - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.89e+00%, Percentage 8.16e+01%, Pressure 1.40e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+01RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20211510213273
Title:Surface defect detection of Hami melon using deep learning and image processing
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#28145;&#24230;&#23398;&#20064;&#19982;&#22270;&#20687;&#22788;&#29702;&#30340;&#21704;&#23494;&#29916;&#34920;&#38754;&#32570;&#38519;&#26816;&#27979;
Authors:Li, Xiaozhan (1); Ma, Benxue (1, 2); Yu, Guowei (1); Chen, Jincheng (1, 3); Li, Yujie (1); Li, Cong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Benxue(mbx_shz@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:223-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An improved Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was proposed to solve the time-consuming and inefficient detection for the surface defect on the Hami melon in recent years. The Hami melons were purchased from 103 Regiment, 6th Agricultural Division, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, China. A total of 200 images of normal Hami melons were taken by a camera in a black box. 100 images of Hami melons were collected with the various surface defects, such as mildew, sunburn and crack. Since it is difficult to collect samples with three defect types, the data enhancement technique was used to expand the dataset. A total of 10 000 sample images were obtained, and then divided into a training and test dataset, according to the proportion of 4: 1. A VGG-like model was improved by adding a convolutional layer and a pooling layer at the beginning. As such, the improved VGG-like model included three convolutional layers, three max-pooling layers, a flatten layer, and two fully-connected layers. The softmax classifier was used in the last fully-connected layer. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) function was chosen as the activation function. The Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) was chosen as the optimizer. The improved VGG-like model was used to identify four-class defect samples. The optimal hyperparameters in the CNN models were determined via the performance under the different learning rates and epochs. In all established CNN models, the test data showed that the AlexNet model outperformed other VGG-16 models, with the learning rate of 0.001 and the epochs of 500. Moreover, the AlexNet model can achieve the best performance with the accuracy of 99.69% and 96.62% in the training and test dataset, respectively. Three image processing techniques were compared to evaluate the preprocessing impact, including the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and binarization. The results indicated that the preprocessing provided a better detection performance on the various surface features of Hami melon in image preprocessing. The improved VGG-like model was the optimal to detect four-class defect on the Hami melon surface, indicating the learning rate of 0.001 and the epochs of 500. The prediction accuracy of improved VGG-like model in test set reached 97.14%. A visualization technique was used to analyze the features of convolutional layers, particularly on feature extraction in a CNN model. The visualization results showed that the defect features became more and more obvious with the increase of the convolutional layers. The defect features were the clearest in the captured images by the last convolutional layer. In addition, the convolutional features with the input as the preprocessing images were clearer than before. Finally, the improved VGG-like model was verified by the developed software on the plateform of PyQt5. The developed software functions included Open Camera, Read Image, Image Processing (Gray, PCA, SVD and Binarization), and Image Identification. The detection time of a single image was less than 0.7 s. In each type, 50 images were captured under the same environment. A total of 200 test images were collected. The test results showed that none of normal samples was predicted as defect samples. Only 8 crack Hami melons was incorrectly identified, due mainly to the unobvious feature. The average prediction accuracy of 200 samples was 93.5%. The improved VGG-like model with the preprocessing can be expected to apply for the detection of defects on the Hami melon surface, and other on-line nondestructive detection in the future.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cameras - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Cracks - Deep learning - Feature extraction - Gradient methods - Learning systems - Optimization  - Singular value decomposition - Statistical tests - Stochastic systems - Surface defects - Visualization
Uncontrolled terms:Detection performance - Image processing technique - Nondestructive detection - Principal components analysis - Stochastic gradient descent - Surface defect detections - Visualization results - Visualization technique
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Percentage 9.71e+01%, Percentage 9.97e+01%, Time 7.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20211510212917
Title:Future drought trend in China considering CO<inf>2</inf> concentration
Title of translation:&#32771;&#34385;CO<inf>2</inf>&#27987;&#24230;&#24433;&#21709;&#30340;&#20013;&#22269;&#26410;&#26469;&#24178;&#26097;&#36235;&#21183;&#21464;&#21270;
Authors:Zhang, Gengxi (1, 2); Su, Xiaoling (1, 2); Liu, Wenfei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A& F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A& F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Su, Xiaoling(xiaolingsu@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:84-91
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Drought has become a commonly natural hazard in nearly all regions of China, while, it has caused serious destructive effects on agriculture, ecological environment and residents. Climate change is ever increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts. Alternatively, the increase in CO<inf>2</inf> concentration can alleviate the occurrence of droughts, and reduce the drought frequency and severity. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the occurrence of drought under different climate scenarios and the mitigation effect of increased CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in the future. In this study, the meteorological data were downloaded from 5 GCMs' simulations from the sixth phase of the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP6), and then to downscale using the bias correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD), finally to integrate the downscaled climatic data using Bayesian modelling averaging (BMA). A drought trend was analyzed considering and without considering the effect of CO<inf>2</inf> under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios using the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results show that the BMA average model improved the simulation accuracy, and stability of precipitation and temperature. The correlation coefficient with the measured precipitation was greater than 0.8, and that with temperature was greater than 0.98. Both SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios showed a strong warming trend across China. By the end of the 21st century, the temperature increased by 2.7 and 6.2&deg;C under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. The precipitation also showed a significant increase across China. The annual precipitation in the SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5 increased 150 and 50 mm, respectively. The increase of temperature resulted in a continuous increase in the potential evapotranspiration (PET), but the increasing trend of PET considering the influence of CO<inf>2</inf> concentration (PET[CO<inf>2</inf>]) slowed down significantly. The higher the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration, the more obvious the slowing trend. SPEI presented an obvious downward trend across China, where the downward trend in northwest China was the most significant, with a more severe trend under the SSP5-8.5 scenario than the SSP2-4.5 scenario. The drought area ratio in Northwest China also showed the strongest increasing trend, especially after 2070. By the end of the 21st century, the drought area ratio exceeded 80% under SSP5-8.5 scenario in the northwestern desert of China. The variation trends of the drought area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, northeastern China, central China, and southern China are more consistent. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the drought area ratio showed an increasing trend, but under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, the drought area ratio calculated by SPEI showed no obvious trend, while the drought area calculated by SPEI[CO<inf>2</inf>] showed a slight downward trend. Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the drought area ratio of the whole mainland China showed an overall increasing trend, and the drought area ratio calculated by SPEI[CO<inf>2</inf>] under the SSP2-4.5 scenario showed a slow downward trend. In conclusion, under the same scenario, the drought index that does not consider the impact of CO<inf>2</inf> overestimates the future occurrence of drought. More efforts may be needed to mitigate the consequent impact there under climate change. The results of this study emphasize the importance that vegetation control land hydrological process through the response to future CO<inf>2</inf> concentration increase, and indicate that the influence of CO<inf>2</inf> on drought trend should be considered in future drought investigation, thereby to offer systematic and scientific fundamentals for the management of water resource. The findings can provide a scientific basis for adaptation strategies to promote drought preparedness and the implementation of reliable warning systems, thereby to quickly mitigate potential impacts of future droughts all over China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Bayesian networks - Carbon dioxide - Climate change - Evapotranspiration - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptation strategies - Annual precipitation - Correlation coefficient - Coupled Model Intercomparison Project - Ecological environments - Potential evapotranspiration - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Spatial disaggregation
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 444  Water Resources - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 921.4  Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Temperature 2.76e+02K, Temperature 2.79e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20211510212908
Title:Estimation of above ground biomass of Populus euphratica forest using UAV and satellite remote sensing
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#21644;&#21355;&#26143;&#36965;&#24863;&#30340;&#32993;&#26472;&#26519;&#22320;&#19978;&#29983;&#29289;&#37327;&#20272;&#31639;
Authors:Yang, Xuefeng (1, 2); Zan, Mei (1, 2); Maimaiti, Munire (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi; 830054, China; (2) Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Urumqi; 830054, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:77-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Currently, there is still some limitations on the Above Ground Biomass(AGB) of forest using spectral information from remote sensing technology. In this study, taking Populus euphratica forest in the lower reaches of Tarim River as an example, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) low altitude remote sensing and Very High-Resolution(VHR) satellite remote sensing were used to estimate the forest AGB using forest structure information. Some more advanced UAV and image segmentation techniques were used to improve the accuracy of crown diameter, thereby to improve the accuracy of AGB estimation in the future. The AGB of Populous euphratica was divided into trunk biomass and crown biomass. An allometric equation was used to calculate with the parameters of tree height, Diameter at Breast Height(DBH), and crown diameter. The actual procedure was as follows: Digital Surface Model(DSM) and Digital Terrain Model(DTM) were firstly obtained using UAV oblique photogrammetry and Geographic Information System(GIS) interpolation, together with the Canopy Height Model(CHM). Secondly, an Object-Oriented Image Analysis(OBIA) was used to acquire the tree height and crown diameter. Finally, an allometric equation was used to calculate the AGB by UAV measured data. The VHR WorldView-2(WV2) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) image was calculated by the OBIA and GIS overlay technologies, thereby to extract the crown diameter as result. Specifically, the WV2 tree height was obtained from the regression model that built between 32 general features and UAV-measured tree height. The AGB by WV2 measured was calculated using an allometric equation. A comparison of UAV- and field-measured data showed that: The coefficients of determination(R²) of crown diameter, height, density, and AGB were 0.783, 0.866, 0.941 and 0.816, respectively. A high goodness-of-fit was also proved that the UAV-measurement can be expected to replace the field-measurent in plot size. Tree height from the WV2-measured was overestimated by 2.2%-3.2%, resulting in the trunk biomass was higher by 10%-13%, compared with the UAV-measured data. The crown diameter of WV2-measured was significantly overestimated by 27%-30%, resulting in the canopy biomass was overestimated by 58%-71%. Therefore, the density was underestimated by 1.8%-6.5%. The AGB of WV2-measured was overestimated by 22%-26%, compared with the UAV-measured data, where the error mainly came from the canopy biomass. A comparison of WV2- and UAV-measured data on the four scale grid size of 30 to 250 m showed that the R² of crown diameter, height, density, and AGB increased with the increasing of statistical grid size, whereas, the R² of AGB was 0.851 at the scale of 100 m, which was usually used as a AGB statistical standard size. The forest structure information can be obtained by the VHR remote sensing through the OBIA with the support of UAV-measured data, and a good AGB accuracy can be obtained on a coarse scale. The linear regression models were established between AGB and crown diameter, height, density obtained by the UAV- and WV2-measured data. The coefficients of tree density and tree height were larger than those of crown diameter, indicating that tree density and tree height were the most important factors affecting the AGB on four scales, while the crown diameter has the least effect. There was an increasing trend in the influence of density, whereas a decreasing trend in the effect of tree height, with the increase of statistical grid size.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Antennas - Biomass - Geographic information systems - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Diameter-at-breast heights - Digital surface models - Linear regression models - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object-oriented image analysis - Remote sensing technology - Satellite remote sensing - Segmentation techniques
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00% to 6.50e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+00% to 3.20e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+01% to 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01% to 7.10e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 3.00e+01m to 2.50e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20211510212910
Title:Extraction of citrus crown parameters using UAV platform
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#24179;&#21488;&#30340;&#26577;&#27224;&#26641;&#20896;&#20449;&#24687;&#25552;&#21462;
Authors:Shu, Meiyan (1); Li, Shilin (1); Wei, Jiaxi (1); Che, Yingpu (1); Li, Baoguo (1); Ma, Yuntao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yuntao(yuntao.ma@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:68-76
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Citrus fruit, one of the most important economic crops, is playing an important role in the industrial development of modern agriculture in rural China. However, the management mode of most orchards in China is currently undeveloped and extensive, particularly with high dependence on labor force, as well as insufficient scientific and technological support. In recent years, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) monitoring technology has become a significant way to quickly extract the structural parameters in the growth of field crops at the park scale, due to its flexibility, low cost, and high resolution imaging. This study aims to construct a monitoring system for the citrus canopy structure and nutrition information using the UAV digital and multi-spectral remote sensing, to get he with the single tree segmentation. The UAV digital images and watershed algorithm were used to segment the structural dataset of citrus canopy, and then the canopy height model of citrus trees was established to extract the plant height using digital surface module. Structural parameters were also calculated, such as the number of citrus trees, and canopy projection area at the park scale. In addition, the UAV multispectral images were used to obtain eight common vegetation indexes, thereby to predict the nitrogen content of canopy in the citrus trees. The whole subset analysis was used to screen the sensitive vegetation index for the nitrogen content of canopy in the citrus trees. The inversion model of canopy nitrogen was constructed using the multiple linear regression. The remote sensing mapping was carried out to estimate the nitrogen content of citrus canopy in park scale. The results showed that: 1) Since the planting density of fruit trees was low in the experimental area, there was a certain distance between trees that can be clearly distinguished. The watershed image processing was selected to segment the single tree of height model for a citrus canopy. The overall identification accuracy, recall rate, and F value of the fruit trees were above 93.6%, 95.8%, and 94.7%, respectively, indicating that the model was well suitable to monitor the number of fruit trees in the park. 2) The canopy structure parameters of individual fruit trees were obtained in the individual tree segmentation. There was a strong correlation between the plant height of citrus trees extracted by the canopy height model and the measured value, where the R²=0.87, and RMSE=31.9 cm. 3) Using the watershed segmentation, the extracted projection area of crown width per plant achieved a high correlation with the artificial sketching area. The coefficient of determination was more than 0.93 in most cases, except that of orchard A lower than 0.78 in December. Meanwhile, the extraction accuracy of the model depended greatly on the single tree segmentation. 4) In full subset analysis, the sensitive vegetation indexes were selected to determine the nitrogen content of citrus canopy, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Structure Insensitive Pigment Index (SIPI), where the R² and RMSE of the model were 0.82 and 0.22%, respectively. The data demonstrated that the nitrogen content of most fruit trees in orchard B was in the suitable range, while there was excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in orchard A. Therefore, the UAV technology can greatly contribute to extract the physical and chemical parameters of citrus canopy, further to improve the level of accurate management of citrus on the large-scale orchard.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Crops - Extraction - Forestry - Image segmentation - Linear regression - Nitrogen fertilizers - Orchards - Remote sensing  - Trees (mathematics) - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Green normalized difference vegetation index - High-resolution imaging - Identification accuracy - Monitoring technologies - Multiple linear regressions - Normalized difference vegetation index - Physical and chemical parameters
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.4  Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.20e-01%, Percentage 8.20e-01%, Percentage 9.36e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20211510213059
Title:Hyperspectral estimation of organic matter in red soil using different convolutional neural network models
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#19981;&#21516;&#21367;&#31215;&#31070;&#32463;&#32593;&#32476;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#32418;&#22756;&#26377;&#26426;&#36136;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#20272;&#31639;
Authors:Zhong, Liang (1, 2); Guo, Xi (1, 2); Guo, Jiaxin (1, 2); Xu, Zhe (1, 2); Zhu, Qing (1, 2); Ding, Meng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang; 330045, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Watershed Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330045, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xi(xig435@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:203-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Deep learning represented by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) has been increasing rapidly in recent years, due to its powerful feature learning for computer vision and natural language processing. But there are few studies in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing in soil. Therefore, this study aims to estimate Soil Organic Matter (SOM) using hyperspectral images in small sample dataset, thereby to investigate the modeling effects of different network structures. A total of 248 red soil samples were collected from the northern Fengxin county, Jiangxi province, China. A geospectrometer was used to capture the spectral data. The original spectral data was resampled at 10 nm intervals, after removing the edge bands of 350-399 nm and 2 451-2 500 nm with a low signal-to-noise ratio. A total of 205 original spectral bands and their derivative transformation were obtained as input data, while the SOM content as output data of the model. Firstly, the modeling effects of CNN were compared, such as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) under different spectral pretreatments. Five CNN structures were established, including the earliest LeNet-5, AlexNet-8 with large convolutional core, VGGNet-7 with small convolutional core, GoogLeNet-7 with inception structure, and ResNet-13 with residual learning, particularly on the modeling effects of VGGNet model at five depths. Secondly, all models were evaluated using random deactivation (Dropout) and early stopping to prevent overfitting of the model by three indicators: decision coefficient (R²), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Relative Analytical Error (RPD). Finally, the black box of CNN model was explained. The results showed that: 1) Due to the strong capability of feature learning in CNN models, the RPD of each CNN model in the validation set was greater than 2.5 in the case of the original spectral data, indicating excellent prediction capability and a better way to predict SOM content using hyperspectral images. 2) In the comparison of different network structures, an optimal model was determined in the network structures of LeNet-5 and VGGNet-7 with small convolutional nuclei, step length, and pooling range of hyper parameters, although the later GoogLeNet-7 and ResNet-13 both incorporated special structures. Therefore, the setting of some hyper parameters in the CNN model can be more critical than the network structure. In different depths, the model was prone to overfitting and unstable, as the network depth increased, where the shallow CNN structure was better than the deep one. 3) An optimal model was achieved in the VGGNet-7 network structure with the excellent model estimation power: R² was 0.895 and RMSE was 4.145 g/kg on the training set, while R² was 0.901, RMSE was 4.647 g/kg and RPD was 3.291 on the verification set. 4) The wavelengths of 680, 1 360, 1 390, 1 920, 2 310 nm and its vicinities were the important for SOM and they were extracted from the process of VGGNet-7 model establishment. The CNN can be expected for very broad application prospects, due to its simple spectral pre-processing, and feasibility in small samples of soil hyperspectral remote sensing. Therefore, the VGGNet-7 can be applied to the red soil area for rapid and accurate estimation of SOM content using hyperspectral data.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Convolution - Decision trees - Deep learning - Learning systems - Mean square error - Metadata - Multilayer neural networks - Natural language processing systems - Organic compounds  - Remote sensing - Self organizing maps - Signal to noise ratio - Soils - Spectroscopy - Structural optimization - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate estimation - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Low signal-to-noise ratio - Multi layer perceptron - NAtural language processing - Prediction capability - Root mean square errors - Soil organic matters
Classification code:481.2  Geochemistry - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e-08m, Size 2.31e-06m, Size 2.45e-06m to 2.50e-06m, Size 3.50e-07m to 3.99e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20211510213083
Title:Laboratory and field erosion differences under rainfall on Loessal slope in Western Shanxi, China
Title of translation:&#38477;&#38632;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#26187;&#35199;&#40644;&#32501;&#22303;&#22369;&#38754;&#23460;&#20869;&#22806;&#24452;&#27969;&#20405;&#34432;&#35797;&#39564;&#24046;&#24322;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Fu, Xingtao (1); Wang, Qihua (1); Wang, Jinzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Shanxi Province, Taiyuan; 310045, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:116-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil erosion modulus from laboratory modeling is often used to predict soil and water loss for a specific area in the field. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the erosion difference between laboratory and field simulation under various intensities of rainfall and areas on a loessal slope in western Shanxi, China. An emphasis was placed on the laboratory modeling and in-situ simulated rainfall events in the field. A systematic analysis was made on runoff modulus, erosion modulus, sediment discharge of unit width and rill development between laboratory and field. The intensities of simulated rainfall were set as 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 mm/h, combined with natural rainfall events in the study region. A coefficient of uniformity above 85% was, considered in the simulated rainfall, similar to the raindrop distribution and size in the natural rainfall. Calibration of rainfall intensities was conducted at the beginning of each experiment. In the field, the runoff/erosion catchment plots were established in the size of 2, 3, 4, 5 m (length) and 2 m (width) in Wangjiagou small watershed in western Shanxi, while in the laboratory, that in the size of 2, 3, 4, 5 m (length) and 0.5 m (width) in the Taiyuan University of Technology. The soil surface was bare, where the soil type was loessal, and the slope gradient was 20&deg;. Initial water content of soil was determined all the same in simulated experiments. Each rainfall event was repeated two times. The period from the rainfall beginning to runoff occurrence was recorded as "runoff occurrence time" during each rainfall event, where the duration of each rainfall simulation was 30 min from the appearance of runoff. All samples of runoff and sediment were collected in the polyethylene bottles with the volume of 1 L at the bottom end of the plot at 2 min intervals, as the final runoff volume and sediment yield. The erosion modulus and runoff modulus were analyzed with the rainfall intensity and area, in the field and laboratory, indicating significant correlation between rainfall intensity (slope length) and sediment yield. Rill morphology and sediment discharge of unit width were further measured to explore difference between field and laboratory. The results showed that laboratory measurements were greater than those of field in-situ simulation. When the slope area of field was 4 times that of the laboratory, the runoff and sediment yield were not 4 times, where the larger the area was, the smaller the ratio of erosion was, indicating that the amount of soil erosion in the field cannot be predicted simply by the laboratory measurements. The rainfall intensity had also greater impact on the runoff erosion than the area. Under the same rainfall condition, the rill was more likely to occur on the laboratory slope surface, and more developed than on the field, which was more inclined to cut rill deep to enhance the runoff erosion force of laboratory slope. Under certain rainfall intensity and slope length conditions, the mass flux tended to be stable after the first peak at the 10-14 min in the field, while the peak appeared at 4 min in the laboratory, where the value was 1.58-10.40 times of that in the field. It showed that the sediment discharge of unit width and its fluctuation in laboratory were higher than that in the field, and the response time was shorter.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Catchments - Erosion - Morphology - Research laboratories - Runoff - Sediments - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Initial water contents - Laboratory measurements - Rainfall simulations - Runoff and sediment yields - Runoff and sediments - Simulated experiments - Soil and water loss - Soil erosion modulus
Classification code:442.1  Flood Control - 443.3  Precipitation - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 901.3  Engineering Research - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Time 1.20e+02s, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 2.40e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s to 8.40e+02s, Volume 1.00e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20211510212904
Title:Design and experiment of high-speed sparse transplanting mechanism for hydroponics pot seedlings in greenhouses
Title of translation:&#28201;&#23460;&#27700;&#22521;&#21494;&#33756;&#39640;&#36895;&#31232;&#26893;&#26426;&#26500;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Tong, Junhua (1, 3); Meng, Qingxin (1); Gu, Song (2); Wu, Chuanyu (1, 3); Ma, Ke (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Chuanyu(cywu@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Leafy vegetable cultivation with culture solution has become a promising new type of planting technology for the vegetable production in a green house. In processing, the seedlings of plugs need to be taken out from the float trays, and transplanted into the cultivation trough. However, a hand transplanting of seedlings is a major traditional operation with high labor intensity and low efficiency. In this study, a novel high-speed mechanism was designed with multiple end effectors for the sparse transplanting of hydroponics seedlings in greenhouses. Specifically, the operations of picking can realize for the whole row seedlings in the float trays, while plant the seedlings in parallel with variable intervals in the cultivation troughs, particularly with high level automation, and great quality. The test platform of sparse transplanting mechanism was composed of three parts: the sparse transplanting component with multiple end effectors, transportation component of seedling tray, and cultivation trough. The sparse transplanting component with multiple end effectors was utilized to transplant the seedlings to empty cultivation trough, connecting the transportation component of seedling tray and cultivation trough. Concurrently, the transportation component of seedling tray was used to convey the seedlings. The transportation component of cultivation trough was used to convey the empty cultivation trough. A systematic optimization was made for the transplanting mechanism, thereby to obtain the best transplanting effect under the combination optimal parameters. In the transplanting mechanism, a rigid cloth belt was adopted to connect the series of needle-type multiple end effectors for equal separation. An elastic belt was also added to alleviate the unequal velocity that resulted from the variable interval process. The collision simulation of multiple end effectors mechanism was conducted on the ADMS software, indicating a large impact force occurred at the end of cylinder. In order to cushion the movement impact, the hydraulic shock absorbers were installed at the end positions of multiple end effectors in the vertical and horizontal directions. The penetration angle and picking seedling depth were determined for the plug seedlings of leafy vegetable, according to the impact factors of transplanting mechanism. Five impact factors of transplanting effect included the belt elastic coefficient(K), average horizontal velocity(v<inf>1</inf>), absorption energy of oil buffer at the horizontal end(N<inf>1</inf>), average velocity in the vertical direction(v<inf>2</inf>)<inf>, </inf> and absorption energy of oil buffer at the vertical end(N<inf>2</inf>). An orthogonal test was conducted on the factors in each group. It was found that the transplanting efficiency and transplanting success rate were inversely proportional, K, as well as v<inf>1</inf>, N<inf>1</inf> had a great impact on the transplanting success rate of seedlings. A combination of optimal mechanism parameter was obtained through analysis of variance: K=0.128 N/m, v<inf>1</inf>=0.49 m/s, v<inf>2</inf>=0.74 m/s, N<inf>1</inf>=6 J, and N<inf>2</inf>=15 J. In this case, the better performance can be achieved for the sparse transplanting operating component with multiple end effectors. The transplantation efficiency was 3 956 plants/h, and the transplantation success rate reached 96.7%. This mechanism can meet the actual production requirements of high-efficiency sparse transplanting.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Belts - Computer software - End effectors - Greenhouses - Shock absorbers - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption energies - Elastic coefficient - Hydraulic shock absorber - Operating components - Production requirements - Systematic optimization - Transplanting mechanisms - Vegetable productions
Classification code:602.1  Mechanical Drives - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.5  Robotics - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.67e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20211510212905
Title:Performance analysis of axial compressive behavior for precast steel plate-concrete composite silo wall of underground silo
Title of translation:&#35013;&#37197;&#24335;&#22320;&#19979;&#31918;&#20179;&#38050;&#26495;-&#28151;&#20957;&#22303;&#32452;&#21512;&#20179;&#22721;&#36724;&#21387;&#21463;&#21147;&#24615;&#33021;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wang, Zhenqing (1); Hou, Zhilong (1); Zhang, Qingzhang (1); Chuai, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Qingzhang(zqz313@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:59-67
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An underground silo is essential to green grain storage, due to its low temperature, low land consumption, energy conservation, and environmental protection. A new underground silo was proposed in combination with the prefabricated technology and combined structure technology in the engineering practice. In this study, a finite element model of steel plate-concrete composite silo wall containing stud was established on the ABAQUS software, in order to explore the compressive properties of assembled underground silo using the full-scale axial compression test. A nonlinear finite element model of silo wall specimen was also established, concurrently considering the plastic damage of concrete and the elastoplasticity of steel plate. A simulation was performed on the whole loading process of specimens, thereby to analyze the mechanical properties and working mechanism. Various parameters were determined, such as the steel plate strength, concrete strength, and distance thickness ratio. The results showed that: The finite element simulation was in good agreement with the test. Moreover, the relative difference of axial deformation between the simulated and experimental value was 4.2% at 5 000 kN, indicating an applicable finite element model. The precast block concrete and the joint sealing-up steel plate could bear the load of 79.7%, and 50.9%, respectively, during the elastic stage. The peak load depended mainly on the precast concrete of silo wall and the load transfer of steel plates. There was more load in the sealing-up steel plate at the joint position after reaching the peak load. As such, strengthening the sealing-up steel plate can be used to improve the ductility of the specimen. There was the greatest influence of concrete strength on the initial stiffness and the ultimate bearing capacity of specimens, compared with the strength of steel plate, the distance thickness ratio, and sealing-up steel plate thickness. The regression coefficient of concrete strength, steel plate strength, distance thickness ratio, and sealing-up steel plate thickness to peak load were 0.910, 0.154, -0.005, and 0.301, respectively. The specimens were prone to brittle failure, due to the small strength and thickness of sealing-up steel plate. Two curves of load-deformation model were proposed in combination with the load-deformation curves for the silo wall specimens with the assembled steel plate-concrete composite under the various parameters. Furthermore, the simplified formula was also proposed for the axial peak load of the assembled steel plate-concrete composite silo wall. The relative difference of peak loads obtained by the calculation formula and the finite element method was not more than 9%, indicating high accuracy of calculation. The research findings can provide potential guidance for the engineering design of prefabricated underground silo wall.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Compression testing - Concrete blocks - Deformation - Finite element method - Plates (structural components) - Precast concrete - Software testing - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Compressive properties - Engineering practices - Finite element simulations - Load-deformation curves - Non-linear finite element model - Regression coefficient - Steel plate-concrete composite - Ultimate bearing capacity
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 5.00e+06N, Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 5.09e+01%, Percentage 7.97e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20211510213726
Title:Regional characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution of cultivated land change in China during 2009-2018
Title of translation:&#36817;10&#24180;&#20013;&#22269;&#32789;&#22320;&#21464;&#21270;&#30340;&#21306;&#22495;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#28436;&#21464;&#24577;&#21183;
Authors:Yuan, Chengcheng (1); Zhang, Dingxiang (2); Liu, Liming (1); Ye, Jinwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Liming(liulm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:267-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A contradiction has become greatly acute between the limited cultivated land resources and the ever-increasing expansion of construction and ecological land with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization in China. It is necessary to explore the regional characteristics and change trend of cultivated land for national food security. According to the 2009-2018 land survey grid data, this study aims to investigate the temporal and spatial changes of cultivated land in China in the past 10 years from the aspects of quantity, space and site conditions with the aid of GIS spatial analysis, and mathematical index models. In terms of the quantity change of cultivated land, the index of the dynamic degree model and the relative change rate were used to characterize the range and regional difference of cultivated land change. In terms of the spatial change of cultivated land, the index of change aggregation was introduced to indicate whether the types of cultivated land change were agglomeration. In addition, the index of spatial change rate was introduced to estimate the intensity of spatial change in the regional cultivated land. In terms of farmland site conditions, the average altitude of cultivated land and the distance between cultivated land and city were usually used to represent indirectly the quality change of cultivated land. The results showed that: 1) The amount of cultivated land in China was generally stable from 2009 to 2018, but there was quite difference in the regional areas. The cultivated land decreased by 393 700 hm² in the country, with a reduction rate of 0.29%. Specifically, Shandong, Hubei and Liaoning decreased the most, whereas, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Guangdong increased the most. 2) In the past 10 years, the changing pattern of cultivated land at the city level in China has shown a central belt along the "Harbin-Zhengzhou-Kunming" line. The reduction in the central zone was basically the same as the national reduction, whereas, the reduction in the eastern part of the central zone was similar to the increase in the western part. The reduced areas with high average dynamics of cultivated land were mainly distributed in provincial capitals and key cities, whereas, the increased areas were mostly located in the southern hilly areas. 3) The spatial change rate of cultivated land was relatively high in the northern part of the of Middle and Lower Reaches Yangtze River Plain, the Huanghuaihai Plain, and the Sichuan Basin, indicating that great efforts were needed to adjust the spatial layout of cultivated land. However, the net increase in total was not large in the city, combined with the change characteristics in the number of cultivated land. 4) The reduced cultivated land in China was mainly distributed within 30 km from the center of major cities, while the increase mainly occurred in the areas 40 km away from the center of the city. As such, the country can be divided into three types of functional regions, according to the location of a buffer zone. Combined with the quantity and spatial change, it was found that the average altitude of cultivated land increased significantly in Shizuishan, Jiayuguan, Altay, Ili, Alxa, Hotan, Yan'an, Ya'an, Yulin, Zhangjiakou, Lishui and Quanzhou, indicating a more serious "uphill" phenomenon of cultivated land in these areas. The results show that it is necessary to improve the precise positioning of natural resource management and the ability to implement targeted and differentiated policies based on the dynamic identification of "hot spots" of cultivated land changes in the future.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Food supply - Land use - Natural resources management
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic identification - Mathematical indexes - Natural resource management - Precise positioning - Regional characteristics - Regional differences - Spatial-temporal distribution - Temporal and spatial changes
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1  Geology - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Percentage 2.90e-01%, Size 3.00e+04m, Size 4.00e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20211510212907
Title:Experimental study on pressure vibration characteristics of mixed-flow pump during start-up
Title of translation:&#28151;&#27969;&#27893;&#21551;&#21160;&#36807;&#31243;&#21387;&#21147;&#33033;&#21160;&#29305;&#24615;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Li, Wei (1); Lu, Dele (1); Ma, Lingling (1); Ji, Leilei (1); Wu, Pu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:44-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Quick start has become an inevitable requirement for pumps in many application fields. However, abnormal transient pressure and pulsation characteristics can cause start-up failures, and even safety accidents. In this study, a measurement system was established for the transient external characteristics and pressure pulsation during the start-up of mixed flow pump, in order to clarify the transient starting law of mixed flow pump. An investigation was made to explore the time-frequency characteristics of transient pressure pulsation under various start-up acceleration and flow rate, thereby analyzing the time-frequency evolution of starting process. A frequency converter was used to set the start-up time. The LWGY-250 turbine flowmeter and MPM480 pressure sensor were used to measure the transient flow and transient pressure, respectively. The wavelet transform was selected to analyze the non-stationary pressure pulsation signal during the start-up process. The results showed that the flow and head curves were approximately divided into 3 stages: a slow rise, a rapid rise, and slow flat, as the rotating speed increased during the start-up process, where the duration of 3 stages was negatively correlated with the start-up acceleration. The head curve dropped slowly and stabilized after a rapid rise until the impact head. In addition, the increase of starting acceleration had a positive stimulating effect on the external characteristics of speed, flow, and head. The pressure shock was normally caused by the angular acceleration and low-condition operation, which were related to the flow rate and start-up acceleration at the moment of the end of start-up. There was more significant pressure shock as the starting time decreased when the flow rate was constant. The inlet pressure shock weakened gradually or even disappeared, but there was a more obvious pressure shock between the middle of impeller and the outlet, as the flow rate increased, when the starting time was fixed. When the start-up time was 1 s and the stable working condition was 1.2Q, the maximum impact pressure at the middle of the impeller and the outlet can reach 37 and 28 kPa, respectively. In high start-up acceleration, the flow rate had no effect on the transient pressure change during start-up process, whereas, there was an obvious effect of flow rate on the pressure change after the end of start-up. The pressure difference between 2 types of flow rate increased in the middle of impeller reached 30 kPa when the pressure tended to be stable. In low start-up acceleration, the effect of flow rate on the starting characteristics was significantly reflected in the start-up process. The pressure difference between the middle and the outlet of impeller reached 15 kPa at the end of the start. The main frequency of impeller was the blade frequency and its multiplier during the start-up process. Moreover, the evolution trend of main frequency was consistent with the changing trend of rotating speed. There was a maximum amplitude of main frequency caused by the pressure shock at the end of the start under the fast start condition. The findings can provide sound references to reveal the transient operating characteristics for the optimization design of transient working pumps.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Flow rate
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Impellers - Rotating machinery - Wavelet transforms
Uncontrolled terms:Angular acceleration - External characteristic - Pressure differences - Starting characteristic - Time frequency characteristics - Time frequency evolution - Transient operating characteristic - Vibration characteristics
Classification code:601.1  Mechanical Devices - 601.2  Machine Components - 631  Fluid Flow - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.50e+04Pa, Pressure 2.80e+04Pa, Pressure 3.00e+04Pa, Pressure 3.70e+04Pa, Time 1.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20211510213284
Title:Soil physical properties and vertical distribution of root systems affected by tillage methods in black soil slope farmlands in Northeast China
Title of translation:&#32789;&#20316;&#26041;&#24335;&#23545;&#19996;&#21271;&#40657;&#22303;&#22369;&#32789;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756;&#29289;&#29702;&#24615;&#29366;&#21450;&#26681;&#31995;&#22402;&#30452;&#20998;&#24067;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Yan, Lei (1); La, Yuepeng (1); Dong, Tianhao (1); Liu, Mingyi (1); Sun, Xiaohe (1); Meng, Qingyao (1); Zhang, Yuying (1); Zhang, Naiwen (1); Meng, Qingfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Qingfeng(qfengmeng@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:125-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Slope farmland is the main type of farmland in the black soil region of northeastern China, accounting for about 60% in total. Currently, long-term high intensity utilization and irrational farming have led to the deterioration of soil physical properties, particularly on the gentle and long slope. However, it is still unclear on the effect of different tillage on the soil physical properties of slope positions. In this study, a four-year field experiment was conducted at the Xiangyang experimental base of Northeast Agricultural University, in order to clarify the impact of farming modes on the vertical distribution of maize roots, and the soil physical properties in the slope farmland of thin black soil in Northeast of China. Two farming treatments were set as No-Tillage (NT) and Conventional Tillage (CT). The slopes were divided longitudinally into three positions from high to low according to the altitude: upper, middle, and lower layer. Each treatment was repeated three times. The particle size distribution of soil water-stable aggregates was obtained at different slope positions. The indicators were measured, including the stability of water-stable aggregates, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil penetration resistance, and the distribution of vertical depth in root systems. The results showed that: 1) Compared with NT, the CT significantly increased the soil porosity of 0-20 cm soil layer, and the main distribution depth of maize roots, the vertical direction (P&lt; 0.05), while significantly reduced the soil layer of 0-20 cm soil bulk density, and soil penetration resistance of 10-20 cm soil layer (P&lt; 0.05). 2) Compared with NT, the CT significantly reduced the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 5 mm (P&lt; 0.05), with an average reduction of 59.1%, and the mean weight diameter of soil water-stable aggregates led to the deterioration of soil structure, but increased the content of water-stable aggregates of 1-2 mm. 3) In the CT treatment, the middle and lower slope were better than the upper slope, according to the evaluation on the influence of slope position on the soil porosity, the content of water-stable aggregates larger than 5 mm, and the mean weight diameter. The NT effectively increased the content of water-stable aggregates stability larger than 5 mm in the upper slope soil, and the structural stability in the upper slope soil, thereby to improve the physical properties of the soil. 4) Correlation and regression analysis showed that the plowing can contribute to increase the content of 1-2 mm water-stable aggregates, soil porosity, and the vertical distribution depth of roots, while reduce the soil penetration resistance, the grain size greater than 5 mm the water-stable aggregate content, and the stability of soil structures. The results of the study demonstrated that the plowing can effectively improve the soil compaction and the rooting systems, while lead to the deterioration of soil structure on the slope. Therefore, it is recommended to take conservation measures of water and soil on the upper slope, in order to reduce the soil erosion of slope farmland in the thin black soil area of the Northeast China.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Deterioration - Farms - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Plants (botany) - Porosity - Slope stability  - Soil conservation - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Structural properties
Uncontrolled terms:Conservation measures - Correlation and regression analysis - Soil penetration resistance - Soil physical property - Soil water-stable aggregates - Structural stabilities - Vertical distributions - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406  Highway Engineering - 406.2  Roads and Streets - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.91e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-03m to 2.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20211510212913
Title:Effects of planting patterns on the lodging resistance characteristics and yield of winter wheat with delaying irrigation at the jointing stage
Title of translation:&#25512;&#36831;&#28748;&#25300;&#33410;&#27700;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#31181;&#26893;&#27169;&#24335;&#23545;&#20908;&#23567;&#40614;&#25239;&#20498;&#20239;&#29305;&#24615;&#21644;&#20135;&#37327;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Zhongqiu (1); Xu, Hanghang (1); Zhang, Haonan (1, 2); Wu, Hao (1); Li, Quanqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Yi-shu River Administration, Shu River Administration, Linyi; 276001, China
Corresponding author:Li, Quanqi(quanqili@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:101-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Winter wheat is the primary cropping system in grain production in the North China Plain. In this study, two planting patterns were applied, including the precision planting pattern (W) and conventional cultivation planting pattern (C), in order to clarify the effect of different planting pattern on lodging resistance of winter wheat with delaying irrigation at the jointing stage. In each planting pattern, the winter wheat was irrigated with 60 mm at the jointing stage (I1), and delaying irrigation 60 mm for 10 d at the jointing stage (I2). The main physical indexes of winter wheat stalk were measured, including the plant height, gravity center height, and fresh weight, as well as the diameter, fresh density, and the wall thickness of the basic secondary internode. A systematic investigation was made on the internode mechanical indexes, such as the bending resistance and bending rigidity of basic secondary internode, lodging resistance index, the creep deformation in the basic secondary internode of winter wheat at heading, filling and dough growth stage. The planting pattern and irrigation schedule were explored for comprehensive optimization on the lodging resistance of winter wheat. The results showed that there was a significant trend to improve the bending resistance strength in the basic secondary internode, and the bending rigidity significantly increased at the heading stage under the wide precision planting pattern with delaying irrigation at the jointing stage. However, the bending resistance strength and bending rigidity in the basic secondary internode, and the fresh weight were significantly reduced at the dough stage in this treatment. The wide precision planting pattern with delaying irrigation at the jointing stage significantly increased the lodging resistance index at the heading stage, and thereby improved the lodging resistance index at the dough stage, where the average lodging resistance index at the heading, filling, and waxing stage were 2.03, 1.58 and 1.87 N/(m&bull;g), respectively. The basic secondary internode of winter wheat had creep characteristics under the proportional load less than its ultimate bending resistance strength. Specifically, the average maximum of creep strain was the highest at the heading stage, and it was still large at the filling stage under the wide precision planting pattern with delaying irrigation at the jointing stage. All of mechanical behavior was in the transition from the deceleration to stable creep stage, where the maximum creep strain ranged from 0.6%-3.7%, and the average maximum of creep strain ranged from 0.7%-2.5%. Combined with the lodging resistance index and creep test, the lodging resistance of winter wheat was the best under the condition of wide precision planting pattern with delaying irrigation for 10 d at the jointing stage. The findings can provide a promising theoretical basis and technical support for water saving and high yield of winter wheat in North China Plain.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Creep resistance
Controlled terms:Bending (deformation) - Bending strength - Creep - Crops - Filling - Irrigation - Rigidity - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive optimizations - Conventional cultivations - Creep characteristics - Creep deformations - Irrigation schedule - Lodging resistance - Mechanical behavior - Mechanical indexes
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e-01% to 3.70e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 2.50e+00%, Size 6.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20211510212909
Title:Mechanism of restraining maize stalk block springback under pressure maintenance/strain maintenance
Title of translation:&#20445;&#21387;/&#20445;&#22411;&#25233;&#21046;&#21387;&#21518;&#20999;&#30862;&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#22359;&#22238;&#24377;&#26426;&#29702;
Authors:Chen, Tianyou (1, 2); Jia, Honglei (1, 2); Li, Mingwei (1, 2); Zhao, Jiale (1, 2); Deng, Jiayu (1, 2, 3); Fu, Jun (1, 2); Yuan, Hongfang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (3) College of Mechanical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Petroleum, Harbin; 150028, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Hongfang(yhf1984828@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:51-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Chopped corn straw with a low density needs to be compressed and compacted, thereby improving the utilization rate of straw for transportation, storage, and subsequent utilization. However, the chopped corn straw is viscoelastic materials that can rebound to a large extent after compression, which can affect the compression effect. Previous studies reported that the pressure and strain maintenance can effectively reduce the rebound of straw after compression, but a specific mechanism in detail is lacking to clarify the confusion in practice. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of pressure and strain maintenance how to inhibit the rebound of straw after compression, optimize the straw compression process, and further improve the dimensional stability of straw block after compression. Taking the chopped corn straw as the test material, a compression test was carried out to investigate the effects of pressure and strain maintenance characteristics on the dimensional stability of straw blocks under various compression conditions, such as the moisture content, the maximum compression stress, and feeding mass. The results showed that both pressure and strain maintenance significantly increased the dimensional stability coefficient of straw after compression, but there were different mechanisms for restraining the rebound of straw. A mechanism of pressure maintenance resistance to the rebound of straw: The relative rebound displacement was reduced whether to increase the compression shift or to reduce the rebound displacement, thereby increasing the dimensional stability coefficient of compressed straw. The essence was to maintain a certain pressure to further compress the straw, where the viscoelastic strain in the compressed straw was under high pressure. In this situation, the irreversible strain increased in the compressed straw. The strain maintenance reduced the residual stress in straw after compression, where the relaxation rate after 30 s of strain maintenance was more than 30%, and the relaxation rate after 150 s of strain maintenance was about 40%, indicating that the relaxation rate in the first 30 s accounted for 80% of the 150 s relaxation rate in total. A mechanism of strain maintenance was obtained to inhibit the rebound of straw after compression. It was essential to reduce the viscoelastic stress in the straw block after compression. Specifically, a feasible way is to relax the viscoelastic resilience for the reduction of strain in straw, thereby increasing the dimensional stability coefficient of straw after compression. A comparison was made on the effects of pressure and strain maintenance on the stability under various compression conditions. In the chopped corn straw, the pressure maintenance for 150 s increased the dimensional stability coefficient of the compressed straw by 1.52 percent point-4.26 percent point, whereas, the strain maintenance for 150 s increased by 4.36 percent point -6.78 percent point. Both stabilization processes significantly inhibit the rebound of compressed straw, but under the same compression condition, there was always a better effect of strain maintenance than pressure maintenance. The finding can provide an sound reference for the pressing molding for other biomass and straw with small particle size. The results of this study can also offer an essential basis on the development of technology and equipment for the compression baling and cold pressing molding of chopped corn stalk.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Compression molding
Controlled terms:Compression testing - Dimensional stability - Maintenance - Particle size - Viscoelasticity
Uncontrolled terms:Compression effects - Different mechanisms - Irreversible strain - Pressure maintenance - Small particle size - Stabilization process - Technology and equipments - Visco-elastic material
Classification code:913.5  Maintenance - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -6.78e+00%, Percentage 1.52e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.36e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Time 1.50e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20211510213818
Title:Effects of oxygen and nitrogen coupled irrigation on soil fertility and bacterial community under greenhouse pepper cropping system
Title of translation:&#27700;&#27694;&#32806;&#21512;&#27687;&#28748;&#23545;&#28201;&#23460;&#36771;&#26898;&#22303;&#22756;&#32933;&#21147;&#21450;&#32454;&#33740;&#32676;&#33853;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Lei, Hongjun (1); Xiao, Zheyuan (1); Zhang, Zhenhua (2); Jin, Cuicui (1); Pan, Hongwei (1); Sun, Keping (1); Xi, Haipeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai; 264039, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:158-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Relationship between soil aeration, soil fertility and bacterial community structure was less known so far, particularly under the oxygen and nitrogen coupled irrigation. In this study, a three-factor randomized block experiment was designed with two levels of nitrogen application rate as 225 and 300 kg/hm², two aeration levels of air void fraction as 15% and 0, and two levels of irrigation amount of 0.6 and 0.9 times of crop/pan coefficient on the experimental farm of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (34&deg;47'5.91&Prime;N, 113&deg;47'20.15&Prime;E), Henan province, China. Taking the greenhouse pepper as test crop, a high-throughput 16S genome sequencing technique was used to investigate the effects of oxyfertigation on soil aeration, soil chemical index, and soil bacterial community in the rhizosphere. The results showed that the oxyfertigation improved significantly the soil aeration, fertility, rhizosphere soil bacterial diversity, and community structure. Compared with non-aeration treatment, the soil dissolve oxygen, soil respiration, and soil redox potential in the treatments of 300 kg/hm², 15% air void fraction, 0.6 and 0.9 times of crop/pan coefficient increased by 16.73%, 38.78%, 26.04% and 18.58%, 46.58%, 29.09%, respectively on the 3^th day after irrigation at fruit expanding period (P&lt; 0.05). Compared with the non-aeration treatments, the average soil dissolve organic carbon, nitrate content increased by 26.40%, 28.22% under the treatments of 225 kg/hm² nitrogen rate, 15% air void fraction, 0.6 times of crop/pan coefficient, while increased by 19.67%, 18.46% under 225 kg/hm² nitrogen rate, 15% air void fraction, 0.9 times of crop/pan coefficient (P&lt; 0.05), respectively. Compared with the non-aeration treatments (P&lt; 0.05), the average soil dissolved organic carbon, nitrate increased by 20.38%, 19.25% in the treatments of 300 kg/hm² nitrogen rate, 15% air void fraction, 0.6 times of crop/pan coefficient, and increased by 17.49%, 17.93% in 300 kg/hm² 2 nitrogen rate, 15% air void fraction, 0.9 times of crop/pan coefficient, respectively. In nitrogen metabolism, the rhizosphere aeration and high nitrogen application can promote the content of Nitrospira associated with nitrification, and Bacillus associated with nitrogen fixation, while inhibit Pedomicrobium associated with denitrifying bacteria under soil aeration. The Shannon and Pielou<inf>-</inf>e index significantly increased in the aerated treatment, compared with the non-aeration treatment (P&lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the Pielou<inf>-</inf>e index significantly increased in the treatment of high irrigation and normal nitrogen rate (P&lt; 0.05), compared with low irrigation and low nitrogen treatments. In the phylum and class level, the copies of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria increased (P&lt; 0.05), whereas, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria decreased, in the aerated treatments, compared with the non-aeration treatments (P&lt; 0.05). The copies of Proteobacteria decreased significantly (P&lt; 0.05), whereas, the abundance of Acidobacteria increased (P&lt; 0.05), in the high irrigation treatments, compared with the low irrigation treatment. The abundance of Proteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria increased under a high nitrogen rate, compared with low nitrogen rate (P&lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the improvement of soil aeration significantly increased the diversity and uniformity of soil bacteria community in the rhizosphere, and the relative abundance of Acidobacteria at the level of phylum, thus to enhance the soil fertility for soil health, while suppress diseases in the soil rhizosphere environment. Therefore, results of this research would provide a theoretical basis for efficient utilization of water and fertilizer in the greenhouse pepper cropping system.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Nitrogen fixation
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Crops - Denitrification - Fertilizers - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Nitrates - Organic carbon - Oxygen  - Redox reactions - Soils - Void fraction - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Bacterial community structure - Correlation analysis - Denitrifying bacteria - Dissolved organic carbon - Irrigation treatments - Nitrogen application rates - Soil bacterial community - Soil redox potential
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 2.91e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+01%, Percentage 4.66e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20211510213271
Title:Logarithmic law of shallow water flow by using diagnostic function
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#35786;&#26029;&#20989;&#25968;&#30340;&#34180;&#23618;&#27969;&#23545;&#25968;&#24459;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Yang, Pingping (1, 2); Zhang, Yushan (1, 2); Li, Rui (1, 2); Zhang, Huilan (3, 4); Wang, Yunqi (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) Three-Gorges Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Chongqing Jinyun Forest Eco-System Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Rui(rlfer@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:167-175
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Shallow water flow is a special type of open channel flow, where the fluid behaves with a free surface in a canal. The flow depth of shallow water flow is extremely thin, and even reaches several millimeters. At present, there is no obvious evidence that the logarithmic theory is suitable for shallow water flow, even though it is widely used to describe velocity profile for open channel flow. The reason is that the viscous and inertia force exert no significant influences on shallow water flow, due to extremely thin flow depth. It is necessary to clarify the presence of the region without influenced by viscous and inertia force. The present study aims to analyze the velocity characteristics of shallow water flow, thereby to verify logarithmic law using diagnostic function. The Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) with high resolution (64 pixels/mm) was also used to measure flow fields. Eight conditions of shallow water flow were surveyed (flow depth ranged from 0.49 to 1.1 cm and Reynolds number ranged from 835 to 2 877), and a deep-water open channel flow was considered as control group. The statistical parameters were measured, including the velocity distribution from flume bed to free surface, streamwise and wall-normal turbulent intensity. Logarithmic theory was also explored, such as the diagnostic function, Karman constant, and scope of log-law region. Results showed that: 1) From the transition region, dimensionless streamwise velocity of shallow water flow deviated from the logarithmic law, which was used in deep-water open channel flow. The streamwise turbulent intensity of shallow water flow was larger than that of deep-water open channel turbulent flow, while the wall-normal turbulent intensity was smaller than that. The turbulent intensity of two flows gradually overlapped with increasing flow depth. The characteristics of Reynolds stress showed that the region influenced by viscous force became smaller as the flow depth increased. 2) There weren't strict horizontal lines in the diagnostic function curves, implying that there was no strict log-law region in shallow water flow. However, an approximate line was obtained in the diagnostic function curves for the extremely shallow depth (flow depth not less than 0.53 cm), when the dimensionless flow depth was larger than 10, indicating the logarithmic law was basically suitable for this region. Simultaneously, the Karman constant was at the range of 0.2 and 0.3. There was a region without influenced by viscous force and inertia force away from flume bed, due to the weakness of inertia force. In the flow depth larger than 0.53 cm, the diagnostic function curves became fluctuate due to the inertia force, particularly in the regions with dimensionless flow depth larger than 10. An upward trend occurred near the free surface, where firstly decreased and then increased to the maximum, finally decreased to the minimum. 3) The log-law region appeared in the scope between the maximum and minimum for the actual application of shallow water flow, although there was no strict log-law region for a certain tilt of diagnostic function. The extreme value of Karman constant increased with the increasing Reynolds number, indicating no stable Karman constant for shallow water flow. In addition, the scope of log-law region was not stable. As the Reynolds number increased, the scope of log-law region would be expanded. This present study can be benefit to further understand the characteristics of shallow water flow, thereby for the theoretical investigation of shallow water flow using particle image velocimetry.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Open channel flow
Controlled terms:Flow of water - Flow visualization - Hydraulics - Reynolds number - Turbulent flow - Velocimeters - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Velocity measurement - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Diagnostic functions - Particle image velocimetries - Shallow water flow - Statistical parameters - Stream-wise velocities - Theoretical investigations - Transition regions - Turbulent intensities
Classification code:631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 943.3  Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.90e-03m to 1.10e-02m, Size 5.30e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20211510213275
Title:Simultaneous mechanical-acoustic measurement of the crispness of Korla pears
Title of translation:&#39321;&#26792;&#33030;&#24230;&#30340;&#21147;&#22768;&#21516;&#27493;&#26816;&#27979;
Authors:Zhang, Jinge (1); Zhou, Ting (1); Wang, Peng (1); Wu, Jie (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Research Center of Agricultural Mechanization for Economic Crop in Oasis, Ministry of Education, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jie(wjshz@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:290-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Korla pear, a native fruit, is famous for its crispy and sweet taste. There is a large difference in the internal quality of pears, due to the changes in soil, water, and light intensity of the ever-increasing planting area for Korla pear. At present, only firmness and soluble solid content are used as indicators for the internal quality evaluation in the pear grading standard. Nevertheless, the indicator "crispness" is not equivalent to the firmness of the fruit. The crispness reflects the tactile and auditory comprehensive perception of force and sound behavior generated in the process of chewing pear flesh. Since it is difficult to measure and explain through clear semantics, the crispness has not been taken as the standard of internal quality evaluation and classification. A sensory testing is widely accepted to evaluate the crispness, providing by experts or trained panelists, but sensory testers are prone to fatigue and low efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate an approach to accurately detect the crispness of pears to the taste of consumers. In this study, a total of 250 pears were stored at (26&plusmn;2)&#8451; and 20% relative humidity (RH), where the storage time was 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 d. A texture analyzer combined with an acoustic envelope detector was used to simultaneously collect the signals of force and sound, where 4-6 cylindrical samples were tested in each pear. 15 mechanical parameters and 6 acoustic parameters were extracted from force and sound signals using the peak, particularly on the parameters autocorrelation. The results showed that there was a highly strong correlation with relatively little redundancy in 5 pairs of parameters, including the acoustic power and sound linear distance, the average level of sound pressure and sound peak number, Young ' s modulus and low strain stiffness, average force and work, force difference and force ratio. All the mechanical and acoustic parameters can be directly used to construct the classification model without dimensionality reduction. The artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to classify the crispness of Korla pears. Three types of parameter datasets were fed to train the ANN and SVM models: mechanical and acoustic parameters, as well as the combination of mechanical and acoustic parameters. A comparison of ANN models showed that the model using a three-layer hidden structure (14 nodes in each layer) achieved the highest classification accuracy. In the SVM with different kernel functions, the model with the quadratic kernel function displayed the best classification performance. A combination of mechanical and acoustic parameters was more applicable to detect the crispness of pear flesh than only mechanical or acoustic parameters. In learning curve, the classification accuracy of the SVM and ANN models achieved 96.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Therefore, the models can meet the requirements of accurate classification for pears with different crispness. This finding can provide practical guidance to evaluate the crispness of pear flesh during harvest, processing, and storage.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Dimensionality reduction - Elastic waves - Function evaluation - Grading - Neural networks - Quality control - Semantics - Support vector machines - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Acoustic measurements - Acoustic parameters - Classification accuracy - Classification models - Classification performance - Cylindrical samples - Mechanical parameters - Soluble solid content
Classification code:723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 9.38e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20211510213306
Title:Influences of layer inoculation on biogas production and microbial community in solid-state anaerobic fermentation of pig manure
Title of translation:&#20998;&#23618;&#25509;&#31181;&#23545;&#29482;&#31914;&#21388;&#27687;&#24178;&#21457;&#37237;&#20135;&#27668;&#24615;&#33021;&#21450;&#24494;&#29983;&#29289;&#32676;&#33853;&#32467;&#26500;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Li, Danni (1); Gao, Wenxuan (1); Zhang, Keqiang (1); Kong, Dewang (2); Wang, Siqi (1); Du, Lianzhu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin; 300191, China; (2) Hangzhou Energy Environmental Engineering Ltd Co., Hangzhou; 310020, China
Corresponding author:Du, Lianzhu(dulianzhu99@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:251-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">China is a large agricultural country, livestock manure is both agricultural waste and resources. Among the many treatment processes, Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion to produce biogas is one of the effective measures to realize its resource utilization and solve environmental pollution. While high Total Solid (TS) content causing a reduction of methane yields or failure of digestion process because the accumulation of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) resulted in the inhibition of methanogens. At present, the research on VFAs mainly focuses on the aspects of co-substrate for digestion, leachate recirculation and external buffer material to increase biogas production. The inoculum has an important impact on the tolerance of intermediate metabolites and the start-up time of anaerobic fermentation. Previous research mainly focuses on microbial acclimation and feedstock/inoculum ratio under the premixing inoculation method (fermentation after mixing the inoculum and substrate), while the exploration of different inoculation methods for SS-AD and the correlation between the dynamic changes of microbial community structure and metabolites (such as VFAs) need to be studied in depth. In this paper, the biogas production performance and micro-ecological succession law of pig manure and maize straw in layer inoculation and premixing inoculation fermentation were compared. A pilot-scale laboratory experiment was performed in a self-made vertical plexiglass reactor with a total volume of 11 L under feedstock/inoculum ratio=25% in SS-AD process (TS=20%). The result showed that, the first peak of TVFAs mass concentration in layer inoculation system reached 33.0 mg/g on the day 15, and had a greater decline until the end of fermentation. The mass concentration of TVFAs in premixing inoculation system was varied in the range of 29.2-38.5 mg/g on days 15-78. The cumulative Specific Methane Yield of layer inoculation fermentation reached 211.5 mL/g is the highest. CH<inf>4</inf> yield in layer inoculation system was mucher higher than in premixing inoculation even with the same substrate, which indicated that layer inoculation can lead to the comsuption of VFAs over time, make the process run effectively, and reduce the startup time. The SMY of premixing inoculation was under 1.0 mL/g-VS during the whole experiment. In layer inoculation system, the biogas CH<inf>4</inf> content ranged from 54.0% to 66.0% after day 20. The CH<inf>4</inf> content in premixing inoculation fermentation showed a rapid increase after 52 days of digestion and reached 58.1% on day 78. High-throughput sequencing results showed that hydrogenotrophic methanogen was the dominant methane production pathway during SS-AD of different inoculation methods. Layer inoculation can increase the richness and diversity of microorganisms in the fermentation system, and the community structure is more stable than premixing inoculation. The results of cluster analysis on microbial diversity showed that the difference both layer inoculation and premixing inoculation system showed good similarity in the bacteria and archaea samples of stage I~II and stage III~IV. Further analysis showed that the main environmental factor affecting layer inoculation and premixing inoculation are acetic acid and pH value, respectively. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for alleviating the VFAs inhibition of SS-AD of livestock and poultry farming waste and increasing methane yield.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Anaerobic digestion - Biogas - Cluster analysis - Feedstocks - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Mammals - Manures  - Metabolites - Methane - Methanogens - pH - Substrates - Throughput
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Environmental pollutions - High-throughput sequencing - Hydrogenotrophic methanogens - Intermediate metabolites - Microbial community structures - Solid-state anaerobic digestions - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.42e-01yr, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 6.60e+01%, Percentage 5.81e+01%, Specific_Volume 2.11e-01m3/kg, Volume 1.10e-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20211510213272
Title:Effects of seaweed polysaccharide resists on the erosion process of red soil slope
Title of translation:&#28023;&#34299;&#22810;&#31958;&#25239;&#34432;&#21058;&#23545;&#32418;&#22756;&#22369;&#38754;&#20405;&#34432;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Ding, Wenfeng (1, 2); Lin, Qingming (3); Li, Hao (1, 2); Kang, Jingling (1, 2); Han, Haoyu (1, 2); Zhang, Pingcang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Committee, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) Research Center on Mountain Torrent & Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan; 430010, China; (3) Changjiang River Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center of Changjiang Water Resources Committee, Wuhan; 430010, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Pingcang(zhangpc@mail.crsri.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:108-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Soil erosion on sloping farmland has posed a great challenge on land productivity and crop yield, resulting coarse soil and less arable area due to the losing of fine soil particles. Moreover, N and P in soil that migrated with runoff and sediment can also affect the quality of downstream water. Therefore, it is highly demanding to control soil erosion on sloping farmland. Currently, various measures are being taken in the long run, covering from biological, tillage, and engineering. Soil amendments can be used to greatly reduce soil erosion and increase cohesion between surface soil particles, which can maintain surface soil structure to prevent soil crust, resulting the increase in soil infiltration rate, while the decrease in the surface runoff. Therefore, a new material related to soil amendments has drawn much attention. In recent years, the Changjiang River Sciences Research Institute has developed a new seaweed polysaccharide Anti-erosion Material SA-01. This study aims to explore the effect of SA-01 concentration on runoff and sediment yield of red soil, in order to verify the new polysaccharide corrosion inhibitor (SA-01) from the seaweed in controlling soil and water loss on a slope. Taking the typical red soil in southern China as an example, a series of artificial rainfall experiments were carried out, where the rainfall intensity of 90 mm/h, and the slope of 5&deg;, 10&deg;, and 15&deg; under various concentrations of 0, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%. The mechanism of SA-01 on soil erosion was analyzed in a combination of soil water repellency and aggregate stability experiments. The results show that under the same slope, the runoff yield on the slope with SA-01 was higher than that on the control slope. The runoff yield on the slope decreased first and then increased, while the cumulative runoff on the slope decreased first and then increased with the increase of applied concentration. The increment ratio of surface flow increased as the SA-01 concentration increased, indicating that SA-01 can significantly reduce sediment yield on a slope. In the initial runoff yield stage, SA-01 can significantly reduce the slope sediment yield. In the stage of surface erosion, the slope without SA-01 reached the maximum, then fell rapidly, and eventually became stable. Compared with the control slope, the sediment yield of SA-01 slope fluctuated slightly in the early stage of runoff yield, and the time to reach stable sediment yield was earlier than that of the control slope. With the increase of applied concentration, the sediment yield decreased significantly. SA-01 can significantly increase the runoff while reduce the sediment yield of different slopes, due mainly to the change of soil hydrophilic to water repellency, and the decrease of infiltration rate. Soil water repellency was improved after SA-01 was applied. When the concentration was 0.25%, the sample retained the same hydrophilicity as the original soil. When the concentration was more than 0.25%, the soil began to change from hydrophilicity to repulsion. Due to the soil Ca²⁺ cation chelation with SA-01, the soil particles generated on the surface of a layer with a certain intensity. The presence of preservation layer increased soil water repellency, while reduced the soil aggregate dispersion, and thereby to improve the stability of soil aggregates at different levels. SA-01 can provide a new idea for soil and water conservation of red soil on a slope.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Erosion - Farms - Hydrophilicity - Infiltration - Rain - Runoff - Seaweed - Sediments - Soil moisture  - Underground corrosion - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate stability - Artificial rainfall - Research institutes - Runoff and sediment yields - Runoff and sediments - Soil and water conservation - Soil and water loss - Soil water repellency
Classification code:406  Highway Engineering - 443.3  Precipitation - 444  Water Resources - 444.1  Surface Water - 471.1  Oceanography, General - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.1  Metals Corrosion - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 2.50e-01%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 7.50e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20211510213263
Title:Effects of dolomite addition on organic carbon mineralization in acidic paddy soils under different moisture contents
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#27700;&#20998;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#28155;&#21152;&#30333;&#20113;&#30707;&#23545;&#37240;&#24615;&#27700;&#31291;&#22303;&#26377;&#26426;&#30899;&#30719;&#21270;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wu, Hongtao (1, 2); Hu, Jinli (3); Xu, Peng (3); Zhou, Xiangjun (2); Ma, Xiao (2); Hu, Ronggui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi; 435002, China; (2) College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi; 435002, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Ronggui(rghu@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:148-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Liming is the most widely used for the soil acidity, further to maintain soil pH that is optimal for crop growth. The variation in the soil pH is closely related to the soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, thereby to the global climate change. In addition, the moisture is also one of the most crucial environmental factors influencing the SOC mineralization via changing the SOC bioavailability and oxygen transport. In response to exogenous additives, the physicochemical and biochemical properties of soils are normally different with distinct parent materials. It is necessary to clarify the effects of liming and moisture on organic carbon mineralization of acidic soils. In the present study, the acidic paddy soils with two parent materials were used to evaluate the effects of dolomite addition and moisture on the SOC mineralization. Two types of soils were treated with and without dolomite addition under different soil moisture conditions, including 50%, 90%, and 130% of water holding capacity (WHC), and further incubated for 45 days. The results showed that the SOC mineralization rates of two soils were significantly affected by the dolomite addition. Nevertheless, there was no remarkable interaction effect between dolomite addition and moisture. The organic carbon mineralization of two soils was inhibited under a low soil moisture of 50% WHC, whereas, the combined effects of dolomite addition and moisture on the SOC mineralization varied with soil texture under a high soil moisture of 90% to 130% WHC. The amount of organic carbon mineralization from the soil with granite gneiss as parent material (brown red soil) under flooding condition (130% WHC) was higher than that under the moisture of 90% WHC, while the scenario was the opposite from the soil with the Quaternary red earth as parent material (red soil). Furthermore, only the former soil demonstrated a significant interaction effect of dolomite addition and moisture on the amount of SOC mineralization. The effects of dolomite addition, moisture, and their interaction were significant on the pH of two soils. After dolomite addition, the pH value of two soils increased with the increase in moisture content, where a target value (pH value 6.5) was achieved under a low soil moisture condition (50% WHC). The effects of dolomite addition and moisture were significant on the DOC content of brown red soil, but their interaction was not significant. Moreover, only the effect of moisture on the DOC content of red soil was significant. The MBC contents of two soils increased significantly with the increase of moisture content, but the effects of dolomite addition and its interaction with moisture were not significant. In the path analysis, the DOC rather than MBC content of two soils was directly affected by the soil pH value. In addition, the fluxes of CO<inf>2</inf> emission in the two soils were directly affected by the DOC rather than MBC content. The soil pH had no direct effect on the fluxes of CO<inf>2</inf> emission in the two soils, indicating that the microbes played a major role in CO<inf>2</inf> emissions. Therefore, both soil moisture and natural properties can be considered to evaluate the effect of dolomite application on SOC mineralization. The finding can provide a potential promising guidance and proposals for the rational application of dolomite additives in the agricultural production.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Mineralogy
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Biochemistry - Carbon dioxide - Climate change - Moisture determination - Organic carbon - pH effects - Physicochemical properties  - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Biochemical properties - Carbon mineralization - Different moisture contents - Environmental factors - Global climate changes - Soil organic carbon - Water holding capacity
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 482  Mineralogy - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 801.2  Biochemistry - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.23e-01yr, Percentage 1.30e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01% to 1.30e+02%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20211510213101
Title:Damage process of gravel-sand under freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycle
Title of translation:&#20923;&#34701;&#24178;&#28287;&#24490;&#29615;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#21387;&#30722;&#30782;&#30707;&#25439;&#20260;&#36807;&#31243;
Authors:Liu, Min'an (1); Dong, Yaping (2); Li, Chen (2); Li, Wangcheng (2, 3, 4); Li, Yukun (2); Ma, Ji'an (2); Gao, Haiyan (2); Hao, Lu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) College of Civil and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Engineering Research Center of Water Saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation and Control, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (4) Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Dry Areas, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:176-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">It is of great significant to study the weathering process of gravel-sand and its influential factors in Ningxia. The gravels are important for crop production such as watermelon because the sandy fields covered with gravels can prevent evaporation and keep soil moisture. However, the weather process of the gravels on the sandy fields is little understood. This study aimed to clarify the damage process of gravel-sand under the conditions of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycle. The gravels were sampled from sandy fields (gray-green slate)in Xiangshan area of Zhongwei, Ningxia of China (36&deg;56'24&Prime;N, 105&deg;13'44&Prime;E). An indoor simulation experiment was carried out. According to the international soil classification standard and local gravel-sand particle sizes distributions, four levels of gravel sizes (2, 10, 20 and 30 mm) were designed. Based on the soil salinization classification standard in Ningxia, four salinity treatments were considered. The concentration of NaCl were 0, 3, 6 and 10 g/L, respectively, used for simulation of salinization of no, light, moderate, severe levels. A total of 16 treatments including four particle sizes and four salinity levels were designed. Each treatment replicated three times. Each freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycle started from freezing at -20 &deg;C for 17 hours, increasing temperature to 25 &deg;C for seven hours, drying at 30 &deg;C in a dry oven for 22 hours and then soaking for two hours. Before starting the test, the water content and water absorption of the gravel-sand were measured. During the freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycles, the mass loss (particle size &lt; 0.15 mm) of the gravel-sand was measured every 10 cycles. When the cycles were 0, 20, and 80, the microstructure and mineral composition of gravel-sand were determined by a scanning electron microscopy and a X-ray powder diffraction instrument, respectively. The effects of particle size, salinity and the numbers of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycles on the weathering of gravel-sand were explored. The results showed that the mass loss of gravel-sand with small particle size (2 and 10 mm) was higher relatively. The mass loss and the cumulative mass loss rate of gravel-sand were negatively correlated with particle size, and the cumulative mass loss rate of gravel-sand was positively correlated with the number of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycle. In general, the relationship between the cumulative mass loss rate of gravel-sand and the numbers of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycles followed an increasing linear function (R²&ge;0.928). The factors affecting the cumulative mass loss rate were the numbers of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycles and particle size. The porosity was high when the particle size was 10 mm and the salinity was 6 g/L, and the porosity was negatively correlated with particle size but positively correlated with the numbers of freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycles. The factors affecting the porosity of gravel were particle size and freeze-thaw-dry-wet cycle. Five kinds of minerals was found in the gravel-sand and they were muscovite, albite, quartz, cholorite and calcite. The content of muscovite and albite were positively correlated with particle size, and quartz content was negatively correlated with particle size. Particle size was the main factor affecting the contents of quartz, muscovite and albite in gravel-sand. The damage of gravel-sand was caused internally by structural characteristics, fissure development and hydrophilic mineral content, and caused externally by freeze-thaw weathering, water-rock interaction and salt leaching. The results provide valuable information for the healthy development and sustainable utilization of soil in gravel-sand land.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Particle size
Controlled terms:Calcite - Cultivation - Feldspar - Freezing - Gravel - Information dissemination - Mica - Porosity - Quartz - Sand  - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium chloride - Soil moisture - Thawing - Water absorption - Weathering - X ray powder diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Classification standard - Fissure development - Hydrophilic minerals - Increasing temperatures - Small particle size - Structural characteristics - Sustainable utilization - Water rock interactions
Classification code:482.2  Minerals - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 903.2  Information Dissemination - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e+00kg/m3, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-04m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 3.00e-02m, Temperature 2.53e+02K, Temperature 2.98e+02K, Temperature 3.03e+02K, Time 6.12e+04s, Time 7.92e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20211510213307
Title:Health risk assessment and benchmark of lead pollution in agricultural soils in East Yunnan, China
Title of translation:&#28359;&#19996;&#20892;&#30000;&#22303;&#22756;&#38085;&#27745;&#26579;&#20581;&#24247;&#39118;&#38505;&#35780;&#20215;&#21450;&#22522;&#20934;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Liu, Juan (1, 3); Li, Yang (2, 3); Zhang, Min (2, 3); Zhang, Naiming (2, 3); Han, Dongjin (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650201, China; (2) College of Resource and Environmental Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650201, China; (3) Yunnan Soil Fertility and Pollution Restoration Laboratory, Kunming; 650201, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Naiming
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:241-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soil has posed risks and potential dangers to human and livestock, due mainly to most heavy metals are toxic in nature that can cause serious health illness, even at very low concentration. Excessive heavy metals, such as lead, enter the ecological system from the agricultural runoff and industrial discharges to agricultural products of food chain. Since both high geological background and mining activities simultaneously determine the agricultural soils in eastern Yunnan, the lead pollution in agricultural soil has drawn much widespread attention recently. In this study, a simultaneous sampling and analysis test was performed on agricultural soils and products in 6 cities (prefectures) in eastern Yunnan, China, aiming to characterize the lead accumulation in agricultural land. A health risk assessment model was used to evaluate the health risks that caused by lead in the agricultural soils in eastern Yunnan to residents. A species-sensitive distribution model (Log-logistic) was used to construct the species sensitivity distribution curve (SSD) of different crop varieties, and to reverse benchmark values of soil lead safety, according to the protection of 95% and 5% of crop categories. The result showed that: 1) The average content of lead in agricultural soils from various cities (prefectures) in eastern Yunnan was from more to less in the order of Honghe Prefecture, Qujing city, Zhaotong city, Wenshan prefecture, Yuxi city, Kunming city. The average lead content of Zhaotong city, Qujing city, Wenshan prefecture, and Honghe prefecture exceeded the screening value of lead pollution risk released by National Standards of China. 2) The total point exceeding rate of agricultural products in the 6 cities (prefectures) of eastern Yunnan was 11.9%, where the various types of crops showed the different ability of absorbing and enriching lead. Specifically, peas and peanuts from beans had higher lead accumulation capacity, followed by lettuce from rhizome, rape from leafy vegetables, and wheat from cereals. 3) The health risk assessment showed that there was no significant non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk to the residents. The non-carcinogenic risk of lead to children was higher than that of adults in various regions of eastern Yunnan, where the non-carcinogenic health risk index of various exposure routes was ranked from much to less in the order of hand-oral intake, skin exposure, breathing inhalation. 4) In the species sensitivity distribution model (Log-logistic), the benchmark values of soil lead health risk were inversely deduced for agricultural products in eastern Yunnan. When rhizomes, nightshades, planting beans, cereals crops were planted, the critical value of Pb were13.0, 19.7, 35.1, 11.3, 18.1 mg/kg, respectively; and the alarm value of Pb were 269.5, 481.3, 500.7, 367.5, 560.3 mg/kg, respectively. It can provide scientific basis for establishing more accurate local standard and realizing the safe utilization of lead-contaminated soil in agricultural soil in eastern Yunnan and similar regions.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Agricultural runoff - Chemical contamination - Crops - Health - Health risks - Heavy metals - Plants (botany) - Population distribution  - Risk assessment - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural soils - Distribution models - Geological background - Heavy metal contamination - Industrial discharges - Lead-contaminated soil - Simultaneous Sampling - Species sensitivity distributions
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.7  Health Care - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 822.3  Food Products - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.19e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20211510212903
Title:Research and development of continuous clamping and delivering ramie decorticator
Title of translation:&#36830;&#32493;&#22841;&#25345;&#36755;&#36865;&#24335;&#33486;&#40635;&#21093;&#40635;&#26426;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Xiang, Wei (1); Ma, Lan (1); Liu, Jiajie (1); Yan, Bo (1); Qiu, Huajiao (1); Lyu, Jiangnan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410205, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Jiangnan(yjljn@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:19-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">A feasible and fully automatic ramie decorticator was designed in the transverse-clamping delivery using the characteristics of ramie fiber decorticating, further to alleviate the ramie fiber stripping with high labor intesity. The decorticator implemented the fiber decorticating for the base and top of the ramie stalk in sequence. The flexible clamping and conveying of ramie stalk and fiber were adopted to ensure the clamping force without damaging the fiber. Without changing the conveying direction of ramie stalks, the whole ramie stalk fiber was stripped, indicating that the small size of machine was used to realize the fully automatic fiber decorticating of ramie. 5 steps were completed in a decorticator, including stalk feeding and conveying, base fiber decorticating, changing clamping, top fiber stripping, and fiber output once for all. The key components included the clamping and conveying device, the fiber decorticating device, and the end-change clamping device. The optimal ranges of key parameters were determined on the quality of ramie decorticating. Taking the decorticating clearance, drum and conveying speed as the influencing factors, mathematical models were developed for the fiber percentage of fresh stem and the impurity rate of ramie fiber. A combination of optimal parameters was achieved to clarify the influence of operating parameters on the ramie fiber decorticating. A multi-objective optimization was carried out in the Box-Behnken test. The results indicated that: There was a significant effect of decorticating clearance, drum speed and conveying speed on the fiber content of fresh stems and the impurity rate of raw fiber. The model interaction of decorticating clearance and drum speed also posed a great impact on the fiber content of fresh stems and the impurity rate of raw fiber. Moreover, there were obvious coupling effects of experimental factors on the fiber content of fresh stem and the impurity rate, but not a simple linear relationship. In the multi-objective parameter optimization, the optimal parameters were determined for ramie fiber decorticating: the decorticating clearance of 4.0 mm, drum speed of 330 r/min, and conveying speed of 0.36 m/s. A validation test of ramie fiber decorticating was carried out under the optimized conditions. The results demonstrated that the fiber content of fresh stem was 5.04% and the impurity rate of raw fiber was 1.18%, where the relative errors of indicators and the model predictions were less than 5%, indicating a high accuracy of prediction model. The productivity of machine was up to 142 kg/h, beyond the design specifications. The gum content of raw fiber was 22.85%, and the bundle breaking tenacity of ramie was 4.56 CN/dtex, indicating that the fibers of decorticating machine were suitable for the national standards of second class ramie fiber. The finding can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the fully automatic ramie decorticator.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fibers
Controlled terms:Clamping devices - Hemp - Multiobjective optimization - Predictive analytics - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Breaking tenacities - Design specification - Experimental factors - Multi-objective parameter optimizations - Operating parameters - Optimized conditions - Research and development - Simple linear relationship
Classification code:821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 3.94e-02kg/s, Percentage 1.18e+00%, Percentage 2.29e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.04e+00%, Rotational_Speed 3.30e+02RPM, Size 4.00e-03m, Velocity 3.60e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20211510213098
Title:Effects of sepiolite addition on pig manure compost maturity and dissolved organic matter
Title of translation:&#28023;&#27873;&#30707;&#28155;&#21152;&#23545;&#29482;&#31914;&#22534;&#32933;&#33104;&#29087;&#21644;&#27700;&#28342;&#24615;&#26377;&#26426;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zheng, Wei (1); Zhou, Hong (1); Yang, Hangbo (1); Huang, Lei (1, 2); Chen, Yucheng (1, 2); Peng, Li (3); Yang, Zhimin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Rural Cleaner Production, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil Pollution Risk Management and Control for Ecological Environment in Chongqing, Chongqing; 400716, China; (3) Chongqing Municipal Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Center, Chongqing; 401121, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhimin(bear@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:259-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Pig manure has caused the most serious environmental pollution among various animal manure, where estimated approximately 776 million tons in each year in China. Aerobic composting can be expected as an effective technique to treat the solid organic wastes, thereby to decompose inconstant and hazardous organic matter, and futher to quickly reduce the total amount and inactivate biotoxicity of wastes. Previous reports indicated that clay minerals have observably influence on the decomposition of Organic Matter (OM) in soil system. However, the research is still lacking on the intermolecular interactions between clay minerals and OM in the composting, even though the OM was more simple and active. Taking the pig manure and poplar sawdust as raw materials, and sepiolite as a conditioner, this study aims to explore the influence of sepiolite on the stability of aerobic composting. An investigation was made on the variation in the maturity index of compost, organic matter in the different components of compost, and structure of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM). The results showed that after sepiolite added, the maximum temperature of compost decreased obviously, and the electrical conductivity value increased by 9.69%, compared to control. However, the lower C/N (decreased by 2.81%) and higher seed germination index (increased by 11.96%) were observed with the addition of sepiolite without the negative impact of finial production, while showing better maturity. These indicators suggested that the organic fertilizers with the sepiolite addition were beneficial to the application for the farmland. Most previous studies focused on the content of DOM and humic acid, representing the stable and unstable components of OM in the compost production. Compared with the control, DOM content of compost with the addition of sepiolite was reduced by 7.84%, while the percentage of humic acid increased by 9.71%, indicating that the sepiolite can influence on the content of different components of OM, and thereby make the compost more stable. In this study, fluorescence spectra were used to represent the fluorescence characteristics of DOM, further to clarify the interactions between clay minerals and OM. An Excitation-Emission Matrices-Parallel Factor Analysis (EEM-PAFARAC) was used to quantify the proportion of DOM components. The results demonstrated that the sepiolite significantly increased the fluorescence intensity of long-wavelength peak in the fluorescence spectrum in a relatively short period, meaning that the more stable OM was produced more quickly. After the DOM components were distinguished by EEM-PAFARAC, the proportion of highly aromatic components increased significantly in the begining phase of compost with the addition of sepiolite, indicating more higher proportion in the final production. In order to explore the causes of OM transformation in composting, the correlation analysis showed that there was a more significant negative relationship between the highly aromatic component of DOM and total organic matter, compared with the control, indicating that the OM cannot decomposed, but converted into more stable OM in the sepiolite treatment. Therefore, the sepiolite as an additive can be used to reduce the biotoxicity of composting products, while to increase the degree of maturity, and the stability of compost via impacting on the structure of organic matter.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Organic minerals
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biohazards - Clay minerals - Composting - Decay (organic) - Fertilizers - Fluorescence - Mammals - Manures - Organic acids  - Seed - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved organic matters - Electrical conductivity - Environmental pollutions - Excitation emission matrices - Fluorescence characteristics - Fluorescence intensities - Intermolecular interactions - Parallel factor analysis
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 481.2  Geochemistry - 482.2  Minerals - 741.1  Light/Optics - 801.2  Biochemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.81e+00%, Percentage 7.84e+00%, Percentage 9.69e+00%, Percentage 9.71e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20211510213086
Title:Effects of esterase activity of alcoholicus in Hexi Corridor production areas on ester aroma compounds in wine
Title of translation:&#27827;&#35199;&#36208;&#24266;&#20135;&#21306;&#37202;&#29699;&#33740;&#37231;&#37238;&#27963;&#24615;&#23545;&#33889;&#33796;&#37202;&#37231;&#31867;&#39321;&#27668;&#29289;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhu, Xia (1, 2); Zhao, Dandan (1); Li, Jun'e (1); Han, Shunyu (1, 2); Yang, Xueshan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Gansu Key Lab of Viticulture and Enology, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xueshan(yangxs@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:315-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fermentation conditions on the cumulative esterase activity of Oenococcus oeni (O.oeni) autochthonous strains in the Hexi Corridor region, particularly in the aromaticesters of Chardonnay dry white wine during the Malolactic Fermentation (MLF). Two O. oeni autochthonous strains, such as GF-2 and ZX-1, were preserved by the Gansu Key Lab Viticulture and Enology, and one commercial strain VP41 was used to test strains. The esterase activities of various carbon chain length substrates (C<inf>2</inf>, C<inf>4</inf>, C<inf>6</inf>) were detected in the simulated wine during MLF process. The fermentation conditions were selected to analyze the esterase characteristics produced by the O. oeni strains, including the initial pH value, ethanol concentration, SO<inf>2</inf> addition, and fermentation temperature. A microvinification experiment was performed to explore the modification effect of the tested strains on the aroma quality of Chardonnay dry white wine. The esterase activities of O. oeni autochthonous strains were significantly higher than those of commercial strain VP41 under different pH values, where the maximum esterase activity of ZX-1 was about 63.42% higher than that of VP41. When the concentration of ethanol was 8%, all the tested strains produced the maximum esterase activity, indicating the O.oeni autochthonous strain had strong esterase producing ability. Under the different SO<inf>2</inf> additions, the cumulative esterase activities of two O. oeni autochthonous strains were significantly higher than that of VP41 (P&lt; 0.05), while, the esterase activity of GF-2 was significantly higher than those of strain VP41 at 18 and 22&#8451; (P&lt; 0.05). Results of compound fermentation showed that the total esterase activity originated from ZX-1 was the highest, followed by GF-2 and VP41. There were different effects of the major and secondary factors on the esterase activity of each strain. An optimum condition was obtained for the esterase production of all tested strains: the ethanol concentration of 12%, pH value of 3.6, SO<inf>2</inf> addition of 30 mg/L, and the fermentation temperature of 22&#8451;. The highest esterase activity of ZX-1 was 620.97 mU/mL, indicating that a strong adaptability to wine habitat. In the microvinification of chardonnay dry white wine, esters were identified in the wine samples after MLF. There were richer variety aroma and better fragrance persistence in the wines that fermented by autochthonous strains GF-2 and ZX-1, compared with the commercial strain VP41. Both O.oeni autochthonous and commercial strains can successfully complete MLF, especially ZX-1 has strong esterase production capability, depending mainly on the fermentation conditions. Therefore, the ZX-1 can be used to effectively improve the content of fruit and floral aroma compounds in the Chardonnay dry white wine, thereby to enhance the regional microbial terroir characteristics of wines. The O. oeni autochthonous strain ZX-1 was more suitable to be used as the MLF starter of dry white wine in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Wine
Controlled terms:Enzymes - Esters - Ethanol - Fermentation - Odors - pH - Starters - Strain - Sulfur dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon-chain length - Ethanol concentrations - Fermentation conditions - Fermentation temperature - Malolactic fermentation - Modification effect - Production capabilities - Total esterase activity
Classification code:801.1  Chemistry, General - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 6.34e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20211510213311
Title:Soil water infiltration under mulch tillage affected by maize stovers returning in black soil areas
Title of translation:&#40657;&#22303;&#21306;&#35206;&#28151;&#32789;&#20316;&#20013;&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#36824;&#30000;&#23545;&#22303;&#22756;&#27700;&#20998;&#20837;&#28183;&#24615;&#33021;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Qi, Jiangtao (1, 2); Tian, Xinliang (1, 2); Liu, Kai (1, 2); Li, Mingsen (3); Zheng, Tiezhi (4); Li, Guang (3); Fan, Xuhui (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (3) Jilin Province Academy of Agricultural Machinery, Changchun; 130022, China; (4) Jilin Agricultural Mechanization Management Center, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Xuhui(cchkbjomfan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:141-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Conservation tillage has become a promising farming technology with mechanized operations as the main means. The method of minimum tillage or no tillage planting is widely adopted, where the crop stover and stubble are used to cover on the soil surface, in order to effectively reduce the soil wind erosion and water erosion, while improve the ability of soil to keep moisture and water. As a kind of conservation tillage, mulch tillage is mainly used to chop up the stover by a combined tillage machine and mix it evenly into the soil. As such, the mulch tillage can contribute to soil moisture infiltration, and high-quality seed beds. After the corn harvest in the first autumn, the full amount of stover-covered arable land was operated directly by the combined soil planter with the soft rake. In the second spring, the seed bed making machine was used to prepare the whole field of the seed bed, to build a high-quality seed bed and improve the emergence rate of corn. Most previous research focused on the effect of stover mulching and tillage methods on soil moisture infiltration performance. However, it is of great significance to explore the suitable stover returning and tillage method for soil protection in black soil area. In this study, a Design Expert software and a Box-Behnken test were used to conduct an experimental study on the infiltration performance of stover on soil moisture in black soil area in mulching tillage. In the column experiment, a quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors and three levels, including the depth, the quantity, and the length of mixed stover. The experimental results showed that the significant order of the influence on the amount of water seepage was as follows: the depth of mixed stover, the length of stover, the quantity of mixed stover. A response surface mathematical model was established to analyze the influence of various factors on soil moisture infiltration performance, and thereby to comprehensively optimize the influencing factors. The optimal combination was achieved, where the water seepage reached the maximum, when the depth of mixed stover was 20 cm, the quantity of mixed stover was 80%, and the length of stover was 9 cm. Using the optimized parameters for experiments, the soil water infiltration rate was up to 0.247 L. The findings can provide a sound reference for the adjustment parameters in the combined tillage machine in the mulch tillage, particularly on a theoretical support for black soil protection.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Environmental protection - Erosion - Seepage - Software testing - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Adjustment parameter - Column experiments - Conservation tillage - Optimal combination - Optimized parameter - Quadratic regression orthogonal experiments - Response surface - Soil wind erosion
Classification code:454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-02m, Volume 2.47e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20211510212912
Title:Design of near-infrared spectral grain protein detection system for combine-harvesters
Title of translation:&#36817;&#32418;&#22806;&#20809;&#35889;&#24335;&#32852;&#21512;&#25910;&#21106;&#26426;&#35895;&#29289;&#34507;&#30333;&#36136;&#21547;&#37327;&#26816;&#27979;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Zhang, Min (1); Wu, Chongyou (1); Chen, Xu (1); Zhu, Daojing (1); Jin, Mei (1); Wang, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) NanJing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Chongyou(542681935@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">An in-line detection system of grain protein content was developed in this study, in order to realize the real-time identification and record the sampling geographical location information in a novel harvester combined with near-infrared spectroscopy during grain harvesting. The detection system was mainly composed of a near-infrared spectral sensor module, spiral sampling and conveying mechanism, control module, GPS/Beidou positioning module, and industrial display integrator. The specific working procedure was followed for the in-line detection system in a near-infrared spectroscopy on combine harvester. The grain first discharged from the outlet of a combine-harvester through the spiral sampling and conveying mechanism. A PID controller was used to adjust the stepper motor of sampling mechanism, according to the requirements of detection rate, thereby to realize the intermittent grain transmission. A near-infrared spectral sensor was also adjusted to capture the spectrum, when the stepper motor stopped turning. A RS485 bus was used for data transmission to host computer, where the obtained data included the grain near-infrared spectrum, and the positioning signal of GPS/Beidou positioning module. A data processing software was developed to control the near-infrared sensor and sampling mechanism. After data post-processing in the grain protein prediction model, the information of grain protein and sampling location was in situ displayed, and storage for later use. An indoor calibration, and a field dynamic test were carried out to verify the performance of prediction model for grain protein content and online detection system. In the prediction model of wheat protein content, the decision coefficient was 0.865, the absolute error range was -0.96% to 1.22%, the relative error range was -7.30% to 9.53%, and the Root Mean Square Error of Prediction (RMSEP) was 0.638%. In the prediction model of rice protein content, the decision coefficient was 0.853, the absolute error range was -0.60% to 1.00%, the relative error range was -8.47% to 9.71%, and the RMSEP was 0.516%. In the dynamic field test, the maximum relative error of wheat protein content was -6.69%, whereas, the maximum error of rice protein content was -8.02%. It infers that the sampling and analysis interval have no significantly influence on the detection system, where the system stability and detection accuracy meet the need of grain protein online detection in the field. The finding can provide a scientific basis for precision agricultural operation.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Combines - Digital storage - Errors - Forecasting - Global positioning system - Harvesters - In situ processing - Infrared detectors - Infrared devices  - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Predictive analytics - Proteins - Stepping motors - System stability - Three term control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural operations - Data processing software - Geographical location information - Maximum relative errors - On-line detection system - Protein-detection systems - Real-time identification - Root-mean-square error of predictions
Classification code:705.3  Electric Motors - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 731.1  Control Systems - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -6.00e-01% to 1.00e+00%, Percentage -6.69e+00%, Percentage -7.30e+00% to 9.53e+00%, Percentage -8.02e+00%, Percentage -8.47e+00% to 9.71e+00%, Percentage -9.60e-01% to 1.22e+00%, Percentage 5.16e-01%, Percentage 6.38e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20211510213062
Title:Rapid recognition and orientation determination of ginger shoots with deep learning
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#28145;&#24230;&#23398;&#20064;&#30340;&#29983;&#23004;&#31181;&#33469;&#24555;&#36895;&#35782;&#21035;&#21450;&#20854;&#26397;&#21521;&#21028;&#23450;
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1, 2); Fang, Lifa (1); Wu, Yanqiang (1, 2); Li, Yuhua (1, 2); Xi, Rui (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:213-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Ginger is widely cultivated in temperate zone, tropical and subtropics. China is the largest ginger producer and exporter in the world. Sowing seeds can be the second step in the ginger production, after the soil preparation is ready. It is necessary to lay the ginger flat in the trench, and keep the shoots in the same direction when sowing, in order to ensure that the shoots can emerge in the same direction under the requirement of avoiding light in the production. All the shoots emerge towards the south in an east-west trench, whereas those towards the west in a north-south trench. Therefore, shoots recognition has become a type of key technology to ensure the same direction of shoots, and then realize automatic and accurate sowing. In this study, a feasible way was proposed to realize the rapid recognition and accurate determination of ginger shoots using deep learning. Firstly, the dataset of ginger images was established, including image acquisition, enhancement, and labeling. Secondly, in training a small sample dataset, the data was augmented using online data enhancement to increase the diversity of images, and address the lack of generalization capability. The Mosaic method was used to enrich the background of ginger shoots training without introducing non-informative pixels. Thirdly, the position of ginger shoots regression bounding box directly determined the specific position of shoots, thus DioU (Distance Intersection over Union) bounding box regression loss function was introduced instead of the traditional loss function of IOU, in order to improve the regression effect of regression bounding box. Fourthly, in order to improve the convergence rate of model, the K-means clustering using the IoU measurement was used to derive 9 anchor boxes after linear scaling, indicating more in line with the shoots size. In addition, the Darknet-53 model pre-trained on the ImageNet data set was used for transfer learning, aiming to reduce the training time of model. Finally, after the identification of shoots were completed using the YOLO v3 network, in order to facilitate the selection of the strongest shoot, the area of the prediction bounding box was used as the basis for selection, and only the prediction bounding box with a larger area was retained. A Cartesian coordinate system was established with the center of the image as the origin, and the orientation of shoots was discriminated by calculating the azimuth of the center of prediction bounding box. The average precision and F1 were used to evaluate the performance of ginger shoots recognition model. In test, the IoU threshold and the confidence threshold were analyzed to obtain the best detection effect, while the improved strategies were verified one by one. After training and testing, the detection index was the best, when the IoU threshold was 0.6, and the confidence threshold was 0.001. The average precision and F1 measure reached 98.2% and 94.9% in the shoot recognition model, respectively, where the detection speed was 112 frames/s for a single 416&times;416 pixels image on the GPU. Compared with the original YOLOv3, the average precision and F1 measure increased by 1.5% and 4.4%, respectively. The recognition model of ginger shoots can be used to achieve significantly excellent recognition, providing a sound theoretical basis to realize automatic and precise ginger sowing.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Deep learning
Controlled terms:Food additives - Forecasting - Image enhancement - K-means clustering - Pixels - Transfer learning - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:Cartesian coordinate system - Confidence threshold - Convergence rates - Generalization capability - Recognition models - Regression effects - Soil preparation - Training and testing
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 4.40e+00%, Percentage 9.49e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20211510213277
Title:Runoff simulation of small watershed in loess hilly region using dynamic parameter SCS-RF model
Title of translation:&#21160;&#24577;&#21442;&#25968;SCS-RF&#27169;&#22411;&#22312;&#40644;&#22303;&#19992;&#38517;&#21306;&#23567;&#27969;&#22495;&#20135;&#27969;&#27169;&#25311;&#20013;&#30340;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Zhao, Xuehua (1); Zhang, Lijuan (1); Zhu, Xueping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:195-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Rainfall and runoff events are two important parameters in the natural hydrological cycle. The rainfall also dominates the formation of runoff in many influence factors. In recent years, various human activities, such as the construction of projects for water conservancy, as well as conservation projects for soil sources, have posed a great impact on the soil infiltration and topography of basin, which further affected the evolution of surface runoff. Heavy rain and runoff can cause a series of natural disasters, such as water erosion and flood damage. Sediment loss from construction sites and soil erosion has become a serious source of water pollution in the loess hilly and gully area. The rapid situation can deeply deteriorate the water and soil resources, further to threaten the safety of flood control. Fortunately, Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model can be used to evaluate the impact of rainfall on runoff yield. The improved model was established to consider the impact of other rainfall characteristics in the supposed conditions and internal structure with the parameter calibration. However, the accuracy of runoff simulation depends mainly on the selection of model parameters, particularly on the regional characteristics of parameters. In this study, a dynamic parameter SCS-Random Forest (RF) model was constructed, according to the dataset from 307 times rainfall runoff in Wangjiagou basin and its sub basins in flood season. The rainfall characteristics were taken as splitting attributes of a decision tree, while the RF was used to determine the Curve Number (CN) and initial abstraction ratio in the model parameters. Various parameters were be calibrated, according to the rainfall characteristics of a same rainfall, and then compared with the SCS model without parameter improvement. The results showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of SCS-RF model and SCS model were 1.06 and 6.64, while the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) were 0.84 and -8.65, respectively. Moreover, the SCS-RF model achieved an excellent performance in each basin, where the simulation effect of SCS-RF model was better than that of SCS model. The SCS-RF model also considered the influence of rainfall characteristics on runoff yield. The process of parameter calibration was simplified, thereby to enhance the universality of the model. The different treatment in the basin made the distribution of parameters significantly different from others. There was small fluctuation for the CN in Yangdaogou basin, and the initial abstraction ratio in the Chacaizhugou basin. The initial abstraction ratios were less than the standard value of 0.2, after the control of soil erosion. The distributions of CN were approximate, comparing with the two basins that were comprehensively treated but with different areas. Specifically, there was a large area fluctuation for the CN and initial abstraction ratio in the Wangjiagou basin, where the CN in Wangjiagou basin was larger than that of Chacaizhugou basin. The compared area was similar, where the Yangdaogou basin did not be treated, while the Chacaizhugou basin was treated. The initial abstraction ratio was small in the basin of Chacaizhugou, but fluctuated greatly in Yangdaogou basin, whereas, the CN fluctuation was small in Yangdaogou basin. It infers that the distribution of initial abstraction ratio was similar. There was a negative correlation between CN and rainfall P in each basin. The data distribution of parameters and rainfall characteristics (P, rainfall intensity in 30 min I<inf>30</inf>) had a relatively obvious concentration area. The rainfall-runoff simulation can provide a theoretical basis for the conservation planning of soil and water, as well as the management of water resources.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Calibration - Decision trees - Disasters - Erosion - Flood control - Floods - Mean square error - Rain - Runoff - Sediments  - Soils - Topography - Water conservation - Water management - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Conservation planning - Conservation projects - Parameter calibration - Rainfall characteristics - Rainfall-runoff simulations - Regional characteristics - Root mean square errors - Soil conservation services
Classification code:442.1  Flood Control - 443.3  Precipitation - 444  Water Resources - 444.1  Surface Water - 453  Water Pollution - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science - 961  Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20211510212906
Title:Water-saving irrigation regime for winter wheat in county areas under water resources constraints
Title of translation:&#27700;&#36164;&#28304;&#32422;&#26463;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#30340;&#21439;&#22495;&#20908;&#23567;&#40614;&#33410;&#27700;&#28748;&#28297;&#21046;&#24230;
Authors:Zhu, Jiawei (1); Zhao, Congjia (1); Guo, Ruirui (1); Zhou, Linlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:92-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">High-efficiency water-saving irrigation engineering technology is facing a difficult situation to be extended popularly covering the field crops. A feasible way can be to optimize the water-saving irrigation regime, thereby to improve the efficiency of irrigation water. In this study, an optimization design was conducted to develop a water-saving irrigation regime in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, China. Three scenarios were set, including non-irrigation, average irrigation, and insufficient irrigation. The specific procedures were: First, Penman-Monteith formula was used to calculate indirectly the water volumes that the winter wheat required in the full and every growth stages. Second, the collected parameters were selected, such as meteorological data, the field moisture capacity, wilting coefficient of different types of soil texture, and hydro-geological data, thereby to estimate the total water resource that supplied in the full growth stage of winter wheat, including atmospheric precipitation, soil water content, and available water resource for irrigation. Third, the water sensitivity index of winter wheat was used to monitor the water demand of winter wheat in the different growth stages. Taking the maximum yield of winter wheat as a goal, a Jensen-model was selected to optimize the total supply water, and further distribute to the different growth stages of winter wheat. Finally, the obtained parameters were used, including the actual evapotranspiration, atmospheric precipitation, and soil water content, to calculate the irrigation water quota in different growth stages of winter wheat. The results showed that: 1) The total supply water was less than that in normal and dry years in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, China. Therefore, it was necessary to implement deficit irrigation regime. 2) Since the Jensen-model cannot be used to calculate directly the irrigating quota in different growth stages, the actual evaporation can be achieved for the weight coefficient of sensitivity index in different growth stages of winter wheat. Specifically, the allocation proportions of evaporations were 15.8%, 5.4%, 23.4%, 34.9%, 20.5% in seedling, over-wintering, booting, heading, and filling stages. 3) In Xinzheng City, the key irrigation periods of winter wheat were the heading and filling stages. In filling stages, the irrigating quota accounted for 73.3%-96.7% of the total irrigation amount in high flow years. In heading and filling stages, the irrigating quota accounted for 60.8%-68.5% and 32.2%-38.0% in normal flow years. In heading stages, the irrigating quota accounted for 53.9%-71.9% in dry years. In Jensen-model estimation, the yield of winter wheat under insufficient irrigation was 20.6%-40.9% higher than that under non-irrigation or average irrigation in normal flow year, and 23.8%-58.9% higher in dry year. Therefore, the amount of water resources available for irrigation in Xinzheng City was only 640-1225 m³/hm², 28.8%-55.0% of the quota given in Henan Province local standard-agricultural water. Nevertheless, the insufficient irrigation can be recommended for the field crops. The finding can offer the basic counties (cities) data for extending a deficit irrigation regime to other counties.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Efficiency - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Filling - Meteorology - Soil moisture - Textures - Water conservation  - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Actual evapotranspiration - Atmospheric precipitation - Different growth stages - Meteorological data - Optimization design - Penman-Monteith formula - Sensitivity indices - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 2.06e+01% to 4.09e+01%, Percentage 2.34e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01% to 5.89e+01%, Percentage 2.88e+01% to 5.50e+01%, Percentage 3.22e+01% to 3.80e+01%, Percentage 3.49e+01%, Percentage 5.39e+01% to 7.19e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+00%, Percentage 6.08e+01% to 6.85e+01%, Percentage 7.33e+01% to 9.67e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20211510213090
Title:Construction of the prediction model for Escherichia coli in chilled pork using green fluorescent protein
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#32511;&#33394;&#33639;&#20809;&#34507;&#30333;&#30340;&#20919;&#40092;&#29482;&#32905;&#20013;&#22823;&#32928;&#26438;&#33740;&#39044;&#27979;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Liu, Bianfang (1); Hu, Huifan (1); Zhang, Yikui (1); Cai, Jin (1); Du, Shuangkui (1); Li, Junli (1); Cao, Mengqian (1); Lyu, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A& F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Xin(xinlu@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:37
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2021
Publication year:2021
Pages:299-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<div data-language="eng" data-ev-field="abstract">Predicting dynamic changes of microorganisms can contribute to the rapid assessment of food safety for the shelf life in food prediction. Escherichia coli originated from human or animal intestines are the main spoilage bacteria in fresh and chilled meat products. It is highly demanding to predict and monitor the changes of E.coli in the chilled pork to ensure the safety and quality of food products. In this study, the green fluorescent protein plasmid (pGFP) with ampicillin resistance was transferred into Escherichia coli DH5&#593; by chemical transformation, thereby to construct a GFP labeled E.coli DH5&#593; strain. After quantitative inoculation of labeled strain in the chilled pork that was simply mechanically mashed, the dilution plate was used to detect the growth of E. coli at different temperatures, using the GFP reporter gene and ampicillin resistance. The Gompertz model, the square root model, and the response surface equation were used to fit the number of bacteria, further to construct a mathematical prediction model. The results showed that the Gompertz model had a good fitting effect on Escherichia coli in fresh pork, where the determination coefficient R² were 0.96-0.99 at 0-20&#8451;, and 0.79 at 24&#8451;, respectively. The Gompertz model indicated that the growth of Escherichia coli was very slow in the cold fresh pork at 0-8&#8451;, and the lag phase duration (LPD) was over 40 h. It inferred that the growth rate of E.coli was significantly inhibited by the temperature, when the storage temperature of fresh pork was lower than 8&#8451;. The two square root models had good fitting effects, which described the relationship between temperature and the square root of the maximum specific growth rate, and the relationship between temperature and the square root of reciprocal of LPD, where the determination coefficient R² were 0.862 and 0.948, respectively. The response surface model demonstrated that there were significant effects of time and temperature on the growth of E.coli in fresh pork, where the interaction between the two factors was significant (P&lt; 0.05), with the R² of 0.815. In the verification test, the prediction model revealed that the bias factor (B<inf>f</inf>) and accuracy factor (A<inf>f</inf>) were close to 1, indicating high accuracy and adaptability of the model. These models could effectively fit the growth rule of Escherichia coli in the chilled pork, providing a sound theoretical basis to predict bacterial change during product storage.<br/></div> &copy; 2021, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Predictive analytics
Controlled terms:Escherichia coli - Fluorescence - Food safety - Food storage - Forecasting - Meats - Proteins - Spoilage - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical transformations - Determination coefficients - Green fluorescent protein - Mathematical prediction models - Maximum specific growth rates - Response surface modeling - Storage temperatures - Verification tests
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 741.1  Light/Optics - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 822.1  Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.44e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2021.01.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.