<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20203209013252
Title:Compression characteristics of paddy soil based on Gompertz function
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;Gompertz&#20989;&#25968;&#30340;&#27700;&#31291;&#22303;&#21387;&#32553;&#29305;&#24615;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Huo, Lianfei (1); Adam, Belal Eisa (2); Ding, Qishuo (1); He, Ruiyin (1); Wang, Xiaochan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Zalingei University, Zalingei; 999129, Sudan
Corresponding author:Ding, Qishuo(qsding@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:136-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil compaction caused by agricultural field vehicles can significantly affect soil physical properties and soil structure, and thus have an enormous impact on crop yield and agroecological environment, which has become one of the obstacles for sustainable agriculture. Quantification and prediction of soil compaction is helpful for the rational use of agricultural machinery in the field and soil structure protection, and can reduce or avoid the risk of soil damage. In order to quantitatively evaluate the effects of soil structure and hydraulic state on soil compaction, twenty-five remolded soil samples with different moisture content of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and bulk density of 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 g/cm³ were made. The effects of moisture content (w) and bulk density (&rho;) were investigated in this study on the characteristics of the soil compression curves and soil compression properties. Soil compression curves were got using the Gompertz function to fit uniaxial compression test results and three important soil compression properties, such as the swelling index, the compression index, and the pre-compression stress were obtained from the curves. The fitting results showed that all the compression curves had the similar shape and Gompertz function fit the experimental data of paddy soil well. The root-mean-square error of paddy soil was in the range of 0.001-0.019, with an average value of 0.008. The values of the parameters of Gompertz function were as follows: a=0.289-0.643, b=0.980-2.883, c=0.128-1.087, m=2.157-2.598. The swelling index values of paddy soil ranged from 0.003 to 0.138. The swelling index for paddy soil was maximum when w=35% and &rho;=1.1 g/cm³, and at was minimum when w=15% and &rho;=1.5 g/cm³.The swelling index showed a significant positive dependence on moisture content, while bulk density was negative. The compression index was in the ranges of 0.115-0.839. The compression index for paddy soil was maximum when w=25% and &rho;=1.1 g/cm³, and was minimum when w=15% and &rho;=1.5 g/cm³.A quadratic polynomial function was established between moisture content and compression index; the compression index showed a significant negative correlation with bulk density. The pre-compression stresses of paddy soil were in the ranges of 33-127 kPa. The pre-compression stresses for paddy soil was maximum at w=15% and &rho;=1.5 g/cm³ and minimum at w=35% and &rho;=1.1 g/cm³. The pre-compression stresses showed a prominent negative correlation with moisture content and a significant positive correlation with bulk density. Consequently, it was concluded that agricultural field operations should be avoided when the soil has a higher moisture content and a lower bulk density, in order to protect the soil structure. Moreover, it was established that a set of pedo-transfer functions based on moisture content and dry bulk density can be used to predict the swelling index, compression index, and pre-compression stress of paddy soil, therefore laborious and time-consuming compression tests can be avoided. These soil compression properties as input parameters also can be used in the soil compaction models which can supply references for establish strategies and recommendations to prevent of soil compaction.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Compaction - Compression testing - Curve fitting - Mean square error - Moisture - Moisture determination - Soil mechanics - Soils  - Structural properties
Uncontrolled terms:Compression characteristics - Different moisture contents - Pedo-transfer functions - Quadratic polynomial functions - Root mean square errors - Soil physical property - Sustainable agriculture - Uni-axial compression tests
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.50e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Pressure 3.30e+04Pa to 1.27e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20203209013675
Title:Effects of long-term maize stovers mulching on maize yield and microbial necromass carbon accumulation
Title of translation:&#36830;&#24180;&#31224;&#31174;&#35206;&#30422;&#23545;&#29577;&#31859;&#20135;&#37327;&#21450;&#22303;&#22756;&#24494;&#29983;&#29289;&#27531;&#20307;&#30899;&#31215;&#32047;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Xiao (1); Hu, Guoqing (2); He, Hongbo (3, 4); Zhang, Xudong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai; 264025, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang; 110016, China; (4) National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems, Shenyang; 110016, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:117-122
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mulching of maize stovers can be widely used to reduce soil evaporation, thereby to prevent soil degradation, particularly for the conservation of tillage management in northeast China. Continuous mulching with maize stovers can also significantly increase organic carbon in soil. However, the underlying mechanisms on long-term mulching of maize stovers remain unclear, due to microorganism can serve as a critical driving force of transformation to organic carbon in soil. In this study, an eight-year field experiment with/without stovers mulching treatment was conducted in the National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang. Samples of plant and soil (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) were collected after the annual harvest. Biomarker-amino sugars, together with the yield of maize and organic carbon in soil, were measured to calculated microbial necromass in soil. The results showed that there was no significant increase in the yield of maize, organic carbon in soil, and microbial necromass carbon, when mulching stovers in the initial 2-5 years. The reason was probably that the maize stovers cannot be completely decomposed during initial five years in this area. When fitting 8-year data, a first-order model indicated that the change of organic carbon and microbial necromass carbon in soil followed a nonlinear pattern under specific tillage systems, showing an exponential increase, and then a steady state. In the first-order nonlinear parameters for the surface soil, the maximums organic carbon of soil in with/without mulching treatments were 11.35 g/kg and 12.67 g/kg, respectively, and the time to reach a steady state was 2.1 years and 15.4 years, respectively. In microbial necromass carbon, the maximums in two treatments were 8.11, 11.35 g/kg, respectively, and the time to reach steady state was 14.2 years and 26.3 years, respectively. Specifically, the mulching of maize stovers can efficiently increase the maximum of soil organic carbon and microbial necromass carbon, while to extend the time to reach steady state in the surface soil. It infers that the mulching of maize stovers can enhance the retention ability of soil organic carbon and microbial necromass, to improve their accumulation capacity in the surface soil. Meanwhile, the maximum ratios of microbial necromass carbon to organic carbon in the surface layer in two treatments were 72.57% and 76.94%, respectively, and the time to reach a steady state was 24.1 years and 26.7 years, respectively. There was a great contribution of microbial necromass to soil organic carbon in a long-term when maize stovers mulching. In the surface soil, the mulching of maize stovers did not increase soil organic carbon, microbial necromass carbon and their proportions, indicating the average maximums were 10.37 g/kg, 6.82 g/kg and 67.61%, respectively, and the average time to steady state were 1.7 years, 8.8 years and 16.2 years, respectively. The reason was that the continuous mulching with maize stovers in the surface soil can produce "hotspots" to provide a readily available source of carbon, nutrient and energy for microorganisms, but there was no significant difference of root mass in the subsurface soil. This finding demonstrated that the mulching with maize stovers can effectively increase soil organic carbon via the accumulation of microbial necromass in the whole soil layer, thereby to reduce the risk of carbon loss in soil<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Organic carbon
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Microorganisms - Soil conservation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon accumulation - Critical driving force - Exponential increase - Field observations - First-order models - Non-linear parameters - Soil organic carbon - Tillage management
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.42e+01yr, Age 1.54e+01yr, Age 1.62e+01yr, Age 1.70e+00yr, Age 2.00e+00yr to 5.00e+00yr, Age 2.10e+00yr, Age 2.41e+01yr, Age 2.63e+01yr, Age 2.67e+01yr, Age 8.00e+00yr, Age 8.80e+00yr, Percentage 6.76e+01%, Percentage 7.26e+01%, Percentage 7.69e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20203209013310
Title:Calculation method for CO<inf>2</inf> supply load of vegetable spatial soilless culture greenhouse and equipment matching
Title of translation:&#28201;&#23460;&#34092;&#33756;&#39640;&#26550;&#26685;&#22521;CO<inf>2</inf>&#20379;&#27668;&#36127;&#33655;&#35745;&#31639;&#19982;&#35774;&#22791;&#36873;&#22411;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Zhou, Changji (1); Wang, Liu (1); Tian, Jing (1); Fu, Jianlu (1); Zhang, Yuehong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Protected Agriculture, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affaires, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:212-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that the lack of relevant theories and specifications of capacity selection of greenhouse CO<inf>2</inf> supply equipment, based on the model analysis of the constant concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf>, the low range concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf>, and the constant gas flow control of CO<inf>2</inf>, a CO<inf>2</inf> balance model in greenhouse is established. There are very complex relationships between temperature, light intensity and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration and photosynthesis intensity. To maintain a constant CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in greenhouse, it is necessary to accurately regulate the supply of CO<inf>2</inf> according to the changes in light and temperature. In addition, to maintain CO<inf>2</inf> concentration above the saturation point, the constant concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf> is also an uneconomical way. So this mode of regulation is difficult to implement in large-scale greenhouse production. The constant concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf> is possible to be used only in experimental greenhouse which the light and temperature are accurately controlled. The low range concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf> also needs to adjust the supply of CO<inf>2</inf> frequently, therefore, the timeliness and accuracy requirements of CO<inf>2</inf> supply source are high. It is generally applicable to liquefied CO<inf>2</inf> supply system. The constant gas flow control of CO<inf>2</inf> is the easiest to implement in engineering, as long as the gas supply valve is opened or closed according to the set time, and other control equipment can be omitted. Therefore, this control model is very suitable for the CO<inf>2</inf> supply system which uses the recovered flue gas of the boiler as CO<inf>2</inf> source, and also suitable for liquid CO<inf>2</inf> supply system without considering economic factors. <inf>.</inf>Combined with crop demand for CO<inf>2</inf> and the characteristics of low CO<inf>2</inf> emission of soil in the large-scale gutter-connected greenhouse for vegetable spatial soilless culture, a calculation method for the CO<inf>2</inf> supply load of equipment used for CO<inf>2</inf> enrichment in greenhouse is proposed. Taking the recovered flue gas of a boiler and liquid CO<inf>2</inf> as the CO<inf>2</inf> sources, two CO<inf>2</inf> supply methods are proposed. The calculation method of the capacity of gas boiler and the volume of liquid CO<inf>2</inf> storage tank provide a theoretical basis for the design and selection of corresponding equipment. Taking a Venlo type greenhouse with the cultivation area of 49 200 m² and the volume of 329 640 m³ as an example, the calculation method was checked. The calculation results showed that by using constant gas flow control of CO<inf>2</inf>, and under the condition that the concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> was 600&times;10^-6 m³/m³ in greenhouse, only one gas boiler with a rated evaporation capacity of 10 t/h needed to be operated at the daytime to meet the demand of CO<inf>2</inf> enrichment, when the recovered flue gas of the boiler was used as CO<inf>2</inf> source. By using the low range concentration control of CO<inf>2</inf>, and under the condition that the concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> was 500&times;10^-6 m³/m³ in greenhouse, a storage tank with a volume of 20 m³ was needed for contain liquefied CO<inf>2</inf> when using liquefied CO<inf>2</inf> as the CO<inf>2</inf> source. The measured CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in greenhouse showed that the calculation method of CO<inf>2</inf> supply load for equipment capacity selection established in this paper was feasible. The method proposed in this paper can be used for similar engineering design reference.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Carbon dioxide
Controlled terms:Boiler control - Boilers - Control equipment - Flow control - Flow of gases - Flue gases - Flues - Gases - Greenhouses - Liquids  - Recovery - Tanks (containers) - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation results - Complex relationships - Concentration control - Engineering design - Equipment capacities - Equipment matching - Evaporation capacity - Greenhouse production
Classification code:451.1  Air Pollution Sources - 614  Steam Power Plants - 614.1  Steam Power Plant Design and Construction - 619.2  Tanks - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.2  Gas Dynamics - 732.1  Control Equipment - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.92e+04m2, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.52e+00kg/s, Volume 2.00e+01m3, Volume 3.30e+05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20203209013251
Title:Calculation method of load sample size for tractor drive shafts based on dynamic time warping distance
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;DTW&#36317;&#31163;&#30340;&#25302;&#25289;&#26426;&#20256;&#21160;&#36724;&#36733;&#33655;&#26679;&#26412;&#38271;&#24230;&#35745;&#31639;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Yin, Yiyong (1); Fu, Ningshan (1); Liao, Pin (1); Song, Zhenghe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Song, Zhenghe(songzhenhe@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:54-60
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aimed at solving the problem that the traditional engineering methods of determining the load sample size is difficult to adapt to the field test, a method of determining the load sample size based on the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance was proposed to calculate the agricultural machinery field test load sample size. The DTW distance method is mainly applied in voice recognition and online signature verification. It has the characteristics of being able to judge the similarity of unequal length time series and not relying on data statistic features for data similarity judgment. These features are more suitable for calculating the load sample size of agricultural machinery. Firstly, a dynamic load test system was built to obtain the torque load of the tractor drive shaft in the process of ploughing, and the small load data which was lower than 10% of the maximum load cycle was filtered. According to characteristics of the agricultural machinery operation and the tractor drive shaft load, the ploughing condition and the adjustment condition were regarded as a complete operation cycle, which ensured that these operation cycles meet ergodicity test. Moreover, traditional approximate mean accuracy estimation method and fitting curve of mean method were selected to determine the load sample size of the tractor drive shaft under ploughing condition and the results were 8 subsamples and 3 subsamples, respectively. After normalizing the load time series with different numbers of operation cycles, the DTW distance between them and the maximum number of operating sections were calculated. The results displayed that load sample size determined by DTW distance method was 16 subsamples. Furthermore, since the actual measured load cannot represent the whole life load of components, in practice, the measured load samples need to be statistically analyzed and then combined with the extrapolation formula to extrapolate the load to obtain the full life load spectrum. The accuracy of the whole life load spectrum is mainly related to the extrapolation method and the selected sample length. Therefore, under the same error condition, the commonly used parameter extrapolation was selected to verify the load sample size. On the premise that the confidence level was 95% and the goodness of fit is greater than 0.9, the fitting parameters of the double normal distribution function about the mean load and its frequency were obtained. The value of fitting function obtained from the whole measured load used as the reference value, and the relative errors between the reference value and the above fitting parameters were calculated. The results showed that the relative errors of the fitting parameters through the load sample size with the DTW distance method could be guaranteed to be within 10%. Using the double normal distribution function for mean load and its frequency fitting, the maximum relative errors of fitting parameter for the approximate mean precision estimation method and the mean curve were 126.06% and 80.62%, respectively, while the maximum value of the relative error of the fitting parameters based on the DTW distance calculation method was 5.43%, which verified the applicability of the load sample size calculation method based on the DTW distance. The calculation method can be used for the field test load size of tractor drive shafts in the future.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Automobile testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Curve fitting - Digital storage - Distribution functions - Dynamic loads - Errors - Extrapolation - Frequency estimation - Load testing  - Normal distribution - Time series - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck)
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy estimation - Distance calculation - Dynamic time warping - Extrapolation methods - Fitting parameters - Maximum relative errors - On-line signature verification - Traditional engineerings
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 662  Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.1  Probability Theory - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.26e+02%, Percentage 5.43e+00%, Percentage 8.06e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20203209013938
Title:Gradient effects and ecological zoning of ecosystem services in transition zone of Beijing Bay
Title of translation:&#21271;&#20140;&#28286;&#36807;&#28193;&#24102;&#29983;&#24577;&#31995;&#32479;&#26381;&#21153;&#26799;&#24230;&#25928;&#24212;&#20998;&#26512;&#21450;&#29983;&#24577;&#20998;&#21306;
Authors:Liu, Xiaona (1); Liu, Chunlan (1); Chen, Long (1); Pei, Sha (1); Qiao, Qing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environment Protection, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing; 100037, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Long(bryum@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:276-285
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The transitional zone of Beijing Bay forms the mountain-plain boundary lines and rural-urban social distinctions. The balance of ecological protection and economic development dominates in the regional boundary. Therefore, there is a significant gradient effect on the supply of ecosystem service in the Beijing Bay. In this study, nine typical ecosystem services were evaluated in the Beijing Bay using grids as the research unit, according to the biophysical processes formed by ecosystem services. Vegetation coverage and land development intensity were used to characterize gradient effect of ecosystem services, further to delineate four partitions with the dominant ecosystem service. The results showed that: 1) There was remarkable spatial variation in the distribution of ecosystem services due to the different formation process and influencing factors. Some services, such as food supply, increased from the hilly mountain to plain areas, indicating that ecosystem was greatly affected by human activity. The supply of ecosystem services, such as biodiversity, showed an opposite trend, due to ecosystem types and biophysical processes increased from flat plain to mountain. Specifically, water conservation and recreation determined the supply of ecosystem services. 2) Except recreation, most ecosystem services showed obviously gradient effects with vegetation coverage and i land development intensity. Each ecosystem service can be identified 0-2 mutation points along the change of two factors. In vegetation coverage, the mutation points of ecosystem services were 0.45-0.56, whereas in the intensity of land development were 15%-31%. Food supply and water quality regulation revealed a dramatic decrease as the increase in vegetation coverage between two identified mutation points. Water retention, quality regulation of air and soil increased significantly with the increase of vegetation coverage below the one identified mutation point. Carbon storage and erosion control constantly increased as the increase in vegetation coverage. Biodiversity enhanced remarkably with the increase of vegetation coverage between two identified mutation points. Food supply and water quality regulation showed an increasing trend with the improvement of land development intensity. Other ecosystem services continuously showed a significant downward trend with the increase in the intensity of land development. There was no mutation in water retention, carbon storage, erosion control and soil quality regulation with land development intensity. 3) Using the mutation points of vegetation coverage and land development intensity, the transitional zone of Beijing Bay was divided into four ecological regions, where the vegetation coverage of 0.45 and 15% intensity of land development. Natural or near natural region was dominated by regulation services, whereas the artificial area was dominated by supply services. Both semi-natural and semi-artificial regions were dominated by regulation and supply services, with an emphasis on a certain transitional feature. An optimized strategy of ecosystem services was proposed, according to the characteristics of different ecological regions. The findings can provide a sound basis for ecological protection, ecological restoration, and compensation policies, further to promote the sustainable development of local ecosystems.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Erosion - Food supply - Landforms - Quality control - Soil conservation - Vegetation - Water conservation - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Biophysical process - Ecological protection - Ecological restoration - Land development intensities - Optimized strategies - Regulation services - Spatial variations - Vegetation coverage
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 445.2  Water Analysis - 454  Environmental Engineering - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 822.3  Food Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01% to 3.10e+01%, Percentage 4.50e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20203209013140
Title:Recognition and segmentation model of tomato leaf diseases based on deconvolution-guiding
Title of translation:&#21453;&#21367;&#31215;&#24341;&#23548;&#30340;&#30058;&#33540;&#21494;&#37096;&#30149;&#23475;&#35782;&#21035;&#21450;&#30149;&#26001;&#20998;&#21106;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Ren, Shougang (1, 2, 3); Jia, Fuwei (1); Gu, Xingjian (1); Yuan, Peisen (1); Xue, Wei (1); Xu, Huanliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Nanjing; 210095, China; (3) Jiangsu Collaborative Center for the Technology and Application of Internet of Things, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Huanliang(huanliangxu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:186-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Deep learning has been widely applied to the recognition and segmentation of plant leaf disease. However, traditional recognition models of plant leaf disease usually lack transparency, since these end-to-end deep classifiers are susceptible to shadow, occlusion, and light intensity. To address this drawback, in this paper, we proposed a new recognition and segmentation model of plant leaf disease based on deconvolution-guided, called Deconvolution-Guided VGGNet (DGVGGNet). An encoder-decoder architecture with symmetric convolutional-deconvolutional layers was applied to DGVGGNet so that the plant leaf disease recognition and segmentation can be carried simultaneously. Our model consists of three main phases: recognition, inversion, and deconvolution. In the recognition phase, we first fed the VGGNet with plenty of plant leaf disease images, and then Categorical Cross-Entropy Loss was utilized to train the recognition model. VGGNet was made up of the convolution layers of VGG16 and 2 fully connected layers, and the weights of convolution layers were pre-trained on ImageNet. Ten kinds of tomato leaf disease images in the PlantVillage dataset were used in this paper, concretely, 30% of the pictures were used for training, and the rest 70% were used for the test. Besides, on-the-fly data augmentation was also exploited during the training stage, such as flipping the images and corrupting the origin images by brightness, saturation, salt noise, and Gaussian noise. In the inversion phase, two fully connected layers were used to reverse the category prediction vector. Simultaneously, two skip connections were used to reinforce the decoder by adding the vector of the VGGNet's fully connected layers. Then, the feature vector was reshaped to feature maps to input into the deconvolution module. In the deconvolution phase, the feature maps were fed into the deconvolution module to acquire the segmentation result of the disease area, where each pixel was trained with the Binary Cross-Entropy Loss. The deconvolution module consists of the upsample and convolution operation. Meanwhile, five skip connections were used to fuse the multiple features, which can refine the segmentation results. Besides, only a few samples of the training set were given pixel-level labels of plant disease to supervise the output of the deconvolution module. At the end of the deconvolution module, the reconstruction layer was used to smooth the segmentation edge. To explore the influence of the number of pixel-level labels used in the model, 9 and 45 pixel-level labels were used to supervise the segmentation results, respectively. To simulate the natural conditions, different kinds of interference were added to the test data, such as translation, fruit occlusion, soil occlusion, leaf occlusion, and brightness reduction with different percentages. Experimentally, we evaluate our recognition module by exploring the performance of VGGNet, DGVGGNet-9, and DGVGGNet-45 on different interference datasets, respectively. We also evaluate our deconvolution module by exploring 4 different evaluation metrics, i.e., PA, MPA, MIoU, and FWIoU, compared with 3 popular semantic segmentation models, i.e., FCN-8s, U-Net, and SegNet. The results show that DGVGGNet-45 has the highest recognition accuracy as well as with the highest PA, MIoU, and FWIoU among the four segmentation evaluation metrics, which are 94.66%, 75.36%, and 90.46%, respectively. Compared with VGGNet, the deconvolution module of DGVGGNet-45 can guide the recognition module to pay more attention to the actual area of disease, which is effective in improving the segmentation accuracy. The recognition results demonstrate that DGVGGNet had strong robustness in tough conditions. Furthermore, DGVGGNet only took 12 ms to identify a single picture on the GPU, which can meet the real-time requirements.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pixels
Controlled terms:Convolution - Decoding - Deep learning - Entropy - Fruits - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Image segmentation - Luminance - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Semantics  - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Encoder-decoder architecture - Real time requirement - Recognition accuracy - Segmentation accuracy - Segmentation evaluation metrics - Segmentation models - Segmentation results - Semantic segmentation
Classification code:512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.54e+01%, Percentage 9.05e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20203209013067
Title:Recognition of wilt wood caused by pine wilt nematode based on U-Net network and unmanned aerial vehicle images
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;U-Net&#32593;&#32476;&#21644;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#24433;&#20687;&#30340;&#26494;&#26448;&#32447;&#34411;&#30149;&#21464;&#33394;&#26408;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Zhang, Ruirui (1, 2, 3, 4); Xia, Lang (1, 2, 3, 4); Chen, Liping (1, 2, 3, 4); Xie, Chunchun (5); Chen, Meixiang (1, 2, 3, 4); Wang, Weijia (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Key laboratory of Intelligent Equipment Technology for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (5) Shandong Ruida Pest Control and Prevention Co., Ltd., Jinan; 250000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Liping(chenlp@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:61-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pine wilt nematode is a species of nematode that infects pine trees and causes the pine wilt disease. The affected pine will infect other pines in the short term, hence, identification and removal of the affected pines are important to control the disease. In this study, a fix-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a professional true-color camera was used to collect images for the study area, and a deep learning network, the U-Net model, was adopted to segment the images of wilt pines. Several 3 799 wilt pine images in this study were collected by the UAV, of which, 1 567 images for the Heihu mountain area and 2 232 images for Yangkou tunnel. The ground survey was conducted to collect the true wilt pines, and 45 samples were obtained. The collected images were identified by visual interpretation, and compared with the ground true samples, the accuracy of the visual interpretations was 95.24%. Label images were generated manually according to the visual interpretation results, and the label images amplification method was adopted to get more training samples. The training samples of 1 3120 were obtained in the study, and the training was performed using a GTX 2080 Ti GPU with a memory of 11GB. The training accuracy gradually increased as the number of iterations increased, and the training loss value gradually decreased as the number of iterations increased. The training and validation accuracies of the U-Net model were 98.74% and 97.76% respectively, and the problems such as over-fitting or under-fitting and gradient disappearance were not observed in the training. The confusion matrix was used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy of the U-Net model, and 145 images were randomly selected to perform the confusion matrix. The confusion matrix showed that the user and producer accuracies for the wilt wood segmentation were 93.51% and 97.30% respectively, the false positive rate was 6.49%, and the false-negative rate was 2.70%. This indicated the accuracy of the U-Net model achieved the accuracy requirements of segmentation wilt pine which required both a low false-positive rate and false-negative rate but emphasized more on the lower false-negative rate. In general, the overall segmentation accuracy of the U-Net model is 95.17% with the Kappa coefficient of 0.9. The accuracy evaluation indicated the segmentation model achieved a reasonable accuracy. A comparison with the Random Forest (RF) algorithm was also conducted to evaluate the performance difference between the RF and the U-Net model, the accuracy analysis showed that the U-Net network greatly reduced the false positive rate and the noise of segmentation compared with the random forest method. The analysis also indicated the U-Net model achieved higher accuracy than the RF model. The classification results of the RF model without using the texture information which includes Local Binary Pattern (LBP), angular second moment, contrast, correlation, variance, entropy, mean, and homogeneity, presented heavy salt and pepper noise. Although the texture information was useful for the RF method, it still showed low accuracy compared with the U-Net model. To analyze the effects of the number of samples and the quality of samples on model accuracy, a comparative analysis was conducted by reducing the training samples and degradation of the quality of the training samples. The number of training samples was reduced by 2/3, that is, 4 373 samples were randomly selected to train the model. On the other hand, a wilt wood mask with a size of 1-20 pixels was randomly added to the 50% labels for using to train the model. The results indicated that the quality of the samples was more important for the U-Net network to identify the wilt pine woods. In general, the U-Net deep learning segmentation network is suitable for monitoring wilt pine woods in large areas.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Antennas - Classification (of information) - Decision trees - Deep learning - Disease control - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Matrix algebra - Quality control - Random forests  - Sampling - Textures - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Angular second moment - Classification results - Identification and removal - Local binary patterns - Random forest methods - Salt-and-pepper noise - Segmentation accuracy - Visual interpretation
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 811.2  Wood and Wood Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921.1  Algebra - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.70e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.49e+00%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Percentage 9.78e+01%, Percentage 9.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20203209013056
Title:Inversion of soil organic matter based on GF-5 images under different noise reduction methods
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#38477;&#22122;&#26041;&#24335;&#19979;&#22522;&#20110;&#39640;&#20998;&#20116;&#21495;&#24433;&#20687;&#30340;&#22303;&#22756;&#26377;&#26426;&#36136;&#21453;&#28436;
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2, 3); Bao, Yilin (1, 2); Meng, Xiangtian (1, 2); Cui, Yang (1, 2); Zhang, Aiming (1); Liu, Yunchao (1); Wang, Dandan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resources, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng; 024000, China; (2) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Predicting the spatial distribution of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) through remote sensing images is an important part of precision agriculture and land resource management research. The emergence of Gaofen5 (GF-5) has facilitated quantitative soil monitoring based on hyperspectral remote sensing. As the first full spectrum hyperspectral satellite for comprehensive observations of the atmosphere and land, GF-5 has a high spatial resolution of 30 m, including a total of 330 bands, and the coverage is consistent with the range obtained by spectro-radiometerFieldSpec3 (Analytical Spectral Devices, Longmont, USA). However, there is no clear and appropriate noise reduction method in the relevant soil research. Therefore, this study was to explore the best noise reduction method for GF-5 application in soil organic matter inversion. The experimental area was Mingshui County (124&deg;18'-125&deg;21'E, 46&deg;44'-47&deg;29'N), a typical black soil region of Heilongjiang Province. A total of 38 sampling points were selected at the depth of 0-20 cm in the study area and the spatial coordinates of sampling points were recorded by GPS. The non-cloud GF-5 hyperspectral remote sensing image was obtained from the website of China Resources Satellite Application Center. According to our prior knowledge, radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction pre-processing of hyperspectral remote sensing images in ENVI5.1 were performed. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) and Median Filtering (MF) noise reduction method were used. The two-dimensional spectral indexes were calculated under different noise reduction methods. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used to decrease the dimensionality of the inputs, and the Random Forest (RF) method was used to predict the SOM content. A total of 26 data were used for model establishment and the rest 12 data were used for model validation. The SOM content of these samples were 3.45%-5.53% with mean of 4.44%, standard deviation of 4.28% and coefficient of variance of 9.6. The results showed that the best decomposition layer of DWT was 1 since the correlation coefficient between reflectance and SOM was the highest and the wavelength locations with high correlation were consistent with those in the original reflectance curves. Among different noise reduction methods, the correlation between the spectral curve and the SOM content was the highest for DWT, followed by SVD and MF. The small "burr" in the soil reflection spectrum curve was removed by using different noise reduction methods and the shapes of the spectral curves under different SOM contents were consistent. The principal component analysis results showed that the cumulative contribution rates for data experiencing noise reduction by SVD, DWT and MF methods were all about 95%. The DWT method combined with RF prediction model achieved the highest accuracy of SOM estimation for validation dataset (R²: 0.69, RMSE: 2.26%, RPD: 1.80) and the noise reduction effect was the most significant. The SOM spatial distribution under the DWT noise reduction model was mapped and the result was consistent with the real condition. The SOM content was relatively high and its distribution was uniform in the central areas of Mingshui County. However, it was low in the southeast region because of severe soil erosion. The research results can provide an effective way of the realization of remote sensing prediction of SOM at a large scale by using GF-5 hyperspectral satellite data, expanding the application scope of satellite images.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Data reduction
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biogeochemistry - Decision trees - Discrete wavelet transforms - Forecasting - Image denoising - Median filters - Noise abatement - Organic compounds - Predictive analytics  - Reflection - Remote sensing - Satellites - Signal reconstruction - Singular value decomposition - Soils - Spatial distribution - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical spectral devices - Discrete wavelet transformation - High spatial resolution - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image - Hyperspectral satellite - Noise reduction methods - Radiometric calibrations
Classification code:481.2  Geochemistry - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 655.2  Satellites - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 751.4  Acoustic Noise - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 921  Mathematics - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.26e+00%, Percentage 3.45e+00% to 5.53e+00%, Percentage 4.28e+00%, Percentage 4.44e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20203209013238
Title:Spatial trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services for grazing-prohibited grassland in agro-pasture ecotone
Title of translation:&#20892;&#29287;&#20132;&#38169;&#24102;&#31105;&#29287;&#33609;&#22320;&#29983;&#24577;&#31995;&#32479;&#26381;&#21153;&#31354;&#38388;&#26435;&#34913;&#19982;&#21327;&#21516;&#20851;&#31995;
Authors:Zhong, Juntao (1); Wang, Bei (2); Mi, Wenbao (3); Fan, Xingang (3); Yang, Meiling (3); Yang, Xianming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining; 810008, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730001, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:268-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sustainable management of landscapes determines the relationship between each ecosystem service on different spatial scales. Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia in China as the research area, this paper aims to clarify the interaction between the main ecosystem services of grazing-prohibited grassland in agro-pasture ecotone, using various techniques, such as data extraction of grassland, remote sensing inversion, and spatial analysis. After local correction to InVEST model, three key ecosystem services, including the carbon storage, the water conservation and soil conservation after grazing prohibition during 2000-2015, were measured to define the features of their spatial-temporal changes. The spatial trade-offs were represented quantitatively for three services, and the partial correlation analysis at a pixel scale was used to analyze the spatial synergies at the township scale. The results show that three indicators of grassland ecosystem, including the functions of carbon storage, water and soil conservation, were significantly enhanced since the grazing prohibition. Specifically, the total carbon storage and density increased from 2 174 600 tons and 5.78 t/hm² to 2 631 200 tons and 6.19 t/hm², respectively; the quantity and density of water conservation increased from 28.84 million tons and 76.69 t/hm² to 61.18 million tons and 143.92 t/hm², respectively; and the total quantity and density of soil conservation increased from 13.83 million tons and 36.78 t/hm² to 34.74 million tons and 81.71 t/hm², respectively. However, there was a significant "N" type fluctuation in the increasing process. During the whole period, the range of carbon storage in grassland ecosystem varied slowly with continuous increase or decrease; while the water and soil conservation showed a remarkable increase or decrease. In terms of regional differences, the increases of carbon storage and water conservation in the north were higher than that in the south, whereas, the increase of soil conservation in the south was higher than that in the north. The function of carbon storage was closely related to the grassland type, indicating small interannual fluctuation and stable growth. The water and soil conservation can depend significantly on precipitation and terrain, leading to large interannual fluctuations and significant spatial differences. There was a spatial synergistic relationship between the soil and water conservation (86.34%) of grassland. The relationship between carbon storage and water conservation was complex, where the spatial trade-off and synergetic relationship were not correlation (47.66% and 52.34% respectively), while the carbon storage and soil conservation showed a spatial synergistic relationship (69.55%). Terrains dominated the synergies and trade-offs relationship between the carbon storage and water conservation, as well the carbon storage and soil conservation. Specifically, the synergetic relationship in areas revealed a large topographic relief, while there was most trade-offs relationship in flat areas. Therefore, the quantitative visualization can be used to evaluate the spatial trade-offs and synergies among the services of grassland ecosystem. The proposed method can further provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the grassland ecosystem, and thereby serve as a sound support for the sustainable management of grassland resources.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Correlation methods - Digital storage - Economic and social effects - Ecosystems - Law enforcement - Remote sensing - Soils - Spatial variables measurement - Storage as a service (STaaS)  - Sustainable development - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Grassland ecosystems - Interannual fluctuations - Quantitative visualization - Regional differences - Soil and water conservation - Spatial-temporal changes - Sustainable management - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4  Digital Computers and Systems - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.58e+08kg, Mass 5.73e+08kg, Percentage 4.77e+01%, Percentage 5.23e+01%, Percentage 6.95e+01%, Percentage 8.63e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20203209013246
Title:Effects of sowing parameters of millet precision seeder on growth characteristics and yield of Jingu 21
Title of translation:&#35895;&#23376;&#31934;&#37327;&#25773;&#31181;&#26426;&#25773;&#31181;&#21442;&#25968;&#23545;&#26187;&#35895;21&#21495;&#29983;&#38271;&#29305;&#24615;&#19982;&#20135;&#37327;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Chang, Zhuozhuo (1); Wang, Yaqing (1); Feng, Lei (1, 2); Zhang, Liguang (1, 3); Guo, Pingyi (1); Yuan, Xiangyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Fangshan County, Lvliang; Shanxi Province; 033199, China; (3) Institute of Crop Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan; 030031, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Xiangyang(yuanxiangyang200@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:22-29
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Millet (Setaria italic L.) is an important food crop in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. Jingu 21 has a long planting history and good quality. Effects of different seeding distance and seeding rate of self-propelled millet precision seeder on Jingu 21 emergence quality, photosynthetic characteristics and yield were explored to provide some theoretical bases and technological approaches for mechanized precision seeding of grain in hilly areas in this paper. Taken Shanxi Province as the research area, the tests were carried out in Taigu County and Zezhou County from 2013 to 2014. In Taigu County, Jinzhong City, the row spacing of the precision seeder was 33.3 cm, and the seeding depth was 3 cm in 2013. The emergency tests adopted the split-split plots design, the main plots were two treatments of suppression and non-suppression, the split plots were set to three seeding distance of 7, 10, and 13 cm, and the split-split plots were the three seeding wheels F, X and YJ (the groove diameter of F seeder is 5 mm, the depth is 2.5 mm, round, and the seeding rate is 3-4 seeds per hole; the groove diameter of X seeding wheel is 4 mm, the depth is 2 mm, round, and the seeding rate is 2-3 seeds per hole; the groove diameter of YJ seeding wheels is 5 mm, the depth is 1.8 mm, V-shaped, and the seeding rate is 1-2 seeds per hole). Emergency number and emergency uniformity were measured. The other experiments used a random complete block design without repression. Chlorophyll a content (Chl-a), Chlorophyll b content (Chl-b), Chlorophyll a+b content (Chl-a+b), Carotenoid content (Car), net photosynthetic rate (P<inf>n</inf>), intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration (C<inf>i</inf>), stomatal conductance (G<inf>s</inf>), the PSII actual photochemical efficiency (&Phi;<inf>PSII</inf>), apparent photosynthetic Electron Transport Rate (ETR), photochemical quenching coefficient (q<inf>P</inf>), the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) in the 2nd leaf from top of Jingu 21 at filling stage, yield and yield components at maturity were measured respectively. In 2014, the yield verification tests in Zezhou County, Jincheng City were carried out, the test treatments were that the seeding rate was 2-3 grains and the seeding distance was 7 cm (X-7), the seeding rate was 2-3 grains and the seeding distance was 10 cm (X-10), the seeding rate was 1-2 grains and the seeding distance was 7 cm (YJ-7), the seeding rate was 3-4 grains and the seeding distance was 13 cm (F-13), the seeding rate was 3-4 grains and the seeding distance was 10 cm (F-10) for. The results in Taigu County showed that for the same seeding distance, the order of emergency number from large to small of different seeding wheels was F seeding wheel, X seeding wheel, YJ seeding wheel, the standard deviation of plant distance was F seeding wheel, X seeding wheel, YJ seeding wheel; for the same seeding wheels, the order of emergency number of different seeding distance from large to small was 7 cm, 10 cm, 13 cm, the order of standard deviation of plant distance was 7 cm, 10 cm, 13 cm. The emergency number with repression was higher, the plant distance and the standard deviation of plant distance was smaller, and the emergency was more uniform. With the increase of seeding rate and the deacrese of seeding distance, carotenoid content showed a downward trend in the 2nd leaf from top of Jingu 21 at filling stage, and Chl-(a+b) increased first and then decreased; P<inf>n</inf> and G<inf>s</inf> decreased, and Ci increased; &Phi;<inf>PSII</inf>, ETR, NPQ and q<inf>P</inf> had no significant difference; the number of spikes per 667 m² showed an upward trend, and weight of grains per spike showed a downward trend, and the yield increased first and then decreased. With the decrease of seeding rate and the deacrese of seeding distance, other indicators showed opposite trends. The results of Zezhou County was similar to that of Taigu County. Analysis showed that under the condition of the row spacing with 33.3 cm, seeding rate of precision seeder with 2-3 grains, and the seeding distance with 10 cm (X-10), the yield of Jingu 21 was relatively higher. The theoretical yield of Taigu county was 290.04 kg/667 m², the actual yield of Zezhou countywas 242 kg/667 m², and the uniformity of emergency was high, which could achieve the effects of less or no seedling thinning. When the soil moisture is poor, the seeding rate and earth covering and suppression should be increased appropriately, and reducing the seeding distance to ensure the emergency quality.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Electron transport properties - Forestry - Photosynthesis - Pigments - Plants (botany) - Quenching - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Statistics  - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Growth characteristic - Net photosynthetic rate - Non-photochemical quenching - Photochemical efficiency - Photochemical quenching - Photosynthetic characteristics - Photosynthetic electron transport
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 537.1  Heat Treatment Processes - 601.2  Machine Components - 741.1  Light/Optics - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 6.67e+02m2, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.30e-01m, Size 1.80e-03m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-03m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 3.33e-01m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20203209013279
Title:Multi-scale evolution characteristics of rural settlements and spatial correlation in Jiangsu Province, China
Title of translation:&#27743;&#33487;&#30465;&#20065;&#26449;&#32858;&#33853;&#28436;&#21270;&#30340;&#22810;&#23610;&#24230;&#29305;&#24449;&#19982;&#31354;&#38388;&#20851;&#32852;&#24615;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Kong, Xuesong (1, 2); Zhu, Zhiqing (1); Liu, Dianfeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environment Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:247-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rural settlements of people are normally formed based on the geography, blood, and agricultural production. Therefore, the evolution of rural settlements can be used to clarify the special human-land relationship in rural areas, while the spatial correlation between rural settlements and geographical factors can also provide important information for the subsequent scheme of plan and reconstruction. However, there are different features in spatiotemporal differentiation and correlation in different geographical scale during the evolution of rural settlements. Most previous studies usually focused on the evolution features of rural settlements in single medium-micro scale. The multi-scale analysis on evolution of rural settlements and spatial correlation is lacking, particularly on systematical understanding the behind mechanisms. This study aims to investigate the evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Jiangsu Province during 2009 to 2018, using the kernel density analysis, landscape fractal dimension index, and hotspots analysis. The kernel density was used to identify the density change of rural settlements at the provincial level, while the landscape fractal dimension index was used to analyze the shape change of rural settlements at the county level. The area was divided into the grid of 10 km&times;10 km, in order to explore the dynamic change of rural settlements. The loss and gain of rural settlements were presented at the patch level and grid level. Additionally, the relationships between the changes of rural settlements and roads, water bodies, cities, towns, and relief amplitude, were analyzed, and then measured based on spatial access. Getis-Ord Gi* algorithm was used to identify the hotspots of rural settlement change. The results showed that there was a growth rate of 1.35% for the total area of rural settlements, while there was a total loss of rural population, over ten million, indicating an inconsistent condition in the human-land population from 2009 to 2018 in Jiangsu Province. There was a space change in a typical feature with large-scale loss and concentration gain. The density variation in the loss and gain of rural settlements presented a concentration change along the Yangtze River and sea coast. The shapes of rural settlements were in an irregular distribution, particularly on the significant difference in space. The regularity of rural settlements in the southern Jiangsu was better than that in central and northern Jiangsu. Most changes of rural settlements occurred within the scope of over 60 minutes away from the road, water body, city and town. However, it was not observed an obvious spatial access orientation of geographical elements. The changes of rural settlements randomly occurred in the way of self-organization from farmers in the majority counties. The typical hotspots from loss and gain of rural settlements located in Nanjing, while the gain hotspots can also be observed in Nantong. This finding can contribute to understanding the spatiotemporal relationship and farmers' decision-making behavior that involved in the process of rural settlements evolution under socioeconomic transformation period, and thereby to promote regional spatial optimization and reconstruction of rural settlements.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Behavioral research - Decision making - Fractal dimension - Population statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Decision-making behaviors - Evolution characteristics - Landscape fractal dimensions - Socio-economic transformations - Spatial optimization - Spatio-temporal differentiations - Spatio-temporal relationships
Classification code:821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.35e+00%, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20203209013172
Title:Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of environmental parameters of centralized ventilation delivery sows based on WSN
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;WSN&#30340;&#38598;&#20013;&#36890;&#39118;&#24335;&#20998;&#23081;&#29482;&#33293;&#29615;&#22659;&#21442;&#25968;&#26102;&#31354;&#20998;&#24067;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Zeng, Zhixiong (1, 2); Yu, Qiaodong (1); Yi, Ziqi (1); Lyu, Enli (1, 2); Dong, Bing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Enli(enlilv@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:204-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of various environmental parameters of centralized ventilation in pigsties, a centralized ventilated delivery house by numerical simulation in Yunnan province was taken as the test object, and a wireless multi-source and multi-point remote monitoring system (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN) was used to carry out the environmental parameter monitoring test and statistical analysis on the breeding environment of the delivery pigsty. Experimental results showed that during the period of experiment, there were significant differences in temperature between different time periods in the delivery pigsty (P&lt;0.05, the average temperature of Time: 00:00-06:00, 06:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00 and 18:00-00:00 was 22.98, 23.78, 24.44 and 23.61&#8451;), the time periods of 00:00-06:00 and 12:00-00:00 were significantly different from other time periods respectively. There was no significant difference in relative humidity and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration between 12:00-18:00 and 18:00-00:00, but they were significantly different from the other two time periods. The change of NH<inf>3</inf> concentration was significant only during the time period from 12:00 to 18:00 (P&lt;0.01). There were significant differences in the temperature variation among the three areas inside the delivery pigsty (P&lt;0.05), and the average temperature in the area with 35cm horizontal height was the highest (24.26&#8451;) and the most stable (CV=2.14%). There were no significant difference in the change of relative humidity with horizontal height of 90 cm and 35 cm.. The distribution of NH<inf>3</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration in the three areas of the delivery pigsty was also divided into three groups, with significant differences among them (P&lt;0.01). Relative humidity and temperature changed over time negative correlation, the temperature in each area of the piggery can be controlled below a high critical level, the peaks of the relative humidity was 82.31%, the temperature field distribution uniformity was better than humidity field, and the distribution of NH<inf>3</inf> concentration was more uneven than that of CO<inf>2</inf>. NH<inf>3</inf> concentration could be effectively maintained at a low level in the delivery pigsty, the concentration in each monitoring area was far less than the index value (20 mg/m³), but the concentration of CO<inf>2</inf> was at a high level both in time and space. In the plane with a height of 90 cm, the temperature distribution was high in the middle and low in the four sides. The relative humidity tended to be average values in the left area, and the lowest in the right side wall area. NH<inf>3</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> would appear to accumulate at the corner. The temperature humidity index was low, the peak point of average THI (Temperature-humidity Index) inside was 75.30, and the probability of heat stress of pigs was low. In this study, Wireless Sensor Network system was used to conduct remote monitoring of environmental parameters of piggery from multiple sources and multiple points, and the distribution characteristics of environmental parameters of centralized ventilation piggery were analyzed, which provided a reference for the optimal design of environmental control of farrowing house under this ventilation mode.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Wireless sensor networks
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Carbon dioxide - Environmental management - Heating - Humidity control - Mammals - Remote control - Temperature distribution - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - Environmental parameter - Relative humidity and temperatures - Remote monitoring system - Spatial and temporal distribution - Spatiotemporal distributions - Temperature field distribution - Temperature humidity index
Classification code:454.1  Environmental Engineering, General - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.5  Ventilation - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 731.1  Control Systems - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e-05kg/m3, Percentage 8.23e+01%, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20203209013174
Title:Changes of myofibrillar protein oxidation and in vitro digestion in yak meat during air drying
Title of translation:&#20256;&#32479;&#39118;&#24178;&#29286;&#29275;&#32905;&#21152;&#24037;&#20013;&#32908;&#21407;&#32420;&#32500;&#34507;&#30333;&#27687;&#21270;&#19982;&#20307;&#22806;&#28040;&#21270;&#24615;&#21464;&#21270;
Authors:Ma, Jibing (1); Song, Yanyan (1); Zhang, Li (1); Yang, Chao (1); Han, Ling (1); Yu, Qunli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Han, Ling(hltgggyx@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:296-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Air-dried yak meat can be produced by a traditional procedure, where the raw yak meat is divided into strips, then naturally air-drying (about 40 days) under a low temperature condition. This ancient processing is still popular in China at present, particularly on the high altitudes areas (generally over 3 000 m), probably due to the influence of traditional eating habits and inheritance of culture. High-protein yak meat can be used to enhance the resistance of cold climates in these areas. However, the protein digestibility of air-dried yak meat has not been evaluated during traditional processing. Consequently, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in digestibility of myofibrillar protein during the processing of traditional air-dried yak meat, and further to investigate the underlying effect of protein oxidation on protein digestion. Taking the healthy 3 to 4-year-old male yaks as subject, the semimembranosus was selected to remove the fascia and fat on the surface, and then cut into a cross-section of 2&times;2 cm² strip in Gannan prefecture of Gansu province. The meat was hung on the wire, and kept the distance of 1 to 2 cm between two adjacent pieces of meat in a dark ventilated naturally place in Xiahe County, Gannan Prefecture, Gansu Province. The temperature was set as -10 to -15 &#8451;, and the relative humidity was 50% to 75%. During air drying, changes were monitored in lipid oxidation, protein oxidation, protein particle distribution, and in vitro digestibility, in order to explore the effects of lipid and protein oxidation on protein digestibility. Samples were collected to analyze during natural air-drying for 40 days. A model was introduced to simulate the digestion of proteins in the stomach and duodenum, specifically to investigate the nutritional change of the air-dried yak meat in the processing. The results showed that the lipid Primary Oxidation Value (POV), Thiobarbituric Acid Reaction Substrate (TBARS) and protein carbonyl compounds increased dramatically with the extension of processing time (P&lt;0.05), and there was a significant correlation between them (P&lt;0.01). In addition, the content of disulfide bonds and dimeric tyrosine increased significantly (P&lt;0.05), which is the main form of protein cross-linking. The digestibility of protein decreased by 19.58% during the whole process (P&lt;0.05). The hydrolysis rate of protein by protease showed a significant correlation with the carbonyl group, disulfide bond, dimeric tyrosine, and protein particle size (P&lt;0.01). Lipid oxidize products can promote protein oxidation, while the carbonylation and cross-linking of proteins can cause a decrease in protein hydrolysis rate by proteases. This study has a positive role to understand the traditional processing of air-dried yak meat, and further to improve processing technology and quality of yak meat.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Carbonyl compounds - Carbonylation - Covalent bonds - Drying - Hydrolysis - Meats - Oxidation - Particle size - Particle size analysis  - Solar dryers - Sulfur compounds - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:In-vitro digestions - Low temperature conditions - Myofibrillar proteins - Processing technologies - Protein crosslinking - Protein digestibility - Thiobarbituric acid - Traditional processing
Classification code:641.1  Thermodynamics - 801.4  Physical Chemistry - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-01yr, Age 3.00e+00yr to 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.96e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 7.50e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m to 2.00e-02m, Size 3.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20203209013261
Title:Park-level agricultural energy internet: Concept, characteristic and application value
Title of translation:&#22253;&#21306;&#20892;&#19994;&#33021;&#28304;&#20114;&#32852;&#32593;:&#27010;&#24565;, &#29305;&#24449;&#19982;&#24212;&#29992;&#20215;&#20540;
Authors:Fu, Xueqian (1); Zhou, Yazhong (1); Sun, Hongbin (2); Wang, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:152-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The park-level agricultural energy internet has been constructed based on the characteristics of the modern agricultural industrial park. The key problems of park-level agricultural energy internet can be in three aspects: 1) Environment-energy-food synergy security. One of bottleneck problems can be industrial barriers between energy and agriculture. 2) The driving force of agricultural production. Inadequate investment in fixed assets and high energy costs are hindering large-scale agriculture. 3) Intensive and large-scale agricultural production. Cluster agriculture depends on the level of informatization and automation. In the development trends, the park-level agricultural energy internet will gradually realize the deep-level coupling and optimization of heterogeneous energy and agricultural production, while the synergy of agriculture and energy, to promote the development of clean energy but reduce environmental pollution. It is necessary to integrate new energy sources and modern agriculture, to enhance the large-scale operation of agricultural production using new industrial models. The integration of agricultural internet of things (IoTs) and the ubiquitous power IoTs, to shape the intelligent and clustered development of agricultural production. This paper analyzed the development status of park-level agricultural energy internet according to the key problems mentioned before. Then, three typical cases were introduced: One is the use of park-level biomass to achieve the co-production of gas, heat, electricity, and fertilizer; The second is a "complementary of fishery and photovoltaic" industrial model; The third is to achieve intelligent agricultural production through the agricultural Iots. This paper also proposes two key technologies and one operation mode: 1) Agriculture-energy coupling optimization technology. The physical system of park-level agricultural energy internet can be constructed in the way of deep coupling of energy and agriculture, to form the energy structure of "source-net-storage-load". 2) The intelligent technology of agriculture. To form the interaction of ubiquitous power and agricultural Iots, and the information structure of the "perception layer-network layer-platform layer-application layer". 3) Cross-border fusion mode of operation. There is a separation barrier in the mode of the traditional agriculture and energy operation, which can be break via the park-level agriculture energy internet with the cooperation management operation mode, to elevate the agriculture and energy domain trans-boundary fusion. Three features are information sharing, deep coupling, and complementation of production and consumption, with an emphasis on the coupling optimization of multi-energy heterogeneity and agricultural production behavior about industry barriers, meteorological disasters, industrial coupling, cutting-edge technology, and economic cost issues. Finally, the issue has been addressed on the implementation and practice of the framework for the park-level agricultural energy internet.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:60
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Costs - Gas industry - Investments - Network layers
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Cutting edge technology - Environmental pollutions - Information structures - Intelligent technology - Internet of thing (IoTs) - Meteorological disasters - Production and consumption
Classification code:522  Gas Fuels - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20203209013068
Title:Effects of start of injection and inlet pressure on characteristic parameters of RCCI
Title of translation:&#21943;&#27833;&#23450;&#26102;&#19982;&#36827;&#27668;&#21387;&#21147;&#23545;RCCI&#29305;&#24449;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Han, Weiqiang (1, 2); Tian, Xiaocong (1, 2); Li, Qiu (1, 2); Li, Bolun (1, 2); Lu, Yao (1, 2); Pan, Suozhu (1, 2); Zhang, Peng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Automotive Measurement, Control and Safety, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710061, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Peng(276877634@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:30-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to make a reasonable control strategy of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) combustion mode and to explore the influence of different combustion boundary conditions on the combustion and emission characteristics of RCCI, in this paper, a six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine was used to test the RCCI of gasoline / diesel dual fuel under the condition of constant engine speed and gasoline energy Premixing Ratio (PR). The effects and its degree of Start of Injection (SOI) and Inlet Pressure (IP) on gasoline/diesel RCCI combustion and emission characteristics were studied under different Cycle Energy (CE) operating conditions with a fixed gasoline energy PR of 65%. The results indicated that the effects of SOI and IP on all combustion characteristic parameters hardly changed with the increase of CE. For example, the ignition delay increased with the advancement of SOI under different CE. The effects degree of SOI and IP on some combustion characteristic parameters changed with the increase of CE. For example, with the same advancement of SOI (23&#8451;A), the maximum of cumulative heat release was average increased by about 150 J when CE was 885 J, while the maximum of cumulative heat release was average increased by about 250 J when CE was 1 700 J, the effects degree of SOI on maximum of cumulative heat release became greater with the increase of CE. What's more, the adjustment range of IP on the peak average temperature in the cylinder was decreased by about 130 K, when CE increased from 885 to 1 700 J, the effects degree of IP on the peak average temperature in the cylinder became greater with the increase of CE, which indicated that the adjustment capacity of IP on the in-cylinder temperature became stronger. However, the effects degree of SOI and IP on some combustion parameters did not change with the increase of CE, such as the effects degree of SOI and IP on the ignition delay, the increase of the ignition delay was almost the same (about 10&#8451;A) with the advancement of SOI (23&#8451;A) under different CE. What's more, the change of thermal efficiency was almost the same (about 5%) with the advancement of SOI (23&#8451;A) under different CE. Besides, the effects of SOI and IP on the gas emissions, except the CO emission, almost unchanged with the increase of CE. In fact, when CE increased from 885 to 1 700 J, the CO emission decreased continuously. However, the increase of CE changed the effects degree of SOI and IP on some gas emissions, for example, with the same increase of IP by 15 kPa, the HC emission was average increased by about 13.65 g/(kW&bull;h) when CE was 885 J, it remained almost the same with the CE was 1 700 J, that was, the effects degree of IP on the HC emission was greatly reduced with the increase of CE, which indicated that the adjustment capacity of IP on the HC emission became weaker. What's more, with the same increase of IP from 110 to 125 kPa, the NO<inf>x</inf> emission was average decreased by about 1 g/(kW&bull;h) when CE was 885 J, while the NO<inf>x</inf> emission was average decreased by about 4 g/(kW&bull;h) when CE was 1 700 J, that was, the effects degree of IP on the NO<inf>x</inf> emission was slightly increased with the increase of CE, which indicated that the adjustment capacity of IP on the NO<inf>x</inf> emission was slightly enhanced. In addition, the increase of CE changed the effects or its degree on some parameters of particles emission. For example, the effects degree of SOI and IP on the average particle size and number concentration of nuclear particles were both decreased with the increase of CE, which indicated that the adjustment capacity of SOI and IP on the nuclear particles became weaker. On the contrary, the effects or its degree of some parameters of particles emission did not change with the increase of CE. For instance, the impact of SOI on the total mass concentration of particles was almost the same under different CE. The research results can provide data support for making a reasonable control strategy of RCCI combustion mode.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Ignition
Controlled terms:Dual fuel engines - Gas emissions - Gasoline - Nitrogen oxides - Particle size
Uncontrolled terms:Average particle size - Combustion boundaries - Combustion characteristics - Combustion parameters - Cylinder temperatures - Emission characteristics - Heavy-duty diesel engine - Number concentration
Classification code:521.1  Fuel Combustion - 523  Liquid Fuels - 612.1  Internal Combustion Engines, General - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Energy 1.50e+02J, Energy 1.70e+03J, Energy 2.50e+02J, Energy 8.85e+02J to 1.70e+03J, Energy 8.85e+02J, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Pressure 1.10e+05Pa to 1.25e+05Pa, Pressure 1.50e+04Pa, Temperature 1.30e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20203209013243
Title:Information interaction model for flexible production line control system of customized home furnishing
Title of translation:&#23450;&#21046;&#23478;&#23621;&#26580;&#24615;&#21270;&#29983;&#20135;&#32447;&#25511;&#21046;&#31995;&#32479;&#20449;&#24687;&#20132;&#20114;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Zhang, Guoliang (1, 2); Hou, Xiaopeng (3); Cai, Zhenjiang (4); Di, He'an (2); Wang, Yanlong (5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) Hebei ENLEEN Furniture CO. LTD., Xiong'an New Area; 071600, China; (3) Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, CAF, Beijing; 100091, China; (4) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (5) College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Zhenjiang(czj65@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:321-328
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mass Customization (MC) has become the mainstream for home manufacturing industry. However, in many small and medium-sized enterprises, individual work section leads to the stagnation in information transmission, and the incoordination in action, due to different types of control systems and bus. The aim of this research was to establish a kind of data information interaction method to solve these problems. The technological process and function of work sections were analyzed based on the composition of flexible production and intelligent manufacturing of customized home furnishing. In plate-type, several specific sections were chosen to construct the control system model of flexible production line. The applicable hardware modules or software programs were added to incorporate controllers of each section into Modbus TCP/IP protocol. A data information interaction model was be established: firstly to develop a new design using object-oriented programming concept, then to analyze the overall structure of model and details in implementation, finally to instantiate and verify when operating the control system in a flexible production line. The established control system model included seven work sections, such as gantry sorting, RGV carrying, cutting, three-dimensional cashing, banding, punching and last cashing. The controllers and drivers in each section consist of the dominating PLCs and servo systems in control model. Four types of PLCs including Siemens, Schneider, Beckhoff and Delta, and five types of inner driving methods comprising DRIVE-CLiQ, Modbus RTU, high-speed pulse, CANopen and EtherCAT were chosen to set up the whole control system. The data information interaction model was established based on the Modbus TCP/IP bus and class object. All the controllers of work section were set as Modbus TCP/IP Servers, and the global system controller as Client. Five public classes and seven private classes were abstracted in the model. The former consisted of servo motor class, converter motor class, workpiece class, instruction input class, and status output class. The later involved gantry sorting robot class, RGV carriage class, cutting saw class, three-dimensional cashing class, banding line of U type class, punching robot class, and last cashing area class. It was necessary to make attributes and methods that inherited from private parent class and five public classes for building specific work section object. To instantiate data interaction model, it needed to construct mapping relation between attributes of work section object and Modbus register addresses, including starting point, ending point and buffer length. Based on the structures of work section object and redundancy of development, the length of address for each section object was set as 200 words, where the attributes were allocated a definite location. Therefore, writing-in and reading-out of data were carried out according to certain address space, which was operated by a uniform function corresponding to method of work section object. In software of TIA Portal, programming of data interaction method and model was realized by invoking function of MB_CLIENT and modifying input and output parameters. A physical prototype of flexible production line model was tested, where information was successfully transferred among different work sections, and data was interacted among the PLCs by modeling based on Modbus TCP/IP and object-oriented programming. The established model realized data sampling and interaction in a frequency of 5 Hz with interaction accuracy 100%, indicating that the proposed model can be easily transplanted and expanded to meet the process requirement of custom home flexible panel production lines. This finding can provided a potential template of data interaction, and interface technology for the flexible panel production of customize home furnishing.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Object oriented programming
Controlled terms:Control systems - Controllers - Digital storage - Manufacture - Robots - Sorting - Transmission control protocol
Uncontrolled terms:Control system modeling - Flexible production lines - Information interaction - Information transmission - Intelligent Manufacturing - Manufacturing industries - Small and medium sized enterprise - Technological process
Classification code:537.1  Heat Treatment Processes - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1  Computer Programming - 731.1  Control Systems - 731.5  Robotics - 732.1  Control Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 5.00e+00Hz, Percentage 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20203209013089
Title:Detection of leaf diseases of balsam pear in the field based on improved Faster R-CNN
Title of translation:&#25913;&#36827;Faster R-CNN&#30340;&#30000;&#38388;&#33510;&#29916;&#21494;&#37096;&#30149;&#23475;&#26816;&#27979;
Authors:Li, Jiuhao (1); Lin, Lejian (1); Tian, Kai (1); Alaa, Al Aasmi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:179-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Balsam pear is a type of vegetable that is popular with humans, which is rich in crude fiber, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and other nutrients, therefore, it is highly significant for human health, and the cultivated area of balsam pear increases annually, however, it is more susceptible to diseases that affect the quantity and quality of the crop yield. Recently, it was reported that the Balsam pear is exposed to many diseases namely, powdery mildew, gray leaf spot, gummy stem blight, Phyllosticta leaf spot, etc. The aim of the study was an automatic identification method for Balsam pear leaf diseases based on improved Faster R-CNN. 1 204 pictures of balsam pear leaves were photographed under sunlight which included the healthy balsam pear leaf as control and infected leaves with powdery mildew; gray leaf spot; gummy stem blight, and Phyllosticta leaf spot. The data were accumulation and rotating and flipping randomly. Finally, 10 627 pictures were obtained as the experimental groups. The design of the experiment was carried out as 9 564 pictures used as a training group, 1 435 pictures of the training group were used as a detection group. and 1 063 pictures were used as the experimental groups. The residual-structure convolutional neural network, ResNet-50, was used as the feature extraction network of Faster R-CNN. Two classic networks, ZF-Net and VGG-16, were compared to extract features that showed significant results, proving whether the proposed approach performed well or not. The pre-trained ImageNet model for transfer learning was joined to the network, which saved computing and time costs. Feature maps obtained from the feature extraction network were input to the Region proposal network for proposals, which included a series of anchors, scores, classification loss, and bounding-box regression loss. Finally, feature maps and proposals were sent to R-CNN for the ultimate accurate location. The obtained results indicated that the performance of the original model was not good because balsam pear leaf diseases were complicated in color, texture, and shape. The feature extraction networks were likely to miss some diseases of the balsam pear leaf diseases because their forms were tiny, and some took up a few pixels that made it difficult to distinguish diseases. To solve the difficulty of detecting the small targets of balsam pear leaf diseases, Faster R-CNN was modified to increase the different sizes of bounding boxes, along with the introduction of the feature pyramid networks to ResNet-50. Feature pyramid networks helped to extract feature maps from every block in ResNet-50, which contained an accurate location and strong semantic information. Feature pyramid networks then handed it over to the Region proposal network to get more accurate proposals to make object recognition. As a result, the experiment showed that the performance of the trained model using the original ResNet-50 was better than that used ZF-Net or VGG-16 as a feature extraction network, and the mean average precision was 78.85%. The average precision of healthy balsam pear leaves, powdery mildew, gray leaf spot, gummy stem blight, and Phyllosticta leaf spot were 88.24%, 75.73%, 51.75%, 72.00% and 72.15%, respectively. The mean average precision for the feature pyramid networks' final model was 0.863 9, which is 7.54% higher than before. The average precision of healthy balsam pear leaves, powdery mildew, gray leaf spot, gummy stem blight, and Phyllosticta leaf spot were 89.24%, 81.48%, 83.31%, 88.62%, and 89.24%, respectively, and the average precision of gray leaf spot increased the stain by more than 16%. Detection time reached 0.322 s/frame, ensuring real-time detection. This method was characterized by good durability and high accuracy to detect diseases of balsam pear leaf diseases in a complex natural environment and had important research significance for the prevention of melon and fruit diseases.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Automation - Extraction - Feature extraction - Fruits - Fungi - Object recognition - Semantics - Textures - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Design of the experiment - Experimental groups - Gummy stem blight - Natural environments - Real-time detection - Research significances - Residual structure - Semantic information
Classification code:731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 5.18e+01%, Percentage 7.20e+01%, Percentage 7.22e+01%, Percentage 7.54e+00%, Percentage 7.57e+01%, Percentage 7.88e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.82e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 8.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20203209013242
Title:Analysis of water demand for channel forming and sediment transport in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia
Title of translation:&#40644;&#27827;&#19978;&#28216;&#20869;&#33945;&#21476;&#27827;&#27573;&#22609;&#27133;&#36755;&#27801;&#38656;&#27700;&#37327;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Lu, Jun (1); Ma, Liming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Liming(605094026@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:123-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Health of a river mainly depends on water demand for channel forming and sediment transport, particularly on the rational allocation of water resources in alluvial river. In this paper, energy balance equation was used to investigate the energy dissipation of sediment-carrying water flow, and distribution mode for water flow channel forming and sediment-carrying energy in the Upper Reaches of Yellow River in Inner Mongolia. Energy dissipated in alluvial river can be divided into two parts: one is to form a certain scale of river channel against boundary resistance of riverbed; another for transporting sediment. Silting or scouring of the riverbed during transportation can be an inherent indicator for the energy balance of water flow. Combined with the characteristics of flow and sediment movement in alluvial rivers, a complex relationship was proposed including the bank full discharge, the incoming sediment load, and the amount of scour and silting, in order to determine the water demand for channel forming and sediment transport. A calculation method was used to present the water demand for channel forming and sediment transport in a state of scour and silting in alluvial river. A calculation equation of water demand for channel forming and sediment transport was also established based on the measured data of the Inner Mongolia Reaches from 1960 to 2013. The calculated results showed that the incoming sediment load into the Inner Mongolia reaches was 70-110 million tons in flood season, and the water demand required for channel forming and sediment transport was 9.46-14.12 billion m³, providing that the silting ratio in these reaches was controlled below 30%, and a median water river channel in a scale of 2 000-3 000 m³/s. The water demand for channel forming and sediment transport mainly depends on incoming sediment loads, scales of river channels, and various levels of silting. In the case of the water demand higher required for channel forming and sediment transport, three trends can be obtained, including that, 1) the silting ratio can be lower control in an incoming sediment load and same scale of median water river channel; 2) the scale of median water river channel can be larger in an incoming sediment load and same silting ratio controlled, and 3) the incoming sediment load in flood season can be higher in the same silting ratio controlled and requirement on scale of median water river channel. There was agreement with the calculation results and the variation law of the water demand for channel forming and sediment transport of the Inner Mongolia reach, and the energy dissipation of alluvial rivers as well. The change law of water demand was obtained for channel forming and sediment transport under various conditions of sediment level, river channel scales and siltation levels. The findings can provide a sound technical support for the regulation of water resources in the Upper Reaches of Yellow River in Inner Mongolia.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Energy balance - Energy dissipation - Floods - Flow of water - Hydraulics - Scour - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Silt
Uncontrolled terms:Boundary resistance - Calculation results - Complex relationships - Distribution modes - Energy balance equations - In-coming sediments - Sediment movement - Technical support
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.4  Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20203209013164
Title:Adaptability of precipitation estimation method based on TRMM data combined with partial least squares downscaling in different landforms of Xinjiang, China
Title of translation:TRMM&#20559;&#26368;&#23567;&#20108;&#20056;&#38477;&#23610;&#24230;&#38477;&#27700;&#27169;&#22411;&#22312;&#26032;&#30086;&#19981;&#21516;&#22320;&#35980;&#30340;&#36866;&#24212;&#24615;
Authors:Ning, Shan (1); Zhang, Zhengyong (1); Liu, Lin (1); Zhou, Hongwu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhengyong(zyz0815@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High-resolution precipitation data is beneficial to describe the spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics of regional precipitation. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using partial least squares downscaling method to improve the spatial resolution of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) data for estimating precipitation in different landform regions of Xinjiang, China (73&deg;40'-96&deg;23'E, 34&deg;22'-49&deg;10'N). The spatial resolution of remote sensing data was increased from 0.25&deg;&times;0.25&deg; to 250 m&times;250 m based on multi-source remote sensing data and meteorological station data, by introducing environmental factors such as relative humidity, topography, and latitude and longitude, and constructing a partial least squares downscaling model. The accuracy of precipitation estimation before and after downscaling was compared, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of precipitation in Xinjiang and its responses to topography and geomorphology were discussed. The results showed that the original TRMM could estimate precipitation well for the whole Xinjiang and mountain and plain areas of Xinjiang. However, the estimation accuracy in basin was low. Compared with that of the original TRMM value, the accuracy of precipitation estimation was improved by the partial least squares downscaling model with the coefficient of determination (R²) increased from 0.74 to 0.85 and the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 0.26 mm. Moreover, the estimation after downscaling solved the problems of overestimation in the areas with low precipitation values and underestimation in the areas with high precipitation values. By downscaling method, the accuracy of precipitation estimation in stations at different altitudes and topography in the Urumqi River Basin was improved greatly. Compared to that before downscaling, the R² increased from 0.06-0.91 to 0.39-0.95 and the RMSE decreased from 0.20-0.44 mm to 0.18-0.40 mm. It indicated that the downscaling method used for TRMM data was reliable in estimating precipitation in different altitudes and topography. The annual precipitation in different landform areas of Xinjiang was the highest in the areas with medium high mountain, followed by those with extremely high mountain, high mountain, low mountain, medium mountain, plain and basin. The ratio of area of basin, plain and mountainous was about 1:1.6:2.5. The precipitation in the areas with medium high mountain mainly occurred from June to September. The rich precipitation in low-altitude mountain areas and plain areas was from May to August and during this period the precipitation distribution was relatively uniform. For example, the months with the least precipitation in low mountain areas were only 10% less than the months with the most precipitation. The spatial distribution pattern of precipitation in Xinjiang was characterized by more in the north and less in the South. The multi-year average monthly precipitation in the northern of the Altai Mountains was higher than 20 mm, while the precipitation in the southeast of Tarim Basin and Tu-Ha Basin was little. In the study area, two obvious precipitation peak areas in each mountain (mountain group) were observed, however the height and scale of each mountain were different. Thus, the altitude of the peak area was different. The results can provide a valuable method to estimate regional precipitation for areas with scarce meteorological stations.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Precipitation (meteorology)
Controlled terms:Geomorphology - Image resolution - Landforms - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Rain gages - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Partial least square (PLS) - Precipitation distribution - Precipitation estimation - Root mean square errors - Spatial distribution patterns - Temporal and spatial distribution - Tropical rainfall measuring missions
Classification code:443.2  Meteorological Instrumentation - 443.3  Precipitation - 481.1  Geology - 481.1.1  Geomorphology - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 1.80e-04m to 4.00e-04m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-04m to 4.40e-04m, Size 2.60e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20203209013282
Title:Optimization of township land use using improved CoMOLA model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25913;&#36827;CoMOLA&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#38215;&#22495;&#22303;&#22320;&#21033;&#29992;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Zhang, Mengzhen (1, 2); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2, 3); Han, Bo (1, 2); Liang, Xinyuan (1, 2); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Jiangsu Provincial Technical Engineering Center for Land Development and Consolidation, Nanjing; 210023, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:257-267
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The comprehensive land consolidation is an important channel to enhance the efficiency of rural land use for the implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Therefore, the type optimization of land use and land management can be focused, in order to guide the specific methods of land plan. In this study, a Constrained Multi-objective Optimization of Land-use Allocation (CoMOLA) model was constructed from the aspects of transformation conditions, area constraints, benefit calculation, with the advantage of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II in evolution simulation, global search and other multi-objective decision. Law of the primate city was introduced to strengthen the model, while the typical research areas were selected for case analysis. The improved CoMOLA model and the different development scenarios were proposed to simulate the land use and management allocation, and the intermediate results can also be used to identify possible land conflicts in future. The results showed that: 1) Under the economic priority scenario, the economic benefits of study area increased by 12.33% over the base period, but it would come at the cost of certain ecological benefits and production output, which reduced by 11.41% and 3.73%, respectively. Under the ecological priority scenario and production priority scenario, the ecological benefit and production output increased by 51.68% and 11.63% respectively. The economic benefits decreased by 8.34% and 10.18% under these two scenarios, respectively. Each benefit can be improved in the given scenario. 2) The quantity and spatial structure of land use showed a certain polarization trend in all three scenarios, and the absolute conflict plot area was 1.98%, 3.12% and 1.71%, respectively. In practical application, it is necessary to combine multiple factors, such as development goal, and conflict identification, further to make development plans according to local conditions. The improved CoMOLA model can be suitable to optimize land use allocation, and meet the spatiotemporal characteristics of land use. The intermediate result, including Pareto optimal solution set, can be used as the basic data for the conflict identification of land development. A rational optimization plan for land use and land management can be expected to achieved, when combining simulation and conflict identification. This research can provide a new method for multi-objective optimization under the guidance of comprehensive land consolidation.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Constrained optimization - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Genetic algorithms - Multiobjective optimization - Pareto principle - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Constrained multi-objective optimizations - Development scenarios - Land use and managements - Multiobjective decision - Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm - ii - Pareto optimal solutions - Rational optimization - Spatiotemporal characteristics
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 961  Systems Science - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+00%, Percentage 1.98e+00%, Percentage 3.12e+00%, Percentage 3.73e+00%, Percentage 5.17e+01%, Percentage 8.34e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20203209013247
Title:Design and optimization of segmented threshing device of combine harvester for rice and wheat
Title of translation:&#31291;&#40614;&#32852;&#21512;&#25910;&#33719;&#26426;&#20998;&#27573;&#24335;&#33073;&#31890;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Teng, Yuejiang (1); Jin, Chengqian (1, 2); Chen, Yanpu (1); Liu, Peng (1); Yin, Xiang (1); Wang, Ting'en (1); Yu, Kang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Chengqian(412114402@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-12
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To solve the problems of low removal rate and incomplete separation for the current longitudinal-axial-flow combined harvester in the case of harvesting rice and wheat, a segmented longitudinal-axial-flow threshing device was designed in this paper. The threshing device mainly comprised a tapered threshing roller, a concave sieve with adjustable threshing strength, a 360&deg; separation device and an electric control system for operating parameters. Through the single factor tests, the optimal switching states of the concave sieve with adjustable threshing strength for rice and wheat threshing was obtained respectively. In order to find out the influence rule of the working parameters of the device on the threshing effects and the optimal parameter combination, the multi-objective optimization tests were carried out. The rotational speed of roller, the angle of deflector, the threshing gap of concave sieve, the separation gap of concave sieve and the feeding rate were selected as the influence factors and the crushing rate, impurity rate and loss rate were selected as the test indexes. The test results showed that the significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on the crushing rate was the rotational speed of roller, the threshing gap of concave sieve, the angle of deflector, the feeding rate, the separation gap of concave sieve. The significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on impurity rate was the rotational speed of roller, the angle of deflector, the threshing gap of concave sieve, the feeding rate, the separation gap of concave sieve. The significant sequence of influence of threshing parameters on loss rate was the rotational speed of roller, the angle of deflector, the threshing gap of concave sieve, the feeding rate, the separation gap of concave sieve. Through multi-objective parameter optimization analysis, the optimal working parameters combination for wheat threshing were determined that the rotational speed of roller was 905 r/min, the angle of deflector was 69&deg;, the threshing gap of concave sieve was 18 mm, the separation gap of concave sieve was 19 mm and the feeding rate was 4 kg/s. The field verification tests were carried out using the optimal working parameters combination. The results indicated that the crushing rate was reduced from 1. 46% to 1. 00%, the impurity rate was reduced from 1.85% to 1.43% and the loss rate was reduced from 1.72% to 1.20% compared with the conventional longitudinal-axial-flow threshing device. All the relative errors between the measured values and the optimized values were less than 5%, the working indicators met the requirements of relevant national standards. The device effectively solved the problems of high crushing rate, unclean threshing and incomplete separation, the research results can provide reference for the structural improvement and operation parameters optimization of the threshing device of longitudinal-axial-flow combined harvester.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Axial flow - Crushing - Feeding - Harvesters - Multiobjective optimization - Rollers (machine components) - Sieves - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Electric control system - Field verifications - Multi-objective parameter optimizations - Operating parameters - Operation parameters - Optimal parameter combinations - Structural improvements
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 4.00e+00kg/s, Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 1.72e+00% to 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.85e+00% to 1.43e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 9.05e+02RPM, Size 1.80e-02m, Size 1.90e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20203209013138
Title:Design and experiment of sowing depth control device of potato planter
Title of translation:&#39532;&#38083;&#34223;&#25773;&#31181;&#26426;&#25773;&#28145;&#35843;&#25511;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Lyu, Jinqing (1); Yang, Xiaohan (1); Feng, Xue (1); Li, Zihui (1); Li, Jicheng (1); Liu, Zhongyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:13-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanization level of potato planting determines the increase of potato production. However, the potato planting areas mostly distribute in the hilly and mountainous regions in the southwest China. Planting mode varies with the diverse landforms, such as lateral and vertical slopes, in small agricultural machinery, even artificially planted, particularly on the scattered plots in irregular shape. The imported potato planters have shown a high level of intelligence and precision, due to the use of some advanced technologies, such as automatic control, hydraulic system for seed supply, seeding electronic monitoring. In most planters, the sowing depth of seeding monomer can be adjusted according to the profile of monomer in large multi-row (more than 4 lines). Unfortunately, the large-scale adjustment of the sowing depth during seeding cannot be suitable for small plots and the hilly mountainous areas of China. Since small-scale potato planters suitable for hilly mountain areas mainly depend on the overall profile of ground wheel, the application of seeding monomer profile is also lacking, as well the consistency of sowing depth. Therefore, the level of mechanization for potato planting is posing a great challenge on the yield of potatoes in hilly areas. In this study, a new type of control device for sowing depth was designed in potato planter, where the structure parameters of key components include the length of profiling mechanism, traction angle, lateral width, and spring stiffness, together with the configuration of profiling wheel, and the structure of opener. The theoretical structural parameters of the device were also determined to examine the consistency of sowing depth in potato planters. A stability model of trenching depth was used to establish the motion law of profiling unit in potato planter. In the field test, the key factors were obtained for the stability of trenching depth. Test factors can be selected including the initial traction angle, spring stiffness and machine operating speed. The qualification index and variation coefficient of ditch depth were chosen as test evaluation indexes. The combination of quadratic orthogonal rotation was used to test the level range of influence factors for the stability of the sowing depth. An optimization has been performed on the effects of various factors on the ditch consistency of the uniform test device. The optimized motion parameters in the device were obtained to meet the consistency of the sowing depth. The optimum operation parameters in potato sowing can be achieved, where the ditch depth qualification index is 96.6% and the ditch depth variation coefficient is 8.9%, when the working speed is 1 m/s, the initial traction angle is 0&deg;, and the spring stiffness is 10 N/mm. These findings can provide a new design reference to regulate the sowing depth of planters in potato seedlings.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Automation - Compressive strength - Depth profiling - Hydraulic equipment - Mechanization - Monomers - Stiffness - Structural design  - Testing - Traction control - Trenching - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Advanced technology - Electronic monitoring - Mountainous regions - Quadratic orthogonal rotation - Small agricultural machineries - Structural parameter - Structure parameter - Variation coefficient
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 601  Mechanical Design - 601.2  Machine Components - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 632.2  Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.2  Control System Applications - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.90e+00%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Surface_Tension 1.00e-02N*m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20203209013058
Title:Evaporation and its influencing factors in farmland soil in the arid region of Northwest China
Title of translation:&#35199;&#21271;&#24178;&#26097;&#21306;&#20892;&#30000;&#22303;&#22756;&#33976;&#21457;&#37327;&#21450;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#23376;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wu, Youjie (1, 2); Du, Taisheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Du, Taisheng(dutaisheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:110-116
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Micro-lysimeter, as a simple and effective method, has been widely used to measure soil evaporation. However, there are still some controversies in its manufacture and application. The objective of this paper is to explore the applicability of micro-lysimeter in measuring soil evaporation under the conditions of bare soil and film mulching in the arid region of Northwest China, and to further analyze the main influencing factors of soil evaporation. The evaporations of bare soil and with plastic film mulch were measured by several micro-lysimeter methods, and sap flow combined with soil water balance method (E(F-B)) was conducted to compare and verify the results. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was used to evaluate the main factors affecting soil evaporation, and the contribution rates of different factors to soil evaporation were obtained. Results showed it is feasible to measure evaporation of bare soil by micro-lysimeter. The measured results of micro-lysimeters with back cover (sealed) and with gauze cover (unsealed) were similar. The linear relationship between them was E<inf>(unsealed)</inf>=1.008E<inf>(sealed)</inf> (R²=0.876 1, P&lt;0.05), The linear relationship between measured results of micro-lysimeters with and without soil replacement was E<inf>(no soil replacement)</inf>=0.919E<inf>(soil replacement)</inf> (R²=0.890 1, P&lt;0.05). Those are suggested that micro-lysimeter with gauze cover (unsealed) and without soil replacement should be adopted in arid areas of Northwest China, since its simplicity, economy and little damage to farmland compared with other micro-lysimeter methods. Evaporation measured by traditional method of 'evaporation determined by bare soil micro-lysimeter multiplied by hole rate' (E (LB&times;HR) was significantly lower than that in the field with plastic film mulch, and the daily evaporation approached 0. There were no significant difference in evaporations measured by micro-lysimeter between with plastic film hole (E(LM)) and bared soil (E(LB)) method, and their average values were 0.96 and 1.24 mm/d, respectively, during the maize whole growth period. It was found that there was a big deviation between E (F-B) and E (LM) method, indicating that the soil evaporation is still large although the farmland is covered with plastic film, which further proves that it is wrong in traditional concepts that the evaporation can be neglected under the condition of plastic film mulching. Although measured evaporation in bare soil using micro-lysimeters was feasible, there would be some deviation using the method in the field with plastic film mulch. Thus evaporation through little mulch hole (0.5%-5.0%) was relative high (1.02 mm/d) and it should not be ignored. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method has been applied in many disciplines and is an effective method to solve the collinearity of independent variables. In this study, contribution rates of different influencing factors to soil evaporation were obtained using PLS method. The contribution values of main influencing factors with Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) values above 0.8 from high to low in order were: soil water content, solar radiation, leaf area index, hole rate, temperature, and the contribution rates were 23.9%, 18.3%, 17.0%, 14.5% and 13.9%, respectively.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Evaporation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Farms - Least squares approximations - Lysimeters - Plastic films - Soil moisture - Soil surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Contribution values - Independent variables - Linear relationships - Partial least square (PLS) - Plastic film mulching - Soil water balance - Soil water content - Variable importances
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 817.1  Polymer Products - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 943.3  Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 2.39e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-01% to 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20203209013165
Title:Improving nutrition value of the defatted adlay water extract by using fermentation with enzyme
Title of translation:&#33740;&#37238;&#21327;&#21516;&#22788;&#29702;&#25552;&#39640;&#33073;&#33026;&#34191;&#31859;&#27700;&#25552;&#21462;&#28082;&#33829;&#20859;&#20215;&#20540;
Authors:Xu, Lei (1); Wang, Qingshuang (1); Gao, Shan (1); Dai, Yuqi (1); Wang, Xiaole (1); Chen, Xiaoming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an; 223003, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xiaoming(angle_emmily@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:303-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf), a type of grass crop mainly planted in Asian countries, has long been served as food and traditional Chinese medicine. Adlay oil can be extracted from adlay seeds with many health benefits. As a by-product of oil processing, defatted adlay still contains considerable amount of health bioactives, such as protein and phenolic compounds. However, defatted adlay is currently used for the diets of fish and cattle, even directly discarded as waste. In this study, an attempt was made to utilize the potential value of defatted adlay. An experiment has been conduct to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei fermentation with different protease addition on the titratable acid, reducing sugar, total phenolic content, molecular weight distribution of peptide, amino acid composition, antioxidant activity, tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of defatted adlay water extract. Compared with the single fermentation, fermentation with enzyme addition can significantly improve the protein degradation, and produce low molecular weight protein, peptide, and amino acids. The addition of papain during fermentation showed the best degradation of adlay protein. The contents of titratable acid, reducing sugar and total phenolic in the water extract of defatted adlay fermented with enzyme addition were 5.04-7.38 mg/mL, 5.81-14.32 mg/mL, and 152.35-327.32 &mu;g/mL, respectively, indicating significant higher than those without enzyme addition (P&lt;0.05). In five proteases, fermentation with acid protease showed the highest increase in titratable acid and total phenolic content, while fermentation with neutrase addition showed the highest increase in reducing sugar content. After fermentation with enzyme addition, the proportion of small peptide remarkably increased (P&lt;0.05), while the proportion of big peptide decreased. The peptides with molecular weight over 5000 Da in the water extract of non-fermented adlay accounted for 15.37%, and it decreased to 5.07% after single fermentation. However, it was just 0.83%-3.27% in the water extract of adlay fermented with enzyme addition. The proportion of peptides with molecular weight between 180-500 Da increased from 20.45% to 27.45% after single fermentation, and it further increased to 32.49%-50.45% after fermentation with enzyme addition. The contents of free amino acids in the water extract ranged from 1574.13 to 3292.60 &mu;g/mL after fermentation with enzyme addition, indicating higher than that of unfermented (69.99 &mu;g/mL) and single fermentation (409.01 &mu;g/mL) (P&lt;0.05). After fermentation with enzyme addition, the ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to nonessential amino acids (NEAA) reached 0.73-1.17, showing higher than that of unfermented (0.54) and single fermentation (0.67) (P&lt;0.05). Fermentation with enzyme addition substantially augmented FRAP and ABTS values of water extract, while FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and ABTS (ABTS radical cation scavenging activity) values ranged from 0.439 to 0.629 &mu;mol/mL, and from 0.514 to 0.683 &mu;mol/mL, respectively. The inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase reached 52.3%-58.1%, and 36.7%-41.5%, respectively, after fermentation with enzyme addition, indicating significantly higher than those of the single fermentation (P&lt;0.05). The findings demonstrated that fermentation with enzyme addition can significantly improve the nutritional value of defatted adlay water extract, where papain was the optimum.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Antioxidants - Extraction - Medicine - Molecular weight distribution - Nutrition - Oils and fats - Papain - Peptides - Petroleum industry
Uncontrolled terms:Amino acid compositions - Anti-oxidant activities - Essential amino acids - Ferric reducing antioxidant power - Low molecular weight proteins - Scavenging activities - Total phenolic content - Traditional Chinese Medicine
Classification code:461  Bioengineering and Biology - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.52e-01kg/m3 to 3.27e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.57e+00kg/m3 to 3.29e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.09e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.04e+00kg/m3 to 7.38e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.81e+00kg/m3 to 1.43e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.00e-02kg/m3, Molar_Concentration 4.39e-01mol/m3 to 6.29e-01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 5.14e-01mol/m3 to 6.83e-01mol/m3, Percentage 1.54e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+01% to 2.74e+01%, Percentage 3.25e+01% to 5.05e+01%, Percentage 3.67e+01% to 4.15e+01%, Percentage 5.07e+00%, Percentage 5.23e+01% to 5.81e+01%, Percentage 8.30e-01% to 3.27e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20203209013087
Title:Forecast method for the first flowering date of Dangshansu pear based on random forest algorithm and meteorological factors
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#38543;&#26426;&#26862;&#26519;&#31639;&#27861;&#21644;&#27668;&#35937;&#22240;&#23376;&#30340;&#30720;&#23665;&#37221;&#26792;&#22987;&#33457;&#26399;&#39044;&#25253;
Authors:Li, De (1); Chen, Wentao (1); Le, Zhangyan (2); Fan, Xiaoling (3); Sun, Yi (1); Meng, Yating (1); Yang, Jian (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Suzhou Meteorological Bureau of Anhui Province, Suzhou; 234000, China; (2) Langfang Meteorological Bureau of Hebei Province, Langfang; 065000, China; (3) Dangshan Meteorological Office of Anhui Province, Dangshan; 235300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:143-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate prediction of first flowering dates is an important basis for the flower management and blossom festival activities of Dangshansu pear. Used to linear trend analysis, the phenological and meteorological data of Dangshansu pear were used to analyze the annual fluctuation trend of blossom from 1983 to 2018. Correlation analysis was used to screen the key meteorological factors affecting the first flowering dates and the characteristic variable set was formed according to different forecast dates. The random forest algorithm (RF) was used to construct a daily rolling prediction model of the first flowering dates. Starting from March 11th to March 25th, the random forest algorithm (RF) was used to train one forecast model every day to realize the daily rolling weather forecast of the blossom period. The results showed that: 1) The first flowering date from 1983 to 2018 showed an extremely significant advanced trend (P&lt;0.001), about 2.750 days earlier in every 10a. 2) Among the 16 daily weather forecasting models, a total of 200 meteorological factors were closely related to the first flowering date. There were the average temperature from mid- February to late February, the average temperature from mid- February to early March, the average temperature from mid- February to mid-March, the average temperature from early- March to mid-March, the average minimum temperature of late February and mid-March, the average max temperature of middle and late February, the active accumulated temperature of the days before flowering in different periods &ge;0&#8451; and &ge;3&#8451;, and the effective accumulated temperature of the days before flowering in different periods &ge;3&#8451;, &ge;5&#8451; and &ge;7.2&#8451;. The correlation coefficient |r| was between 0.469-0.789. Among them, the closer the accumulated temperature of different boundary effect variables were to the early and late flowering period, the higher the correlation degree was. 3) From March 10th to March 25 ^th, a total of 16 beginning flowering day by day forecast model of training set and test set. Among them, 11 feature variables were included in 10 models from March 10 to 19, and 15 feature variables were included in six models from March 20th to 25th. The average accuracy (N<inf>d</inf>) of the training set and the test set of the weather forecasting model were 92.9% and 75.5% respectively. Their mean Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were 1.693-2.870 and 2.240-7.237. Their mean decision coefficients (R²) were 0.891 and 0.701 respectively. From March 10th to March 25th, the determination coefficients of each model test set and training set of meteorological forecast gradually increased as the forecast date approached the actual blossom period. 4) Among the experimental weather forecasts for 2019, the prediction accuracy of 16 weather forecasting models was relatively high, among which the prediction values of the nine forecast days starting from March 17 and following were completely consistent with the actual conditions. This study showed that the RF algorithm had a certain operational application potential in the daily weather forecast of pear blossom period. The forecast accuracy basically reached the demand of sufficient weather service.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Decision trees - Fruits - Mean square error - Meteorology - Predictive analytics - Random forests
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Correlation coefficient - Determination coefficients - Meteorological factors - Operational applications - Random forest algorithm - Root mean square errors - Weather forecasting model
Classification code:443  Meteorology - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.53e-03yr, Percentage 7.55e+01%, Percentage 9.29e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20203209013063
Title:Influences of lactic acid bacteria producing lipase on fatty acids of mutton fermented sausage
Title of translation:&#20135;&#33026;&#32938;&#37238;&#20083;&#37240;&#33740;&#23545;&#32650;&#32905;&#21457;&#37237;&#39321;&#32928;&#33026;&#32938;&#37240;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Kaiping (1); Tian, Jianjun (2); Jing, Zhibo (2, 3); Cao, Kaihui (2); Ma, Muran (2); Ma, Junjie (2); Jin, Ye (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Business Vocational College, Hohhot; 010070, China; (2) Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (3) Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Co. Ltd., Hohhot; 010110, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Jianjun(imaut@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-320
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lipase can determine the accumulation and production of flavor substances in most meat processing. The lipase-producing strains were often added in fermented meat products, in order to improve the flavor of products. In this study, the lactic acid bacteria was screened to investigate the influence of this strain on fatty acids of fermented sausage, due to its high lipase-producing ability. The lipase-producing activity of lactic acid bacteria usually depends on the size of the transparent circle that produced from the decomposition of tributyrin during the metabolism. Meanwhile, it is necessary to combine the variation in expression level of lipase genes Lip0069 and Lip0893. The lactic acid bacteria with high lipase production ability were selected and fermented to produce fermented sausage. The natural fermentation ZR group and the addition of lipolytic enzyme M group were used as control. Samples were taken on 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 days to analyze the effects of lactic acid bacteria at different fermentation stages on fatty acid composition in fermented sausages. The results showed that among the 10 strains, 6 strains produced lipase during metabolism of which Lactobacillus helveticus, TR1-1-3 had the strongest activity of producing enzyme (P&lt;0.05), and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection showed that the expression levels of lipase genes Lip0069 and Lip0893 in strain TR1-1-3 were the highest. The effect of Lactobacillus on fatty acid composition of fermented sausage showed that during the sausage was fermented, dried, matured and refrigerated at 4&#8451; There were 34 fatty acids that detected in the experimental group of fermented sausage, including 16 kinds of Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA), 9 kinds of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), and 9 kinds of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA). The high content of SFA was mainly composed of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), during the low-temperature cold storage at 4&#8451;, the SFA content in the natural fermentation ZR group and the added starter TR1-1-3 group decreased in the proportion of fatty acids, while the M group added with enzyme preparations increased, and the SFA ratio in other groups did not change significantly (P&gt;0.05). The high contents of MUFA were mainly oleic acid (C18:1C9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), and tetradecenoic acid (C14:1). The PUFA with high content included linoleic acid (C18:2C9), linolenic acid (C18:3N6, C18:3N3), arachidonic acid (C20:4), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA). After two days of fermentation in experimental group TR1-1-3 and ZF22, the content of MUFA increased significantly (P&lt;0.05), compared with that of nontreatment. The content of MUFA in the five experimental groups reached the peak on the 12th day, and the increasing proportion of TR1-1-3 was the highest, indicating that there was a significantly different from the experimental group ZR, M (P&lt;0.05). The PUFA content of experimental group TR1-1-3 changed significantly after two days of fermentation (P&lt;0.05). After 12 days, the PUFA content of experimental group TR1-1-3 remarkably increased by 54.17%, and there was a significant difference compared with other experimental groups (P&lt;0.05). The content of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in all experimental groups showed an upward trend from 0 to 12 days, and the trend of 12 to 24 d changed slowly. The results demonstrated that Lactic acid bacteria TR1-1-3 can reduce the proportion of SFA in fatty acids in meat products, while can significantly accelerate the increase rate, and content of MUFA and PUFA. This finding can provide a promising prospect to improve the fat characteristics of sausage and other fermented meat products.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Monounsaturated fatty acids
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Cold storage - Enzyme activity - Fermentation - Genes - Lactic acid - Linoleic acid - Meats - Metabolism - Palmitic acid  - Polymerase chain reaction - Polyunsaturated fatty acids - Saturated fatty acids - Starters - Strain - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Docosahexaenoic acid - Enzyme preparation - Experimental groups - Fatty acid composition - Fermented sausages - Heptadecenoic acid - Lactic acid bacteria - Lactobacillus helveticus
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9  Biology - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 644.3  Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 801.2  Biochemistry - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 0.00e+00yr to 3.29e-02yr, Age 3.29e-02yr, Age 6.58e-02yr, Percentage 5.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20203209013296
Title:Rapid detection of citrus Huanglongbing based on chlorophyll fluorescence imaging technology
Title of translation:&#21494;&#32511;&#32032;&#33639;&#20809;&#25104;&#20687;&#25216;&#26415;&#19979;&#30340;&#26577;&#27224;&#40644;&#40857;&#30149;&#24555;&#36895;&#35786;&#26029;
Authors:Weng, Haiyong (1, 2); He, Chengcheng (1, 2); Xu, Jinchai (1, 2); Liu, Lang (1, 2); Qing, Jiaxing (1, 2); Wan, Liang (3); Ye, Dapeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Fuzhou; 310002, China; (3) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Dapeng(ydp@fafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:196-203
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) was considered as the 'cancer' of citrus trees with highly contagious that had caused a significant economic loss to the citrus industry. The research was aimed to investigate the changes of the photosynthetic response of the absorption, partition, and utilization of excited energy to the HLB infection as well as to develop a method to rapidly detect HLB disease. Chlorophyll fluorescence images of citrus leaves with different infected stages collected from a commercial orchard were measured using a Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence imaging system. The starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose within leaves in different infected stages were also determined for carbohydrate metabolic analysis. Results showed an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism with an accumulation of starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in HLB infected leaves. It showed a high correlation between the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism and the infection of HLB disease based on Pearson correlation analysis. Among 98 different chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to the functional and structural information of Photosystem II (PSII), the parameters of the minimum fluorescence, the ratio of variable fluorescence to minimum fluorescence, the maximum quantum yield of PSII and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation presented relatively high sensitivity to HLB pathogen infection by analyzing the loading coefficient of principle component1 based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Compared with healthy leaves, the minimum fluorescence increased in HLB infected ones, while the ratio of variable fluorescence to minimum fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII decreased. The increasing value of minimum fluorescence in HLB infected leaves indicted a structural alternation at the PSII pigment level, while the decreasing values of the ratio of variable fluorescence to minimum fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII in HLB infected leaves implied a decreasing number of active photosynthetic centers in the chloroplasts and lower photosynthesis efficiency of PSII. The pathogen of Huanglongbing changed the photosynthetic energy partitioning in citrus leaves due to decreasing the quantum yield of PSII but increasing the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation. The increasing value of the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation in HLB infected leaves demonstrated irreversible damage to PSII after suffering from the HLB pathogen attack. The modification of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics indicated a disfunction of PSII in HLB infected leaves. Additionally, the chlorophyll parameters provided a good ability to predict starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose content in citrus leaves based on the Random Forest regression model. The highest values of coefficient of determination of prediction set were 0.90, 0.84, 0.85 and 0.82 with the Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD) of 3.43, 2.50, 2.57 and 2.39 for starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, respectively, after optimizing the parameters (the number of trees and the number of trees) of the random forest regression model. The chlorophyll parameters were then used to build a random forest discriminant model to identify HLB disease, which achieved a good detecting performance with the overall accuracies of 100% and 97.50% for calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The detecting performance based on the machine learning method using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was equivalent to that using carbohydrate metabolic fingerprints (the contents of starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in citrus leaves with the overall accuracies of 100% and 98.75% for calibration set and prediction set, respectively. The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll fluorescence imaging could be used for nondestructive citrus Huanglongbing disease detection, and could provide a guideline for an early warning of citrus Huanglongbing in the orchard.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Fluorescence imaging
Controlled terms:Calibration - Chlorophyll - Correlation methods - Decision trees - Energy dissipation - Forecasting - Forestry - Fructose - Glucose - Imaging techniques  - Learning systems - Losses - Metabolism - Orchards - Plants (botany) - Quantum yield - Random forests - Regression analysis - Starch - Sugar (sucrose)
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll fluorescence - Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging - Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters - Coefficient of determination - Machine learning methods - Pearson correlation analysis - Photosynthetic response - Pulse amplitude modulations (PAM)
Classification code:525.4  Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 746  Imaging Techniques - 801.4  Physical Chemistry - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 822.3  Food Products - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Percentage 9.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20203209013065
Title:Real-time extraction of navigation line between corn rows
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#34892;&#38388;&#23548;&#33322;&#32447;&#23454;&#26102;&#25552;&#21462;
Authors:Yang, Yang (1, 2); Zhang, Boli (1); Zha, Jiayi (1); Wen, Xing (1); Chen, Liqing (1, 2); Zhang, Tie (3); Dong, Xiang (3); Yang, Xuejun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) Anhui Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Engineering Laboratory, Hefei; 230036, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Liqing(13838470472@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:162-171
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:High-clearance plant protection machine plays an important role in the large-scale chemical fertilizer spraying machinery in China. The wheels of high-clearance plant protection machine must be driven along the ridge during the working process. However, the driver's vision is blocked by corn plants, which is easy to cause corn seedlings damaged by tires. In view of the serious phenomenon of seedling injury during the operation of high-clearance plant protection machine, a method of real-time extraction of navigation line between the corn rows based on a dynamic Region of Interest (ROI) was proposed in this paper. According to the different growing periods of corn, the videos were collected when the average height of corn plant was 30, 50 and 70 cm under different light conditions. Through reducing the influence of light by pixel normalization, segmenting the image of corn and background by green image processing algorithm and the maximum class square error method, the images were enhanced and removed by morphological processing. Firstly, the collected image was divided into 10 image bands, and each image band was processed by vertical projection method to locate the center lines between crop rows in the first frame of the video. The approximate position of the static ROI was determined and marked based on the perspective principle of camera and geometric information of the corn seedling belts. It took 473.7 ms to divide the static ROI, which does not affect the real-time performance of navigation since the determined of static ROI was prior to the navigation operation. Secondly, the static ROI was applied in the second frame of video, in which the navigation line between the corn rows was obtained by sub-regional feature points clustering algorithm. According to the geometric information of navigation line and ROI, the ROI was updated and optimized. Then the updated ROI was applied to the navigation line extraction of the next video frame. 225 consecutive videos were selected to divide the ROI manually, and the dynamic ROI obtained by proposed method was compared with the artificial ROI. The pixel deviation between the artificial ROI and the ROI was about 10 pixels, which shown that the algorithm had good convergence and met the requirements of navigation accuracy. Finally, a comparative experiment of artificial navigation line extraction and the algorithm in this paper by randomly selecting 100 frames of image. The results showed that the algorithm proposed by this paper could automatically obtain the dynamic ROI, the average error of navigation line extraction between manual and algorithm in this paper was 1.157&deg;, and the accuracy rate of corn seedling belt recognitionwas 96%, and the average processing time of a real-time image with a resolution of 1 920 pixels&times;1 080 pixels was 97.56 ms. July 16, 2019, the navigation experiment was carried out in corn field, and the heading angle was used as the input signal of the automatic steering control system. The results showed that the wheels of high-clearance plant protection machine walked along the corn rows, and the wheel angle floated up and down at 0&deg;. The algorithm proposed in this paper can meet the accuracy and real-time requirements of the automatic walking for high-clearance plant protection machine in corn.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Belts - Extraction - Fertilizers - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Navigation - Pixels - Plants (botany) - Seed - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic steering control - Chemical fertilizers - Comparative experiments - Geometric information - Image processing algorithm - Morphological processing - Real time performance - Real time requirement
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 602.1  Mechanical Drives - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 7.00e-01m, Time 9.76e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20203209013264
Title:Effects of guide vanes on performance of Y-screen filter
Title of translation:&#23548;&#27969;&#29255;&#23545;Y&#22411;&#32593;&#24335;&#36807;&#28388;&#22120;&#24615;&#33021;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhou, Liqiang (1, 2); Han, Dong (3); Yu, Liming (1); Li, Na (1); Guo, Huanhuan (1); Wang, Zuoheng (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Agricultural and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Wuhan Sanjiang Space Yuanfang Technology Co., LTD, Wuhan; 430038, China; (3) Center of Engineering and Construction Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Huangshi Xinxing Pipes Co., LTD, Huangshi; 435005, China
Corresponding author:Li, Na(kjclina@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The guide vanes can make movement of water and sand in the filter more complicated and difficult to distinguish as it changes the water and sand movement. The characteristics of water movement, the change of flow rate distribution and pressure drop coefficient were analyzed for the filter with or without guide vanes filter. Simulation with CFD-DEM (Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method) and experimental method were used to study the movement and distribution law of sand in the filter cavity and on the screen surface. The results showed that under the condition of clean water, the pressure drop coefficient of the filter with the guide vanes was 17.92% higher than that without the guide vanes, and the head loss was larger than that without the guide vanes also. While filtering the muddy water, the head loss of the guide vanes filter was smaller than that without a guide vanes, and the flow rate decreased more gently than that of clear water. The flow capacity of the filter with the guide vanes was significantly increased, and both the filtration effect and efficiency were improved. The flow field distribution on the screen filter without the guide vanes was extremely uneven, and the difference between the maximum flow rate and the minimum flow rate was 4.9 times. Compared with characteristics of water movement in the filter with and without guide vanes, the maximum flow rate of the guide vanes filter decreased by 4.78% while the minimum flow rate increased by 10.75%, and the area of the high-speed flow area decreased by 47.05% when it was greater than 13 L/h. That indicated that the guide vans had the characteristics of diversion and distribution, making the flow in and out of filter more stable. When the filter was without guide vanes, the sand was mainly distributed on the center line of the screen and on both sides, these positions correspond to areas with high flow rate. The sand was mainly distributed in the plug, which accounted for 90.07% when the filter was with guide vanes at the time of 4 s, and a small amount of sand was on the screen surface, while only 50.98% of the sand was in the plug of filter without guide vanes. It could be seen that the guide vanes let more particles flow to the plug with the water flow, and fewer particles are distributed in the filter chamber and attached to the filter screen, then the probability of blocking was reduced. Through the muddy water experiment, the filtration performance of the filter with and without the guide vanes was tested. The experiment results showed that the filtration volume of the guide vanes filter was larger than that without the guide vanes at the same time, which indicated that the filter with guide vanes had higher filtration efficiency. The distribution of particles of experiment on the filter screen was basically consistent with the distribution of simulation results. Therefore, reasonable design of guide vanes and plug can improve the anti-clogging performance of the screen filter.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Blocking probability - Confined flow - Drops - Efficiency - Flow of water - Flow rate - Pressure drop - Sand - Trucks - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution of particles - Experimental methods - Filtration efficiency - Filtration performance - Flow field distribution - Pressure drop coefficients - Probability of Blocking - Rate distributions
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631  Fluid Flow - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 723.5  Computer Applications - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 4.70e+01%, Percentage 4.78e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 9.01e+01%, Time 4.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20203209013280
Title:Prediction of wheat stripe rust disease by combining knowledge graph and bidirectional long short term memory network
Title of translation:&#32467;&#21512;&#30693;&#35782;&#22270;&#35889;&#19982;&#21452;&#21521;&#38271;&#30701;&#26102;&#35760;&#24518;&#32593;&#32476;&#30340;&#23567;&#40614;&#26465;&#38152;&#30149;&#39044;&#27979;
Authors:Zhang, Shanwen (1); Wang, Zhen (1); Wang, Zuliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an; 710123, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:172-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stripe rust disease of wheat has seriously threaten to the yield and quality of wheat. The disease prediction is a key step of disease control. However, the complex and changing environmental information that occurred concurrently wheat disease make disease prediction difficult. The prediction data of actual crop diseases usually come from environmental factors of field crop growth, or the database of agricultural scientific research institutions and enterprises, where the text data captured from the corpus of agricultural websites. These data cannot be effectively managed and utilized by traditional database and crop prediction methods, owing to the structured, unstructured, and semi-structured data with large amount, multi-source, heterogeneous, noise and redundancy. Knowledge Graph (KG) can be represented with big data and metadata of crop diseases, due to its powerful data fusion, organization, and management functions. Deep Learning (DL) model-based prediction method of crop disease can directly utilize structured data from traditional database systems, but cannot directly utilize large amounts of unstructured and semi-structured data. Most DL models fail to consider the context of text content and relevance between words, leading to a low ability of feature expression in extraction or learning. The memory of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) model normally originates from the front to the back, leading to effectively capture in remembering contextual information, but not for contextual information from the back. Therefore, Bi-directional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) model has been added a reverse LSTM layer on top to transfer information from back to forward, indicating that Bi-LSTM can be used to effectively learn the characteristic representation of environmental factor data of crop diseases. However, the sensitivity of Bi-LSTM model to environmental factors is low, and thereby the predicted results can be difficult to understand. In this study, A prediction method of wheat rust disease was proposed using the combination of Bi-LSTM model and KG, in order to enhance the semantic information of original environmental factors and interpretability of Bi-LSTM. In the knowledge driven Bi-directional LSTM model, a physical link disambiguation and KG embedded extraction can be used to capture disease KG of structured disease knowledge, disease in the text, and described the condition of key vector with the corresponding knowledge entities vector as Bi-directional LSTM multichannel input, in the process of convolution and from the aspects of semantics and knowledge represent different types of diseases. First, KG of wheat disease was constructed, while the environmental information related to the occurrence of wheat disease was transformed into the feature vector. Then, a prediction model of wheat stripe rust was established based on Bi-LSTM. The proposed method was validated on the disease dataset of wheat stripe rust. The prediction accuracy of wheat stripe rust was 93.21%, indicating 4.5 percentage points higher than that of only Bi-LSTM based method of disease prediction. The proposed algorithm can well predict wheat disease, further to provide scientific basis for forecasting, warning, and comprehensive control of wheat rust disease.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Long short-term memory
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Brain - Crops - Data fusion - Deep learning - Disease control - Extraction - Forecasting - Knowledge representation - Learning systems  - Predictive analytics - Semantics
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive controls - Contextual information - Environmental factors - Environmental information - Model-based prediction - Scientific researches - Semantic information - Transfer information
Classification code:461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4  Artificial Intelligence - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.32e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20203209013062
Title:Quality evaluation of slope farmland in Yunnan Province based on "element-demand-regulation" framework
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;"&#35201;&#32032;-&#38656;&#27714;-&#35843;&#25511;"&#30340;&#20113;&#21335;&#22369;&#32789;&#22320;&#36136;&#37327;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Chen, Zhengfa (1, 2); Shi, Dongmei (1); He, Wei (2); Xia, Jianrong (2); Jin, Huifang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited of Powerchina, Kunming; 650051, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Dongmei(shidm_1970@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:236-246
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated land being an essential natural resource, has been increasingly occupied in the last 60 years with the acceleration of urbanization. It is necessary to be careful in land use, in order to ensure food security and human existence. In addition, the quality degradation of cultivated land has seriously threatened to food security due to the misuse of land. Slope farmland, one type of cultivated land, is widely distributed in the plateau and mountain areas in the central and western China. Scientific quality evaluation of slope farmland is closely related to local food security and ecological environment, further to implement national protection schemes, such as the "Trinity" of quantity, quality and ecology. However, there are some features of slope farmland, such as wide distribution, large slope, soil erosion, frequent seasonal drought, low soil quality, to make accurate evaluation difficult. The evaluation index and model are also lacking. Taking the slope farmland in Yunnan as a research area, this study aims to construct a quality evaluation system of slope farmland based on the framework of "element demand regulation". The 30 m &times; 30 m grid (pixel) was selected as an evaluation unit for the comprehensive weight. The quality of slope farmland was evaluated quantitatively, together with its characteristics of spatial distribution. The results showed that: 1) Index system of the Minimum Data Set (MDS) in quality evaluation of slope farmland consisted of 14 indexes, including the effective thickness of soil layer, arable layer thickness, bulk density of soil, soil texture, pH value of soil, organic matter, effective phosphorus, available potassium, accumulated temperature (&ge;10&#8451;), field regularity, contiguity, amount of rainfall, assurance rate of irrigation, and field slope. 2) Slope farmland Integrated Fertility Index (SIFI) was distributed between 0.36 and 0.81, with an average value of 0.59. Most evaluation units of SIFI was less than 0.6, showing a significant difference (P&lt;0.05). The SIFI size relationship between five types of soil in slope farmland were ranked in order: Lateritic red earths, Red earths, Purplish soils, Yellow earths, Yellow-brown earths. SIFI increased with the elevation in the range of 0-1 000 m, while decreased larger than 1 000 m, indicating the variation of SIFI was related to the range of elevation. 3) The quality of slope farmland can be Grade 6, 5, 7 and 4, according the national standard. Specifically, the quality of slope farmland was relatively high Grade 4 and 5 at the southern border, central, southeast, and western Yunnan, whereas, northeast and northwest Yunnan indicated low Grade 6 and 7. The Lorenz curve of quality grade showed a pattern of "S-type" distribution in different regions, indicating a low grade in Yunnan province. This finding can provide a scientific basis to improve the quality evaluation system of slope land, thereby to efficiently implement geological regulation of slope farmland.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economics - Farms - Food supply - Land use - Slope protection - Soils - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Available potassiums - Ecological environments - Effective thickness - Protection schemes - Quality degradation - Quality evaluation - Quality evaluation system
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3  Food Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.00e+01yr, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+03m, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20203209013059
Title:Matching characteristics of axial distance between inducer and impeller of micro-centrifugal pump
Title of translation:&#24494;&#22411;&#31163;&#24515;&#27893;&#35825;&#23548;&#36718;&#19982;&#21494;&#36718;&#36724;&#21521;&#36317;&#31163;&#21305;&#37197;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Leng, Hongfei (1); Yao, Zhifeng (1, 2); Tang, Yuan (1); Wang, Chaoyue (1); Zhao, Haoru (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources &amp; Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Zhifeng(yzf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:47-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The micro-centrifugal pumps are widely used in temperature control fluid circuits of aerospace equipment due to their compact structure and high head. The unreasonable matching between the inducer and the impeller is one of the reasons that affect the operation stability of the micro-centrifugal pump. In order to study the effects of the axial distance between the inducer outlet and the impeller inlet (hereinafter referred to as axial distance) on the performances of the centrifugal pump, this paper took a centrifugal pump with front inducer as the research object, using a numerical method to quantitatively analyze the effects of different distances on the characteristics of energy, cavitation and pressure pulsation in the centrifugal pump. In this research, five axial distances were selected, which wee 0.1S, 0.5S, 1.0S, 1.5S and 2.0S (S is the ratio of the inducer axial length to the chord-spacing ratio), and then numerical predictions of the three-dimensional flow filed of the centrifugal pump were made for the five conditions. The results shown that with the increase of the axial distance, both the head and efficiency increased, and the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) decreased, while the amplitude of pressure pulsation in the impeller increased. Among them, under the rated operating conditions, when the axial distance was increased to 1.0S, the head of the centrifugal pump was increased by 0.61 m, and the efficiency was increased by 5.8%, the critical NPSH was reduced by 0.4 m, however, as the axial distance continues to increase, the head, the efficiency, the NPSH valve and the pressure pulsation changed little. Comprehensive analysis indicated that when the axial distance was 1.0S, the matching performance of the inducer and the impeller was the best, which was conducive to the stable operation of the centrifugal pump. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the matching design of the inducer and the impeller of the micro centrifugal pump.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Centrifugal pumps
Controlled terms:Impellers - Numerical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Aerospace equipments - Comprehensive analysis - Matching performance - Net positive suction heads - Numerical predictions - Operating condition - Operation stability - Three-dimensional flow
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 618.2  Pumps - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductance 1.00e+00S, Electrical_Conductance 1.00e-01S, Electrical_Conductance 1.50e+00S, Electrical_Conductance 5.00e-01S, Percentage 5.80e+00%, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 6.10e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20203209013084
Title:Rill erosion of long and steep cropland on the Loess Plateau under heavy rainstorm
Title of translation:&#26292;&#38632;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#40644;&#22303;&#39640;&#21407;&#38271;&#38497;&#22369;&#32789;&#22320;&#32454;&#27807;&#20405;&#34432;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Wang, Zhiqiang (1); Yang, Meng (2); Zhang, Yan (2); Zhang, Shuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yan(zhangyan9@bjfu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:129-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rill erosion can be defined by concentrated flow in small rivulets. This type of water erosion has posed a great challenge on the sloping cropland on the Loess Plateau in China. Most previous studies were focused on the field or laboratory experiment, while the research on rill erosion under conditions of extreme heavy rain is still lacking, particularly on practical prediction on specific cropland. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of rill erosion on long and steep slopes under extreme rainstorms based on field survey data. After the heavy rainstorm on the central Loess Plateau on July 26, 2017, 15 sampling sites were selected based on Google imagery near the rainstorm center with event rainfall of 212 mm and the maximum 60-min rainfall intensity of 49.2 mm/h for rill erosion measurement. In each sampling site, cross-sectional properties were measured at 2-m intervals, and the width and depth of each rill in each section were recorded. Topographic parameters were measured based DSM derived from drone aerial images in 0.20 m resolution. Rill erosion data from a previous study on five plots under storm conditions were used to compare the impact of rainfall intensity on rill erosion along slope length. The results showed that: 1) Under rainstorm conditions, the rate of rill erosion on bare sloping cropland was 22 487 t/km², and that on sloping cropland accounted for 68.6% that of the bare land, as the slope length was 20 m. Contouring cultivation can reduce effectively erosion, where the rill erosion was less than 5% that of the bare land, but the downslope rill erosion still occurred. The rate of rill erosion on fallow cropland was only 12% that on bare cropland with the same slope gradient, and no rill erosion was found on grassland. 2) The power function, Er=aL^b, can fit the relationships between the rill erosion rate and slope length. The index of slope length (b) was 0.831 for the bare land with the slope gradient of 34&deg;. The index of slope length increased as the increase of the rainstorm intensity, indicating that the rate of rill erosion enhanced under heavy rainstorm conditions. 3) Most sloping croplands on the loess hilly region are located in the middle of hillslope, and there is a steep ridge with 1-2 m high between the cropland and uphill grassland. Upslope contributing runoff can cause severe rill erosion on the sloping cropland. Specifically, grassland with a length of 38m can lead to the maximum erosion modulus on the downslope cropland, 56 304 t/km². However, there was no a clear increasing trend in the rate of rill erosion as the increase of slope length, indicating that the upslope runoff has a greater impact on rill erosion than the rainfall received on the site. The existence of ephemeral gullies on the slope reduced the rill erosion intensity due to the confluence capacity of the ephemeral gullies. The finding demonstrated that the more severely the ephemeral gullies was developed, the less the rill erosion intensity was. This study can provide an important reference to estimate the rill erosion on different types of sloping land in the hilly area of Loess Plateau.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Antennas - Cultivation - Landforms - Rain - Rivers - Runoff - Sediments - Storms
Uncontrolled terms:Concentrated flow - Ephemeral gullies - Laboratory experiments - Loess hilly regions - Rainfall intensity - Rainstorm condition - Rill erosion data - Sloping croplands
Classification code:442.1  Flood Control - 443.3  Precipitation - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.86e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.00e+01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.12e-01m, Size 3.80e+01m, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20203209013086
Title:Characteristic functions of drying material system and its theoretical solution
Title of translation:&#24178;&#29157;&#29289;&#31995;&#30340;&#29305;&#24449;&#20989;&#25968;&#21450;&#20854;&#29702;&#35770;&#35299;
Authors:Li, Changyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, Changyou(lichyx@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:286-295
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drying system can normally be subject to momentum, heat, and mass transfer, three of which describe a single behavior. In drying process, there are no strictly mathematical solutions of models based on the laws, due to multiple transfer behaviors concurrently occur in a drying, particularly confined by various conditions of geometry, physics, time, and boundary. If some comprehensive factors of process were reduce to constant coefficients, mathematical models can obtain an approximate solution with some simplified actual conditions. However, diffusion-based drying function is difficult to quantify, due to activation energy, pre-finger factor and process index. It is necessary to explore theoretical solution of drying process since ancient times. Since drying can be defined as a process of spontaneous vaporization, and moisture migration, energy transfer and conversion can be measured by the changes in the drying rate and moisture content. Drying capacity of a system usually depends on water activity and external constraints, which can be characterized by free energy transfer and conversion. Taking free energy transfer and conversion as a unified scale, the present work aims to establish a characteristic function for a universal dry system and its theoretical solution under energy balance and external constraints, further to reveal drying mechanism. The results can be introduced: Theoretical expression of drying function was established using water activity in an initial state, water activity under phase equilibrium, and the relative humidity of medium, and the drying rate of the actual process. When time coordinates were introduced, the theoretical expressions were modified by the ratio of free water, and drying rate change with time. The characteristic function was also used to reveal water vaporization and pressure changes in the mixing process and their locations. An accurate solution can be achieved, particularly on the moisture content, and the distribution of water activity inside a material in the drying process. An analytical solution on a state point of a material can also be obtained from the established function for the actual drying process under various external conditions. Therefore, the theoretical solution can be gained at a state change process for a material under any external conditions, indicating breaking the description of a single behavior, such as the transfer coefficient in the transfer rate. The present work can provide a high theoretical basis for the transfer mechanism heat, mass, and momentum, in order to evaluate the energy efficiency of process system, and thereby formulate scientific evaluation standards.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Energy efficiency - Energy transfer - Free energy - Function evaluation - Mass transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Vaporization
Uncontrolled terms:Approximate solution - Characteristic functions - Constant coefficients - Distribution of water - Mathematical solutions - Scientific evaluations - Theoretical expression - Theoretical solutions
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20203209013134
Title:Benggang recognition on semantic fusion of high-resolution digital orthophoto map and digital surface model data from unmanned aerial vehicle
Title of translation:&#34701;&#21512;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#39640;&#20998;&#36776;&#29575;DOM&#21644;DSM&#25968;&#25454;&#35821;&#20041;&#30340;&#23849;&#23703;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Shen, Shengyu (1, 2); Zhang, Tong (3); Cheng, Dongbing (1, 2); Wang, Zhigang (1, 2); Zhao, Yuanling (1, 2); Deng, Yusong (4); Qian, Feng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) Research Center on Mountain Torrent &amp; Geologic Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan; 430010, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (4) Forestry College of Guangxi University, Nanning; 530004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:69-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Benggang as a fragmented landform type, can be characterized by a deep-cut slope with various shapes and depressions on the vast weathered crust slopes in southern China. Normally, the gully heads have been continuously collapsed to form a typical landform, such as chair-like erosion. Benggang usually develops rapidly due to large amount of erosion, and thereby to threaten land resources and ecological environment. The identification of Benggang development become necessary to control erosion, and then clarify the behind mechanism. However, conventional methods have low levels of automation for a large-scale work, particularly on local inquiry, in-situ search, and manual interpretation for high-resolution images from satellite remote sensing. This paper proposes a novel Bag of Visual-Topographic Words (BoV-TW) model combining high resolution Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) local features to represent Benggang areas, according to the classification and recognition methods in remote sensing images. The local features of DOM can be set in Harris-Affine and Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER), with Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. The local features of DSM were extracted by a 3D Douglas-Peucker algorithm, representing by gradient direction-invariant descriptors developed in this study. A Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was used to balance latent semantic analysis, thereby to construct low-dimensional high-level semantic representations. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used as a supervised learning training classifier to achieve high-precision and fast automatic Benggang recognition. Three Benggang areas in Tongcheng County, Hubei Province were selected as the experimental objects. The original data were collected by DJI Phantom 3 Pro micro UAV in September 2016. Photoscan processing was used to obtain the DOM and DSM of three Benggang areas. Uniform grid division can be used to achieve DOM and DSM tiles in 0.15 m resolution of 256 &times; 256 pixels. A high-resolution 3D Benggang model was used to mark the areas with/without Benggang. Two Benggang areas were taken as the training set, and the rest were taken as the test set, in three comparative experiments. The results show that: 1) With changing numbers of LDA topics, the proposed method can maintain a total accuracy of 95%, while the recall rate and precision of Benggang 80%, indicating the maximums were 97.22% and 94.44%, respectively. The total accuracy, recall and precision have increased by 12%, 11% and 32%, respectively, compared with that of only DOM features. The recognition performance was significantly improved after combining with DSM features. 2) With changing sizes of the BoV-TW vocabulary, the total accuracy was 90%, and the maximum was 96.10%, while the recall rate reached 90%, the maximum recall rate of 100%. Precision gradually increased as the increase of vocabulary size, with the maximum of 85.00%. Compared with that of only BoV-TW, three performance indicators increased by 13%, 12% and 30%, respectively, indicating that LDA for latent semantic analysis can greatly improve the recognition detection performance. 3) The proposed method was better than that on the ResNet50 network using DOM and DOM + DSM as the data source. It infers that Benggang as a landform type cannot be well recognized using only DOM, or the simple combination of DOM and DSM. Meanwhile, it needs to combine feature extraction and fusion strategy for efficient application. This finding can deliver a useful tool for the quantitative analysis on the identification, control and erosion mechanism for Benggang.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Semantics
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Affine transforms - Antennas - Erosion - Landforms - Remote sensing - Statistics - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Classification and recognition - Douglas-peucker algorithm - Ecological environments - Latent dirichlet allocations - Latent Semantic Analysis - Maximally Stable Extremal Regions - Satellite remote sensing - Scale invariant feature transforms
Classification code:481.1  Geology - 652.1  Aircraft, General - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20203209013166
Title:Analysis of regional distribution patterns and full utilization potential of crop straw resources
Title of translation:&#21306;&#22495;&#31224;&#31174;&#36164;&#28304;&#20998;&#24067;&#21450;&#20840;&#37327;&#21270;&#21033;&#29992;&#28508;&#21147;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Shengnan (1, 2, 3); Ji, Xionghui (1, 2, 3); Deng, Kai (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Jian (1, 2, 3); Li, Changjun (1, 2, 3); Jian, Yan (1, 2, 3); Peng, Hua (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Hunan Institute of Agro-Environment and Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Midstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha; 410125, China; (3) Hunan Engineering Research Center for Prevention and Control of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Basin of Lake Dongting, Changsha; 410125, China
Corresponding author:Peng, Hua(penghua@hunaas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:221-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw is a valuable biomass energy resource and raw material for livestock forage, organic fertilizer and industrial use. However, the comprehensive utilization level of straw resources in China is not high due to various reasons including agricultural intensification, capital shortage and farmers' cognition. Regional, seasonal and structural surplus of crop straw is common in China and a lot of straw is discarded and burned casually, especially in rural areas. It is not only a huge waste of resources, but also leads to serious atmosphere and soil environment pollutions. Thus, it is of great importance to improve the straw utilization rate. That take regional planning as a whole and realize full utilization of the regional total straw resources is a good strategy. Assessment of regional straw resources' quantity, type, and distribution pattern is the prerequisite to achieve regional straw resources full utilization. In addition, the utilization modes and levels of straw resources are also restricted by many other factors including the social and economic development status. Thus, to make better use of straw resources and optimize utilization structure, it is necessary to take all the above factors into comprehensive consideration, carrying out scientific layout and rational planning. Hunan province is an important agricultural province and also a main producing area of double cropping rice in China. The present study estimated the straw quantity and amount per capita of the main crops in Hunan province. The spatial distribution patterns of straw resources in Hunan province were also analyzed. In addition, the paper also analyzed the potential of full utilization of the total straw resources in the province through comparing the current straw utilization structure and quantities with their corresponding competitive straw demands. The results showed that the theoretical and collectable amount of the main crop straw resources in Hunan province in 2018 were 4 021.7&times; 10⁴ t and 3 039.1&times;10⁴ t, respectively. The mean amount per capita of straw resource is only 0.68 t, which is much lower than the national average level. The straw of rice, rape, maize and vegetables accounted for 64.7%, 16.0%, 6.1% and 7.5% of the total straw resources of the Province, respectively. The various types of crop straws exhibited different spatial distribution patterns. The amount of rice, rape and vegetable straw increased from west to east and south to north in the province, whereas corn straw displayed an opposite distribution trend. Through estimating the potential utilization ways of straw resources, the competitive demand of straw in Hunan province included 887.3&times;10⁴ t for fertilizer, 885.1&times;10⁴ t for fodder, 65.7&times;10⁴ t for raw material and 83.2&times;10⁴ t for stroma material. The remaining amount of straw for potential energy utilization was 1 117.9&times;10⁴ t. Considering the current straw utilization structure and the results as above, the overall trend of realizing full utilization in the province should be to improve the ratio of fodder and energy utilization and slightly reduce fertilizer utilization on the basis of maintaining the amount for stroma and raw material utilization.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Energy resources - Energy utilization - Fertilizers - Planning - Potential energy - Regional planning - Spatial distribution - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural intensification - Biomass energy resources - Comprehensive utilizations - Distribution patterns - Raw material utilization - Regional distribution - Social and economic development - Spatial distribution patterns
Classification code:403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 525.1  Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+00%, Percentage 6.47e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20203209013273
Title:Field evaluation of pollutant emissions and reduction effects of biomass pellets burning in improved heating stoves in rural China
Title of translation:&#29983;&#29289;&#36136;&#28809;&#20855;&#29616;&#22330;&#27979;&#35797;&#27745;&#26579;&#29289;&#25490;&#25918;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#20943;&#25490;&#25928;&#26524;&#35780;&#20272;
Authors:Zhang, Wenting (1); Li, Chuang (1); Ye, Kun (1); Xu, Yinhong (1); Li, Jie (1); Liu, Guangqing (1); Xue, Chunyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing University of Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing; 100029, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Chunyu(xuecy@mail.buct.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:229-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass pellets burning can improve the efficiency of heating stoves, compared with traditional raw coal, thereby to achieve clean heating in rural areas of China. Most previous studies focused on short-term testing, which cannot reveal the actual emission of stoves the whole day. The current on-site measurements on pollutant emissions are still lacking. Taking a demonstration village of biomass pellets and supporting stoves in a county of Heilongjiang Province as an example, this study aims to investigate the pollutant emissions of biomass pellets using 24-hour field measurement method, and further to evaluate the emission reduction effect, when using biomass pellets to replace raw coal for heating. A portable residential stove on-site pollutant emissions testing system was used, particularly equipped with real-time sensors to measure the emissions of CO, CO2, SO2, NOx and PM<inf>2.5</inf>. A dilution channel was also equipped, including a PM<inf>2.5</inf> cyclone, and the filter loading compartments for PM<inf>2.5</inf> collection. The dilution sampling method was used to simulate the process of high-temperature mixing smoke from the exhaust chimney in atmosphere. This system can effectively record the entire combustion of residential stoves, and the pollution emissions 24 hours a day, while in-situ monitor the actual pollution emission levels of residential stoves. The results showed that the emission concentration of pollutant that emitted from the combustion of biomass stoves relatively fluctuated less than that of raw coal stoves. The emission factors of pollutant from raw coal stoves and manual/automatic feeding biomass stoves were 0.17, 0.11, 0.10 g/MJ for PM<inf>2.5</inf>; 5.54, 4.32, 2.53 g/MJ for CO; 0.05, 0.04, 0.03 g/MJ for SO<inf>2</inf>, and 0.08, 0.08, 0.11 g/MJ for NOx. The emission factors of PM<inf>2.5</inf>, CO, and SO<inf>2</inf> from the automatic and manual feeding biomass stoves reduced by 41.2%, 54.3%, 20.0%, and 35.3%, 22.1 %, 40.0%, respectively, compared with the raw coal stove. In contrast, the NOx emission factor of automatic feeding biomass stoves increased. The total amount of pollutant was calculated from the different combinations of stoves and fuel, in order to evaluate the emission reduction effects of pollutant from two biomass stoves. The results showed that: compared with raw coal stoves, the reduction ratio of CO, SO<inf>2</inf>, and PM<inf>2.5</inf> emission in the manual feeding biomass stove were 19.38%, 27.01%, and 33.41%, respectively, where the reduction effect of CO emission was significant (P&lt;0.05). The reduction ratio of pollutants CO, SO<inf>2</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> that emitted from the automatic feeding biomass stove were 52.77%, 41.35% and 39.79%, respectively, in which the reduction effect of CO emission was also significant (P&lt;0.05). However, the total average household amount of NOx that emitted from the automatic and manual feeding biomass stoves increased by 46.14% and 6.69%, respectively, compared with the raw coal stove. Surveys and interviews were conducted with residents in areas, where biomass clean stoves were promoted. It was found that the publicity of environmental protection and technical training for residents have become urgent to promote the utilization of such biomass stoves, and thereby to ensure the effective implementation of clean heating policies.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Stoves
Controlled terms:Biomass - Coal - Coal combustion - Emission control - Feeding - Heating - Housing - In situ combustion - Nitrogen oxides - Pelletizing  - Rural areas - Smoke
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic feeding - Emission concentration - Emission reduction - Heating in rural areas - On-site measurement - Pollutant emission - Pollution emissions - Technical training
Classification code:403.1  Urban Planning and Development - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 521.1  Fuel Combustion - 524  Solid Fuels - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.21e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 3.34e+01%, Percentage 3.53e+01%, Percentage 3.98e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.12e+01%, Percentage 4.14e+01%, Percentage 4.61e+01%, Percentage 5.28e+01%, Percentage 5.43e+01%, Percentage 6.69e+00%, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20203209013139
Title:"Pools and raised-beds" mode of storage and diversion of water improving water and salt movement and increasing cotton yield in Bohai Rim saline-alkali land
Title of translation:"&#27744;-&#30000;"&#33988;&#24341;&#27700;&#27169;&#24335;&#25913;&#21892;&#29615;&#28196;&#28023;&#26825;&#30000;&#27700;&#30416;&#36816;&#31227;&#25552;&#39640;&#26825;&#33457;&#20135;&#37327;
Authors:Feng, Guoyi (1); Qi, Hong (1); Zhang, Qian (1); Lei, Xiaopeng (1); Liang, Qinglong (1); Wang, Shulin (1); Wang, Yan (1); Dong, Ming (1); Liu, Xu (1); Du, Haiying (1); Lin, Yongzeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture/Cotton Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050051, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Yongzeng(zaipei@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:80-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The photosynthetic production and yield of crops are seriously affected by the stress of saline-alkali, drought and waterlogging in Bohai Rim land. Traditionally, pools and raised-beds are built to alleviate the adversity stress in this area. However, the pools and raised-beds are separately functional so that the effects are not well. In this study, a "shallow pools and raised-beds" system for storage and diversion of water, an improved system of traditional system, was established in coastal farmland. In this system, water collected in pools could be used for irrigating crops on the raised-beds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the system on water-salt movement of saline-alkali fields and cotton production. The system was constructed in 2014 at the state-owned Haixing Farm, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, China, which was located in 38&deg;21'N and 117&deg;31'E. The experiment was carried out in 2017 and 2018. This system was constituted of three types of fields: raised-bed field (A), shallow groundwater extracted field (B) and salt-restriction and water drained field (C). The field without using this system was considered as control (CK) to clarifying the mechanisms of water-salt movement in fields in this system. Cotton was planted in same pattern in these four types of fields. Soil samples at 0-200 cm depth of four types of cotton fields were collected during the period from April to October of 2017 and 2018 for determination of soil moisture, salt content and pH values. The photosynthesis index (leaf area, SPAD value, net apparent photosynthesis rate, canopy apparent photosynthesis rate and photosynthetic accumulation characteristics) and yield (including its components) of cotton were measured or calculated during the whole growth period of cotton in 2017 and 2018. The effects of their spatial distribution characteristics on the photosynthesis and yield of cotton were also analyzed. Results showed that the soil moisture in the four types of fields was the highest in July and August and the lowest from April to June. Among the four types of fields, the soil moisture was the highest in the CK and the lowest in the field A. In the soil layers of 0-40 cm, the soil moistures of fields A and C were both lower than 20%. Compared to CK, the soil moisture was decreased by 13.0%-46.6% in the field A, 1.9%-23.0% in the field B, and 0.3%-44.0% in the field C, respectively. Similarly, the salt content of field A, B and C was also decreased by 21.1%-77.6% compared to CK. Compared to CK, the pH values of field A and B were both decreased in June and August. Soil salt in cotton field of A and B decreased to about 3.0 g/kg. Soil salt content in cotton field C was below 5.0 g/kg, and soil pH values in July and August were below 8.0. Cotton field A showed the lowest soil moisture, soil salt content and pH value. The seed cotton yield of field A, B and C was 3 500, 3 000 and 2 500 kg/hm², respectively. The "shallow pools and raised-beds" model of storage and diversion of water greatly changed water-salt movement in cotton field, which was beneficial to cotton production and thus increased the cotton yield in Bohai Rim saline-alkali land. This research provided a scientific model for the efficient exploitation and utilization of coastal saline-alkali land.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Cotton - Crops - Groundwater - Lakes - pH - Photosynthesis - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulation characteristics - Distribution characteristics - Photosynthesis rate - Photosynthetic production - Scientific modeling - Shallow groundwater - Soil salt content - Traditional systems
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1  Light/Optics - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01% to 4.66e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+00% to 2.30e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01% to 7.76e+01%, Percentage 3.00e-01% to 4.40e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.12.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.