<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20203109004294
Title:Unsupervised deep estimation modeling for tomato plant image based on dense convolutional auto-encoder
Title of translation:基于稠密自编码器的无监督番茄植株图像深度估计模型
Authors:Zhou, Yuncheng (1); Deng, Hanbing (1); Xu, Tongyu (1); Miao, Teng (1); Wu, Qiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Depth information acquisition is the key to mobile robots which realize autonomous operation in the greenhouse. This study proposed an unsupervised model that used binocular images for training and testing based on dense convolutional auto-encoder. This model enabled the neural network to perform plant image depth estimation and defined a loss function for the depth estimation with convolution feature comparison and regularization constraints. Aiming at the problem of pixel vanished due to the different perspective and occlusion, a disparity confidence prediction was introduced to suppress the problem gradient caused by the image reconstruction loss. In the meantime, a dense block was designed based on separable convolution and built a convolutional auto-encoder as the backbone network for the model. In the greenhouse of tomato planting, a large number of binocular images were collected when tomato planting was growing on an overcast, cloudy and sunny days. An unsupervised plant image depth estimation network was also designed with a Python application interface, which was implemented by adopting Microsoft Cognitive Tools (CNTK) v2.7, a deep learning computing framework. The experiments of training and testing which were used image feature similarity, depth estimation error, and threshold precision as the criteria were carried out, and the binocular images of tomato planting were also taken as examples, on Tesla K40c graphic device. The results showed that the auto-encoder based on the separable convolution dense block which was compared with the regular convolution could effectively reduce the number of network weight parameters. Compared with the other activations which included ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit), Param-ReLU, ELU (Exponential Linear Unit), and SELU (Scaled-ELU), the network model with Leaky-ReLU as the nonlinear transformation had the minimum depth error and the maximum threshold precision. Also, the results showed that the network structures had significant impacts on the accuracy of prediction disparity. The introduction of separable convolution dense block in the skip connection between the encoder and decoder of auto-encoder had a certain effect on improving the accuracy of depth estimation. Meanwhile, by making the depth estimation model predict the disparity confidence which was used to restrain the problem gradient backpropagation, the error of depth estimation was remarkably decreased, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were reduced by 55.2% and 33.0% respectively. The accuracy of depth estimation was significantly improved by using these processing methods, such as image reconstruction, loss function calculation after up-sampling the disparity map to the input image scale and splicing the multi-scale disparity map predicted by the network to the feature map of its encoder, as well as sending the combination feature map to the next prediction module. The performance of depth estimation was improved by increasing the depth and width of the convolutional auto-encoder. The error of depth estimation decreased significantly with the reduction of the spatial point depth. When the spatial point depth was within 9 m, the MAE of the estimated depth was less than 14.1 cm. And when the depth was within 3 m, the MAE was less than 7 cm. The influence of illumination conditions on the accuracy of this study depth estimation model was not significant. The method in this study was robust to the change of the luminous environment. The highest test speed of this study model was 14.2 FPS (Frames Per Second), which was near real-time. Compared with the existing researches, the mean relative error, MAE, and Mean Range Error (MRE) of depth estimation in this study were reduced by 46.0%, 26.0%, and 25.5% respectively. This research could provide a reference for the design of the vision system of greenhouse mobile robots.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Binoculars - Convolution - Deep learning - Errors - Forecasting - Fruits - Greenhouses - Image reconstruction - Learning systems - Linear transformations - Machine design - Mathematical transformations - Mean square error - Mobile robots - Signal encoding
Uncontrolled terms:Application interfaces - Autonomous operations - Computing frameworks - Confidence predictions - Illumination conditions - Non-linear transformations - Root mean square errors - Training and testing
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.5 Robotics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.55e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+01%, Percentage 5.52e+01%, Size 1.41e-01m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 9.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20203109004367
Title:Effects of various pretreated maize stovers on the passivation of cadmium by anaerobic fermentation of pig manure
Title of translation:不同预处理玉米秸秆对猪粪厌氧发酵重金属镉钝化效果
Authors:Li, Yi (1); Gong, Xinglong (1); Guo, Jingyang (1); Qu, Zhuangzhuang (1); Zhang, Zhen (1); Yi, Weiming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Weiming(yiweiming@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:254-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, with the development of Chinese animal husbandry, some heavy metals have been added to animal feed to speed up the growth of livestock and poultry and prevent diseases. But most heavy metals can not be absorbed and digested, resulting in increasingly serious pollution problems of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure, which seriously affects the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. In this paper, pig manure was used as the treatment object, and heavy metal cadmium(Cd) was used as the research object. Different pretreated maize stovers was added (maize stovers and pig manure C/N of 25: 1). The anaerobic fermentation period is 90 days, fermentation temperature is of 35℃, inoculum quantity is of 30% fermentation raw material, total solid is of 10% and pH value is of 7. The aim of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure. The result shows: 1)After the end of anaerobic fermentation, the proportion of exchangeable and reducible Cd contents in the treatment of adding maize stovers all decreased, and the proportion of oxidizable and residual Cd contents all increased. The results show that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure and maize stovers is beneficial to convert heavy metal Cd from an effective state to a stable state. 2)The passivation effect of effective form of heavy metal Cd in the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure alone is 21.22%, the effective passivation rates of heavy metal Cd in untreated corn stalk, dilute H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> treated maize stovers and NaOH treated maize stovers were 29.60%, 32.00% and 32.38%, respectively. The results showed that the anaerobic fermentation of maize stovers added to pig manure was beneficial to improve the passivation effect of heavy metal Cd. The passivation effect of heavy metal Cd in NaOH maize stovers is better. Significant analysis showed that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure with maize stovers significantly increased the passivation of heavy metal Cd (P<0.01). The passivation effect of maize stovers treated with dilute H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> and NaOH were significantly higher than that of untreated maize stovers group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in passivation effect between NaOH treated maize stovers and dilute H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> treated maize stovers (P>0.05). 3)Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer showed that the materials of each treatment group had similar spectral characteristics before and after anaerobic fermentation. After anaerobic fermentation, the relative intensity of the absorption peaks of the biogas residue of each treatment group decreased at 3 408-3 414 and 2 850-2 922 cm<sup>-1</sup>, indicating that the organic matter such as amide compound, carbohydrate, protein, and aliphatic compound in the biogas residue were decomposed and reduced. The absorption peak intensity at 1 642-1 653 and 1 240-1 264 cm<sup>-1</sup> increased, indicating that the olefins, aromatic compounds and other substances in the biogas residue increased. The addition of maize stovers during the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure is beneficial to the reduction of organic matter content, the increase of humus content, and the humification degree of organic matter is better when the pig manure is added NaOH maize stovers. Adding an appropriate amount of NaOH and H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> maize stovers to the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure can reduce the effectiveness of heavy metals in the biogas residue and the risk of heavy metal pollution.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Amides - Biogas - Biogeochemistry - Cadmium - Chemical contamination - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Mammals - Passivation - Pollution - Sodium hydroxide - Soils - Speed control
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Fermentation temperature - Fourier transform infrared spectrometer - Heavy metal pollution - Organic matter content - Pollution problems - Resource utilizations - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.2.1 Protection Methods - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.47e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.12e+01%, Percentage 2.96e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 3.24e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20203109004554
Title:Soil hole opening methods and parameters optimization of pot seedling transplanting machine for rapeseed
Title of translation:油菜钵苗移栽机成穴作业方式及参数优化
Authors:Quan, Wei (1, 2); Wu, Mingliang (1, 3); Luo, Haifeng (1, 3); Chen, Chaopeng (1); Xie, Wei (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) College of Orient Science&Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Mingliang(mlwu@hunau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:13-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of poor growth quality of pot seedling caused by large soil disturbance and low soil porosity of the hole wall during the hole forming process of soil opener for rapeseed transplanting machine, simulation analysis of the hole forming process of two different types of soil openers was carried out by using the discrete element method software EDEM according to the physical size parameters of rapeseed pot seedlings and the agronomic requirements of transplanting pot seedlings of rapeseed in this paper. The discrete element method was used to establish and modify a soil model consistent with the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil in the test bin. In combination with the movement trajectories of the two different types of soil openers, hole forming method (soil picking type and soil extruding type) of soil openers, bottom size of soil opener and soil opening depth were chosen as the test factors. The soil return coefficient in the hole section and the soil porosity of the hole wall were chosen to evaluate the effects of various test factors on hole morphology and soil disturbance. The discrete element method simulation results showed that soil picking type soil opener was a relatively superior method for hole forming. The soil return coefficient in the hole section and soil porosity of the hole wall of soil picking type soil opener were better than that of the soil extruding type soil opener. The section shape of the hole formed by the picking type soil opener with square structure at the bottom was a rectangle. The longitudinal length of the top of the hole was less than the width of the top of hole, and the longitudinal length of the bottom of hole was larger than the width of the bottom of hole. The optimal parameter combination of the soil opener required by agronomic hole size requirement was obtained as follows: the bottom size was 50 mm, the soil opening depth was 40 mm, the length and width of the hole top size formed by soil picking type soil opener was 69 mm and 79 mm respectively, the effective depth was 40 mm, the soil porosity of the hole wall was 48.5%, and the soil return coefficient in the hole section was 0.08. Physical soil bin test was carried out to verify the operating performance the soil opener. The soil in the test bin was treated so that the soil conditions of the simulated soil were consistent with those of the soil in the test bin. The results of soil bin test showed that the average error between the simulation results and the soil bin verifying test results of the longitudinal length of top, width of top, effective depth, soil porosity of the hole wall and the soil return coefficient in the hole section of the hole formed by soil picking type soil opener were 4.8%, 3.4%, 1.2%, 1.5% and 14.2%, respectively, the optimized soil opener could form holes that meet the design requirements. This study provides a reference for the next step of optimization of soil opener.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agronomy - Computer software - Oilseeds - Porosity - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Discrete element method simulations - Mechanical characteristics - Movement trajectories - Operating performance - Optimal parameter combinations - Parameters optimization - Seedling transplanting - Transplanting machine
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%, Percentage 4.80e+00%, Percentage 4.85e+01%, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 6.90e-02m, Size 7.90e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20203109004543
Title:Hyperspectral estimation of the maximum carboxylation rate of cotton leaves under different nitrogen levels
Title of translation:不同施氮水平下棉花叶片最大羧化速率的高光谱估测
Authors:Zhang, Xinlei (1); Liu, Liantao (1); Sun, Hongchun (1); Zhang, Ke (1); Bai, Zhiying (1); Dong, Hezhong (2); Li, Cundong (1); Zhang, Yongjiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hebei Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Cotton Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan; 250100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yongjiang(yongjiangzh@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:166-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the core of photosynthesis, the accurate prediction of maximum carboxylation rate (V<inf>cmax</inf>) is crucial to photosynthetic rate and vegetation productivity. At present, there are many studies which have predicted V<inf>cmax</inf> by physiological parameters and spectral data. However, the studies mainly focus on forest, and study on leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton has not been reported. In this experiment, "Guoxinmian 9" was selected as the experimental material, and four nitrogen application levels were set to determine the physiological parameters and leaf reflection spectra of cotton leaves in different growth periods. The relationships were explored between leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> and physiological parameters, spectral indexes, and the hyperspectral indexes that could accurately retrieve the leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton were screened out. Then leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> estimation models were constructed. The results showed that the leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton was not affected by the level of nitrogen application from the seedling stage to the bud stage due to the nitrogen in the soil without nitrogen fertilizer is enough to ensure that the leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton maintain a high level from the seedling stage to the bud stage. As the growth period progressed, nitrogen became one of the main factors affecting the V<inf>cmax</inf> of the leaves, and the correlation between leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> and nitrogen content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.717) was higher than that of chlorophyll and leaf mass area. The V<inf>cmax</inf> of the leaves had strong correlations with the combination of blue light and red-edge wave band through regression analysis of spectral indexes. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using reflectance at 697 and 445 nm, as well as Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) using reflectance at 445 and 694 nm had the best fitting effects, and their values of R<sup>2</sup> all exceed 0.75. In addition, from the 27 predecessor vegetation indexes, three vegetation indexes with a higher degree of correlation with leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> were obtained: Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), Modified Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index(MCARI), Modified Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(mND<inf>705</inf>), and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of them were greater than 0.6. Finally, based on physiological parameters and spectral index, the estimation models of leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> were established by general linear regression and multiple stepwise regression. The accuracy of the multiple stepwise regression model established by RVI<inf>445, 694</inf>, PRI and mND<inf>705</inf> was highest (R<sup>2</sup>=0.809, RMSE=16.93 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s)), followed by the multiple stepwise regression model established by nitrogen and chlorophyll content in leaves (R<sup>2</sup>=0.801, RMSE=17.01 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s)). In summary, leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton is more sensitive to leaf nitrogen compared other physiological parameters.The accuracy of the leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> estimation model based on leaf spectrum established in this study is higher than that using leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll and leaf mass area as independent variables, indicating that it is feasible to invert leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> through leaf spectrum. It is shown that hyperspectral index can effectively estimate the V<inf>cmax</inf> of cotton leaves, and the results can provide support for accurate inversion of leaf V<inf>cmax</inf> and assessment of photosynthetic capacity.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Physiological models
Controlled terms:Carboxylation - Chlorophyll - Cotton - Nitrogen fertilizers - Parameter estimation - Physiology - Reflection - Regression analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Multiple stepwise regression - Normalized difference vegetation index - Photochemical reflectance index - Photosynthetic capacity - Physiological parameters - Ratio vegetation indices - Vegetation productivity
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 4.45e-07m, Size 6.94e-07m, Size 6.97e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20203109004293
Title:Extraction and analysis of off-site docking information of offshore fishing vessels in Zhejiang Province of China
Title of translation:浙江省近海海洋捕捞渔船异地停靠信息提取与分析
Authors:Fan, Xiumei (1); Zhang, Shengmao (1); Yang, Shenglong (1); Wang, Fei (1); Cheng, Tianfei (1); Zhu, Wenbin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fisheries Remote Sensing and Information Technology, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai; 200090, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan; 316021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shengmao(ryshengmao@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:203-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the requirements of port management system, all fishing vessels must stop fishing and return to their registry ports during the summer fishing moratorium. Fishing vessels are not allowed to dock at the non-registry port. In order to investigate the fishing vessels docking at other provinces or cities' ports which are not their registry ports during the summer fishing moratorium, a method to extract the off-site docking information of offshore fishing vessels based on Beidou navigation satellite system position data was proposed in this paper. First of all, we need to find out the time periods during which the fishing boat stoped sailing, and then selected the longest time period and obtained the longitude and latitude of the location where the boat stoped during the longest time period. The reverse address query web service provided by Gaud map was used to obtain the provinces, cities and districts based on the longitude and latitude. Then compared the docking address with that of registry ports to determine whether the vessel was off-site docked. Taking Zhejiang Province of China as an example, the fishing vessels positions data of vessel monitoring systems based on Beidu Navigation Satellite System was used to extract the off-site docking information and conduct statistical analysis. The results showed that 2.75% of fishing vessels docked across provinces, 5.86% of fishing vessels docked across cities in the province and 15.6% of fishing vessels docked accross district in the city. This method can quickly extract and count off-site docking information of fishing vessels, and provided technical support for fishing vessel's management information during the fishing moratorium.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fishing vessels
Controlled terms:Communication satellites - Data mining - Fisheries - Monitoring - Offshore oil well production - Radio navigation - Web services
Uncontrolled terms:Beidou navigation satellite systems - Fishing boats - Management information - Navigation-satellite systems - Port management - Technical support - Vessel monitoring systems - Zhejiang province of China
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 655.2.1 Communication Satellites - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 2.75e+00%, Percentage 5.86e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20203109004497
Title:Passivation effects of calcium carbonate and chitosan on arsenic pollution in high pH calcareous soil
Title of translation:碳酸钙和壳聚糖联用对高pH值石灰性土壤砷污染的钝化
Authors:Jiao, Changfeng (1); Chang, Huiqing (1); Wang, Qizhen (1); Wu, Jie (1); Zhu, Xiaohui (1); Wang, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang; 471023, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Huiqing(hqchang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:234-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Arsenic (As) is highly toxic in its inorganic form, being one of five major pollution elements released by the Ministry of Ecological Environment in China. National survey of soil pollution in 2014 showed that the soil in China was high 2.7% over the standard rate of arsenic. Arsenic in the polluted soil was easily absorbed by crops and accumulated in the edible parts. This pollution can lead to the decline of crop production, even threaten to human health via the food chain. In order to eliminate toxic effects of arsenic pollution in soil, passivators are often used to reduce arsenic bioavailability. In heavy metal pollution of acid soil, calcium carbonate is normally selected for the passivation and remediation. However, it is lacking research on whether the addition of calcium carbonate to high pH calcareous soil can passivate arsenic pollution, especially on the combination of calcium carbonate and chitosan. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of arsenic pollution in calcareous soil with high pH value, particularly the passivation effect of calcium carbonate combined with chitosan. In this study, a field experiment of arsenic pollution was conducted for the treatment and remediation of arsenic pollution in calcareous soil with high pH value. Four treatments were, control (CK: no exogenous arsenic and passivator), arsenic pollution (As: only exogenous arsenic), arsenic pollution + calcium carbonate (As + Ca: exogenous arsenic and calcium carbonate), arsenic pollution + calcium carbonate + chitosan (As + Ca + C: exogenous arsenic and calcium carbonate and chitosan). An attempt was made to investigate the effects of calcium carbonate and chitosan addition on the enzyme activity of arsenic -polluted calcareous soil, the fractions changes of arsenic in soil and the migration characteristics of arsenic in corn. The results showed that the activities of soil urease, cellulase and catalase significantly increased by 52.35%, 74.92% and 8.72%, respectively, after the combined use of calcium carbonate and chitosan (P<0.05), compared with arsenic treatment. Exogenous arsenic mainly distributed in soil in the residual fraction, more than 60% of the total arsenic. Compared with arsenic treatment, the addition of calcium carbonate only, or together with chitosan, can significantly reduce the water-soluble arsenic by 17.15% and 27.03% (P<0.05), respectively. As+Ca+C treatment remarkably increased calcium arsenic, iron arsenic and aluminum arsenic by 13.97%, 14.24% and 13.85% (P<0.05), respectively, where the passivation rates of adding Ca and Ca+C to arsenic contamination of calcareous soil were 9.78% and 18.37% (P<0.05), respectively. The accumulation of arsenic in crops parts increased, after maize was planted on arsenic polluted soil. Compared with arsenic treatment, calcium carbonate and chitosan were used together significantly reduce the arsenic content in corn seed, root, stem and leaf by 50%, 13.98%, 16.51% and 14.94% (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the combination of calcium carbonate and chitosan can play a better role in the passivation of arsenic pollution in calcareous soil with high pH value than the single use of calcium carbonate. Therefore, maize planting combined with the application of the proposed passivator can realize the safe production in high pH calcareous soil polluted by arsenic.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Biochemistry - Calcium carbonate - Carbonation - Chemical contamination - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Chitosan - Crops - Cultivation - Enzyme activity - Heavy metals - Passivation - pH effects - Remediation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Arsenic bioavailability - Arsenic contamination - Ecological environments - Heavy metal pollution - Passivation effect - Pollution elements - Residual fraction - Water-soluble arsenic
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 539.2.1 Protection Methods - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.49e+01%, Percentage 8.72e+00%, Percentage 9.78e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20203109004344
Title:Multi-target detection based on feature pyramid attention and deep convolution network for pigs
Title of translation:基于特征金字塔注意力与深度卷积网络的多目标生猪检测
Authors:Yan, Hongwen (1); Liu, Zhenyu (1); Cui, Qingliang (2); Hu, Zhiwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:193-202
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the pig breeding environment, pig adhesion and debris shielding made it difficult to detect multiple targets of pig individuals. In this paper, pigs in the pen were used as the research object, and the video frame was used as the data source to propose a model FPA-Tiny-YOLO that combines Feature Pyramid Attention (FPA) and Tiny-YOLO. In this model, attention information was integrated into feature extraction, semantic content of different regions was aggregated hierarchically, and global context information was mined. Image processing (include randomly change the brightness, adding Gaussian noise and flipping 180°) was performed on video clips of 45 pigs in 8 bars with age of 20 to 105 days, and 4 102 labeled pictures were obtained. Four kinds of deep FPA modules were constructed and added to YOLOV3 and Tiny-YOLO models. Experiments show that adding a variety of feature pyramid attention information could improve the accuracy of Tiny-YOLO and YOLOV3 models to some extent. Compared with the YOLOV3 models, before adding the FPA module, the Tiny-YOLO model had higher detection accuracy, and the detection real-time performance was better than that of the YOLOV3 model with the same module added. After adding the FPA module, the detection performance of the Tiny-YOLO model was better than that of the YOLOV3 models, the mAP, Precision ratio, Recall rate and F1 value of the Tiny-YOLO model with the FPA-3 module increased by 8.4, 1.04, 7.93, and 5.09 percentage points compared to the YOLOV3 model with the same FPA module. The Recall rate, F1 value and mAP of Tiny-YOLO model with FPA-3 module for multi-target detection of group pigs on the test set reached 86.09%, 91.47% and 85.85% respectively, which improved by 3.75, 2.59 and 4.11 percentage points respectively compared with Tiny-YOLO model without FPA module, The the Recall rate, F1 value and mAP decrease as the score threshold increases when the score and IOU value fixed, but the Precision ratio gradually decreases, whicb indicating that the depth of the FPA module had no regular effects on the detecting effect. The test set pictures were divided into four scenes according to whether adhesion or shielding to explore the robustness of the Tiny-YOLO series models. The experiments showed that compared with Tiny-YOLO model, the Recall rate, F1 value and mAP of the Tiny-YOLO model adding FPA-3 module were improved by 6.73, 4.34 and 7.33 percentage points respectively, the Tiny-YOLO model adding FPA module could extract more complete edges of pigs and had higher prediction reliability and had better detection effects for the pigs far away from the camera and with occlusion, the feature pyramid attention information was beneficial to precisely and effectively conduct multi-target detection of live pigs in different scenes. The research results can provide a reference for the subsequent mobile application of pig identification and behavior analysis.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Feature extraction
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Image processing - Mammals - Semantics - Shielding
Uncontrolled terms:Behavior analysis - Breeding environments - Detection accuracy - Detection performance - Mobile applications - Multi-target detection - Percentage points - Real time performance
Classification code:951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-02yr to 2.88e-01yr, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Percentage 8.61e+01%, Percentage 9.15e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20203109004277
Title:Combined model for prediction of air temperature in poultry house for lion-head goose breeding based on PCA-SVR-ARMA
Title of translation:基于PCA-SVR-ARMA的狮头鹅养殖禽舍气温组合预测模型
Authors:Liu, Shuangyin (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7); Huang, Jiande (1, 3, 4, 7); Xu, Longqin (1, 3, 4, 7); Zhao, Xuehua (5); Li, Xiangtong (1, 3, 4, 7); Cao, Liang (1, 3, 4, 7); Wen, Baoqin (2); Huang, Yunmao (6)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality & Safety Traceability Information Technology, Guangzhou; 510225, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) Academy of Smart Agricultural Engineering Innovations, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou; 510225, China; (4) Smart Agriculture Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou; 510225, China; (5) School of Digital Media, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen; 518172, China; (6) Guangdong Key Laboratory of Waterflow Health Breeding, Guangzhou; 510225, China; (7) Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Products Safety Big Data Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou; 510225, China
Corresponding author:Wen, Baoqin(wendy-wbq@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:225-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China has the largest waterfowl industry, accounting for almost 75% of the waterfowl production in the world. The air temperature in the lion-head goose breeding environment is crucial to the survival of lion-head goose. The air temperature is susceptible to many factors such as relative humidity, illumination intensity, total suspended particulates, etc. So, it is significant to understand timely and accurately the change of the air temperature which can prevent environment deterioration, disease outbreaks, and optimize breeding management. Grasping the trend of the air temperature value timely and accurately is the key to the high-density healthy lion-head goose culture. The traditional prediction methods in temperature have problems such as low prediction accuracy, poor robustness, and poor generalization ability, etc. To improve the prediction accuracy of the air temperature of the lion-head goose breeding environment, a predicting model of air temperature fusing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Support Vector Regression (SVR) machine, and Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model was proposed for lion-head goose breeding environment. First, the key impact factors of air temperature in lion-head goose breeding were extracted by principal component analysis, which eliminated redundant information between variables and reduced the complexity of the prediction model structure. Therefore, the key impact factors were selected air temperature, relative humidity, illumination intensity, total suspended particulates, respectively. Then, SVR-ARMA model was used to build the nonlinear prediction model between the temperature and these key impact factors for lion-head goose breeding, in which, first, the air temperature was predicted by SVR, then the air temperature prediction values were corrected by the residual prediction value of ARMA model. Because the kernel parameter and the regularization parameter in the SVR training procedure significantly influence forecasting accuracy, a leave-one-out cross-validation method was utilized to optimize the SVR model parameters and biases under a parameter space design. With this model, the air temperature change had been predicted for the lion-head goose breeding environment from July 21<sup>st</sup>, 2018 to July 30<sup>th</sup>, 2018 in Shanwei city, Guangdong province. The experimental results showed that the proposed combination prediction model of PCA-SVR-ARMA had a better prediction effect than the standard BP neural network, standard support vector regression machine, PCA-BPNN, PCA-SVR, and PCA-BPNN-ARMA method. And the relative Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for the temperature between the PCA-SVR-ARMA and PCA-SVR models were 29.59%, 40.37%, and 60.75% respectively under the same experimental conditions. The relative MAPE, RMSE, and MAE for the temperature between the PCA-SVR and standard SVR models were 31.78%, 15.89%, and 29.45% respectively. The relative MAPE, RMSE, and MAE for the temperature between the PCA-SVR-ARMA and PCA-BPNN-ARMA models were 55.64%, 35.66%, and 55.26% respectively. The relative MAPE, RMSE, and MAE for the temperature between the PCA-BPNN-ARMA and PCA-BPNN models were 43.16%, 30.63%, and 44.16% respectively. The relative MAPE, RMSE, and MAE for the temperature between the PCA-BPNN and BPNN models were 10.34%, 4.80%, and 7.98% respectively. To sum up, the SVR model had a better prediction performance under the condition of small samples, while the residual error correction method based on the ARMA model effectively improved prediction performance. The temperature prediction model based on PCA-SVR-ARMA exhibited best prediction accuracy and generalization performance when compared with other traditional forecasting models. Therefore, the presented model based on PCA-SVR-ARMA could meet the actual demand for accurate forecasting of temperature and provide a reference for environment control in healthy breeding and seedling breeding of lion-head goose. As well as it also could help farmers make decisions and reduce farming risks.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Predictive analytics
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Autoregressive moving average model - Backpropagation - Deterioration - Error correction - Forecasting - Mean square error - Particles (particulate matter) - Random processes - Support vector regression
Uncontrolled terms:Autoregressive moving average - Generalization performance - Leave-one-out cross validations - Nonlinear prediction model - Regularization parameters - Support vector regression (SVR) - Support vector regression machines - Total suspended particulates
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.18e+01%, Percentage 5.53e+01%, Percentage 3.57e+01%, Percentage 5.56e+01%, Percentage 6.08e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 4.04e+01%, Percentage 4.32e+01%, Percentage 7.98e+00%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+00%, Percentage 1.03e+01%, Percentage 1.59e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 2.96e+01%, Percentage 3.06e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20203109004348
Title:Effects of intermittent rainfall on hydrodynamics characteristics of erosion on reconstructed slopes of iron tailings
Title of translation:间歇降雨对铁尾砂重构坡面侵蚀水动力学特性的影响
Authors:Lyu, Chunjuan (1); Zhang, Xu (1); Bi, Rutian (1); Niu, Yaobin (1); Xia, Lu (1); Guo, Xingxing (1); Chen, Dan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Bi, Rutian(birutian@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:74-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rainfall is concentrated in summer and rainstorm often occurs in the Loess Plateau of China. Iron tailings dump with loose structure and steep slope is repeatedly eroded by rainstorms in rainy seasons, which severely affects the vegetation restoration. This study explored the influence of intermittent rainfall on hydrodynamics characteristics of erosion on reconstructed slopes of iron tailings in order to decrease soil and water loss of iron tailings. Soil or mushroom residue was added to tailings in order to improve the properties of iron tailings. A total of six reconstructed slopes were constructed and they included loose tailings (LT), crusty tailings (CT), tailings incorporating mushroom residues (TM), tailings incorporating soil (TS), tailings incorporating soil and mushroom residues (TSM) and soil (S). Indoor artificial simulated rainfall was used to study the erosion characteristics and hydrodynamic factors of the six reconstructed slopes at 25°, 30° and 35° under intermittent rainfall. Three rainfall events of 60, 90 and 120 mm/h were carried out on the same slope. The results showed that 1) the runoff rates of the six substrates increased continuously with the increases of rainfall events but the sediment yield rate was different: sediment yield rate of LT, CT and TS increased continuously with high-sediment yield and that of TS, TSM and S increased first and then decreased as a whole with low sediment yield. The difference in sediment yield among the six slopes was significant, and the difference of runoff was not significant. 2) Under intermittent rainfall condition, the differentiation in slope micro-topographic morphology was much distinct. LT, CT and TS easily produced rills and the rills were developed rapidly, evolved into the rills with smaller width-depth ratio; the rills on TM, TSM and S evolved slowly, and finally the width-depth ratio of rills on S was larger; TM and TSM produced many small pits of mushroom residues evenly, and the rills were rare and shallow. The gully area and relief amplitude continued to increase with the increase of rainfall events while the gully density sharply increased then some of the substrates decreased and the others still increased. 3) The slope of the six slopes produced laminar flow, and most of substrates were supercritical flow. With the increase of rainfall events, the flow velocity and runoff power showed increasing trend while the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient and Manning roughness coefficient showed decreasing trend. The runoff shear stress didn't show obvious trend. The hydrodynamic driving factors of erosion were different among the six slopes and the runoff and sediment yield were well simulated by logarithmic, linear or power functions. LT and CT had the most serious erosion morphology on the slope and S had the obvious effect on reducing runoff. TM, S and TSM could reduce sediment loss. Among TM, S and TSM, TM was the best for reduction of sediment loss. Therefore, in the iron tailings reclamation area lack of soil resources, the addition of mushroom residues and small amount of soils is an effective way to decrease erosion and facilitate vegetation restoration.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Erosion - Flow velocity - Hydrodynamics - Iron - Laminar flow - Landforms - Morphology - Rain - Restoration - Sediments - Shear stress - Soils - Storms - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial simulated rainfall - Erosion characteristics - Hydrodynamics characteristics - Loess plateau of chinas - Manning Roughness Coefficient - Resistance coefficients - Runoff and sediment yields - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 545.1 Iron - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20203109004308
Title:Appropriate fertilizer-N application rate for high yield and premium quality of pot-seedling transplanted indica-japonica hybrid rice and conventional japonica rice
Title of translation:钵苗摆栽籼粳杂交稻和常规粳稻丰产优质适宜施氮量分析
Authors:Wu, Han (1); Zhang, Jin (1); Shi, Qiangqiang (1); He, Haibing (1); Ke, Jian (1); You, Cuicui (1); Zhu, Dequan (2); Wu, Liquan (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (3) Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Liquan(Wlq-001@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:110-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Compared with conventional Japonica rice, the grain yield of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting is more advantageous. However, there are few studies on its quality effect under high nitrogen application rate. A field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of five fertilizer-N application rates (0, 195, 255, 315, 375 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> represented by N0, N195, N255, N315, N375) on grain yield, rice quality, agronomic traits and economic benefit of Yongyou1540 (Indica-Japonica hybrid rice) and Zhendao18 (conventional Japonica rice), which are local main cultivars, in 2016 and 2017. Due to increase in leaf area index and net photosynthetic rate after the panicle initiation, dry matter accumulation, increase in the number of spikelets per panicle, the filled grain rate and thousand-grain weight were ensured, the grain yield of Yongyou1540 under N315 was the highest at 11.55 t/hm<sup>2</sup> (2016) and 10.30 t/hm<sup>2</sup> (2017). No significant difference was found for rice yield of conventional japonica rice Zhendao18 among different nitrogen application rates, with grain yield of 8.49-8.91 t/hm<sup>2</sup> and 7.43-7.91 t/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2016 and 2017. When the nitrogen application rate was less than 315 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the dry matter accumulation at the maturity stage and leaf area index at the heading stage of Yongyou1540 increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When the nitrogen application rate exceeded 315 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, it continued to increase and even had a downward trend. Increased application of nitrogen fertilizer improved the milling quality by increasing the brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and improved nutritional quality by increasing the protein content of the two varieties. However, the chalkiness and chalkiness degree increased and the amylose content decreased. The head rice rate of Yonyou1540 under N315 was 74.17% and 69.97% in 2016 and 2017, and they were not significantly different from N375. The chalkiness (11.00%, 17.33%) under N315 had no significant difference with N195. In addition, the percentage of head rice, protein content, chalkiness and amylose content of Zhendao18 under N195 was not significantly different from the other nitrogen fertilizer treatments. As the amount of nitrogen applied increased, the net income of Yongyou 1540 showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and N315 was the largest (15 513.3 and 12 263.3 Yuan/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2016 and 2017). However, the income-increasing benefit of Zhendao 18 was not obvious due to increasing application of nitrogen fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer with high-yield and premium-quality of Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting was 315 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, and that of conventional Japonica rice was 195 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Compared to Zhendao18, Yongyou1540 in pot-seedling transplanting under suitable nitrogen levels improved grain yield by 22.9%-23.2%, increased head rice rate by 2.15%-4.50%, increased protein content by 30.44%-37.41%, and increased economic benefits by 51.07%-53.33% while reduced chalkiness by 9.52%-13.73%. In general, it is conducive to improving rice yield, quality and economic benefits for selecting Indica-Japonica hybrid rice in pot-seedling transplanting under 315 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> nitrogen fertilizer along the Yangtze River area in Anhui Province.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Cyclodextrins - Economic and social effects - Nitrogen fertilizers - Plants (botany) - Proteins
Uncontrolled terms:Application rates - Dry matter accumulation - Economic benefits - Japonica hybrid rice - Net photosynthetic rate - Nitrogen application rates - Nutritional qualities - Seedling transplanting
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.73e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+00% to 4.50e+00%, Percentage 2.29e+01% to 2.32e+01%, Percentage 3.04e+01% to 3.74e+01%, Percentage 5.11e+01% to 5.33e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.42e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+00% to 1.37e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20203109004479
Title:Image recognition of field wheat scab based on multi-way convolutional neural network
Title of translation:基于多路卷积神经网络的大田小麦赤霉病图像识别
Authors:Bao, Wenxia (1); Sun, Qing (1); Hu, Gensheng (1); Huang, Linsheng (1); Liang, Dong (1); Zhao, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Various wheat diseases can seriously deteriorate the quality and yield to decline significantly, thereby to restrict the high-quality and sustainable development of modern agriculture in China. An accurate and efficient identification of wheat scab become urgent to control the spread of pests and diseases, and to guarantee for the wheat yield. In this study, a research object was taken as the image of wheat ears that infected with scab during grouting period. A multi-way convolutional neural network was designed to identify the wheat scab images based on the color distribution characteristics of the diseased and healthy areas on the research object. Firstly, a deep semantic segmentation network U-Net was used to segment the wheat images in the field environment to remove the influence of wheat leaves and other unrelated backgrounds, particularly on densely growing wheat ears, the cluttered backgrounds of wheat leaves and soil, and complex outdoor lighting. Since the segmentation can efficiently reduce the noise from complex backgrounds, the image of a single wheat ear was segmented for the subsequent image recognition of wheat scab. Then, a simple multi-way convolutional neural network was used to extract the feature information via three R, G, B channels of the wheat ear images. Three feature vectors can be output by the convolutional neural network, and then be merged by vector stitching at the end of the network. After the last pooling layer, the feature vectors were selected to be stitched in the channel dimension in order to form thicker features. This processing can enrich the features described by the wheat data sample in a high-level feature vector. Finally, a joint loss function was used to further improve the performance of the network, particularly on the image detection from the infected wheat ears with head blight, in order to reduce the detecting time for the difference between the features within the head of blight mildew images. After the segmentation, 2 745 images of complete single wheat scab were obtained via the comparison of 510 wheat images that collected in the field environment. A multi-way convolutional neural network combined color channels can increase the width of entire network, and enhance the utilization of each layer of channels, indicating that each layer can learn rich features, such as texture features in different directions and different frequencies. The experimental results showed that the joint loss function learning can increase the distance between different classes, whereas reduce the distance between the same class, thereby to make the network extract more robust features for the identification of wheat scab based on the multi-way convolutional neural network. The findings demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can achieve 100% recognition accuracy for wheat scab, and further provide a valuable support for the intelligent identification of wheat diseases.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Convolutional neural networks
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Complex networks - Convolution - Disease control - Image enhancement - Image recognition - Image segmentation - Multilayer neural networks - Semantics - Sustainable development - Textures - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Cluttered backgrounds - Different frequency - Feature information - High-level features - Intelligent identification - Modern agricultures - Recognition accuracy - Semantic segmentation
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20203109004321
Title:Relationship between runoff and sediment load in Dali River Basin based on coupling coordination degree
Title of translation:基于耦合协调度的大理河流域径流和输沙关系分析
Authors:Jia, Lu (1); Ren, Zongping (1); Li, Zhanbin (1); Li, Peng (2); Xu, Guoce (2); Zhang, Tiegang (3); Yang, Yuanyuan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an; 710048, China; (3) Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources, Huhhot; 010020, China
Corresponding author:Ren, Zongping(renzongping@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:86-94
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Dali River Basin locates in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, to serve as an important support to the industry and agriculture in northern China. The change of runoff-sediment has become a key issue for the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Since the 1950s, large-scale projects of water and soil conservation have been performed on the middle reaches of the Yellow River, such as Dali River, in order to improve the local ecological environment in the future. Runoff and sediment load have decreased significantly, and the relationship between water and sediment load has changed in recent years. In this study, Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze varying trend of runoff sediment load in the Dali River Basin from 1960 to 2015, and then the coordination degree theory and the Pettitt test method were used to clarify the change-point of the relationship between runoff and sediment load. Copula method was selected to verify the obtained change-point data via the joint cumulative probability of runoff and sediment load. The results show that: (1) the runoff and sediment load in the Dali River Basin indicated a significant downward trend at different time scales, such as monthly and annual scales. The variation in runoff and sediment load depended significantly on the external environment; (2) in the relationship between runoff and sediment load, the change-point occurred in 1996, indicating the year of 1996 was a turning point in the management of soil and water loss in the Dali River Basin; (3) after the change-point, both runoff and sediment load were significantly reduced. The reduction was higher than that before the change-point, where the reduction of sediment load was 29.19 percentage points higher than that of runoff, while the contribution of runoff to sediment load decreased by 5.10%, indicating the decrease in sediment transport of runoff per unit; (4) check dam construction and vegetation restoration can be the main factors for the changes of water and sediment load in the Dali River Basin. From 1998 to 2015, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) change in the Dali River Basin has shown a significant increase trend, indicating that the policy of returning farmland to forests has been effectively implemented in local regions. The restoration of vegetation has a positive effect on the reduction of runoff and sediment load. Most check dams have been built in the Dali River Basin, to directly intercept the sediment, while the triggered some changes of runoff, can indirectly prevent the generation and transportation of the sediment. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and promising potentials to clarify the change of water-sediment relationship, the control of soil erosion, and the soil and water conservation in the Dali River Basin, particularly in the Loess Plateau.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Restoration - Rivers - Sediment transport - Soil conservation - Soil testing - Soils - Vegetation - Water conservation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative probabilities - Ecological environments - External environments - Large-scale projects - Normalized difference vegetation index - Soil and water conservation - Vegetation restoration - Water and soil conservations
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.10e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20203109004350
Title:Methane production performance of semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation with rice straw pretreated by microbial community
Title of translation:复合菌系预处理稻秆半连续厌氧发酵产甲烷性能
Authors:Pan, Yunxia (1); Liu, Siqi (1); He, Yaqing (1); Xiang, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:261-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country with the most abundant straw resources in the world, and about 1.04 billion tons of straw is produced annually. Using anaerobic fermentation technology to transform straw into high-yielding calorific value of biogas is one of the effective ways to solve the environmental pollution caused by incineration, and is also an important means to improve the total quantification and resource utilization of agricultural waste. Straw is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, which are tight association and intertwined by chemical bonds. This dense structure will prevent straw from contacting with microorganisms. Therefore, pretreatments are necessary to facilitate biogas production by overcoming hydrolysis limitations. In the present study, rice straw were pretreated by microbial community for semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation, after taking out the samples in the fermentation stage of acid production, the degradation of rice straw by microbial community for acid production effect was studied by high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic technology, and the structure and function of microbial community were analyzed, which was then applied to semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation for methane production. The acid production fermentation temperature was (35±1)℃, and semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation was (35±1)℃. The inoculation amount of the microbial community in the fermentation stage of acid production was 3%, after fermentation for 3 days, the volatile fatty acid (VFAs) and alcohol produced by biological pretreatment was centrifuged at 2 000 r/min for 10 min, and then 285.7 mL of which was inoculated into the semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation lasted for 40 days, and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 7 days. In the anaerobic fermentation tank, the biogas slurry of pig manure fermentation with the inoculation volume ratio of 20% was used as the inoculation material. The degradation of rice straw by microbial community in the acid production fermentation was found mainly occurred in the first 3 days, and the degradation rate of rice straw reached 64.05%, the degradation rate of rice straw by microbial community was 89.02% after 12 days of pretreatment, and the degradation rates of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin were 88.73%, 80.51% and 62.68%, respectively. The metabolites of rice straw pretreated by microbial community were mainly acetic acid and butyric acid, which accounted for 54.51% and 29.02% of the total VFAs, respectively. Microbial community is mainly composed of Cellulosilyticum, Prevotella, Pseudomonas, Mobilitalea, Lysinibacillus, Clostridium and Oscillibacter etc, all of them have a relative contribution to carbon metabolism of more than 45%, among them, Prevotella and Cellulosilyticum on metabolism of fructose, mannose and pentose transformation have the largest relative contribution, reaching 20.90% and 11.98%, respectively. Pseudomonas has the largest relative contribution to lignin degradation, reaching 7.5%. Semi-continuous anaerobic fermentation was carried out on rice straw pretreated by microbial community, the daily gas yield, methane content and daily methane yield increased by 11.34%, 25.24% and 34.10% respectively compared with the control, and the daily methane yield was always maintained at about 200 mL/d. We conclude that rice straw pretreatment by microbial community can effectively improve the efficiency of rice straw anaerobic fermentation to produce methane.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Bacteria - Biogas - Bond strength (chemical) - Butyric acid - Cellulose - Degradation - Environmental technology - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Lignin - Mammals - Manures - Metabolism - Metabolites - Methane - Throughput - Waste incineration
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biological pre-treatment - Environmental pollutions - Fermentation temperature - High-throughput sequencing - Hydraulic retention time - Pig manure fermentations - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454 Environmental Engineering - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.10e-01yr, Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 3.29e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.09e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.41e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 5.45e+01%, Percentage 6.27e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+00%, Percentage 8.05e+01%, Percentage 8.87e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+03RPM, Time 6.00e+02s, Volume 2.86e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20203109004545
Title:Contributions of composite erosion forces on undisturbed Pisha sandstone slope in different seasons
Title of translation:砒砂岩原状坡面不同季节复合侵蚀动力的贡献研究
Authors:Fu, Jinxia (1); Wang, Jing (1); Zhang, Baoli (1); Wu, Juan (1); Yang, Yuchun (1); Xiao, Peiqing (2); Yao, Wenyi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, Peiqing(peiqingxiao@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil erosion is very severe in Pisha sandstone area, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in China, and the erosion modulus can reach 30 000-40 000 t/(km<sup>2</sup>∙a). Although the Pisha sandstone area only accounts for 2% of the Yellow River basin, the coarse sediment (particle size > 0.05 mm) derived from this area accounts for 25% of the total sediment deposition in the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The alternation and coupling effects of water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion have become important reasons of fragile ecological environment and serious soil erosion in this area. To reveal the seasonal variation characteristics of multi-dynamic composite erosion in Pisha sandstone area, this study analyzed the seasonal interaction characteristics of water erosion, wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion on Pisha sandstone slope, and quantitatively determined the contribution of each erosion force to the original Pisha sandstone slope by integrating field observation in-situ, 3D laser scanner and GIS technologies. The data included the four-phase topographic point cloud data of three bare experimental plots from March 2018 to April 2019, the measured erosion amounts of each plot and meterological data of the study area. The three bare experimental plots included undisturbed plots with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw and wind composite erosion, a control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion and a control plot with freeze-thaw erosion only, and the size of each plot was 12.5 m by 2.5 m. The results showed that, from March to June and from November to April of the next year, the main erosion forces on Pisha sandstone slope were freeze-thaw plus wind forces, and from July to October the main erosion force was hydraulic force. From March 2018 to April 2019, the total erosion amount of the undisturbed plot, the control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion and the control plot with freeze-thaw erosion was 111.63, 84.90 and 19.65 kg, respectively. Namely, the composite erosion amount was the highest for the plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw and wind composite erosion, followed by the plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion, and that with the freeze-thaw erosion. The superimposition effect of multi-dynamic composite erosion on Pisha sandstone slope was obvious. In the three periods from March to June, July to October and November to April of the next year, the erosion proportions of the undisturbed plot were 10.58%, 76.61% and 12.81%, respectively; The erosion proportions of the control plot with hydraulic plus freeze-thaw composite erosion were 10.43%, 78.57% and 11.00%, respectively; and the erosion proportions of the control plot with freeze-thaw erosion were 31.90%, 28.65% and 39.45%, respectively. In the three periods, for the Pisha sandstone undisturbed slope, the contribution rates of hydraulic erosion were 21.85%, 71.42% and 11.12%, the contribution rates of freeze-thaw erosion were 53.09%, 6.58% and 54.20%, and the contribution rates of wind erosion were 25.06%, 21.99% and 34.69%, respectively. Namely, the seasonal erosion amount of each erosion force were the highest for the freeze-thaw erosion, followed by wind erosion and water erosion from March to June and from November to April of the next year. Water erosion followed of the total erosion amount. In the whole study period, water erosion accounted for 58.45%, and freeze-thaw and wind erosions both accounted for 41.55%. In 2018, the influence degree of each erosion force on Pisha sandstone slope was the highest for water erosion, followed by freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion. In addition, 3D laser scanning technology provided a convenient and efficient mean for monitoring topographic fluctuation and calculating soil erosion in complex terrain areas. The research results can provide valuable information for comprehensive control of composite erosion in Pisha sandstone area.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Freezing - Laser applications - Particle size - Rivers - Sandstone - Scanning - Soils - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:3D-laserscanning technology - Comprehensive controls - Ecological environments - Interaction characteristics - Lower reaches of the yellow rivers - Seasonal variation - Sediment deposition - Yellow River basin
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 744.9 Laser Applications
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.96e+01kg, Mass 8.49e+01kg, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 3.95e+01%, Percentage 4.15e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+01%, Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 5.85e+01%, Percentage 6.58e+00%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 7.66e+01%, Percentage 7.86e+01%, Size 1.25e+01m, Size 2.50e+00m, Size 5.00e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20203109004541
Title:Effects of drought on maize yield under climate change in China
Title of translation:气候变化下干旱对中国玉米产量的影响
Authors:Xu, Kun (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Xiufang (1, 2, 3); Liu, Ying (1, 3); Guo, Rui (3); Chen, Lingyi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Xiufang(zhuxiufang@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:149-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Since more frequent and severe droughts will occur in China under the background of global climate change in the future, understanding temporal and spatial characteristics of drought and its potential impacts on agricultural production are especially significant for ensuring agricultural sustainability and national food security. In this study, we selected 241 prefecture-level units as the study area in 5 main maize planting regions of China: the northern spring-maize region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer-maize region, the southwest mountain-hilly maize region, the south hilly maize region and the northwest irrigated maize region. Based on the AquaCrop crop growth model, we simulated the historical crop water stress and corresponding maize yield during the historical period (1980-1999) using ERA-Interim Daily dataset from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and CN05.1 dataset from Laboratory for Climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, and simulated the future crop water stress and corresponding maize yield for two future periods: Mid-21<sup>st</sup> Century (2030-2049) and End-21<sup>st</sup> Century (2080-2099) under 3 representative concentration paths (rcp2.6, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5) using meteorological data from 5 global coupled models in Phase 5 of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP5). Based on the AquaCrop model's irrigation management function, we set up 2 irrigation scenarios in each simulation: rain-fed and complete irrigation. We defined drought hazard index as the daily average value of crop water stress indicator under the rain-fed scenario to indicate drought intensity and defined the drought loss as the difference between the crop yield under the rain-fed scenario and the complete irrigation scenario to indicate the loss intensity. Then, the change of historical and future drought intensity was compared and analyzed, and the yield loss rate under different climate scenarios in the future was discussed. After that, a regression model was created to evaluate the effect of drought intensity on yield loss on that basis. The results showed that: 1) In terms of spatial distribution, both drought intensity and maize yield loss in China were decreasing from northwest to southeast in the future under all representative concentration paths. The northwest irrigated maize region had the largest drought intensity and crop yield loss, followed by the northern spring-maize region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer-maize region, the south hilly maize region and the southwest mountain-hilly maize region. 2) Except for a slight decrease in the southwest mountain-hilly maize region, China's drought intensity in the future would increase in general compared with the historical period, especially under rcp4.5 and rcp8.5 scenarios. Among the 4 maize regions, the increased rate of drought intensity was the largest in the south hilly maize region, followed by the Huang-Huai-Hai summer-maize region, the northern spring-maize region, and the northwest irrigated maize region. 3) The effect of drought intensity on yield loss in all rcp scenarios could be described well by a logistic curve, the R<sup>2</sup> of the regression result was 0.96. The logistic curve showed that the yield loss rate of maize began to increase rapidly when the drought hazard index reaches around 0.2 and it approached the maximum value when the drought hazard index was near 0.6. 4)Drought would be most serious in Northwest China in the future, and its corresponding maize yield was estimated to more than 90% on average without irrigation. The drought hazard index of the northern spring-maize region and Huang-Huai-Hai summer-maize region were mostly in the middle of the "S" shape curve, where the slope of the curve was largest. Thus, the benefits of irrigation in these two regions would be the highest with the most sensitive response of yield loss to drought intensity. Besides, considering the maize production was also the highest in these two regions, adequate water should be provided for agricultural irrigation. The results of this study would provide an important reference for the development of regional agricultural drought adaptation strategy and have certain guiding significance for planning and reducing the potential negative impact of drought on agricultural production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Climate change - Climate models - Crops - Food supply - Hazards - Irrigation - Landforms - Rain - Regression analysis - Weather forecasting - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptation strategies - Agricultural irrigation - Agricultural productions - Agricultural sustainability - European centre for medium-range weather forecasts - Global climate changes - Guiding significances - Irrigation management
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 481.1 Geology - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20203109004482
Title:Force analysis of piles in net enclosure aquaculture engineering subjected to waves and current
Title of translation:波流作用下围网养殖工程的桩柱结构受力分析
Authors:Gui, Fukun (1); Zhang, Binbin (1); Qu, Xiaoyu (2); Wang, Ping (1); Shao, Zhenyu (1); Feng, Dejun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China; (2) School of Fisheries, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Dejun(fengdj88@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Net enclosure aquaculture is a newly developed eco-friendly marine aquaculture method and has been applied extensively in China because of the advantages of large water body, wide space for fish activities, closer to nature culture environment and closer to wild culture objects. Pile-type and floating-rope-type are two main construction types of enclosure engineering, and the pile-type is more preferable owing to its higher performance in withstanding harsh ocean environment. The pile-type aquaculture engineering consists of net panel system and pile system configured in mono or multi rows. In practice, the overturn and breakage of the piles have occurred and lead to the escape of cultured fishes, resulting in great economic loss. In order to solve these problems and improve the stability and safety of piles, the mechanical characteristics of piles in marine dynamic environment were analyzed in this study, and the pile-type aquaculture site located at Taohua island, Zhoushan was chosen as the study case. The subgrade reaction method, representing the soil surrounding of the pile by a series of discrete horizontal springs was adopted to investigate the effects of water depth, current velocity, wave height and combined action of wave and current, together with the embedded depth on the dynamic response of piles. The results showed that the maximum displacement was found at the top of the pile and increased with the increase of current velocity, wave height and water depth, and decreased with the increase of embedded depth. The positive and negative bending moment in the sides of the vertical line of zero bending moment increased first and then decreased along the pile, showing a shape of symmetrical S. The maximum bending moment was found about 2 m underneath the sea bed and exhibited a similar dynamic tendency to that of the maximum lateral deflection. As for the case of pure current, the piles kept stable and safety at the current velocity of 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5 m/s. However, it could be damaged when the wave height exceeded 5 m or in the combined action of wave height of 3.0 m and current velocity of 1.0 m/s. For the engineering case in this study, the embedded depth should be larger than 17 m when the wave height of 5 m was considered as the lateral loading. In addition, a ratio of the length above the sea bed surface and embedded in the sea bed of the pile not more than 0.8 was advisable. Filed observation of the piles lateral deflection and stress force should be monitored in a long period so as to improve the analytical method specially used for net enclosure engineering. The results can provide guidance for the net enclosure design and construction.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Piles
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Bending moments - Enclosures - Fish - Losses - Safety engineering - Velocity - Water waves
Uncontrolled terms:Culture environments - Design and construction - Dynamic environments - Dynamic response of piles - Maximum bending moments - Maximum displacement - Mechanical characteristics - Subgrade reaction method
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 914 Safety Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.70e+01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20203109004480
Title:Specific heat prediction model based on nutritional composition for fish feed
Title of translation:基于营养组成的鱼饲料比热预测模型
Authors:Chen, Jiyuan (1); Wang, Hongying (1); Jin, Nan (1); Chang, Chuchen (1); Fang, Peng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:296-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The conditioning and extrusion are important heat treatment process that affects the feed quality in the production of fish feed. In the mechanism research and process parameter optimization of the above process, as one of the basic thermal characteristics, specific heat is an essential parameter. The existing research about animal feed processing, mainly explores the variation of specific heat with processing parameters such as temperature and moisture content. But there is fewer research on specific heat prediction models based on nutritional composition. In order to improve the adaptability and accuracy of the model, this research comprehensively explores the influence of processing parameters (temperature, moisture content) and nutritional composition (protein content, fat content) on the specific heat of fish feed. The objectives of this investigation were to explore the thermal property of fish feed during processing, to regulate the heat supplement during conditioning and extruding, and to explore the adaptability of the existing specific heat prediction model that applied for livestock and poultry feed to fish feed that had high fat and protein content. The four main ingredients of fish feed formula were chosen, including fishmeal, soybean meal, wheat flour and soybean oil. Soybean meal and wheat were grinded using a universal grinder equipped with the 1 mm sieve, and all raw materials were passed through a 40 mesh screen. Fish meal and soybean meal were used as protein sources, and soybean oil was used as fat source. There were 9 diets with 3 crude protein levels (30%, 40%, 50%) and 3 crude fat levels (5%, 11%, 17%) to represent fish feeds with different feeding habits. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) was used to measure the specific heat of 9 diets in the temperature range of 20-120℃ and the moisture content range of 20%-26%, the influence rule of the above 4 factors on the specific heat was analyzed, and specific heat prediction model for 4 factors was constructed. The results showed that the specific heat of fish feed was significantly affected by moisture content, temperature, crude protein content, and crude fat content. The main order of each factor was, moisture content, temperature, crude protein content, crude fat content. The specific heat increased linearly with the increase of the water content and the crude protein content, but decreased linearly with the increase of the crude fat content. The specific heat had a non-linear relationship with temperature, which was a quadratic regression relationship. In all experiments, the specific heat of fish feed varied from 1.70 to 2.70 kJ/(kg∙℃). Based on experimental data, a multiple regression model (R<sup>2</sup>=0.991) of specific heat that in relation to processing parameters (temperature and moisture content) and nutritional composition (crude protein content and crude fat content) was established. It can improve the adaptability of specific heat for livestock and poultry feed in the existing research. The prediction model can effectively predict the specific heat of fish feed within the range of this study variable. The research results can provide basic data for the establishment of heat transfer mathematical models of fish feed during conditioning and extruding, and also provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of heat supplement parameters in the productive process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Thermal processing (foods)
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Differential scanning calorimetry - Fish - Forecasting - Heat transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nutrition - Predictive analytics - Proteins - Regression analysis - Soybean oil - Specific heat
Uncontrolled terms:Dsc(differential scanning calorimetry) - Heat treatment process - Multiple regression model - Non-linear relationships - Nutritional compositions - Process parameter optimization - Processing parameters - Thermal characteristics
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 944.6 Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20203109004306
Title:Design and performance analysis of multi-effect solar brackish water distillation devices based on vertical tube falling film
Title of translation:基于竖管降膜的多效太阳能苦咸水蒸馏器设计及性能分析
Authors:Chang, Zehui (1, 2); Zhu, Guopeng (1); Li, Ruichen (1); Hou, Jing (3); Li, Jianye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Engineering Center of Solar Energy Utilization Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (3) College of Building Equipment and Automation, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot; 010070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:218-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Freshwater and energy are indispensable resources for human survival and social developments. However, fresh water scarcity is expanding and intensifying around the world because of rapid population growth, industry development, abnormal climate and urbanization. Especially, the shortage of useful water has become more obviously for isolated or arid regions. Great amount of groundwater in these regions found in wells usually remains brackish water. To obtain safe and pure drinking water, various brackish water distillation technologies have been increasingly recommended as a viable alternative. However, conventional distillation processes have indicated highly energy consumption, and potential environmental impacts due to the utilization of fossil fuels. It is necessary to utilize solar energy for the brackish water distillation, in order to meet the high requirement of potable water and agriculture in the remote and arid regions blessed with ample amount of solar energy. This paper therefore designed a novel multi-effect solar brackish water distillation device based on vertical tube falling film, which allows testing of four operational modes, i.e., single-effect, double-effect, triple-effect and four-effect. Compared with conventional solar brackish water distillation device, some advantages can be achieved, such as falling film evaporation, multi-effect operation, smaller thermal resistance, and higher efficiency of thermal utilization. The working principle was introduced for the four-effect device and structure. A theoretical analysis of heat and mass transfer process of the device was carried out. The water yield, evaporation temperature and condensation temperature of the device for four operation modes were tested under the fixed heating power operation. The effects of the different operation effects on the water yield per energy and GOR (Gain Output Ratio) were investigated, together with the economic analysis of the multi-effect devices. The results demonstrated that when the heating power was 200W, the water yield per energy and the total water production of the four-effect device were 1.45 g/kJ and 1.039 kg/h, indicating an increase by 36.80% and 35.88% than that of the triple-effect device, respectively. The steady-state operation temperature was 83.76℃, while the total temperature difference of evaporation and condensation was 19.07 <sup>o</sup>C in the four-effect device. The GOR of four-effect device can reach 3.36. The payback period of four-effect device was 5.69 years. Performance and economic analyses of the devices indicated a wide applicability of the system, especially for remote and arid regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Potable water
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Arid regions - Condensation - Distillation - Distilleries - Economic analysis - Energy utilization - Environmental impact - Evaporation - Fossil fuels - Groundwater - Investments - Mass transfer - Population statistics - Solar energy - Solar power generation
Uncontrolled terms:Condensation temperature - Evaporation and condensation - Falling-film evaporation - Heat and mass transfer process - Indispensable resources - Rapid population growth - Steady state operation temperature - Total temperature difference
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 615.2 Solar Power - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.69e+00yr, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.89e-04kg/s, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 3.68e+01%, Power 2.00e+02W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20203109004328
Title:Heating performance of solar assisted closed-type heating tower heat pump system in winter
Title of translation:太阳能辅助闭式热源塔热泵系统冬季制热性能
Authors:Feng, Rong (1, 3); Liu, Ye (2); Fang, Junfei (1, 3); Meng, Xin (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong; 723001, China; (2) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; 710049, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Industrial Automation, Hanzhong; 723001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:210-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The heating tower heat pump system used air as its cold and heat source, whose performance will drop as the ambient temperature decreases during heating periods in winter conditions. Thus, a household solar assisted closed type heating tower heat pump system which could be used for the rural buildings in southern Shaanxi area was developed, which mainly include a solar heat collector, a hot water tank, a closed-type heating tower, a heat pump unit and the pipes and values. The heating performance of the system under winter heating conditions was experimentally studied, and the complementary mechanism of solar thermal energy and air thermal energy was preliminary analyzed. The results show that, first, under single heating tower heat pump model, the heating capacity of the system is in 12.3 to 15.0 kW, the COP of the heat pump unit is in 2.3 to 3.5, the SEER of the system is in 1.5 to 2.1, under the solar assisted heating tower heat pump model, the heating capacity of the system is in 12.1 to 15.2 kW, the COP of the heat pump unit is in 2.7 to 3.3, the SEER of the system is in 1.8 to 2.4, the heating temperature is higher than 41℃ under two models, which could meet the temperature demands of building heating in southern Shaanxi area. Second, the temperature of cooling water has a greater impact on the power consumption of the compressor than that of antifreeze solution, for every 1℃ increase in the average temperature of cooling water, the power consumption of compressor increases by 98.1W, and for every 1℃ increase in average temperature of the antifreeze solution, the power consumption of the compressor decreases by 9.5W. Third, under the single heating tower heat pump model, the change in the heat absorption of the heating tower is consistent with the change of ambient temperature; under the solar assisted heating tower heat pump mode, the absorbed solar thermal energy by the antifreeze solution is consistent with the change in the temperature of hot water tank, and the change of the heat absorption from ambient is opposite to the change of the ambient temperature, but the total heat absorption of the antifreeze solution still maintains a consistent trend with the ambient temperature; else, when the fan frequency is fixed, the heat pump unit changes the heat absorption from ambient and solar water tank of the antifreeze solution by changing the heat exchange temperature difference between the antifreeze solution and solar water and the air, to achieve complementarity with the solar thermal energy and air thermal energy. It is recommended that in actual applications, the heating temperature should be avoided too high to reduce the power consumption of the compressor, and when the temperature of the hot water tank is high, the frequency of the fan should be reduced to decrease the power consumption of the fan to improve the system SEER, but the hidden dangers may bring to the safe operation of the system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Heat pump systems
Controlled terms:Antifreeze solutions - Compressors - Cooling water - Electric power utilization - Hot water distribution systems - Solar energy - Solar heating - Temperature - Thermal energy - Towers - Water - Water absorption - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Building heating - Complementary mechanisms - Heating performance - Heating temperatures - Solar thermal energy - Temperature decrease - Temperature differences - Winter conditions
Classification code:402.4 Towers - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.1 Compressors - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Power 1.21e+04W to 1.52e+04W, Power 1.23e+04W to 1.50e+04W, Power 9.50e+00W, Power 9.81e+01W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20203109004297
Title:Parameters calibration of discrete element model for alfalfa straw compression simulation
Title of translation:苜蓿秸秆压缩仿真离散元模型参数标定
Authors:Ma, Yanhua (1); Song, Chundong (1); Xuan, Chuanzhong (1); Wang, Haoyi (1); Yang, Shuai (1); Wu, Pei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Facilities in Prataculture and Livestock Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Pei(jdwp@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:22-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Alfalfa is compressed into pellets, which can not only solve the problem of storage and transportation, but also maintain the nutrition of alfalfa. Therefore, alfalfa pellet has broad market application prospects. In the compression process, the compression piston overcomes the material deformation resistance, the friction between the materials and the friction between the materials and the inner wall of the die. Researching the effect of pressure on the material in the die is helpful to reveal the compressing mechanism and select the reasonable compression parameters. The discrete element simulation analysis provides an effective method for the stress research in the process of alfalfa straw densification. In the simulation analysis of alfalfa straw compression process with EDEM software, the accuracy of the input parameters has significant influences on the simulation results. The simulation parameters used in EDEM software for simulation of alfalfa straw compression were calibrated based on the combination of physical experiment and simulation optimization design in this study. The physical experiments of the contact parameters alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw and alfalfa straw-45 steel were carried out with test equipments such as inclinometer and high-speed camera, and the collision recovery coefficient of alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 while alfalfa straw-45 steel was 0.1-0.6, static friction coefficient of alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw was 0.3-0.6 while alfalfa straw-45 steel was 0.2-0.8, and rolling friction coefficient of alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw and alfalfa straw--45 steel were 0-0.3, respectively. Based on the physical experiment results of contact parameters, the Plackett-Burman test was used to screen the initial parameters. The results of variance analysis showed that the static friction coefficient of alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw, rolling friction coefficient of alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw, static friction coefficient of alfalfa straw -45 steel had a significant effect on the simulation repose angle. Taking the relative error value of repose angle as the evaluation index, the steepest climbing test was carried out to optimize the range of significant parameters. Based on the Box-Behnken test, the second-order regression model of repose angle and significance parameters was established, Taking the 38.88° repose angle obtained from the physical experiment as the target value, the significance parameters were optimized and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained: alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw static friction coefficient 0.45, alfalfa straw-alfalfa straw rolling friction coefficient 0.08, and alfalfa straw -45 steel static friction coefficient 0.54. Finally, the parameters were used in the simulation experiments and repeated three times. The simulated repose angles of alfalfa straw were 39.62°, 37.83°, 38.69°, respectively. The results of T-test (P = 0.778> 0.05) with Origin 2018 software indicated that there was no significant difference in repose angle between the simulation and the physical test, which verified the reliability of the optimal parameter combination. The results showed that it was feasible to calibrate the contact parameters of alfalfa straw with the above optimization experiments. The calibration method can provide reference for the discrete element parameter calibration of other materials and the parameters obtained by the calibration method in this study can provide a parameter basis for the further study on the forming mechanism of the material block and the law of stress transfer in the material layer by using the discrete element method.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Calibration - High speed cameras - Pelletizing - Regression analysis - Software reliability - Software testing - Steel testing - Stiction - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Discrete element modeling - Discrete element simulation - Optimal parameter combinations - Parameters calibrations - Second-order regression model - Simulation optimization - Static friction coefficient - Storage and transportations
Classification code:545.3 Steel - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20203109004569
Title:Suitability analysis of multi-scale remote sensing products in Taihang Mountain afforestation project
Title of translation:多尺度遥感产品在太行山绿化工程中的适用性分析
Authors:Guo, Hui (1); Dong, Shiwei (2, 3); Xin, Xuebing (1); Pei, Shunxiang (1); Wu, Sha (1); Chu, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 102300, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Shiwei(dshiwei2006@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:159-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to cope with the deteriorating ecological environment, the Chinese government has carried out a series of major forestry ecological construction projects. The selection of remote sensing products is the basis of ecological benefit monitoring and resource asset accounting for major forestry projects. This study took the Taihang Mountain Greening Project in Beijing as an example to assess the applicability of different scale remote sensing products in major forestry ecological construction projects. The study compared the area and special accuracy of remote sensing products extracted from MCD12Q1, NLCD-China and FROMGLC10 of different spatial resolutions in 2017 and tried to propose the recommended strategies of 3 kinds of products at different spatial scales and application levels in the scope of the project. The difference analysis of forest area was carried out by area deviation analysis and root-mean-square error based on the statistical area. The accuracy of remote sensing products was evaluated by the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient based on the high-resolution image test samples, and the spatial consistency analysis was performed by the confusion matrix. The study analyzed the priority recommendation strategy of 3 remote sensing products by priority index based on the results of area and accuracy difference analysis in the Taihang Mountain Afforestation Project was calculated. The results showed that: 1) From the perspective of the Taihang mountain afforestation project as a whole, FROMGLC10 was more adaptable than NLCD-China and MCD12Q1. NLCD-China had good consistency of forest area and statistical area by area deviation, followed by MCD12Q1 and FROMGLC10. FROMGLC10 had the highest spatial accuracy, followed by NLCD-China and MCD12Q1. FROMGLC10 had the highest priority index, followed by NLCD-China and MCD12Q1. The difference in priorities between FROMGLC10 and NLCD-China was smaller. FROMGLC10 had a large advantage in spatial position monitoring, and NLCD-China had a greater advantage in forest area estimation. Therefore, remote sensing products should be selected for research purposes. MCD12Q1 and FROMGLC10 had the best forest area consistency, followed by NLCD-China and FROMGLC10. NLCD-China and MCD12Q1 had the most spatial confusion. Among the 3 remote sensing products, grassland and shrubbery were seriously confused with forest. They were difficult to distinguish in land classification. 2) Due to differences in data sources, classification methods, terrain, vegetation cover landscape features, etc., there were some differences in forest area, accuracy evaluation, spatial consistency and priority index of 3 different scales, and their applicability was not consistent at the district levels in the Taihang mountain afforestation project. In Shijingshan, Mentougou, Changping, and Haidian, FROMGLC10 had the best applicability. In Fengtai District, NLCD-China was the preferred data. In Fangshan District, FROMGLC10 and NLCD-China had a relatively close priority. This was mainly due to the high spatial accuracy of FROMGLC10 but the larger area deviation in Fangshan District. NLCD-China's accuracy of area and space was more balanced in Fangshan District. 3) The definition of forest classification, data sources and timely selection, spatial resolution and classification methods were constraints on the selection of suitability of remote sensing products. The applicability of remote sensing products was comprehensively evaluated by the priority index. If there was a small gap between the priority indexes of different remote sensing products, it was necessary to further study the threshold rules and criteria for determining the applicability of data in combination with the characteristics of data and the purpose of research. In practical application, it was necessary to select the data of the most suitable remote sensing products according to the different monitoring and research purposes of forestry ecological construction projects. This study provided theoretical support for the real-time monitoring, quantitative evaluation, and resource accounting of the Taihang mountain afforestation project in Beijing.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Ecology - Image resolution - Landforms - Mean square error - Reforestation - Space optics - Timber
Uncontrolled terms:Classification methods - Ecological construction - Ecological environments - Forest classification - High resolution image - Quantitative evaluation - Recommendation strategies - Root mean square errors
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 656.1 Space Flight - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20203109004283
Title:Construction of the vibration model of the fruit trees with fruits and leaves for vibration harvesting
Title of translation:用于振动采收的有果有叶果树振动模型构建
Authors:Xu, Linyun (1); Liu, Guanhua (1); Zhou, Jie (1); Zhou, Hongping (1); Jiang, Xuesong (1); Xuan, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-12
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most existing finite element models of a fruit tree used the trunk-branch model to simulating vibration response, ignoring the effects of fruit and leaves. But the fruitless and leafless model had many differences with the actual fruit tree and could not accurately calculate the vibration characteristics. In this study, a method for constructing a tree's vibration model with fruits and leaves had been proposed. This method combined laser scanning technology and finite element calculation methods, having the ability to calculate the vibration characteristics of fruit trees based on the accurate shape of fruit trees. The first step in constructing the model with fruits and leaves was to extract the skeleton points and branch radius from the laser scanning point cloud information of the fruit tree. The next step was using the extracted fruit tree skeleton points as the nodes of the finite element model to construct a fruitless and leafless fruit tree model. Adding mass to the nodes based on the fruits and leaves natural laws with the assumption that some kind of fruit trees had the consistent distribution of fruits and leaves during the harvest period, the 6-degree-of-freedom beam element vibration model was constructed finally. A fruit-and-leaf vibration finite element model was applied to a fruit-leafed the ginkgo tree. A small laser scanner was used to scan the experimental ginkgo tree three times to obtain complete point cloud information. Through a statistic of 8 factors for the leaves and fruits distribution of the ginkgo tree, this study analyzed the number and quality of leaves and fruits on branches of unit length and based on the regular pattern above to build the ginkgo tree vibration model. The Ginkgo fruit distribution obtained from the analysis was that the average spacing of axillary buds was about 4.2 cm, an average of 6 fruits grow on each axillary bud, and the weight of each fruit was about 6 grams on branches with a diameter of less than 10 mm. The Ginkgo leaves distribution was that the average spacing of axillary buds was about 4 cm, an average of 5 leaves grow on each axillary bud, and the weight of each leaf was about 0.4 g on branches with a diameter of less than 12 mm. To verify the accuracy of the calculation results, the ginkgo trees were tested in three states of fruit-leaf, fruit-free, and trunk-branches. By comparing the three testing spectral curves, this study found that there were many differences at the number of natural frequencies and acceleration amplitude, which meant leaves and fruits significantly affected the spectral characteristics. Comparing the calculation results of the first 15 models and calculation results in 15-25 Hz with sample test results, this study found that the number of natural frequencies obtained from simulation results was more than the number of natural frequencies obtained from test results. The natural frequencies from test results could find very close values in the simulation results. The amplitude and the acceleration response of each branch in the tested spectrum curve were consistent with the simulation vibration mode shape. The corresponding maximum relative errors of natural frequencies in the three states of fruit-leaf, fruit-free, and trunk-branches were 5.76%, 2.06%, and 1.98% Hz, respectively. The average relative errors of natural frequencies were 2.32%, 0.82%, and 0.95%. By analyzing the calculation model's accuracy, this study found that adding the leaves and fruits weight to the trunk-brank model could improve the calculation accuracy when the tree's shape and analysis elements' quality of the trunk-brank model had not changed. The modeling method described in this study could obtain the natural frequencies of the fruit tree accurately and quickly. This study had a guiding significance for resonance method harvesting in practical applications.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Forestry - Fruits - Harvesting - Laser applications - Musculoskeletal system - Natural frequencies - Orchards - Quality control - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration amplitude - Average relative error - Guiding significances - Laser scanning point clouds - Laser scanning technology - Maximum relative errors - Spectral characteristics - Vibration characteristics
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 744.9 Laser Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.50e+01Hz to 2.50e+01Hz, Mass 4.00e-04kg, Mass 6.00e-03kg, Percentage 2.06e+00%, Percentage 2.32e+00%, Percentage 5.76e+00%, Percentage 8.20e-01%, Percentage 9.50e-01%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.20e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 4.20e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20203109004327
Title:Effects of jujube powder on the antioxidant capability of north Shaanxi white cashmere goat meat
Title of translation:枣粉对陕北白绒山羊肉抗氧化性能的影响
Authors:Feng, Ping (1); Sun, Wangbin (1); Zhang, Qian (1); Xue, Ruilin (2); Fu, Qi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin; 719000, China; (2) Ruixing Sheep & Goat Breeding Farm, Yulin; 719208, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the effect of different jujube powder levels(0, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) in feed on the meat antioxidant capacity of north Shaanxi white cashmere goat. Forty healthy goats with a birth weight of (20.15 ± 1.63) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group was fed with basic diet, the experimental group I to IV were fed with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% jujube powder. The pre-feeding period was 10 days, and the formal period was 70 days. Rumen degradation rate and growth performance were measured. At the end of the feeding experiment, all the goats were slaughtered. The meat color, malondialdehyde, myoglobin oxidation state, antioxidant activity and antioxidant enzyme genes of longissimus dorsi muscles were determined. The results showed that with the increase of jujube powder, Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD), Crude Protein Digestibility (CPD), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Myoglobin (Mb), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and SOD gene expression of cashmere goat were increased gradually, while the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased gradually; DMD, ADFI and ADG in III group were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05), a* value, Myoglobin (Mb), Oxymyoglobin (OMb) in III group were significantly higher than control group I and II group (P < 0.05). In terms of antioxidant system, SOD and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) in III group were significantly higher than control group and I group (P < 0.05); Catalase (CAT) in III group were significantly higher than control group, I and IV group (P < 0.05). The gene expression of SOD, GSH-Px in III group were significantly higher than control group, I and II group (P < 0.05), while the gene expression of LOX was lower than that of control group, I and II group (P < 0.05). On the whole, adding jujube powder to feed can increase the antioxidant mechanism in cashmere goat meat, inhibit lipid oxidation and improve meat color. In conclusion, adding 20% jujube powder to the diet can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress in goat meat and improve the antioxidant capacity.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Antioxidants
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Degradation - Enzyme activity - Gene expression - Meats - Nutrition - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Antioxidant capacity - Antioxidant mechanisms - Antioxidant systems - Feed conversion ratios - Feeding experiments - Glutathione peroxidase - Superoxide dismutases
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 461.9 Biology - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-01yr, Age 2.74e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20203109004529
Title:Rapid-response PID control technology based on generalized regression neural network for multi-user water distribution of irrigation system head
Title of translation:基于广义回归神经网络的灌溉系统首部多用户配水快速PID控制
Authors:Zhang, Qian (1); Wei, Zhengying (1); Zhang, Yubin (1); Zhang, Lei (1); Jia, Weibing (1); Wei, Haoran (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; 710049, China
Corresponding author:Wei, Zhengying(zywei@mail.xjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:103-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Flow rate and pressure are two important control parameters of the irrigation system and they determine if the irrigation process can meet the irrigation demand or not. In the same pipeline system, flow rate and pressure affect each other, and it is difficult to control them separately. This study explored the relationship between flow rate and pressure and their control parameters, established a control technology suitable for the head of water distribution of the multi-user irrigation system. By analyzing the water supply characteristic curve of the pipeline water supply system, a flow pressure coupling adjustment method was proposed. This method allowed system controller output voltage analog and current analog to control the frequency of the inverter and the valve opening of the electric valve. At the same time, a proportion integration differentiation (PID) controller was used to realize the coupling control of the flow rate and the pressure. In addition, a method that use generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to accelerate the speed of PID (GRNN_PID) was proposed in order to speed up the response of irrigation control system, improve the operating efficiency and ensure the safety of the system. The flow, pressure and corresponding control quantities data were obtained through experiments, and the GRNN method was used to fit the relationship between them. Afterwards, the control quantities required for the target flow and pressure were quickly calculated by the fitting model and were used directly to control the corresponding actuator (pump and electric valve) so as to fine-tune the flow and pressure through PID. The GRNN training results showed that the relative error of the analog quantity used to control the frequency of the frequency converter was between 0.11% and 3.86%, and the relative error of the analog quantity used to control the electric valve was between 0.09% and 5.74%, indicating that the GRNN model has a high fitting accuracy. Three adjustment processes was used to simulate the water demand behavior of three users to verify the control model, and the tests showed that the adjustment times of the three processes of the GRNN_PID model were 11.6, 10.7 and 7.2 s, respectively, and the adjustment times of the three processes of the PID model were 31.7, 29.6 and 16.9 s, respectively. The GRNN_PID model greatly reduced the adjustment time of the system and improved the operating efficiency of the system. The control accuracies of GRNN_PID and traditional PID adjustment method were compared, and the results showed that the steady-state error of the GRNN_PID adjustment method and the traditional PID adjustment method were both within 1%, and the maximum overshoot was below 8%, which means that the control accuracy is high but the difference is not very big. The reason that leads to this result above is that GRNN accelerates the system regulation speed from the strategy, and it does not change the parameters of PID, and thus it has little impact on the control accuracy of the system. This research can provide tools for the rapid control of flow and pressure in irrigation system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Errors - Flow rate - Irrigation - Neural networks - Pipelines - Three term control systems - Water supply - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic curve - Control technologies - Generalized Regression Neural Network(GRNN) - Generalized regression neural networks - Operating efficiency - Proportion integration differentiations - Steady state errors - Water distributions
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.10e-01% to 3.86e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e-02% to 5.74e+00%, Time 1.07e+01s, Time 1.69e+01s, Time 2.96e+01s, Time 7.20e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20203109004526
Title:Effects of different light intensities on the community structure of symbiotic biofilm of bacterial-algae
Title of translation:光照强度对菌藻共生生物膜细菌群落结构的影响
Authors:Zhu, Lin (1); Che, Xuan (1); Liu, Xingguo (1); Liu, Yimeng (2); Liu, Huang (1); Chen, Xiaolong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China; (2) East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200090, China
Corresponding author:Che, Xuan(Chexuan@fmiri.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:241-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the influence of three different light intensities on the community structure of symbiotic biofilm of bacterial-algal. We designed three test systems on different light intensity levels (CK group 0 lx, T1 group 4 750 lx, T2 group 7 580 lx) to study the community structure of bacteria in the symbiotic biofilm of bacteria and algae under the water quality condition of freshwater aquaculture pond. The results showed that the development of bacterial community structure had different response to different micro ecological environment. The number of OTUs (498.5±7.16, 517.2±10.36), Chao1 index (648.7±35.64, 672.8±30.69) and Shannon index (4.68±0.01, 4.85±0.03) were significantly higher than CK (406.6±8.18, 521.5±18.62, 3.53±0.02). In CK group, the number of bacterial community in biofilm was in a weak position, which was significantly lower than that in T1 and T2 treatments. With the increase of light intensity, the order of dominant bacterial groups in the biofilm changed. In CK group, Proteobacteria was dominant, Bacteroidetes, chloroflexa and actinobacteria were second, Acidobacteria and verrucomibia were in a weak position. In T1 group, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Chloroflexi were dominant, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria were second, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospirae were in a weak position. In T2 group, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria were dominant, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were second, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were in a weak position. In CK group, the mean value of phylum richness of Proteobacteria was 32.92%±2.65%, which was significantly higher than that in T1 group (21.89%±3.25%) and T2 group (15.28%±3.60%) (P < 0.05). The abundance of Bacteroidetes in T1 group was 18.72%±2.48%, and that in T2 group was 19.78%±4.69%. There was no significant difference between the two groups. The abundance of Bacteroidetes in CK group was 14.24%±1.89%, significantly lower than that in T1 and T2 groups (P < 0.05). The abundance of Chloroflexi in CK group was 13.34%±3.73%, significantly lower than that in T1 group (17.57%±3.57%) and T2 group (18.77%±3.14%) (P < 0.05). The abundance of Nitrospirae in CK group and T1 group was 2.61%±0.53% and 2.45%±0.34%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in T2 group (0.94%±0.1%). There was no difference in the abundance of Actinobacteria between T1 and T2 groups, but there was significant difference between them and CK group. The abundance of Cyanobacteria in CK group (1.59%±0.52%) was significantly lower than that in T1 group (9.24%±1.2%) and T2 group (20.03%±1.03%). The relative abundance of Nitrospira in CK and T1 was 2.72%±0.93% and 2.57%±0.46%, significantly higher than that in T2. The relative abundance of Rhodobacter increased with the increase of light intensity. The mean relative abundance of Pseudomonas in T1 group was significantly higher than that in CK group and T2 group. The development of bacterial community structure in the biofilm of Bacillariophyta had different response to different light intensity.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Biofilms
Controlled terms:Algae - Bacteria - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture ponds - Bacterial community - Bacterial community structure - Community structures - Different lights - Ecological environments - Relative abundance - Three test systems
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 462.5 Biomaterials (including synthetics)
Numerical data indexing:Illuminance 0.00e+00lx, Illuminance 4.75e+03lx, Illuminance 7.58e+03lx
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20203109004320
Title:Comparative study on yield and organ multi-factor responses of rice under different tillage modes
Title of translation:不同耕作模式下水稻产量与器官多要素响应的比较研究
Authors:Ma, Lihua (1); Wan, Qihui (1); Wang, Zhenchang (2); Jiang, Xianjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Xianjun(jiangxj@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:119-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The differences in water and nutrients uptake by rice induced by tillage regime were studied to better understand the mechanism for rice growth. This study was carried out at the long-term purple soil fertility monitoring station established by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1990. Three tillage regimes including Flooded Paddy Field (FPF), Ridge with No-Tillage (RNT), and Conventional Tillage (CT) were selected to study tillage effects on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations and carbon isotope composition in rice plants. The rice yield and samples from roots, stalks, leaves, tassels were collected for 2 rice-growing seasons at rice mature stage, from 2016 to 2017. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (PCA-MLR) method package for rice yield was originally developed under different tillage modes to simulate the relationship of rice yield with water and nutrient elements, including carbon isotope composition, root characteristic, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations. Results showed that rice yields for RNT were significantly higher than those for FPF and CT (P<0.05). The carbon isotope composition of rice leaves for RNT was significantly lower than for FPF and CT for 2 years observed. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between rice yield and selected parameters. Significant negative relationships were observed between rice yield and carbon isotope composition of roots, stalks, leaves, tassels at rice mature stage, which were -0.702, -0.734, -0.572, and -0.711. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations of rice tassels were positively correlated with rice yield, which was 0.411, 0.432, and 0.529, respectively. And also, significant positive relationships were observed between rice yield and root characteristics, which were 0.538, 0.624, 0.450, and 0.710 to total root length, root surface area, total root volume, and average diameter of root. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was conducted on the analysis of selected parameters. As a result, the Principal Components (PCs) could explain the cluster of correlated variables in groups. PCA results showed that the 6 principal components extracted from 20 selected parameters, contributed about 80% to the total variability. The principal component analysis indicated that the most important variables in explaining the 30.1% of total variations retained by PC1, which included the quality parameters carbon isotope composition, P, K in tassels and K in leaves, mainly by carbon isotope composition; PC2 explained the 12.18% of total variability, which included the quality parameters composed of N in stalks and leaves; PC3 was composed of roots characteristics, which was 11.78%; and PC4 was composed of P in stalks and leaves, which was 10.05%. The work used PCA-MLR to analyze the linear relationship of rice yield to selected various elements. The retained principal components extracted by PCA were used in regression analysis with rice yield. The determination coefficients R<sup>2</sup> of models were 0.67, 0.73, and 0.97 related to FPF, RNT, and CT implied a fair accuracy of PCA-MLR models. PCA-MLR analysis implied rice yield was mainly impacted by selected PC1 and PC4 for RNT, where the regression coefficient was -0.662 and 0.437. Significant relationships were observed between rice yields, carbon isotope composition, and phosphorus contents in rice plants for RNT and FPF by PCA-MLR analysis. Whereas for CT, rice yield was better related to roots characteristics and nitrogen contents in rice plants. Carbon isotope composition in rice plant might be a better parameter to predict rice yields for FPF and RNT, rather than for CT. Therefore, RNT could be a good technology to improve soil fertility and rice yield in the future with the support of mechanized planting.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Carbon - Correlation methods - Cultivation - Isotopes - Linear regression - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Plants (botany) - Potassium - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon isotope composition - Conventional tillage - Determination coefficients - Linear relationships - Multiple linear regressions - Potassium concentrations - Regression coefficient - Root characteristics
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 3.01e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20203109004304
Title:Rapid improvement in solubility and emulsification of glycation peanut protein isolate with non-thermal plasma (NTP)
Title of translation:低温等离子快速提高糖基化花生分离蛋白溶解性及乳化性
Authors:Ji, Hui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi; 276000, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Hui(hji8002@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:289-295
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanuts known as important oil crops are widely planting for a high yield in China. As an energy dense food, peanut contains a large amount of fat, proteins, carbohydrate, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. Peanut protein is one of valuable byproducts from the oil extraction due to its excellent nutritional source of high-quality protein, while a low dose of anti-nutritive factors. However, low aqueous solubility and emulsification occurred in peanut protein compared with soybean protein. It is necessary to improve the functional properties of peanut protein for the better applications in food industry. Recently, protein glycation has become a safe method most commonly used to produce non-health-hazardous byproducts during protein modification. Protein glycation involves the formation of covalent bonds between proteins (free amine groups, i.e., terminal or side chain) and polysaccharides (reducing terminal carbonyl group) via the Maillard reaction. This study aims to improve the solubility of Peanut Protein Isolate (PPI) using Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP) treatment for glycation of peanut protein isolate-dextran. NTP has become an emerging technique to treat many high energy radicals, such as atomic oxygen (O), superoxide (O<inf>2</inf><sup>•-</sup>), nitric oxide (•NO), and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), while the treatment can be fast, nonthermal, operationally flexible, and nonhazardous. During treatment, these obtained particles can break the covalent bonds to trigger various chemical reactions. Therefore, an experiment has been conducted to investigate the effect of NTP treatment time (0, 0.5, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 min) on the glycation of PPI and Dextran (Dex). Under the NTP power of 70 W and solution temperature of 60℃, the Degree of Grafting (DG) of PPI-Dex increased with the extension of NTP treatment time, where the maximum DG of PPI-Dex was 21.62% at 1.5 min. The grafting time of PPI-Dex was greatly reduced, when compared with ultrasonic grafting of 40 min, and the traditional wet grafting of 24 h. After PPI-Dex grafting, there was a remarkable increase in the solubility and emulsification of PPI-Dex conjugates, where the solubility increased by 22.28% compared with that of untreated. A systematic analysis has been carried out to measure molecular weight, amino acid content, infrared spectrum and protein surface hydrophobicity index (H<inf>o</inf>), in order to evaluate the effects of NTP treatment on the structure and functional properties of peanut protein. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis confirmed the coupling of PPI with dextran to form conjugates. The amino acid content analysis revealed a decrease in the content of lysine and phenylalanine, indicating that lysine and phenylalanine can be involved in glycosylation during NTP treatment. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed an increase in the absorption of the characteristic hydroxyl peaks at 3 000-3 500 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 1 000-1 260 cm<sup>-1</sup> of PPI-Dex grafts, when NTP treatment time at 1.5 min, compared with that of untreated, and a decrease in the content of α-helix and β-sheets, while an increase in the content of β-turns. A significant decrease in H<inf>o</inf> of PPI indicated the increase of hydrophilicity of PPI surface. This variation in the reaction can attribute to the alteration of PPI structure from compact/hydrophobic to dense/hydrophilic during NTP treatment. When PPI was glycosylated with Dex, the reaction sites can be lysine and phenylalanine. The finding demonstrated that the NTP method can be successfully applied to accelerate the graft reactions of peanut protein isolate for the peanut food production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Chemical analysis - Dextran - Electrophoresis - Emulsification - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Glycosylation - Grafting (chemical) - Hydrophilicity - Nitric oxide - Oils and fats - Oilseeds - Sodium dodecyl sulfate - Solubility - Sulfur compounds - Ultrasonic applications
Uncontrolled terms:Fourier transform infrared - Functional properties - Peanut protein isolates (PPI) - Protein modifications - Protein surface hydrophobicities - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - Solution temperature - Systematic analysis
Classification code:753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 2.23e+01%, Power 7.00e+01W, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s, Time 9.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20203109004475
Title:Wind tunnel experiment on protection benefits of arbor-shrub mixed forest belts in different configurations
Title of translation:不同配置乔灌混交林防风效益的风洞试验
Authors:Li, Jingwen (1); Dosmanbetov, D.A. (2); Guo, Hao (1); Xin, Zhiming (3); Liu, Pengfei (1); Liu, Minghu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (2) Kazakh National Agrarian University, Nursultan; 050010, Kazakhstan; (3) Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou; 015200, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Hao(guohaomail@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:95-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shelter forest is an important part of the vegetation ecosystem in arid and semi-arid areas. It can change the airflow velocity and direction, reduce wind speed, and control quicksand. It plays an important role in improving the oasis ecological environment, protecting biodiversity, and promoting social and economic sustainable development. The density, height and tree species of the forest belts are the key factors that determine whether the forest belts can continue to exert the best protection benefits. To optimize configuration of shelter forest in arid areas, Salix matsudana, Artemisia ordosica and Haloxylon ammodendron were selected to design the models of A-type (high density), B-type (medium-density), C-type (low-density) arbor-shrub mixed forest belts according to the density and principle of similarity. The forest belts of different densities were designed to 9 types of arbor-shrub mixed forest belts with three heights, according to the forest age (5, 10, 20 years). Wind tunnel experiments were carried out under the wind speed of 12 m/s and we observed 99 points in the forest belts with a measurement height of 2 cm to analyze the wind speed frequency, wind speed flow field, probability density and effective windproof area of the arbor-shrub mixed forest belts in different configurations. The results showed that there were significant differences in wind speed and flow field on the leeward side of arbor-shrub mixed forest belts in different configurations. The wind speed at the same position decreased, while the airflow becomes stable as the height of the constant density forest belt increased. The wind speeds of high-density, medium-density and low-density forest belts of five years old were concentrated at 6.5-8.5, 7.2-7.6, 7.5-8.5 m/s, respectively, whereas the wind speeds of three-density forest belts of 20 years old were concentrated at 2.5-3.5, 4-5, 4.5-5 m/s, respectively. The forest belt density was an important factor that affects the forest belt's windproof performance when the forest belt height was not high. The average wind speed of the 10-year-old medium-density forest belt was similar to the average wind speed of the 5-year-old high-density forest belt. Windproof effects of forest belts can be improved by increasing the forest belt density. The maximum wind speeds of the 10-year-old medium-density and low-density forest belts at the same height were similar to that of high density, but the minimum wind speeds were 5.88 and 7.27 times of the high density forest belt, respectively, indicating that the high-density forest belt had a significant effect on reducing wind speed, but the wind speed recovered rapidly with the increase of the forest belt distance. The optimum wind protection area of forest belts with different densities moved backwards with the increase of belt height. When the forest belt height increased, the advantage of forest belt density decreased. Therefore, the middle and high forest age and middle density arbor-shrub mixed forest belts can be the optimum ecological and economic benefits.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Air - Arid regions - Belts - Biodiversity - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Flow fields - Plants (botany) - Speed - Sustainable development - Wind - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Different densities - Ecological and economic - Ecological environments - Economic sustainable development - Haloxylon ammodendron - Probability densities - Wind tunnel experiment
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 2.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Velocity 1.20e+01m/s, Velocity 4.50e+00m/s to 5.00e+00m/s, Velocity 7.50e+00m/s to 8.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20203109004557
Title:Estimation of summer maize crop coefficient and evapotranspiration based on meteorology-physiology
Title of translation:基于气象-生理的夏玉米作物系数及蒸散估算
Authors:Wang, Zhenlong (1); Fan, Yue (2); Lyu, Haishen (3); Xu, Yingying (2); Dong, Guoqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui and Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources, Bengbu; 233000, China; (2) College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:141-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate estimation of crop coefficient is critical to predicting actual crop evapotranspiration and developing accurate irrigation schedules. In order to reflect the daily crop coefficient changes of the crops, this study comprehensively considered the common influence of meteorological and biological factors on crop growth, a meteorological-physiological double function multiplication model was established based on geothermal temperature and leaf area index by using the evapotranspiration data and meteorological data of summer maize of lysimeter of the Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station. Combining with the gradient descent method, a meteorological-physiological double function multiplication model was constructed to estimate crop coefficients and optimize the accuracy of the model. The results showed that the model calculated the crop coefficient of summer maize. The model could also be used for the estimation of the evapotranspiration of summer maize with higher precision. In different samples, including training samples and test samples, and the entire growth period of summer maize, the precision calculated by the model was high. In the entire growth period of summer maize, between the measured value and the calculated value, the average absolute error was only 0.12. In addition, the root meant square error was 0.15. And the correlation was 0.91 between the measured value and the calculated value on the crop coefficient of summer maize. Regarding the estimation of evapotranspiration, between the measured value and the calculated value, the average absolute error was only 1.0 mm/d, and the root meant square error was 4.5 mm/d. In addition, the correlation was 0.75 between the measured value and the calculated value on the evapotranspiration of summer maize. And by using the crop coefficient of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) which was recommended, the evapotranspiration of summer maize was calculated. And the model constructed in this study was compared with the calculated results, it was found that the evapotranspiration accuracy calculated by meteorological-physiological double function multiplication model was increased by more than 3 times when the error between measured value. The calculated value was within 2 mm/d and 3 mm/d. And the error was almost all within 4 mm/d. In this study, the meteorological-physiological double function multiplication model based on ground temperature and leaf area index could be more accurately used for crop coefficient and actual evapotranspiration calculation of summer maize. And the research incorporated a machine learning algorithm (a multi-disciplinary interdisciplinary) to further improve the accuracy of crop coefficient calculation. The construction of an accurate crop coefficient model had great significance for the accurate prediction of evapotranspiration and further for the development of accurate irrigation plans. The model simplified the calculation of summer corn crop coefficients, clarified the comprehensive influence degree of ground temperature and leaf area index on crop coefficients, improved the calculation accuracy, and could be used for the dynamic calculation of corn crop coefficients. The evapotranspiration data measured by a large-scale weighing lysimeter at the Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station was used to calculate the actual crop coefficient in combination with a series of meteorological data. The crop coefficient and leaf area index were fitted using the Michaelis-Menten equation to obtain the influence of biological factors. The multi-factor regression was used to select the meteorological factor-ground temperature (0 cm), which had the closest effect on the crop coefficient, and performed exponential fitting. Finally, the gradient descent method was used to optimize the model parameters, and the measured results were used to evaluate the calculation results. It had great significance to grasp the dynamic change characteristics of crop coefficients during the summer maize growth period and accurately estimate the actual evapotranspiration of crops.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Atmospheric temperature - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Gradient methods - Irrigation - Learning algorithms - Lysimeters - Machine learning - Meteorology - Optimization - Physiological models - Physiology - Scales (weighing instruments) - Soil surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Actual evapotranspiration - Average absolute error - Crop evapotranspiration - Food and agriculture organizations - Geothermal temperature - Gradient Descent method - Meteorological factors - Michaelis-Menten equations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20203109004336
Title:Assessment of soil erosion in rolling hilly region of Northeast China using Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) model
Title of translation:利用CSLE模型的东北漫川漫岗区土壤侵蚀评价
Authors:Gu, Zhijia (1, 2); Xie, Yun (2); Li, Ao (2); Liu, Gang (2); Shi, Yandong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang; 464000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Pearl River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Guangzhou; 510611, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Yun(xieyun@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:49-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Black soil region in Northeast China is an important commodity grain base in China. Soil erosion can deteriorate in the valuable black soil resources; even threaten the safety of grain production. Assessment of soil erosion becomes an inevitable way to control soil erosion, and further to evaluate the benefits of soil and water conservation. However, the multi-scale complex factors can make it difficult to the accurately assess soil erosion. It is also necessary to detect the effects of land use and topography on soil erosion. Normally, the evaluation data of soil erosion include modulus, amount, and intensity of soil erosion. These indexes have different meanings and uses in regional soil erosion assessment. In order to better present the evaluation data of soil erosion, a research region was taken as Baiquan County in rolling hilly regions in Northeast China. Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) was used to quantitatively evaluate the soil erosion, and systematically analyze the influences that caused by land use and topographic factors. A "landing" scheme was proposed to achieve regional evaluation of soil erosion. The results showed that the average modulus of soil erosion in Baiquan County was 6.77 t/(hm²•a), and the area proportion of soil erosion was 39.35%, indicating a great spatial heterogeneity in soil erosion. The extremely severe erosion was mainly distributed in the hilly areas in the southeast, and the rolling hilly regions in the northwest of Baiquan. This distribution can be attributed to the slope arable land occurred in this area, together with the influence of the terrain. Specifically, the intensity of soil erosion can be high as the increase of the slope. In addition, the intensity of soil erosion showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, as the length of the slope becomes longer. The amount of soil erosion is also an important indicator for the evaluation of soil erosion. In the contribution to the amount of erosion, the slope from 1° to 2° showed the largest amount of erosion, followed by 3° to 5° and 2° to 3°. The slope length from 100 to 200 m can contribute the most amount of soil erosion, followed by the slope length of 200 to 400 m and 50 to 100 m. Sloping farmland was characterized by high intensity of soil erosion. Compared with the forest land, the large slope was not the main source of soil erosion amount due to high vegetation coverage and relatively low soil erosion modulus. Therefore, the sloping farmland can be the key area for soil erosion control. This infers that the selection of appropriate indicator can be significant to present the evaluation data of soil erosion. This study demonstrated that the area proportion of soil erosion can be selected for the better evaluation of regional soil erosion at the scale of small watersheds and water conservation planning. This finding can provide an effective way to achieve assessment for regional soil erosion in the "landing" scheme.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Farms - Land use - Soils - Topography - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese soil loss equations - Conservation planning - Region of northeast chinas - Soil and water conservation - Soil erosion controls - Soil erosion modulus - Spatial heterogeneity - Vegetation coverage
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.94e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m to 2.00e+02m, Size 2.00e+02m to 4.00e+02m, Size 5.00e+01m to 1.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20203109004303
Title:Soil water and salt dynamics under different irrigation and drainage management scenarios based on SahysMod model
Title of translation:用SahysMod模型研究不同灌排管理情景土壤水盐动态
Authors:Huang, Yajie (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1); Zhuo, Zhiqing (1); Xin, An (1); Huang, Yuanfang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Yuanfang(yfhuang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:129-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yinbei Irrigation District is the key area of land consolidation and high-standard irrigated oasis farmland. Little attention has been paid for future long-term dynamic changes of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage managements in this area. Therefore, this study was to investigate the soil and water dynamics under different irrigation and drainage managements by SahysMod model in this area. A typical Yinbei Irrigation District-Xidatan was selected as the study area. Datasets of soil salinity in 2015 and 2016 were used for model calibration and datasets in 2017 were used for model validation. The spatial variability of soil properties (such as soil salinity in root zone, soil salinity in transition zone, total porosity, effective porosity, soil bulk density, field water capacity and leaching efficiency) of cultivated land and uncultivated land were comprehensively considered. The dynamics of soil water and salt under different irrigation and drainage managements in the next ten years were explored by SahysMod model. The results showed that SahysMod could be used as an effective tool to simulate regional water and salt balances under different irrigation and drainage managements considering the spatial variability of soil properties. Irrigation amount, electrical conductivity of irrigation water and the depth of drainage ditch had great impacts on soil salinity. Based on the current irrigation and drainage managements (i.e. irrigation amount was 670 mm, electrical conductivity of irrigation water was 1.05 dS/m, and the depth of drainage ditch was 1.5 m), the soil salinity of uncultivated land would increase year by year in the early prediction stage (2017-2022), and it would change gently in the later stage (2023-2027). The soil salinity of cultivated land would change slowly in the early prediction stage (2017-2022), and increase year by year in the later stage (2023-2027). Increasing irrigation water was critical to solve soil salinization, which could delay the accumulation of soil salinity to the barrier level in the root zone. The electrical conductivity of irrigation water had an important influence on soil salinization. If the electrical conductivity of irrigation water was 0.6 dS/m, the cultivated land would not be subjected to salt stress in the next ten years. On the one hand, based on current irrigation and drainage managements, cultivated land would be subjected to salt stress in 2024. On the other hand, the cultivated land would be subjected to salt stress in advance if increasing the electrical conductivity of irrigation water. Deepening the depth of drainage ditches in land consolidation could alleviate soil salinization. When the depth of drainage ditch was 2.2 m and the soil electrical conductivity of cultivated land was less than 1.7 dS/m during ten years, the normal growth of maize could be ensured. The results can provide information for the management of irrigation and drainage in land consolidation and the prevention of soil salinization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:54
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Dynamics - Electric conductivity - Land use - Porosity - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Electrical conductivity - Irrigation amounts - Irrigation districts - Land consolidations - Long term dynamics - Management scenarios - Soil electrical conductivity - Spatial variability of soil properties
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.50e+00m, Size 2.20e+00m, Size 6.70e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20203109004546
Title:Nondestructive measurement of moisture content of macadamia nuts by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Title of translation:利用低场核磁共振技术无损检测澳洲坚果含水率
Authors:Chen, Wenyu (1); Mu, Honglei (1); Wu, Weijie (1); Fang, Xiangjun (1); Han, Yanchao (1); Chen, Hangjun (1); Gao, Haiyan (1); Jin, Long (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing, Technology Research of Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Postharvest Preservation and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, China National Light Industry, Hangzhou; 310021, China; (2) Qiaqia Food Co., Ltd, Hefei; 260301, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Haiyan(spsghy@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:303-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A moisture content of macadamia nuts needs to be reduced from the harvested approximately 25% to 5% or less for efficient storage and processing. Drying strategy can be widely used to produce macadamia nuts, while detecting the moisture change in real time. In this study, Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF- NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques were used to investigate the water conditions and distribution during drying. A relationship between moisture content and total signal amplitude of LF- NMR was established to systematically analyze the dry characteristics of macadamia nuts during drying. The results showed that the high drying rate and short time can be achieved to reach the constant weight for the macadamia nuts as the increase of temperature. The drying rate was high in the early stage (0 - 36 h), and decreased rapidly during a whole drying processing. Specifically, the drying rate decreased slowly in the middle stage (36 - 72 h), and then become constant in the later stage (72 h to the end), even close to 0. The high initial drying temperature can be easier to cause the cracking of the macadamia nuts' shell. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the influence of various drying methods on quality indexes, the change of macadamia nuts' shell and commodity value. After evaluation, the variable temperature drying was better than the other four drying methods, where the specific process was: 30℃ 2 d → 38℃ 2 d → 45℃ to the end. MRI analysis revealed that the internal moisture distribution of macadamia nuts was uneven, and the water diffused outwards during the drying process. The water on the surface of macadamia nuts evaporated fast as the drying time increased. This change can cause a low moisture content on the surface, while a high moisture content inside the macadamia nuts. In any case, the overall moisture content of macadamia nuts can decrease for the purpose of drying, because the water inside the macadamia nuts can diffuse fast to the surface due to the presence of a water gradient. There were three states of water in macadamia nuts: free water, semi-bound water, and bound water. The content and state of three kinds of water indicated different changes during the drying process. Compared with bound water, free water and semi-bound water were easier to evaporate in the process of macadamia nuts drying. In addition, the drying rate also decreased rapidly with the decrease content of free water and bound water within 0 - 24 h. The bound water evaporated fast and the content of bound water was reduced at the early stage of drying. In the later stage of drying, the drying shrinkage made the semi-bound water closely bound with macromolecules, part of which was converted into bound water, indicating the increase in the content of bound water. The absorption peak shifted to the left because the water with weak binding force in macadamia nuts was dispersed, whereas the remaining water showed relatively strong binding force, with the increase of drying time. There was an obvious linear relationship between the moisture content of macadamia nuts and the total signal amplitude of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. The coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> was 0.904, indicating good predictability. The findings demonstrated that the LF-NMR can be served as a rapid and noninvasive method to accurately predict the water content of macadamia nuts during drying process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Magnetic resonance imaging - Magnetism - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nondestructive examination - Noninvasive medical procedures - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Quality control - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - High moisture contents - Linear relationships - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - Moisture distribution - Non-destructive measurement - Variable temperature
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01% to 5.00e+00%, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.30e+05s, Time 0.00e+00s to 8.64e+04s, Time 1.30e+05s to 2.59e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20203109004571
Title:Analysis and optimization of internal flow field of cleaning device of single longtitudinal axial flow grain combine harvester
Title of translation:单纵轴流谷物联合收获机清选装置内部流场分析与优化
Authors:Leng, Jun (1); Li, Xiaoyu (2); Du, Yuefeng (2); He, Song (1); Ding, Xiongfei (1); Niu, Xingcheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Lovol Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., Weifang; 261206, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Du, Yuefeng(dyf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:39-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accroding to literatures and preliminary tests, the structure of cheaning device of longtitudinal axial flow grain combine harvester had a significant impact on wind speed distribution of upper sieve surface and cleaning effects of the device. In this paper, the RG60 type single longitudinal axial flow grain combine harvester developed by LOVOL Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. was tested in Xichang, Si Chuan Province. In order to analyze the wind speed distribution on the upper sieve surface, 45 measuring points were set up, the measurement results showed that the wind speed on upper sieve surface was uneven, the speed at front air outlet of fan installation, forth and fifth column from left of tail sieve were greater than else, the maximum wind speed was 8.6 m/s which was smaller than floating speed of grain, the wind speed on sieves of 3 and 4 row, 6 and 7 row was 5.8 and 5.9 m/s respectively, the speed on middle sieve surface was the smallest. The wind speed on the right side was greater than that of the left side. In the middle and right of upper sieve surface, there was less accumulation of grain mixture, while there was more accumulation in the left, the distribution of grain mixture was uneven which was not conducive to separation of grain and impurities. In order to solve the problem that wind speed distribution was uneven on upper sieve surface, the force and speed of grain mixture in cleaning device were analyzed. According to the structure of cleaning device, because the right side of centrifugal fan was equipped with power input pulley so the air inlet resistance value was higher than left side, and the dynamic pressure was smaller. In addition, the large transverse width of vibrating sieve lead to uneven distribution of wind speed on upper sieve surface, resulting in more grain mixture on left side of tail sieve. In order to further analyze tje distribution of wind speed in cleaing device and optimize its structure, the simulation was carried out in Hyper Works. The results of wind speed on upper sieve showed that the test results of wind speed change trend of each measuring point were consistent with the simulation results, with an average deviation of 0.293 m/s, which indicated that the simulation can reflect wind speed distribution of the internal flow field of cleaning device. The maximum wind speed at the front of upper sieve surface was 10.024 m/s, the left side in lateral wind speed of upper sieve surface in cleaning area was much smaller than that of the right side. The maximum wind speed at the rear of upper sieve surface was about 8.02 m/s which was less than that of the suspension speed of materials. The wind speed in middle of tail sieve was high which was bad for separation of grain mixture. The wind speed of fourth column from left on front air outlet was 8.184 m/s while it at third column from left and middle of tail sieve was 8.411 m/s, and the speed on sieves of 6 and 7 row, 8 and 9 row were the smallest, this trendy was same as the test results. In longitudinal section X=650 mm of upper sieve surface, the wind direction was gradually to right in the process of blowing to upper sieve surface, and the maximum wind speed is 17.077 m/s. In cross section Z=-450 mm, the range of wind speed was from 6.5 to 10 m/s, the turbulence in wind field in middle of upper sieve surface may result in less effect separation of grain mixture. The reason for this phenomenon was the right side of centrifugal fan was equipped with a power input pulley, which made the direction of air flow generated by fan deviate. Therefore, the structure of cleaning device was improved to eliminate this phenomenon. The simulation experiment was carried out when the wind shield rotated 10°, 20°, 30°, 40° and 50° counterclockwise, respectively. The results of optimization simulation showed that internal flow field was evenly distributed when wind shield rotated 30° counterclockwise. the wind speed of upper sieve left side gradually decreased while right side gradually increased with increase of counterclockwise rotation angle of wind shield, the wind speed in middle of tail sieve was the highest which was within the range of [8.231, 10.289] m/s, about 2 m/s higher than that before the improvement, the phenomenon of uneven distribution of wind speed on sieve surface and large difference on left and right sides was improved. The optimized harvester test results showed that third column from left in front air outlet and sieves of 11 and 12 row, the wind speed increased by 1.9 and 2.8 m/s respectively, and its distribution at left and right sides of rear of tail sieve was the most uniform. the wind speed in middle of front air outlet on upper sieve (third column from left) was the maximum as 8.7 m/s, it in sieves 11 and 12 row was 6.3 m/s, the lowest was 5.0 m/s in tail sieve. The wind speed along left side and right side of upper sieve surface were gradually decreased, and the overall wind speed distribution was uniform The loss rate of wheat and the impurity rate was 0.89% and 0.37% respectively, the loss rate of rice and impurity was 1.85% and 0.51% respectively, the cleaning performance and uniformity of the wind flow field distribution of the cleaning decice was improved. The research results provide a reference for the design and parameter optimization of the cleaning device of single longitudinal axial flow harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Wind
Controlled terms:Air cleaners - Axial flow - Cleaning - Combines - Fans - Flow fields - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Mixtures - Optical resonators - Pulleys - Sieves - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Counter clockwise rotation - Distribution of grains - Internal flow field - Longitudinal section - Maximum wind speed - Optimization-simulation - Parameter optimization - Wind speed distribution
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 618.3 Blowers and Fans - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.85e+00%, Percentage 3.70e-01%, Percentage 5.10e-01%, Percentage 8.90e-01%, Velocity 1.00e+01m/s, Velocity 1.71e+01m/s, Velocity 1.90e+00m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.80e+00m/s, Velocity 2.93e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e+00m/s, Velocity 5.80e+00m/s, Velocity 5.90e+00m/s, Velocity 6.30e+00m/s, Velocity 6.50e+00m/s to 1.00e+01m/s, Velocity 8.02e+00m/s, Velocity 8.18e+00m/s, Velocity 8.41e+00m/s, Velocity 8.60e+00m/s, Velocity 8.70e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20203109004338
Title:Current situation of marine fishery engineering development in Australia and prospect of China and Australia marine fishery cooperation
Title of translation:澳大利亚海洋渔业工程发展概况与中澳海洋渔业合作前景分析
Authors:Qin, Baoyuan (1); Liu, Ying (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing; 102488, China; (2) Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 100623, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:318-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Marine fishery economy is a crucial component of maritime economy. Marine fishery engineering is a potential and sustainable field in the future economy of marine fishery. Both China and Australia are countries with large maritime resources and marine fishery resources. How to more efficiently utilize these rich maritime resources and further develop the marine fishery economy are common issues faced by both countries. The current status and characteristics of Australian marine fishery engineering, adopts methods including research, big data statistics, and specific case analysis to distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of Australian marine fishery engineering were analyzed in this article. The basis, advantages, difficulties and challenges of Sino-Australian marine fishery economic cooperation, and investigate the prospects for deep cooperation between China and Australia in the field of marine fisheries to achieve mutual beneficial cooperation were analyzed. It is concluded that the launch of Sino-Australian marine fisheries economic cooperation and opening of the Blue Economic Corridor is an important part of China's 'Belt and Road' initiative. It serves the fundamental interests of the two countries, as well as complements both respective economies. And it also, to an extent, resolves Australia's misunderstanding of China's 'Belt and Road' initiative.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fisheries
Controlled terms:Roads and streets
Uncontrolled terms:Australia - Case analysis - Current situation - Current status - Data statistics - Economic Co-operation - Engineering development - Marine Fishery
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20203109004361
Title:Effects of freeze-thaw on soil detachment capacity and erosion resistance
Title of translation:冻融对土壤分离能力及侵蚀阻力的影响
Authors:Sun, Baoyang (1, 2); Wu, Zhiguang (1); Li, Zhanbin (2); Liu, Jing (3); Xiao, Junbo (4); Cheng, Dongbing (1); Ren, Feipeng (1); Ma, Jianye (2); Liu, Chenguang (2); Ma, Bo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Science and Technology Promotion Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100032, China; (4) Institute of Water Resources Research, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning; 530023, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Bo(mabo@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:57-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil detachment is the initial stage of soil erosion, which refers to the process of soil surface particles detached from the original soil under the action of rainfall splash or runoff, and is the main source of erosion sediment. The slope after freeze-thaw provides a large number of effective materials for water erosion. In recent decades, as the global climate tends to be warmer, the effects of freeze-thaw in the areas of high latitude and high elevation have been intensified. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of freeze-thaw on soil detachment capacity and erosion resistance by means of indoor simulation freeze-thaw and runoff scour tests. Soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of abandoned land in Loess Plateau of China. To remove stones, grass, and other debris, air-dried soil samples were sieved through a 5 mm mesh. Soil samples were stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical boxes based on the bulk densities in the field. Then the samples were frozen at -10℃ for 12 hours and thawed at room temperature between 5℃ and 10℃ for 12 hours to simulate the natural phenomenon of night freezing and day thawing. Soil detachment capacity was measured in a 4.0 m long, 0.15 m wide flume. The loessal soil was subjected to 0, 1, 5, 10 freeze-thaw cycle times before it was scoured, while the slope and flow discharge of flume experiments were 10°, 15° and 12, 18, 24 L/min, respectively. The results showed that slope, flow discharge and freeze-thaw cycle times all had significant effects on soil detachment capacity (P<0.05), with contribution rates of 17.94%, 19.96% and 18.43%, respectively. Soil detachment capacity basically increased with the increase of slope and flow rate. The mean value after freeze-thaw (5.28±2.48 g/(cm<sup>2</sup>•min)) was significantly higher than that before freeze-thaw (2.39±1.71 g/(cm<sup>2</sup>•min)), but the degree of increase after freeze-thaw was significantly lower than that before freeze-thaw. Under different slope and flow rate conditions, soil detachment capacity increased significantly after first freeze-thaw (P<0.05). The variation trend of soil detachment capacity with the times of freeze-thaw cycles was significantly different. Only when the slope and flow rate were both small (10° and ≤18 L/min) or large (15° and ≥18 L/min), the trend increased significantly. After 1, 5 and 10 times of freeze-thaw cycle, the rill erodibility increased by 1.25, 1.66 and 1.72 times respectively, and gradually became stable with the increase of freeze-thaw cycle times. The critical shear stress decreased significantly after freeze-thaw cycles and had no significant relationship with freeze-thaw cycle times. After freeze-thaw, the means of soil bulk density, water stable aggregates and shear strength decreased by 6.61%, 24.77% and 21.35%, respectively. Under the condition of freeze-thaw, rill erodibility was negatively correlated with water stable aggregates and shear strength, but positively correlated with soil porosity. This study can provide reference for the study of complex erosion of freeze-thaw and water.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Thawing
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Chlorine compounds - Erosion - Flowmeters - Freezing - Polyvinyl chlorides - Porosity - Runoff - Scour - Shear strength - Shear stress - Soil surveys - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Air-dried soil samples - Critical shear stress - Effective materials - Flow rate conditions - Freeze-thaw cycles - Loess plateau of chinas - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 442.1 Flood Control - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.14e+01%, Percentage 2.48e+01%, Percentage 6.61e+00%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-03m, Time 4.32e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20203109004481
Title:Optimization of pulping process parameters for preparing wheat straw fiber mulch material
Title of translation:小麦秸秆纤维地膜原料打浆工艺参数优化
Authors:Zhang, Ying (1); Xing, Zhenlei (2); Zong, Hao (3); Chen, Haitao (1); Li, Longhai (1); Liu, Shuang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Shandong Ruibosi Tobacco Co., Ltd., Linyi; 276400, China; (3) Shandong Linyi Tobacco Co., Ltd., Linyi; 276002, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Haitao(htchen@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:248-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat straw is widely used as a kind of inexpensive, abundant, easily available, and sustainable raw material. At the same time, large amounts of wheat straw have still been burned on farmland in China, and have not been timely and properly applied. The smoke and dust from burning have highly adverse impacts on the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to study the pretreatment technology that is green, environmentally friendly, cost-effective and sustainable. Wheat straw was processed by physical methods, and the obtained raw fibers of wheat straw fiber mulch film were further pretreated by physical methods. In order to explore the influence of pulping process parameters on the pulp properties of the pulped raw fibers wheat straw fiber mulch film and the excellent pulp can be used to produce wheat straw fiber mulch film, the influence law of process parameters on the objective function was studied experimentally in this study. In the experiment, the whole wheat straw was pulverized by a crusher and the raw fibers of wheat straw fiber mulch film were obtained by a self-made straw fibers preparation machine. Taking the soaking water temperature, soaking time, beating time, beating load, and pulp volume as influence factors and the dry tensile index, beating degree and pulp fiber length as response indexes to evaluate the pulp properties. The five-factor and five-level (1/2 type) quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combination design parameter optimization test method was adopt. The variances were analyzed using Design-Expert V6.0.10, and regression models were established between response indexes and influence factors. The analysis results showed that the beating time and the beating load had a very significant effect on the dry tensile index (P<0.01), and the interaction of various factors has no significant effect on the dry tensile index (P>0.05); the beating time, beating load, and the pulp volume had a very significant effect on the degree of beating (P<0.01), the interaction of soaking water temperature and soaking time had a significant effect on the degree of beating (P<0.05) while the interaction of the soaking water temperature and the pulp volume had a very significant effect on the degree of beating (P<0.01 ); beating time and beating load had a very significant effect on fiber length (P<0.01). The regression model optimization results were the soaking water temperature 63℃, soaking time 2 h, water volume of pulping pool 13.50 L, pulping load 4.57-5.50 kg and pulping time 0.25-0.68 h. Under such an optimized combination conditions, the response indexes of wheat straw fiber mulch film pulp processed as follows: the dry tensile index was greater than 5 Nm/g, the beating degree was less than 50 °SR, and the pulp fiber length was more than 0.9 mm, which indicated that the processed pulp could be used for manufacturing wheat straw fiber mulch film, and the wheat straw fiber mulch film could meet the technical requirements for covering and cultivating crops in wet and dry fields.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Pulp beating
Controlled terms:Cost effectiveness - Entertainment industry - Fibers - Film preparation - Regression analysis - Smoke - Straw - Temperature - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Objective functions - Optimized combinations - Orthogonal rotations - Pretreatment technology - Process parameters - Quadratic regression - Sustainable raw materials - Technical requirement
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 811.1.1 Papermaking Processes - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 4.57e+00kg to 5.50e+00kg, Size 9.00e-04m, Time 7.20e+03s, Time 9.00e+02s to 2.45e+03s, Volume 1.35e-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20203109004512
Title:Quantitative evolution and marginal effect analysis of spatial factors of cultivated land based on Logistic regression
Title of translation:基于Logistic回归的耕地数量演变及其空间要素边际效应分析
Authors:Liu, Yanwen (1, 2); Zhou, Xia (2); He, Zongyi (1); Hao, Hanzhou (2); He, Guosong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China; (2) School of Resources and Environment Science and Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning; 437100, China
Corresponding author:He, Zongyi(zongyihe@tom.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:267-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Evolution of cultivated land needs to be clarified in the driving mechanism for the sustainable land use in China. Most studies generally focused on the relationship between the evolutionary data and the driving mechanism in the evolution of cultivated land use. However, research on the drivers of marginal impact is rare, such as the spatial factor density that represented by the POI points. There can be a tipping point of marginal impact, when the quantity reaches a specific region, in the distance to the main road represented by the human factors. In this paper, the marginal effect analysis was used to make a preliminary evaluation, taking Southern Hubei as an example. Landsat remote sensing images were selected for the interpretation data of three periods from the year of 2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2010-2015, including 15 types of POI spatial data. Firstly, the evaluation system of spatial factors was constructed from three aspects, including Euclidean distance indices, POI kernel density indices and locational indices. The Spatio-temporal evolution of cultivated land was systematically analyzed, together with dynamic change in the area from 2000 to 2015. Secondly, the principal component analysis was used to integrate the driving factors for the change of cultivated land. The extracted principal components were selected to construct the multiple Logistic regression models, including interaction terms. Lastly, an emphasis was put on the bidirectional marginal effect of spatial elements in the driving mechanism, and the change rule that illustrated by the graph of marginal effect. The results indicated that: (1) The evolution types of cultivated land showed the agglomeration of the same type, while the specific conversion type strongly depended on the spillover effect of neighboring land use. There was obvious evolution trend from cultivated land to construction, but others were not, possibly due to the influence from the macro-control policy of land use. From 2000 to 2015, the proportion of cultivated land converted to construction land increased from 28% to 44%, and then jumped to 96%, mainly concentrated in areas around towns and along major roads. (2) Marginal effects of spatial factors depend on types of cultivated land and periods. From 2000 to 2015, there was a gradual decrease in the variation range of marginal effect for different conversion types of cultivated land, while the homogeneous intersection point moved in the same direction for marginal effect curves of different transformation types. The dominated marginal effect of natural location factors was on the conversion of cultivated land to construction land, and cultivated land to water area, when the spatial elements of POI were different values. (3) The curve of spatial factors implied that there was a critical value of marginal effect. In the range of critical values, marginal effect changed significantly with the spatial factors, but outside the range, marginal effect tended to be stable. The qualitative and quantitative analysis on the marginal effect of spatial factors can offer a theoretical reference for the optimization of cultivated land layout, and the formulation of regional coordinated development strategy.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Factor analysis - Logistic regression - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Development strategies - Multiple logistic regression - Principal Components - Qualitative and quantitative analysis - Remote sensing images - Spatiotemporal evolution - Sustainable land use - Transformation types
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.80e+01% to 4.40e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20203109004317
Title:Spatial-temporal evolution of land use and ecosystem service value in the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Region
Title of translation:黄河下游地区土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空演变
Authors:Zhang, Pengyan (1, 2); Geng, Wenliang (1); Yang, Dan (1); Li, Yanyan (1); Zhang, Yu (1); Qin, Mingzhou (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Region, Research Center of Regional Development and Planning, Institute of Agriculture and Rural Sustainable Development, Kaifeng; 475004, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Yellow River Civilization Provincial Co-construction, Kaifeng; 475001, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Mingzhou(mzqin@henu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:277-288
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is one of the important driving forces of ecosystem services change. Because ecosystem services depend on different ecological and geographical processes on different spatial and temporal scales, it is of great significance to study ecosystem services based on LUCC. In recent years, the LUCC in the Lower Yellow River has changed obviously, which has a huge impact on the regional ecological environment. Strengthening the research on the land use and Ecosystem Services Value (ESV) can effectively promote the protection of the ecological environment in the Lower Yellow River, which is of great significance for the sustainable development of the whole Yellow River basin ecosystem. Based on the land use classification data of the Lower Yellow River from 1990 to 2015, using the land use change degree and land use transfer matrix, this paper explored the spatiotemporal distribution of land transfer change, and used the equivalent factor method, hot spot analysis and focus model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and spatial heterogeneity of the county ecosystem service value in the Lower Yellow River. The results showed that: 1) During 1990-2015, the area of farmland, grassland and unused land decreased by 2 894, 1 476 and 856 km<sup>2</sup> respectively, and the area of built-up land increased by 4598 km<sup>2</sup>. Farmland was the main contributor of the increase of built-up land. 2) From the perspective of spatiotemporal scale, the ESV of the Lower Yellow River decreased by1.885 billion yuan in 25 years, and the areas with higher average ESV decreased gradually, while the areas with lower average ESV increased gradually. The ESV at the county level changed obviously, and most of the regions showed a downward trend. Sensitivity analysis showed that the ESV of the Lower Yellow River was inelastic to the value coefficient. Even though the value coefficient was uncertain, the calculation of ecosystem services in the whole study area was still stable, which could prove that the research results were credible. 3) From 1990 to 2015, the spatial concentration degree of the high value and low value areas of average ESV in the Lower Yellow River was obvious, but there was a trend of gradual weakening. The barycenter of ESV was located in Yuncheng County, Shandong Province. The ecosystem service value of Shandong Province was always higher than Henan Province. 4)The spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was influenced by the interaction of natural factors, social factors and economic factors, and was the result of the interaction of different driving factors, among which the human comprehensive impact index has the greatest impact on the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service. Therefore, the ecological protection of the Yellow River should strengthen the protection of the vulnerable areas of the ecosystem, strengthen the construction of regional ecological barriers, build the evaluation system of the coordinated development of the ecological economy, and realize the high-quality development of the ecological economy in the Lower Yellow River.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Economics - Farms - Land use - Quality control - Rivers - Sensitivity analysis - Sustainable development - Transfer matrix method
Uncontrolled terms:Ecosystem service values - Ecosystem services value - Land use/land cover change - Lower reaches of the yellow rivers - Spatial and temporal scale - Spatial-temporal evolution - Spatiotemporal distributions - Spatiotemporal evolution
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.50e+01yr, Area 1.48e+09m2, Area 4.60e+09m2, Area 8.56e+08m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.11.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
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- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
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