<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20211310130552
Title:Effects of drip irrigation technical parameters on cotton growth, soil moisture and salinity in Southern Xinjiang
Title of translation:滴灌技术参数对南疆棉花生长和土壤水盐的影响
Authors:Zhang, Yingchun (1); Zhang, Fucang (1); Fan, Junliang (1); Hou, Xianghao (1); Wang, Haidong (1); Liu, Xiang (1); He, Pingru (1); Xue, Zhanqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fucang(zhangfc@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:107-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An optimal irrigation management needs to clarify the effects of technical parameters on the crop growth, dry matter accumulation, seed yield, and the distribution of water and salt in soil. In this study, a two-year field experiment was conducted from April to October in 2018 and 2019, to investigate the effects of various amount of drip irrigation and emitter discharge rate on cotton growth at the 31st Regiment in Korla of Southern Xinjiang (86°56'58″E, 40°53'03″N). Three levels of drip irrigation were designed, including the full irrigation (W3:100% ETc, ETc is the crop evapotranspiration), moderate irrigation (W2:80% ETc), and low irrigation (W1:60% ETc). Two of emitter discharge rate (1.8 and 2.4 L/h) were applied to explore the optimal combination of drip irrigation amount and emitter discharge rate for cotton production, resulting in a total of six treatments with three replicates. Cotton growth indexes were measured, including the yield and its components, soil water moisture, and soil salinity. The main results were as follows: 1) There were significant effects of irrigation amount and emitter discharge rate on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and its components. In the bolling opening stage of 2018 and 2019, the plant height in the W1 treatment decreased by 10.40% and 11.22%, compared with that in the W3, respectively. The leaf area index in the W1 treatment was 22.52% and 44.16% lower than that in the W3. The plant height in the W1 treatment was 11.38% and 4.64% lower than that in the W3, when the emitter discharge rate was D<inf>2.4</inf>. The leaf area index in the W1 treatment was 24.55% and 53.83% lower than that in the W3. At the same rate of emitter discharge, the growth indexes, yield and its components of cotton increased with the increase of irrigation amount. Specifically, the cotton growth indexes, seed cotton yield and its components of W3 were significantly higher than those of W1 and W2. Under the same irrigation amount, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, effective boll number, 100-boll weight, and seed cotton yield were higher at the emitter discharge rate of D<inf>2.4</inf>, compared with those of D<inf>1.8</inf>. In 2018 and 2019, the yields of three irrigations amount under D<inf>2.4</inf> increased by 4.81%, 8.39%, 4.69% and 4.98%, 7.23% and 11.06%, compared with those under D<inf>1.8</inf>. The corresponding water use efficiency under D<inf>2.4</inf> was 13.48%, 5.44%, 8.99% and 5.61%, 5.36%,0.84% higher than that under D<inf>1.8</inf>, respectively. 2) The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. In W1 treatment, there was significantly higher than those of other irrigation treatments, at the same emitter discharge rate. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency at the emitter discharge rate of D<inf>2.4</inf> were significantly higher than those D<inf>1.8</inf> under the same irrigation amount. 3) The irrigation amount and emitter discharge rate had significant effects on soil water content and salinity distribution. The soil water content in the W3 was higher than those of W1 and W2 at the same emitter discharge rate. The distribution of soil water content in the D<inf>2.4</inf> was more uniform than that in the D<inf>1.8</inf> under the same irrigation amount. In the salinity of 0-40 cm soil layer, a gradual accumulation trend occurred during the whole growing season of cotton. The soil salinity decreased with the increase of irrigation amount at the same emitter discharge rate. The soil salinity in the D<inf>2.4</inf> was lower than that of D<inf>1.8</inf>. When the irrigation amount was 100% ETc and the emitter discharge rate was D<inf>2.4</inf>, the soil water content was higher, the horizontal distribution of soil profile was more uniform, and the soil salinity was lower, indicating an optimal combination of parameters for the cotton growth. These results demonstrate that the irrigation amount of W3 (100%ETc) combined with emitter discharge rate of 2.4 L/h can be the optimal irrigation strategy for the cotton production in Southern Xinjaing, with the highest seed cotton yield of 7361.44 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2018, and 7837.91 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2019, respectively. This finding can provide a theoretical basis to guide the efficient cotton production with water saving and salt control in the Korla region of Southern Xinjiang, China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Cotton - Crops - Efficiency - Soil moisture - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Crop evapotranspiration - Distribution of water - Dry matter accumulation - Horizontal distribution - Irrigation management - Irrigation treatments - Irrigation water use efficiency - Salinity distributions
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.35e+01%, Percentage 2.25e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 4.64e+00%, Percentage 4.69e+00%, Percentage 4.81e+00%, Percentage 4.98e+00%, Percentage 5.36e+00%, Percentage 5.38e+01%, Percentage 5.44e+00%, Percentage 5.61e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.23e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.39e+00%, Percentage 8.99e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20211310130499
Title:Development and experiment of double cavity pneumatic rice precision direct seeder
Title of translation:双腔气力式水稻精量水田直播机设计与试验
Authors:Xing, He (1); Zhang, Guozhong (1); Han, Yuhang (1); Gao, Yuan (1); Zha, Xiantao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Guozhong(zhanggz@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:29-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice is one of the main food crops for more than 50% of the world's population. Mechanized rice direct seeding was roughly divided into broadcast seeding, drilling and hill seeding. The broadcast seeding was not conducive to the field growth and management, where the seeding precision was low, the distribution of rice seeds was irregular in the field, and the uniformity of seedling emergence was not good. In the drill seeding, the field distribution was better regular than that in the broadcast seeding. Since about 50% of rice planting area in China is hybrid rice at present, the drill seeding cannot meet the requirements of hybrid rice seeding, particularly suitable for the conventional rice because of its large seeding rate. The hybrid rice has stronger tillering ability and higher yield, compared with the conventional rice. Furthermore, only 3-5 seeds/hill is needed to form high-yield structure, when the mechanized direct seeding was adopted. In this study, a double-cavity pneumatic precision direct seeder was designed for the hybrid rice, with the seeding rate of 3-5 seeds/hill as the goal, thereby to meet the requirement of hybrid rice direct seeding in the field. The seeder was mainly composed of a double-cavity pneumatic seed metering device, gasoline vortex pump, negative pressure pipeline, ditching equipment, and transmission system, where the seed metering device was introduced, and the transmission system was designed. The vacuum pump was also selected, where the gradient reducing pipeline was designed to provide the air flow of negative pressure, according to the negative pressure of seed metering device. Taking the hybrid rice Yongyou 4949 as experimental materials, a field test was carried out under the various negative pressure of sucking seed, and forward speed of seeder (i.e., the rotation speed of sucking seed plate). An attempt was made to explore the effects of sucking seed negative pressure and the forward speed on seeding precision of double-cavity pneumatic rice precision direct seeder. As such, a new type of pneumatic direct seeder was designed with a double cavity for rice precision seeding, according to the requirement of direct seeding of hybrid rice in the field. A field experiment was also carried out to obtain the best working parameters, after the design for the main working parts of the seeder. The results showed that the average seeding qualified rate (3-5 seeds/hill rate) of seeder was 91.04%, the probability of 0-2 seeds/hill was 2.23%, the probability more than 5 seeds/hill was 6.73%, the average number of seeding was 4.16, and the variation coefficient of seeding qualified was 1.24%, when the negative pressure of sucking seed was 3.2 kPa and the forward speed of seeder was low (0.2-0.4 m/s). Two factors can be contributed to the values of parameters in field tests lower than those in laboratory tests. The uneven mud surface can determine the field work of seeder, due to the complex environment of field seeding can be detrimental to the performance of seed sucking, particularly on the vibration of seeder. In the uneven distribution of negative pressure, there was a significant influence on the seeding precision of seeds metering devices, where the others would not be able to achieve the optimal negative pressure of seed sucking, when some of seed-metering devices reached. In the field test, the probability of 0 seed/hill was 0. Compared with the original seeder with the single cavity and single sucking plate, the pneumatic rice precision direct seeder with the double cavity can effectively improve the probability of 0 seed/hill. The seeding precision can meet the requirement of direct seeding of hybrid rice in the field. The finding can provide a sound reference for the precision direct seeding and equipment of hybrid rice.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Drills - Hybrid materials - Infill drilling - Pipelines - Plates (structural components) - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Pneumatics - Probability - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Complex environments - Experimental materials - Field distribution - Seed metering devices - Seedling emergence - Transmission systems - Variation coefficient - Working parameters
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 632.3 Pneumatics - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.24e+00%, Percentage 2.23e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.73e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Pressure 3.20e+03Pa, Velocity 2.00e-01m/s to 4.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20211310130732
Title:Research progress of the relief of anaerobic digestion inhibitions based on direct interspecies electron transfer
Title of translation:直接种间电子传递对缓解厌氧消化抑制效应的研究进展
Authors:Si, Buchun (1); Liu, Kaiqiang (1); Lin, Xinyu (1); Liu, Zhidan (1); Yang, Gaixiu (2); Zhang, Yuanhui (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (3) Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana; IL; 61801, United States
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:227-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic digestion is one of the most effective technologies to valorize biomass waste for bioenergy production. However, complex characteristics of raw materials and varied operating conditions of the reactor resulted in multiple inhibitions during anaerobic digestion. Therefore, improving the performance of anaerobic reactors and reducing the inhibitory effects have attracted increasing attentions. Unlike mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET) by hydrogen or formic acid, direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) can directly transfer electrons among microbes. Establishing DIET could enhance the stability of digestion, improve reaction efficiencies, and relieve inhibitory effects during anaerobic digestion. However, DIET is still in its infancy stage. To this end, this study aim to summarize the main mechanisms of interspecific electron transfer, in particular, review and discuss the effects of DIET on relief of inhibitions of anaerobic digestion. DIET can be established via e-pili, OmcS and conductive materials between syntrophic bacteria and methanogens. Compared with electron transfer via MIET, DIET shows several advantages. Electron transfer rate of DIET is 8-9 times that of MIET. In addition, DIET does not depend on the medium to transfer electrons, which indicates that it has no requirement of hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenases, thus avoiding unnecessary energy loss. What's more, during the DIET, electrons are directly transferred between bacteria and methanogens, and it avoids the loss of electrons caused by the diffusion to surrounding environment. Further, the effects of DIET on different inhibitions were summarized and discussed. Present studies indicated the inhibitions caused by nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, aromatic organics and furans, and accumulated volatile fatty acids could be significantly relived with the establishment of DIET. In addition, DIET was also proved could effectively improve the anaerobic digestion with inorganic inhibitors, high content of ammonia and sulfur-containing compounds. Adding conductive materials or ethanol could stimulate the establishment of DIET and enrich DIET related microbes, so as to alleviate the inhibitory effects and strengthen the activities of microbial communities. The enriched DIET related microorganisms were also summarized in this review. So far, microbes included Geobacter metallireducens, Geobacter sulfurreducens,Syntrophus aciditrophicus and Methanothrix harundinacea,Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanosarcina horonobensis,Methanosarcina mazei were confirmed involved in DIET. Other syntrophic bacteria, such as Desulfovibrio, Syntrophus, Syntrophobacter, Pseudomonas, Thauera, Rhodoferax, Clostridium, Syntrophomonas, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Tepidimicrobium, Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, Anaerolinea and Gordonia showed a potential to establish DIET with Methanogens. Lastly, future researches and application prospects of DIET for relieving inhibitions of anaerobic digestion were proposed. 1) The direct evidence for verifying DIET related microbes should be provided. Most of present studies proposed DIET related microorganisms were based on indirect evidence, such as the specific enrichment by conductive materials and improved methane production; 2) It has been speculated that hydrogenotrophic methanogens also participated in DIET. However, MIET will also be promoted in the system dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The roles of DIET and MIET during anaerobic digestion with inhibitors are desperate to reveal; 3) In depth mechanisms of relieved inhibitions via addition of conductive materials need further exploration. There is an urgent requirement for building up the corresponding relationship between physicochemical properties of additives and establishment of DIET; 4) The techno-economic analyses and environmental evaluations of conductive materials should be conducted to provide insights for commercial application of DIET enhanced anaerobic digestion.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:73
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Additives - Ammonia - Bacteria - Biomass - Conductive materials - Economic analysis - Electron transitions - Electron transport properties - Energy dissipation - Methanogens - Physicochemical properties - Sulfur compounds - Volatile fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Electron transfer rates - Environmental evaluation - Geobacter sulfurreducens - Hydrogenotrophic methanogens - Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds - Sulfur containing compound - Surrounding environment - Techno-Economic analysis
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 708.2 Conducting Materials - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20211310130441
Title:Effects of irrigation frequency and fertilization amount on active ingredient accumulation and morbidity of Panax notoginseng
Title of translation:灌水频率和施肥量对三七有效成分积累与发病率的影响
Authors:Tang, Jiankai (1); Han, Huanhao (1); Liu, Bing (2); Yang, Qiliang (1); Liu, Xiaogang (1); Liu, Yanwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) College of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qiliang(yangqilianglovena@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:55-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Panax notoginseng is a type of well-known traditional Chinese medicine. The root of Panax notoginseng has many healing effects on the blood system, cardiovascular system, brain, vascular system, nervous system, metabolism, and immune regulation. As the main herbal producing area, Yunnan province has planted Panax notoginseng from 4 300 hm<sup>2</sup> in 2006 to 20 000 hm<sup>2</sup> in 2016, increasing by 3.7 times. Output quantity has nearly doubled increased from 3.78×10<sup>6</sup> kg in 2006 to 7×10<sup>6</sup> kg in 2016. Nevertheless, the per unit area yield of Panax notoginseng decreased from 900 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2003 to 350 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2016, released by a current comparative analysis. Two reasons can contribute to the decrease: 1) The unreasonable management of water and fertilizer can lead to frequent occurrence of Panax notoginseng diseases, due possibly to the growth of Panax notoginseng is sensitive to soil moisture and nutrients, liking shade and wet environment. 2) 3-7 years are highly demanding for Panax notoginseng from planting to harvest. Continuous cropping obstacles in the planting process are also leading to the decreased yield with the increased incidence of disease. To increase Panax notoginseng yield, large amounts of chemical, organic and foliar fertilizers are used to promote Panax notoginseng growth, while large amounts of pesticides are sprayed to control the planting diseases. This study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount on active component accumulation, and morbidity of Panax notoginseng. The native 2-year-old Panax notoginseng was chosen as experiment material. A field experiment was conducted during growing seasons in an experimental Panax notoginseng base in Kunming University of Science and Technology. Four levels of irrigation frequency were set: W1 (3 d irrigation once), W2 (5 d irrigation once), W3 (7 d irrigation once), and W4 (9 d irrigation once). Two fertilizer levels were F1 (75 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and F2 (150 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). A complete combination was adopted with a total of 8 treatments. The results showed that with the reduce of irrigation frequency, the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Panax notoginseng increased at first and then decreased, and the photosynthetic rate maximum under W2 treatment. The variation trends of plant height, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width under various treatments were roughly the same, all of them indicating the maximum was obtained in the fruit stage,and the overground part of Panax notoginseng stops growing. The water potential of Panax notoginseng leaves first increased and then decreased, with the reduce of irrigation frequency, indicating the largest was achieved under W2 treatment. Under the combination of sub low-frequency irrigation and high-fertilizer W3F2, the accumulation of active components in Panax notoginseng root was the largest (1 084.93 mg/kg). In addition, with the reduce of irrigation frequency, the incidences of root rot of Panax notoginseng and black spot disease were the highest (15.79% and 3.41%, respectively) under the condition of high-frequency irrigation W1. The incidence of dry leaf disease was the lowest, only 1.11%. A combination treatment of sub low-frequency irrigation W3 (7-day irrigation once) and high-fertilizer F2 (150 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) under the conditions of micro-sprinkling irrigation was suitable for the accumulation of effective components in Panax notoginseng roots was high, with a low incidence of disease. This finding can provide an important theoretical guidance to optimize the water and fertilizer management of panax notoginseng, and thereby to realize its green and sustainable development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Diseases
Controlled terms:Cardiovascular system - Disease control - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Sustainable development - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Combination treatments - Comparative analysis - Continuous cropping obstacles - Fertilizer management - High frequency irrigation - Science and Technology - Sprinkling irrigation - Traditional Chinese Medicine
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 3.00e+00yr to 7.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.11e+00%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 3.41e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20211310130673
Title:Grey entropy analysis of strength and pore structure evolution of cement-solidified Pisha sandstone
Title of translation:水泥固化砒砂岩强度与孔隙结构演变的灰熵关联分析
Authors:Liu, Xin (1, 2); Shen, Xiangdong (1); Xue, Huijun (1); Liu, Qian (3); Geng, Kaiqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Department of Civil Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos; 017000, China; (3) College of Civil Engineering and Architectural, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621010, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Xiangdong(ndsxd@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:125-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pisha sandstone is a kind of weakly cemented sandstone with loose structure and low diagenesis. In order to study the evolution of the growth and development of the pore structure of cement-solidified Pisha sandstone and its influence on compressive strength, the samples of cement-solidified Pisha sandstone with cement content of 4%, 7% and 10% were prepared, and their unconfined compressive strength and microscopic morphology were tested. The transverse relaxation time and pore characteristic parameters of samples with different curing ages were tested by nuclear magnetic resonance. According to the relationship between the transverse relaxation time and pore size, the pore radius of the three sets of patterns were converted and divided into four intervals: micro pores (0-0.1 μm), mesopores (>0.1-1 μm), macropores (>1-10 μm), and crack pores (>10 μm). The relationships between pore characteristic parameters and pore radius on strength of cement-solidified Pisha sandstone was analyzed by using the grey correlation entropy method, and the grey prediction model of pore structure and compressive strength was established. The results showed that the compressive strength of cement-solidified Pisha sandstone increased with curing age, and the hydrated gelling products ettringite (AFt) and hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) improved the internal pore structure of the sample through expansion filling and cementation. The transverse relaxation time spectrum of cement- solidified Pisha sandstone presented a "double peak" structure. As the curing age increased, the first peak tended to move to the left, but the peak signal amplitude was basically unchanged, the second peak was shifted to the direction of the medium and large apertures and the peak signal volume tended to decrease. After 28 days of hydration reaction, the bound fluid index increased from 63.17% to 64.30%, and the porosity decreased from 30.96% to 28.42%, the porosity and bound fluid index were negatively correlated as a whole. In the process of hydration reaction, the most probable aperture moved to the direction of small pore size, ranging from 67 nm to 47 nm. With the increase of cement content, the proportion of the most probable aperture gradually decreased from 1.976% to 1.821%, the proportion of pore size in the range of 0-0.1 μm increased first and then decreased, but the proportion of pore radius in the range of 0.1-10 μm showed the opposite trend. The bound fluid index and the proportion of the pore radius of 0-0.1 μm had the most significant influence on the compressive strength, the GM (1,3) grey model had the high prediction accuracy, and the relative errors between predictive values and test values ranged -10.46%-6.77%. This study can provide valuable information for the improvement and solidification of loose Pisha sandstone in engineering projects.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Compressive strength
Controlled terms:Calcium silicate - Cement industry - Cements - Curing - Hydration - Pore size - Pore structure - Predictive analytics - Relaxation time - Sandstone - Silicates
Uncontrolled terms:Engineering project - Grey prediction model - Growth and development - Hydrated calcium silicates - Microscopic morphology - Pore characteristics - Transverse relaxation time - Unconfined compressive strength
Classification code:412.1 Cement - 482.2 Minerals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.67e-02yr, Percentage -1.05e+01% to 6.77e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+00% to 1.82e+00%, Percentage 3.10e+01% to 2.84e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 6.32e+01% to 6.43e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-07m, Size 1.00e-07m to 1.00e-05m, Size 6.70e-08m to 4.70e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20211310130674
Title:Calculation method of fertilizer concentration at outlet based on differential pressure tank considering fertilizer dissolution
Title of translation:考虑肥料溶解的压差施肥罐出口肥液浓度计算方法
Authors:Hu, Xinyu (1); Yan, Haijun (1); Chen, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xin(chenx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Differential pressure tank is widely used in the fertigation technology in China because of its low cost, simple and convenient. In this study, a theoretical formula was derived for the fertilizer concentration at outlet based on differential pressure tank considering fertilizer dissolution. The continuity equation for fertilizer transportation and diffusion with source term was used to obtain the differential equation for the fertilizer concentration at outlet. The influence of fertilizer dissolution on the fertilizer concentration at outlet was described by parameters considering the actual process of fertilizer dissolution, and the theoretical formula was obtained for the fertilizer concentration at outlet. In the theoretical formula, one parameter represented the initial dissolution rate of fertilizer in the tank, and the other parameter described the decreasing speed of fertilizer dissolution rate in the tank. When the parameters in the theoretical formula took a specific value, the theoretical formula could be transformed into the classical exponential formula of fertilizer concentration. The variations of source term and fertilizer concentration at outlet with time were further discussed when the parameters took different values. Compared with the experimental data, the theoretical formula considering fertilizer dissolution was suitable for different fertilization experiments and fertilization conditions, and achieved more accurate prediction for fertilizer concentration at outlet than the classical exponential formula and the experimental regression formulas. The classical exponential formula was obviously underestimated for the fertilization experiments with obvious fertilizer dissolution, and the experimental regression formulas were also overestimated or underestimated to some extent for some experimental results. The average values of mean absolute error, root mean square error, geometric mean bias, geometric variance and the fraction of computations within two times the deviation for the theoretical formula were 0.04, 0.06, 0.89, 1.19 and 88.26%, respectively, which verified the accuracy of the theoretical formula for the prediction of fertilizer concentration at outlet. For the classical exponential formula and the experimental regression formulas, the average values of geometric mean bias and geometric variance deviated from the reasonable range, and the deviation for some experiments was very distinct. The average mean absolute error of the theoretical formula for typical cases was 0.020. The mean absolute errors for the classical exponential formula and the experimental regression formulas were 0.102, 0.127 and 0.124, which were 5.1, 6.4 and 6.2 times of the theoretical formula. On this basis, the uniform fertilization method under differential pressure tank was further illustrated considering fertilizer dissolution when the fertilizer concentration in the tank was saturated continuously and the sufficient fertilizer was supplied for long-term dissolution and fertilization. The fertilizer amount dissolved in the tank was always equal to the fertilizer amount flowing out of the tank in this particular case. At this point, the uniform fertilization of constant fertilization flux and optimal fertilizer concentration can be realized by setting an appropriate main pipe flux. The theoretical formula considering fertilizer dissolution calculates the fertilizer concentration at outlet precisely, and provides a feasible scheme for uniform fertilization under differential pressure tank.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Differential equations - Dissolution - Errors - Geometry - Mean square error - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate prediction - Continuity equations - Differential pressures - Exponential formula - Fertilization experiment - Mean absolute error - Optimal fertilizers - Root mean square errors
Classification code:619.2 Tanks - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics - 921.2 Calculus - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.19e+00%, Percentage 8.83e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20211310130469
Title:Adsorption of Cu and Cd by biochars with various contents of endogenous heavy metals and their responses to aging
Title of translation:不同内源重金属生物炭对Cu和Cd吸附及其对老化作用的响应
Authors:Cui, Hongbiao (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yuming (1, 2, 3); Ye, Huichun (4); Zhang, Xue (1, 2, 3); Dong, Tingting (1, 2, 3); Yi, Qitao (1, 2); Zhang, Shiwen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan; 232001, China; (2) Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Water and Soil Resources and Construction of Ecological Protection in Mining Area with High Groundwater Level, Huainan; 232001, China; (3) Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Wuhu; 241003, China; (4) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shiwen(mamin1190@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:203-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its potential use in environmental remediation. The application of biochar may adsorb heavy metals from wastewater and decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The concentrations of endogenous heavy metals in biochar are significant higher than in its feedstock after pyrolysis treatment. However, limits for heavy metals in biochars are lacking in some countries, which may lead to potential environmental risk resulting from the large-scale application of biochars rich in heavy metals. Therefore, three kinds of biochars named RB, SB, and JB with various contents of Cu and Cd were prepared from the straws of Pennisetum sinese grew in clean soil, moderately-polluted, and highly-polluted soils by heavy metals, respectively. The physicochemical properties of three biochars were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Adsorption capacities of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> for three biochars were evaluated by batch experiments. Finally, the effects of Dry-Wet (DW) and Freeze-Thaw (FT) aging on the stability of heavy metals adsorbed by three biochars with different contents of endogenous heavy metals were investigated. Results showed that large amount of micro-pores were distributed on the surface of biochars, and RB contained the highest pH value and ash content. The XPS analysis indicated that biochars had a lot of organic functional groups, such as C-C/C-H, C-OH, C=O and O=C-OH. The adsorption data were better fitted by Langmuir isotherm model (R<sup>2</sup>=0.951-0.998) for three biochars. Adsorption capacities of Cu<sup>2+</sup> followed the order of RB>SB>JB, and the order of RB>JB>SB for adsorption capacities of Cd<sup>2+</sup>. RB had the highest adsorption amounts of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup> with 54.3 and 37.3 mg/g among three biochars, respectively. Similarly, the highest concentrations of total Cu and Cd after saturated adsorption were found in RB with 21.4 and 4.78 mg/g, respectively. DW and FT aging significantly changed the bioavailability of Cu and Cd in three biochars after saturated adsorption. DW aging significantly reduced the TCLP-extractable Cu in biochar after saturated adsorption compared with that of FT aging. For instance, concentrations of TCLP-extractable Cu in SB-DW and SB-FT were decreased by 1.57 and 0.39 times than that of SB. Moreover, DW aging promoted the transformation of Cu from acid-soluble and residual fractions to reducible and oxidizable fractions, and reduced the environmental risk of Cu. However, DW and FT aging significantly increased the TCLP-extractable Cd in biochars after saturated adsorption, promoted the transformation of Cd from residual fraction to acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions, and increased the environmental risk of Cd. Especially for RB-DW and RB-FT, contents of acid-soluble Cd were increased by 6.55 and 7.99 times than that of RB. It may be due to the surface complexation and chemical precipitation played key roles for the adsorption of Cu and Cd, respectively. In short, RB retained the highest amount of Cu and Cd, but DW and FT aging increased the environmental risk of Cd in three biochars after saturated adsorption. The study is of great significance for evaluating the long-term remediation stabilization of biochar.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Cadmium metallography
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Biochemistry - Cadmium - Copper - Copper metallography - Isotherms - Physicochemical properties - Precipitation (chemical) - Scanning electron microscopy - Soil pollution - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Chemical precipitation - Environmental remediation - Heavy metals in soil - Langmuir isotherm models - Large-scale applications - Organic functional groups - Surface complexation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 544.1 Copper - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20211310130482
Title:Effects of C/N ratio on maturity and odor emissions during chicken manure composting
Title of translation:碳氮比对鸡粪堆肥腐熟度和臭气排放的影响
Authors:Ma, Ruonan (1); Li, Danyang (1); Qi, Chuanren (1); Li, Guoxue (1); Wang, Guoying (1); Liu, Yan (1); Sun, Shaoze (1); Yuan, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Jing(jingyuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:194-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A dramatic increase in the amount of chicken manure is posing a great challenge on the social community, ecological environment, and human health, as the growing demand of chicken meat and eggs in China. Fortunately, composting process is an effective, sustainable, economic and natural way to recycle the decomposed organic materials, with an emphasis on the manure treatment prior to land application. Nevertheless, there are usually lots of odor emissions during the composting of nitrogen-rich chicken manure. The C/N ratio of raw materials markedly determines the compost maturity and the odor emissions during composting. At present, lots of previous studies focused on the effect of C/N ratio on the compost maturity and quality. However, only a few reports paid attention to the odor (NH<inf>3</inf> or H<inf>2</inf>S) emissions during chicken manure composting. In this study, three C/N ratios, including 14, 18 and 22, were selected from the co-composted chicken manure and cornstalks as the bulking agent, to improve the compost quality, while decrease the odor emissions. An attempt was made to explore the comprehensive effect of C/N ratio on maturity and odor emissions (NH<inf>3</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>S) during chicken manure composting. The aeration was in an intermittent mode (Sated 30 min, stopped 30 min), and the rate was 0.2 m<sup>3</sup>/h. The composting lasted 35 days, where the sampled on the day of 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, respectively. The basic physicochemical and maturity indexes were measured, including temperature (T), oxygen (O<inf>2</inf>), inorganic nitrogen content (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N), pH value (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, Germination Index (GI), and the element content (C, N and S). Odor emissions (NH<inf>3</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>S) were continuously monitored daily. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was also used to analyze the microbial community composition, as well as their correlation with physicochemical indexes and odor emissions. The results showed that the final compost with the C/N ratio of 14 was not mature, while both the treatment with the C/N ratios of 18 and 22 reached the maturity standard. In terms of odor emissions, the C/N ratio of 18 treatment had the highest NH<inf>3</inf> emission, because of the higher degradation of organic matter. When the C/N ratio ranged from 18 to 22, the NH<inf>3</inf> emission and total nitrogen (TN) loss decreased with the C/N ratio increased. In addition, the cumulative H<inf>2</inf>S emission and the total sulfur (TS) loss were the highest in the C/N ratio of 14 treatment, while those in the C/N ratio of 18 and 22 treatments greatly decreased, indicating no significant difference. Moreover, the C/N ratio of 18 treatment had the highest microbial diversity, compared with other two treatments during the whole composting period. Furthermore, the microbial community compositions in the C/N ratios of 14 and 18 treatments (Firmicutes) were significantly different from those in the C/N ratio of 22 treatment (Actinobacteria and Firmicutes). More importantly, the CCA showed high temperature, high pH, and hypoxic environment can be beneficial to the proliferation of Firmicutes, and thereby to promote the emission of H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf>. In an opposite case, high abundance of Actinobacteria can decrease the H<inf>2</inf>S and NH<inf>3</inf> emission. As such, the recommended C/N ratio was 18~22 during co-composting of chicken manure and cornstalk. Specifically, the appropriate ratio can also be determined according to the number of cornstalks.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Animals - Composting - Fertilizers - Hydrogen sulfide - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Odor control
Uncontrolled terms:Canonical Correspondence Analysis - Composted chicken manure - Comprehensive effect - Ecological environments - Electrical conductivity - Hypoxic environments - Microbial community composition - Microbial diversity
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 9.59e-02yr, Time 1.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20211310130451
Title:Measurement and calibration of physical property parameters for Agropyron seeds in a discrete element simulation
Title of translation:冰草种子物性参数测定与离散元仿真参数标定
Authors:Hou, Zhanfeng (1); Dai, Nianzu (1); Chen, Zhi (1); Qiu, Yi (2); Zhang, Xiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, College of Transportation Engineering, Yangzhou; 225127, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zhi(sgchenzhi@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:46-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agropyron, a perennial xerophytic grass of the gramineae, is one of the most widespread grass species in arid and semi-arid areas. In artificial grasslands on the dry land, Agropyron is also commonly used in the process of reseeding in grazing areas and spray sowing, due mainly to its drought resistance, as well as cold and grazing tolerance. In addition, the roots of wheatgrass are whisker-like, densely growing, and sand-gathering, particularly for the soil and water conservation, as well as wind-proof and sand-fixing. Therefore, the accuracy of physical parameters is highly demanding in the process of pelleting and coating on Agropyron seeds using a discrete element method. In this study, a novel approach combined physical and simulation test was proposed to calibrate the physical parameters used in an EDEM software. A physical test was conducted to determine the basic physical parameters of Agropyron seeds (dimensions, thousand-grain weight, density, moisture content, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, and shear modulus), and the contact parameters (static friction coefficient, rolling friction coefficient, and collision restitution coefficient). The measurement values from the physical test indicated that: In the friction pair of Agropyron seed-Agropyron seed, the collision restitution coefficient ranged from 0.45 to 0.65, the static friction coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 0.7, and the rolling friction coefficient ranged from 0.6 to 0.9, whereas, in the Agropyron seed-steel plate, the collision restitution coefficient ranged from 0.4 to 0.6, the static friction coefficient ranged from 0.2 to 0.4, and the rolling friction coefficient ranged from 0.3 to 0.6. A Plackett-Burman design was carried out to select the physical parameters from the physical test for the later use in the simulation test. The results show that between the Agropyron seed-Agropyron seed, the static friction coefficient, the rolling friction coefficient, and the collision restitution coefficient have a significant effect on the angle of repose. A steepest climbing test was further used to determine the optimal ranges of three parameters. In the Box-Behnken test, the second-order regression equation of the repose angle, and the saliency parameter were established, where an optimal repose angle (30.54°) was used to optimize the model. The best simulation parameters were then achieved: The collision restitution coefficient of Agropyron seed-Agropyron seed was 0.54, the static friction coefficient of Agropyron seed-Agropyron seed was 0.57, and the rolling friction coefficient of Agropyron seed-Agropyron seed was 0.74. In the two-sample T test, there no significant difference in the repose angle from the physical and simulation test (P>0.05). The relative error of repose angle was 1.037%, where the simulation (30.86°) and physical test (30.54°) were under the optimal combination of parameters, indicating the reliability of the simulation test. As such, the optimized parameters that obtained by calibration can be used in the discrete element simulation for the pelletizing and coating process of Agropyron seeds.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Calibration - Coatings - Elastic moduli - Software testing - Soil conservation - Stiction - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Collision restitution coefficient - Discrete element simulation - Physical property parameters - Plackett-Burman designs - Simulation parameters - Soil and water conservation - Static friction coefficient
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 813.2 Coating Materials - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20211310130464
Title:Design and test of vertical spiral organic fertilizer spreading device
Title of translation:立式有机肥螺旋撒肥装置设计与试验
Authors:Lyu, Jinqing (1); Sun, Yukai (1); Li, Jicheng (1); Li, Zihui (1); Liu, Zhongyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:19-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China has ranked first in the total output and use of chemical fertilizers in the world, as the increase of grain production. Generally, the single nutrient element of chemical fertilizer makes the fertilizer effect short and fast. If using for a long time, the fertilizer can cause soil hardening, soil fertility decline, even to decrease the quality of agricultural products. Alternatively, the organic fertilizer can be used to increase the soil organic matter and the permeability of soil, and thereby to ensure the high and stable yield of crops. However, the chemical fertilizer by adding more organic fertilizer behaves a high viscosity and fluidity, which makes it difficult to spread. In this study, a vertical spiral spreading device for the organic fertilizer was designed, in order to automatically crush organic fertilizer, and then to spread it wide. The specific processes were as follows: Firstly, the overall structure of device was preliminarily optimized. The vertical spiral spreading device for the organic fertilizer was mainly composed of the fertilizer spreading disc, spiral axis, beam, balance block, spiral blade, fertilizer spreading and crushing blade. The latter three were the key components of crushing organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the fertilizer spreading and spiral blade were the key components of spreading organic fertilizer. A kinematic model of organic fertilizer in air was established to determine the influencing factors in the process of fertilizer spreading. The test factors included the rotational speed of spiral axis, inclination angle of fertilizer spreading disc, and screw pitch of spiral blade. The coefficient of variation and the fertilizer spreading width were set as the test indicators to evaluate the operation effect of the device, according to the fertilizer application standards. A field test was conducted at the Northeast Agricultural University in July, 2020. A rectangular area with the size of 10 m×8 m was set on the ground for data collection, and then the whole area was divided into many small squares with the size of 0.5 m×0.5 m for measurement. During the test, the fertilizer spreading width was first measured, and then the organic fertilizer was weighed, finally, where all test dataset was recorded. A Design-Expert 8.0.6 software was used to analyze the influence of each test factor and their interaction on each test indicator, and then a relationship was established between each test indicator and the regression equation of each test factor. An optimal combined range of all test factors was achieved via balancing the stability of the device and its economic considerations. A dataset was selected in the optimal range for the verification test: When the rotational speed of spiral axis was 385 r/min, the inclination angle of fertilizer spreading disc was 16°, and screw pitch of spiral blade was 360 mm, indicating that the coefficient of variation was 14.0%, and the fertilize spreading width was 8.1 m. The values were basically consistent with those of software calculation, indicating that can meet the national standards and the requirements of organic fertilizer application. The vertical spiral spreading device has good performance on spreading organic fertilizer, providing for a sound reference for the design and optimization of organic fertilizer spreader.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Application programs - Crushing - Kinematics - Screws - Software testing - Soils - Statistical tests - Verification
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Coefficient of variation - Design and optimization - Economic considerations - Fertilizer applications - Organic fertilizers - Software calculations - Soil organic matters
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.85e+02RPM, Size 3.60e-01m, Size 8.10e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20211310130468
Title:Effects of gravel addition on unconfined compressive strength of Benggang soil
Title of translation:添加砾石对崩岗岩土无侧限抗压强度的影响
Authors:Yang, Caidi (1, 2); Niu, Yuhua (1); Zhang, Xiaoming (1, 3); Wei, Jie (1); Zuo, Zhiling (1); Zhang, Ruiyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xiaoming(zxm_huanong@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:118-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Benggang, a typical geo-hazard, is widely distributed in the granite area of southern China. It is characterized by strong sudden onset and rapid development, and is usually accompanied by a large amount of soil and water loss, which poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Previous studies have focused on Benggang soil erosion process and the influencing factors, sediment yield characteristics and hydrodynamics mechanism. However, there is still limited study on mechanical strength effect of gravel addition on Benggang soil and its engineering application. This study explored the effects of gravel addition on unconfined compressive strength of Benggang soil. Different combinations of gravel content (5%, 10%, and 15%), diameter (2-4, 5-7, and 8-10 mm), and shape (round and angular gravels) were considered. In addition, soil without gravel addition was considered as control. In June 2018, the Benggang soil was sampled. Eluvial layer A, argic layer Bt, deposition layer B, and parent layer C were distributed along the soil profile. The physic-chemical properties of these soil samples were measured. The unconfined compressive strength values of different combinations of soils were also determined. The results showed that the eluvial layer A had relatively uniform particle size, good structure, and fine texture. However, the contents of particle sizes differed greatly in the other three layers, with weak adhesive, poor texture, and loose particles. The average value of unconfined compressive strength of different combinations was the highest in the eluvial layer A, followed by argic layer Bt, deposition layer B and parent layer C. The unconfined compressive strengths of four soil layers were higher in combinations of 15% gravel content, diameter of 2-4 and 5-7mm, and round shape. The gravel additions increased soil compressive strength by elevating the friction, cohesion and occlusion area of soil particles. The axial stress of all combinations showed the same variation tendency with the increase of axial strain, with four stages of rapid increase, sharp decrease, slow decrease and stable decrease. The axial stress of soil with gravel addition was higher than that of soil without gravel, especially in the eluvial layer A and argic layer Bt. Compared with soil without gravel addition, the unconfined compressive strength of soil with gravel addition increased by 59.56% (eluvial layer A), 71.70% (argic layer Bt), 49.51% (deposition layer B), and 83.64% (parent material layer C), respectively. A positive linear function could describe the relationship between the compressive strength of soil with and without gravels in the four soil layers. Thus, the addition of gravel enhanced the mechanical strength of Benggang soil obviously. The broken degree of soil without gravel was more severe than that of soil with gravel. Overall, the addition of gravel improved soil compressive strength, while the compressive mechanism in different soil layers was quite different. The difference was affected by the friction and concavity of particle shape, and the physic-chemical properties for different soil layers. The results above laid basis for the prevention and control of Benggang erosion, and proposed engineering practice instructions for the treatment of different soil layers.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Chemical properties - Compressive strength - Deposition - Erosion - Friction - Gravel - Particle size - Soil conservation - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Engineering applications - Engineering practices - Physic-chemical properties - Prevention and controls - Soil and water loss - Unconfined compressive strength - Variation tendencies
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 4.95e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.96e+01%, Percentage 7.17e+01%, Percentage 8.36e+01%, Size 5.00e-03m to 7.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m to 1.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20211310130445
Title:Tomato florescence recognition and detection method based on cascaded neural network
Title of translation:基于级联卷积神经网络的番茄花期识别检测方法
Authors:Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2); Wen, Chaowu (1, 2); Lin, Sen (2); Guo, Wenzhong (2); Long, Jiehua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Beijing Agricultural Intelligent Equipment Technology Research Center, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Sen(linseng@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:143-152
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate identification of the flowering state of crops is a prerequisite for pollination of greenhouse crops. In order to improve the accuracy of the florescence recognition, this study proposes a method for recognition and detection the tomato florescence based on cascaded convolutional neural networks. Due to the complex growth environment of tomato flowers, the flowers present small and multi-target distributions, and the same bouquet has the characteristics of flowers of different flowering periods. A single network can realize the recognition of tomato bouquets, but it cannot simultaneously realize the accurate recognition of the flowers in the bouquets with multiple flowering periods, resulting in insufficient flower characteristic information. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a method of cascading two-level neural networks in hopes realize the research of precise identification of tomato flower blooming period, and explore a new identification method for the precise operation of tomato pollination robot. First, the improved Flower Extraction Feature Pyramid Networks (FE-FPN) is used to achieve the region extraction of tomato bouquets, and then the Prim minimum spanning tree is used to prioritize the flowering of the extracted bouquet pictures, and finally the sorted extracted bouquet pictures are input to the improved Yolov3 the network realizes accurate identification of the flowering state of tomato flowers. Shooting at 8:00 am, 12:00 noon, and 6:00 pm, respectively, and experimented on a data set consisting of 1 600 tomato bouquet images, which included bud stage, full opening stage, flowering stage and early fruiting stage respectively. The first cascade improved FE-FPN network used to perform multi-scale prediction and pixel extraction of tomato bouquets, the results indicated the average correct extraction rate is 98.11%, the over extraction rate is 3.56%, and the missing extraction rate is 5.42%. The second cascade network uses an improved multi-scale and multi-input Yolov3 neural network to accurately identify the flowering period of flowers. On the basis of increasing the speed of the network, it increases the fusion of target feature information, and the model recognition rate and accuracy are higher. The average detection accuracy M<inf>AP</inf> for the flowering period of tomato flowers is 82.79%, and the average detection time is 12.54 ms. The average detection accuracy is higher 3.67 and 2.39 percent points than Mask R-CNN and Spatial Pyramid Pooling Networks (SPP-Net), respectively. The recognition error rate is lower 1.25 percent points than the Yolov3 network before the improvement, especially in the recognition accuracy of the flower bud stage. Finally, the method was deployed on the tomato pollination robot and verified in a large glass greenhouse. The recognition rate of complex environment and without missing extraction reaches 85.18%. Due to the great similarity in the color and shape characteristics of the flowering stage and the bud stage, the recognition accuracy of the flowering stage is low. However, when it is deployed to the facility tomato pollination robot in the later, the flowers in the flowering stage do not need to be pollinated. The research results can provide an important basis for the precise operation of intelligent pollination robots.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Crops - Extraction - Fruits - Greenhouses - Image processing - Robots - Stages
Uncontrolled terms:Complex environments - Detection accuracy - Flower characteristics - Identification method - Minimum spanning trees - Multi scale prediction - Recognition accuracy - Shape characteristics
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 731.5 Robotics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.25e+00%, Percentage 2.39e+00%, Percentage 3.56e+00%, Percentage 3.67e+00%, Percentage 5.42e+00%, Percentage 8.28e+01%, Percentage 8.52e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Time 1.25e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20211310130537
Title:Soil quality characteristics of forests and grasslands returned from farmland and their responses to precipitation in the Loess Region of Northern Shaanxi, China
Title of translation:陕北黄土区退耕还林(草)地土壤质量特征及其对降水的响应
Authors:Zhang, Zhiyong (1); Ai, Ning (1, 2); Liu, Guangquan (2); Liu, Changhai (1); Zong, Qiaoyu (1); Liu, Jiao (1); Hao, Baobao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Science, Yan'an University /Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, Yan'an University, Yan'an; 716000, China; (2) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Ai, Ning(aining_office@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to characterize the soil quality of returning farmland to forest (grass) land in the loess region of northern Shaanxi, particularly on its response to the precipitation. Taking Wuqi county, Shaanxi Province as the research area, three precipitation gradients were divided into 370-395, 440-445, and 460-470 mm. Correspondingly, three typical locations were also selected as Wangwazi (370-395 mm), Dajigou (440-445 mm), and Baibao (460-470 mm). A quantitative evaluation was carried out in three precipitation areas, combining with the soil quality index. The comprehensive scores were achieved, including the soil physical structure, water holding capacity, salinity, carbon sink index, and available nutrient index, for the widespread Robinia pseudoacacia, Hippophae rhamnoides, and grassland. An attempt was made to clarify that the soil quality characteristics changed with precipitation gradients after vegetation restoration. The results showed that: 1) Precipitation, vegetation types, and their interaction had significant effects on soil indicators (P<0.05). 2) In the 460-470 mm precipitation area, Robinia pseudoacacia forest (0.829) had the best effect on soil quality improvement, followed by Hippophae rhamnoides forest (0.808). The soil quality of both reached the fertile level, and the difference was not significant. Grassland (0.679) had the lowest soil quality index, and the soil was at a more fertile level. In the 440~445 mm precipitation area, the Hippophae rhamnoides (0.764) had the best comprehensive soil quality indexes, followed by the Robinia pseudoacacia (0.672), both of which reached a relatively fertile level, whereas, the grassland (0.479) had the lowest soil quality index at a medium level. In the 370-395 mm precipitation area, the comprehensive soil quality index of the three vegetation types from large to small was Hippophae rhamnoides forest (0.792), Robinia pseudoacacia forest (0.433), grassland (0.270). The soil quality grade of Hippophae rhamnoides forest was relatively higher. Robinia pseudoacacia forest and grassland were at the medium and barren level, respectively. 3) Within the precipitation gradient of 370-470 mm, the soil quality index of three planting types all decreased with the decrease of precipitation. Among them, the Hippophae rhamnoides forest (2.34%) had the lowest coefficient of variation of the comprehensive index of soil quality, whereas, the Robinia pseudoacacia forest and grassland had higher coefficient of variation (25.27% and 34.34%, respectively). The findings can provide scientific datum and theoretical support to implement ecological forestry projects, with an emphasis on the vegetation restoration and reconstruction under the precipitation gradient of 370-470 mm in the loess area of northern Shaanxi, China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Farms - Forestry - Quality assurance - Restoration - Sediments - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Comprehensive indices - Precipitation gradients - Quality characteristic - Quantitative evaluation - Robinia pseudo-acacia - Vegetation restoration - Water holding capacity
Classification code:483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.34e+00%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 3.43e+01%, Size 3.70e-01m to 3.95e-01m, Size 3.70e-01m to 4.70e-01m, Size 4.40e-01m to 4.45e-01m, Size 4.60e-01m to 4.70e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20211310130487
Title:Effects of ohmic heating on the cooking process energy consumption and quality of cooked rice
Title of translation:欧姆加热对米饭蒸煮过程能耗及其品质的影响
Authors:Ding, Xinting (1); Xiong, Xiufang (1); Li, Shuwang (1); Wang, Shaojin (1); Li, Xingshu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xingshu(xingshu-li@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-318
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice is one of the most important food source for a major portion of the world's population. In cooking rice, a traditional electric cooker has low efficiency of electro-thermal conversion, and low accuracy of temperature control. Alternatively, an ohmic heating has attract much attention, due to its high electro-thermal conversion efficiency, simple structure, easy control of equipment, as well as uniform and rapid heating. In this study, an ohmic heating experimental system was designed for cooking rice. The system was consisted of a control system, an ohmic heating container, and a personal computer. Its function was to collect the voltage, current, and temperature signals, then to send the collected data to the computer. The feedforward compensation was used to control the heating rate, whilst the PID controller was used to control the heat preservation temperature. PWM signals were both output with different duty cycles to adjust the output voltage, achieving the purposes of constant heating rate and heat preservation temperature. A systematic investigation was made to study the effects of soaking time (5, 15, 30, 50, 80 min) and water-rice ratio (1.25:1, 1.50:1, 1.75:1, and 2.00:1 mL/g) on the electrical conductivity of water-rice mixture, ohmic heating rate, energy consumption, and rice quality (expansion ratio, water absorption ratio, physical property value, and color) during ohmic heating. The effect of ohmic heating rate on the rice quality was explored, in order to compare energy consumption and quality of rice cooked by ohmic heating and electric cooker, where the same material and heating process were used during cooking rice. The results showed that during soaking rice, the electrical conductivity of rice-water mixture increased, due to the conductive material inside the rice, indicating an increase in the ohmic heating rate. The soaking rice reduced the energy consumption (P<0.05), further to obtain the soft rice. Nevertheless, there was no any influence on the water absorption ratio, expansion ratio, stickiness, springiness, and color of rice, indicating that the cooking rice by ohmic heating was completely feasible under the situation that the rice had been soaked for 30 min. During the process of ohmic cooking rice, the electrical conductivity of rice-water mixture initially increased with the increase of cooking time, and then gradually decreased during the heat preservation stage. The electrical conductivity of water-rice mixture became greater, as the water-rice ratio increased. At the same time, the volume of water-rice mixture and the rice both showed the trend of being unchanged first, then increasing, and finally tending to balance. The total volume of rice was larger after cooking, as the water-rice ratio increased. The hardness of rice increased (P<0.05), as the heating rate of ohmic cooking was higher, but the stickiness and springiness decreased slightly (P<0.05). The heating rate can be within the range of 3-9 ℃/min. When the water-rice ratio was from 1.25:1 mL/g to 1.50:1 mL/g, the rice tasted better, indicating that the more suitable water-rice ratio was 1.50:1 mL/g to 1.75:1 mL/g in a electric cooker. In addition, the ohmic cooking rice had no heating hysteresis, where the temperature of heating and heat preservation can be control accurately, compared with an electric cooker. In the same amount of rice, the energy consumption of ohmic heating was only 20%-25% of energy required for electric cooker. Compared with an electric cooker, the hardness of rice cooked by ohmic heating can be reduced by 21%, and the expansion ratio and water absorption ratio were larger (P<0.05), while the whiteness value (L*) of rice were lower (P<0.05). This finding can provide a technical support to develop automatic rice cooking device with a high efficiency using ohmic heating.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Water absorption
Controlled terms:Computer control systems - Conductive materials - Cooking - Electric conductivity - Energy utilization - Expansion - Hardness - Heating - Heating rate - Mixtures - Personal computers - Three term control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Electrical conductivity - Experimental system - Feed-forward compensation - Heat preservation - Simple structures - Temperature signal - Thermal conversion - Water absorption ratios
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 708.2 Conducting Materials - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Specific_Volume 1.00e-03m3/kg, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 4.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20211310130562
Title:Experimental study on impact crushing of rapeseed stalks during threshing of oilseed rape
Title of translation:油菜脱粒过程中茎秆碰撞破碎的试验研究
Authors:Zhan, Guangchao (1); Ma, Lina (1, 2); Huang, Xiaomao (1, 2); Zong, Wangyuan (1, 2); Tian, Wei (1); Lin, Zixin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zong, Wangyuan(zwy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Excessive breakage of stalk in the process of rape threshing has become the main reason for the entrainment loss and the increase of the whole power consumption. Taking the harvest rape stalks as the research object, this study aims to investigate the collision and crushing behavior between threshing nail tooth and rape stem, further to clarify the breakage mechanism of rape stems caused by the collision of threshing spike tooth on a self-made collision test-bed. A prescale film was used to measure the impact force between the rape stalks and spike tooth, according to the force and trajectory. A single factor and an orthogonal experiments were carried out, where the breakage rate of rape stalk as the index, and the length of rape stalk, feeding times, rotational speed of cylinder, and type of spike tooth as factors. An attempt was made to explore the collision form and collision force between the threshing nail tooth and the stem of rapeseed, thereby to figure out the main factors affecting the breakage rate of stalk. The results were as follows: The collision process between single spike tooth and rape stalk was a multiple high-speed instantaneous collision, where 89% of the collisions were multiple collisions, and only 11% had one collision, particularly that the collision times were strongly related to the position of impact point on the spike tooth. In the process of instantaneous multiple collisions, the collision force decreased with the number of collisions. In the case of test conditions, the single impact force was 13.25 N, which was less than the yield limit of radial compression in a rape stalk. The stalk collided only once cannot be broken. The breakage rate of stalk was positively related to the stalk length, feeding times, and rotational speed of cylinder. In three kinds of nail tooth, cutter surface, cylinder, and plane, there was the greatest influence of nail teeth formed on the cutter face on the stem breakage rate, whereas, there was the least influence of plane nail teeth on the stem breakage rate. In the experimental conditions, the crushing rates of the upper, middle and lower parts for the main stem were 84.4%, 91.1%, and 97.8%, respectively, after feeding the rape stem into the collision test-bed for 8 times, and the fragmentation rate for the lateral branches of the rape was 42.2%, indicating that the broken rate of main stem was much higher than that of lateral branch. The orthogonal test showed that, there was the greatest effect of the length of rape stalk on the breakage rate, followed by the rotational speed of cylinder, and the type of spike tooth, whereas, the effect of feeding times was the smallest within the scope of the selected parameters, where the stalk length was 100 mm, the roller speed was 500 r/min, the feeding times were 2 times, and the tooth shape was flat nail teeth, as well as the breakage rate of rape stalk was the lowest. The finding can provide a sound basis for the optimal design of rape threshing device.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Nails
Controlled terms:Crushing - Cylinders (shapes) - Equipment testing - Feeding - Oilseeds - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Breakage mechanism - Collision process - Crushing behaviors - Experimental conditions - Multiple collisions - Orthogonal experiment - Radial compression - Rotational speed
Classification code:605 Small Tools and Hardware - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.32e+01N, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 4.22e+01%, Percentage 8.44e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Percentage 9.78e+01%, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+02RPM, Size 1.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20211310130459
Title:Effects of preparation process parameters of rice husk carbon on adsorption performance
Title of translation:稻壳炭制备工艺参数对吸附性能的影响
Authors:Tian, Yu (1, 2); Liu, Xiaogang (1); Zhao, Yu (1); Zhan, Hua (1); Wang, Hong (1); Li, Cuiqing (1); Song, Yongji (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fuels Cleaning and Advanced Catalytic Emission Reduction Technology, Beijing; 102617, China; (2) Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hong(wanghong@bipt.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:211-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice husk carbon was prepared by hydrothermal method from rice husk, and used to adsorb methylene blue from printing and dyeing wastewater. Rice husk carbon was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM), Thermo Gravimetric(TG), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FT-IR), and the effects of hydrothermal temperature and hydrothermal time, respectively, on the physicochemical properties and adsorption properties of methylene blue in rice husk carbon were investigated. The results showed that hydrothermal temperature was the important factor to affect the adsorption performance of rice husk carbon. In this study, when the hydrothermal time was 4 h and the hydrothermal temperature was 180-220 ℃, the removal rate of methylene blue in rice husk carbon was more than 90% and the adsorption capacity of rice husk carbon to methylene blue was more than 6.27 mg/g. Among them, the hydrothermal temperature was 200 °C and the hydrothermal time was 8 h(RH-200-8), the structure of rice husk carbon was intact and the yield of rice husk carbon was 65.20%. Besides, the removal rate and adsorption capacity of methylene blue in rice husk carbon were 93.04% and 6.62mg /g in the same condition, respectively. The phenomenon was due to the cellulose was not completely decomposed, the pore structure of rice husk carbon was better and the pore diameter of rice husk carbon was moderate when the hydrothermal temperature was 180-220 °C. In addition, the structure of rice husk carbon was conducted to the methylene blue molecule diffusion and adsorption, and rice husk carbon has more oxygen-containing functional groups with more adsorption active points, so the adsorption performance of rice husk carbon on methylene blue was better. When the hydrothermal temperature was greater than 220 °C, with the increase of hydrothermal temperature, the cellulose would be accelerated decomposition, the oxygen-enriched functional groups were decomposed quickly, the adsorption activity points of rice husk carbon were reduced, the rice husk carbon structure was also changed and the specific surface area was increased, but most probable pore sizes of rice husk carbon were decreased, the phenomenon was not conducted to the methylene blue molecule diffusion in rice husk carbon, so the removal rate and adsorption ability of methylene blue in rice husk carbon decreased. The experiment of rice husk carbon(RH-200-8) regeneration and recycling showed that the removal rate of methylene blue in rice husk carbon decreased slightly with the number of rice husk carbon regeneration increased, and the maximum methylene blue removal rate of RH-220-8-3(Rice husk charcoal use 3rd) reached 82.20% (10 h).<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Carbon
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Cellulose - Charcoal - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Molecules - Oxygen - Physicochemical properties - Pore size - Pore structure - Scanning electron microscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Accelerated decomposition - Adsorption capacities - Adsorption performance - Adsorption properties - Fourier transform infrared spectrometer - Hydrothermal temperature - Oxygen-containing functional groups - Printing and dyeing wastewaters
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.52e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Temperature 4.53e+02K to 4.93e+02K, Temperature 4.73e+02K, Temperature 4.93e+02K, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 3.60e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20211310130491
Title:Effects of Zygosacharomyces mellis and post-fermentation on the flavor of black glutinous rice wine
Title of translation:蜂蜜接合酵母及后发酵对黑糯米酒风味的影响
Authors:Fei, Yongtao (1, 2); Jiang, Hongjia (1); Hu, Fangzheng (1); Peng, Liying (1); Liu, Gongliang (1, 2); Bai, Weidong (1, 2); Xiao, Gengsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry and Food Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou; 510225, China; (2) Academy of Contemporary Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Guangzhou; 510225, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Gongliang(gongliangliu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:301-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Flavor of black glutinous rice wine depends significantly on starter cultures and the post-fermentation conditions. In this study, a systematic investigation was made to explore the effects of brewing koji (wheat koji, wheat koji+angie yeast and wheat koji+Zygosacharomyces mellis) and post-fermentation(time and temperature) on the flavor of black glutinous rice wine, where the amino acids, organic acids, and volatile aroma components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Angie yeast and Zygosacharomyces mellis were added to the wheat koji for co-fermentation. The lactic acid of black glutinous rice wine that prepared by Z. mellis and wheat koji accounted for 20% of the total organic acid, lower than that prepared by wheat koji and its combination with angie yeast(P<0.05). Z. mellis was found to inhibit the excessive accumulation of lactic acid, while to increase content of malic acid (2.5 mg/mL) and succinic acid (1.1 mg/mL) (P<0.05), bringing the overall compatible flavors to the black glutinous wine. Meanwhile, the content of amino acids was 113 mg/L in the black glutinous rice wine prepared by Z. mellis with wheat koji, which was significantly higher than that prepared by wheat koji. In addition, it was found that aldehydes were the main volatile flavor substances in black glutinous rice wines that prepared by three different starter cultures. The relative contents of furfuraldehyde were 9.11 % and 10.00 % in black glutinous rice wine that prepared by angie yeast and Z. mellis starters, respectively, twice as much as that prepared by wheat koji(P<0.05). Therefore, the flavors of black glutinous rice wine that prepared by Z. mellis starter group was better than that prepared by other two groups. Z. mellis combined with wheat koji was used to produce black glutinous rice wine, in order to further investigate the effects of post-fermentation time and temperature on the flavor of black glutinous rice wine. After 30 days of post-fermentation, the content of amino acids was highest with 1073 mg/mL in the wine, and the content decreased and kept stable at 40 days of fermentation. Meanwhile, it was found that the bitter amino acids in the wine rapidly decreased at 40 days of fermentation. Besides, the varieties and contents of organic acids in the wine were more coordinated, and the relative contents of alcohols, esters and aldehydes in the volatile aroma components were the highest (85.7%). Therefore, the flavor of black glutinous rice wine was best at 40 days of fermentation. When the post-fermentation temperature was 20 ℃, the content of amino acids was 229 mg/L with only 8 kinds of amino acids. At 24 ℃, the total content of amino acids reached 383 mg/L and the varieties of amino acids increased to 13. The relative content of esters and aldehydes reached the highest in the black glutinous rice wine at this temperature. The post-fermentation temperature of 24 ℃ was favorable for the accumulation of amino acids and main volatile flavor substances. Therefore, this finding can provide a sound reference to improve the flavor of black glutinous rice wine using Zygosacharomyces mellis.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Wine
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Amino acids - Esters - Fermentation - Food processing - Gas chromatography - High performance liquid chromatography - Lactic acid - Mass spectrometry - Odors - Starters - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Fermentation conditions - Fermentation temperature - Fermentation time - Flavor substances - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS) - Starter cultures - Succinic acids - Volatile aroma components
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-01yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Mass_Density 1.07e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.10e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.13e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.29e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.50e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.83e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.57e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20211310130549
Title:Development of a portable detection device for the quality of fresh tea leaves using spectral technology
Title of translation:便携式茶鲜叶品质光谱检测装置研制
Authors:Wang, Fan (1, 2, 5); Zhao, Chunjiang (2, 5); Xu, Bo (1, 2, 3, 5); Xu, Ze (4); Li, Zhenhai (2, 5); Yang, Haibin (4); Duan, Dandan (2, 5); Yang, Guijun (2, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) Qingyuan Academy of Smart Agriculture, Qingyuan; 511500, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Nongxin Technology (Guangzhou) Limited Liability Company, Guangzhou; 511458, China; (4) Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Science, Chongqing; 402160, China; (5) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Guijun(yanggj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:273-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fresh tea leaves are mainly composed of water, total sugar, tea polyphenols, caffeine, and protein. The water (dry matter) content and extract are important indicators to monitor the plant irrigation and freshness of tea, particularly on evaluating tea brewing. Tea polyphenols are one of the most important healthy components in fresh tea leaves. Chemical analysis and sensory evaluation are two traditional ways of tea quality evaluation. The chemical analysis process is cumbersome and time-consuming, while the sensory evaluation is subject to the subjective influence. Both are destructive testing. The Visible-Near-Infrared(VIS-NIR) spectroscopy can characterize the data related to sample character, providing the possibility of non-destructive testing of tea quality. This study aims to explore the rapid detection for muti-quality of fresh tea leaves using the VIS-NIR spectroscopy, and thereby a portable device was developed suitable for the tea leaves. The self-developed portable equipment was composed of the host and handle parts. The host part included a spectrometer, light source, rechargeable battery, voltage regulator board, and cooling fan, with the approximately size of 240 mm×250 mm×240 mm. The size of the handle part was approximately 130 mm×100 mm×30 mm. In the core component of handle part, the gear-rack drive system ensured manually opening the blade clamp by pulling the button, and then automatically reset under the traction of the spring. In addition, the reference boards were designed to collect the black and white reference for the real-time correction of working state in the portable equipment. The raw VIS-NIR diffuses reflectance spectra of tea were collected using the portable device and four preprocessing, including the normalization(NOR), First Derivative(FD), Standard Normal Variable transformation(SNV), and Probabilistic Quotient Normalization(PQNOR), aiming to correct the noise and scattering effects in the raw spectra. The quantitative prediction models of Partial Least Squares (PLS) were established for the dry matter, water extract and tea polyphenol content using the different preprocessing. A best accuracy was achieved in the PLS model using the PQNOR preprocessing spectra. The correlation coefficients in the verification set for dry matter, water extract, and tea polyphenol content were 0.905, 0.896 and 0.747, respectively. The Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) in the verification set were 0.860%, 0.559% and 0.549%, respectively. Furthermore, the established model was written into the software in the device, where verified in the tea garden. The rest of 20 samples without modeling were used as the prediction set to test the stability and accuracy of the device. The stability of the device was evaluated by the relative range of test datum, and the accuracy was assessed by the RMSE of predicted mean and measured value, where the measurement was repeated ten times for each sample. The test results showed that the repeatability of the device was within 5%, and the RMSE of dry matter, water extract and tea polyphenol content in the prediction set were 0.903%, 0.634% and 0.551%, respectively. In each fresh tea leaf, the detection speed of the device was about 1s. The prediction accuracy met the requirements of on-site use. Fresh tea leaves from 4 tea gardens were pictured. The samples from multiple tea gardens effectively expanded the range of dry matter, water extract, and tea polyphenol content, providing the possibility of establishing a highly adaptable predictive model. Nevertheless, this study was conducted in summer and autumn, where the quality of tea varies quite distinctly in different seasons. In the future, the modeling samples can be extended to cover those from the origins, varieties, and seasons.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Tea
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Digital storage - Extraction - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Light sources - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Plants (botany) - Portable equipment - Predictive analytics - Quality control - Sensory analysis - Spectrometers - Voltage regulators - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Non destructive testing - Partial least square (PLS) - Quantitative prediction - Real-time corrections - Root mean square errors - Variable transformation - Visible near-infrared
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 732.1 Control Equipment - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.49e-01%, Percentage 5.51e-01%, Percentage 5.59e-01%, Percentage 6.34e-01%, Percentage 8.60e-01%, Percentage 9.03e-01%, Time 1.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20211310130550
Title:Spatial evolution of rural settlement in mountainous areas under the major linear projects
Title of translation:重大线性工程建设下山区乡村聚落空间演变
Authors:Wang, Jian (1); Wang, Jian (2); Wu, Wenliang (1); Liu, Kui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jian(wangjian@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:236-246
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Linear projects such as roadway and pipelines, due to the geometrical layout, are characterized in that many identical units are repeated from one unit to another in horizontal direction. A major linear project has a profound impact on the regional development of traditional rural settlements in mountainous areas. Consequently, the historical process of social communities may be interrupted or accelerated. The research on this evolution process can contribute to further understand the external effects of regional major linear project and the relationship between expressway construction and economic development in rural areas. In this study, Dahaituo Town, which locates in the Southwest of Chicheng County, Hebei Province, was selected as the research area. Based on the remote sensing images captured in 1999, 2009 and 2019, the spatial evolution of rural settlements under the major linear project construction was identified by using a systematic approach combined with spatial analysis, landscape pattern index, Voronoi diagram, and logistic regression model. The results showed that: 1) The spatial pattern of rural settlements in Dahaituo Town has changed obviously, which indicated the different characteristics before and after expressway construction. Before the construction of expressway from 1999 to 2009, the characteristics of rural settlements scattered and quantity significantly increasing was showed, whereas, during the expressway construction from 2009 to 2019, the trend of agglomerating and area increasing was observed. The major linear project serving as an external force can contribute to accelerate the expansion speed of rural settlements, thereby promoting the internal agglomeration of villages. 2) Under the condition of natural evolution without external intervention, the rural settlements in Dahaituo Town were mainly dependent on natural resources. All this time, the areas with flat terrain and rich cultivated land resources were often the first choice for residential construction. The construction of major linear project was beneficial to effectively improve the level of social and economic development in rural areas particularly can provide economic support for settlements environment. After the construction of linear project, there were gradual changes in the rural population and income, agricultural output, and financial income. The evolution of rural settlements driven by Major linear project construction has transferred from natural resource dependence to economic and social dependence. 3) The rural settlements in Dahaituo Town presented a cyclic evolution of "element-structure-function". The main driving forces of evolution were the multiple modes of subject behavior under the action of internal and external factors, and the ecological-life-production system coupling relationship under the influence of natural evolution and external forces. The construction of major linear project determined the evolution trend of rural settlements by influencing social and economic factors, and thereby to promote the reconstruction of social community and village system. Under the background of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integration, the construction of major projects can be expected to enhance the life style of the villagers by strengthening the circulation of urban and rural elements. In the future. It is necessary to study the impact of external intervention on the evolution of rural settlements. The local government needs to integrate urban and rural resources, further to strengthen planning guidance and remediation measures, so as to promote the reconstruction of rural system. These results can provide profound suggestions for policy making and strategic choice of Rural Revitalization in mountainous areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Economic and social effects - Economics - Electric power system interconnection - Logistic regression - Natural resources - Regional planning - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Expressway construction - Internal and external factors - Landscape pattern indices - Logistic Regression modeling - Remediation measures - Remote sensing images - Residential construction - Social and economic development
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20211310130446
Title:Spatially explicit calculation and simulation of estimating housing land consolidation potential in rural areas
Title of translation:农村宅基地整治潜力的空间显式测算与模拟
Authors:Zou, Lin (1); Zhao, Xiang (2); Jiang, Ping (2); Kong, Xuesong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Geology Surveying and Mapping Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou; 510800, China; (2) School of Resources and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Xiang(zhaoxiang@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:247-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modeling of farmers' willingness to consolidation of abandoned homesteads plays an essential role in the prediction of regional land consolidation potential. Previous prediction models on land consolidation potential still have some limitations in the simulation of farmers' consolidation willingness and the spatial explicit prediction. The complex system modeling and machine learning provide effective tools for the behaviors simulation of land-use stakeholders. Land consolidation potential depends mainly on the farmers' willingness to consolidation, as well as the policies and land use planning. It is difficult to obtain enough negative training samples from the non-reclaimed area where farmers are opposed to the consolidation. There is a balance on the training samples, meaning that most training samples are positive. One-class classification approach has provided a good solution for the classification of imbalanced samples, due to only positive samples is selected to complete the training of classifiers. Hence, one-class classification can be used to solve the negative samples in the modeling of farmers' willingness to land consolidation. Therefore, an one class support vector machine (OCSVM) was selected to simulate the decision-making behaviors of the farmers. The OCSVM has been widely used as a type of one-class classification in image recognition and abnormal detection. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to build the model, in order to predict the land consolidation potential in a spatially explicit way. Furthermore, high-resolution remote sensing images were used to identify the abandoned homesteads in the study region. Pingtang was selected as the study area to evaluate the accuracy of model, where a mountainous and poverty town located in western Guangdong province, China. 4 449 positive samples were obtained, where the farmers would like to confer from the historical land consolidation project data in the study area. Another 141 negative samples were randomly selected from the non-reclaimed areas to evaluate the accuracy of model. Thus, a total of 4 590 unlabeled samples were obtained to train the model. The experimental results showed that the overall accuracy of model reached 96.36%, the prediction accuracy of positive sample was 96.88%, and the accuracy of negative samples was 80.14%, indicating that the performance of model was reliable for the potential prediction of land consolidation. The model was used to predict the land consolidation potential in the whole study area. The total area of abandoned homesteads identified by high-resolution remote sensing images was about 103.96 hm<sup>2</sup>, whereas, the predicted potential obtained by the model was about 94.74 hm<sup>2</sup>. However, there were many small spots in the study area that were too fragmented to be reclaimed. According to the land consolidation of Pingtang, the abandoned homesteads that can be reclaimed was only 36.02 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 34.65% of the total areas. Consequently, terrain factors were also essential to affect the consolidation potential in mountainous and hilly areas. The model can be expected to better support the decision-making of land use planning, regional land remediation planning, and site selection in land remediation project.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Predictive analytics
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Decision making - Forecasting - Image recognition - Land use - Reclamation - Remediation - Remote sensing - Sampling - Site selection - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Behaviors simulation - Complex system modeling - Decision-making behaviors - High resolution remote sensing images - Land consolidations - One-class Classification - One-class support vector machines (OCSVM) - Prediction accuracy
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.69e+01%, Percentage 3.46e+01%, Percentage 8.01e+01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20211310130453
Title:Effects of fertilization regime on the functional diversity of microbial carbon and nitrogen metabolism in reclaimed soil
Title of translation:培肥措施对复垦土壤微生物碳氮代谢功能多样性的影响
Authors:Wang, Yufeng (1); Meng, Huisheng (1); Li, Tingliang (1, 2); Xie, Junyu (1); Li, Li (1); Li, Lina (1); Huang, Xiaolei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Li, Tingliang(litinglaing021@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:81-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil reclamation has become a fundamental requirement for ecological environment restoration, total dynamic balance of cultivated land resources, and soil quality improvement in mining areas. This study was carried out at the long-term reclaimed base of a coal mining subsidence area in Xiangyuan county, Shanxi province, China. Surface soil samples of 0-20 cm were collected under various fertilization regimes in the 4- and 8-year experiment. Biolog-ECO and qPCR technologies were used to investigate the effect of various fertilization regimes on the soil microbial functional diversity of carbon metabolism, and functional gene abundance of nitrogen metabolism. Four fertilization treatments were applied within each reclamation stage, including no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer only (CF), manure only (M), and 50% chemical fertilizers co-applied with 50% manure (MCF). The results showed that the M treatment can significantly improve the ability of soil microorganisms to utilize total carbon sources, compared with other treatments with the increase of reclamation years. The relative utilization rate of microorganism to carbon sources in reclaimed soil under various treatments were successively amino acids, carbohydrate, polymers, carboxylic acids, amine and miscellaneous from high to low. The M treatment improved the utilization rate of carboxylic acids, amino acids, and amines to a greater extent than those of other carbon sources. The differences of microbial carbon metabolism between various fertilizer treatments were mainly concentrated in five kinds of sugars, (including I-Erythritol, D-Mannitol, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, D-Cellobiose and α-D-Lactose), and four amino acids (including L-Arginine, L-Asparagine, L-Serine and L-Threonine). No significant change was observed in the Simpson index (D) under various reclamation years and fertilization regimes, indicating that the fertilization measures and reclamation years did not contribute to the dominant distribution of soil microbial physiological groups. The MCF treatment significantly improved the Shannon-wiener index (H') and Pielou evenness index (J), compared with other treatments. The functional gene abundance of nitrogen conversion was ranked in a descend order: amoA (AOA) > amoA (AOB) >nisS, nirK> nifH, in the reclaimed soil under various treatments. It infers that the nitrification was stronger than the denitrification and nitrogen fixation in the nitrogen cycle process of reclaimed soil. The abundance of five functional genes in the MCF treatment was the highest than that in other treatments, where increasing with the increase of reclamation time. The increase amplitude of amoA gene of AOA and AOB was the highest, indicating that the amoA gene was more sensitive than other functional genes to environmental factors, such as fertilization. The content of organic matter was significantly correlated with the abundance of nirS, nirK, nifH genes, and AWCD values in reclaimed soil, where the correlation coefficient was 0.707-0.807. Meanwhile, the abundance of five nitrogen conversion function genes was significantly or extremely significantly correlated with maize yield, where the correlation coefficient was between 0.824-0.949. Single application of manure can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, and then enhance the intensity of microbial carbon metabolism, while, the combination of manure and chemical fertilizer was more conducive to improve the function diversity of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in reclaimed soil, and thereby to promote the crop yield.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Amines - Amino sugars - Arginine - Biogeochemistry - Carbon - Carboxylic acids - Coal industry - Cutting machines (mining) - Genes - Manures - Metabolism - Microorganisms - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen fixation - Polymerase chain reaction - Reclamation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Coal mining subsidences - Correlation coefficient - Ecological environments - Environmental factors - Functional diversity - N-acetyl-D-glucosamine - Soil micro-organisms - Soil organic matters
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20211310130460
Title:Technical evaluation of baled stover burning for clean heating
Title of translation:秸秆捆烧清洁供暖技术评价
Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Hao, Xianrong (1); Jia, Jixiu (1); Zhao, Yanan (1); Liu, Jie (2); Yang, Wuying (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150060, China; (3) Tieling Zhongyuan Environment Protection Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Tieling; 112611, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Zonglu(yaozonglu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:218-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An abundant supply of stover in northern China remains after corn grain harvest. The collected stover resources are about 6.74×10<sup>8</sup> t in 2017. Converting stover bales into renewable energy for clean heating is attracting much attention to save many stover resources, further possibly to replace coal, and thereby positively contribute to air quality, rural communities, and society at large. According to the whole life cycle in sustainable agriculture, in this study, a systematic evaluation was carried out to use a 3E (Economic, Energy and Environment) model, ranging from crop planting and harvesting to stover burning for heating, in order to explore the energy efficiency, economic benefits, and greenhouse gas emissions of baled stover burning boiler for clean heating. The results showed that the heating from baled stover burning has better energy and economic benefits, with less emissions of greenhouse gas. The clean heating can be expected suitable for the heating in winter in villages and towns with concentrated living, and for the urban district heating, such as agricultural and industrial parks. The heating area ranged from 5 000 to 100 000 m<sup>2</sup>, the net energy of baled stover for heating was 10 512-10 774.8 MJ/t, and the energy output-input ratio was 8.4-8.5, indicating that the energy conversion rate was relatively high. In addition, the greenhouse gas emissions (CO<inf>2</inf> eq.) were 9.67-11.21 g/MJ. The total cost of heating by burning stover bales was 391.1 yuan/t (equivalent to 16.2 yuan/m<sup>2</sup>) -560.5 yuan/t (equivalent to 23.8 yuan/m<sup>2</sup>). Calculating at an 8% rate of return, the heating scale can be more than 20 000 m<sup>2</sup>. If only considering operating costs without the depreciation, the heating area can be more than 10 000 m<sup>2</sup>. The baled stover burning for heating can achieve the best energy efficiency, while the least emissions of greenhouse gas, compared with stover densified biofuel, and stover carbon-gas co-generation. The net energy output of three stover heating can be less than that of coal heating, but the greenhouse gas emissions can be only from 1/10 to 1/7 of that of coal, indicating the environmental benefits are significant. Therefore, it is highly recommended to further improve the heating facilities in villages and towns of northern China, and thereby promote the application of clean heating, such as baled stover burning, densified biofuel, and pyrolysis carbon-gas cogeneration. Stover clean heating can be used to effectively alleviate air pollution and reduce emissions of greenhouse gas in a renewable energy source.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Air quality - Biofuels - Carbon - Coal - Coal deposits - Coal industry - Earnings - Economic and social effects - Energy conversion - Energy efficiency - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Life cycle - Operating costs - Renewable energy resources - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Energy and environment - Energy conversion rates - Environmental benefits - Renewable energy source - Sustainable agriculture - Systematic evaluation - Technical evaluation - Villages and towns
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.00e+04m2, Area 2.00e+04m2, Area 5.00e+03m2 to 1.00e+05m2, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20211310130437
Title:Effects of relative humidity on the exterior quality of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) during hot air drying
Title of translation:热风干燥过程相对湿度对香菇品质的影响
Authors:Li, Xingyi (1); Zhang, Yue (1); Xie, Yongkang (1); Yu, Xianlong (1); Zhu, Guangfei (1); Gao, Zhenjiang (1); Xiao, Hongwei (1); Liu, Yanhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yanhong(liuyanhong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:281-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Here, a computer vision on-line detection system was applied to Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) during the hot air drying with the process control of Relative Humidity (RH). Four RH controls were used, including continuous fanning, constant target RH throughout the whole process, reducing the RH at different stages, and rapidly reducing the RH at the later stage. An image processing using region segmentation was selected to on-line measure the Ratio of Wrinkled Surface Area (RWSA), in order to separate the wrinkled areas from the non-wrinkled areas on the surface of shiitake mushrooms. The roundness in the image was used to represent the shape of the edge of shiitake mushrooms. The Cell Aspect Ratio (CAR) was used to quantify the degree of deformation in a cell of shiitake mushrooms, which was calculated by the pixel length of cells along the radial and vertical direction in the microscopic image. The appearance features (contrast and energy) of shiitake mushrooms were obtained by the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). A measurement was made for the changes of shrinkage, roundness, RWSA, and visible texture (contrast and energy) characteristics during the drying process of shiitake mushrooms, and thereby to establish the relationship among appearance qualities, Rehydration Ratio (RR), and microstructure of shiitake mushrooms. The results showed that the RH had significant effects (P < 0.05) on the appearance qualities (shrinkage, roundness, RWSA, contrast, and energy), the microstructure, and rehydration ratio of shiitake mushrooms. Compared with the continuous fanning, higher RH maintained in the drying room at the initial stage of drying, corresponding to higher internal temperature of shiitake mushrooms, while longer drying time. The higher the initial RH or the longer the RH holding time was, the lower the drying rate and surface hardening degree were. Therefore, the shiitake mushrooms were more sensitive to shrinkage and deformation. The roundness changes of shiitake mushrooms corresponded to the change of shrinkages, where the higher the shiitake mushrooms shrinkage was, the lower the roundness was, indicating the more irregular shape of shiitake mushrooms. The slow rate of surface hardening led to more wrinkles on the surface of shiitake mushrooms, and lower color contrast distribution in the neighborhood pixels on the images, indicating that the color of non-wrinkled area was close to that of wrinkled area, and the whole surface color of shiitake mushroom was darker. Meanwhile, the cell aspect ratio of shiitake mushrooms cells was larger, indicating that the deformation of cells was more serious. At the same time, the small cell pore resulted in very low rehydration ratio of shiitake mushrooms. Compared with the whole process groups, the drying time, and shrinkage were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, the roundness improved significantly (P < 0.05), the RWSAs reduced (P > 0.05), and the surface color of shiitake mushrooms lighter (P < 0.05) in the optimized groups by turning on the dehumidification fan, when the moisture evaporation was not enough to maintain the set RH range in the drying room. The reason can be the increased differential partial pressure between the air and the surface of shiitake mushrooms, resulting in an accelerated drying rate, while rapidly hardened and shaped surface of shiitake mushrooms. However, the deformation degree of shiitake mushroom cells was not significantly (P > 0.05) reduced, and there was no increase in the erehydration ratio. A positive correlation was observed between the time, when the RWSA reached the maximum and the rehydration ratio of shiitake mushrooms (r = 0.88). High relative humidity had a negative effect on the flavor components of shiitake mushrooms. The best drying was continuous fanning, according to the drying time, appearance quality, sensory quality, and composition of dried shiitake mushrooms.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Aspect ratio - Cells - Color - Computer control systems - Cytology - Deformation - Fungi - Humidity control - Image segmentation - Pixels - Process control - Shrinkage - Solar dryers - Surface hardening - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Appearance qualities - Degree of deformations - Dried shiitake mushroom - Gray level co occurrence matrix(GLCM) - High relative humidities - Moisture evaporation - On-line detection system - Positive correlations
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20211310130475
Title:Monitoring and experimental verification of strawberry leaf moisture content using 3D geometric features
Title of translation:采用3D几何特征的草莓叶片含水率监测与试验验证
Authors:Fu, Kaijuan (1); Feng, Quan (1); Yang, Sen (1); Chen, Baihong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Quan(fquan@Sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:161-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water is indispensable for plant growth, and water shortage will affect the yield, growth, and quality of plants. The rapid and non-destructive detection of water content in plants is of great significance to scientific guidance of irrigation and to improve crop yield. There are many methods to detect and estimate moisture content in plants. The image processing by using the projected area and color space of plant leaves in two-dimensional images is widely applied to detect water content. With the development of 3D point cloud technology, it has become an inevitable trend to use 3D information to study crop growth status. In this study, the monitoring models of strawberry leaf moisture content based on 3D geometric parameters were used to predict the leaf moisture content. The water content of 49 pots of strawberry "Ningyu" with different water treatments was measured. Geometric parameters of strawberry leaves were extracted by using real-time on-line 3D modeling to analyze the relations between water content and these parameters. Firstly, a binocular camera was set to capture the depth maps of strawberry leaves, which were converted into 3D point cloud images. Secondly, the strawberry leaves were segmented by using the 3D-SIS instance segmentation method. Thirdly, the random sampling consensus algorithm plus the global least-squares method was used to fit planes with the segmented 3D leaves to obtain the leaf inclination angle and corresponding cosine value. The blade spherical surface fitting method based on algebra was used to obtain the sphere radius to indicate the bending of leaves due to lack of water. Finally, the relation between water content and geometry parameters was analyzed quantitatively by using univariate and multivariate linear regression. In the univariate linear regression analysis, leaf inclination angle, cosine value, sphere radius, and leaf moisture content were linearly correlated, and the determination coefficients were 0.842 9, 0.854 6, and 0.880 8 respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, the relation between water content and sphere radius plus leaf angle, and sphere radius plus cosine value was analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between the spherical radius, the leaf inclination angle, and the water content, and the modified coefficient of determination was 0.914 3. The prediction models were tested on the validation set and the results showed that among the above-said models, the one established by spherical radius and leaf inclination angle was best. The root mean square error was merely 0.015 8, and the determination coefficient was as high as 0.953 4. The proposed method could quickly detect the water content of strawberry leaves, providing an effective method for non-contact measurement of strawberry water content and technical support for the accurate acquisition of agricultural situation information. With the help of 3D geometric parameters of leaves, there was a prospect for the early application of plant water deficit control. The prediction model of leaf water content established by regression should have a certain application value in the field of ecology and crop protection.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Agricultural robots - Crops - Forecasting - Fruits - Image processing - Least squares approximations - Linear regression - Mean square error - Moisture - Moisture determination - Predictive analytics - Spheres - Surface fitting
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Experimental verification - Multiple linear regression analysis - Multivariate linear regressions - Noncontact measurements - Nondestructive detection - Root mean square errors - Two dimensional images
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20211310130628
Title:Radiation use efficiency of different grain crops in Northeast China
Title of translation:不同粮食作物光能利用效率研究
Authors:Liu, Tao (1, 2); Yang, Xiaoguang (1); Gao, Jiqing (1); He, Bin (1); Bai, Fan (1); Zhang, Fangliang (1); Liu, Zhijuan (1); Wang, Xiaoyu (1); Sun, Shuang (1); Wan, Nenghan (1); Chen, Xi (1); Huang, Qiuwan (1); Liu, Xiaoqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Tianjin Climate Center, Tianjin; 300074, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xiaoguang(yangxg@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:186-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grain productivity mainly depends on the radiation use efficiency (RUE) of crops. The RUE can be defined as the relationship between the accumulation of biomass related to the light intercepted by the crop. It is necessary to clarify the relationship between crop photosynthesis, light interception ability, and RUE, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of crop resource, further to adjust planting structure. Additionally, the Northeast China, as an important major grain producing area, is playing a critical role in national food security. Taking maize, spring wheat, soybean, millet, and potato in Lishu county of Jilin province in Northeast China as research materials, 2 a field experiments were conducted to investigate the photosynthetic characteristics, light interception, and RUE of five main crops in different growing periods. The crops were first planted in the traditional way, where the cultivation and management were commonly used in the local area. A LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis and fluorescence system was used to measure the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate in the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The light response curve was fitted to obtain the main parameters of light response. A linear light quantum analyzer was selected to measure the light interception of different parts in the key growth period. The light interception and bioaccumulation were used to calculate the utilization efficiency of light energy in different growth periods, whereas, the photosynthetic ally active effective radiation and bioaccumulation were used to calculate that in the whole growing season. The results showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rates of maize and millet were higher than 28 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s) at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages, indicating significantly higher than those of soybean, spring wheat, and potato. The diurnal variation curve of net photosynthetic rate for soybean and potato showed a single peak curve, where the peak appeared in the morning. Maize and millet showed a high light saturation point, and a low light compensation point of each crop leaf, where the suitable range of light intensity for photosynthesis was higher than that of other crops. Maize and millet also obviously dominated in the net photosynthetic rate curve and main light response parameters of various crops in the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The light interception ability of maize, soybean and millet was significantly better than that of other crops, but the planting density can be appropriately reduced to avoid the influence on the development of middle and lower leaves of crops. Nevertheless, the increase of planting density can contribute to improve the light interception ability in the population of potato and wheat. In the transition period from vegetative to reproductive growth stage, the maximum light interception was found in the upper part of crops, indicating an important impact on the improvement of crops RUE. The RUE of potato, maize and millet in the whole growing season was significantly higher than that of wheat and soybean, whereas, that in the transition period from vegetative to reproductive growth was higher than that in other growth periods. Therefore, it is recommended that potato, maize, and millet can be planted preferentially on the adjustment of planting structure using RUE and yield. The finding can provide valuable information to formulate more reasonable and effective planting structure, according to resource utilization efficiency in the future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Light
Controlled terms:Bioaccumulation - Biochemistry - Crops - Cultivation - Food supply - Grain (agricultural product) - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Fluorescence system - Grain productivities - Light response curves - Net photosynthetic rate - Photosynthetic characteristics - Radiation use efficiency - Resource utilizations - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20211310130668
Title:Construction of fishing ground forecast model of Ommastrephes bartramii using convolutional neural network in the Northwest Pacific
Title of translation:采用卷积神经网络构建西北太平洋柔鱼渔场预报模型
Authors:Zhu, Haopeng (1, 2); Wu, Yumei (2); Tang, Fenghua (2); Jin, Shaofei (3); Pei, Kaiyang (4); Cui, Xuesen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200090, China; (3) Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou; 350108, China; (4) College of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Xuesen(cui1012@sh163.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:153-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To improve the accuracy and practicability of fishery forecast in the Northwest Pacific, a method of constructing a forecast model of squid was proposed based on the principle of deep learning. In this study, the data included the fishery catch data from the North Pacific squid fishing boat production information and the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, from July to November 2000-2015. According to the combination of different channels, four kinds of datasets were formed for the model training, including the single-channel dataset only containing SST; 2-channels dataset of SST and month; 3-channels dataset of SST, longitude, and latitude; 4-channels dataset of SST, month, longitude, and latitude. To match the data of the first channel in dimensionality, the three-input data of longitude, latitude, and month needed to be expanded from a 0-dimensional scalar quantity to a 2-dimensional tensor with pixels of 65×65 and regarded as the second, third, and fourth channel. Because of the insufficiency of effective fishery catch data, these datasets were enhanced by random rotation of the SST image with a small-angle between -10° and +10° and a random 0.1° offset of the image center in four directions, including north, south, east and west. The AlexNet was chosen as the structure of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, and it consisted of five convolutional layers, three max-pooling layers, and three fully-connected layers with a final 2-way softmax. Different from traditional fishery forecast methods, this method used the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate training, and its extraction of environmental features was automatically completed by computer. SST, latitude, longitude, and month were all factors that needed to be considered when constructing a fishing ground forecast model. The impact of these factors on the accuracy of the fishing ground forecast was compared and analyzed. The results showed that 1) According to the migration laws of squid, the datasets from July to November were divided into three sub-datasets, including July to August, September, and October to November. This way of month combination increased the testing accuracy by at least 6.1 percent points. The testing accuracies of three sub-datasets of July to August, September, October to November were much higher than that of the whole dataset (74.4%) from July to November. 2) The training result of the 4-channels dataset was the best, and the testing accuracy was significantly higher than that of others. The single-channel dataset only containing SST achieved the testing accuracy of at least 73.5%, which indicated that SST was the most important factor among the four factors of SST, longitude, latitude, and month. 3) The actual fishery catch data of 2015 was used to validate the accuracy of the forecast model, and precision and recall were chosen as the evaluation indexes of this model. The average precision, recall, and F1-score were 66.6%, 82.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. The predicted high-yield fishing areas basically matched the actual high-CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort) areas, and the monthly movement trends of both were also basically consistent. 4) The training results were satisfactory, and the testing accuracy converged to about 80.5% after 80 000 iterations of training. The accuracy of three testing datasets with 4-channels dataset of July to August, September, and October to November was 80.5%, 81.5%, and 81.4%, respectively. It could be concluded that SST and its temporal and spatial information played an important role in the forecast of the Northwest Pacific squid fishery. And the training results demonstrated that it was feasible to construct a squid fishery forecast model by using a dataset of single environmental factor SST and CNN. It also could be concluded that the migratory laws of squid were significant and could not be ignored in the process of the fishery forecast model construction.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fisheries
Controlled terms:Computer graphics - Computer graphics equipment - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Deep learning - Forecasting - Graphics processing unit - Image enhancement - Molluscs - Multilayer neural networks - Oceanography - Program processors - Radiometers - Shellfish - Statistical tests - Surface waters
Uncontrolled terms:Catch per unit efforts - Environmental factors - Environmental features - Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer - Precision and recall - Scalar quantities - Sea surface temperature (SST) - Temporal and spatial
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 461.9 Biology - 471 Marine Science and Oceanography - 471.1 Oceanography, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.10e+00%, Percentage 6.66e+01%, Percentage 7.31e+01%, Percentage 7.35e+01%, Percentage 7.44e+01%, Percentage 8.05e+01%, Percentage 8.14e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.23e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20211310130677
Title:Calculation method and influence factors for fluctuation scale of soil parameters
Title of translation:土性参数波动范围的计算方法及影响因素
Authors:Tan, Xiaohui (1); Du, Linfeng (1); Fei, Suozhu (1); Hou, Xiaoliang (1); Ma, Haichun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:91-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil properties vary randomly from location to location, due mainly to different genetic types, geologic structures, depositional conditions, stress history, and weathering conditions. Serving as a key parameter to describe the spatial variability, the Scale of Fluctuation (SOF) can be defined as the minimum distance within which a significant correlation exists among soil properties. Specifically, the spatial fluctuation of soil parameter decreases with the increase of the SOF. The SOFs of soil properties is also critical to the reliability analysis on geotechnical structures. The random field and geostatistical methods are commonly used to calculate the SOF of soil properties. In this study, a theoretical derivation was conducted to comparatively analyze the Auto-Correlation Function (ACF) in the random field method, the Semi-variance Function (SVF) in the geo-statistical method, and the corresponding SOFs. Two typical cases (one has many test data, and another has very limited test data) were selected to explore the influences of the trend in the test data, the initial values of curve fitting parameters, and the number of fitting data, on the calculated SOFs for the random field and geo-statistical method. The results demonstrated that the random field and geo-statistical method were essentially the same, and a clear one-to-one relationship was found in the ACF of random field method, and the SVF of M2 method in the geo-statistics method. It infers that the test datum can be detrended before they were used for calculating the SOFs. Prior to the curve fitting for the SOFs of soil properties, the estimated SVF can firstly be normalized. A unified approach was also proposed to determine the initial values of curve fitting in the random field and geo-statistical method, particularly from the experience values of SOFs for soil properties. The optimum number of fitting data was determined for the ACF and the SVF. In calculating the SOFs of soil parameters, it needed to consider only the first several estimated ACFs greater than or equal to zero, and that of SVFs less than or equal to one. In calculating the vertical SOFs of soil parameters, several laboratory tests were conducted for an unsaturated clay, where soil samples were vertically taken from three bore holes. Three physical parameters (water content, density, and specific density of soil particles), three fitting parameters (a, n and θ<inf>s</inf>) of Soil Water Characteristic Curve (SWCC) in the van Genuchten model,, and then the SOFs of all these soil parameters were calculated using the random field and geo-statistical method. The values of SOF for these soil properties of unsaturated clay were 0.14-0.51 m in the random field method, and 0.19-0.62 m in the geo-statistical method, indicating that the calculated SOFs from the random field method were a relatively smaller than those from the geo-statistical method.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Curve fitting - Reliability analysis - Soil moisture - Statistics - Weathering
Uncontrolled terms:Autocorrelation functions - Depositional condition - Geostatistical method - Geotechnical structure - Scale of fluctuation - Soil-water characteristic curve - Theoretical derivations - Weathering conditions
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.40e-01m to 5.10e-01m, Size 1.90e-01m to 6.20e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20211310130461
Title:Land type classification of full polarization SAR data using SPAN and NDVI in Karst Areas, China
Title of translation:基于SPAN与NDVI的全极化SAR数据喀斯特地区土地类型划分
Authors:Su, Caixia (1); Hu, Juan (2); Ou, Weihua (1); Cao, Yongfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Big Data and Computer Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) College of Geography and Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Yongfeng(yongfengcao.cyf@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:265-272
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Topographical complexity of landscapes and diversity of terrain features have caused to interweave with the scattering mechanism and intensity of full polarization Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. This makes it difficult for the traditional Wishart-H/α (polarization entropy/scattering angle) classification to effectively classify land types in Karst areas. In this study, a complex Wishart distance measure was used for the class clustering of land type in research areas. A super-box clustering was carried out using the H/α plane. The semi-supervised classification was also carried out, according to the complex Wishart distance between the average coherence matrix of super-box and sample clustering. The obtained data of land classification were further processed using the Polarimetric-Total-Power (SPAN) and the Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), where the SPAN was sensitive to buildings and bare rock land, whereas, the NDVI was sensitive to wood land, grass land and cultivated land. An effective classification of land types was finally realized in the Karst areas. Specifically, the complex Wishart distance between two types of sample was calculated to determine the similarity of scattering characteristics in the samples of different land types, and the clustering was also performed during this time. Eight kinds of super-box clustering were divided into using the H/α plane. Three kinds of preliminary clustering were obtained, including the first type of water body, the second type of construction and bare rock land, as well as the third type of wood land, grass land and cultivated land. The SPAN was then used to classify the building and bare rock land, using a threshold in the way of super-box segmentation. The wood land, the grass land, and the cultivated land were classified by introducing a combination of the NDVI and Digital Elevation Matrix (DEM). The improved method can be used to effectively classify the water body, woodland, grassland, farmland, construction land, and bare rock land, with the overall accuracy of 81.45%. To verify the improved method, the another full-polarization SAR data was selected from the typical Karst areas, where the terrain was relatively flat, while the topography was relatively single. This case study demonstrated that the land classification was successfully implemented, where the overall classification accuracy reached 85.66%. The finding can provide a novel way to accurately classify various land types, and thereby serve as an ideal supplementary means to monitor rocky desertification evolution in Karst areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Land use - Landforms - Matrix algebra - Polarization - Rocks - Supervised learning - Synthetic aperture radar - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Full polarization SAR - Full-polarization synthetic aperture radars - Normalized differential vegetation indices - Overall accuracies - Scattering char-acteristics - Scattering mechanisms - Semi-supervised classification
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 921.1 Algebra - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.57e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20211310130551
Title:Research progress of synthesis of carbon dots and fluorescent sensor based on carbon dots for mercury detection
Title of translation:点合成及用于检测汞离子的碳点荧光传感器研究进展
Authors:Zhou, Jun (1); Bi, Xiaoya (1); Li, Libo (1); You, Tianyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:You, Tianyan(youty@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:134-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mercury ion (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) is one of the most frequently occurring and most toxic heavy metal pollutants, which may seriously damage the growth environment of crops and further threaten the quality and safety of agricultural products and human health. Fluorescence analysis is a simple method of Hg<sup>2+</sup> detection with high sensitivity. The analysis performance of fluorescence sensor may be seriously affected by fluorescence probes. Carbon dots (CDs) have the advantages of simple preparation, high fluorescence efficiency, and good biocompatibility. Therefore, fluorescence sensors based on CDs have attracted wide attention. This study introduced the synthesis status of CDs prepared from biomasses such as crops, agricultural products and their wastes, and pointed out that the synthesis of CDs was rich in natural biomass materials, and CDs synthesized by ultrasonic, microwave, and hydrothermal methods have the advantages of low cost, simple preparation process, and environmental protection. In addition, the application research of fluorescence sensor based on CDs for the detection of antibiotics, pesticides, and food additives in the field of agricultural sensing was briefly introduced. Furthermore, the research progress of fluorescence sensor based on CDs in Hg<sup>2+</sup> detection was systematically introduced from the perspectives of fluorescence quenching single-signal analysis mode, fluorescence-enhanced single-signal analysis mode and ratio-based signal analysis mode. The fluorescent materials, analytical performance and advantages and disadvantages of each method used in different sensing modes were summarized and compared. Among the single-signal sensors, fluorescence quenching sensors could optimize the detection performance of CDs by doping, surface modification, or "on-off-on" strategies; the fluorescence intensity of fluorescence-enhanced sensors ranged from weak to strong, and fluorescence colors were created from scratch, which could reduce the occurrence of false positive signals, but few fluorescence-enhanced sensors constructed by CDs as probes may occur, which needs to be further developed; The CDs with different properties could be used as reference signals, response signals as well as dual emission matrix in ratio fluorescence sensors. Besides, ratio fluorescence sensor could establish an internal standard to weaken the interference of external factors, the analysis result was more reliable and accurate, and it was easier to realize sensitive visual analysis. Different models of fluorescence sensors were all widely used in the detection of Hg<sup>2+</sup> in lake water, soil, and agricultural products. The bottleneck and development trend of the fluorescence sensor based on CDs using biomass as the synthesis source in the field of agricultural sensing were analyzed: 1) the luminescence mechanism of CDs remained unclear due to the complex composition of precursors in the preparation of CDs from crops and agricultural products. Moreover, the fluorescence quantum yield of synthesized CDs was uneven, and it needs to be separated, purified, doped or modified in a targeted manner; 2) most of the CDs based fluorescent sensors could detect only one single target, while the CDs based fluorescent sensors detecting multiple targets at the same time were little reported, and most of the sensing systems were still in the experimental stage, so it was difficult to perform the on-site detection of agricultural environmental quality and crop quality.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:60
Main heading:Fluorescence
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Biocompatibility - Biomass - Carbon - Chemical contamination - Crops - Environmental protection - Fluorescence quenching - Heavy metals - Hydrothermal synthesis - Mercury (metal) - Microwave materials processing - Probes - Quenching - Signal analysis - Ultrasonic applications
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical performance - Detection performance - Environmental quality - Fluorescence analysis - Fluorescence efficiency - Fluorescence intensities - Fluorescence quantum yield - Luminescence mechanisms
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9.1 Immunology - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 642.1 Process Heating - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20211310130527
Title:Effects of one-time nitrogen basal application on the yield and quality of different direct-seeding rice crops by machine
Title of translation:氮肥一次性基施对不同机直播水稻产量和品质的影响
Authors:Cheng, Shuang (1); Li, Shaoping (1); Tian, Jinyu (1); Xing, Zhipeng (1); Hu, Yajie (1); Guo, Baowei (1); Wei, Haiyan (1); Gao, Hui (1); Zhang, Hongcheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hongcheng(hczhang@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to explore the light, simple, and efficient production way for one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole process of high-quality eating rice under different types of mechanical direct seeding. The field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 at an agriculture experiment station in Jiangyan District of Jiangsu Province, China. The material was used as the late-maturing medium japonica high quality rice variety Nanjing 9108. Two formulas of controlled-release available nitrogen fertilizer were set under the water and dry direct seeding: controlled-release-available nitrogen fertilizer formulation A basal application(T1), controlled release-available nitrogen fertilizer formulation B basal application(T2), and the application of common urea in several times as the control(CK). An investigation was made to clarify the effects of one-time nitrogen basal application on the rice yield and quality under two mechanical direct seeding. The results showed that the rice yield reached 9.0×10<sup>3</sup> kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in the controlled release-available nitrogen fertilizer formulation, beyond that in various direct seeding. In water direct seeding, the yield of water direct seeding rice was ranked from large to small, CK, T1, and T2, indicating no significant difference between CK and T1. In dry direct seeding, the rice yield of dry direct seeding was ranked in a descend order: CK, T2 and T1, indicating no significant difference between CK and T2. The rice yield in a water direct seeding was larger than that of a dry direct seeding. In terms of quality, compared with CK, the controlled release-available nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly improved the rice processing and nutritional quality, where the head milled rice rate and protein content increased by 5.79%-12.21% and 1.18%-3.86%, respectively, and chalkiness increased by 0.16%-15.12%, but the appearance quality became worse, and the amylose content decreased by 1.14%-5.12%. There was no significant difference in the taste value of dry direct seeding among treatments, or the water direct seeding between T1 and CK, but significantly higher than that of T2. In the RVA profile for the controlled release-available nitrogen fertilizer formulation, peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity, and breakdown were lower than those in CK, while, the setback and consistence were higher than those of CK. There was no significant difference in the rice processing and appearance quality among direct seeding. The amylose content was larger in the water than that in the dry direct seeding. The protein was higher in the dry direct seeding than that in the water direct seeding, indicating there was no significant difference in taste value. In the RVA profile, the water direct seeding was significantly higher than dry direct seeding in breakdown (P<0.05), indicating the dry direct seeding significantly better than the water direct seeding in setback value (P<0.05). One-time basal application of controlled release-available nitrogen fertilizer formulation A in the water direct seeding and formulation B in dry direct seeding can achieve the stable rice yield, and high quality of rice, indicating a great reduction of fertilization frequency. The finding can be beneficial to simplify the production of high quality, stable yield, and high efficiency of mechanical direct seeding rice.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cyclodextrins - Nitrogen fertilizers - Proteins - Urea - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Appearance qualities - Controlled release - Direct seeding rice - Field experiment - Jiangsu province - Nutritional qualities - Peak viscosities - Protein contents
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.14e+00% to 5.12e+00%, Percentage 1.18e+00% to 3.86e+00%, Percentage 1.60e-01% to 1.51e+01%, Percentage 5.79e+00% to 1.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20211310130545
Title:Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance of maize seed germination process under salt stress
Title of translation:盐胁迫下玉米种子萌发过程低场核磁共振研究
Authors:Yue, Xia (1); Bai, Yuhe (1); Wang, Zhaoyi (1); Song, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ping(songping_1010@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Taking the non-waxy corn Zhengdan 958 seeds as the test object, a Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) experiment was performed under different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 nmol/L), in order to explore the influence of salt stress on the water distribution and activity during the germination of corn seeds. Two parts were included in the LF-NMR experiment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance signal test. The proton density image was obtained by the Multi-slice Spin Echo (MSE) pulse sequence, and the nuclear magnetic signal was obtained by Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence (CPMG) pulse. The samples were incubated for 6 days at 28℃, providing for the analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance proton density images and NMR relaxation spectrum. The results showed that: The germination of maize had undergone the swelling (0-2 d), sprout (3-4 d), and budding (5-6 d) during the entire experimental period. Specifically, the overall moisture content increased, while the activity became stronger, as the gray value increased, where the grayscale image became brighter and whiter in a certain area. Therefore, the gray value of images can be used to represent the overall or local moisture content of seeds. Furthermore, the Region of Interest (ROI) of proton density image was extracted further to count the average gray value. It was found that the moisture content of endosperm and embryo part increased rapidly during the seed swelling stage, whereas, the growth rate decreased after 2 d. There was also a fluctuating increase in the moisture content of endosperm, whereas, the water in the embryo site fluctuated horizontally. The rate of water decreased as the salt concentration increased. Since the pseudo-color images can be used to visually show the germination process of seeds, they were used to explain the distribution and migration of overall moisture. However, more accurate data was needed to analyze the division and change rules of moisture in different phase states. The germination rate of seeds decreased from 90% to 0, as the degree of salt stress increased. When the salt concentration was 50 nmol/L and even below, the water signal amplitude of different phases was less affected by the salt stress, but when the salt concentration reached 100 nmol/L, the content of free water was suppressed at a low level. Particularly when it reached 150 nmol/L, the rate of change was greatly delayed in the content of bound and semi-bound water. After the 1<sup>th</sup> d, the T<inf>2</inf> relaxation spectra showed that, a small area of the side peaks which did not have obvious regularities with time appeared on the left of the bound water, the relaxation time was within the range of bound water, and the proportion of total moisture was below 10%; the seeds would not germinate and no side peaks appeared when the salt solution concentration reached 200 nmol/L. Side peak signal represents water whose hydrogen bond is more stable than in starch, and the special hydrogen bond might come from the biochemical reaction that occurred after the seed was released from the dormant state. The appearance of the side peaks closely related to whether the seeds germinate showed that the swelling stage is not completely a physical phenomenon, and the chemical reaction in this process prepares for the subsequent germination and exposure. Side peaks indicate a kind of bound water that marks the germination of seeds. The findings can provide the theoretical reference for the follow-up research on the response mechanism of maize seed germination to salt-alkali stress. The LF-NMR test can be used to simulate the salt-alkali environment, futher to quickly identify the salt-tolerant ability of seeds or plants.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Nuclear magnetic resonance
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Growth rate - Hydrogen bonds - Image segmentation - Magnetic resonance imaging - Magnetism - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Seed - Sodium chloride - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Biochemical reactions - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - NaCl concentration - Response mechanisms - Salt concentration - The region of interest (ROI) - Water distributions
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Molar_Concentration 1.00e-04mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.50e-04mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.00e-04mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 5.00e-05mol/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20211310130740
Title:Prediction of Panax notoginseng incidence rate based on meteorological factors in the high disease incidence period
Title of translation:基于病害高发期气象因子的三七病害发生率预测
Authors:Xiong, Kai (1); Yang, Qiliang (1); Yang, Chunxi (2); Liu, Xiaogang (1); Han, Huanhao (1); Zhou, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qiliang(yangqilianglovena@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:170-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Predicting the incidence rate accurately is an important basis for responding to Panax notoginseng disease in advance and improving yield and quality. The study used field meteorological data and incidence data in the Panax notoginseng planting base in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan province from 2018 to 2019, and used the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to avoid the occurrence of multiple collinearities. The weather data set from May to September each year was used as the training set validation set, and the Random Forest (RF) algorithm was used as the basic learning machine to construct the preliminary prediction model, and finally, the Gradient Descent (GD) algorithm was used for optimization. The results showed that 1) The incidence of Panax notoginseng disease in the high-incidence period was mainly related to soil temperature, humidity in the shed, and soil heat flux in the shed and above the canopy. The PCA avoided the problem of the multicollinearity and obtained the Pearson correlation coefficient between the indicators, among them, the soil temperature and humidity in the shed were positively related to the incidence rate, and their Pearson correlation coefficient were both between 0.25 and 0.75; the soil heat flux in the shed and the soil heat flux above Panax notoginseng canopy were negatively correlated with the incidence rate, and their Pearson correlation coefficient were both between -0.75 and -0.25. 2) Random forest predicted that the frequency of 35% of the incidence rate in the high-incidence period was relatively low, while the frequency of the incidence rate was between 60% and 80%. The phenomenon of infecting other plants at an exponential growth rate was consistent, and all fall within the confidence interval. The root mean square error value of the evaluation index used by random forest was 0.230, and the prediction effect could be trusted. 3) Through GD optimization, the cost function convergence time value was 241.03, the difference between the predicted incidence rate of Panax notoginseng and the actual incidence rate was 1.5%, and the weight of the impact of each meteorological factor on the incidence rate of Panax notoginseng disease in the high-incidence period was obtained. Where the maximum degree of the positive correlation between soil temperature, weight was 21.686, soil heat flux thirty-seven canopy above the negative correlation between the degree of the largest weight was -13.834. 4) Regarding the impact of various meteorological factors on the incidence rate of the Panax notoginseng disease in the high incidence period, the final prediction model was compared with the PCA obtained from the main effect analysis, and the analysis results of the two were consistent. The research results have reliable predictive capabilities in disease prediction, could provide theoretical basis and technical support for facility environmental regulation and intelligent management to reduce Panax notoginseng disease.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Heat flux
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Cost functions - Decision trees - Environmental regulations - Gradient methods - Machine learning - Mean square error - Meteorology - Optimization - Predictive analytics - Random forests - Regression analysis - Soils - Temperature - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Exponential growth rates - Intelligent management - Meteorological factors - Pearson correlation coefficients - Positive correlations - Predictive capabilities - Principal components analysis - Root mean square errors
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20211310130442
Title:Optimized design of H-VAWT blade airfoils profile considering range of angle of attack
Title of translation:考虑攻角范围的垂直轴风力机叶片翼型优化设计
Authors:Wang, Quan (1); Gan, Di (1); Yang, Shuyi (1); Wang, Huanjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan; 430068, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Quan(quan_wang2003@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:38-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wind energy, as a green and renewable energy, has attracted increasing attention from all over the world. Currently, rapidly developed wind turbine can transfer wind energy into electricity power. A H-type vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) has become a research focus to design new types of VAWT with high aerodynamic performance, due to its simple structure, easy installation, high adaptability, no need of yaw device, and feasible blade manufacturing. Therefore, H-type VAWT has become a focus on how to design new VAWT with high aerodynamic performance. The aerodynamic performance design of VAWT has very important influence on the power characteristics of wind station. Most previous studies on VAWTs were reported to predict accurately the energy efficiency and the effects of parameters, such as the number of blades, solidity, chord length, and pitch angle, on power coefficients using CFD simulation. As to the airfoil optimization design of H-type VAWT blade, most airfoils profile were designed based on an angle of attack or narrow range of angles of attack when determining the optimal angle of attack. In order to solve the problem that the airfoil profile of vertical axis wind turbine is designed under a single angle of attack, without considering the condition of large variation range of blade angle of attacks when the vertical axis wind turbine is working. In this study, an optimization design was proposed for the airfoil profile of VAWT blade under a certain angle of attacks. Firstly, the aerodynamic shape of blade airfoil in a VAWT was expressed in the combination of class function and B-spline function. As such, the optimal objective function of blade airfoil was set to the sum of tangential force coefficients under a certain angle of attacks. a NACA-0015 symmetric airfoil was chosen as the original airfoil when considering three ranges of angles of attack. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the aerodynamic performance prediction RFOIL software were used to optimize the aerodynamic shape of H-type VAWT blade. Finally, the optimized VAWT blade airfoil was addressed over the initial airfoil, particularly on the performance for utilization ratio of wind energy, torque coefficient, and vorticity distribution. The results showed that compared with the original vertical axis wind turbine, the new vertical axis wind turbine blade can effectively improve the torque coefficient and power coefficient of the vertical axis wind turbine. To be exactly, when the tip speed ratio is 1.9, the power coefficient reaches the peak which the maximum power coefficient of the new vertical axis wind turbine was 0.362 increased by 8.45% comparing to the original vertical axis wind turbine. In addition, the wake of the new H-type VAWT was effectively improved, which attributed to the new airfoil that could effectively suppressed the vortex shedding on the blade surface. This study has a good reference for how to the design the vertical axis wind turbine blade airfoil profile with high performance.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Turbine components
Controlled terms:Airfoils - Angle of attack - Computational fluid dynamics - Energy efficiency - Industrial research - Interpolation - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Turbomachine blades - Wind power - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Aero-dynamic performance - Aerodynamic performance predictions - Airfoil optimization - Power characteristic - Range of angles of attack - Tangential force coefficient - Vertical axis wind turbines - Vorticity distribution
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 617 Turbines and Steam Turbines - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.45e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20211310130583
Title:<sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> tracing of soil erosions on cultivated and reforested slope lands in Three North-Shelter Forest Region
Title of translation:<sup>137</sup>Cs和<sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf>双核素示踪"三北"防护林区退耕前后坡地土壤侵蚀变化
Authors:Wang, Junjie (1, 2); Su, Zhengan (1); Zhou, Tao (1, 2); Wang, Lijuan (1, 2); Wang, Xiaoyi (1, 3); Liu, Yihan (1, 4); Wu, Zuo (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625014, China; (4) College of Geography and Resources Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu; 610101, China
Corresponding author:Su, Zhengan(suzhengan@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:64-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:<sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> and <sup>137</sup>Cs measurements were carried out to trace the variations in soil depth and erosion rates in the cultivated and reforested land, aiming to explore the changes of soil retention due to the construction of the "Three North" shelterbelt program in the north of China. A typical shelterbelt and wind dominant region was selected, particularly on the Bashang Region of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei province, China. The results showed that in the cultivated land, both <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> in the soil profile were uniformly distributed, due mainly to the mixing effect of tillage. In the reforested land, the <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> concentrations in the 0-0.05 m soil layers were obviously higher than those in the other depth soil layers. There were roughly uniform concentrations of <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> from 0.05 m to 0.15 m of the upper 0.15 m soil layer. It infers that the <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> profile of soil can be changed after reforestation, thereby posing a great challenge on the use of <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> to estimate the variation in soil erosion rates under the conditions of reforestation. A revised <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> model of soil erosion in the reforested land was proposed using the <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> mass balance equation in the temporal change trends of <sup>137</sup>Cs and <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> profiles. In the <sup>137</sup>Cs proportional model, the mean soil erosion rates of reforested and cultivated land were 27.94±11.92 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a) and 29.11±14.42 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a). In the revised <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> conversion model, the soil erosion rates of reforested and cultivated land were 82.16±14.36 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a) and 68.55±22.11 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a) before the construction of Three-North shelter forest, whereas, those were -41.28±33.91 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a) and -8.52±47.32 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a) after the constructed. It indicates that the <sup>137</sup>Cs tracing can be used to characterize the average soil erosion rates and deposition rates on the slopes since 1963. Nevertheless, the <sup>210</sup>Pb<inf>ex</inf> tracer technology can be used to trace the variations in soil erosion rates before and after the shelter forest was constructed. In addition, the wind erosion rates of cultivated and reforested land obviously declined, due to the construction of Three-North Shelter Forest, where the cultivated and reforested land have been transformed from erosion zone to deposition zone in the study area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Deposition rates - Erosion - Land use - Reforestation - Soils - Trace analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Conversion model - Cultivated lands - Deposition zone - Dominant region - Mass balance equations - Proportional models - Soil erosion rate - Tracer technology
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801 Chemistry
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20211310130672
Title:Construction of visualization domain-specific knowledge graph of crop diseases and pests based on deep learning
Title of translation:基于深度学习的作物病虫害可视化知识图谱构建
Authors:Wu, Saisai (1); Zhou, Ailian (1); Xie, Nengfu (1); Liang, Xiaohe (1); Wang, Huijuan (1); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Chen, Guipeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100086, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Economics & Information, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330200, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Ailian(zhouailian@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:177-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The knowledge graph describes the concepts, entities, and their relationships in the objective world in a structured form. It has a better ability to organize, manage, and understand massive amounts of information, and can structure heterogeneous knowledge in the field. It can be widely used in medical, biological, financial, etc. In view of the current situation in the field of crop diseases and insect pests, there are multiple relationship pairs between the same entity and multiple entities, multi-source heterogeneous data, poor aggregation ability, low utilization, and the possibility of knowledge sharing. Combining Natural Language Processing (NLP) and text mining technologies, this study focused on data acquisition, ontology construction, knowledge extraction, and knowledge storage, researched on the construction of crops diseases and insect pests knowledge graph based on deep learning. Firstly, this study used the Scrapy crawler framework of the Python programming language to crawl data from web pages related to crop diseases and insect pests, and performed data cleaning and data supplementation through data preprocessing methods. Secondly, according to the characteristics of the domain corpus, the Protégé ontology construction tool was used to complete the semi-automatic construction of the crop diseases and insect pests ontology predefined the set of properties and relations and set the corresponding domains and ranges. Then, based on the ontology, the rule method was used to extract semi-structured knowledge, and the deep learning method was used to extract unstructured knowledge. In the process of unstructured knowledge extraction, a text annotation mode "Main_Entity+Relation+BIESO" (ME+R+BIESO) adapted to the domain corpus was also proposed. Based on a predefined set of relationships, entities and relationships were simultaneously annotated, it contained entity and relationship information at the same time, and directly modeling the triples instead of separately modeling entities and relationships. The corresponding triples were also directly obtained through analysis, which not only saved at least half of the cost of labeling but also realized the joint extraction of entity relations and solved the problem of overlapping relation extraction. And this study used the Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT)- Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM)+ Conditional Random Field (CRF) end-to-end model to experiment on the crop diseases and insect pests dataset. First, this study used the BERT pre-training language model to encode words, extracted text features, and used the generated vector as the input of the BiLSTM layer; BiLSTM integrated contextual information into the model at the same time, and performed bidirectional encoding to achieve effective prediction of label sequences; finally, this study used the CRF module to decode the output result of BiLSTM, and the label transition probability and constraint conditions were obtained through training and learning, and the entity label category of each character was obtained. The experimental results showed that the precision was 94.06%, the recall was 89.02%, and the F1 value reached 91.34%, which was much better than the pipeline method and classic models such as BiLSTM+CRF and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)+BiLSTM+CRF in the joint extraction method. The joint extraction of entity relations based on this annotation mode not only improved the efficiency and accuracy of annotation but also solved the problem of overlapping relations in the corpus. Finally, the extracted knowledge was stored in the graph database to realize the visual display of the knowledge graph and deep knowledge mining and reasoning. Combined the deep learning technology to realize the semi-automatic construction of the knowledge graph, which was of great significance for the detection of crop diseases and insect pests, forecasting and early warning, and the establishment of prevention models in the intelligent production system. It could provide a high-quality knowledge base for crop diseases and insect pests question answering systems, recommendation systems, search engines, and other applications, which could be effectively applied to crop variety selection, pest prevention and control, and fertilization and irrigation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Deep learning
Controlled terms:Convolutional neural networks - Crops - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Disease control - Encoding (symbols) - Extraction - Graph Databases - Graphic methods - Information management - Knowledge based systems - Knowledge representation - Learning systems - Linguistics - Natural language processing systems - Ontology - Problem oriented languages - Quality control - Random processes - Search engines - Signal encoding - Text mining - Websites
Uncontrolled terms:Conditional random field - Domain-specific knowledge - Forecasting and early warnings - Heterogeneous Knowledge - NAtural language processing - Python programming language - Question answering systems - Transition probabilities
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.13e+01%, Percentage 9.41e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20211310130548
Title:Wetland classification method using fully convolutional neural network and Stacking algorithm
Title of translation:采用全卷积神经网络与Stacking算法的湿地分类方法
Authors:Zhang, Meng (1); Lin, Hui (1); Long, Xiangren (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Forestry Remote Sensing & Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha; 410004, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Hui(linhui@csuft.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:257-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High-precision wetland mapping is playing a critical role in wetland ecological protection and fine management. In order to improve traditional classification of wetland, a new wetland classification that coupled with the Fully Convolutional Neural (FCN) network and ensemble learning was proposed in this study. A highly versatile feature extractor, including the convolutional layers and pooling layers in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), can be used to extract highly abstract deep features in remote sensing images. However, the input image size in many CNN models was 256 × 256 or 299 × 299 pixels, which cannot satisfy the features information extraction of wetland in a large scale. In the FCN, the fully connected layer can be replaced with a convolutional layer, where the images with any size can be accepted for the pixel-by-pixel classification. That was the reason that the FCN was chosen to extract image features. Here, the FCN (SegNet, UNet, and RefineNet) was employed to extract and merge the deep semantic features in the GF-6 images. Since single machine learning was easy to fall into a local optimal solution, with the relatively low generalization ability of unknown samples, ensemble learning can be utilized as multiple base classifiers to predict. A strong ability can be gained to apply for various scenarios with high classification accuracy. Therefore, a stacking ensemble learning model was selected for wetland classification, according to the semantic features derived by FCN, due mainly to a better ensemble effect on the stable classifiers in the task. In some scenarios, the performance of integrated Stacking was better than that of others. However, the performance of integrated stacking may be degraded in some applications. An adaptive stacking was proposed to further improve the stability and generalization ability of current Stacking. The meta-classifier was first determined in the adaptive stacking. The RF in an ensemble classifier was used as the meta-classifier to improve prediction performance. All the base-classifiers were combined freely to train the input dataset, including the Support Vector Machine (SVM), RF, k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Naive Bayes (NB). The results showed that the coupled FCN and adaptive Stacking can effectively extract the most types of wetland information, where the overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were 88.16% and 0.85, respectively. The producer accuracy and user accuracy of lakes/pools, mudflat, and sedge were all around 90%, but it was easy to form a misclassification of reed beaches and poplar forest beaches. The main reason was that similar spectral characteristics during the growing season were difficult to distinguish with single-phase remote sensing images. Compared with coupling FCN and single classifier (SVM, RF and kNN), the overall accuracy was improved by 5.31, 4.87, and 5.08 percent points, respectively. Compared with the SVM, RF and kNN, the overall accuracy was improved by 9.68, 7.90, and 10.01 percent points, respectively. Moreover, a higher classification accuracy was achieved, compared with that of SegNet, UNet, or RefineNet. According to the characterization performance of each classifier, ensemble learning can make reasonable selection and reorganization, further to improve the classification accuracy and its generalization ability.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Beaches - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Learning systems - Logistic regression - Multilayer neural networks - Nearest neighbor search - Pixels - Remote sensing - Semantics - Support vector machines - Support vector regression - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Generalization ability - K nearest neighbor (KNN) - Local optimal solution - Multiple base classifiers - Pixel-by-pixel classification - Prediction performance - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:407.3 Coastal Engineering - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.08e+00%, Percentage 8.82e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.24.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2022 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普