<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20203008979157
Title:Effects of moisture content on elastic-plastic properties of bulk wheat
Title of translation:含水率对小麦粮堆弹塑性力学特性的影响
Authors:Jiang, Minmin (1, 2); Chen, Guixiang (1, 2); Liu, Chaosai (1, 2); Liu, Wenlei (1, 2); Zhang, Zhijing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Grain Storage and Transportation, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:245-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The total annual output of grain is about 600 million tons in China. With the development of grain storage technology, grain bins with diameter larger than 30 m and capacity exceed tens of thousand tons emerged in recent years. As the climate in different regions vary greatly in China, grain moisture content varied significant in bins accordingly, for instance, grain moisture content is high in bins in southeast of China, while it is substantially low in northwest of China. The effect of moisture content on elastic-plastic properties of bulk wheat was investigated in this study. Wheat grain produced in Zhengzhou, China was utilized in this study, the equivalent diameter of kernel was 4.5 mm. The wheat was dried in oven under 105℃, wetted to moisture content of 4.90%, 8.56%, 10.64% and 13.45%, and sealed in plastic bag and placed in refrigerator under 10℃ to equilibrate for 7 days to a stable state. Then bulk wheat sample was tested in stress path triaxial apparatus. The bulk density was 0.8 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, the height of sample was 124 mm, and diameter was 61.8 mm which was about 13.7 times of equivalent kernel diameter, and diameter ratio conformed to the requirement of triaxial test. Cell pressure in the test was set to be 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kPa, the maximum cell pressure of 300 kPa covered most situation in grain bins. The wheat samples were sheared by increase axial stress, while keep cell pressure constant, until axial strain was large than 25%, which was correspond to the critical state. Test results showed that peak shear strength and residual shear strength followed nonlinear Mohr-Coulomb criterion for granular material, in that the cohesion was zero, friction angle was a nonlinear parameter depending on cell pressure. The friction angle decreased with the increase of logarithmic value of cell pressure. Peak friction angle and residual friction angle under reference pressure (100 kPa) increased with the increase of moisture content, as moisture content increased from 4.90% to 13.45%, peak friction angle increased from 25.4° to 27.4° and residual friction angle increased from 24.1° to 26.7°. Peak friction angle and residual friction angle under reference pressure were 24.03° and 22.31° when moisture content was zero. As moisture content increased for 1%, peak friction angle and residual friction angle under reference pressure increased by 0.22° and 0.30° respectively. In deviator stress - mean normal stress plane, the peak result and critical state result followed Cambridge elastic-plastic theory, i.e. deviator stress increased linear with mean normal stress. Peak stress ratio and critical state stress ratio increased linear with moisture content. As moisture content increased from 4.90% to 13.45%, peak stress ratio increased from 0.905 to 1.008 and critical state stress ratio increased from 0.863 to 0.981. When moisture content was zero, peak stress ratio and critical state stress ratio was 0.835 and 0.776 respectively, and moisture content increased for 1%, peak stress ratio and critical state stress ratio increased by 0.012 and 0.014 respectively. Initial modulus was the modulus under axial strain of 0.05%, secant modulus was the modulus under half of peak deviator stress. The relationship between initial modulus, secant modulus and cell pressure could be expressed through power function model. Initial modulus and secant modulus under reference pressure decreased linear with moisture content. Initial modulus and secant modulus under reference pressure was 28.9 and 6.86 MPa when moisture content was zero, and moisture content increased for 1%, initial modulus and secant modulus under reference pressure decreased for 0.98 MPa and 0.25 MPa respectively. As moisture content ranged from 4.90% to 13.45%, the exponent in initial modulus model was between 0.482 and 0.866, the exponent in secant modulus model was between 0.759 and 0.881.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Moisture
Controlled terms:Cells - Critical current density (superconductivity) - Cytology - Elastoplasticity - Friction - Grain (agricultural product) - Low temperature drying - Moisture determination - Plastic containers - Plasticity
Uncontrolled terms:Elastic plastic property - Elastic plastic theory - Equivalent diameter - Grain moisture content - Mohr coulomb criterion - Non-linear parameters - Peak shear strength - Residual shear strength
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 9.80e+05Pa, Size 1.24e-01m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 4.50e-03m, Size 6.18e-02m, Mass_Density 8.00e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+00% to 1.34e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 8.56e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 2.50e+05Pa, Pressure 2.89e+07Pa, Pressure 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 6.86e+06Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20203008979132
Title:Optimal selection and verification of plant species for desertification control in Tibet based on big data
Title of translation:基于大数据的西藏荒漠化治理植物优选与验证
Authors:Liu, Pingzeng (1); Wang, Xue (1, 2); Song, Chengbao (3); Zhang, Chao (1); Ao, Baoping (2, 4); Lyu, Tao (2, 4); Zhang, Lixin (2, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Elion Green Land Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100067, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (4) Inner Mongolia Hobq Desert Institute of Technology, Hangjin Banner; 017418, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Pingzeng(pzliu@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:166-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land desertification has posed a major hazard to the society, economy, and environment in the Tibet semi-arid areas. The scientific and rational control of desertification becomes much more important to improve the living environment of human beings and the sustainable development of ecological system. Plant planting is expected to be one of the effective means of desertification control. Previous research had conducted on the selection of plant species for the desert governance, but it is necessary to accurately optimize the specific plant species, particularly on the range of plant selection, data analysis process and consideration of comprehensive benefits. In this study, a method of plant selection was proposed based on big data. Two steps were mainly included: one step was to optimize plants that meet the climate suitability of the study area in preliminary analysis, and another step was to verify the influence factors of the selected plants in comprehensive evaluation. A platform of big data was established for desertification ecological governance and the realization of all-round collection of major desert ecological information in China. The initial conditions were then defined according to the characteristics and direction of desertification governance in the study area. A database of germplasm resources for desert restoration plant was constructed to classify and select the subsequent plant categories. It is also necessary to consider the limitations of the dominant meteorological factors, such as "light, temperature, and water", due to the relatively serious problems of water shortage, high intensity of sunshine, and low accumulated temperature in the study area. After the data was automatically collected by the Internet of Things (Iots), the meteorological characteristics and changes of the study area were used to provide theoretical support for the further matching of plant varieties with high temperature resistance, high intensity of sunlight and strong drought resistance. Plants with similar properties were classified into a group based on the threshold value of suitable meteorological conditions of plants by using cluster analysis, correlation analysis and other big data methods. The adaptability of plants was also analyzed during this time. In clustering, main plant species were grouped 5 categories based on upper limit and lower limit of threshold respectively. The correlation coefficient was calculated between the plants' own suitable environment and the meteorological conditions in the study area, and the average value was obtained by category. In the plant categories with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.95, the plants that located in both upper and lower classifications were assumed as optimum match on the meteorological conditions in the study area. The second step was to select plants with a high degree of comprehensive suitability based on the preliminary generation scheme. Taking the preliminary selected plants as the evaluation object, an expert scoring method and analytic hierarchy process were used to make a horizontal comparison and comprehensive ranking of plants, particularly on considering the influence of topography, soil, ecological benefits, economic benefits, farmers' planting preference and policy support on the growth of plants. The experimental results showed that Juglans regia L. scored the highest, Lycium ruthenicum Murr. was the second, while Halogeton glomeratus and Karelinia caspica scored were the lowest. Since four plants have good wind and sand fixation, and soil improvement effects, Juglans regia L. planting has the advantages of less initial investment, storage resistance, and easy long-distance transportation, indicating that it was suitable for the economic and ecological benefits for the study area. Therefore, the introduction of Juglans regia L. can be the optimal option for desertification governance in the study area. The results of plant selection were also verified in the experimental areas of Sangye Town, Zhanang County, Shannan City, Tibet. In the field county, the desertification phenomenon has been severe for a long time, with the vegetation types of mainly herbaceous plants, where the survival period of plant is relatively short, even no living trees in some areas. The flat areas surrounded by mountains on three sides can be set as the site, where can be more suitable for the growth of early Juglans regia L.. Therefore, Juglans regia L. has been planted for more than two years under the intervention and management of artificial science. At present, good growth and strong branching ability show an optimal ecological adaptability to the natural environment of the area. Compared with other plants grown in the same period, Juglans regia L. has better performance on the resistance of high temperature, sunshine and drought. In addition, the number of herbs around walnuts has increased significantly in more than two years, to achieve the expected ecological and economic benefits. Both theoretical analysis and actual trial experiments have demonstrated that it is promising feasible to plant Juglans regia L. in the areas of Sangye Town, Zhanang County, Shannan City, Tibet.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Investments
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Big data - Classification (of information) - Climatology - Cluster analysis - Conservation - Digital storage - Drought - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Landforms - Sustainable development - Topography - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Comprehensive evaluation - Correlation coefficient - Ecological and economic - Ecological information - High temperature resistance - Internet of thing (IoTs) - Meteorological condition
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20203008979149
Title:Soil water content inversion model in field maize root zone based on UAV multispectral remote sensing
Title of translation:无人机多光谱遥感反演各生育期玉米根域土壤含水率
Authors:Tan, Chengxuan (1, 2); Zhang, Zhitao (1, 2); Xu, Chonghao (1); Ma, Yu (1); Yao, Zhihua (1); Wei, Guangfei (1); Li, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Areas Subordinated to the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhitao(zhitaozhang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:63-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rapid acquisition of soil water content (SWC) in field crop root zone is significant for drought supervision and precision irrigation. The UAV multispectral remote sensing system has the advantages of obtaining high spatial-temporal resolution of crop phenotype data, and has a wide application prospect in soil moisture monitoring. In order to obtain SWC accurately and timely at a farm scale, in this paper, the field maize with different water treatments is taken as the research object, and the multispectral remote sensing monitoring of summer maize is carried out by using the UAV remote sensing platform, and the soil water content of different soil depth in maize root zone is collected synchronously. Based on the UAV multispectral remote sensing image data sets of jointing stage, tasseling-silking stage and milky-maturity stage of summer maize in 2018, the soil background is removed by support vector machine classification, the spectral reflection of maize canopy is extracted, and the 10 vegetation indices are calculated, then the sensitivity analysis of soil water content in different depth is carried out by using full subset screening method for different wave bands and vegetation indices, and the soil water content in different depth is analyzed respectively, ridge regression and extreme learning machine are used to construct quantitative estimation models of soil water content at 0-20, 20-45 and 45-60 cm soil depth after full subset selection.The test area is located in Zhaojun Town, Dalate Banner, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, China(40°26'0.29" N, 109°36'25.99" E, elevation 1 010 m). The sowing time of maize is on May 11, 2018, the emergence time is on May 18, and the harvest time is on September 8, 2018. The total growth period is 114 days. The UAV multispectral remote sensing images and ground data collection dates are July 8, July 12, July 17, July 21, July 26, August 2, August 28 and September 7, 2018. It is collected once a day and tested 8 times in the whole growth period. July 8-21 is the jointing stage, July 26-August 2 is the tasseling-silking stage, August 28-september 7 is the milk-maturity stage. The flight altitude of the UAV is 70 m, and the flight time is 11:00-13:00 local time (11:44-13:44 Beijing time). Firstly, the UAV multispectral canopy images of field maize with 5 different irrigation treatments (TRTs) are acquired through the six-rotor UAV equipped with a RedEdge multispectral camera ( MicaSense, USA), and the multispectral images of diffuse reflector (reflectivity 58%, size 3×3 m) are collected at the same height to perform radiometric correction in the meantime, and then the spectral reflectances of the field maize are acquired. Secondly, the support vector machine (SVM) is used to eliminate the multispectral image of soil background in ENVI and ArcGIS software, then the maize canopy spectral reflectance is extracted and 10 vegetation indices (VI<inf>s</inf>), such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Green Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI) and Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption In Reflectance Index(TCARI), etc, are calculated. Finally, the full subset selection method based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) is used to analyze the sensitivity of SWC at different depths for different spectra bands and vegetation indices in R3.5.1 software, and then Ridge Regression (RR) as well as Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) are used to construct a quantitative estimation model of SWC at soil depths of 0-20, 20-45 and 45-60 cm at different growth stages, respectively. The results show that the full subset selection method based on BIC can effectively select the optimal spectral subset, and the selected variables generally pass the significance test and the independent variables number is small; the effects of the ELM model outperformed the RR model almost under all the same conditions; the optimal monitoring soil depth of maize at jointing stage, tasseling-silking stage is 0-20 cm, and the optimal monitoring soil depth of milk-maturity stage is 20-45 cm; the ELM inversion model at 20-45 cm soil depth at milk-maturity stage has the best effect, the decision coefficients of modeling set and verification set are 0.825 and 0.750, respectively, the root mean square error are 1.00% and 1.32%, respectively, and the normalized root mean square error are 10.85% and 13.55%, respectively. The combination of full subset selection method and machine learning can improve the inversion accuracy and robustness of SWC. This study provides a new way for rapid and accurate monitoring of SWC in farmland and precise irrigation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Crops - Dairies - Image processing - Irrigation - Knowledge acquisition - Mean square error - Moisture control - Reflection - Remote sensing - Sensitivity analysis - Set theory - Soil moisture - Support vector machines - Support vector regression - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Bayesian information criterion - Extreme learning machine - Green difference vegetation indices - Multispectral remote sensing - Multispectral remote sensing image - Normalized difference vegetation index - Soil moisture monitoring - Support vector machine classification
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.12e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+00%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.01e+03m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.50e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 7.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20203008979131
Title:Influences of spring and autumn on the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the slurry predicted by near-infrared spectrum model on dairy farms
Title of translation:春秋季对近红外光谱模型预测奶牛场粪水氮磷含量结果的影响
Authors:Sun, Di (1); Yang, Renjie (2); Li, Mengting (3); Mu, Meirui (2); Li, Mingtang (1); Zhang, Keqiang (3); Zhao, Run (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China; (3) Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin; 300191, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Run(15900389657@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:197-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Returning to the field was the optimal way out for the great deal of slurry from dairy farms in China at the moment. Nitrogen and phosphorus were important nutrient measurable indicators. Variation in nitrogen and phosphorus content was influenced by many natural factors involved in temperature, wind speed, and rainfall so that it was hard to quickly and accurately quantify, leading to the difficulty of returning the slurry to the field. Therefore, aimed at learning the influence of typical seasonal factors on the variation of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the slurry of large-scale dairy farms together with the prediction results of near-infrared spectroscopy models, it was significantly meaningful that provide the basis of setting up the testing method and standard system for guiding them safely and scientifically returning the slurry to the field. 250 slurry samples were gathered in the whole process of slurry treatment from 27 large-scale dairy farms in Tianjin both in spring and autumn. The influence of season on the distribution characteristics of chemical values of nitrogen and phosphorus in the slurry was analyzed, meanwhile the near-infrared spectra of the whole samples were collected and subjected to the principal component analysis. Then the Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to establish the seasonal models that involved the spring model, autumn model, and mixed model of both, as well as the demi-season models for the quantified analysis of the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the slurry. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the samples appeared varying degrees of variability with seasonal changes. In the seasonal models, the Root Mean Squared Error of prediction set (RMSEP) of three Total Nitrogen (TN) models was 338.26, 334.23, and 382.29 mg/L, respectively. The correlation coefficients of calibration set (R<inf>p</inf>) was 0.98, 0.94, and 0.96, respectively. The Residual Predictive Deviations (RPD) was 4.67, 2.83, and 3.56, respectively. RMSEP of three Total Phosphorus (TP) models was 20.04, 22.73, and 23.51 mg/L, respectively. R<inf>p</inf> was 0.90, 0.81 and 0.83, respectively. RPD was 2.03, 1.68, and 1.80, respectively. As a whole, the spring model showed a better result than the autumn model, which highlighted the effect of seasonal influence on the prediction. RMSEP of two TN models for mutual prediction between spring and autumn was 934.57 and 845.82 mg/L, respectively. R<inf>p</inf> was 0.97 and 0.92, respectively. RPD was 2.28 and 2.58, respectively. RMSEP of two TP models for mutual prediction between spring and autumn was 50.06 and 24.81 mg/L, respectively. R<inf>p</inf> was 0.84 and 0.48, respectively. RPD was 0.94 and 1.64, respectively. The overall effect of the demi-season model was inferior compared to the seasonal models. And the performance of the demi-season model was too poor to be used for the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus content in the slurry. In summary, the interior seasonal model of nitrogen and phosphorus in the slurry was superior to the demi-season model and the prediction results of the nitrogen and phosphorus model in the slurry were influenced by the seasonal factors. All the results indicated that the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of slurry were influenced by the seasons. Further objective would be designed to establish the comprehensive forecast models with overall seasonal elements to enhance the feasibility and stability of models that providing the technical support for the development of portable measurement facilities, breaking through the dilemma of quantified analysis under the complicated situation in numerous intensive dairy farms, leading to the slurry recycling back to the field in safely and scientifically meanwhile controlling over the environmental pollution risk.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Farms - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Phosphorus - Pollution control - Risk assessment - Testing - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Distribution characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Near infrared spectra - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Partial least square (PLS) - Quantified analysis - Root mean squared errors
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.35e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.48e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.82e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.01e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.46e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.35e-01kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20203008979134
Title:Near-infrared real-time online bypass detection of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic fermentation of manure
Title of translation:在线旁路近红外实时监测粪污厌氧发酵挥发性脂肪酸含量
Authors:Liang, Hao (1); Huang, Yuanping (1); Sheng, Guanghui (1); Han, Lujia (1); Yang, Zengling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zengling(yangzengling@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic fermentation is one of the important ways for the utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources. As an important intermediate product, volatile fatty acids can well reflect the degradation process of organic substances, and its real-time detection is of great significance for online monitoring of the fermentation process. In this study, a near-infrared real-time dynamic detection device and a digestate circulation loop system were designed based on an online bypass detection method on an existing laboratory-type anaerobic fermentation system, and the feasibility of online and real-time detection of total volatile fatty acids and individual volatile fatty acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid and TVFA were investigated. Specifically, the online bypass system includes an online detection device and a digestate circulation loop system. The core of the online detection device is to use the near infrared spectrometer (MicroNIR pat-u, 950-1 650 nm) to collect the optical information of digestate online in real time. The spectral acquisition mode is transflectance mode, which can obtain the spectral information of digestate to the greatest extent. The digestate circulation loop system is able to drain the digestate to the online detection site. After the detection, the loop system is cleaned by water and dried by hot air, so as to avoid the cross contamination between the two measurements and ensure the correct optical information collected by the spectrometer each time. This study takes pig manure anaerobic fermentation process as the research object. The experiment lasts for 60 days. The optical information of the anaerobic fermentation process is collected daily by the near-infrared spectrometer of the online bypass system, and the digestate samples are collected for chemical analysis at the same time. The volatile fatty acid content determined by gas chromatography and the collected optical information of digestate were used to establish a quantitative analysis model. Finally, the quantitative analysis model was used to realize the dynamic detection of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation process, in which the chemometrics algorithms were used including the spectrum preprocessing algorithm (1st derivative, Autoscale, SNV) and partial least squares modeling algorithm.The results show that the designed online detection scheme and calibration model have a good effect on the dynamic real-time detection of volatile fatty acid content, and even if the concentration of isobutyric acid is relatively low (5/10 000), it can still achieve a more accurate detection. The results were that the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.811, RPD=2.055 and RSD=2.288% for the acetic acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.849, RPD=2.116 and RSD=2.195% for the propionic acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.968, RPD=5.555 and RSD=2.132% for the isobutyric acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.889, RPD=2.701 and RSD=1.846% for the butyric acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.94, RPD=3.843 and RSD=3.444% for the isovaleric acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.889, RPD=2.751 and RSD=2.387% for the valeric acid, the R<sup>2</sup>p=0.734, RPD=1.846 and RSD=2.150% for the total volatile fatty acids. Based on the online detection scheme proposed in this study, near-infrared spectroscopy technology can achieve fast, online, and real-time dynamic detection of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation process. In the next step, this research can be carried out in a plant-scale biogas project with online bypass system, so as to realize the long-term detection of biogas project by near-infrared technology, providing real-time data support for regulating anaerobic fermentation process, generating income for enterprises and reducing economic losses.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Agriculture - Biogas - Butyric acid - Contamination - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gas chromatography - Infrared radiation - Infrared spectrometers - Least squares approximations - Losses - Mammals - Manures - Near infrared spectroscopy - pH - Process control - Propionic acid - Saturated fatty acids - Signal detection
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation process - Fermentation process - Near infrared spectrometer - Partial least squares models - Pre-processing algorithms - Quantitative analysis model - Total volatile fatty acids
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-01yr, Size 9.50e-07m to 1.65e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20203008979141
Title:Distribution characteristics of bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in intensive land restoration project areas on the Loess Plateau
Title of translation:黄土高原生态工程区土壤容重及饱和导水率的分布特征
Authors:Zhao, Yali (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yunqiang (2, 3); Zhang, Xingchang (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an; 710061, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yunqiang(wangyunq04@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:83-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity are two important hydraulic parameters of soil, and thereby highly affect water holding capacity of soil, infiltration, runoff formation, and soil erosion. There are great topographical changes on the Loess Plateau of China, as the projects of Grain for Green and Gully Land Consolidation have been largely implemented in recent years. It is essential to understanding the temporal change of soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and their response to the intensive land restoration projects for the ecological management on Chinese Loess Plateau. Taking Gutun watershed as the research area, the objective of this study was to investigate the temporal variation of soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity and their controlling factors in the intensive land restoration area, where the projects of Grain for Green and the Gully Land Consolidation were widely implemented. The sampling point of an 80 m × 80 m grid, and totally with 89 sampling sites were selected, in order to ensure that the sampling sites were uniformly distributed and represented all types of land use in the watershed. Measurements of soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity were conducted on undisturbed soil samples at each site taken from the surface soil layers (0-5 cm) on three periods in September and November 2016 and March 2017 at Gutun watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results showed that the soil bulk density ranged from 0.93 to 1.61 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, while the saturated hydraulic conductivity was from 0.01 to 7.30 cm/min (for all sites). The soil bulk density displayed a weak variability (Coefficient of Variation (CV) was 10%) among different seasons, while the saturated hydraulic conductivity indicated a strong variability (CV=166%, for all sites). The soil bulk density on slope was significantly smaller than that in gully (P<0.05), while the saturated hydraulic conductivity on slope was significantly larger than that in gully (P<0.05). The soil bulk density increased from September to November 2016, and then decreased from November 2016 to March 2017, whereas the saturated hydraulic conductivity showed an adverse trend among the three measurements. The soil bulk density under forest and grassland showed a significantly seasonal variation, whereas the saturated hydraulic conductivity displayed a significantly seasonal variation under all land use types. Topography (elevation) played an important role in determining the soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity in the area, where the projects of intensive land restoration implemented. External environment (temperature) was the controlling factor that determined the temporal change of soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Multivariate analysis revealed that the land use posed a significant impact on the soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The duration and the interaction of land use had significant impact on saturated hydraulic conductivity, not for soil bulk density. The results demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the temporal variation of soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity and their affecting factors, when modelling and predicting the relevant soil hydraulic processes. This finding can also provide a deep insight to the related eco-hydrology processes in the implemented areas of intensive land restoration.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Hydraulic conductivity
Controlled terms:Land use - Landforms - Multivariant analysis - Restoration - Sediments - Soil surveys - Soils - Topography - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Distribution characteristics - Ecological managements - Loess plateau of chinas - Multi variate analysis - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil hydraulic process - Water holding capacity
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 922 Statistical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 9.30e+02kg/m3 to 1.61e+03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 8.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20203008979156
Title:Design and experiments of the key components for centralized pneumatic rice dry direct seeding machine
Title of translation:气吹集排式水稻旱直播机关键部件设计与试验
Authors:Dai, Yizheng (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1); Zhang, Minghua (1); Lan, Feng (2); Zhou, Yujiao (2); Wang, Zaiman (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Jiangxi Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Nanchang; 330044, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zaiman(wangzaiman@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modern rice drilling needs to meet the increasing requirements of different rice varieties, high speed operation and large seeding rate for direct seeding farmland in China. In this study, a kind of centralized pneumatic rice seeding machine with high precision was developed for dry land, including uniform distributing unit, seeds metering unit, pneumatic tube line conveying unit, synchronous transmission unit, large size integrated seed box, ditching, soil covering and compacting unit, supporting and suspension unit. The distributing mechanism and uniformity of the pneumatic centralized distributor were investigated according to the rice varieties, working speed, and seeding rate of seeding machine. The theory of airflow conveying was utilized to evaluate the movement trajectories of seeds in the distributor under continuous air flow in terms of physical characteristics of different rice varieties. A groove-wheel metering device was designed to adjust the seeding rate, in order to meet the requirement of large tailoring speed of seeding, where the groove shape was arc-shaped, and a dual ground wheels driving was used to ensure the synchronization between seeding rate of seed metering device. Variable speed transmission devices were utilized to increase adaptability of high-speed working for the seeds metering unit. A centralized-pneumatic rice seeding machine was trail-produced and tested, and the comparison study was conducted to explore the movement behavior and field seeding effects by using varieties of indica and japonica rice in the direct seeding process. The test results showed that the seeding rate of rice seeding machine was 75-375 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the maximum working speed was 14 km/h, the working width of the 10 rows was 2 m and 20 rows was 4 m, and the coefficients of variation of sowing quantity per row were 4.89% and 5.06%, respectively. The broken rate of rice seeding in paddy field was 0.46%. In 2017, the rice yield of japonica Fu Yuan No. 4 was 10 372.5 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in Ningxia, the rice yield of indica Yue Nong Si Miao was 7 074 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in Guangdong. The production results demonstrated that the developed centralized pneumatic rice seeding machine for dry land could reach the design goal and meet the working requirements for direct seeding farmland in China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Farms - Pneumatics - Speed - Variable speed transmissions - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficients of variations - High-speed operation - Movement behavior - Movement trajectories - Physical characteristics - Seed metering devices - Synchronous transmission - Uniform distributing
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 632.3 Pneumatics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.60e-01%, Percentage 4.89e+00%, Percentage 5.06e+00%, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 4.00e+00m, Velocity 3.89e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20203008979133
Title:Decision-making of farmers to exit land contract management right and influencing factors under scenario simulation
Title of translation:情景模拟下农民土地承包经营权退出决策及影响因素分析
Authors:Niu, Haipeng (1, 2); Niu, Pengcheng (1); Xiao, Dongyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering of Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) Institute of Ecological Civilization and High-quality Development of Yellow River, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Urbanization in current China has brought profound changes in every phase of social life and modern agriculture. Specifically, the rural labor migration to cities and towns has posed a significant challenge on the contract management between household and cultivated land during agricultural modernization. The transfer of rural contracted land-use rights is gradually becoming a heat dispute in the basic rural management system. The stable land contract relationships need to be maintained in the countryside over the long term, while it also needs to strengthen supervision of and services related to the exit of rural contracted land-use rights for the standardized and intensive agriculture. During this time, the withdrawal rights of farmers' land contract can be a major management measure in China's rural land reform, in order to promote the moderate urbanization of rural land on a larger scale. In this study, seven exit modes in scenario simulations were established to analyze the exit decision-making of farmers under different conditions based on the exit policies that have been implemented in some typical pilot areas in the country. Survey questionnaires from 279 field farmers were made to clarify the influencing factors of farmers' exit decisions on different modes under scenario simulation. A single factor analysis was used to analyze the 16 potential influencing factors from the four feature dimensions in turn, where a Chi-square test was utilized to evaluate the significant level of the variables for the selection of the single factor analysis in the multiple order. A Logistic regression was used to reveal the factors that influence farmers' decision-making on the withdrawal of land contractual management rights. The results show that: 1) Under different scenarios, the interviewed farmers have various willingness to accept the exit mode. In the exit modes that implemented in Neijiang, Sichuan and Chengdu, Sichuan, farmers expressed their willingness to accept accounted for 63.08% (Neijiang mode) and 53.05% (Chengdu mode) of the total sample. The acceptance rate of farmers was similar in Pingluo mode of 16.49% and in Meitan mode of 18.28%. There was a lowest acceptance rate of farmers in the Jinhu mode. A conservative attitude can occur in the farmers' exit decisions under various scenarios. The withdrawal decision of land tenure was mainly focused on the single-item exit and long-term exit of land contractual management rights, while the exit mode of "three rights withdrawal" was more cautious for the farms. 2) The regression results show that there are various influencing factors of farmers' decision-making on exiting from different scenarios. The variable expected risk level has a significant impact on the exit decisions in the seven scenarios. If farmers feel that the expected risk level is relatively low, they are generally more inclined to withdraw from land contractual management rights. The ability of risk avoidance was stronger in other scenarios than that in the Wenjiang mode. If farmers think that they cannot afford the risk of exit completely, they usually choose not to quit the right of contract land. The type of household has a positive impact on the exit decisions in the Neijiang, Wenjiang and Chengdu modes, whereas, the quit willingness was even strong in the non-farm households. Whether there was abandonment or idleness in the contracted land has a significant impact on the Liangping, Meitan and Jinhu modes. Specifically, farmers with abandonment or idleness land were more willing to withdraw from land contractual management rights. This finding can provide policy implications for the establishment of diversified exit modes to clarify withdrawal mechanism of land contraction management right.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Factor analysis - Heating - Land use - Logistic regression - Multivariant analysis - Public policy - Risk perception - Rural areas - Statistical tests - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Contract management - Feature dimensions - Management measures - Modern agricultures - Policy implications - Scenario simulations - Willingness to accept
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 6.31e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20203008979164
Title:Irrigation models for the tomatoes cultivated in organic substrate based on greenhouse environment and crop growth
Title of translation:基于温室环境和作物生长的番茄基质栽培灌溉模型
Authors:Xu, Lihong (1); Xiao, Kangjun (1); Wei, Ruihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronics and Information Engineering in Tongji University, Shanghai; 201804, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:189-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water supply is an essential to the normal growth of plants, due to too much or insufficient water can seriously confine the yield and quality of greenhouse crops. The traditional greenhouse irrigation method mainly triggers quantitative irrigation system through timing control and radiation thresholds, without considering the comprehensive impact of microclimate changes on water consumption of crops in the greenhouse environment. In the conventional model, such as converting crop transpiration to irrigation water demand with the empirical ratio factor, there is a lacking the fact that the growth of crop canopy leaves can weaken the effect of solar radiation on water consumption of plants below the canopy. The conventional water supply methods cannot meet the actual needs of crops, and thereby inevitably cause serious waste of water resources and environmental pollution by excessive discharge of nutrient solution waste liquid, eventually deteriorate the economic benefit of crop production in greenhouse. Therefore, it is of great practical value to establish an irrigation model based on crop transpiration physiological characteristics and intercepted radiation effects of actual canopy growth changes. The relevant research of the soilless substrate cultivation crop transpiration model pointed out that the surface evaporation of the substrate can be small or even negligible, indicating that the soil evaporation does not need to be considered when estimating the tomato transpiration of the soilless substrate cultivation. Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration model including soil evaporation cannot accurately estimate the transpiration of substrate-cultivated tomato in terms of greenhouse. In addition, some models were introduced a grass datum with a fixed crop height and a large area covering the ground, in order to empirically simplify the calculation of impedance parameters, and then used historical data to fit crop coefficient as a medium for converting reference evapotranspiration to actual evapotranspiration. However, the estimation process did not consider the actual growth of the crop evapotranspiration surface. In this study, a new transpiration model was established for the tomato plants cultivated on rice-husk charcoal substrate in the greenhouse. The calculation of empirical parameters was modified based on soil evaporation in the original representation of the evapotranspiration model, according to the distinction between soil-cultivated crop evapotranspiration and substrate-cultivated crop transpiration. TOMGRO model was introduced to simulate real-time growth changes of tomatoes to replace the grass datum of fixed growth parameters. The new transpiration model has added the resistance parameters of the water vapor exchange between the leaves and outside air, while maintaining the characteristics of crop transpiration, indicating more suitable for the greenhouse microclimate environment and the real-time growth of crops. In the simulated transpiration results of historical data from each full cycle of tomato growth in four years, compared with the greenhouse soil-cultivated crop evapotranspiration model, the transpiration model of substrate tomato shows a small error to simulate tomato transpiration, where the average absolute error are less than 0.1 mm/d, the average relative error are less than 10%, the root mean square error are less than 0.1 and the correlation coefficient are greater than 0.95. Considering that due to the net radiation interception weakening solar radiation, the transpiration model of substrate tomato can be used to describe the transpiration changes of crop canopy, but ignore the water consumption of the entire plant canopy and below. Therefore, a transpiration-radiation integrated irrigation model was established by multiple linear regression method, where introducing the solar radiation linear water supply model as a linear compensation to estimate the tomato irrigation water requirement using the substrate tomato transpiration model. Comparing the actual irrigation data, the average absolute error of the simulated irrigation volume are less than 0.29 mm/d, the average relative error are less than 20%, and the root mean square error are no more than 0.3. These errors are also less than the allowable error 0.3 mm/d of manual recording irrigation data in the experimental greenhouse. The estimation of greenhouse tomato water consumption in substrate cultivation scenario, transpiration-radiation integrated irrigation model have high accuracy, certain rationality and practicability. These models can provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of irrigation water consumption of rice-husk charcoal substrate cultivated tomato in the greenhouse and irrigation implementation plan.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Transpiration
Controlled terms:Charcoal - Crops - Cultivation - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Forestry - Fruits - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Linear regression - Mean square error - Physiological models - Plants (botany) - Radiation effects - Soils - Solar radiation - Water pollution - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Actual evapotranspiration - Correlation coefficient - Environmental pollutions - Evapotranspiration modeling - Irrigation water requirements - Multiple linear regression method - Physiological characteristics - Reference evapotranspiration
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20203008979158
Title:Invertion of cultivated soil organic matter content combining multi-spectral remote sensing and random forest algorithm
Title of translation:多光谱遥感结合随机森林算法反演耕作土壤有机质含量
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1); Zhang, Meiwei (1); Yang, Haoxuan (1); Zhang, Xinle (1); Meng, Xiangtian (1); Li, Houxuan (1); Tang, Haitao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinle(xinlezhang@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:134-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil organic matter (SOM) inversion based on remote sensing generally uses single-date images as input. In order to explore the possibility of multi-spectral remote sensing with random forest to improve the accuracy of SOM inversion, this study was carried out in the cultivated land of Shengli Farm in Heilongjiang Province (133°34'-134°09'E, 47°13'-47°32'N). The Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 images from the bare soil period were chosen as the main data sources, and were used for calculating spectral index. Random forest algorithm was used to select spectral bands and spectral index as the input variables and thus to build SOM inversion model. Results showed that: 1) the SOM spectral response band for both Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 included the central wavelength: about 560, 660, 850 nm, and additional 740 nm of Sentinel-2A; 2) the performance of the optimal SOM inversion model, using predictors of the optimal band and spectral index in the single date from Sentinel-2A image, was well with the R<sup>2</sup> of 0.913 and RMSEval (root mean square error for validation data) of 0.860 kg/kg, which presented better results on accuracy and stability than that of Landsat 8 image; 3) the SOM inversion accuracies using the spectral indices from Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 images were increased by 28.87% and 8.72%, respectively compared to that using the optimal bands as input; 4) the accuracies of the inversion model based on single and double-dates bands and the spectral indices were as following: double-date images (R<sup>2</sup> was 0.938, RMSEval was 1.329 kg/kg), Sentinel-2A image (R<sup>2</sup> was 0.935, RMSEval was 1.944 kg/kg), Landsat 8 image (R<sup>2</sup> was 0.922, RMSEval was 2.022 kg/kg). The stability and accuracy of the SOM optimal inversion model for double-date images was higher than that for single-date image. Red-edge band of Sentinel-2A image provided the optimal band information for the SOM inversion because its wavelength range was within the spectral response wavelength range of SOM, which was beneficial to enhance inversion accuracy. In conclusion, by applying random forest algorithm and remote sensing data and introducing spectral indices into the input, the SOM inversion accuracy could be improved and the predicted SOM map could better characterize the spatial distribution of SOM content. The results of this study proved the advantages of Sentinel-2A images and multi-temporal images in the bare soil period for SOM inversion, and can provide effective methods for improving the precision of remote sensing inversion model of soil physical and chemical parameters such as SOM.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Decision trees - Mean square error - Organic compounds - Random forests - Remote sensing - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Central wavelength - Inversion accuracy - Multi-temporal image - Physical and chemical parameters - Random forest algorithm - Remote sensing data - Root mean square errors - Soil organic matters
Classification code:481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.89e+01%, Percentage 8.72e+00%, Size 7.40e-07m, Size 8.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20203008979137
Title:Modeling of the residual chlorine distribution in drip irrigation system applying reclaimed water based on EPANET
Title of translation:基于EPANET的再生水滴灌系统余氯分布模型构建
Authors:Wang, Zhen (1); Hao, Fengzhen (1, 2); Li, Jiusheng (1); Li, Yanfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jiusheng(lijs@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chlorination is an important practice to ensure the safety of drip irrigation system with reclaimed water application. However, the decaying process caused by chlorine reacting with irrigation water and drip irrigation pipeline will adversely affect the uniformity of residual chlorine distribution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different chlorination modes on the residual chlorine distribution in drip irrigation system using a model, which was constructed using the EPANET software package and could simulate the hydraulic performance and residual chlorine transport, attenuation and distribution in a drip irrigation system. The hydraulic and water quality parameters for the model were calibrated and validated based on the experimental data. The distribution of residual chlorine under 4 chlorination modes (chlorination concentration injected- chlorination duration of 1.3 mg/L-185 min (C1T4), 3 mg/L-80 min (C2T3), 6 mg/L-40 min (C3T2), and 8 mg/L-30 min (C4T1)) and 15 lateral lengths (10-150 m at 10-m intervals) were analyzed. The results showed that the hydraulic performance and residual chlorine distribution in the drip irrigation system were well simulated by the constructed model using the EPANET software. The index of agreement between the simulated and measured residual chlorine concentration of emitter discharge along lateral is above 0.75. The age of water discharged from emitters increased with the distance from the inlet of the lateral, while it ranged from 5.8-12.8, 1.2-16.9, and 1.1-27.3 min for the system with lateral length of 10, 80, and 150 m, respectively. The residual chlorination concentration decreased gradually from the inlet of the lateral due to the reaction of chlorine with water and pipe wall. The decay rate of the residual chlorine concentration decreased with the chlorine concentration injected. The relatively higher decay rate was attributed to the higher bulk reaction coefficient and wall reaction coefficient in the drip irrigation system with low chlorination concentration. Under a given injected chlorination concentration, the system with longer length of lateral produced higher variation of the residual chlorine concentration because of the relatively higher variation of water age. The average residual chlorine concentration of the drip irrigation system increased first and then decreased with increasing length of the lateral. A relatively lower decay rate of the average residual chlorine concentration and the residual chlorine concentration at the end of the lateral was observed for drip irrigation system with high injected chlorination concentration. For example, the ratio of average residual chlorine concentration to chlorination concentration injected decreased from 82% to 60% and from 91% to 82% when the lateral increased from 40 to 150 m for the system with 1.3 and 8.0 mg/L of chlorination concentration, respectively. Much higher deviation of the residual chlorine mass was observed than the water applied for all the chlorination modes. The deviations of the residual chlorine mass for the system with 10-m length of lateral were 22%, 24%, 36%, and 45% for the C1T4, C2T3, C3T2 and C4T1 modes, respectively. The C2T3 mode generally produced the lowest deviation and the highest Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU) of residual chlorine mass while the length of lateral ranged from 10 to 150 m. A relatively shorter duration of chlorination (smaller than 40 min) and too low injected chlorination concentration (1.3 mg/L) probably produced higher deviation of the residual chlorine mass and thus decreased the coefficient of uniformity of the residual chlorine mass. The injected chlorination concentration of 3 mg/L with chlorination duration of 80 min was recommended, while the maximum lateral length could extend to 66 m with the coefficient of uniformity of residual chlorine mass exceeding 90%.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Chlorine
Controlled terms:Chlorination - Decay (organic) - Irrigation - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorine concentration - Coefficient of uniformity - Drip irrigation systems - Emitter discharges - Hydraulic performance - Index of agreements - Measured residuals - Water quality parameters
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.10e+01% to 8.20e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.00e+01m to 1.50e+02m, Size 1.50e+02m, Size 4.00e+01m to 1.50e+02m, Size 6.60e+01m, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 4.80e+03s, Time 6.60e+01s to 1.64e+03s, Mass_Density 1.30e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20203008979130
Title:Experimental study on settling characteristics of suspended solids in seawater of nearshore in Zhoushan of China
Title of translation:舟山近海海域养殖水体悬浮物沉降特性试验研究
Authors:Gui, Fukun (1); Fang, Shuai (1); Qu, Xiaoyu (2); Zhang, Qingjing (3); Zhang, Xuefen (1); Feng, Dejun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China; (2) School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan; 316022, China; (3) Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Beijing Fisheries Research Institute, Beijing; 100068, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Dejun(fengdj@zjou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:206-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The industrial aquaculture has been widely applied all around the word for its obvious benefits of eco-friendly, water-saving and good welfare conditions due to the excellent use of technology to manage aquaculture environments effectively. Water quality management, mainly composed of sedimentation, filtration, biological purification, oxygenation, temperature regulation and sterilization, is of vital importance to the aquaculture. Generally, sedimentation can be applied to deal with the water before the influence into the aquaculture tank and that after the effluent from the aquaculture tank. Most of the previous studies focused on the settling characteristics of suspended solid in the waste water from the aquaculture tank. However, few attentions are paid to that in the source of water, resulting in limited knowledge on the determination of the appropriate time required for solid sedimentation. In this study, settling characteristics and size distribution of the SS (suspended solid) in the nearshore seawater of Changzhi island, Zhoushan have been investigated by carrying out four hydrostatic settling experiments. In addition, settling apparatus with different diameters have been developed to examine the effect of apparatus diameter on the settling characteristics. Stokes equation and Mclaughlin method have been applied to calculate the settling velocity in the fourth hydrostatic settling experiments. The results show that the accumulating particle size D<inf>90</inf> (the accumulating particle volume reaches to 90%) of suspended solids in the seawater of Changzhi island is around 45.800 μm, indicating that the suspended solids are mainly composed of silts. The mass concentration of suspended solids increases sharply with time in the first 22 min due to the quick settlement of large particles, and recoveries to the initial level after 40 min. And it continues to decreases due to the flocculating settling of small particles and reaches the level less than 40% of that in the initial samples 6-9 h later. During the final stage, it decreases slightly, stabilizing at the level of 50-60 mg/L after 12 h. Thus, the settling characteristics demonstrates that it is difficult to completely remove the suspended solids in seawater by increasing settling time and other water management strategy also should be employed. The comparisons of settling characteristics among three purpose-designed settling apparatus show that the effect of apparatus diameter can be ignored in this study. As for the settling velocity, it reaches the maximum value of near 0.01 cm/s in the early stage because of the similar reason that the large particles settle first as in the concentration analysis. In the later stage, the settling velocity decreases rapidly and becomes less than 0.001 cm/s after 6 h. Moreover, the settling velocity and concentration has been fitted in a Logistic model and the fitting equation has been obtained. The results can enrich the understanding of the settling characteristics in the source water for industrial aquaculture in Zhoushan island and provide scientific guidance on how to set up appropriate setting time for source water in settling tank.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Effluents
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Hydraulics - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Quality management - Seawater - Sedimentation - Settling tanks - Velocity - Water conservation - Water filtration - Water management - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Biological purification - Concentration analysis - Hydrostatic settling - Mass concentration - Settling characteristics - Settling velocity - Temperature regulations - Water management strategies
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 632.1 Hydraulics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3 to 6.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 4.58e-05m, Time 1.32e+03s, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 2.16e+04s to 3.24e+04s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 4.32e+04s, Velocity 1.00e-04m/s, Velocity 1.00e-05m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20203008979154
Title:Estimation of water and heat transfer parameters of saturated silica sand by using different types of data
Title of translation:采用不同监测数据组合反演饱和均质石英砂水热运移参数
Authors:Pan, Mengqi (1, 2); Huang, Quanzhong (1, 2); Feng, Rong (1, 2); Huang, Guanhua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Quanzhong(huangqzh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:75-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The hydraulic and thermal parameters of soil and aquifer are very important for quantitative description of soil water, groundwater migration and its accompanying heat and salt transport. In order to investigate the influence of different types of data on the hydraulic and thermal parameter estimation, three heat tracing experiments packed with saturated homogeneous silicon sand of three different particle size (coarse, medium and fine sands) were conducted under steady state. Twenty T-thermocouple probes were installed uniformly in the sandbox to record the temperature of the silicon sand. Two additional T-thermocouple probes were installed in the inflow and outflow chambers to record the water temperature. And then, the measured temperatures of silicon sand and water were applied for the inverses model of HYDRUS-2D software to estimate the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the thermal conductivity and the longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivity of three saturated silicon sands. In this study, three scenarios based on different types of data were designed to estimate these parameters, i.e. R1 (including the measured temperature at the observation point alone), R2 (including the measured temperature at the observation point and the cumulated outflow) and R3 (including the measured temperature at the observation point, the cumulated outflow and the heat loss). In the addition, three more scenarios under scenario R1 consisted of different numbers of parameters were set, i.e. S1 (the thermal dispersivities were known and the empirical parameters of thermal conductivity and the saturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated); S2 (the thermal conductivities were known and the thermal dispersivity and the saturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated); S3 (the empirical parameters of thermal conductivity, thermal dispersivities and saturated hydraulic conductivity were estimated). The results showed that the thermal conductivity, the longitudinal and transverse thermal dispersivities and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of silicon sand estimated at the same time could significantly improve the accuracy of parameter estimation, and the accuracy of the saturated hydraulic conductivity was improved when the thermal conductivity was reasonable under scenario R1. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was the parameter with the highest sensitivity in parameter estimation, followed by the thermal conductivity and the longitudinal thermal dispersivity. When the simulated temperatures were consistent with the measured temperatures at observation points, there was still 10%-15% estimated error of cumulated outflow. When considering heat loss, wall flow may be the main reason for the estimated error of cumulated outflow. The additional information of water flow and heat loss was helpful to reduce the estimated error of saturated hydraulic conductivity, and then the relative error of cumulated outflow was significantly decreased for coarse, medium and fine sands. The estimated value of saturated hydraulic conductivity increased with the increasing of particle size of silicon sands while the longitudinal thermal dispersivity showed the opposite trend. And the value of transverse thermal dispersivity was same for all the sands. The additional information of water flow and heat loss improved the estimation of thermal conductivity of medium sand as well. The estimated value of thermal conductivity decreased with increasing particle size of silicon sands. This study can help for parameter estimation of homogeneous porous media based on different type of data.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Aquifers - Errors - Flow of water - Groundwater resources - Heat losses - Heat transfer - Hydraulic conductivity - Parameter estimation - Particle size - Porous materials - Probes - Silica - Silica sand - Soil moisture - Thermocouples - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of parameters - Different particle sizes - Empirical parameters - Homogeneous porous media - Measured temperatures - Quantitative description - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Thermal parameter estimation
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20203008979146
Title:RFID batch-tag identification in quality traceability of agricultural products
Title of translation:农产品质量溯源RFID标签批量识别
Authors:Wang, Zuliang (1); Guo, Jianxin (1); Zhang, Ting (1); Li, Wenchen (1); Cao, Chuangle (1); Yu, Hongtao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi'an; 710123, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Ting(zhangting1@xijng.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:150-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The efficiency of the system could be greatly improved by using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) batch tag identification in the quality traceability of agricultural products. In this study, a tracing system of agricultural products based on RFID technology was designed. This system consisted of a tracking subsystem that was from the planting side to the consumption side and a tracking subsystem that was from the consumption side to the planting side. This system designed the information processing process of agricultural product planting, storage information processing, transportation information processing, distribution and distribution information processing, and terminal consumption information processing. This system also designed a three-level Internet of things architecture. Compared with the traditional agricultural product traceability system based on bar code, the one based on RFID technology was more flexible and accurate and had a better application prospect. In the agricultural product traceability system, especially in the courses of delivery and storage, batch identification of an entire truck of product tags needed to be conducted inbound and outbound. For frequently used forklift transport, entire tags attached to products in a forklift also needed to be identified simultaneously so that automatic rapid processing of transport, loading, and allocation of warehouse location could be accomplished. Batch tag identification was the most obvious advantage of RFID, but it would produce tag signal interference with each other and result in tag collision. Therefore, the anti-collision method was the key technology to the agricultural product traceability system. In this study, a model of agricultural product traceability system based on radio frequency identification technology was established, and the implementation of the storage link was presented. In the process of traceability, batch identification of an entire truck or forklift of the agricultural product greatly improved the management efficiency and shortened the circulation time of the product. However, the tag collision problem was inevitable due to the non-cooperation mechanism among tags. Therefore, the tag anti-collision method was a key technology of the agricultural product traceability system. A tag anti-collision method was excogitated and a frame slotted Aloha tag anti-collision method that adaptively and dynamically adjusted frame length was proposed aiming at traceability application environments of agricultural products. In this method, the initial tag population size was estimated when the number of successful slots, idle slots, and collision slots was acquired using statistical calculation only after the first frame identification so that the length of the following frame could be optimized and the optimal identification could be actualized, significantly improving the overall throughput performance. Based on the traceability system designed and the tag anti-collision method proposed, this study used Monte Carlo simulation to compare the throughput performance of the proposed method with the Vogt method and Q algorithm. The global throughput was an important index to measure the performance of RFID batch identification, and it was defined as the ratio of the time occupied by the transmission information to the total time consumed by the whole identification cycle. Taking the tracking and traceability of tea as an example, the throughput performance and delay performance of the anti-collision method for batch identification tags were simulated. Besides, the effect of initial frame length on throughput performance was simulated. The simulation results of RFID batch tag identification in agricultural product quality traceability showed that the global throughput was between 20% and 32%. It also showed that the proposed anti-collision algorithm applied to the designed agricultural product traceability system significantly improved the identification efficiency, and the overall throughput performance was improved by more than 30% compared with the Q algorithm.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Bar codes - Collision avoidance - Efficiency - Materials handling equipment - Monte Carlo methods - Population statistics - Radio waves - Systems analysis - Tea - Trucks
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-collision algorithms - Application environment - Internet of things architectures - Management efficiency - Quality traceabilitys - Radio frequency identification technology - Statistical calculations - Throughput performance
Classification code:663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01% to 3.20e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20203008979160
Title:Experimental study on double air outlet multi-ducts cleaning device of wheat combine harvester
Title of translation:小麦联合收获机双出风口多风道清选作业试验
Authors:Jin, Chengqian (1, 2); Li, Qinglun (2); Ni, Youliang (1); Wang, Ting'en (2); Yin, Xiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:26-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aimed at the problem of high cleaning loss rate, impurity rate and secondary impurity rate due to improper adjustment of main operating parameters of wheat combine harvester double-outlet multi-dults cleaning device, single factor and multi-factor optimization tests that took feed amount, wind door opening, fan speed, upper and lower wind deflector angles as main test factors were conducted. The influences of each test factor on the cleaning loss rate, impurity rate, and secondary impurity rate were studied to find the optimal parameter combination. Firstly, referring to the relevant parameters of Kubota 988 model, which has a large amount of wheat harvester in the market, a test-bed with double air outlet multi-ducts for combine harvesters was built. When there were four ducts, the wheat cleaning loss rate 0.78% and impurity rate 0.48% were the lowest compared to the two or three ducts. Moreover, through single factor test of double air outlet four ducts cleaning device, the optimal range of feed amount was determined from 4.5 to 5.8 kg/s, wind door opening was 0°-20°, fan speed was 1 200-1 600 r/min, upper and lower wind deflector angles were 0°-20°. The results of single factor test showed that the cleaning loss rate increased with the increase of the feed amount and fan speed, and decreased with the increase of the upper and lower wind deflector angles; the impurity rate decreased with the increase of fan speed, and increased with the increase of the feed amount and upper and lower wind deflector angles; the secondary impurity rate increased with the increase of feed amount, and decreased with the increase of the wind door opening, fan speed and upper and lower wind deflector angles. The multi factor bench test and the orthogonal test with five factors and three levels were carried out by using the Box Behnken center combination test design theory. The regression equations about the cleaning loss rate, impurity rate and secondary impurity rate were obtained. The results showed that the factors of fan speed, feed amount, upper wind deflector angle had significant impact on the cleaning loss rate, the factors of fan speed, upper and lower wind deflector angles have impact on the impurity rate, and the factors of upper wind deflector angle, the fan speed and the feeding amount have significant influence on the secondary impurity rate. Through optimization of the target parameters, the optimal parameters combination were the feeding amount 4.5 kg/s, the wind door opening 10.2°, the fan speed 1 548 r/min, the upper and lower wind deflector angles 20° and 0°, at this time, the cleaning loss rate, impurity rate and secondary impurity rate were 0.79%, 0.40% and 0.82% respectively. Furthermore, the bench test under the optimal parameter combination condition was carried out to verify the accuracy of the optimal results. The results of bench test showed that the cleaning loss rate, impurity rate and secondary impurity rate were 0.75%, 0.38% and 0.76% respectively, and the error between test results and optimization results were 5.1%, 5.0% and 7.3% respectively. The results of this study can provide the references for the adjustment operating parameters and technical support for improving the performance of the multi-ducts cleaning device of the combine harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Air cleaners - Cleaning - Ducts - Harvesters - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Cleaning devices - Combine harvesters - Operating parameters - Optimal parameter - Optimal parameter combinations - Regression equation - Technical support - Wheat combine harvesters
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 4.50e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 4.50e+00kg/s to 5.80e+00kg/s, Percentage 3.80e-01%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 4.80e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Percentage 7.50e-01%, Percentage 7.60e-01%, Percentage 7.80e-01%, Percentage 7.90e-01%, Percentage 8.20e-01%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+03RPM to 1.60e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.55e+03RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20203008979144
Title:Analysis and experiment of the operation process of branch-shaking type camellia oleifera fruit picking device
Title of translation:摇枝式油茶果采摘装置作业过程分析与试验
Authors:Wu, Delin (1); Li, Chao (1); Cao, Chengmao (1); Fan, Erbo (1); Wang, Qi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:56-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A dynamic model and Lagrange equation of forced vibration of camellia oleifera were established for the fruit picking machine with a shaking branch mode according to the theory of forced vibration separation. The equation of inertia force for camellia oleifera fruit was also obtained by solving the governing equation. In dynamic analysis of the equation, main factors affecting the vibration of camellia oleifera can be obtained, including the vibration amplitude, frequency, action time and clamping position of the excitation force. A high speed camera was used to record the vibration shedding process of camellia oleifera fruit. The results showed that the average shedding time of fruit decreases with the increase of vibration frequency under the same amplitude. At the same frequency, the average time of fruit shedding decreased with the increase of amplitude. The picking efficiency was better when the frequency was about 6-10 Hz and the amplitude was about 20-40 mm. The average shedding time of fruit was about 4-12 s. An integrated electromechanical and hydraulic picking device of camellia oleifera fruit was designed with the frequency between 0 and 10 Hz, and the amplitude adjustable from 20 to 40 mm. A three-level orthogonal experiment for fruit picking was designed based on four factors: dynamic amplitude, frequency, action time and vibration position. According to the fact that most camellia oleifera fruits are concentrated at a distance of about 260 mm from the tree top, the height of 0-260 mm was selected as a factor level of clamping position, with an increase of 100 mm, and 260-360 and 360-460 mm were set as the other two test levels. According to the falling time of camellia oleifera fruits under different amplitudes and frequencies, the vibration frequency was selected as 6, 8 and 10 Hz, and the vibration amplitude was selected as 20, 30 and 40 mm. Since the average shedding time of camellia oleifera was between 4-12 s, the vibration time 4, 8 and 12 s were selected. The mature period of camellia oleifera fruit is generally in late October and early November. From October 30 to November 2, 2018, during the mature and suitable period of camellia oleifera fruit, 9 camellia oleifera trees of Xianglin No. 56 in the camellia oleifera forest of Qidong County, Hunan Province were selected, and 3 canopy branches with the same physical state and similar fruits amount and flower buds were selected as the picking objects, to mark and count the total fruits and flower buds on the branches. At the end of the experiment, the remaining number of camellia oleifera fruits and damaged buds were counted and recorded. The results showed that the holding lamping position of the end-effector had the greatest influence on the picking effect, while the vibration time has the least influence. The optimal picking parameters was that the clamping position was 0-260 mm from the treetop, the vibration frequency was 10 Hz, the amplitude was 20 mm, the vibration time was 8 s, under this condition, the leakage rate of fruits was the lowest (10.87%), the bud damage rate was 31.80%. Since the damage rate of flower bud was relatively large, the machine should be further improved.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Electromechanical devices - Equations of motion - Forestry - Fruits - High speed cameras
Uncontrolled terms:Camellia oleifera fruits - Clamping positions - Governing equations - Lagrange equation - Orthogonal experiment - Picking efficiency - Vibration amplitude - Vibration frequency
Classification code:742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 6.00e+00Hz to 1.00e+01Hz, Frequency 8.00e+00Hz, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 3.18e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.60e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 2.60e-01m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 3.60e-01m to 4.60e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Time 1.20e+01s, Time 4.00e+00s to 1.20e+01s, Time 8.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20203008979155
Title:Effects of second-drying process parameters on the hot-air drying characteristics and quality of congou black tea
Title of translation:足火工艺参数对工夫红茶热风干燥特性和品质的影响
Authors:Wang, Jinjin (1); Yuan, Haibo (1); Hua, Jinjie (1); Jiang, Yongwen (1); Dong, Chunwang (1); Deng, Yuliang (1); Yang, Yanqin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, Hangzhou; 310008, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Haibo(192168092@tricaas.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:287-296
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drying is an essential procedure in the processing of fresh tea leaves, in order to enhance the flavors of a tea and ensure its long shelf-life, for making herbal tea. This paper aims to study the effect of temperature and duration on the characteristics and quality of congou black tea during hot-air second drying. An experiment was performed on four second-drying temperatures of 130, 110, 90 and 70℃, to determine the contents of biochemical components (water content, catechins, tea pigment, tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, soluble sugar), and thereby to evaluate sensory quality when the tea was dried to 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. The drying characteristics of congou black tea were analyzed under different second-drying temperatures, to obtain the influence of second-drying conditions on the biochemical components and sensory quality of congou black tea. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to explore the key differential components of second-drying temperature. The results showed that the higher the second-drying temperature, the lower the moisture content of tea, and the higher the drying rate would be, as well the shorter the drying time would be until the moisture content was less than 5%. In terms of drying rate, the drying process at 130℃ could be divided into two stages of acceleration and deceleration, while the drying process at 110, 90 and 70℃ could be divided into three stages of acceleration, deceleration and constant velocity, where the rapid acceleration and deceleration process were completed within 20min in all second-drying temperature conditions. The effective diffusion coefficient of moisture varied from 1.729×10<sup>-8</sup> to 3.648×10<sup>-8</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, while the average activation energy was 15.40 kJ/mol. The Page model can well describe the change of moisture with the drying time in the drying process of tea, where the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) ranged from 0.924-0.995, the root-mean-square (RMSE) ranged from 0.008~0.023, the sum of squares (χ<sup>2</sup>) ranged from 1.043×10<sup>-4</sup>-7.866×10<sup>-4</sup>. With the increase of second-drying temperature, the content of some biochemical components would significantly enhance, including (-)-Epogallocatechin, (+)-Catechin, (-)-Gallocatechin, total simple catechins, (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate, (-)-Gallocatechin Gallate, total ester catechins, total catechins, tea polyphenols, caffeine, whereas, the content of theaflavins, amino acids, soluble sugar would be reduced, where all changed dramatically before drying 20 min. Compared with that of 130 and 110℃, the case of the second-drying temperature at 90 and 70℃ can better improve the quality of congou black tea. The optimal liquor color effect, aroma effect and taste effect can be achieved in the case of 90℃ drying 20-30 min, 70℃ drying 40-50 min, 70℃ drying 20 min, respectively. The condition of 90℃ drying 40 min was the optimum drying parameter of black tea. PLS-DA results showed that four kinds of second-drying temperature conditions could be effectively distinguished, and the caffeine, soluble sugar, amino acid, catechin C and theaflavins were the distinctive characteristic components of congou black tea under different second-drying conditions, which can be served as the control indexes for the drying process of black tea. This finding can provide a theoretical basis to optimize the processing parameters of high-quality black tea.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Amino acids - Caffeine - Discriminant analysis - Flavonoids - Least squares approximations - Moisture - Moisture determination - Phenols - Quality control - Tea - Vitamins
Uncontrolled terms:Acceleration and deceleration - Biochemical components - Coefficient of determination - Differential component - Drying characteristics - Effective diffusion coefficients - Epigallocatechin gallate - Partial least squares discriminant analyses (PLSDA)
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Time 1.20e+03s, Time 1.20e+03s to 1.80e+03s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 2.40e+03s to 3.00e+03s, Time 3.00e+03s, Time 3.60e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20203008979142
Title:GPS relative positioning strategies for the fishery Internet of Things
Title of translation:面向渔业物联网的GPS相对定位策略
Authors:Cao, Shouqi (1); Yu, Song (1); Zhang, Zheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zheng(z-zhang@shou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:158-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modern fishery farming is developing in the direction of refinement, and the application of the Internet of Things in fisheries is becoming more and more widely used. For the deployed terminal nodes, in addition to the need to obtain environmental awareness information, it is also necessary to obtain the location information of the node, so that the collected data have application value. Moreover, the higher the positioning accuracy of the node, the better the evaluation of the environmental state and the task execution, especially for the node with a buoy as the carrier. At present, the positioning accuracy of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology widely used is about 10 m, the use of RTK differential technology obtain high positioning accuracy, but the equipment price is too high, so it is not very suitable for fishery application. In this study, a low-cost GPS relative positioning method based on the Long Range (LoRa) network was proposed. First, the relative positioning strategy data model was established through error analysis, and then the relative positioning method based on the LoRa network and improved the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) transmission strategies were designed to achieve high-precision positioning and energy-efficient data transmission. The premise of the relative positioning of this study was that time synchronization could be achieved, GPS receiver provided accurate timing service, so before nodes started to locate, all nodes in the network were synchronized through GPS module, and every fixed cycle of synchronization operations, to ensure that all nodes had the same time benchmark. Gateways and terminals caused similar system errors due to atmospheric delay, convection, and ionosphere effects, and improved relative position accuracy through relative positioning calculation. The transmission of data based on the LoRa network was fully taken into account that LoRa was suitable for long-distance transmission, which was sufficient for applications in large fisheries environments. Secondly, the low power consumption of LoRa also reduced the cost of fishery production. When the terminal carried out information collection, LoRa went into a dormant state after the completion of work, which effectively reduced the power consumption. In this study, the latitude and longitude information of the gateway and terminal was set up to consist of an observation sequence consisting of satellite signal strength greater than 30 dB in the observed satellite, and each positioning required that the gateway and the terminal had more than 6 same satellites. Considering a large number of nodes in the Internet of Things system, to prevent information collision affected the positioning accuracy, the introduced TDMA technology assigned each terminal its time slot. Each terminal starts its work according to its task and then uploaded data. The transmission strategy of this study was different from the previous strategy, which stipulated that each cycle should firstly collect or locate the data according to the task broadcast in the previous cycle, then broadcasted the task of the next cycle, and finally the terminal response. This shortened the cycle and increased the reliability of information transmission. Finally, the hardware node was designed and the deployment test was carried out in the offshore fishery. The test calculation took the gateway as the origin, the positive east direction was the x-axis, the north direction is the Y-axis to establish a coordinate system, Vincenty method using the ellipsoid model to ensure the accuracy of the calculation. The experimental data showed the validity and reliability of the proposed method in this study. With a low-cost GPS commercial module, the average positioning accuracy of the terminal nodes 1 000 and 499 m from the gateway increased from 10 m to 4.8 and 2.4 m, respectively, and the data delivery rate increased from 80% to more than 95%.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Global positioning system
Controlled terms:Costs - Data communication systems - Data transfer - Electric power utilization - Energy efficiency - Error analysis - Fisheries - Gateways (computer networks) - Internet of things - Ionosphere - Offshore oil well production - Satellites - Synchronization - Time division multiple access
Uncontrolled terms:Differential technology - Environmental awareness - High precision positioning - Long distance transmission - Reliability of information - Synchronization operation - Time division multiple accesses (TDMA) - Transmission strategies
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 655.2 Satellites - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Decibel 3.00e+01dB, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 2.40e+00m, Size 4.80e+00m, Size 4.99e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20203008979150
Title:Extraction of phenotypic parameters and discrimination of beet root types based on 3D point cloud
Title of translation:基于三维点云的甜菜根表型参数提取与根型判别
Authors:Chai, Honghong (1); Shao, Ke (2); Yu, Chao (2); Shao, Jinwang (2); Wang, Ruili (2); Sui, Yang (2); Bai, Kai (3); Liu, Yunling (1); Ma, Yuntao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) North China Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Characteristic Plants, Inner Mongolia Institute of Biotechnology, Huhhot; 010070, China; (3) Hulunbuir Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of the Inner Mongolia, Hulunbuir; 021008, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yuntao(yuntao.ma@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:181-188
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sugar beet is one of the main crops for sugar production in the world, and originated from the western and southern coasts of Europe. Selecting and breeding of varieties of sugar beet based on plant phenotyping are the key factors for the development of sugar beet industry on a large-scale cultivation. In China, sugar beet was widely planted in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly for poverty alleviation of farmers living in border areas and ethnic minority areas. The type of beet root with great different genotypes directly determines the sugar yield and mechanization efficiency in modern agriculture. The traditional classification of beet root type depends mainly on manual separation, and thereby greatly limits industry production and breeding of the sugar beet due to heavy workload and relatively large errors. In order to meet the requirements of high-throughput analysis, a three-dimensional (3D) phenotyping technique with multi-view images was recently developed to facilitate the classification of fruit and vegetable with high accuracy and efficiency. In this study, the beet roots with 207 genotypes were selected as experimental materials. Multi-view images were obtained by moving mobile phone around beet root. Three-dimensional point clouds were reconstructed in 3DF Zephyr Aerial software, which can restore position and direction from a dataset of multi-views images to extract for the matching feature points between each pair of images. After the postprocessing of the matching images, including noise reduction, rotating and segment, the detailed features of beet root shape, color, and texture can be achieved in the 3D point cloud. Ten phenotypic parameters can be used to clarify the morphological characteristics of beet roots, the maximum diameter, root length, convex hull volume, top projection area, compactness, convex index, convex angle, distal root end ratio, proximal root end ratio and root taper index. There was a good agreement between the measured maximum diameter and root length, with coefficient of determination R<sup>2</sup> > 0.95. The K-medoids clustering algorithm with high stability was selected to classify the beet root into four groups. Group 1, namely as cone beet root, indicates that the maximum root diameter located at the middle of the root body. Group 2, namely as hammer beet root, shows the shortest body of root, the smallest root head ration while larger root tail ration. Group 3, namely as wedge beet root, has the maximum diameter of root body close to the root head, whereas, the width of root from head to tail gradually decreased. Group 4, namely as long wedge beet root, has longer root body than that in group 3, wider root head and smaller root tail. The reduction rate of root body from head to tail was the greatest. Based on the combination of phenotypic traits and experts' knowledge, Group 1 (cone beet root) and Group 3 (wedge beet root) were recommended due to their high sugar yield, medium root length and moderate proportion. After adjusting the categories by the experts as the true values, five prediction models were established to discriminate beet root type, including linear discrimination, random forest, support vector machine, decision tree, and naive Bayes. The results showed that the prediction accuracies of the five models were above 70.0%, where accuracy of random forest reached 81.4%. These results demonstrated that 3D point cloud reconstructed by multi-view image sequences can be used for the identification of beet root shape, and thereby to effectively improve the yield prediction of sugar beet and the selection of high-quality beet varieties. Since 207 genotypes have been selected for the classification of root types during this time, much more genotypes at different environments can be expected to enrich the 3D phenotyping library, and thereby further improve the accuracy of classification. This finding can provide a potential practical basis for the beet root type screening and breeding.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Sugar industry
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Clustering algorithms - Color matching - Cultivation - Decision trees - Efficiency - Forecasting - Image enhancement - Image reconstruction - Image segmentation - Machinery - Noise abatement - Predictive analytics - Random forests - Sugar beets - Support vector machines - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of classifications - Arid and semi-arid regions - Coefficient of determination - Experimental materials - High-throughput analysis - Large scale cultivations - Morphological characteristic - Three-dimensional point clouds
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 751.4 Acoustic Noise - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822 Food Technology - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 913.1 Production Engineering - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.14e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20203008979166
Title:Microclimate variations of different underlying surfaces in Northeastern Ulan Buh Desert in Inner Mongolia of China
Title of translation:乌兰布和沙漠东北部不同下垫面的小气候变化特征
Authors:Luo, Fengmin (1); Gao, Junliang (1); Xin, Zhiming (1); Hao, Yuguang (1); Duan, Ruibing (1); Li, Xinle (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou; 015200, China
Corresponding author:Hao, Yuguang(hyuguang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:124-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Microclimate characteristics of different underlying surfaces can pose a practical challenge to utilize climate resources for the normal growth of crops in desert areas. In this study, the microclimate differences were systematically analyzed in the three typical underlying surfaces. The data, including the air temperature, relative humidity (RH), wind speed and wind direction in desert area, desert-oasis ecotone and oasis in the northeastern of Ulan Buh Desert, were collected in synchronous observation from the "National Observation Station of Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem" during January to December, 2018. The results showed that there were significantly different effects of the properties of underlying surface on microclimate characteristics. 1) The annual temperatures in desert area, desert-oasis ecotone and oasis were 9.66, 9.38 and 9.14℃, respectively. There were few differences in daytime between the three underlying surfaces, but great differences in night. There was obviously inversion phenomenon within 50 m above the ground, where the vegetation has the function of cooling and humidification in the high temperature season, whereas, it has a heat preservation effect in winter. The temperatures of the desert-oasis ecotone and the oasis increased by 0.05 and 0.18℃, compared with that of the desert area in the winter, while those decreased by 0.38-1.50℃ and 0.22-2.58℃, respectively, in spring, summer and autumn. 2) The annual and diurnal variations of relative humidity remained consistent in desert area, desert-oasis ecotone and oasis. The annual average relative humidity in the oasis increased by 1.31 to 2.57 percentage points, compared with that in the desert-oasis ecotone and desert area. In terms of seasons, the relative humidity in the oasis was 4.04-6.17, 0.93-1.94 percentage points higher than that in the desert area and the desert-oasis ecotone in summer and autumn. The relative humidity inside the oasis was 0.37-1.41percentage points, 6.55-8.71 percentage points lower than that in the desert area and the desert-oasis ecotone. The reason can be that the humidity inversion phenomenon occurred within 50 m above the ground. 3) The annual variations of wind direction were similar in the desert area and desert-oasis ecotone, where the main directions were the westerly winds (SW, WSW, W, WNW). The wind direction was changeable in the desert area and desert-oasis ecotone, whereas that relatively concentrated in the oasis. The average annual wind speed was reduced by 32.99%-37.05% in the oasis, compared with that in the desert-oasis ecotone and the desert area, indicating that the vegetation can effectively decrease the wind speed. Comprehensive analysis showed that the vegetation and oasis shelter forest systems in the transition zone of the northeastern of Ulan Buh Desert posed a good regulation effect on microclimates, such as cooling, humidifying, and reducing wind. The local microclimate in the study area demonstrated that the wind speed and humidity in summer and autumn, while, the temperature and humidity of spring and winter were mainly affected by inverse temperature and humidity. This finding can provide a theoretical basis to explore the microclimate ecological characteristics in arid areas, as well ecological protection and reasonable construction of oasis in desert areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Cooling systems - Ecology - Vegetation - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive analysis - Ecological characteristics - Ecological protection - Humidity inversions - Inverse temperatures - Inversion phenomena - Synchronous observations - Temperature and humidities
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.30e+01% to 3.70e+01%, Size 5.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20203008979148
Title:Characteristics of sequencing batch dry anaerobic fermentation with microaerobic preheating
Title of translation:基于微好氧同步预升温的序批式厌氧干发酵特性
Authors:Yu, Jiadong (2); Liu, Xinxin (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (3); Feng, Jing (2); Chen, Jiankun (2); Guo, Zhanbin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Institute of Environmental and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Zhanbin(329984136@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:213-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a big agricultural country, which produces a lot of agricultural waste every year. With the improvement of China's agricultural productivity, agricultural wastes such as straw and livestock manure are relatively concentrated, which creates appropriate conditions for the application of sequencing batch dry anaerobic digestion (SBD-AD) technology to produce methane. Sequential batch anaerobic dry fermentation is an important technology for large-scale processing of agricultural and rural wastes to produce clean energy. It has such outstanding problems as low decomposition rate of materials, high operating energy consumption, and uneven mass and heat transfer, which limit the increase in methane yield.In this study, by adjusting the dissolved oxygen concentration in the initial reactor of the fermentation, a microaerobic simultaneous pre-heating and efficient sequential batch anaerobic dry fermentation system was established to further study the self-heating, decomposition, intermediate product properties and key microbial communities. The mechanism of promoting material heating and methane production.The results show that the micro-aerobic speeds up the heating rate of the materials in the reactor, which is 27.12% higher than the un-aerated temperature; the temperature of methanogenesis can be maintained above 42.48℃ without relying on external heating. A small amount of aeration in the initial stage of fermentation significantly improved the conversion efficiency of intermediate products in the anaerobic fermentation process (P<0.05). The lignocellulose degradation rate was increased by 57.88% -85.53% compared with the non-aerated group; the sCOD concentration was increased by 74.67% compared with the non-aerated group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the non-aeration group is increased by 31.95% compared with the micro-aeration group, and micro-aeration increases the conversion efficiency of ammonia nitrogen; in particular, the accumulation of propionic acid decreased by 82.63%. The concentration was consumed by 285 mg/L on the 33rd day, and the system pH value was always maintained at 6.8-7.5. After 7 days of micro-aeration, the cumulative biogas production gap gradually increased, and the methane output of the micro-aeration group increased rapidly. On the 5th to 15th days, it was a rapid period of methane production. Overall, the cumulative methane content in the aeration group was 1.5 tines of the non-aeration group after 60 days of fermentation, the cumulative biogas and methane production increased by 56.76% and 41.79%, respectively. Bacteria Bacteroidales, Clostridiales and archaea Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium are conducive to promoting microaerobic simultaneous pre-heating and methane production efficiency, and have a significant correlation with degradation rate and organic acid concentration. This study provides a theoretical basis for exploring the efficient engineering control process of the sequential batch anaerobic dry fermentation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Ammonia - Biodegradation - Biogas - Conversion efficiency - Degradation - Dissolved oxygen - Energy utilization - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Heating - Methane - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Productivity - Propionic acid - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productivity - Anaerobic fermentation process - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Dry anaerobic digestions - Lignocellulose degradation - Mass and heat transfers - Operating energy consumption - Organic acid concentration
Classification code:461.8 Biotechnology - 461.9 Biology - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.5 Energy Conversion Issues - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-01yr, Age 1.92e-02yr, Mass_Density 2.85e-01kg/m3, Percentage 2.71e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 5.68e+01%, Percentage 5.79e+01% to 8.55e+01%, Percentage 7.47e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20203008979161
Title:Optimization and experiment of working parameters of automatic seedling picking device for tomato seedlings transplanting
Title of translation:番茄钵苗移栽机自动取苗装置作业参数优化与试验
Authors:Ma, Xiaoxiao (1, 2); Li, Hua (1, 2); Cao, Weibin (1, 2); Yu, Siyao (1, 2); Li, Shufeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hua(shzdxlh@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:46-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Xinjiang is the main producing area for processing tomatoes in China because of its unique light and heat resources. The tomato industry occupies a very important position in Xinjiang's agricultural production and tomato planting mostly adopts seedling transplanting technology. In recent years, with the continuous expansion of planting scale, the demand for transplanting machinery increases sharply every spring. At present, most of the transplanting machines used are semi-automatic transplanters, and the seedling picking and throwing operations should be completed manually. The development of seedling transplanting technology is restricted by the low degree of automation, high labor intensity, low efficiency and high operation cost seriously. Therefore, the development of full-automatic transplanter has become eager and necessary to realize crop efficient large-scale transplanting in Xinjiang. The core of the research and development for the full-automatic transplanter is the automatic seedling picking technology. According to the full-automatic transplanter's requirements of the automatic seedling picking and throwing operation, the automatic seedling picking device of tomato was designed in this study, and a performance test-bed for automatic seedling picking was built. The planet wheel train-link mechanism and the irregular sideways were used to control the movement process of the seedling clamper, and realize the required trajectory for automatic seedling picking. In addition, the cam lever mechanism is used to control the opening and closing of seedling needle to realize the action of seedling picking and throwing. In order to ensure the ideal working quality and success rate of the automatic seedling picking device, it is important to obtain the ideal working parameters and structural parameters of the automatic seedling picking device. With the help of the test-bed of the automatic seedling picking device, the main working parameters are optimized through experiments to improve the working quality. The single factor experiment was conducted with the length and opening size of seedling needle and the frequency of seedling picking as variables according to theoretical analysis and experimental research, combined with the requirements of transplanting on film in Xinjiang. The test results showed that each factor has influence on the injury rate, missing rate and success rate of seedling. Furthermore, quadratic rotation orthogonal combination experiments with three-factor three-level were conducted with the injury rate, the missing rate and the success rate of seedling picking as the evaluation indexes. The mathematical regression model between response indexes and influence factors was established by data optimization software Design-Expert 8.6.0. Response surface analysis was used to analyze the experimental results, and multi-objective optimization analysis was used to optimize each parameter. The regression model optimization results were the length of seedling needle 198 mm, the opening size of seedling needle 19 mm, and the frequency of seedling picking 57 plants/min. Under these parameters combination, the injury rate of seedling was 3.44%, the missing rate of seedling was 1.72%, and the success rate of seedling picking was 94.38%. In the field experiment, the injury rate of the seedling was 3.65%, the missing rate of seedling was 2.08%, the success rate of seedling picking was 94.27%, and the error between the experimental value of the success rate of seedling picking and the optimization result was 0.44%, which indicated that the automatic seedling picking device for tomato seedlings could meet the requirements of picking and the anti-interference ability of the device was strong. The study can supply certain references for the design of key components of the automatic transplanting machine and the improvement of working performance parameters.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Automatic train control
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Equipment testing - Fruits - Multiobjective optimization - Needles - Regression analysis - Software design - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Experimental research - Research and development - Response surface analysis - Seedling transplanting - Single-factor experiments - Structural parameter - Transplanting machine
Classification code:433.4 Railway Traffic Control - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.72e+00%, Percentage 2.08e+00%, Percentage 3.44e+00%, Percentage 3.65e+00%, Percentage 4.40e-01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Size 1.90e-02m, Size 1.98e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20203008979140
Title:Optimization of field cleaning parameters of soybean combine harvester
Title of translation:大豆联合收获机田间清选作业参数优化
Authors:Liu, Peng (1); Jin, Chengqian (1, 2); Liu, Zheng (2); Zhang, Guangyue (2); Cai, Zeyu (2); Kang, Yan (1); Yin, Xiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Chengqian(412114402@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:35-45
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, there are few studies on the influence of the cleaning parameters of soybean harvester on the cleaning indexes in China. In order to change the current situation of soybean combine harvester, due to the lack of theoretical guidance for the parameter adjustment of the corresponding cleaning device, the cleaning parameter adjustment is not timely and accurate, resulting in high loss rate and high impurity content of soybean harvester. In this study, the multi parameter adjustable and measurable cleaning system was used to optimize the cleaning parameters of soybean harvester in field test. The influence rules of the five cleaning parameters on the two cleaning indexes were analyzed, and the best cleaning parameter combination was found. The field verification test of the best cleaning parameter combination of soybean harvester was completed. Based on the analysis of the structure of cleaning system and the principle of cleaning operation of soybean harvester, the importance of the operating parameters and operating speed of cleaning device to the cleaning indexes of soybean combine harvester was obtained. The operation speed, opening of chaffer screen, damper opening, fan speed and crank speed of shale shaker were used to optimize the five cleaning parameters in field experiments. Cleaning loss rate and impurity rate were used to optimize the two cleaning indexes of field experiments. Through the analysis of the influence of cleaning device on the indexes of soybean combine harvester, the cleaning loss rate and impurity rate were determined as cleaning indexes, and in the field experiment, the cleaning loss of samples were collected in the form of binding cleaning loss receiving bag at the back of cleaning room to optimize the parameters of cleaning loss in the field experiment. Response surface test design and data analysis are completed by using design expert software. The contribution rate and response effect of each parameter on the two cleaning indexes were analyzed by the contribution rate method and response surface diagram. The results showed that the order of influence of cleaning parameters on cleaning loss rate was crank speed of shale shaker, fan speed, operation speed, damper opening, opening of chaffer screen. The order of influence of cleaning parameters on the impurity rate was opening of chaffer screen, damper opening, fan speed, operation speed, crank speed of shale shaker; The results showed that when the cleaning loss rate was small and the impurity rate was small and the feeding amount was large, the optimal cleaning parameters were operation speed was 6 km/h, opening of chaffer screen was 32 mm, damper opening was 17°, fan speed was 1 310 r/min and crank speed of shale shaker was 410 r/min. At this time, the cleaning loss rate was 0.25%, the impurity rate was 0.61%, and the relative error with the optimized value of the model was 0.250% and 0.113%, respectively. Compared with the cleaning indexes of the field experiment of soybean combine harvester under the common cleaning parameters, the cleaning loss rate was reduced by 0.05%, and the impurity rate was reduced by 2.09%. The results provide a theoretical basis for the setting and adjustment of cleaning parameters and the research and development of self-adaptive cleaning system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Adaptive systems - Cleaning - Harvesters - Shale - Software testing - Speed - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Cleaning operations - Cleaning parameters - Combine harvesters - Field verifications - Operating parameters - Parameter adjustments - Research and development - Soybean harvester
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.13e-01%, Percentage 2.09e+00%, Percentage 2.50e-01%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 6.10e-01%, Rotational_Speed 1.31e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.10e+02RPM, Size 3.20e-02m, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20203008979136
Title:Effects of spraying amounts and application methods of polyacrylamide (PAM) on aeolian sandy soil wind erosion
Title of translation:PAM喷施量与施用方式对风沙土风蚀的影响
Authors:Bai, Gangshuan (1, 2); Luo, Dong (3); Miao, Qingfeng (4); Zhou, Nan (2); Du, Sheni (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Yi'an Construction Engineering Co. LTD, Xi'an; 710021, China; (4) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot; 010020, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sandstorm and desertification have posed a worldwide threat to fix quicksand and reduce soil wind erosion for people's living environment. PAM (polyacrylamide), a kind of linear polymer, has been widely used in metallurgy, building materials, paper, mineral processing, oil production, sewage treatment and other industries due to its strong hydration and viscosity, and thereby it is also expected to resist the wind erosion. There is no any toxic effect on soil when spraying PAM solution on the soil surface. The main reason is that the sprayed PAM solution can form hard crust on the soil surface, and then the crust can effectively protect soil from wind erosion. However, the crust condition and wind erosion resistance of PAM are closely related to the PAM application methods, spraying amount and structure of soil. Moreover, high concentration of PAM solution can be a high viscosity, difficult to dissolve or spray, and lead to inconvenient spray on the surface of sand dune or soil. Taking the aeolian sandy soil as test material, this study aims to explore the optimal spraying amount and application method of PAM to prevent wind and fix sand, while reduce water consumption, by tailoring the properties of air-dried soil (aeolian sandy soil) and saturated soil. Specifically, the effects PAM of spraying amounts on surface crust, moisture and soil wind erosion of air-dried soil were investigated to determine the optimal spraying amount of PAM, and then, an optimal amount of PAM was used in the following ways: dry PAM sprinkled, dry PAM sprinkled+spraying water, and spraying PAM solution, to explore a facile method for the application of PAM. The results showed that the soil shear strength, the coverage and thickness of soil crust after PAM treatment increased with the increase of PAM spraying amounts, all of which were significantly higher than that of air-dried soil and saturated soil. The soil moisture after PAM treatment was significantly higher than that of air-dried soil and saturated soil over time. When spraying PAM of 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/m<sup>2</sup>, the wind erosion were 26.83%, 14.10%, 13.01% and 13.00% of air-dried soil, whereas, 28.78%, 15.12%, 14.02% and 13.94% of saturated soil, respectively. When the spraying amount of PAM reached 2 g/m<sup>2</sup>, PAM can effectively reduce the wind erosion of aeolian sandy soil. After 2 g/m<sup>2</sup> dry PAM sprinkled+spraying water and spraying, the coverage and thickness of soil crust, and soil shear strength were higher than that of air-dried soil, saturated soil and dry PAM sprinkled. In dry PAM sprinkled treatment, the coverage of soil crust was lower than that of saturated soil, but higher than that of air-dried soil, whereas, the thickness of soil crust and soil shear strength were higher than that of air-dried soil and saturated soil. In dry PAM sprinkled+spraying and spraying PAM solution, the soil moisture was higher than that of air-dried soil, saturated soil and dry PAM sprinkled. In dry PAM sprinkled, the soil moisture was basically the same as that of air-dried soil. The soil wind erosion after dry PAM sprinkled, dry PAM sprinkled+spraying water and spraying PAM solution were 53.13%, 11.17% and 6.35%, of air-dried soil, respectively, and 76.34%, 16.05% and 9.12%, of saturated soil, respectively. In the dry PAM sprinkled+spraying water, the resistance of wind erosion was close to that in the spraying PAM solution on the surface of aeolian sandy soil. In order to save water and manpower when preparing and spraying the PAM solution, two measurements were proposed. One is that 2 g/m<sup>2</sup> PAM powder can be dry sprinkled on the surface of sand dunes and soil before rain in the wind-sand areas according to weather forecast. Another is, after dry PAM powder sprinkling, the sprayed water on the surface of sand dunes and soil can effectively fix the quicksand and reduce the amount of soil wind erosion.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Shear strength
Controlled terms:Erosion - Landforms - Mineral industry - Petroleum industry - Sand - Sewage treatment - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Solution mining - Storms - Viscosity - Weather forecasting
Uncontrolled terms:Aeolian sandy soils - Application method - Living environment - Mineral processing - Polyacrylamide(PAM) - Soil shear strength - Soil wind erosion - Structure of soils
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.41e+01%, Percentage 1.51e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 2.88e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+01%, Percentage 6.35e+00%, Percentage 7.63e+01%, Percentage 9.12e+00%, Surface_Density 2.00e-03kg/m2, Surface_Density 4.00e-03kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20203008979138
Title:Calculation of county-level cultivated land productivity based on NPP index corrected by topography
Title of translation:基于地形改进NPP指数的县域耕地产能测算
Authors:Zhang, Jinting (1); Dong, Yanchao (1); Ye, Zongda (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430000, China; (2) Natural Resources Ecological Rehabilitation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning; 530000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:227-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to estimate the productivity of arable land in a quick, accurate and cost-saving way, for the quality/productivity evaluation of arable land, and the implementation of the "trinity" policy, i.e., requisition-compensation balance of cultivated land. An attempt was made to calculate the productivity of cultivated land by using the net primary productivity (NPP) index, in order to increase the accuracy of the evaluation system, while saving time and cost. Taking the county level as the research scale, and Binyang County as the research area, the obvious terrain difference can indicate the variation of solar radiation subjected to topographic factors, and fill the research lack of NPP database at the county level. A CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model was used to calculate the remote sensing and meteorological data when extracting NPP index. The influence of topographic factors (terrain) on solar radiation was also considered in a modified CASA model. A geographic weighted regression approach was selected to compare the obtained NPP data with the utilization index of cultivated land, in order to verify the application of NPP data for the production of cultivated land. A comparison analysis of local correlation coefficient was made to determine the region with a large difference between the terrain and solar radiation, further to find the main advantages of the modified CASA model. The results showed that in the productivity distribution of cultivated land, the high NPP index was generally in the direction of southeast-northwest axis in the central region, and on the southern plain, whereas the low NPP index was on both sides of northeast and southwest in the research area. There was little change in the topographically modified NPP index, but the concentration of distribution increased, while the productivity has been extended to dry land and paddy fields. The geographic weighted regression between the indexes of cultivated land use and NPP showed that there was a strong correlation in the same geographical location, and the correlation coefficient of dry land can reach 0.87, while paddy field was 0.80, indicating that NPP index can well connect with the original cultivated land use index. It infers that the spatial autocorrelation of NPP index can be strong and sensitive to the factors affecting the productivity of cultivated land, such as soil conditions, terrain characteristics, crop differences, and transportation. The calculation of NPP index can be directly applied to the evaluation for the productivity of cultivated land, with the high efficiency and accuracy in the system. The proposed method can be more quickly and accurately applied to the dynamic estimation of cultivated land, the delimitation of basic farmland, the evaluation of land improvement benefits, and the transformation of medium and low yield farmland.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Cost benefit analysis - Ecosystems - Farms - Landforms - Meteorology - Quality control - Remote sensing - Solar radiation - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Geographical locations - Net primary productivity - Productivity distribution - Requisition-compensation balances - Spatial autocorrelations - Terrain characteristics - Utilization indices
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20203008979201
Title:Segmentation of impurity rice grain images based on U-Net model
Title of translation:基于U-Net模型的含杂水稻籽粒图像分割
Authors:Chen, Jin (1); Han, Mengna (1); Lian, Yi (1); Zhang, Shuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impurity rate is one of the important harvesting performance indexes of the rice combine harvester. The impurity of the harvested grain during the harvest includes the branches and straws of the crop. In order to study the correlation between the impurity rate of the grain and the operation parameters of the combine harvester, it is necessary to obtain the data of impurity rate in real-time. This paper studies the segmentation algorithm of hybrid rice grain image based on U-net model of machine vision technology. Aiming at the problems existing in traditional segmentation algorithm, such as large amount of computation, time-consuming processing, serious over segmentation of images, and the determination of segmentation parameters depends on human experience, the deep learning model is used to train and learn image features of each segmentation category of pixel level for many times. Based on the U-net depth learning model, a method of predicting and segmenting grains, branched and straws in hybrid rice grain images is proposed. The improved U-net network is used to increase the depth of the network and add the batch normalization layer. The information of more abundant data is obtained in a small data set, and the problem of lack of training data and over fitting of training is solved. In this paper, 50 rice images collected from the field experiments are selected, Labelme method is used to annotate and enhance data. 1 000 small samples of 256 × 256 pixels are cut, in which 700 images are used as training data set, 300 images are used as verification data set, and a hybrid rice grain image segmentation model of combine harvester based on improved U-net network is established. The accuracy of the model is measured by the comprehensive evaluation index, and 60 images with 8-bit RGB selected randomly are verified. The experimental results show that the comprehensive evaluation index value of rice grains segmentation is 99.42%, the comprehensive evaluation index value of branch and stem segmentation is 88.56%, and the comprehensive evaluation index value of straws segmentation is 86.84%. The proposed algorithm based on U-net model can effectively segment the grains, branches and straws in the hybrid rice grain images, and has the higher real-time and accuracy of the segmentation. The research results can provide technical support for the further recognition and processing of rice grain image, and provide algorithm reference for the design of rice combine harvester impurity rate monitoring system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Combines - Deep learning - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting - Image enhancement - Learning systems - Pixels
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Comprehensive evaluation index - Machine vision technologies - Operation parameters - Performance indices - Segmentation algorithms - Training data sets - Verification data
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.68e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20203008979159
Title:Design and experiment of cam-rocker sowing rate adjusting mechanism for rapeseed precision direct seeding machine
Title of translation:油菜精量直播机凸轮摇杆式播量调节机构设计与试验
Authors:Shu, Caixia (1, 2); Fu, Yunkai (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Xi, Rijing (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze Rive, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:17-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the agronomic requirements of rapeseed planting, the amount of rapeseed sowing varies in different regions and different sowing dates. Aiming at such production practice, a cam-rocker sowing rate adjusting mechanism for rapeseed precision direct seeding machine with a speed ratio of 0-0.45 was designed. The Newton-Simpson algorithm was used to draw the mechanism diagram at each moment and the basic motion principle of the adjusting mechanism was analyzed. Based on the principle of graphic method, a kinematics mathematical model of the mechanism was established with closed-loop vector equations, and the equations of speed and acceleration were determined to solve the transcendental equations. Combining with the swing law of the active crank of the linkage mechanism and the variation coefficient of travel speed of the cam, the sine varying putter motion law of push rod and cam profile curves were determined. The cam profile curve of the cam-rocker mechanism and the follower motion law were analyzed, the results showed that the cam profile curve was spindle shape, follower displacement curve was a spiral curve, the follower speed curve was a curve with one peak and three column points, and the angular velocity changing curve of the follower was a combination of two different sine curves with different amplitudes and frequencies. During the entire moving process of the follower, the speed and acceleration of follower were continuous, which avoided rigid impact. The cam had a rapid return characteristic and meet the design requirements. The tests of transmission accuracy of sowing rate adjusting mechanism and influence on seeding performance were carried out on JPZS-12 seed-meter test platform. The test results showed that when the rotation speed of input shaft of sowing rate adjusting mechanism ranged from 20 to 100 r/min, comparing with the ratio ranged from 0.1 to 0.2, the relative errors of the output rotation speed of the sowing rate adjusting mechanism was small at the speed ratio ranged from 0.2 to 0.45, the average error was less than 3.8%. Comparing with the sowing rate of adjusting mechanism uninstalled, the relative change of the qualified index of the sowing rate adjusting mechanism was installed at different rotation speeds and forward speeds was less than 0.5 percentage points, the change trend of qualified index was similar, the cam-rocker sowing rate adjusting mechanism meet the different sowing rate requirements of rapeseed. Precision broad width no-tillage planter for rapeseed was selected to conduct filed experiments using sowing rate adjusting mechanism, the sowing rate was set to 5 500 and 6 720 g/hm<sup>2</sup>. In field experiments, 8 rows of the rapeseed in different areas were selected to measure the plants in 1 m, each rows chose 5 measure points, respectively. The field experiment results showed that the average numbers of plants within 1 m were 16 and 20, respectively, which meet the preset sowing rate. The coefficient of variation were 6.48% and 8.19%, respectively, which meet the rapeseed variable sowing quality requirements of precision broad width no-tillage planter for rapeseed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cams
Controlled terms:Graphic methods - Oilseeds - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Adjusting mechanism - Coefficient of variation - No-tillage planter - Production practice - Quality requirements - Seeding performance - Transcendental equations - Variation coefficient
Classification code:601.3 Mechanisms - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.80e+00%, Percentage 6.48e+00%, Percentage 8.19e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM to 1.00e+02RPM, Size 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20203008979129
Title:Design and experiment of automatic double-ring infiltrometer
Title of translation:自动双环入渗仪设计与试验
Authors:Sun, Quan (1, 2); Zhang, Jianfeng (3); Zhang, Jie (1); Zeng, Hui (1); Hu, Kelin (1); Liu, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Nanning, Nanning; 530000, China; (3) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Gang(liug@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:318-324
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Double-ring infiltrometer is widely used to combine with the Mariotte reservoir for measuring soil hydraulic conductivity. However, there are various kinds of measurement error and shortcomings using the traditional double-ring infiltrometer, particularly on unstable water supply, high labor intense when reading and recording of data. In this study, a new automatic double-ring infiltrometer was designed to improve the measurement precision, while reduce various sorts of errors. A fixed water level method was develop a low-cost and efficient automatic double-ring infiltrometer according to the measuring theory of hydraulic conductivity. The new-developed double-ring infiltrometer was mainly composed of inner (diameter of 17.6 cm) and outer rings(diameter of 30 cm), non-contact liquid induction capacitor level sensor (accuracy <1.5 mm), cylindrical water container, laser range sensor module (accuracy <1 mm), solenoid valve and other components. A non-contact capacitor induction liquid level sensor was selected for monitoring the water level, in order to keep the water level constant inside the both inner and outer ring. A cylindrical water reservoir was served as water source for the container of infiltrometer, and a sensor module with laser range was installed on the top cover of the reservoir. A laptop was connected the laser range sensor module to automatically monitor the volume of water supplied continuously. The combination of the high-precision liquid level control system with the non-contact inductive capacitive liquid level sensor and solenoid valves can be used to maintain a fixed water level in the water reservoir. Therefore, it is possible to increase the pressure difference of liquid level between the water reservoir and the double-ring, and thereby to make the initial rate of water supply in the double-ring infiltrometer much higher than that in the Mariotte reservoir. The new infiltrometer can match the initial rate of water supply, thereby to improve the measuring accuracy of hydraulic conductivity. The accuracy and reliability of the automatic double-ring infiltrometer were verified from July 2019 to October 2019, in the Lüyuan experiment field of China Agricultural University. The experiment was also performed on comparison between the new infiltrometer and the traditional infiltrometer with fixed water level method (double-ring combined with the Mariotte reservoir, collecting data manually). The field experiment results demonstrated that the stable hydraulic conductivity measured by the Mariotte reservoir was 0.068 5 cm/min, and the stable hydraulic conductivity measured by our new automatic double-ring infiltrometer was 0.068 7 cm/min. The data measured by new designed double-ring infiltrometer agreed with the theoretical infiltration model of Philip, where the corresponding R<sup>2</sup> was greater than 0.99. In addition, the new double-ring infiltrometer can continuously and automatically measure the infiltration process, which significantly reduced error caused by traditional double-ring infiltrometer. The new infiltration measurement system can be expected to extend for automatic data sampling with high precision, and low cost, efficient, and easy to use in the field.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Reservoirs (water)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Capacitive sensors - Containers - Costs - Electric appliances - Errors - Hydraulic conductivity - Inductive sensors - Infiltration - Liquids - Solenoid valves - Solenoids - Water levels - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Infiltration measurement - Infiltration modeling - Infiltration process - Liquid level control - Liquid level sensors - Measurement precision - Pressure differences - Soil hydraulic conductivity
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 632.1 Hydraulics - 704.1 Electric Components - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 732 Control Devices - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.76e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20203008979135
Title:Moderate land scale of grain production family farms in China
Title of translation:中国粮食生产类家庭农场的适度经营规模研究
Authors:Xin, Liangjie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Liangjie(xinlj@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:297-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, ultra-small-scale agricultural production remains low agricultural income which cannot afford adequate livelihood and as well meet their basic needs of rural households. Smallholder production systems have seriously hindered the sustainable development of China's agriculture. Family farms with a moderate land scale is a way to develop China's agriculture. Moderate land scale of China's agriculture is affected by multiple factors like average social income level, grain production income, etc. So moderate land scale is a dynamic value. This paper aimed to assess moderate land scales of grain family farms at the municipal level in China based on the method of income equalization. The research findings are as follows. The moderate land scale of grain family farms was 13-14 hm<sup>2</sup> in 2016-2017, equivalent to the local household contracted area of 30 times. According to the policy formulated by China's central government in 2014, the moderate scale of one family farm should be 10-15 times of average household contracted area. That is, the current standard of moderate scale is low. Mainland China can be divided into 9 districts and 38 sub districts according to the different types of land scale management. The moderate scale of the Northeast Region and the Inner Mongolia Plateau Region are 15-17 hm<sup>2</sup>, the North China Plain Region is about 10 hm<sup>2</sup>, the Lower Yangtze River Region and the Southeast Coastal Region are 7-9 hm<sup>2</sup>, the Southwest Mountainous Region is 6 hm<sup>2</sup>, the Loess Plateau Region is 18 hm<sup>2</sup>, and the Northwest Arid Region is 25 hm<sup>2</sup>. The scale of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region is the highest, 30 hm<sup>2</sup>. The ratio of the moderate scale to the average cultivated land area per household in the Inner Mongolia Plateau Region is 8, and the ratio in the North China Plain Region and the Lower Yangtze River Region is about 35. It is difficult for China to achieve scale management on the whole, and the difficulty gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. The boundary line extends from Beijing to Nujiang Lisu Nationality Autonomous region, Yunnan. The moderate scales of grain family farms in the southeast region of the line are mostly 6-10 hm<sup>2</sup>, and it is difficult to achieve. In contrast, the moderate scales in the northwest region of the line are mostly above 15 hm<sup>2</sup>, and it is easy to achieve. China's scale management reform is at the initial stage. The promotion speed of scale management should not be fast to avoid social unrest. It is recommended to raise the standard of moderate management scale to the range of 15-20 times, and the standard can be adjusted according to the actual situation in different regions. The government should also promote institutional innovation to reduce high land transfer transaction costs. System reform can be carried out in three aspects. Firstly, the government should promote farmers who do not rely on agriculture to actively release land resources; Secondly, the local governments should actively play a coordinating role to promote land centralization and scale management; Finally, a unified and perfect land circulation market should be established.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Farms - Grain (agricultural product)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Central government - Lower yangtze rivers - Mountainous regions - North China Plain - Northwest regions - Production system - Qinghai Tibet plateau
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20203008979165
Title:Model for predicting the moisture content of kiwifruit slices during hot air drying based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance
Title of translation:基于低场核磁共振的热风干燥猕猴桃切片含水率预测模型
Authors:Li, Liang (1); Cheng, Xiufeng (1); Yang, Shangxiong (1); Luo, Zhang (1); Liu, Zhendong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi; 860000, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Zhang(luozhang1759@xza.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:252-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An experiment has been designed to investigate the drying features of kiwi slices with the thickness of 3, 4, 5 mm, during hot-air drying at different drying temperatures (70, 80 and 90℃), in order to understand the internal migration of moisture in the drying kiwi slices for the food production. A low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) method was used to characterize the internal distribution of moisture and its change rules in the drying kiwi slice during hot-air drying. The moisture in kiwi slices was also determined according to the national standard GB5009.3-2016 "Determination of moisture in foods". A dynamic model was then established based on the obtained moisture-time data that verified and predicted in this experiment. The results indicated that the hot-air drying process of kiwi slices started with external control step, and then changed to internal diffusion control. The effective diffusion coefficient of moisture ranged from 1.58×10<sup>-7</sup> to 4.18×10<sup>-7</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, and the diffusion efficiency increased with the increase of temperature. The rise of temperature can significantly increase the drying rate of kiwi slices, and thereby accelerate the migration of combined water, immobilized water, and free water. Specifically, the free water and combined water changed before the immobilized water, and the content of free water gradually decreased in the early stage of drying. In this process, the contents of immobilized water and combined water both presented a trend of first increase, and then decrease. Upon the removal of the free water, the immobilized water and combined water successively reached the maximum. Thereafter, as the drying continued, the immobilized water was gradually removed, while the content of combined water started to decline until the end. The part of free water in kiwi slices was first converted into the immobilized and the combined water, which could be converted into each other, thereby to form a cycle reciprocates with the entire drying process. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was established to quantitatively detect the moisture content in kiwi slices during the drying process. In this model, the correlation coefficient of prediction (R<inf>p</inf>) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) reached 0.981 and 0.51% respectively. In the NMR data, taking the slice thickness and drying temperature as the independent variables, and the moisture content of the kiwi slice as the dependent variable, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to establish a dynamic model of moisture content, where, the goodness of fit of the model was 0.982. The results demonstrated that the low-field NMR combined with mathematical model can be used to clarify the hot-air drying process of kiwi slices, in order to achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of moisture content during the drying process. The finding can provide a sound theoretical basis for the hot-air drying process to effectively improve the production design of kiwi slices.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Nuclear magnetic resonance
Controlled terms:Birds - Diffusion - Drying - Dynamic models - Forecasting - Fruits - Linear regression - Mean square error - Moisture - Moisture determination - Solar dryers
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Effective diffusion coefficients - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - Multiple linear regression analysis - Multiple linear regression models - Nondestructive detection - Root-mean-square error of predictions
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.10e-01%, Percentage 9.81e-01%, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20203008979139
Title:Effects of the subunit-deficiency of α and α' on emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate
Title of translation:α和α'亚基缺失对大豆分离蛋白乳化特性的影响
Authors:Sun, He (1, 3); Yu, Hansong (1, 3); Fan, Hongliang (1, 3); Fu, Hongling (1, 3); Shan, Dandan (1, 3); Lyu, Bo (4); Song, Bo (2); Liu, Shanshan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science & Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Division of Soybean Processing, Soybean Research & Development Center, Chinese Agricultural Research System, Changchun; 130118, China; (4) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Hansong(yuhansong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:261-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soybean protein is one of the major plant-derived protein resources due to its high yield and a wide range of processing applications. It is necessary to effectively improve processing properties of soybean protein, and thereby significantly enhance its nutritional value and economic potency. Most previous research mainly focused on the effects of external physical or chemical conditions and other complex system on the processing parameters of soybean protein. Few studies developed to explore the effect of various subunits compositions on the processing properties of soybean protein, particularly lacking on the deficiency of small subunit. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of α and α' subunits in β-conglycinin on emulsifying properties of soybean protein. In the experiment, some raw materials include Dongnong 47 and three different protein subunit-deficiency (α subunit-deficiency, α' subunit-deficiency and α', α subunit-deficiency) soybeans, to extract the soy protein isolates (SPI), by using the method of alkali solution acid precipitation for the preparation of emulsion. The subunit composition was then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfonate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Some parameters, including emulsifying activity index (EAI), ζ-potential, particle size, microstructure, turbiscan stability index (TSI), and interface adsorbed protein, were selected to evaluate the effect of α and α' subunits in β-conglycinin (7S) on emulsifying properties of soy protein isolate. The results showed that the soy protein isolate emulsion of α' subunit-deficiency has the highest emulsifying activity index (87.59 m<sup>2</sup>/g), the maximum ζ-potential absolute (47.7 mV), the minimum particle size (2.223 μm), the smallest molecules and most evenly distributed through the analysis of microstructure, the smallest turbiscan stability index (TSI), and the maximum content of interface adsorbed protein (31.40%), compared with other two SPI. The emulsion stability of soy protein isolate ranked in order: α' subunit-deficiency, Dongnong 47, α subunit-deficiency, α and α' subunit-deficiency. Safe and risk-free high-emulsifying products become an urgent demand because nutritious and healthy food has received increasing attention with the gradual improvement of people's living standard and the country's attention to the big health industry in recent years. Soy protein isolate, as a sort of amphiphilic structure, is commonly used in industrial production due to its high nutritional value and many functional characteristics. Therefore, emulsions can be served as cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications, as well in several food products, such as ice cream and mayonnaise with its different types. Since emulsions are an unstable system forming by water, oil, and emulsifiers, the instability of emulsion layer may reduce the shelf life of emulsion products. It was found that the addition of SPI with emulsifying properties can stabilize the emulsion in this study. The studies demonstrated that the α' subunit-deficiency SPI obtained through breeding with Chinese genetic background can pose a great positive impact on the emulsifying properties of soybean protein, and thereby to effectively improve the quality characteristics of soybean protein isolate series products. This finding can also provide a theoretical and technical support for the development and application of high-emulsifying soybean protein series products. This study can offer a promising potential for intensive processing and cost-saving downstream processing, and thereby to meet the industry demands of "specific products, special varieties" in the national soybean industrial technology R&D system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Emulsification
Controlled terms:Electrophoresis - Food products - Health risks - Oils and fats - Ostwald ripening - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Polyethylenes - Precipitation (meteorology) - Proteins - Sodium compounds - Stability - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Development and applications - Emulsifying activity indices - Functional characteristics - Pharmaceutical applications - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - Processing applications - Sodium dodecyl sulfonate - Soybean protein isolates
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 461.7 Health Care - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.14e+01%, Size 2.22e-06m, Specific_Surface_Area 8.76e+04m2/kg, Voltage 4.77e-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20203008979151
Title:Quantitative model for technology and equipment demanded for mechanization production of traditional Chinese medicine
Title of translation:中药材生产机械化的技术装备需求量化模型构建
Authors:Zhao, Zusongying (1); Zheng, Zhian (1); Huang, Luqi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Research Center for Agricultural Mechanization Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing; 100700, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhian(zhengza@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:307-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Modern mechanical equipment is very important to agricultural production. The introduction of modern machinery and equipment into the production process of traditional Chinese medicine is an effective way to solve the contradiction between the expansion of production scale of traditional Chinese medicine industry and the reduction of labor force. The mechanization development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production is in the initial stage. The main goal at this stage is to realize the "from scratch" of the relevant technical equipments. However, due to the varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, complex production process, regional differences and other factors, it is difficult to judge the demand for mechanized production of traditional Chinese medicine and lack of methods. How to evaluate and analyze the the differences in the demand for mechanized development is of great significance to the research of technical equipment, the implementation of supply side reform and the promotion of the production and development of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production, combined with the analysis of degree of mechanized operation, status of technology and equipment and levels of user demand, this paper constructs the evaluation index system for the development of technical and equipment of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The degree of mechanized operation indicates the ratio of mechanized operation area to the total planting area. The status of technology and equipment is alculated by weighting the five indexes of advance ment, economy, applicability, reliability and security. The levels of user demand is divided according to the proportion of users with demand, users with demand but no machinery available and the proportion of users with demand in different production process. Then an evaluation model combined with entropy weight method and hierarchical cluster analysis method is formed, and after classifying by the hierarchical cluster analysis method, the model is expressed functionally based on the Fisher discriminant method. In empirical research, the demonstration base of national comprehensive experimental station of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is selected as the research object, eight production processes of sowing, transplanting, fertilization, intertillage, plant protection, harvesting, cleaning and drying are selected for evaluation Through the investigation in 23 provinces of China, the production processes of traditional Chinese medicinal materials production are categorized into three types. The harvest, intertillage, and transplanting belonged to the type A, which have the highest demand level. The seeding is classified as type B, and the drying, cleaning, plants protection and fertilization are type C. The phenomenons of "no machinery available" and "unsuitable to use" are obvious for type A, and there is an urgent demand for the development of technology and equipment, the evaluation results are consistent with the investigation results. According to the further calculation results based on discriminant Function I, the central values of type A, type B and type C are -2.868, 1.904 and 1.675 respectively, which shows that the evaluation model of development demands classification can be accurately expressed by quantitative mathematical functions. The machinery of the type A production processes represented by harvest should be developed in priority in traditional Chinese medicinal materials production. The research and development of special machinery for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials should take the road of combining independent innovation research with the introduction of other main grain production machinery.The model proposed in this paper reflects the reasons and details at the same time of forming classification, which can provide reference for the development demand evaluation of other crops or regional agricultural machinery technology and equipment with backward mechanization development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Medical applications
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Function evaluation - Functions - Harvesting - Hierarchical clustering - Hierarchical systems - Mechanization - Medicine - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Discriminant functions - Evaluation index system - Independent innovation - Mathematical functions - Research and development - Technology and equipments - Traditional Chinese Medicine
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 601 Mechanical Design - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20203008979147
Title:Development of the sowing rate monitoring system for precision rice hill-drop drilling machine
Title of translation:水稻精量穴直播机播量监测系统研制
Authors:Wang, Zaiman (1); Pei, Juan (1); He, Jie (1); Zhang, Minghua (1); Yang, Wenwu (1); Luo, Xiwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:9-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precision seeding technology is one of the important technologies to realize cost saving and efficiency increasing in large-scale production. Precision direct seeding of rice has gradually become the main research direction of rice light and simplified planting. The real-time sowing monitoring system has an important contribution to improve the sowing quality of direct seeding machine, and can provide important support for the research and development of sowing rate real-time adjustment, real-time reseeding and the seeding evaluation quality system of rice precision direct seeding machine. At present, the methods of seeding monitoring are photoelectric-based, image-based and capacitance-based. However, image processing technology requires special equipment with high cost, and cameras are easy to be interfered by external light. For the capacitance-based method, when multiple small seeds fall simultaneously, the monitoring performance is not accurate enough. In order to monitor the sowing rate of precision rice hill-drop drilling machine in real time, in this paper, the surface-type photoelectric sensor installed in the seeding tube is used as the main monitoring element to design the monitoring system of precision rice hill-drop drilling machine. According to the structure and working principle of seed metering device, the installation modes of photoelectric sensor and rotary encoder are determined. In this system, the seeds flow in the seeding tube is taken as the research object. When the rice seeds pass through the photoelectric sensor monitoring area, it will cause the change of infrared beam intensity, which will lead to the change of photoresist voltage. The pulse signal from the photoelectric sensor is used as the time sequence to capture the interruption source, and then the monitored time sequence of rice seeds flow is obtained. The time division node is obtained by the synchronous monitoring of the seed metering time series and the rotation speed of the seed metering device. Based on the two adjacent time dividing nodes, the detecting time window of the seeds number per hill is obtained, each time window corresponds to one hill. The pulse width time of the rice seeds output in the monitoring time window is analyzed to get the seeds number per hill. Compared and analyzed the manual statistical data with the monitoring system statistical data, the test results show that the rotation speed of the seed metering device has a great influence on the monitoring accuracy of the average seeds number per hill, the variation coefficient of the monitored value of the average seeds number per hill grows up with the increase of the rotation speed of the seed metering device. When the rotation speed of seed metering device is 25-65 r/min, the relative error of seeds number per hill is less than 7.99% for Nanjing 46 (short grain variety), the monitoring errors of the number of hills is less than 6.07%; the relative errors of seeds number per hill is less than 24.07% for Xiangyaxiangzhan (long grain variety), the monitoring errors of the number of hills is less than 5.66%. The test results show that sowing rate monitoring system is applicable to different varieties of seed and has good detection accuracy, which can provide reference for improving the operation quality of precision rice direct seeder.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Capacitance - Drilling equipment - Drilling machines (machine tools) - Drops - Errors - Grain (agricultural product) - Image processing - Infill drilling - Photoelectricity - Photoresists - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Rotation - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Image processing technology - Large scale productions - Monitoring performance - Photoelectric sensors - Research and development - Seed metering devices - Synchronous monitoring - Variation coefficient
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 5.66e+00%, Percentage 7.99e+00%, Rotational_Speed 2.50e+01RPM to 6.50e+01RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20203008979152
Title:Preparation of low-fat mayonnaises based on electrostatic aggregation of alginate sodium and egg yolk
Title of translation:基于海藻酸钠与鸡蛋黄静电聚集作用的低脂蛋黄酱制备
Authors:Guo, Chuo (1); Guo, Yurong (1); Li, Anqi (1); Li, Xiaofei (1); Li, Peiyuan (1); Yang, Xi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an; 710119, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Yurong(Yrguo730@snnu.educ.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:269-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Unbalanced consumption of fat-rich foods tends to increase high risk of chronic diseases and death. A promising way is to create reduced-fat and fat-free products to solve the problems. However, the reduction of fat content normally can cause some changes, such as undesired texture, in food production. This study aims to investigate the aggregation behavior of alginate (Alg) sodium and egg yolk proteins under acidic pH conditions, and further to design a sort of low-fat mayonnaise products based on the aggregation mechanism. All low-fat mayonnaise products showed 30% oil phase fraction, and some significant properties of high viscoelasticity and thixotropy. A high fat mayonnaise with 75% oil phase fraction was used as a control. The results show that when the pH value was lower than 5.0, Alg carried negative charges but the dispersion of egg yolk carried positive charges, indicating that an obvious electrostatic aggregation occurred between Alg and egg yolk proteins. The structural strength of the mixture system of Alg and egg yolk significantly increased in this case. The Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) results showed that Alg and egg yolk has formed aggregates at the pH value lower than 5.0. However, there was no any aggregates to be observed when the pH value was higher than 5.0. It was also found that addition amounts of white vinegar (0-10 mL, at a fixed total volume of 100 mL mayonnaise product) can determine the structuralized process in the low-fat mayonnaise products. The reason can be explained by the fact that the vinegar addition can decrease the pH value in the mayonnaise system, and thereby lead to the electrostatic attraction between Alg and egg yolk proteins. When the amount of white vinegar was higher than 2% (v/v), the pH value of the mayonnaise decreased to below 5.0, indicating that white vinegar can induce the electrostatic aggregation effect of the mayonnaise, thereby to increase the structural strength of products. With the increase in the addition amount of white vinegar, the aggregation effect was much more significant, and the structural degree was much higher than before in the low-fat mayonnaise products. In addition, the structural mechanism of the mayonnaise products can be that, the egg yolk-stabilized emulsion was dispersed into the mayonnaise systems, where the aggregates of egg yolk proteins and Alg acted as the continuous phase to confer the mayonnaise with significant viscoelasticity and thixotropy. Further investigations showed that the thermal stability of the low-fat mayonnaise products was affected by the addition amount of white vinegar. Good freeze-thaw stability can be achieved in all mayonnaise products, whereas the excessive addition of white vinegar can reduce the thermal stability of the low-fat mayonnaise products. The over addition of white vinegar can also decrease the flavor and sensory acceptability of the mayonnaise products. The rheological properties of the prepared low-fat mayonnaise product were close to those of the control group, and the sensory acceptability reached the highest, when the addition amount of white vinegar was 4% (pH value 4.6). Compared with the high fat mayonnaise (control), the low-fat mayonnaise demonstrated the similar texture but contained less fat. This finding can provide a novel and facile approach to develop the promising reduced-fat food products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Petroleum industry
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Aggregates - Electrostatics - Emulsification - Food products - Oils and fats - pH - Product design - Proteins - Sodium - Strength of materials - Textures - Thermodynamic stability - Viscoelasticity
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregation mechanism - Confocal laser scanning microscope - Electrostatic aggregation - Electrostatic attractions - Freeze-thaw stability - Rheological property - Sensory acceptabilities - Structural mechanisms
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Volume 0.00e+00m3 to 1.00e-05m3, Volume 1.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20203008979162
Title:Analysis and evaluation model for the taste quality of green tea made from various cultivars or strains
Title of translation:不同茶树品种(系)的绿茶滋味分析及评价模型构建
Authors:Ma, Linlong (1); Liu, Yanli (1); Cao, Dan (1); Liu, Panpan (1); Wang, Shengpeng (1); Huang, Yongming (1); Jin, Xiaofang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xiaofang(jxf1130@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:277-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Taste, the combination of various taste-producing components in tea, is one of the most significant elements for tea quality evaluation. Green tea, a non-fermented tea, is the most produced and consumed tea in China. The enzymes in the fresh leaves for making green tea are basically passivated after high-temperature killing, and the original quality components are maximum retained in the fresh leaves. Different tea cultivars have various taste for the different types, contents, and composition ratios of biochemical components in fresh leaves. In recent years, in order to meet the development needs of the Chinese tea industry and changes in the industrial structure, numerous high-quality tea cultivars can be cultivated to produce green tea. However, the diversification of tea cultivars has brought great difficulties to identify or evaluate taste quality of green tea. A sensory evaluation method for tea taste quality can be susceptible to subjective factors of tea evaluation personnel, and external environmental factors, indicating lacking some objectivity of its evaluation to a certain extent. In this study, a systematic comparative investigation was conducted to evaluate the content of the main taste components and Dot value (concentration of taste components in tea soup/taste components threshold) of green tea made from 25 tea cultivars or strains, and a principal component analysis method was used to establish prediction models for different tea cultivars or strains, and taste quality of green tea. The results demonstrated that caffeine and catechins were the dominate elements for the difference in the intensity of bitterness and astringency. While Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeine were the main contributor to bitterness, EGCG was also a main astringency contributor. Amino acid was the prominent factor for the difference in umami and sweetness of green tea from different tea cultivars or strains, where glutamic acid was the predominant contributor to umami. Principal component analysis showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of 5 principal components were 79.018%. The top four principal components can be considered as Astringent and bitterness, refreshing factor, bitterness factor and umami factor. The taste comprehensive evaluation model was constructed based on the linear regression equation and contribution rate of the previous five principal components, to evaluate the characteristics of green tea. The predictive model evaluation results were similar to that of the sensory evaluation, indicating an extremely significant correlation (P<0.01) and the correlation coefficient index was 0.791. The scores in the prediction model can be utilized to fully distinguish the taste characteristics, such as bitterness, astringent, refreshing, and umami of the tested samples. Therefore, the prediction model can be used to accurately distinguish and evaluate the difference in taste quality and bitterness, astringent, refreshing, umami and other taste characteristics of the tested samples. The finding can provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of various tea cultivars or strains, and new ideas and facile methods for the scientific evaluation of the taste quality of green tea from different tea cultivars or strains.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Caffeine - Cultivation - Forecasting - Green manufacturing - Predictive analytics - Sensory analysis - Tea
Uncontrolled terms:After high temperature - Analysis and evaluation - Comprehensive evaluation model - Correlation coefficient - Epigallocatechin gallate - Linear regression equation - Principal component analysis method - Scientific evaluations
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20203008979153
Title:Effects of different sand ratios on infiltration and water-salt movement of heavy saline-alkali soil in Hetao irrigation area
Title of translation:河套灌区不同掺沙量对重度盐碱土壤水盐运移的影响
Authors:Zhou, Liying (1); Li, Ruiping (1); Miao, Qingfeng (1); Dou, Xu (1); Tian, Feng (1); Yu, Dandan (1); Sun, Chenyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ruiping(nmglrp@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:116-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sand mixing measures can change the mechanical composition and texture of soil, thereby improving the efficiency of fertilizer utilization. The surface sand mixing in irrigation area can effectively solve the problem of soils with high silt content. This study explored the water-salt transport mechanisms of heavy saline-alkali soils with different contents of sand. Laboratory soil column experiments were carried out to compare the effects of different sand ratio on infiltration characteristics and water-salt transport under continuous distilled water irrigation. The soil samples were taken from 0-40 cm abandoned heavy saline-alkali farmland in Bayannur City of Inner Mongolia, China. It was located in Hetao irrigation area. In the laboratory experiments, a total of 16 treatments were set up: CK (without sand), S1(2%), S2(4%), S3(6%)…S15(30%). The results showed that: 1) With the increase of sand ratio at the surface layer of soil, the cumulative infiltration and the rate of wetting front were increased at the same time. Compared with the treatment of CK, the steady infiltration rate of soil increased by 1.1, 1.3, 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, 2.7, 3.1, 3.6, 4.1, 4.5, 5.1, 5.7, 6.2 and 6.8 times, respectively. It indicated that the steady infiltration rate of soil increased significantly with the increase of sand mixing ratio. When the sand mixing ratio was 18%-24%, the stable infiltration rate was 0.065-0.091 mm/min; when the sand mixing ratio was 26%-30%, the stable infiltration rate was more than 0.1 mm/min, and the water holding capacity of soil was low. 2) The mean soil moisture among treatments was significant different (P<0.05) at 7, 11 and 15 days, the rate of water infiltration could be increased by increasing the proportion of soil sand, and a large proportion of sand would reduce the water holding capacity of soil. 3) When the sand-mixing ratio were less than 24%, the total salt content of the soil at day 7 was significantly different among treatments (P<0.05). The total salinity content at day 3 was 21.95-73.38 g/kg in 30 cm soil layer, showing a decreasing trend. 4) the Kostiakov model could well fit the infiltration process of soil water in this study. The empirical coefficient in Kostiakov infiltration model showed a significant increase trend. Its change range was between 4.011 and 15.443 mm/min, which indicated that the average infiltration rate during the first period was increased when sand ratio was increased. The effects of adding sand in soils on increasing soil water infiltration was obvious. Therefore, the measures of mixing sand in the surface layer of heavy saline-alkali farmland would be an effective way to alleviate soils salinization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Farms - Irrigation - Mixing - Saline water - Sand - Soil moisture - Textures - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative infiltrations - Empirical coefficients - Infiltration characteristic - Laboratory experiments - Mechanical compositions - Soil-column experiment - Steady infiltration rate - Water holding capacity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.01e-02yr, Age 4.11e-02yr, Percentage 1.80e+01% to 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20203008979163
Title:Evaluating the stability of black soil water content in Northeast China under no tillage and ridge tillage using least limiting water range
Title of translation:利用最小水分限制范围评价东北黑土区免耕和垄作的土壤水分稳定性
Authors:Liu, Shuzhen (1); Gao, Weida (1); Ren, Tusheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Weida(weida_gao@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:107-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An optimal range of water content in soil plays an important role in the whole season of crop growth, in order to obtain stable yields in rainfed agricultural region. This study aims to investigate the temporal stability of soil water content in black soil under the no tillage (NT) and ridge tillage (CT) modes subjected to different rainfall conditions in Northeast China. The long-term tillage experiment was conducted in 2011 at Jilin Lishu Experimental Station of China Agricultural University. The time domain reflectometer (TDR) probes were installed in the soil depth of 5, 10 20 and 40 cm under NT and CT treatments to monitor the volume dynamics of soil water content. Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) that calculated from the curves of soil water retention and penetration resistance was used as an indicator to evaluate the temporal variability and the availability of soil water content under three rainfall-type years, including normal year (2014), dry year (2015), and wet year (2016). Moreover, the available water storage of 0-40 cm soil layer was also calculated in two tillage treatments. The normal rate of soil water content was defined as the ratio of the cumulative number of days to the total number of days in each period of corn growth stages, where the soil water content was within LLWR. The mean of geometric means (MGMs) for four stages of corn growth can be calculated to evaluate the normal rate of soil water content during the whole crop growth season. The results indicated that: 1) The values of LLWR ranged from 0.05 to 0.19 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> in both tillage treatment. In the 5-10 cm soil layer, the LLWR in NT treatment was significantly smaller than that in CT treatment. There was no significant difference observed in the soil layers of 0-5, 10-20 and 20-40 cm in two tillage treatment. 2) Lower normal rate of soil water content occurred mainly in the 10-40 cm soil layer under both tillage treatments. During the whole growth season, the MGMs of 0-40 cm profile under NT treatment were 48%, 72% and 85% in normal, dry and wet year, respectively, with the coefficient of variance (CV) of 0.23. In CT treatment, the MGMs were 56%, 20% and 51% in normal, dry, and wet year, respectively, with the CV of 0.38. 3) Higher mean available water storage can be obtained in the soil layer of 0-40 cm after NT treatment than that of CT. In the 0-40 cm layer, the difference in available soil water storage between NT and CT was minimum in 2016 (wet year), where that of NT was 8.95 mm higher than that of CT. The maximum difference occurred in 2015 (dry year), where that of NT was 13.99 mm higher than that of CT. The soil water content under NT treatment was more stable within the LLWR than that under CT treatment, especially in the extreme weather conditions, such as dry and wet year. It infers that there is a relatively low risk of water limitation condition for the crops under NT treatment in the black soil in Northeast China, when climate change in future. This finding can provide a field management strategy to obtain a stable crop production in Northeast China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Climate change - Crops - Cultivation - Rain - Reflectometers - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Available soil waters - Coefficient of variance - Experimental stations - Extreme weather conditions - Least limiting water ranges - Penetration resistances - Time-domain reflectometers - Water content in soil
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 443.3 Precipitation - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 941.3 Optical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+01%, Percentage 7.20e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.02e+01m, Size 1.40e-02m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Size 8.95e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20203008979143
Title:Model for monitoring leaf area index of double cropping rice based on crop growth monitoring and diagnosis apparatus
Title of translation:基于作物生长监测诊断仪的双季稻叶面积指数监测模型
Authors:Li, Yanda (1); Sun, Binfeng (1); Cao, Zhongsheng (1); Ye, Chun (1); Shu, Shifu (1); Huang, Junbao (1); He, Yong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment, Nanchang; 330200, China; (2) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:141-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The real-time, fast, non-destructive and quantitative monitoring of leaf area index (LAI) is critical for precise regulation population quality of double cropping rice production. The objective of this study was to test the accuracy and adaptability of crop growth monitoring and diagnosis apparatus (CGMD) in double cropping rice of different plant types growth index monitoring and application, and to establish the leaf area index (LAI) monitoring model of double cropping rice based on CGMD. Field experiments were conducted in Jiangxi China in 2016 and 2017, including different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates. The differential vegetation index (DVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ratio vegetation index (RVI) were measured at tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and filling stage with two spectrometers, i.e., CGMD (a passive multispectral spectrometer containing 810 and 720 nm wavelengths) and analytical spectral devices (ASD, a passive hyper-spectral spectrometer containing 325 to 1 075 nm wavelengths). Vegetation indexes change characteristics were compared between CGMD and ASD, and their quantitative relationships were analyzed. The LAI monitoring models for compact and loose plant type cultivars of double cropping rice were established based on CGMD from field experimental dataset in 2016 and then validated using field experimental dataset in 2017. The results showed that the LAI, DVI, NDVI and RVI of different plant type cultivars were increased with increasing nitrogen application rate at different growth stages. All of them showed a "low-high-low" trend with double cropping rice development progress. The determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of DVI, NDVI and RVI based on CGMD and ASD were 0.959-0.968, 0.961-0.966 and 0.957-0.959, respectively. This indicated that vegetation indexes based on CGMD and ASD was highly consistent, and the CGMD could be used to replace expensive ASD to measure NDVI, DVI and RVI. The prediction effect of LAI monitoring model at single growth stage based on CGMD vegetation indexes was better than that in the whole stage, and the prediction effect of LAI monitoring model in the loose plant type cultivar based on CGMD vegetation indexes was better than that in the compact plant type cultivar. The linear equation based on DVI<inf>CGMD</inf> could be used to estimate LAI with the R<sup>2</sup> in the range of 0.857-0.903, and the correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE) and relation root mean square error (RRMSE) of model validation in the range of 0.950-0.984, 0.18-0.43 and 3.95%-9.40%, respectively. The exponential equation based on NDVI<inf>CGMD</inf> could be used to estimate LAI with the R<sup>2</sup> in the range of 0.831-0.884, and the r, RMSE and RRMSE of model validation in the range of 0.906-0.967, 0.24-0.38 and 5.73%-9.16%, respectively. The power function equation based on RVI<inf>CGMD</inf> could be used to estimate LAI with the R<sup>2</sup> in the range of 0.830-0.881, and the r, RMSE and RRMSE of model validation in the range of 0.905-0.954, 0.25-0.56 and 7.37%-9.99%, respectively. Compared with the normal manual sampling method, using the CGMD can real-time and non-destructive monitoring the LAI dynamic change of double cropping rice. The CGMD could be used to replace SunScan (an expensive plant canopy analyzer used to measure LAI) to measure LAI of double cropping rice, which has a potential to be widely applied for precise regulation of LAI and high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Mean square error - Nitrogen - Spectrometers - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical spectral devices - Determination coefficients - Different growth stages - Nitrogen application rates - Non-destructive monitoring - Normalized difference vegetation index - Quantitative monitoring - Ratio vegetation indices
Classification code:741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.95e+00% to 9.40e+00%, Percentage 5.73e+00% to 9.16e+00%, Percentage 7.37e+00% to 9.99e+00%, Size 3.25e-07m to 1.08e-06m, Size 7.20e-07m, Size 8.10e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.10.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
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