<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20203509114948
Title:Sand fixation and water retention performance of clay modified by cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride
Title of translation:十六烷基三甲基氯化铵改性黏土固沙保水性能
Authors:Qu, Yongping (1); Zhang, Zengzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan; 030051, China; (2) Research Institute of Ecological and Functional Materials, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:109-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A kind of clay modified by Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Ahloride(CTAC) was prepared to solve the problem of sand fixation in desert highway construction and maintenance. H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5 were assigned to the treatments with mass ratios of CTAC to clay 2:4, 3:4, 4:4, 5:4 and 6:4, respectively. In addition, unmodified clay was prepared as the control group H. Water retention performance was tested in an artificial climate box to simulate the desert climate. And the changes of mass and compressive strength were compared before and after ageing to test the anti-aging property. The grass planting experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of materials on germination rates. At last, the mechanism of sand fixation and water retention was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer, infrared spectrum analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the water retention property was obviously improved with the increase of CTAC content. The moisture content of H5 and H4 were 27% and 23% respectively, while H1 was 7% on the 7th day, indicating the water retention performance of modified clay samples were gradually enhanced with the increase of CTAC content. In the compressive strength test, the strength of the unmodified clay group H was failed to measure due to the strength less than 0.1 MPa, while the strengths of the modified clay samples were significantly improved, and the strengths of the modified clay samples all met the standard requirements (no less than 1 MPa). Moreover, the strength of the modified clay increased with the increase of the content of CTAC, with the highest and higher strength of H5 and H4 (2.2 and 2.1MPa respectively), and the lowest strength of H1 (1.7 MPa). This indicated that CTAC could bond dispersed clay particles together to form a consolidation layer, and its strength could meet the requirements of mechanical construction. In the anti-aging performance test, after aging for 500 h, no obvious cracks were found on the surface of the samples, and the water retention performance decreased by less than 5%. The strength and mass loss rate of all the groups increased with aging time, and the higher the CTAC content, the higher the strength and mass loss rate. The strength loss rates of H4 and H5 were respectively 7.3% and 10.4%, and the mass loss rates of H4 and H5 were respectively 2.6% and 3.2% after 500 h of aging. The grass planting experiment showed the germination rate of the unmodified clay group (H) was only 7%, far below that of modified groups. With the increase of CTAC content, the germination rate of grass seeds gradually increased. The germination rate of the modified group H1 was 33%, and the highest germination rate was up to 47% (H4). But there was no more increase when CTAC content increase further, and the germination rate of H5 group was 41%. The microscopic analysis showed that CTAC could bond the loose clay particles together through intercalating effect. The clay gaps were turned into hydrophobicity, which resulted in the increase of the water transport resistance. So the modified clay had better sand-fixation and water-retention performance. However too much CTAC blocked the space of clay particles, the permeability of clay decreased, so the germination rate of H5 decreased. Although the compressive strength and water retention performance of H5 is slightly better than H4, as a kind of sand fixation material, the most important performance is the survival rate of seedlings. Therefore, under the premise that all other performances meet the standard requirements, H4 with the highest germination rate was selected as the best treatment scheme. The results could provide reference for the application of the modified sand-fixing materials.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Clay
Controlled terms:Chlorine compounds - Compressive strength - Cultivation - Fire resistance - Highway engineering - Sand - Scanning electron microscopy - Spectrum analyzers
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-aging properties - Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride - Infrared spectrum analyzer - Mechanical construction - Microscopic analysis - Standard requirements - Water retention properties - X ray diffractometers
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+00%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 1.00e+06Pa, Pressure 1.70e+06Pa, Pressure 2.10e+06Pa, Pressure 2.20e+06Pa, Time 1.80e+06s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20203509114869
Title:Construction and effect of sequencing batch double-cycle recirculating aquaculture system
Title of translation:间歇式双循环工厂化养殖系统构建及其养殖效果
Authors:Li, Hua (1); Tian, Daohe (1); Liu, Qingsong (1); Duan, Yafei (1); Zhang, Jiasong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Guangzhou; 510300, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jiasong(jiasongzhang@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:299-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) can make the intensive fish production compatible with the environmental sustainability in fish farming. However, high operating cost and low stability of water treatment have limited its application in recent years. In this study, a sequencing batch double-cycle RAS was constructed, in order to increase the stocking density and survival rate for the better RAS water treatment stability. The special designed RAS was designed and operated from April to October 2019, in Shenzhen city, Guangdong Province, China. Both biofilter and mechanical filter were concurrently operated in the double-cycle RAS. The biofilm reactor was run in a 6 h cycle, where each cycle comprised of feeding (30 min), aerobic reaction (4 h), settling (1 h) and discharge (30 min). Hydraulic retention time increased with the intermittent biofilter, in order to completely degrade nitrogen pollutants. The arc screen was run continuously to remove solid particulate matter timely. A systematic investigation has been conducted to explore the system startup and its effect on high density grouper stocking. Nitrifying biofloc was first precultured as the seed sludge to startup the biofilm reactor. It took about 22 days to cultivate the biofilm on sponge fillers using the inoculation with nitrifying biofloc. The mature biofilm showed the high removal efficiency of nitrogen. In effluent, the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen approached 0 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. The sponge fillers with matured biofilm were transferred to the biofilm reactor, and then a grouper culture experiment was carried out with the initial stocking density of 30.03 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. In 0-28 days of culture, the biofilm on the sponge fillers was first detached as the water flow, followed by the regrowth after acclimation. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen decreased as the biofilm was detached, whereas, the ammonia concentration in culture water increased to 4.62 mg/L in day 12. High concentration of ammonia induced the grouper no eating during 9-16 d. However, the grouper was return to normal on 17th day, as the concentration of ammonia was far below the reported safe level. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen gradually increased to 93.73% and 93.50%, respectively, as the biofilm regrew on the fillers. The final concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were stabilized at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively. In addition, an aerated arc screen combined with foam separation and arc screen can remove fine particles, where obviously decrease the turbidity of culture water when the particle size was below 100 μm. The turbidity of culture water decreased from 5.3 NTU to 1.00 NTU, while kept the level in the subsequent culture experiment. Finally, the average weight of grouper increased from 273±12.22 g to 552.52±107.04 g, after 66 days culture, while the final stocking density reached 60.78 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the survival rate was 100%. This sequencing batch double-cycle recirculating aquaculture system has demonstrated the highly efficient water treatment, high stocking density, and high survival rate. Therefore, the proposed system can be expected for a wide application in fish farming in the near future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aquaculture - Biofilms - Biofilters - Bioreactors - Effluents - Electromechanical filters - Fillers - Fish - Flow of water - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Particle size - Sustainable development - Turbidity - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia concentrations - Environmental sustainability - Guangdong Province - Hydraulic retention time - Mechanical filters - Recirculating aquaculture system - Removal efficiencies - Solid particulates
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics) - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 703.2 Electric Filters - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.62e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.08e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Percentage 9.37e+01%, Size 1.00e-04m, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 1.80e+03s, Age 0.00e+00yr to 7.67e-02yr, Age 1.81e-01yr, Mass_Density 0.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-04kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20203509114895
Title:Effects of plant root lengths on stability of ecological bag reinforced retaining wall
Title of translation:植物根系长度对生态袋加筋土挡墙稳定性的影响
Authors:Zhou, Yunyan (1); Qian, Tonghui (1); Song, Xin (2); Wang, Xiaomei (1); Zhu, Xiao (1); Li, Xiaolong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) China Construction First Division Group Construction & Development Company, Beijing; 100020, China
Corresponding author:Qian, Tonghui(qiantongh@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:102-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the flexible ecological reinforced retaining wall, the vegetation can not only play a greening and environmental protection role, but also the growing plant roots have a three-dimensional reinforcement effect. In order to explore the effect of plant roots on stability of the ecological bag reinforced retaining wall, In this study, three round-trips vertical load tests were carried out on four groups of ecological bag reinforced retaining wall models with different root lengths. That were, no root in the ecological bag, and the roots extended out ecological bag of 10, 20 and 30 cm respectively. Palm leaves were selected to replace plant roots in the tests due to plant roots are easy to wilt and lose strength, while palm leaves are not easy to wilt and still have large tensile strength after wilting. The variations of four parameters, horizontal displacement of ecological bag reinforced retaining wall, horizontal earth pressure behind the ecological bag wall-plate and near reinforced body end, the tensile strain of geogrid, were studied with root length and load. The results showed that the variation rules of the four parameters with the increase of load in the four sets of model tests were similar. Through the comparative analysis of the test data, it was found that the presence of roots increased the overall rigidity of the ecological bag wall-plate, under the same load, compared with no root, the horizontal displacement in the three types of retaining walls with different root lengths all decreased, and the more root length increased, the more the values decreased. The horizontal displacement had slightly decrease in load less than 80 kPa, while obviously decrease in load more than 100 kPa. The horizontal earth pressures behind the ecological bag wall-plate without roots in different wall heights were all greater than that of the rooted reinforced retaining wall under the same load, especially the roots extended out the ecological bag of 30 cm. The horizontal earth pressures near reinforced body end and tensile strain of the geogrid had similar trends with the horizontal earth pressures behind the ecological bag wall-plate,and they were gradually decreased under the same load with the root length increased. Then the sensitivities of the four parameters affected by the root length were analyzed, and the sensitivities of the four parameters were in order from high to low as follows: horizontal earth pressure behind the ecological bag wall-plate, horizontal displacement of retaining wall, horizontal earth pressure near reinforced body end, tensile strain of geogrid. The two parameters, horizontal earth pressure behind the ecological bag wall-plate and horizontal displacement of ecological bag reinforced retaining wall, were more sensitive to the change of root length. The results showed that the plant roots could improve the integrity and stiffness of the ecological bag wall-plate, and increased the internal and external stability of flexible ecological reinforced retaining wall. With root length increased, the strengthening effect became more obvious. The successful implement of this research can provide important experimental basis for understanding the nature of the role of plant roots on flexible ecological reinforced retaining walls.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Retaining walls
Controlled terms:Ecology - Geosynthetic materials - Load testing - Plants (botany) - Pressure distribution - Reinforcement - Tensile strain - Tensile strength
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative analysis - Horizontal displacements - Horizontal earth pressure - Internal and external stabilities - Reinforced retaining walls - Strengthening effect - Three-dimensional reinforcement - Two parameter
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 8.00e+04Pa, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20203509114977
Title:Recognition method of pheasant using enhanced Tiny-YOLOV3 model
Title of translation:基于增强型Tiny-YOLOV3模型的野鸡识别方法
Authors:Yi, Shi (1); Shen, Lian (1); Zhou, Siyao (1); Zhu, Jingming (1); Yuan, Xuesong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, College of Oxford Brookes, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China; (2) College of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu; 610054, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:141-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The increase of pheasants has posed a threaten to crops as the advancement of ecology. However, most conventional methods of bird repellent have inherent deficiencies in terms of efficiency and danger. An efficiency monitoring method for pheasant is necessary to combine with artificial intelligence, in order to provide early warning and expulsion of pheasants. Normally, pheasant activities are mostly in the early morning and dusk under complex environment with protective color or habit of hiding. This behavior has made monitoring methods much more challenge. In this paper, a novel recognition method for pheasant has been proposed on the deployment of embedded computing platform, combined with the enhanced Tiny-YOLOV3 target detection network, particularly on considering the behavior of pheasant and specific living conditions. A lightweight network is required to ensure the accuracy and real-time monitoring due to the deployment on a mobile platform in the field environment. A real-time monitoring network ET-YOLO has also been established for the emergence of pheasants in a complex field environment, according to the basic structure of the Tiny-YOLOV3 lightweight target detection network. The feature extraction can deepen the net depth of Tiny-YOLOV3, and thereby increase the detection scale to improve the detection accuracy of original net target. CenterNet structure was used in the net detection layer to further enhance the detection accuracy and speed. The dataset of pheasant monitoring was produced after augmentation using the field collection of images in various environments, including 6000 high resolution images of pheasant in different distances, angles and environments. The indicators of experimental evaluation were mainly tested in terms of accuracy, real-time performance, and model size. Specifically, the average detection accuracy, average detection speed, and detection model size of the pheasant were used for evaluation. The experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of ET-YOLO in the complex field environment was 86.5%, and the average detection speed was 62 frames/s, 15% higher than that of initial Tiny-YOLOV3. The average detection accuracy was higher than that of YOLOV3, Faster-RCNN and SSD_MobileNetV2 by 1.5%, 1.1% and 18%, respectively. The average detection speed was 38 frames /s, 47 frames /s and 1 frame/s higher than that of YOLOV3, Faster-RCNN and SSD_MobileNetV2, respectively, when the detection model size of 56 MB. The proposed method can be suitable for the deployment on embedded computing platforms equipped with agricultural robots and intelligent machines in terms of recognition accuracy, real-time performance, and model size, particularly recognizing pheasants in complex environments.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Feature extraction
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Artificial intelligence - Complex networks - Efficiency - Intelligent robots - Monitoring
Uncontrolled terms:Complex environments - Conventional methods - Experimental evaluation - High resolution image - Real time monitoring - Real time performance - Recognition accuracy - Recognition methods
Classification code:722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.6 Robot Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 8.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20203509114984
Title:Effects of L-cysteine treatment on phenylpropanoid metabolism of postharvest "Qingcui" plum fruit
Title of translation:L-半胱氨酸处理对采后青脆李果实苯丙烷代谢的影响
Authors:Chen, Liwei (1); Ling, Yang (1); Deng, Lili (1, 2); Zeng, Kaifang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Zeng, Kaifang(zengkaifang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:257-263
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The phenylpropanoid pathway, one of the important secondary metabolic pathways in fruits and vegetables, can produce a wide range of phenolic substances, which have many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial and immunity enhancing. The type and content of produced phenols determine the flavor and quality of fruits, particularly on the nutrition and health. Since L-cysteine is a typical amino acid in living organism, previous studies have found that exogenous L-cysteine treatment can effectively delay the senescence and quality loss of plum fruit during storage after harvest. However, there are few reports on the effect of L-cysteine treatment on the synthesis of phenolic compounds in fruit. Taking 'Qingcui' plum fruit as the test material, this study aims to investigate the effect of L-cysteine treatment on the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, in order to provide theoretical support for the shelf life of fruit and preservation during postharvest storage. Specifically, the plum fruit was soaked with L-cysteine solution at 1 g/L for 10 min, and then stored at (20±1)℃ with 85%-90% relative humidity. The effect of L-cysteine treatment on key enzymes activities in phenylpropanoid pathway was investigated, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumaric coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), as well as the change rule of total phenols, flavonoids and other metabolites. The antioxidant activity of plum fruit was also evaluated. The results showed that L-cysteine treatment significantly(P<0.05) delayed the decrease of total soluble solid and titratable acidity content of plum fruit during postharvest storage, indicating that can maintain an excellent quality of fruit. Moreover, the activities of key enzymes increased gradually in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway during storage. The activities of PAL and 4CL of plum fruit in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group. Compared with control group, L-cysteine treatment can increase the content of total phenols and total flavonoids significantly in the first three days of storage, where the content decreased first, and then increased. In the determination of phenolic monomers, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid decreased first and then increased during storage, while syringic acid and rutin increased gradually. The contents of phenolic monomers in the treated fruits, such as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, and rutin, were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The trend of antioxidant activity was consistent with that of total phenols and flavonoids, while the fruits maintained high antioxidant activity during storage after L-cysteine treatment. The correlation analysis revealed that the activities of PAL, 4CL and C4H enzyme in fruit were significantly correlated to the content of phenolic substances and antioxidant capacity (P<0.05), whereas, the antioxidant activity in the fruit was extremely significantly correlated with total phenols, total flavonoids and other metabolic substances (P<0.01). These findings demonstrated that 1 g/L L-cysteine treatment can efficiently activate the phenylpropanoid pathway of fruit, thereby to promote the accumulation of phenolic substances. Therefore, the L-cysteine treatment can effectively enhance the storage quality of 'Qingcui' plum fruit.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Alcohols - Amino acids - Ammonia - Antioxidants - Enzymes - Flavonoids - Metabolism - Metabolites - Monomers - Phenols - Plants (botany) - Storage (materials)
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Correlation analysis - Fruits and vegetables - Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase - Phenylpropanoid metabolisms - Phenylpropanoid pathways - Post-harvest storage - Secondary metabolic pathways
Classification code:694.4 Storage - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 8.50e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20203509114985
Title:Path detection of visual navigation for jujube harvesters
Title of translation:红枣收获机视觉导航路径检测
Authors:Zhang, Xiongchu (1); Chen, Bingqi (1); Li, Jingbin (2); Liangxi, Huizi (1, 2); Yao, Qingwang (2); Mu, Shuhao (1); Yao, Wenguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Bingqi(fbcbq@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:133-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The jujube industry occupies an important position in the social economy of Xinjiang. It is important to realize the automatic driving of the jujube harvester. This study proposes a visual navigation path detection algorithm for the jujube harvester which working above the jujube trees based on image processing, aiming at the harvest operation of the Jun-jujube and Hui-jujube orchards in Xinjiang. First, the variety of the jujube orchard was distinguished. Set the middle 1/3 area in the y-axis direction of the image as the processing area, according to the relationship between the standard deviation d and the minimum value f of the B-component vertical cumulative histogram of the processing area of the image, the jujube orchard variety was automatically determined. If the value of f/d was less than 5, it was the Jun-jujube orchard, and the rest was the Hui-jujube orchard. Secondly, navigation path was extracted based on the results of jujube orchard classification. For the Hui-jujube orchard, the cromatic aberration method and the OTSU method weare first used to transform the image into gray and binary, and then to denoise and fill the pixel hole that the black pixels inside white pixels or the white pixels inside black pixels in the binary image. Then, the pixel rows were scanned from the top to the bottom in the processing area, and then the coordinates average value of the pixel points with pixel value of 0 were taken as the candidate points on each pixel row, and the average value of all candidate points' coordinates was used as the known point coordinates of Hough transform. Finally, the navigation path was fitted based on the Hough transform through the known points. For the Jun-jujube orchard, set the middle 1/3 of the X-axis direction of the image as the processing area. The scan interval was determined by vertically accumulating the R-component in the processing area. Then, in the processing area, the scanning interval was determined by accumulating R-component vertically, and then scanned line by line from top to bottom in the scanning area,,the pixel with the smallest R-component value in each row of pixels was taken as the candidate point of the line, and the average coordinate value of all candidate points was taken as the known point of Hough transform. Finally, the Hough transform of known points was used to fit the navigation path The test results showed that for the Hui-jujube orchard and the Jun-jujube orchard, the average path detection accuracy of the algorithm was 94% and 93%, and the average processing time of one frame image was 0.042 and 0.046 s respectively. The detection accuracy and real-time performance can meet the requirements of jujube harvester operation, and can automatically identify the types of jujube orchard for operation, which can provide theoretical basis for the realization of automatic driving of jujube harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pixels
Controlled terms:Automobile drivers - Binary images - Feature extraction - Harvesters - Hough transforms - Navigation - Orchards - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic driving - Cumulative histogram - Detection accuracy - Harvest operations - Real time performance - Scanning intervals - Standard deviation - Visual Navigation
Classification code:432 Highway Transportation - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.30e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Time 4.20e-02s, Time 4.60e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20203509114893
Title:Classification of Atlantic salmon feeding behavior based on underwater machine vision
Title of translation:基于水下机器视觉的大西洋鲑摄食行为分类
Authors:Zhang, Jialin (1); Xu, Lihong (1); Liu, Shijing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai; 201800, China; (2) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Lihong(xulihong@tongji.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:158-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fish feeding behavior can provide effective decision-making information for accurate feeding in aquaculture. Most previous studies were usually conducted in a laboratory environment to understanding fish feeding behavior. The limited application cannot reveal the actual production status of fish due to the influence of light conditions and farming environment in practice. Particularly, the cameras placed over the water surface cannot work well in most methods, due to serious light reflection resulted from the complex illumination conditions. For instance, the light reflection is so serious that many fishes are blocked out. In this study, an attempt was made to introduce an underwater video dataset for the feeding behavior of Atlantic salmon. In the dataset, the video clips were captured from an industrial recirculating aquaculture system. Each sample that labeled as eating or noneating was a 5-second clip with the frame rate of 30 Hz. A total of 3 791 samples were marked in the dataset, where 3 132 samples were marked as noneating and 659 samples eating. A novel video classification method based on Variational Auto-Encoder and Convolutional Neural Network (VAE-CNN) was proposed to identify the fish-feeding behavior from the video clip. Two steps were as followed. In the first step, a Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) model was trained to extract the spatial feature of video frames. All video frames were encoded as a multivariate Gaussian probability distribution function in a latent space, indicating that represented by a Gaussian mean vector and a Gaussian variance vector. Specifically, the frames in a video clip were input into a trained VAE encoder to produce Gaussian mean vectors and Gaussian variance vectors, then to combine them in column order separately, finally to obtain the Gaussian mean feature matrix and Gaussian variance feature matrix of the video. In this step, the video clip of fish feeding behavior was coded as a feature map with two channels for the subsequent classification. In the second step, the fish feeding behavior was classified by inputting the feature matrix into the CNN. The VAE output features were input to train the CNN, while the spatio-temporal features in fish feeding behavior videos were extracted for the final classification. To verify the CNN, the VAE output features were also input into the backpropagation neural network (VAE-BP) and support vector machine (VAE-SVM) to classify the feeding behavior of fish. The results showed that VAE-CNN performed better. The main reason is that the CNN with a local receptive field function can allow it to better learn the spatio-temporal features in fish feeding behavior videos, while the other two methods only consider the output features of VAE as a common feature map. In real factory farming, the accuracy of the proposed method reached 89%, the recall reached 90%, and the specificity reached 87%. Compared with the single-image classification method, VAE-CNN recall increased by 15 percentage points, and other performance indexes of video classification method improved significantly. In terms of running time, the proposed algorithm only needed 4.15 s to process 5 s (150 frames) for the video of fish feeding behavior. This novel method can build a solid foundation for the future system with feedback control based on the fish feeding behavior.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Feeding
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Backpropagation - Classification (of information) - Computer vision - Convolutional neural networks - Decision making - Distribution functions - Fish - Gaussian distribution - Image enhancement - Learning systems - Light reflection - Signal encoding - Support vector machines - Vector spaces - Vectors - Video cameras
Uncontrolled terms:Back propagation neural networks - Gaussian probability distributions - Illumination conditions - Laboratory environment - Receptive field function - Recirculating aquaculture system - Spatio temporal features - Video classification
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.00e+01Hz, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Time 5.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20203509114997
Title:Detection of ammonia concentration in livestock poultry houses based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Title of translation:基于可调谐吸收光谱的畜禽舍氨气浓度检测
Authors:Tan, Hequn (1, 2); Li, Xin'an (1, 2); Ai, Zhengmao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:186-194
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to develop an NH<inf>3</inf> concentration monitoring system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) for real-time and in-situ control the environment of livestock and poultry houses. In an air chamber, an optical path was attached to a butterfly laser with a wavelength of 1512 nm as the light source. NH<inf>3</inf> concentration was then detected in livestock poultry houses based on the molecular absorption spectroscopy and wavelength modulation technology. To optimize the performance of TDLAS system, the optimal modulation parameters were determined via tailoring the amplitude and frequency of sawtooth scanning signal and the sinusoidal modulation signal, as well as the phase difference between the input and the reference signals. Moreover, the optimal parameters included the heating temperature in an air chamber, system response time, and the average number of second harmonics. Finally, the concentration calibration experiments were used to verify the performance of TDLAS system. The results showed that the optimal second harmonic shape and amplitude were obtained when the frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal modulation signal were set as 9 kHz and 30 mV, respectively, while the scanning frequency and range of sawtooth scanning signal as 1 Hz and 170-215 mV, respectively, as well the phase difference between the input signal and the reference signal as 50°. The concentration calibration test achieved for the standard gas (N<inf>2</inf>, NH<inf>3</inf>). There was a good linear relationship between the different concentrations of NH<inf>3</inf> and the amplitude of second harmonic (the correlation coefficient of fitting equation r<sup>2</sup>= 0.9958). The response time of detection system was about 42 s, from the start of air chamber self-inflation to the time when the target concentration of 99% was reached. In the response test, the results showed that the appropriate increase in the flow rate of gas can effectively improve the detection efficiency of system. According to the temperature test, too high heating temperature has led to ammonia oxidation, whereas too low heating temperature cannot effectively limit ammonia adsorption in the gas chamber. The adsorption of NH<inf>3</inf> reached the lowest level, when the heating temperature was set as 403 K in the chamber. According to Allan variance analysis, the TDLAS system reached the detection limit of 0.038 mg/m<sup>3</sup> when the integration time was 10 s. The average number was set to 5 times, indicating a high accuracy during the stable period of detection system. Performance tests were performed on the system under the optimal system parameters, indicating a comprehensive linear error of 1.00%, and a quantitative comprehensive repeated error of 0.51%. In four concentration conditions, the accuracy and stability of detection system were close to that of the acousto-optic spectrum detection, and better than that of the electrochemical detection. The findings demonstrated that the developed system can present highly accurate detection and stable performance, and thereby to serve as the needs of long-term continuous monitoring of NH<inf>3</inf> concentration in livestock houses.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Modulation
Controlled terms:Absorption spectroscopy - Agriculture - Ammonia - Calibration - Chemical detection - Gas adsorption - Harmonic analysis - Heating - Houses - Light sources - Monitoring - Response time (computer systems) - Scanning - Semiconductor lasers
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia concentrations - Calibration experiments - Concentration monitoring - Correlation coefficient - ELectrochemical detection - Long-term continuous monitoring - Molecular absorption spectroscopy - Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 744.4.1 Semiconductor Lasers - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+00Hz, Frequency 9.00e+03Hz, Mass_Density 3.80e-08kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 5.10e-01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Size 1.51e-06m, Temperature 4.03e+02K, Time 4.20e+01s, Voltage 1.70e-01V to 2.15e-01V, Voltage 3.00e-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20203509114868
Title:Hydraulic performance experiment and internal flow field numerical simulation for underdrain of micro-irrigation sand filter
Title of translation:微灌砂石过滤器滤帽水力性能试验及内部流场模拟
Authors:Cai, Jiumao (1); Zhai, Guoliang (1); Lyu, Mouchao (1); Liu, Jieyun (1); Zhang, Wenzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Water Saving Irrigation Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang; 453002, China
Corresponding author:Zhai, Guoliang(zhai3393@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:67-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sand filter is considered to be one of the best choice to prevent clogging in micro-irrigation system. Head losses in media filter are produced by the friction loss due to the internal auxiliary elements of the filter container and the resistance offered by the media layer. The underdrain element is a core component in sand filter. To deeply understand the hydraulic behavior of underdrain, the experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to explore the flow resistance characteristics and flow field distribution in the underdrain. Laboratory experiments of filtering and backwashing were conducted in Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China. A trapezoidal underdrain element applied commonly in domestic market was selected in the experiment. It was installed in a scaled sand filter based on a commercial filter with 600 mm internal diameter. The sand filter model were tested at eight filtering velocities ranging from 0.010 to 0.040 m/s, and eight backwashing velocities ranging from 0.005 to 0.040 m/s, which were consist with the actual commercial filter operation. The experimental variables were monitored in real time by a data acquisition system consisted of a flowmeter and pressure transmitter. The internal flow behavior through the filter was simulated using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. A CFD model of the underdrain was developed by ANSYS Fluent 15.0. The geometry of the underdrain and its unstructured mesh were designed by ICEM software. Due to the turbulent flow regime in the underdrain and layer, the realizable k-Ε turbulence model and the porous medium model were selected for solution. The computing area and the boundary condition of inlet and outlet were proposed. To ensure the reliability of the numerical simulation, the experimental values were compared with the simulated results. The results showed that the simulated values of head loss were in good agreement with the experimental values with the relative errors between 3.54% and 6.53%. The tested results showed that as the filtering velocity increased (>0.024 m/s), the pressure drop produced by the underdrain improved more significantly than the media layer. When the velocity increased to 0.040 m/s, the 72.3% of the pressure drop were produced by the underdrain. At the same filtration velocity, the pressure drop of backwashing mode was higher than filtering mode. The results confirmed that it was important to select appropriate filter model and avoid overload operation for the irrigation system. The simulated pressure and velocity contours showed that the structure without slots at the top of underdrain increased the non-uniformity of the flow streamlines and affected the backwash efficiency. Due to the narrowing of the flow section gradually from the layer to the underdrain outlet, the flow velocity increased drastically. When filtration velocity was 0.030 m/s, the velocities at the narrow slots and the entrance of the collector reached 2.57 and 4.01 m/s, respectively, resulting in significant pressure drop in the two region subsequently. The pressure contours of the collector at different cross sections showed non-uniformity due to the violent disturbance of the flow. In view of these results, a spherical flat underdrain with smaller aspect ratio and more uniform slots distribution was designed. Compared to the trapezoidal underdrain, the distance of the flow through the underdrain decreased by 14% and the passing area increased by 27%. In addition, the diameter of the tube outlet increased to 30 mm. The modification favored vertical flow through the porous medium and the underdrain chamber with a more direct exit, thereby reducing pressure drop. The CFD simulations of the modified underdrain showed the smoother streamline around the underdrain for filtering mode and a smaller vortex scale for backwashing mode, indicating excellent passing capacity and backwash efficiency. The study could guide the design of filter for irrigation equipment manufacturer, irrigation project designer and field operator.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aspect ratio - Data acquisition - Drops - Efficiency - Flow fields - Flow velocity - Irrigation - Numerical models - Porous materials - Pressure drop - Sand - Turbulence models - Two phase flow - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Computational fluid dynamics methods - Data acquisition system - Flow field distribution - Flow resistance characteristic - Hydraulic performance experiments - K-epsilon turbulence model - Microirrigation systems - Numerical investigations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 3.54e+00% to 6.53e+00%, Percentage 7.23e+01%, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-01m, Velocity 1.00e-02m/s to 4.00e-02m/s, Velocity 2.57e+00m/s, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s, Velocity 4.00e-02m/s, Velocity 4.01e+00m/s, Velocity 5.00e-03m/s to 4.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20203509114902
Title:Mechanism for the application of biochar in remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland and its research advances
Title of translation:生物炭修复重金属污染农田土壤的机制及应用研究进展
Authors:Li, Hongbo (1); Zhong, Yi (1); Zhang, Haonan (1); Wang, Xin (1); Chen, Jing (1); Wang, Linling (1); Xiao, Jinguang (3); Xiao, Wu (2, 3); Wang, Wei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Power China Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha; 410014, China; (3) Power China Environmental Engineering Corporation Limited, Changsha; 410014, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Linling(wanglinling@hust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:173-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heavy metals contaminated soils pose a serious risk to human beings and animals via direct exposure and food chain. Biochar, a carbon-rich material, is used to remediate heavy metals contaminated farmland. This strategy provides an effective method for utilizing biomass resources and ensuring food safety. With increasing attention, the number of published articles concerning biochar has been increasing in the recent ten years, therefore providing researchers with a large amount of evidence and insights. In this study, the latest studies of biochar in the remediation of heavy metals contaminated farmland were reviewed, with the focus on possible mechanisms of biochar-heavy-metal interactions, related impact factors, and in-situ application of biochar at the field scale. Biochar showed a strong sorption ability, attributed to its physiochemical properties such as large specific surface area, abundant functional groups and high cation exchange capacity. The application effect of biochar was greatly influenced by its characteristics. After summarizing biochar's physiochemical property data in recent years, the study discussed the changing law of biochar's properties with the alteration of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature, respectively. To modulate the properties of biochar for soil remediation, various modifiers with different concentrations were adopted, including acids, bases, oxidizing agents, organic solvents and metal salts or oxidizing agents. In general, the purposes of modification were to enlarge the surface area, to change the functional groups, and to increase the adsorption performance and catalytic capacity. Furthermore, the immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals by biochar were illustrated. The direct immobilization could be achieved through physical absorption, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, and redox reaction. Besides, the indirect effects of biochar on heavy-metal mobility and bioavailability, which could be achieved via impacting soil characteristics and thus heavy-metal-soil complexation, were less understood and could be largely underestimated. Biochar addition could alter many soil properties including pH value, dissolved organic carbon, mineral composition, and cation exchange capacity. These changes would affect heavy-metal-soil interactions and thus heavy-metal mobility and bioavailability. Many laboratory studies had demonstrated biochar's effectiveness in decreasing the bioavailability of heavy metals as well as improving soil quality. However, the value of biochar in the remediation of contaminated land had not been well tested in the field. In different field trials, distinct results (beneficial, neutral or adverse effects) had been reported due to wide variations in field conditions and biochar characteristics. To better understand whether biochar application could provide a promising direction for soil remediation, this review was undertaken to assess the published field trial. The results of most previous field trials indicated that biochar could potentially reduce heavy-metal bioavailability in the field. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in the heavy-metal enrichment of the crops was observed. It was found that the use of biochar may help increase crop yields on polluted farmland and reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer used in the field. The application of biochar could inactivate heavy metals through improving soil physicochemical properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, water retention capacity etc.). In addition, it also could be used to enhance the uptake of soil nutrients for plant growth. However, according to a majority of studies, biochar's effectiveness in reducing the impacts of heavy metals depended on a myriad of factors in the field, including biochar applying process (variety and dosage rate of the biochar, mixing depth), agronomic measure (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer application) and climatic conditions (air temperature and precipitation). In the last part, future research on the perfection of the mechanisms of soil remediation using biochar, the expansion of the scale, and the long-term monitoring on soil was prospected.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:110
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Biochemistry - Chemical contamination - Contamination - Crops - Farms - Food safety - Heavy metals - Ion exchange - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic carbon - Oxidation - Physicochemical properties - Positive ions - Potassium fertilizers - Redox reactions - Remediation - Soil conservation - Soil surveys - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Cation exchange capacities - Dissolved organic carbon - Electrostatic attractions - Immobilization mechanisms - Large specific surface areas - Physio-chemical properties - Soil physico-chemical properties - Water retention capacity
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20203509114935
Title:Evaluation of Huangshan Maofeng tea grades based on feature variable selection using Elastic Net
Title of translation:基于Elastic Net特征变量选择的黄山毛峰茶等级评价
Authors:Pan, Tianhong (1, 2); Li, Yuqiang (2); Chen, Qi (3); Chen, Shan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei; 230061, China; (2) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) Huangshan Customs Research Center for Tea Quality and Safety, Huangshan; 245000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:264-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Huangshan Maofeng tea has become one of the most famous Chinese tea due to its amazing orchid fragrance and fresh, sweet taste. However, different quality grades of Huangshan Maofeng tea vary greatly in price. The quality evaluation of tea has posed a great challenge in the tea market. The quality grades of variant tea are also related to the different microelements and concentrations. Traditional sensory evaluation methods cannot achieve fast and accurate discrimination, particularly depending on the manual experience. Alternatively, the chemical analysis can serve as an essential method for the quality evaluation of tea. But the chemical analysis for all microelements was confined to its complexity and time-consuming in a large-scale production under gradually refined detection standards with the fast expansion of tea market. Previous studies reveal that the samples collected from the same production or origin places have the similar microelement compositions and concentrations, indicating that the variation of tea grades depends only on a few types of microelements. Therefore, it is reasonable to select the typical microelements for the distinguishing performance, thereby to optimize the traditional chemical analysis. In this work, a new method was proposed based on the feature extraction using the Elastic Net, in order to simplify the procedure of conventional chemical analysis, while to improve the grade evaluation. First, 96 samples of Huangshan Maofeng tea were collected from three original places (Fuxi, Yangcun, and Xintian village) with 6 quality grades (advance 1-3 grades, and 1-3 grades) using the traditional manual process. The chemical analysis was used to analyze the types and contents of 19 microelements. Second, a cross-validation method was used to determine the optimal parameters in the Elastic Net, and 9 feature microelements (Gallic Acid, Epicatechin Gallate, Catechin, Epicatechin, Gallocatechin Gallate, Epigallocatechin, Glutamate, Arginine and catechins bitterness index) were selected when the cost function was minimized. Third, the radar chart was used to visualize the selected 9 microelements, indicating the tea grade evaluation. To quantify the classification, a quality grade evaluation model of Huangshan Maofeng tea was established on the selected feature microelements using partial least squares regression. Monte-Carlo method with 100 times was chosen to evaluate the stability and robustness of the presented model. The proposed method can reduce the number of microelements from 19 to 9, and thereby to improve the identification accuracy of quality grade evaluation from 69.55% to 79.31%, compared with the traditional chemical analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also taken for comparison. The recognition accuracies of PCA and the proposed method for validation set were 70.79% and 78.72% respectively in the Monte-Carlo experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the selection of feature microelements was feasible to simply the traditional chemical analysis, and improve the prediction performance. The analysis model based on the typical microelements can simplify the current chemical process, and thereby provide a flexible selection to the quality identification of tea.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Chemical detection - Commerce - Cost functions - Feature extraction - Flavonoids - Least squares approximations - Monte Carlo methods - Phenols - Tea - Trace elements - Vitamins
Uncontrolled terms:Cross-validation methods - Identification accuracy - Large scale productions - Microelement composition - Monte Carlo experiments - Partial least squares regression - Quality identifications - Stability and robustness
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.95e+01% to 7.93e+01%, Percentage 7.08e+01%, Percentage 7.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20203509114944
Title:Design and experiment of high-flux small-size seed flow detection device
Title of translation:高通量小粒径种子流检测装置设计与试验
Authors:Ding, Youchun (1, 2); Wang, Kaiyang (1, 2); Du, Chaoqun (1, 2); Liu, Xiaodong (1, 2); Chen, Liyuan (1, 2); Liu, Weipeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:20-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapeseed is the most widely distributed and grown oil crop in China. At the same time, with the improvement of related biotechnology, the variety of rapeseed functions has become increasingly prominent. According to the agronomic requirements for rapeseed, with the delay of the sowing date, it is necessary to increase the sowing amount to make up for the decrease of the emergence rate. In addition, as the operation speed of the planter increasing, the rapeseed seeder seeding frequency is needed to increase to meet the seeding density. For small size seeds such as rapeseed, when the sowing frequency is higher than 30 Hz, it can be considered that a high-flux seeds flow. It is great significance to research a kind of high-flux and small size seeds flow detection device to realize the detection of seeds quantities and missing seeds during high-frequency sowing of rapeseed. Because the rapeseed has a small size (0.8-2.2 mm), the seed signal generated by the conventional large and medium size detection device is weak and difficult to be captured. On the other hand, the existence of blind spots in detection has reduced the detection accuracy. In the text, when the sowing frequency reaches 62 Hz, the detection accuracy of the seeds flow detection device based on thin piezoelectric film and the seeds flow detection device based on thin-surface laser silicon photocell developed by the research team in the early stage was less than 85%. The reason is that when a high-flux seeds flow is formed at a high sowing frequency, the high-flux seeds flow will collide and increase the probability of aliasing inside the detection device, resulting in an increased probability of multiple seeds passing through the sensing zone at the same time, and detection accuracy is reduced. Aiming at the problem of insufficient precision of high-flux seeds flow detection due to agronomic requirements during the sowing of rapeseed and the high seeding frequency caused by high speed sowing, a method for parallel detection of high-flux seeds flow into multiple low-flux seeds flow was proposed, then the high-flux small size seeds flow detection device based on a combination of a shunt mechanism and a thin surface laser silicon photocell was designed. Considering the uniformity and fast passage of the high-flux seeds flow, the shunt structure was designed. Discrete element simulation software EDEM and bench test were used to verify the seeding uniformity when the shunt tube tilt angles. When the inclination angle of the shunt structure was less than 5°, simulation and bench test results of the consistency of the displacement each shunt tube at different inclination angles did not exceed 5.19% and 8.58% respectively. Combining the thin face laser and the seeding area, determine the relationship between the thin face laser emitting module angle, the inner radius of upper seeds through tube, and the distance of the thin face laser to the silicon photocell, comprehensive device cost and volume optimization to get the best combination of three parameters. Bench test of high-flux small size seeds flow detection device showed that within the seeding frequency range of 61.68 Hz, the accuracy of rapeseed detection was not less than 96.1%. The field test results showed that the detection accuracy rate was not less than 95.7% when the field seeding frequency was not more than 62.23 Hz, and no blocking phenomenon occured during the test. Normal light in the field and machine vibration had no effects on the detection accuracy of the device.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Photoelectric cells - Photoresistors - Software testing - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Blocking phenomenon - Detection accuracy - Discrete element simulation - High frequency HF - Inclination angles - Parallel detection - Piezoelectric film - Three parameters
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.00e+01Hz, Frequency 6.17e+01Hz, Frequency 6.20e+01Hz, Frequency 6.22e+01Hz, Percentage 5.19e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+00%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Size 8.00e-04m to 2.20e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20203509114934
Title:Effects of nozzle elevation and length on hydraulic performance of negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler
Title of translation:喷管仰角和长度对负压反馈射流喷头水力性能的影响
Authors:Wang, Xinkun (1); Yao, Jicheng (1); Xu, Shengrong (1); Zhang, Zhonghua (2); Zhu, Dengping (2); Li, Hua (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Fluid Machinery Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Shanghai Water-saving Irrigation Engineering Technology Research Center, Huawei Water-saving Technology Group Co., Ltd, Shanghai; 201505, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:75-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler is a new type of irrigation nozzle independently developed by China. The nozzle is an important part of the sprinkler. Due to the unique water flow of the jet sprinkler, the ejection mechanism is intermittently deflected from left to right, the water will collide with the inner wall of the nozzle, and the collision will cause a large amount of energy loss. Appropriate nozzle parameters are conducive to reducing the head loss and increasing the nozzle range and the uniformity of the combined irrigation. In order to specifically study the influence of nozzle parameters (including elevation angle and length combination) on the hydraulic performance of negative pressure feedback jet sprinklers and find the optimal nozzle parameter combination, the sprinkler comparison tests for negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler and PY<inf>2</inf>10 rocker sprinkler under different nozzle parameters were performed. The main parameters of the PY<inf>2</inf>10 impact sprinkler were the elevation angle of the main and auxiliary nozzles 30°, the length 45 mm×25 mm, and the diameter of the main and auxiliary spray head 4 mm×3 mm. The controlled variable method was used in the test. Namely, keeping the other dimensions of the sprinkler unchanged when studying the influence of different main and auxiliary nozzle elevation angles on the hydraulic performance of the sprinkler. The parameters mainly for the jet mechanism were offset 2 mm, side wall inclination angle 10°, split pitch 28 mm, main and auxiliary nozzle length combination 4.2 cm×4.2 cm, main and auxiliary nozzle spray head 4 mm×4 mm. Similarly, when studying the effect of different nozzle combinations on the hydraulic performance of the jet sprinkler, the elevation angle of the main and auxiliary nozzles was controlled to 30°, and the size of the spray mechanism was the same as the diameter of the main and auxiliary nozzles. At the same time, considering that the main and auxiliary nozzles adopt different elevation angles, the pressure on the nozzles will be asymmetric, which will affect the rotation uniformity of the nozzles. During the tests, the elevation angles of the main and auxiliary nozzles will be synchronized. In order to reduce the test error, the tightness of the rotation mechanism was adjusted by adding or removing plastic gaskets during the test, and then the rotation period of the nozzle was controlled. According to the GB/T 50085-2007, the rotation period was controlled from 3 min to 3.5 min. The specific test scheme design refers to the national standard GB/T 22999-2008. The experimental results showed that with the same nozzle size, the range of the negative pressure feedback jet nozzle was 1-2.5 m farther than the PY<inf>2</inf>10 impact sprinkler under different working pressure and different nozzle parameters. The range of the negative pressure feedback jet nozzle was far because of its unique pulse characteristics, which resulted in the strong pulse turbulence of the outgoing water stream. In the negative pressure feedback jet nozzle, the water distribution of the nozzle showed a good "triangular" distribution in the short range. The water volume distribution showed a "water volume peak" far away from the sprinkler, and as the pressure increases, the "water volume peak" gradually disappeared. The formation of the "convex peak" of water volume is mainly due to the large turbulent kinetic energy of the intermittently ejected water jet from the jet nozzle, which resulted in a larger water droplet at the end, so the end has more water. Finally, based on the measured experimental data, a comprehensive scoring method and an entropy weight method were used. Taking into account the wind resistance of the sprinkler field work and the nozzle cost, the parameters of the main and auxiliary nozzles under the optimal comprehensive score were determined as follows. The length of the main and auxiliary nozzles was 4.2 cm×4.2 cm, when the working pressure was 0.20-0.30 MPa, the elevation angle of the main and auxiliary nozzles was 40°×40° while the working pressure was 0.35 MPa, the elevation angle of the main and auxiliary nozzles was 30°×30°.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Energy dissipation - Feedback - Flow of water - Hose - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Nozzle design - Rotation - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Testing - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled variables - Entropy weight method - Hydraulic performance - Inclination angles - Negative pressures - Pulse characteristics - Turbulent kinetic energy - Water distributions
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 2.00e+05Pa to 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 3.50e+05Pa, Size 1.00e+00m to 2.50e+00m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.80e-02m, Time 1.80e+02s to 2.10e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20203509114966
Title:Fine-grained recognition of diseases and pests based on multi-stream Gaussian probability fusion network
Title of translation:基于多流高斯概率融合网络的病虫害细粒度识别
Authors:Kong, Jianlei (1, 2, 3); Jin, Xuebo (1, 2, 3); Tao, Zhi (1); Wang, Xiaoyi (1, 2, 3); Lin, Sen (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Artificial Intelligence Academy, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) National Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection Food Chain Pollution Prevention, Beijing; 100048, China; (3) China Light Key Laboratory of Industry Internet and Big Data, Beijing; 100048, China; (4) Beijing Research Center for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xuebo(jinxuebo@btbu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:148-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate identification of diseases and insect pests has been the key link to the yield, quality and safety of crops in modern agriculture. However, the same category of diseases and insect pests showed obvious differences in intra-class representation and slight similarities in inter-class representation of various diseases, due to the influence of environmental conditions, disease cycle and damaged tissues. At present, the traditional deep transfer learning methods have been difficult to cope with large-scale, multi-class fine-grained identification of pests and diseases, particularly unsuitable to the practice in complicated scenes. This paper aims to apply multiple source cameras in agricultural Internet of Things (IoT) and different intelligent precision equipment, including picking robots and smart phones, to capture high resolution 122,000 images of insect pests and diseases, covering a total of 181 fine-grained categories, including 49 types pests and 77 types diseases on different plant parts of different crops. A fine-grained recognition model was then proposed for pests and diseases based on the Multi-Stream Gaussian Probability Fusion Network (MPFN). In detail, a data-augmented method was first employed to enlarge the dataset, and then to pretrain the basic VGG19 and ResNet networks on high-quality images, in order to learn common and domain knowledge, as well fine-tuning with professional skill. Next, the refined multiple deep learning networks, including Fast-MPN and NTS-Net with transfer learning, were applied to design a multi-stream feature extractor, utilizing the mixture-granularity information to exploit high-dimensionality features, thereby to distinguish interclass discrepancy and tolerate intra-class variances. Finally, an integrated optimization was developed combining the NetVLAD feature aggregation layer with the gaussian probability fusion layer, in order to fuse various components model with Gaussian distribution as a unified probability representation for the ultimate fine-grained recognition. The input of this module was the various features of multi-models, whereas, the output was the fused classification probability. The end-to-end implementation of framework included an inner loop about the expectation maximization algorithm within an outer loop with the gradient back-propagation optimization of the whole network, indicating multi-model fusion information complementation and confidence for the overall model. The experimental results demonstrated that the MPFN model presented the excellent performance in the average recognition accuracy rate of 93.18% for a total of 181 classes of pests and diseases, indicating 5.6 percentage points better than that of the coarse-grained and fine-grained deep learning methods. In terms of test time, the average processing time of the MPFN was 61ms, indicating the basic needs of fine-grained image recognition of pests and diseases at the terminals of the IoT and intelligent equipment. In the contradistinctive analysis, training loss curves and various sub-categories identification showed that the feature aggregation fusion and Gaussian probability fusion can greatly enhance the efficiency of model with the training speed, recognition accuracy and generalized robustness for fine-grained identification of crop pests and diseases in practical scenarios. Therefore, this work can provide a technical application reference for the intelligent recognition of pests and diseases in agricultural production. In the follow-up study, more images will be taken under natural conditions to develop a more robust MPFN model deployed on actual IoTs or equipment for the pre-warning, prevention, and control of crop pests and diseases in modern agriculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Backpropagation - Crops - Deep learning - Disease control - Gaussian distribution - Image recognition - Image segmentation - Intelligent robots - Internet of things - Maximum principle - Smartphones - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Environmental conditions - Expectation-maximization algorithms - Integrated optimization - Intelligent recognition - Internet of Things (IOT) - Technical applications - Transfer learning methods
Classification code:718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.32e+01%, Time 6.10e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20203509114996
Title:Design and experiment of film removing device for clamping finger-chain type residual film collector
Title of translation:夹指链式残膜回收机脱膜装置设计与试验
Authors:Tang, Yongfei (1); Zhao, Yongman (1, 2); Wang, Jikui (1, 2); Wang, Zheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Yongman(zhrym@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Film-mulching cultivation technology could significantly improve the growth condition of crops and increase the economic benefits of agricultural production. However, the residual film in soil is very difficult to degrade, and there is no effective recovery method, resulting in the amount of residual film in farmland soil gradually increased. The residual film currently has a serious impact on the ecological environment of farmland soil. To solve this problem, domestic scholars have devised a variety of residual film collectors. The design of film removing device was one of the key points in the development of the residual film collector. However, the existing residual film collectors mainly adopts the structure of pneumatic, telescopic rod tooth and rotary scraper, which could easily cause secondary winding of residual film during the film removing process. Thus, a film removing device of clamping finger-chain type for residual film collection was designed in this study. The device was consisted of scraper assembly, crank-rocker mechanism and film-impurity separation mechanism, which could complete the work of film removing, film-impurity separation, and film transport at one time. In order to increase the contact times between the finger and the scraper when the clamping finger-chain moved upward, a double-layer arrangement structure of scraper was adopted in the scraper assembly, and the structural parameters were designed through the analysis of the operation process. The ADAMS software was used to simulate and analyze the motion trajectory of the endpoint of the scraper, and the length of each rod and the mounting angle of the crank-rocker mechanism were designed. Through the force analysis of residual film, the mounting position of the crank-rocker mechanism was determined. Through the kinematics analysis, the maximum value of the angular speed ratio between the upper film collecting wheel and the crank when the fingers were not scratched was obtained. In order to achieve the film-impurity separation and film transport, a film-impurity separation mechanism with reciprocating swing type was designed, and the structural parameters of related components were designed based on the operation mechanism analysis and performance tests. The field experiments results showed that the residual film recovery rate was 93.12%, the film removing rate was 98.2%, and the impurity rate was 16.08%, when the travel speed of the collector was 4.5 km/h, the width of scraper was 100 mm, the horizontal mounting distance between the rotation center of crank and the center of upper film collecting wheel was 290 mm, the vertical mounting distance between the rotation center of crank and the center of upper film collecting wheel was 200 mm, the angular speed ratio between the upper film collecting wheel and the crank was 0.5, and the mounting distance of the bar in film transport sieve was 50 mm, The results indicated that the film removing device could meet the field operation requirements of the residual film collector. The research can provide the basis and reference for the development of relevant residual film collector.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Entertainment industry
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cultivation - Farms - Mechanisms - Mountings - Soil testing - Soils - Tools - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Crank-rocker mechanism - Ecological environments - Impurity separation - Kinematics analysis - Motion trajectories - Operation mechanism - Structural parameter
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 601.3 Mechanisms - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.90e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Velocity 1.25e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20203509114956
Title:Ecosystem services and benefit compensation mechanism in the Mekong River Basin
Title of translation:湄公河流域生态系统服务与利益补偿机制
Authors:Yu, Jiawen (1, 2); Long, Aihua (1, 2); Deng, Xiaoya (2); Liu, Yundong (2, 3); He, Xinlin (1); Zhang, Ji (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (3) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Long, Aihua(ahlong@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:280-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Mekong river basin is bringing great economic and ecological values in the world, expecting to support the scheme of China's Belt Road Initiative. Taking the sharing of Mekong River Basin as a case study, this study aims to calculate the Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) and compensation benefits for countries in the Mekong River Basin, in order to maintain the linkage between benefit sharing and economic compensation in Mekong River Basin. A biophysical approach based on the Ecological Footprint (EF) was used to measure the ESV and ecological surplus (or deficit) in the Mekong River Basin in 1995 and 2015. The relationship between ESV and actual compensatory payment for ecosystem services was initially investigated to quantitatively analyze the priority of ecological compensations. The results showed that: 1) The ESV decreased 3 billion dollars (from 128.976 to 125.921 billion dollars) during 1995-2015 in the Mekong River Basin. Specifically, Thailand presented the maximum ESV, followed by Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Myanmar. The qualitative assessment revealed that the highest levels of ESV were derived from forest in every country (>61.7%). There was a 4.5% increase in the ecosystem service that provided by water provisioning and wetlands in the past 20 years. 2) Myanmar and Laos were in the state of "ecological surplus", while the other three countries were in the state of "ecological deficit", indicating an increase deficit level. Thailand and Vietnam showed more than 80.1% of the total ecological footprint (EF) of the basin. 3) Myanmar and Laos were also the "ecological export" countries, whereas, the three countries in the lower reaches were the "ecological consumption" countries. Thailand and Vietnam can give a priority on the payment for ecosystem services because of its better economic outcomes and lower Ecological Compensation Priority Sequence (ECPS) values of 0.05 and 0.09, respectively, indicating that lower than the other three countries in the Mekong River Basin (Myanmar: 2.67, Laos: 1.16, Cambodia: 0.55). 4) In the course of economic growth of the countries in Mekong River Basin, the total ecological compensation required 68.063 billion dollars from the "ecological consumption" countries in the lower reaches. Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia can be required 50.773, 16.761 and 0.529 billion dollars, respectively. This finding can provide a theoretical support to establish the policies for resource management and compensatory payment in the Mekong River Basin and other transboundary river basins.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Economic and social effects - Economics - Rivers - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Compensation mechanism - Ecological compensation - Ecological footprint - Economic compensation - Ecosystem service values - Qualitative assessments - Resource management - Trans-boundary rivers
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr, Percentage 4.50e+00%, Percentage 8.01e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20203509114947
Title:Calibration of discrete element parameters of soils based on unconfined compressive strength test
Title of translation:基于无侧限抗压强度试验的土壤离散元参数标定
Authors:Xie, Fangping (1, 2); Wu, Zhengyang (1); Wang, Xiushan (1, 2); Liu, Dawei (1, 2); Wu, Bei (1, 2); Zhang, Zhengzhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Hunan Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:39-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to calibrate the discrete element parameters of viscoplastic soil based on the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion (EEPA) model, two constants to describe the stress-strain behavior of the sample soils were defined in this study. The axial strain of the soil under a load of 300 kPa was used to characterize the plasticity of the soil in the uniaxial closed compression test. First, two EEPA model parameters based on the physical properties of the soil and other scholars' research were determined, i.e. the constant pull-off force and the load branch index. Then, another two factors, surface energy and plastic deformation ratio, that had significant effects on axial strain and unconfined compressive strength based on the Plackett-Burman test results were described. Next, the central composite test based on the response surface method was designed, and the two factors that matched the actual measured axial strain and unconfined compressive strength based on the test results were determined. According to the test results. the four discrete element parameters corresponding to the two measured constants, unconfined compressive strength and axial strain were solved. Finally, the soil discrete element parameters were calibrated based on the EEPA model, and those were that plastic deformation ratio of 0.36, surface energy of 15.6 J/m<sup>2</sup>, static friction coefficient of 0.6, rolling friction coefficient of 0.26, recovery coefficient of 0.37, adhesion branch index of 4.24 and tangential stiffness factor of 0.52. Verification test results showed that the EEPA model parameters calibrated based on the response surface method could simulate the plastic deformation of the sample soil under a load of 300 kPa and the stress-strain behavior within 3%-45% of the axial strain. In addition, the results of Quadratic orthogonal rotation combined test were analyzed and it showed that the tangential stiffness factor was one of the key parameters affecting axial strain and unconfined compressive strength, and the random error of the unconfined compressive strength simulation test was also one of the reasons. Moreover, it was found that the limit of the value range of the tangential stiffness factor was the cause of the huge difference between the simulation and the measured values of the unconfined compressive strength.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Compressive strength
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Compression testing - Interfacial energy - Plastic deformation - Soil testing - Soils - Stiction - Stiffness - Surface properties - Surface testing
Uncontrolled terms:Plastic deformation ratios - Quadratic orthogonal rotation - Recovery coefficients - Response surface method - Static friction coefficient - Stress-strain behaviors - Tangential stiffness - Unconfined compressive strength
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+00% to 4.50e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20203509114954
Title:Effects of furrow irrigation with saline water on variation of soil water-salt, cotton growth and yield
Title of translation:咸水沟灌对土壤水盐变化与棉花生长及产量的影响
Authors:Zheng, Chunlian (1); Feng, Di (2, 3); Li, Kejiang (1); Ma, Junyong (1); Dang, Hongkai (1); Cao, Caiyun (1); Sun, Jingsheng (2); Zhang, Junpeng (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Dryland Farming, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Resistance Research of Hebei Province, Hengshui; 053000, China; (2) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (3) College of Jia Sixie Agriculture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang; 262700, China; (4) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Junpeng(jpengzhang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:92-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shallow saline groundwater is expected to alleviate the shortage of freshwater resources in the Hebei Low Plain, China. However, using saline water for irrigation can increase soil salinity, thereby to pose some negative impacts on soil environment and crop growth. It is necessary to understand how salinity affects a crop, to find an acceptable range of salinity level for plants. In this study, a long-term furrow irrigation experiment with saline water for cotton (since 2006) was conducted to investigate the distribution of soil water-salt and response of cotton growth in the 10th year (in 2015), as well the variation of soil salt and yield of seed cotton over the years (2006 to 2015) at the Hengshui Experimental Station, China, in order to ensure sustainable and efficient use of saline water resources. Five salinity levels of irrigation water were tested: 2 (T1), 4 (T2), 6 (T3), 8 (T4), and 10 g/L (T5), and fresh groundwater (1 g/L) was used as control treatment (CK). The salinity level from T1 to T5 was formed by mixing sea salt into the freshwater. Irrigation water was supplied when the moisture content of soil was lower than 65% of the field capacity at each irrigation quota of 37.5 mm during cotton growing period. The results showed that the salt content in the soil layer of 0-100 cm increased with increasing salinity of irrigation water from 2006 to 2015, indicating a fluctuation with the precipitation and irrigation amount during the interannual period. In the treatment with the salinity of irrigation water, ≤4 g/L, there was no much increase in the soil salt content after cotton harvest in 2015, compared with the initial value in 2006. During the cotton growing period in 2015, the soil moisture in the furrow was higher than that in the ridge, while the soil moisture in the main root layer (0-40 cm) was higher in the treatment with the salinity of irrigation water, ≥6 g/L than that in CK. The soil salt content increased as the increase in the salinity of irrigation water, whereas increased first and then decreased with the advance of cotton growth. There was a trend of moving to the ridge and deep layer in the furrow of cotton field during furrow irrigation. There was no soil salt that accumulated in the main root layer after harvest, compared with that before cotton sowing. Saline water irrigation had a certain inhibitory effect on cotton growth. Lower salinity levels of irrigation water generally had few negative effects on cotton seedling rate, plant height and leaf area index (LAI), but the growth indicators of cotton were inhibited significantly when water salinity reached a certain limit. Compared with CK, the seedling rate and LAI significantly decreased when the salinity of irrigation water reached 6 g/L, where the threshold for the plant height was 8 g/L. There was no significant difference in the five quality indexes (upper half mean length, fiber uniformity, micronaire value, fiber strength and fiber elongation) among treatments, indicating furrow irrigation with saline water has little effect on the fiber quality of cotton. The yield of seed cotton in saline water treatments from 2006 to 2015 did not decrease gradually, but showing a large year-to-year fluctuation as the increased in irrigation over the years. There was an inconsistent state in the annual variation between cotton yield and soil salinity. Compared with CK, the cotton yield in the treatments of 2 g/L and 4 g/L showed no significant difference, but a significant decrease when the salinity of irrigation water beyond 6 g/L. The finding demonstrated that the critical salinity threshold of irrigation water can be set as 4 g/L for furrow-irrigated cotton.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Cotton - Crops - Cultivation - Fibers - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Annual variations - Control treatments - Experimental stations - Fresh water resources - Irrigation amounts - Saline groundwater - Saline water irrigations - Soil salt content
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.75e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20203509114943
Title:Steering kinematic analysis and experiment of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field
Title of translation:履带式联合收获机水田作业转向运动学分析与试验
Authors:Guan, Zhuohuai (1, 2); Mu, Senlin (2); Wu, Chongyou (2); Chen, Keyin (2); Liao, Yitao (1); Ding, Youchun (1); Liao, Qingxi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:29-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The steering performance of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field is quite different from steering on hard ground because of the sticky and high moisture of the soil. The unmodified kinematic model of tracked combine harvester can not be used to design the automatic navigation controller of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field. A kinematics model of tracked combine harvester working in paddy field was established in this study. Based on the kinematics model, the relationship between the slip rate, skid rate, steering radius, steering angular velocity, and track winding speed was deduced. The steering radius correction coefficient and steering angular velocity correction coefficient were proposed to describe the relationship between the actual steering parameters and theoretical parameters. The effects of soil physical characteristics on track slip was analysed. In order to study the tracked combine harvester steering kinematic parameter in paddy field, a testing system was built. The winding speed of the tracks were obtained by monitoring the speed of the driving wheels on both sides of the track. Limiting average filter was used to process speed signal. The variance of speed signal decreased by 60.8% when filter window width was 10 sampled data. Extend Kalman Filter (EKF) was used to merge GPS and IMU date to obtain the trajectory and course of combine harvester. The standard deviation of course decreased by 53.6% compared with the data GPS only. Eleven groups of field experiments were carried out at different forward speeds. The forward speed range was 0.408-1.466 m/s which covering the working speed range of tracked combine harvester. Field experiment showed that the vehicle forward speed was slightly less than the track winding speed, the slip rate of low speed track increase with the increase of steering speed and close to 1, and it was in complete slip state. Skid rate increased with the increase of forward speed in the range of 0.066-0.378. Under the influence of steering slip and skid, the actual steering radius increased with the increase of steering speed. The actual steering angular velocity increased with the increase of steering speed, which had a same variation trend with the theoretical value, but the change rate was less than that of the theoretical value. The increasing of shearing on soil enlarged the skid rate and slip rate of track, leading to the lateral offset of steering pole. The actual steering radius and actual steering angular velocity were related to slip rate, skid rate and forward speed. The range of the steering radius correction coefficient was 1.737-2.947, which was a quadratic function of the forward velocity. The variation range of the correction coefficient of steering angular velocity was 0.315-0.677, which was a power function of the forward velocity. The steering kinematics model could be modified by the steering radius and steering angular velocity correction coefficient, which can provide theoretical basis and reference for tracked combine harvester navigation controller.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Automobile steering equipment
Controlled terms:Angular velocity - Global positioning system - Harvesters - Kalman filters - Kinematics - Soils - Winding
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic navigation - Correction coefficients - Extend kalman filters - Kinematics modeling - Navigation controllers - Physical characteristics - Steering parameters - Steering performance
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 6.08e+01%, Velocity 4.08e-01m/s to 1.47e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20203509114932
Title:Structural optimization and experiment of pneumatic centralized fertilizer system
Title of translation:气力集排式排肥系统结构优化与试验
Authors:Yang, Qinglu (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Wang, Yingbo (1, 2); Yu, Changchang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Design and Optimization in Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, the pneumatic centralized fertilizing and seeding methods were developing rapidly. The pneumatic centralized fertilizing system was mainly used for layered fertilizing operation. The fertilizing pipes of the fertilizer discharging system were connected with the fertilizer outlet of the layered fertilizing shovel. Under the actions of air flow, the fertilizer was transported to the outlet of the fertilizing shovel quickly and remotely, so as to realize the layered application of the fertilizer in the soil. In this paper, in view of the problems such as the fertilizer falling into the inlet was not smooth and the airflow velocity at the outlet was too high, which leading to fertilizer bounce and dust when the fertilizer discharging system and layered deep fertilizing shovel were combined, the relationship between the structure of each part of the fertilizer discharging system and the working parameters was studied through the test-bench of the pneumatic centralized fertilizer discharging system, and the structure of the fertilizing system was optimized. An air-fertilizer separation device was designed, which was installed between the distributor outlet and the fertilizer discharging pipe of the layered deep fertilization shovel, part of the airflow from the fertilizing system was discharged by the air-fertilizer separation device in advance to reduce the airflow velocity at the fertilizer outlet of fertilizing system. The structure and basic working parameters of each component of fertilizing system were determined through theoretical analysis and parameter calculation. In specific, the airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet should be greater than 25 m/s, the diameter of the air-fertilizer conveying pipe, fertilizer inlet and fertilizer outlet was 76, 55 and 20 mm, respectively. The main factors affecting the airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet and inlet of fertilizing system were also determined through analysis. Taking the exhaust outlet area of the air-fertilizer separation device (A), the airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet (B) and the fertilizing rate (C) as the test factors, the quadratic regression rotary orthogonal platform experiment was conducted. According to the test results, the mathematical regression model between the test indexes and the influencing factors was established. The results showed that the exhaust outlet area of air-fertilizer separation device, airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet and fertilizing rate had a significant effect on airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet of fertilizing system, and exhaust outlet area of air-fertilizer separation device had a significant effect on the airflow velocity at inlet of fertilizing system. The optimized parameters were conducted by fitting and optimizing the test results. It was obtained that airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet, fertilizer inlet of fertilizing system was 5.91 and 3.94 m/s, respectively, the exhaust outlet area of the air-fertilizer separation device, airflow velocity of the fertilizing system inlet and fertilizing rate were 798.0 mm<sup>2</sup>, 28.10 m/s and 0.28 kg/s, respectively. The verification test results showed that the airflow velocity at fertilizer outlet and fertilizer inlet of the system was 6.02 and 4.11 m/s, the fertilizer at the inlet of the fertilizer discharging system falled smoothly and stably.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Fertilizers - Pneumatics - Regression analysis - Shovels - Structural optimization - Testing - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Optimized parameter - Parameter calculation - Quadratic regression - Regression model - Separation devices - Verification tests - Working parameters
Classification code:632.3 Pneumatics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 7.98e-04m2, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.80e-01kg/s, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 5.50e-02m, Velocity 2.50e+01m/s, Velocity 2.81e+01m/s, Velocity 3.94e+00m/s, Velocity 4.11e+00m/s, Velocity 5.91e+00m/s, Velocity 6.02e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20203509114866
Title:Spatial-temporal variation characteristics of greenhouse-vegetable land in Lhasa of Tibet from 2008 to 2018
Title of translation:2008-2018年拉萨市温室蔬菜地时空变化特征
Authors:Gong, Dianqing (1, 2); Wang, Zhaofeng (1, 2); Zhang, Yili (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhaofeng(wangzf@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:233-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Greenhouse-vegetable production serves as a sort of farming, in which vegetable crops grow in built structures, such as wood, plastic, metal and net. Recently, the greenhouse-vegetable farming has become an ideal way to meet the increasing demand of residents for vegetable consumption, particularly on Lhasa in the cold regions. However, a clear understanding for the changing process is still lacking in the greenhouse pattern. This study aims to clarify the change characteristics in the spatial and temporal pattern of the greenhouse-vegetable land in Lhasa from 2008 to 2018, particularly on land use, soil texture and vegetable yield. 11 high-resolution remote sensing images of greenhouse were captured from Lhasa in the northwestern China, from 2008 to 2018. Combined with field research, the barycenter shift and geostatistical techniques were used to determine the total area of greenhouse-vegetable land in various districts or counties. The movement of barycenter position was related to the direction of tracking position, including the altitude gradient and slope. Super-resolution images were obtained for the layout of greenhouses facility in alpine regions, as well the early built greenhouses-vegetable land. The results show that, 1) there was an upward trend in the area of greenhouse-vegetable land in Lhasa from 2008 to 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 6.93%. Three stages were observed for the change features of greenhouse-vegetable land in the study period, including developing, adjustment, and stability. The annual average areas of greenhouse-vegetable land in each stage were 1 050 hm<sup>2</sup>, 1 413 hm<sup>2</sup> and 1 668 hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively, while the average annual change rates were 11.08%, -2.13%, 0.77%, respectively. 2) In the past ten years, the proportion of greenhouse-vegetable land in Chengguan and Doilungdêqên of Lhasa decreased by 56.2%, while the proportion in Dagze and Quxu increased by 51.58%. 3) The newly developed greenhouse-vegetable lands were transferring to high-altitude and high-slope regions, far away from urban or industrial areas. In the altitude range of 3 675-3 800 m, the areas of greenhouse-vegetable lands increased from 22.05% to 30.41%, while that in the 6°-10° slop regions increased by 5.92%. 4) The spatial change of greenhouse-vegetable lands in Lhasa revealed that the newly added greenhouse-vegetable land much more than farmland, indicating the expansion of construction land. A basic driving force for the growth of greenhouse vegetable lands can be attributed to the large demand for vegetables and the high yield of the greenhouse. Regional land use can also be another important driving force for the distribution of greenhouse-vegetable land. In greenhouse-vegetable land operation, there was no obvious effect on soil texture, indicating the particle size of soil texture changed a little at different elevation gradients. The overall output of vegetables in Lhasa was increasing, with an average annual growth rate of 9.57%. The increase in the greenhouse area has effectively promoted the production capacity of vegetables, thereby to meet the demand of residents for vegetable consumption in Lhasa in the cold regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Vegetables
Controlled terms:Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Land use - Particle size - Plastics industry - Remote sensing - Soils - Stages - Structures (built objects) - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Average annual growth rates - Elevation gradient - Geostatistical techniques - Greenhouse vegetables - High resolution remote sensing images - Northwestern China - Production capacity - Spatial and temporal patterns
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 451 Air Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -2.13e+00%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 2.21e+01% to 3.04e+01%, Percentage 5.16e+01%, Percentage 5.62e+01%, Percentage 5.92e+00%, Percentage 6.93e+00%, Percentage 7.70e-01%, Percentage 9.57e+00%, Size 3.68e+03m to 3.80e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20203509114894
Title:Design and application of soil moisture content monitoring system based on cloud-native technology
Title of translation:基于云原生技术的土壤墒情监测系统设计与应用
Authors:Yu, Jingxin (1, 4); Du, Sen (2); Wu, Yong (2); Zhong, Yonghong (2); Zhangzhong, Lili (1); Zheng, Wengang (1); Li, Wenlong (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Quality Testing of Software and Hardware Products on Agricultural Information, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Du, Sen(dusen@agri.gov.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:165-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To meet the demand of soil moisture content monitoring on a national scale, at the level of data acquisition, a soil moisture content data acquisition and perception technology system based on in-situ monitoring of automatic soil moisture content monitoring station and multi-source heterogeneous thematic data was constructed in this study, which realized the online monitoring of soil moisture content and multi-source data fusion. Further in terms of data quality control in the soil moisture data quality control strategy was proposed for data cleaning and established the soil moisture content data correction and interpolation model, in the cloud background received by the TCP/IP protocol of the Internet of things device came back after the packet data parsing and quality judgment. For abnormal or missing data, through the calibration data interpolation model to predict, avoided the interruption problem caused by the missing data, ensured data accuracy, integrity, and availability. Moreover, the soil moisture content data correction and interpolation model adopted the deep learning algorithm and the Stacking strategy to merge the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) networks. The soil moisture content monitoring system facing the national scale had the characteristics of a large number of automatic station devices, massive user visits, and vast amounts of data computation, and had the characteristics of high frequency, high concurrency, and continuous growth. The ordinary web architecture could not ensure the stable and reliable operation of the system. Therefore, the system adopted the cloud-native technology system suitable for the cloud computing characteristics, used the micro-service architecture and the container technology to construct a flexible development model, and improved the efficiency of computing resource utilization. The system architecture design was based on the cloud-native technology, the module of the system was flexibly developed and deployed in the form of micro-services, the independent instance of packaging and running container technology was used to solve the problem of environmental configuration and resource utilization efficiency, and the container was dynamically scheduled to optimize the utilization of cloud computing resources. The core modules such as soil moisture content data reporting collection, soil moisture content data visualization analysis, and soil moisture content data mining application were arranged in the system. Based on GIS (Geographic Information System) spatial analysis and WebGL technology, the front-end 3D WebGIS data analysis function module was developed, and the collaborative Kriging interpolation method was used to realize the online analysis and visual mapping of collaborative soil moisture content, land use types, altitude, and other multi-source data. The system mined the data value deeply and utilized the deep learning algorithm to realize the soil moisture content prediction service which used the data of the past 8 days to predict the data of the next day. Based on the principle of water balance, the application service of irrigation decision was realized. By selecting the crop coefficient recommended by FAO and the growth stage of the corresponding planting crops, the water demand of crops was calculated, and the water balance analysis was realized and the reference irrigation water quantity was recommended. Since its application, the system had been deeply applied in more than 21 provinces, 970 automatic monitoring stations had been established, and more than 60 million automatic moisture monitoring stations had been collected. The system provided reliable data sources and technical support for decision-making departments, agricultural technicians, researchers, and other users to master the current situation of soil moisture content, guide agricultural water-saving irrigation, and obtain accurate and continuous soil moisture content scientific research data.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cloud computing - Computer architecture - Containers - Convolutional neural networks - Crops - Data acquisition - Data fusion - Data mining - Data visualization - Decision making - Efficiency - Environmental technology - Forecasting - Interpolation - Irrigation - Land use - Learning algorithms - Learning systems - Mapping - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Network architecture - Quality control - Recurrent neural networks - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Technology transfer - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic monitoring stations - Design and application - GIS (geographic information system) - Kriging interpolation methods - Recurrent neural network (RNN) - Scientific research datum - System architecture design - Visualization analysis
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20203509114957
Title:Screening of cellulose degrading bacteria in distiller's grains and degradation technology of distiller's grains
Title of translation:白酒糟纤维素降解菌的优选及酒糟降解工艺
Authors:Yang, Gang (1); Yang, Diqin (1); Cao, Wentao (1, 2); Wang, Xiaodan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biological Pharmacy of Guizhou Province, Guiyang; 550025, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Wentao(452794932@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:212-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Distiller's grains serve as the important by-products in ethanol production, particularly on white spirits in China. Normally, the key grain can be processed in a solid-state fermentation, thereby to distill a mixture of grains and bran husks. After the processing, the distiller's grains can be remained readily available rich in organic matter, such as cellulose and protein. China can produce about 30 million tons of distiller's grains every year, as the consumption of white spirits increases. The discarded distiller's grains have become the waste of raw materials, further to pollute the environment, due to the lack of effective treatment methods. It is necessary to explore much more efficient disposal of distiller's grains. This study aims to explore the decomposition of distiller's grains, in order to obtain microorganisms with strong capacity of cellulose degradation in distillates. 39 strains of bacteria were isolated from in Chinese maotai-flavor fermented grains, Chinese mild-flavor fermented grains, Chinese strong-flavor Daqu starter and the soil of bamboo forest, using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as the only carbon source. Six strains were quantitatively screened using Congo red staining and filter paper strip disintegration experiments for qualitative preliminary screening, combined with the endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase enzyme activities produced by the strains. Based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological characterization, six cellulase-producing bacteria were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Paenibacillus taichungensis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus subtilis, Sphingobacterium thalpophilum, Streptomyces phaeochromogenes. The optimum lees cellulose-degrading strain was further determined the B2 strain (Bacillus subtilis) in the tests of pH, temperature, and alcohol stress. Specifically, Bacillus subtilis B2 strain has demonstrated a good tolerance, while grew well in an environment of pH value 3.0, at the temperature of 44℃, and the alcohol content of 4% by volume. According to the single-factor test, a Box-Benhnken response surface method was used to optimize the processing parameters in the treatments. The optimal process conditions were determined to be 71 g/L distiller's grains, the temperature of 37℃, pH value 6.4, and the inoculation size of 8%, for the degradation of distiller's grains. In addition, the degradation rate of distiller's grains can reach 15.23% in this case. The findings demonstrated that the selected Bacillus subtilis can effectively decompose distiller's grains, and thereby be expected to provide a promising application potential in the disposal of distiller's grains.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Biodegradation
Controlled terms:Azo dyes - Bacteria - Bacteriology - Cellulose - Degradation - Disintegration - Fermentation - pH - Starters - Strain - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - Bacillus licheniformis - Cellulose degrading bacteria - Molecular biological characterization - Processing parameters - Response surface method - Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose - Solid-state fermentation
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 7.10e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.52e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20203509114928
Title:Effects of turbulence intensity on dynamic characteristics and load of wind turbine
Title of translation:湍流强度对风电机组动力学特性及载荷的影响
Authors:Wu, Faming (1, 2); Yang, Congxin (1); Wang, Dian (2); Yang, Liu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Co., Ltd., Wind Power Business Unit, Zhuzhou; 412000, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Congxin(ycxwind@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:48-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the influence of turbulence intensity on the dynamic characteristics and aerodynamic load, simulation tests and experiments are carried out for a horizontal axis wind turbine with three blades whose rated power is 3.3MW. Furthermore, the power spectrum analysis of incoming wind speed and dominant load is carried out. Simulation tests are taken under the condition of four turbulence intensities of 0.10, 0.12, 0.14 and 0.16, whose results show that with the increase of turbulence intensity, the vibration acceleration, load and equivalent fatigue load of wind turbine nacelle change regularly. In order to verify the rationality of the simulation results, the data acquisition and analysis of a type-test wind turbine for more than one year were carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) From the simulation results, with the increase of turbulence intensity, the vibration acceleration of wind turbine nacelle increases. When the turbulence intensity increases by 0.02, the acceleration increases by 10%. Besides, there is also a strong correlation between the side-to-side vibration and turbulence intensity where there is a peak point near the rated wind speed. The reason is that there is a switching process from torque control to pitch control, and there is a certain impact. 2) From the simulation results, with the increase of turbulence intensity, the key load and fatigue load of important components of wind turbine increase. When the turbulence intensity increases by 0.02, the equivalent fatigue loads of blade root MY, hub MY, tower top and tower bottom MY increase by nearly 10%. From the result of power spectrum analysis, the turbulence intensity has obvious influence on wind turbine, especially on MY load of blade, hub and tower top. 3) From the test results, the turbulence intensity is strongly related to the vibration and fatigue equivalent load of the wind turbine nacelle, and vibration and load of the unit also change regularly under the four different turbulence intensities of 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. From the above analysis, it can be seen that for areas with high turbulence intensity, the design load of wind turbine should be modified with appropriate coefficient in order to ensure the safety of fatigue life of wind turbine. Therefore, the bearing capacity of wind turbine components in high turbulence area should be strengthened. This provides a basis for the micro sitting of wind turbines in wind farms, and has a certain guiding significance for the design of wind turbines.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Fatigue of materials
Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Data acquisition - Power spectrum - Spectrum analysis - Turbomachine blades - Turbulence - Wind - Wind power - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic characteristics - Guiding significances - Horizontal axis wind turbines - Simulation tests - Strong correlation - Switching process - Turbulence intensity - Vibration acceleration
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Power 3.30e+06W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20203509114878
Title:Experimental study on mechanical performance of laminated bamboo lumber nailed connections
Title of translation:竹集成材钉节点力学性能的试验研究
Authors:Chen, Guo (1); Zhou, Tong (1); Yu, Yunfei (1); Tan, Chuang (1); Yang, Wenqi (1); Xu, Zhendong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:291-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, the building industry of China has expanded rapidly, however, construction materials such as the steel and cement are extensive used, which leads to serious environmental issues and energy consumption. As one of the fast-growing plants in the world, bamboo has been applied in civil engineering field for thousands of years. However, some disadvantages are exposed during the practice, such as thin-walled hollow and the diameter of bamboo culm decreases from the bottom to top. More importantly, the service life of bamboo structures generally does not exceed 3 years when the untreated bamboo exposure to natural environment. Recently, more and more attention are paid on the laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), which is considered as an alternative to wood because of its advantage of higher ration of strength to weight. Dowel connections including bolt, nail, screw and dowel are common types of connections in timber engineering for a large range of structural applications. Among them, nail connection is simple to produce and can be used for small as well as for large forces. Over the last decade, the use of LBL for modern bamboo structure has become increasing popular in China. LBL nailed connection which consisted of one middle member and two side members were introduced. A total of 85 specimens were tested in order to investigate the effect of parameters on capacity, deformation and failure modes of nailed connections, including end distance (e<inf>1</inf>), center-to-center distance (s), row spacing (r) and edge distance (e<inf>2</inf>). It was found that the mechanical performance of nailed connections was mainly determined by the end distance and center-to-center distance of nails, and the influence of row spacing and edge distance was relative small. The initial gap between the lead hole and nails tended to result in lower stiffness. Four failure modes were recorded, including compression failure at the nail hole, splitting, shear failure at the end and block shear. For e<inf>1</inf> or s less than 6 times the diameter of nails (D), the nailed connections failed in shear failure at the end and splitting, respectively. For r less than 3D or e<inf>2</inf> less than 4D, the connections failed in splitting and block shear, respectively. When nail spacing meet the minimum structural requirement, the nailed connections failed in compression failure of nail holes in the middle or side members, showing good ductile behavior. The ultimate load and yield load of specimens increased with the increase of nail spacing and kept constant as the nails spacing satisfied the minimum structural requirement. Many models had been proposed to quantify the load-displacement relationship of wood nailed connections, such as Folz's, Foschi's and Hassanieh's model. Using the regression analysis for comparing the three theoretical models, it was found that the Folz's model was more objectively reflected the load- displacement relationship of LBL nailed connections loaded parallel to grain. A good agreement could be observed between the Foschi's or Hassanieh's model and experimental results in the elastic stage, but great deviation of the theoretical results in the post-yielding stage increased gradually. The results provided useful information for modeling various bamboo structures containing LBL nailed connections.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Failure (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Bamboo - Building materials - Cement industry - Construction industry - Energy utilization - Laminating - Lumber - Nails - Regression analysis - Safety engineering - Thin walled structures
Uncontrolled terms:Compression failure - Deformation and failures - Effect of parameters - Environmental issues - Mechanical performance - Natural environments - Structural applications - Structural requirements
Classification code:405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 412.1 Cement - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 914 Safety Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+00yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20203509114969
Title:Design of terminal nodes for small and medium scale intelligent agriculture Internet of Things
Title of translation:中小型规模智慧农业物联网终端节点设计
Authors:Wan, Xuefen (1, 2); Zheng, Tao (3); Cui, Jian (4); Jiang, Xueqin (5); Sohail, Sardar Muhammad (5); Yang, Yi (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Hebei IoT Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center, Langfang; 065201, China; (2) College of Computer, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang; 065201, China; (3) School of Economics and Management, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (4) School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing; 100083, China; (5) College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai; 201620, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Yi(yiyang@dhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:306-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been increasingly used in agriculture. However, most existing agricultural IoT technologies are focused on providing management and service applications to large scale agriculture. In order to provide customized agricultural IoT technology to small and medium scale agricultural producers and operators, an intelligent agricultural IoT terminal node can be used for flexible information upgrade of agricultural equipments and other related devices was designed in this study. The system consisted of terminal nodes and management/service layer App. Through a terminal node, agricultural equipments and other related devices could be flexibly connected to agriculture IoT information frameworks. The management/service layer App linked to terminal node hardware and support the rapid and low-cost development. In the hardware device layer of the system, the IP core reuse technology of system on programmable chip (PSoC) was used to realize the flexible adaptation and access to various agricultural equipments and other related device. The PSoC of terminal node was designed on Cypress's PSoC 6 (PSoC6-CY8CPROTO-063-BLE). The long-range low-power wide-area network (LoRa LPWAN) technology was adopted in the system to build data transmission channels between terminal nodes, and the LoRa in terminal node was designed on LoRa wireless communication module based on Semtech's SX1278. The nodes use low-power Bluetooth technology to enable mobile smart devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, etc.) to access the terminal nodes and achieve distributed agriculture management, and the Bluetooth on the terminal node was based on the integrated Bluetooth module in the PSoC6. The management/service layer App encapsulated the operation of the underlying terminal node and Android functions. Android Content Provider component combined with SQLite database was used to realize the mapping relationship between different layers. The introduction of the management/service App made the development of application-layer App faster and more suitable for the diversified needs of agricultural IoT requirements. The system was tested in different agricultural application scenarios. The results showed that terminal nodes could effectively provide information upgrade to agricultural equipment and related devices through IP-core reuse technology, and the electromagnetic isolation capacity of the system reached 1 500 VDC, the success rate of data packet transmission of Lora wireless data channel of node was close to 100% in the weather without severe rainfall, and Bluetooth could support the mobile device field access within 3 m around, in the mode of directly connected upper computer, the function delay between application layer App and node equipment was less than 400 and 1 700 ms respectively, the system ran stably and the function support was reliable. This study can provide support and reference for the information construction of Internet of Things for small and medium scale agricultural operators.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Internet of things
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Android (operating system) - Application Layer - Bluetooth - Computer hardware - Data communication equipment - Data communication systems - Intellectual property core - Internet protocols - Low power electronics - System-on-chip - Wide area networks
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Agriculture management - Data packet transmission - Data transmission channels - Information construction - Internet of Things (IOT) - System on programmable chips - Wireless communications
Classification code:714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Size 3.00e+00m, Time 1.70e+00s, Time 4.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20203509114952
Title:Graph-theoretic clustering for zoning of multifunctional land use in Liaoning Province, China
Title of translation:基于两维图论聚类的辽宁省土地利用多功能性分区
Authors:Zhang, Luyang (1); Lei, Guoping (1); Guo, Yiyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Lei, Guoping(guopinglei@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:242-249
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Unbalanced land use and multifunctionality have posed a great challenge in Liaoning Province, northeast China. There is an urgent need to conduct a multifunctional evaluation system for regional land use, particularly on zoning assessment. In this study, 22 typical indicators were selected from the three aspects of land use, including living, production, and ecology function. An entropy weighting method was applied to calculate the weights of indicators, and then to obtain the mean values of land use life, production, and ecological function in the study area in 2017. A two-dimensional graph-theoretic clustering method was used to integrate the spatial connectivity and indicator similarity between the zoning units. In a weighted connectivity vectorless map G = (V, E, D), the clustering data was achieved using a graph-theoretic minimal tree method. According to the main functional area planning, an optimal construction of each zoning district was proposed for spatial planning in county-level land. The research shows that: 1) The Pearson correlation coefficient of living function and production function was 0.343, whereas, that of production function and ecological function was -0.518. There was no significant correlation between living function and ecological function. 2) The high-value areas of living function were mainly distributed in an oblique "X" shape in the middle of Liaoning province, with low functional values on the east and west areas. There was no significant spatial autocorrelation of living function. The production function value presented a ring-shaped distribution in the center of Shenyang city, while decreased gradually from the center to the edge areas. In the production function, there was a positive and weak autocorrelation with high-high aggregation in the middle, while low-low aggregation in the east. High-value areas of ecological function were mostly distributed in the east and west areas, indicating the function value decreased gradually from the outside to the inside. In the ecological function, there was a positive and strong autocorrelation with high-high aggregation in the east, and a low-low aggregation in the middle. 3) According to the multifunctional features of land use, the study area was divided into, a) the east, the demonstration area of ecological function, b) the north, the function less coordination area, c) the south, the relatively balanced area, and d) the west, the function less development area. The east of Liaoning Province can be strengthened in the construction of public service facilities and economic development. Much attention can be paid to the development of inferior functions in the functional undercoordinated area of northern Liaoning, in order to achieve the goal of coordinated development. In the south of Liaoning, the spatial structure of land use can be optimized in the relatively balanced functional area, thereby to improve the land use function and competitiveness. In the west of Liaoning, the regional advantages can be enhanced in the underdeveloped functional areas, to gradually strengthen the function of land use.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Autocorrelation - Ecology - Economics - Regional planning - Trees (mathematics) - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological functions - Entropy weighting method - Graph-theoretic clustering - Optimal construction - Pearson correlation coefficients - Production function - Spatial autocorrelations - Two-dimensional graphs
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20203509114889
Title:Real-time and dynamic analysis of key composting parameters using NIR Sand Local PLS algorithm
Title of translation:基于NIRS和Local PLS算法的堆肥关键参数实时动态分析
Authors:Huang, Yuanping (1); Shen, Guanghui (1); Liao, Keke (1); Wu, Yalan (1); Han, Lujia (1); Yang, Zengling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zengling(yangzengling@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:195-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass resources, including crop straw and livestock manure, can usually serve as advantageous raw materials to produce organic fertilizer. The utilization of these resources can be achieved in aerobic composting technology. Currently, trough composting is the main large-scale composting technology in China, due to its large processing capacity, low investment cost, and short composting cycle. As a new type of composting technology, membrane-covered composting refers to a semi-permeable membrane to cover the surface of the fermentation trough. Much attention has gained due to its high efficiency, adaptability, energy saving, easy operation, and reduction of greenhouse gas. However, the composting is normally associated with the complex physical and chemical changes under the action of microorganisms, particularly when affected by some process parameters, such as temperature, moisture content (MC), organic matter content (OM), and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Specifically, the sample complexity varied in different technologies during composting process. It is necessary to rapidly detect the processing parameters in real time during the whole composting process, in order to fully optimize composting process for the composting quality. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can serve as a promising analytical technology in this case. However, most studies focused on a specific model for a certain composting technology. Since a general model suitable for different composting technologies was built using partial least squares (PLS) method, it is inevitable to bring some problems, such as the number increase of latent variables, model overfitting, and low prediction accuracy. Local PLS algorithm can be expected to save calculation time and improve the accuracy of the models. This study aims to dynamic analyze composting parameters in real-time for various composting technologies using FT-NIR spectroscopy combined with Local PLS method. Dairy manure and corn stalks were used as raw materials for the large-scale trough and membrane-covered aerobic composting. 100 samples were collected for each composting technology. The key physicochemical parameters were analyzed, such as MC, OM, and C/N ratio, during the composting process. A FT-NIR spectrometer was used to obtain the infrared spectra of samples. Local PLS algorithm was used to establish the universal rapid measurement models of processing parameters during the whole composting process in two composting techniques. The results showed that: 1) The changes of key parameters in the whole composting process varied greatly in an individual trough or membrane-covered composting, indicating significant variation in the processing (P<0.05); 2) The established Local PLS model demonstrated, excellent prediction for the MC with the R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> value of 0.95, RPD value of 4.47, and RSD value of 3.37%, as well approximate quantitative prediction for the OM and C/N ratio with the R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> value of 0.74 and 0.77, RPD value above 1.5, and RSD less than 10%. NIR-prediction has also a good agreement with the measured in the change trends during the composting processing. The proposed algorithm can provide a promising potential to the real-time dynamic analysis of key parameters in the large-scale trough and membrane-covered composting process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Energy conservation - Fertilizers - Forecasting - Greenhouse gases - Infrared devices - Investments - Least squares approximations - Manures - Membrane technology - Near infrared spectroscopy - Spectrometers
Uncontrolled terms:Composting technologies - Organic matter content - Partial least square (PLS) - Physicochemical parameters - Processing capacities - Processing parameters - Quantitative prediction - Semi-permeable membranes
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.37e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20203509114967
Title:Analysis of soil moisture variation and its influencing factors in semi-arid steppe watershed
Title of translation:半干旱草原型流域土壤水分变异及其影响因素分析
Authors:Zhang, Lu (1); Zhu, Zhongyuan (1, 2); Zhang, Shengwei (1, 2, 3); Wang, Huimin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot; 010018, China; (3) Data Research Laboratory of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Large Agricultural Applications, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Zhongyuan(1428825390@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:124-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil moisture is an important part of the lithosphere-biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere, and which is the main limiting factor for plant growth in watersheds of the semi-arid steppe as well. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of soil moisture variation and its potential environmental impact factors. This study had a significant effect on maintaining steppe ecosystem health, such as promoted the understanding of the eco-hydrological cycle of grassland and degraded grassland restoration. The Xilin River Basin located in the middle east of Inner Mongolia was chosen as the study area. The experiments had been performed in May 2019. Two meters of soil moisture detection tube was buried at each sampling point after removing the ground cover and floating soil. Besides, the soil moisture measurement depth was set from 0 cm to 180 cm. Soil moisture data were observed by using the Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) at 55 sampling points from July 22 to October 20 in 2019 after the soil layer was stabilized. Three replications were performed at each sample point. Such a soil survey was conducted within 3 days by twice a month in July and August, and once a month in the remaining months. Meanwhile, vegetation investigations were executed once a month, including vegetation height, vegetation coverage, and aboveground biomass. Besides, 3 original soil samples were brought back from the field for calibrating the TDR in the laboratory. It was indicated that the TDR was reliable with guaranteed that the soil moisture data used in the calibration formula was ranged from saturation to dryness completely. Based on the observed soil moisture and affiliated data in the field the characteristics of soil moisture changed in the vertical profiles, as well as its potential environmental impact factors were analyzed and compared among 4 soil types by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The results indicated that the soil moisture in the Xilin River Basin was low overall. The changes in soil moisture at different soil depths over time were similar in kastanozems and arenosols while they had a great difference in solonchaks and phaeozems. Moreover, the soil moisture content of Phaeozems, Arenosols, Kastanozems, and Solonchaks increased sequentially of the basin. The variability of soil moisture in each layer was greatly affected by the soil type, and the variability weakens as the depth of the soil layer increases. At the same time, great differences in the variability of soil moisture among 4 soil types were found after the changes in soil moisture in different sampling periods were compared and analyzed. PCA indicated that 3 principal components containing information such as altitude, vegetation height, and slope, etc., which were sufficient to explain 68.50% of the soil moisture variation where PC1 and PC2 accounted for 40.00% and 15.60% respectively. In detail, the PC1 included altitude, potential evapotranspiration, air temperature, and vegetation coverage, and the PC2 integrated information of vegetation height and aboveground biomass, and the PC3 was slope and aspect. Consequently, the meteorological factors that affected soil moisture evaporation, vegetation factors, and slope and aspect factors were summarized as the main potential environmental impact factors of soil moisture variations in the Xilin River Basin. Altitude and vegetation height was defined as the key above-ground potential environmental factors driving the soil moisture variation by RDA. Meanwhile, the impact factors that affected soil moisture changes at different depths were different. The results of this study were conducive to understanding the soil moisture conditions and its distribution of different soil types in the Xilin River Basin, and also would provide data and theoretical support for the study of eco-hydrological processes in the semi-arid grassland watersheds.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Ecosystems - Environmental impact - Evapotranspiration - Factor analysis - Moisture determination - Rivers - Soil moisture - Time domain analysis - Vegetation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental impact factors - Grassland restorations - Integrated informations - Meteorological factors - Potential evapotranspiration - Redundancy analysis (RDA) - Soil moisture measurement - Time domain reflectometry
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.85e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.80e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20203509115006
Title:Mobile phone evaluation system for grading beef marbling based on deep learning
Title of translation:基于深度学习的牛肉大理石花纹等级手机评价系统
Authors:Zhao, Xinlong (1); Peng, Yankun (1); Li, Yongyu (1); Wang, Yali (1); Zhao, Miao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, National Research and Development Center for Agro-processing Equipment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Peng, Yankun(ypeng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:250-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Marbling is an important index that affects the quality of beef. However, the evaluation of marbling in beef processing enterprises is operated by professional, who test the beef by comparing samples with standard images, which is subjective and susceptible to the environment. To solve these problems, this study proposed an intelligent classification method based on deep learning and designed a neural network with 4-layer convolution including input layer, convolutional layer, pooling layer, fully connected layer and output layer. The automatic extraction of marbling features was achieved, and a beef marbling detection application based on mobile phone was developed. In this study, 1 800 images were divided into calibration set, validation set and test set according to the ratio of 3:1:1. The training process of deep learning model depends on a large number of labeled samples, and the training effect of a small amount of data is poor. Therefore, methods like rotating, mirroring, adjusting brightness, contrast, and increasing noise were used to amplify the sample data in this study. Finally, 5 400 images of calibration set and 1 800 images of validation set are obtained. The calibration set was used to train and adjust the internal parameters of the network, and the validation set was used to test the model. In order to further explore the accuracy of the model, this method was compared with the traditional machine vision method. And the number of large fat particles, medium fat particles, small fat particles, the total area of fat and the evenness degree of fat distribution were calculated. According to the above characteristics, a multiple linear regression model was established to identify the grades. The results showed that the method used in this paper had good classification ability for marbling, and the detection accuracy of validation set was 97.67%, which was higher than the traditional machine vision method. Samples with error grade did not span two levels. Through the observation of the misjudged images,the marbling richness of misjudged images was similar to that of misjudged images, and the marbling score was between the labeled grade and the misjudged grade. Finally, an application program for marbling detecting was written. In this application, you call use the model generated in this study to realize real-time detection for marbling. Then the application was used to recognition the samples of test set. The accuracy was 95.56%, and the recognition time was less than 0.5 seconds per image. In this paper, a beef marbling mobile phone evaluation system was developed based on the advantages of convolution neural network with high classification accuracy and fast speed of smart phones. This method could improve the detection efficiency of beef marbling. Compared with traditional detection equipment, the smart phone as a handheld collection terminal has the advantages of small size and high efficiency. The popularization of smart phones provides a broad development space for this method. Compared with ARM portable devices, this method uses mobile phones as the detection carrier, which saves the need to purchase additional auxiliary equipment and reduces the cost of hardware development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Application programs - Auxiliary equipment - Beef - Calibration - Computer vision - Convolution - Deep learning - E-learning - Efficiency - Grading - Image coding - Linear regression - Multilayer neural networks - Smartphones
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic extraction - Classification ability - Classification accuracy - Convolution neural network - Detection efficiency - Hardware development - Intelligent classification - Multiple linear regression models
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 822.3 Food Products - 901 Engineering Profession - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.56e+01%, Percentage 9.77e+01%, Time 5.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20203509114959
Title:Establishment and validation of wetting pattern model of moistube irrigation in homogeneous soil
Title of translation:均质土微润灌湿润体模型构建及验证
Authors:Fan, Yanwei (1); Yang, Zhiwei (1); Hu, Wulong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:83-91
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Moistube irrigation is a kind of underground line source infiltration irrigation technology developed by using the principle of polymer semi permeable membrane. The growth and yield of crops are affected by the shape and size of soil wetting pattern but the wetting pattern is not easy to observe. Therefore, it is very important to understand the shape and size of wetting pattern for the design of economic and efficient moistube irrigation system. In order to facilitate users to quickly evaluate the moistube irrigation wetting pattern, a total of 56 moistube irrigation scenarios (different combinations of eight soil textures, three soil matrix potentials and ten specific discharges of moistube) were set up. By using HYDRUS-2D software, the dynamic changes of wetting pattern under different combinations of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil matrix potential and specific discharge of moistube were simulated and analyzed. The results showed that before the soil wetting front reached the surface, there was little difference in the shape of the soil wetting pattern, and its contour was almost "elliptical cylinder"; after the wetting front reached the surface, the shape of the wetting pattern at the upper part of the moistube changed from "semi ellipse" to "trapezoid", and the shape of the wetting pattern at the lower part of the moistube kept "semi ellipse". In general, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil matrix potential and specific discharge of moistube had little influence on the shape of the moistube irrigation soil wetting pattern; The size of moistube irrigation soil wetting pattern at the vertical downward was larger than that at the horizontal direction and vertical upward, and with the extension of irrigation time, the wetting pattern expanded outward gradually, but the expansion rate decreased gradually. Under the condition of homogeneous soil, the contour of moistube irrigation wetting pattern was divided into two parts: the upper part and the lower part. When the upper part of the wetting boundary did not reach the surface, it could be expressed by semi elliptic equation. Under the same soil matrix potential and specific discharge of moistube conditions, with the increase of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, at the same time, the vertical upward and horizontal migration distance of the wet front gradually decreased, while the vertical downward migration distance of the wet front first decreased and then increased; Under the same soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and specific discharge of moistube conditions, there was a positive correlation between the migration distance of the wetting front and soil matrix potential in three directions. The higher the soil matrix potential value resulted in the greater the migration distance of the wetting pattern at the same time; Under the same soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil matrix potential conditions, the migration distance of wetting pattern was positively correlated with specific discharge of moistube. The larger the specific discharge of moistube value could result in the faster the migration speed of wetting pattern and the larger the size of wetting pattern at the same time. Generally speaking, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil matrix potential and specific discharge of moistube had significant influence on the migration of wetting pattern in moistube irrigation. On this basis, taking into the influence factors such as the total water seepage per unit length, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil matrix potential and specific discharge of moistube, and based on the dimensional analysis method, the estimation model for the wetting pattern of moistube irrigation of homogeneous soil was established, and the undetermined parameters of the model were obtained quantitatively by using the numerical simulation results. Finally, the reliability of the estimation model was evaluated by the test data. The mean absolute error was not more than 2.10 cm, the root mean square error was not more than 2.46 cm, and the Nash efficiency coefficient was not less than 0.83 of statistical index of the model. It showed that the measured value was consistent with the estimated value of the model, and the model estimation effect was well. It provides a scientific basis for the operation and management of moistube irrigation engineering.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Wetting
Controlled terms:Hydraulic conductivity - Irrigation - Mean square error - Mechanical variables measurement - Numerical methods - Seepage - Soils - Textures - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Dimensional analysis methods - Efficiency coefficient - Irrigation engineerings - Operation and management - Positive correlations - Root mean square errors - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Semi-permeable membranes
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.10e-02m, Size 2.46e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20203509114965
Title:Soil karstification intensity and carbon sink effect of plum plantation in karst rocky desertification areas
Title of translation:岩溶石漠化区李树林土壤岩溶作用强度及碳汇效应
Authors:Zhou, Mengxia (1, 2, 3); Mo, Biqin (1, 2, 3); Yang, Hui (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin; 541004, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Natural Resources & Guangxi, Guilin; 541004, China; (3) International Research Centre on Karst, Under the Auspices of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Guilin; 541004, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Hui(yanghui-kdl@karst.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:116-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study of soil karstification intensity under artificial economic forest in karst rocky desertification area is not only related to the estimation of karst carbon sink, but also to the accurate assessment of land carbon source/sink in karst area. In order to make clear the contribution of artificial economic forest to karst carbon sink in the process of rocky desertification control, the soil of different planting ages of plum forest in the National Sustainable Development Experimental Area of Ministry of science and technology in Gongcheng County, Guilin City was selected as the research object. The soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration of different soil depths was monitored in situ with different planting ages of plum forest, and the limestone corrosion rate under the soil was monitored by standard corrosion test piece method, and the carbon sink intensity caused by karstification was analyzed according to the monitoring results. The results showed that at the same planting age, the soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in 50 cm depth was greater than that in 20 cm depth, and the order from large to small of soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration between different planting ages in the same soil layer was 20, 2 and 5 years. In addition, the variation of soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration was obvious with seasons change, especially the monthly dynamic change of soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration had good correlation with the monthly average air temperature and precipitation in the study area. Therefore, planting ages, soil depth and climate conditions (temperature and precipitation etc.) of the study area had important effects on soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration of plum forest. The research results of limestone corrosion rate under plum forest soil with different planting ages were consistent with the order of soil CO<inf>2</inf> concentration. Generally, limestone corrosion rate under plum forest soil in the same soil depth was the largest in 20 years, followed by 2 years, and the minimum in 5 years. This is mainly due to the nutrients and the surrounding environment have reached a dynamic balance, and there are a lot of root exudates returned by both fertilization and self-return after 20 years' growth. For the plum plantation planted for 2 years, due to the main vegetative growth in the initial stage of planting, the root system is in the vigorous growth and metabolism period. The plum plantation planted for 5 years changed to reproductive growth, mainly the fruit growth of aboveground part. Therefore, in addition to the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration, the limestone corrosion rate under the soil of different planting ages is related to the growth status and soil environment of plum forests. The corrosion amount of plum plantation with different planting ages ranged from 42 to 136.3 t/(km<sup>2</sup>•a), and the carbon sink ranged from 5 to 16.4 t/(km<sup>2</sup>•a). The results showed that planting artificial economic trees in the process of rocky desertification control can not only produce forest carbon sink in the aboveground, but also the karst carbon sink in the underground. The results have important reference value for accurate prediction of underground karst carbon sink potential in karst area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Underground corrosion
Controlled terms:Carbon - Carbon dioxide - Climatology - Corrosion rate - Forestry - Landforms - Lime - Limestone - Process control - Soils - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate prediction - Average air temperature - Forest carbon sinks - Ministry of science and technologies - Monitoring results - Reproductive growth - Rocky desertification controls - Surrounding environment
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 2.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20203509115007
Title:Spatial pattern and regional regulation of rural territorial multi-functions in Shandong Province, China
Title of translation:山东省乡村地域多功能空间格局与分区调控
Authors:Qu, Yanbo (1); Wang, Shilei (1); Zhao, Lijun (1); Qu, Yongshan (2); Wang, Sen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan; 250014, China; (2) Shandong Land Survey and Planning Institute, Jinan; 250014, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:222-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rural territorial multifunction is essential to the sustainable development of a rural system. It is an important way to effectively identify the spatial pattern and obstacle functions in a rural territorial system, in order to optimize the allocation of rural elements and promote the rural revitalization. In theory, the effective identification of multifunction can provide scientific reference for the regional development orientation, spatial division, and mechanism innovation of rural revitalization. In practice, a useful guideline can be available for the functional orientation of rural areas, development plans, implementation of rural management policies and transformation. Taking Shandong Province as a research object, this paper aims to analyze the interaction between elements, structure and function in the rural regional system. According to the aspects of living, production, and ecology, six sub-functions were divided, including living and inhabitancy, life security, agricultural production, non-agricultural production, ecological conservation, and environmental maintenance. Firstly, a multifunction evaluation index system was established to calculate the indicator of rural territorial multifunction, together with the internal operation mechanism of structure and elements in the rural man-earth areal system. Secondly, an OpenGeoda software was selected to evaluate the multifunction global spatial autocorrelation of rural areas, and then an ArcGIS10.3 hotspot analysis tool was used to identify the local spatial autocorrelation. Finally, the control measures were proposed after a spatial partition type was constructed, where an obstacle function was used to clarify the obstacle diagnosis model, according to the multifunctional integration and coordination degree of rural areas. The results show: 1) The mean values of rural living function, production function and ecological function in Shandong Province were 0.429 8, 0.463 5, and 0.574 2, respectively. The comprehensiveness and coordination were between 0.28-0.76 and 0.51-0.99, indicating the spatial characteristics of "weak living function, medium production function and strong ecological function"; 2) The multifunctional Moran's I index in rural territorial system was all higher than 0.4 in Shandong Province. The spatial distribution features were positively correlated, particularly concentrated on the low functional values. Three regions, from the hot spot area to the cold spot area, the transition from Jiaodong Peninsula to central Shandong, and west Shandong, were in the form of spot patch, encircling strip block, segmented surface, and irregular mosaic surface, respectively; 3) According to the coupling relationship between comprehensive and coordination degrees, the rural territorial system was divided into five zones, including priority promotion area, key promotion area, potential promotion area, collaborative optimization area, and moderate optimization area. However, the obstacle function of each region has the double attribute of identity and difference. Specifically, the living function of population was the common obstacle of each region, whereas, the obstacle degree varied in non-agricultural production function and environmental maintenance function; 4) Some suggestions can be gained during this time. The regulation and control of rural territorial multifunction in Shandong Province can take "double high" as the goal, according to the policy of "finding the short board and developing together", while strengthen the local key promotion and the optimization of rural functional areas based on local conditions, thereby to provide a promising potential to the rural high-quality development in the new era.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Autocorrelation - Ecology - Function evaluation - Quality control - Regional planning - Spatial variables measurement - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Collaborative optimization - Coupling relationships - Ecological conservation - Evaluation index system - Regulation and control - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial characteristics
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20203509114922
Title:Site selection of forage storehouse in high risk areas of snow disaster in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Title of translation:青藏高原雪灾高风险区饲草料储备库选址分析
Authors:Zhao, Fuchang (1); Zhou, Qiang (1, 2); Liu, Fenggui (1, 2); Chen, Qiong (1, 2); Chen, Yongping (1); Zhi, Zemin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography, Qinghai Normal University, Xining; 810008, China; (2) Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining; 810008, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Qiang(zhouqiang729@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:272-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Snow disaster become a gradually increasing trend, due to the global climate change, particularly on the frequency, intensity, and duration in high risk area of extreme weather. In addition, the prevention and reduction of natural disaster have posed a major challenge on the international community. Therefore, it is urgent to accurately predict the disaster risk, in order to reduce the losses from the snow disaster. Being one of the most important bases for stockbreeding, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a typical region with high incidence of snow disasters in western China. In the high risk area of snow disaster, forage reserves play a vital role in the emergency response to snow disasters in pastoral areas. The objectives of this study were, 1) to evaluate the high risk area of snow disaster, and to verify the accuracy using the actual occurrence areas; 2) to propose a new method for the site selection of forage reserves by modifying P-median model; 3) to explore the optimum sites for forage reserves over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The high-risk areas of snow disaster and the occurrence areas in actual years were combined, in order to better evaluate the risk of snow disaster in disaster risk management, and thereby to improve the disaster resilience of plateau pastoral areas. The number of livestock in county-level administrative units and vector data of national basic roads were collected from government units and the National Basic Geographic Information Center. The P-median model was selected to evaluate the sites selection, compared with other models, such as P-center model, maximum coverage model, P-median model. In addition, a modified P-median model was proposed to evaluate the optimum sites of forage reserves in this study area, according to the calculation demand for livestock forage, and the optimal path from the facility to the demand of models. The high-risk area of snow disaster for the Qinghai Province can serve as a case to verify the models. The results showed that 1) Zhiduo, Maqin and Dulan counties were the optimum forage reserves in this study area, which the number of their forage sites was different, such as 7 sites in Zhiduo county (including Maduo, Qiuzhi, Duocai, Zhaduo, Jieduo, Jinisai, and Baizha towns), 4 sites in Maqin (including Longzang, Lajia, Jianshe, and Ningmute towns), and 2 sites in Dulan county (including Xiangride and Jiermeng towns); 2) There was an obvious difference among sizes, where the capacities of Zhiduo, Maqin, and Dulan forage reserves were 210 000, 132 000 and 135 000 ton of forage grass, respectively; 3) In space, a dual structural pattern was formed in "networked layout, hierarchical reserve", where Zhidu, Maqin and Dulan reserves served as the center, Maduo, Zado, Qiuzhi and other forage reserves as the periphery, covering the entire study area. The finding demonstrated that the P-median model can be expected to perform excellent sites selection of forage reserves in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The finding can provide an available theoretical method for the selection of forage stock reserve in plateau pastoral area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Emergency services
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Climate change - Disaster prevention - Risk management - Site selection - Snow
Uncontrolled terms:Disaster resiliences - Emergency response - Geographic information - Global climate changes - International community - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Qinghai-Tibetan plateau - Theoretical methods
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.22e+08kg, Mass 1.20e+08kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20203509114993
Title:Catalytic pyrolysis of maize cob lignin over activated red mud catalyst for value-added mono-phenol production
Title of translation:活化赤泥催化热解玉米芯木质素制备高值单酚
Authors:Wang, Shaoqing (1); Li, Zhihe (1); Yi, Weiming (1); Gao, Liang (1); Li, Yufeng (1); Bai, Xueyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo; 255000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhihe(lizhihe@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:203-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lignin is a kind of natural aromatic polymer with complex three-dimensional amorphous structure. It has also gradually become an ideal raw material for value-added fine chemical production. The pyrolysis liquefaction technology can be used to achieve the depolymerization of lignin into phenolic compounds. However, the thermal depolymerization process is normally associated with many highly reactive benzene ring radicals. These radicals are not sensitive to the formation of high-value mono-phenol, due to they can further be condensed to coke. A feasible pathway, including catalytic pyrolysis of lignin, can be selected to produce value-added mono-phenol. Herein, the selection of catalyst become critical to the directional catalytic pyrolysis with monophenols as the target product. The physical-chemical characteristics of catalysts can directly determine the composition and enrichment of mono-phenol in bio-oil. At present, many low-cost catalytic materials have been synthesized to further broaden the source of the catalysts for save-costing technology of catalytic pyrolysis. In this paper, the acid digestion-alkali precipitation coupled calcination treatment was employed to activate the red mud waste derived from alumina industry. The synthetic low-cost catalyst was introduced into the catalytic pyrolysis of maize cob lignin process, to produce the value-added mono-phenol in bio-oil. Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were used to characterize the maize cob lignin. The synthesized low-cost catalytic materials (denoted as ACRM) were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupling with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetry-differential thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG) and the N<inf>2</inf> isothermal absorption-desorption analysis. The distributions of bio-oil groups and main phenolic compounds were investigated at the function of ACRM samples. The comparative analysis of ACRM with commercial catalysts was performed to evaluate the application potential of red mud as a low-cost catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis lignin. Results showed that the maize cob lignin can serve as a renewable raw material to produce high-value aromatic chemicals, indicating abundant para-aromatic ring structure, with unique ferulic acid (FA) and para-coumaric acid (PCA). The activated process can significantly improve the surface morphology, pore structure and catalytic properties of red mud. The activated red mud can produce pore structure and abundant active metal oxides (Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> and TiO<inf>2</inf>), indicating a high specific surface area (72.36 m<sup>2</sup>/g). Most Na and Ca elements were efficiently removed from the red mud structure, indicating the reduction of strong alkalinity. The relative peak area of phenol and alkylphenols can reach up to 60.38% at the function of ACRM catalysts, mainly due to the enhanced dehydroxylation, demethylation, demethoxy reaction, and alkylation reaction. Compared with commercial molecular sieves, the modified red mud was a supplement to mesoporous molecular sieves with a better recycling performance. A possible reaction pathway of lignin pyrolysis vapors was proposed under the function of ACRM catalyst. Therefore, the activated red mud catalyst was used as a low-cost catalyst material for lignin catalyzed pyrolysis to produce value-added mono-phenol, indicating the energy utilization of typical waste resources with potential economic and ecological benefits. The application of ACRM can be expected to guide the utilization of solid waste. The findings can provide a sound reference for the reasonable disposal of waste resources from biorefining, pulp engineering and alumina industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Costs
Controlled terms:Activated alumina - Alkalinity - Aluminum oxide - Aromatic polymers - Aromatization - Catalysts - Chemical analysis - Cost benefit analysis - Depolymerization - Energy dispersive spectroscopy - Energy utilization - Hematite - High resolution transmission electron microscopy - Lignin - Metals - Molecular sieves - Morphology - Phenols - Pore structure - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Sieves - Surface morphology - Thermogravimetric analysis - Titanium dioxide - Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy - Waste disposal - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption-desorption - Aromatic ring structure - Chemical characteristic - Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy - High specific surface area - Mesoporous molecular sieves - Renewable raw materials - Thermal depolymerization
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 482.2 Minerals - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 815.2 Polymerization - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.04e+01%, Specific_Surface_Area 7.24e+04m2/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20203509114907
Title:Measuring method and experiment on spray drift of chemicals applied by UAV sprayer based on an artificial orchard test bench
Title of translation:基于仿真果园试验台的植保无人机施药雾滴飘移测试方法与试验
Authors:Wang, Changling (1, 2); He, Xiongkui (1, 3); Zeng, Aijun (1, 3); Herbst, Andreas (4); Wongsuk, Supakorn (1, 3); Qiao, Baiyu (1, 3); Zhao, Cheng (1, 3); Yuan, Shankui (5); Zhong, Ling (6); Overbeck, Verena (4); Bonds, Jane (7); Yang, Yi (8); Zhou, Guoqiang (9); Wang, Xuan (10); Gao, Wanlin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Centre for Chemicals Application Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (4) Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI, Brunswick; D-38104, Germany; (5) Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (6) Plant Protection and Inspection Bureau of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang; 330096, China; (7) Bonds Consulting Group LLC, Panama City; 32408, United States; (8) Beijing TT Aviation Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing; 102202, China; (9) Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Anyang; 455001, China; (10) SZ DJI Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen; 518057, China
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:56-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, low-altitude and low-volume plant protection operations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer developed rapidly in China with the advantages of high efficiency, labour saving, high safety, high terrain adaptability, high flexibility, water and chemicals saving, and high intelligence. With the UAV application technology in field crops is becoming more and more mature, aerial spraying operations in orchards are promising and in the ascendant, but a high risk of UAV spray drift is appearing due to high working height and fine droplets sprayed in slope orchards, highlighting the necessity of the study on the spray drift characteristics of UAV chemicals application for fruit trees. Therefore, based on previous research, a novel type of measuring method of spray drift for UAV chemicals application in orchard was proposed in this study and an artificial orchard test stand (vineyard) and 3 airborne drift frame collectors were designed and built, and a set of field drift test bench was firstly used to collect aerial spray drift droplets at different downwind distances, together with ground drift collectors and canopy deposition collectors. An airborne drift index (ADX) of UAV's spray was initially applied for quantitative analysis to compare spray drift characteristics of different models of unmanned aircrafts and variable operation parameters. Fluorescence tracer Pyranine water solution was prepared at the concentration of 0.1% as the spray liquid. Four typical types of plant protection UAV (a single-rotor oil-powered helicopter, a 6-rotor motor drone and two models of 8-rotor motor drones) equipped with conventional hollow cone nozzle 'TR 80-0067' and air-induction anti-drift nozzle 'IDK 120-015'were tested in the artificial vineyard, and results of canopy deposition distribution, ground sediment drift, near-ground drift, and airborne drift were obtained and analysed, and different sampling collectors for spray drift were evaluated and compared. The results showed that: Under the environmental conditions that the nominal crosswind speed was 2.4-3.6 m/s, the temperature was 29.8-34.3 ℃ and relative humidity was 10.7%-30.6%, at the flight height of 1.5 m (3.5 m from the ground) and the speed of 2.0 m/s the air-induction nozzle IDK can significantly reduce the level of downwind spray drift of UAV, optimize the uniformity of deposition distribution and increase the effective utilization rate of chemicals; There was no significant difference in the drift characteristics of the 4 types of unmanned aircraft, and the vortex generated by the combination of the rotor's downwash airflow and the external wind was an important factor on spray drift; Buffer zone of UAV aerial spraying operation in vineyards should be set at at least 15 m; The lower the canopy deposition rate (P<0.05, r<0), the worse the uniformity of deposition distribution (P<0.01, r>0), the larger the average average drift rate (AADR) and 90% cumulative drift distancex<inf>90%</inf> of the field drift test bench (P<0.01, r> 0), the greater the ADX value (P<0.01, r> 0) all indicated the higher spray drift risk, respectively; Both these sampling collectors and their evaluation index could assess the downwind drift characteristics effectively; the relationship between the UAV spray drift rate β<inf>dep%</inf> and the downwind distance x was described by the exponential function. The results of this study are expected to provide references and data supports for the R&D of UAV dedicated for orchard spraying, the formulation of standards on spray drift field measuring method for UAV orchard operations and the selection of aerial application working parameters in orchards.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Aircraft - Antennas - Chemicals - Crops - Deposition rates - Drones - Drops - Exponential functions - Importance sampling - Orchards - Risk assessment
Uncontrolled terms:Aerial application - Application technologies - Deposition distribution - Environmental conditions - Fluorescence tracers - Formulation of standards - Operation parameters - Working parameters
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.07e+01% to 3.06e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 3.50e+00m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.40e+00m/s to 3.60e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.13.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普