<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20202708884305
Title:Effects of depth and irrigation amount of subsurface infiltration irrigation pipes on water use efficiency and yield of jujube
Title of translation:渗灌管埋深与灌溉量对枣树产量和水分利用效率的影响
Authors:Jiao, Bingzhong (1); Sun, Zhaojun (1, 2, 3); Han, Lei (2, 3); He, Jun (2, 3); El-Sawy, S.M. (4); Li, Xingqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) China-Arab Joint International Research Laboratory for Featured Resources and Environmental Governance in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (4) Vegetable Research Department, Agricultural and Biological Division, National Research Centre, Cairo; 11435, Egypt
Corresponding author:Sun, Zhaojun(sunzhaojunyx@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:94-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Irrigation water in Yellow River is decreasing due to global warming, the uneven distribution of rainfall, serious surface evaporation and underground leaks. Water-use efficiency has posed a great challenge in the arid and semi-arid areas, particularly on western China, such as Tongxin County, Ningxia. To meet challenge, it is necessary to explore an efficient water-saving method using the depth of underground infiltration irrigation and pan evaporation coefficient. In this study, an experiment was performed on two factors and 12 treatments in three depths of underground infiltration irrigation: D15 (15 cm), D30 (30 cm), D45 (45 cm), and four irrigation volume: W0.6 (Kcp = 0.6), W0.8 (Kcp = 0.8), W1.0 (Kcp = 1.0), W1.2 (Kcp = 1.2), where the crop-pan coefficient (Kcp) was used to evaluate irrigation volume, and the 7-year Tongxin round jujube was selected as the subject. The field experiments were conducted from January 2017 to December 2018 in the Water-saving and Efficient Agricultural Science and Technology Park (36°50'N, 105°60'E) in the dry area of Wangtuan Town, Tongxin County, Ningxia, China. The spatial and temporal changes were investigated by soil moisture, annual growth of root system, agronomic traits, yield and water-use efficiency. Then, a spatial analysis was used to search the areas, where jujube yield and water-use efficiency were better matched, and to obtain the optimal underground level, where the irrigation range was determined by the depth of infiltration irrigation and crop-pan coefficient. The test results showed that the water contents in the soil from 0-100 cm in the vertical direction, and from 0-80 cm in the horizontal was higher than others with the increase of irrigation volume, whereas, the peak of soil water content moved downward with the increase in the depth of underground infiltration irrigation. The buried depth of 15 cm or 30 cm can increase the moisture content in the soil depth of 0-40 cm, while the buried depth of 45 cm can increase that in the soil depth of 40-60 cm. The irrigation volume and the depth of subsurface infiltration irrigation have a great impact on the root system distribution of 20-80 cm soil layer. There were significant differences in the root system increments under various subsurface infiltration irrigation depths. Specifically, the D30W0.6 and D30W0.8 treatments increased the root dry density from 20-60 cm soil layer, and the D45W1.0 and D45W1.2 treatments increased that from the 60-80 cm soil layer, compared with other treatments. Two-year experiments showed that the D30W1.0 treatment was optimum to increase the hanging length of jujube, the number of flowers per hang, the number of fruits per hang, fruit set rate and yield. The highest water-use efficiency of D30W0.8 was 4.68kg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2017 and 5.32 kg/m<sup>3</sup> in 2018, increased by 17.88% (2017), 16.41 % (2018), but the yield decreased by 9.32% (2017) and 5.94% (2018), compared with D30W1.0 treatment, indicating D30W0.8 treatment was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05). Therefore, the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) can be used to optimize the irrigation strategies for jujube trees by using multivariate regression and spatial analysis. In this case, the optimal irrigation amount and the depth of subsurface infiltration irrigation can be selected as follows: 370-410 mm and 28-33 cm, respectively. The finding can provide a sound basis and technical support for high efficient management of jujube trees during subsurface irrigation in arid areas of Ningxia, China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Arid regions - Crops - Efficiency - Evaporation - Forestry - Fruits - Global warming - Plants (botany) - Regression analysis - Soil moisture - Spatial variables measurement - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science and technologies - Arid and semi-arid areas - Multivariate regression - Spatial and temporal changes - Subsurface infiltrations - Surface evaporation - Vertical direction - Water use efficiency
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.00e+00yr, Mass_Density 2.02e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.68e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.32e+00kg/m3, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 8.00e-01m, Size 2.80e-01m to 3.30e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.70e-01m to 4.10e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20202708883845
Title:Evaluation of the impacts of coal mining on farmland quality in mine-agriculture regions in China
Title of translation:煤炭开采对"矿-农"复合区农田质量影响评价
Authors:Xu, Zhanjun (1); Zhao, Simeng (1); Wang, Peizhou (1); Bi, Rutian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:273-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Farmland quality refers to the ability of the land to perform agriculture functions, such as grain production, sustainable performance. The evaluation of farmland quality can include three aspects, background quality, economic quality and ecological environment quality. The indictor farmland quality provides the internal natural attributes, particularly on natural geographical conditions affected by social and economic input. Specifically, the "mining-agriculture" combined method can be widely engaged in agricultural production on the ground, while coal mining underground in Shanxi Province, China. Coal mining has caused serious damage to the farmland, where the quality of cultivated land has deteriorated, and thereby posed great threat on food security and social stability. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the impact of coal mining on the quality of farmland in the mine-agricultural complex region, as well for the formulation of regional land reclamation plans. Taking the Changhe river basin in Zezhou County, Shanxi Province as the research area, four indexes were selected to characterize overall farmland quality, including natural quality of farmland, agricultural production conditions, location conditions, and farmland environmental conditions, according to the national standard "Regulations on Agricultural Land Grading and Classification". A specific index system was established to spatially visualize four indexes using the geographic information technology, ArcGIS. A multi-factor weighted algorithm was used to analyze the spatial distribution of each index, and to obtain comprehensive evaluation for the quality of farmland, particularly on coal mining subsidence areas. The results show that the constructed index system of farmland quality can be suitable for the "mine-agriculture" compound regions, reflecting the farmland status of the target areas. The evaluation scores of farmland natural quality, agricultural production conditions, location conditions, and farmland eco-environmental conditions were low in the undisturbed area of coal mining. The farmland quality within the boundary of the coal mine field (average 0.37) was much lower than that of non-mining farmland (average 0.55). It infers that coal mining can affect independent indicators, such as natural quality, economic quality and farmland environmental quality, and ultimately lead to a serious decline in the fertility of farmland at the regional level. The main reason is that the underground coal mining can destroy the topography on the ground, thereby result in soil nutrients loss, broken plots, ground subsidence of roads, and the discharge of mining pollutants at high levels of environmental pollution in local farmland. This finding can provide a theoretical basis to formulate a scientific and rational land-rehabilitation plan for the mine-agricultural complex regions, and comprehensive land improvement plans.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Coal - Coal industry - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Cutting machines (mining) - Environmental regulations - Food supply - Grading - Land use - Quality control - River pollution - Soil pollution - Subsidence - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive evaluation - Environmental conditions - Environmental pollutions - Geographic information technologies - Geographical conditions - Grading and classifications - Underground coal mining
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20202708884201
Title:Investigation of differential fallow patterns and technical measures for cultivated land in China
Title of translation:中国耕地差异化休耕模式及技术措施探讨
Authors:Su, Kangchuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Yang, Qingyuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhang, Zhongxun (1, 2, 3, 4); Bi, Guohua (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) State Cultivation Base of Eco-agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Kaster Ecosystem, Chongqing; 400715, China; (4) Institute of Green Low-carbon Development, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qingyuan(yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated land fallow pattern is an important part for the implementation of the arable land fallow system. Therefore, it is necessary to explore different fallow patterns for the fully utilization of farmlands in China. This paper aims to refine the differentiated fallow pattern of cultivated land using literature analysis and case studies, together with field data collected from the main pilot areas of cultivated land fallow in China. Results showed that: 1) the pattern design of cultivated land fallow depends on three factors, including system subject, system object and system environment, in the specific land fallow system. The guideline of pattern design can be based on the principle of available local conditions, food security, the trinity of social, economic and ecological benefits, and the main standard of "rest, maintain and utilization" for fallow land. In pattern design of differentiated cultivated land fallow, the main contents include the pattern definitions, pattern categories, applicable areas, case areas of pattern, and typical fallow technical measures. 2) Five fallow patterns of cultivated land in China mainly are: fallow pattern of water-saving and retention in the groundwater funnel area, fallow pattern of clean decontamination in the land pollution area, fallow pattern types of ecological restoration in the ecologically degraded area, productivity conservation of cultivated land in highly intensive cultivation area, and the pattern of "transfer + fallow" in the seriously abandoned area of cultivated land. 3) Technical measures of fallow patterns are related to fallow time, fallow cultivation and fertilization, fallow tillage, fallow experiment and demonstration fields. The fallow time of pattern design can be divided long-term, short-term and seasonal fallow. The fallow fertilization of patterns consists of no-till net green manure, less tillage with green manure and bean rotation, no-tillage green manure mixed with grass, no tillage manure returned to the field, straw returning, and organic fertilizer (fertilized farmyard manure), and mixing with the above various ways. The fallow tillage mainly includes crushing and returning green manure to the field, fallow shallowing, deep turning and drying, and rotary tillage, and other related technical systems. The fallow patterns of experiment and demonstration fields include a variety of screening test, fallow time test, determination test of soil index, and comparison test between fallow and uncultivated farmland. 4) The typical fallow experimental demonstration fields in Huanxian county, Gansu Province, can be expected to popularize in different fallow areas of China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Demonstrations - Farms - Fertilizers - Food supply - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Land use - Manures - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological benefits - Ecological restoration - Experimental demonstrations - Literature analysis - Organic fertilizers - Pattern definition - System environment - Technical measures
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20202708884163
Title:Method for the real-time monitoring of the excavator in natural scene
Title of translation:自然场景下的挖掘机实时监测方法
Authors:Mao, Liang (1, 2); Xue, Yueju (1); Zhu, Tingting (3); Wei, Yinghui (3); He, Junle (3); Zhu, Xunmu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen; 518055, China; (3) Gosuncn Technology Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou; 510530, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Yueju(xueyueju@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:214-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to monitor illegal land use in real time, video surveillance technology was used to monitor the vulnerable areas of illegal land use. Excavator was one of the most important construction machinery in the engineering construction, an automatic real-time detection of excavator could provide important information for non-contact field monitoring of illegal land. But it was difficult to accurately detect the excavator due to the complex background, uneven illumination and partial occlusion in natural scene, This paper proposed a real-time excavator detection algorithm in natural scene based on the SSD-like (Single Shot Detector). Specifically, the lightweight network DDB (Depthwise Dense Block) was used as the basic network to extract shallow feature and fuse with high-level features in the excavator objection model to enhance the feature representation capability. Meanwhile, the BDM (Bottleneck Down-sampling Module) which was designed based on the lightweight network MobileNetV2 was used as the multi-scale feature extraction network to reduce the parameter quantity and computation. The data sets included 18 537 images of excavators with different shooting angles and natural scenes, 15 009 images were used as training set and 3 528 images were chosen as test set randomly. To enhance the diversity of training data, data set expansion methods such as rotation and image were adopted. Based on the Caffe deep learning framework, the proposed model in this paper was trained with end-to-end approximate joint methods and the model weight was fine-tuned by using SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) algorithm. The DDB module of the network was initialized with the weights pre-trained on the PASCAL VOC dataset, and the training time and resources were further reduced by transferring learning. Then the model pre-trained on the large data sets was transplanted to excavator object detection by transfer learning. The proposed method was transplanted and performed on the mainstream Jetson TX1 embedded hardware platform, and experiments on the actual data set of detecting excavator object at different angles of view and natural scenes. Experiment results showed that the parameter quantity and computational complexity of proposed model with BDM was reduced by 68.4% compared to SSD, the mAP (Mean Average Precision) of proposed method reached 90.6% on the testing set, which was 0.4% and 0.4% higher than that of SSD based on VGG16 basic net and MobileNetV2SSD based on MobileNetV2 basic net, respectively. The model size of propose method was 4.2 MB, which was about 1/25 and 1/4 of SSD and mobilenetv2ssd, respectively, and the time-consuming of each frame was 145.2 ms, which was 122.7% and 28.2% faster than SSD and MobileNetV2SSD, respectively. The proposed method not only had better generalization and robustness, but also can be better deployed on the embedded hardware platform which demonstrated the feasibility of real-time monitoring of the excavator at site of illegal land use.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Construction equipment - Crime - Deep learning - Excavation - Excavators - Gradient methods - Image enhancement - Land use - Mobile telecommunication systems - Object detection - Security systems - Signal detection - Stochastic models - Stochastic systems - Transfer learning
Uncontrolled terms:Construction machinery - Engineering constructions - Feature representation - Multi-scale features - Real time monitoring - Stochastic gradient descent - Uneven illuminations - Video surveillance technology
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.1 Construction Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.23e+02%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 6.84e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Time 1.45e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20202708883809
Title:Optimization of the process for carotenoid production from bean curd residue fermented by Rhodotorula
Title of translation:红酵母发酵豆腐渣产类胡萝卜素工艺优化
Authors:Wang, Ning (1); Yang, Jiye (2); Chen, Shuming (1); Xin, Jiaying (3); Song, Jing (1); Zhang, Jianxin (1); Wang, Qianqian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Shanxi Animal Genetic and Breeding Center, Taiyuan; 030027, China; (3) Key Laboratory for Food Science & Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin; 150076, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Shuming(13834834183@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:323-330
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bean curd residue as livestock feed contains crude protein, crude fat and other nutrients. However, more than 50% contents in bean curd residue are the indigestible dry matters (mainly cellulose and hemicellulose), while the absorption of nutrients can also be interfered by the trypsin inhibitor and other anti-nutritional factors. Consequently, the specific pretreatment of bean curd residue can increase the digestibility, absorption rate, utilization of feed nutrients, and the production performance of livestock and poultry. In order to improve the feeding value of bean curd residue, this study aims to explore an optimization technology for carotenoid production from the fermented bean curd residue by Rhodotorula. Firstly, the yield of reducing sugar was taken as the index in the acidolysis solution of bean curd residue, while a single factor test was carried out on four factors: hydrochloric acid concentration, solid-liquid ratio, acidolysis temperature and acidolysis time. In L<inf>9</inf> (3<sup>4</sup>) orthogonal test, the optimal combination of parameters for the yield of reducing sugar from bean curd residue by acidolysis was as following: hydrochloric acid concentration was 1.0 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio (g/mL) was 1: 10, acidolysis temperature was 100℃, and acidolysis time was 3.0 h. At this condition, the yield of reducing sugar reached 29.06%±0.07% in the optimal acidolysis solution of bean curd residue. Rhodotorula was selected to ferment the acidolysis solution of bean curd residue rich in reducing sugar, and thereby produce functional nutrient carotenoids. The yield of carotenoid was taken as the indictor, and the single factor test was carried out on 7 factors, such as fermentation temperature and time, which can affect the fermentation of acidolysis solution of bean curd residue by Rhodotorula. In the single factor test, Plackett-Burman test regression was used to screen out the main influencing factors. The results showed that the main factors influencing the yield of carotenoid were the pH value of the acidolysis solution of bean curd residue, inoculum amount of Rhodotorula, fermentation temperature and fermentation time. Three levels of Box-Behnken response surface test were designed to optimize the four main factors as independent variables, and the yield of carotenoid as the response value. The optimal combination of technological parameters was obtained: the pH value of the fermented acidolysis solution of bean curd residue was 6.0, liquid volume was 80 mL/ (500 mL), inoculation age was 48 h, inoculation amount was 11% (the concentration of seed liquid was 8.5×10<sup>9</sup> CFU/mL), rotation speed was 60 r/min, fermentation temperature was 31℃, fermentation time was 128 h. In this case, the yield of carotenoids reached (2.65±0.02) mg/L, which was 67.7% higher than that by non-optimized fermentation techniques. In Rhodotorula, there were only simple nutrient requirements, including short fermentation cycle, non-toxic metabolites, easy to synthesize plentiful carotenoid in a short period of time. Carotenoid can serve as antioxidant to enhance immunity, thereby to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and cancer. Therefore, the deep-processing is expected that the bean curd residue can be translated into carotenoid functional feed with high value-added and nutrition. The optimized technique for carotenoid production from the fermented bean curd residue by Rhodotorula can provide a promising prospect and remarkable potential market for livestock feed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Liquid sugar
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Cellulose - Fermentation - Hydrochloric acid - Liquids - Metabolites - Nutrients - Nutrition - pH - Pigments - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-nutritional factors - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Cerebrovascular disease - Fermentation techniques - Fermentation temperature - Optimization technology - Production performance - Technological parameters
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.00e+03mol/m3, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.77e+01%, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+01RPM, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 4.61e+05s, Volume 5.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20202708884225
Title:Slurry manure collection and design of storage system on scaled pig farms
Title of translation:规模化养猪场粪污全量收集及贮存工艺设计
Authors:Xu, Pengxiang (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhang, Pengyue (1, 2); Xue, Nan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Shanxi Linyi Fenglin animal husbandry Co., Ltd, Yuncheng; 044104, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:255-262
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are about 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure produced every year in China. How to reusing these wastes has becoming an important issue. In recent years, Ministry of agriculture and rural affairs of China attaches great importance to the treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and insists that livestock and poultry manure should be mainly used for rural energy and organic fertilizer. At present, slurry manure can be collected by three means in China, called dry-dung cleaning manure, water flushing manure and deep-pit slurry manure. According to the statistics data about the utilization of livestock and poultry manure from the third-party in 2018, the proportion of farms adopting the technology of dry-dung cleaning manure is 88.45%, the proportion of water flushing manure and deep-pit slurry manure is 9.80%, and the proportion of other methods is 1.75%. It is noticeable that dry-dung cleaning is still the main method of manure cleaning in China's farms. Dry-dung cleaning process usually includes 3 steps such as solid-liquid separation, manure composting and waste water treatment, but all the products still need to be returned to the farmland finally. The treatment of solid and liquid wastes separately causes excessive nutrient loss and higher running cost, which is apparently a waste of resources. Compared with dry-dung cleaning manure and water flushing manure, deep-pit slurry manure do not need flushing water and reduced the total amount of slurry manure. Deep-pit slurry manure collected excrement through slatted floor and stored in manure storage pit has some characteristics such as easily collection of feces and urine, low operating cost and high efficiency of nutrient utilization which has been widely used in developed countries such as Europe and the United States. It is a low cost technology for slurry manure treatment and suitable for applying in North China, Northwest China and other regions with sufficient land. In this paper, the collection amount of swine manure, the storage process parameters of slurry manure, the design of storage construction and the cost of investment and operation were studied, which would provide support for the popularization and application of the technology. The results showed that the collection amount of slurry manure in the whole feeding period of each pig is 0.70 m<sup>3</sup>, and 6 months storage time was needed before the manure was returned to the farmland. When the pH value of slurry manure is acidified to 5.5-6.5, ammonia emission can be reduced by up to 80%. Slurry manure collection and storage facilities are divided into two types: under-floor pit inside the breeding house and outside below or above ground storage tank. There are three methods for slurry manure storage: under floor deep-pit storages, outside below ground concrete storages or above ground tank storages, or a combination of both. Take a scaled farm with 5 000 pigs as an example, the required volume of under-floor pit is 6 600 m<sup>3</sup> and the investment need 6.6 million yuan, the required volume of outdoor tank is 4 118 m<sup>3</sup> and the investment need 2.06 million yuan, the required volume of under-floor pit combined outdoor tank is 8 214 m<sup>3</sup> and the investment need 6.51 million yuan. The cost of manure treatment is 38.3 thousand yuan per year, the cost of manure spreading is 108 thousand yuan per year. All the manure can be returned to 133 hm<sup>2</sup> farmland and save cost of chemical fertilizer for about 60 thousand yuan per year.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Ammonia - Cleaning - Costs - Digital storage - Farms - Floors - Investments - Mammals - Manures - Nutrients - Rural areas - Tanks (containers) - Waste treatment - Wastewater treatment - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Aboveground storage tanks - Agriculture and rural - Chemical fertilizers - Developed countries - Low cost technology - Nutrient utilization - Organic fertilizers - Solid liquid separation
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 619.2 Tanks - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e-01yr, Percentage 1.75e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.85e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+00%, Volume 4.12e+03m3, Volume 6.60e+03m3, Volume 7.00e-01m3, Volume 8.21e+03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20202708883816
Title:Extraction of rice planting structure in tropical region based on Sentinel-1 temporal features integration
Title of translation:基于Sentinel-1数据时序特征的热带地区水稻种植结构提取方法
Authors:Huang, Chong (1, 3); Xu, Zhaoxin (2); Zhang, Chenchen (1, 4); Li, He (1); Liu, Qingsheng (1); Yang, Zhenkun (2); Liu, Gaohuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) CAS Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:177-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapid and accurate extraction of rice planting information is of great significance for regional rice planting monitoring, yield evaluation and production management. Thailand is located in the central part of Indo-china Peninsula, with a humid tropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of 27℃ and an annual average precipitation of more than 1 000 mm. Many areas are suitable for double rice cultivation. However, because of the long rainy season and large amount of cloud, it is difficult to obtain high-quality optical remote sensing images for crop classification. In addition, the diversity of rice planting structure also hinders the accurate recognition of complex rice planting modes based on traditional optical images. In this paper, a multi-feature classification method for rice planting information extraction based on time series Sentinel-1 SAR data was proposed. First, all sentinel-1 SAR data available in a whole year were used to construct the time series profiles of backscatter coefficient at the pixel level and object level, respectively. The backscatter coefficient profiles were de-noised based on Savitzky-Golay filtering algorithm using the TIMESAT software, then the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance-based algorithm at the pixel level (Pixel-Based DTW, PBDTW) and object level (Object-Based DTW, OBDTW) were applied to measuring the similarity of backscatter coefficient profiles between the target land classes and reference land classed. Furthermore, the max value, min value, mean and standard deviation of the backscatter coefficient were calculated. The time series statistical feature parameters were then integrated with membership features for Random Forest classification, and the performance of different combinations were assessed based on classification confusion matrix. The results showed that backscatter coefficient profile was an effective way to represent the phenological information contained in time-series Sentinel-1 SAR data. By matching the similarity of time series profiles, single rice and double rice could be well identified from other crops. After adding the time series statistical feature parameters, the user's accuracy and the producer's accuracy of PBDTW algorithm increased by 6.62 and 6.76 percentage points for single rice, and by 5.34 and 3.66 percentage points for the double rice. Compared with the OBDTW algorithm only, the user's accuracy and the producer's accuracy of OBDTW combined with time series statistical feature parameters algorithm increased by 5.3 and 4.82 percentage poins for single rice, and 3.34 and 5.46 percentage points for double rice. The results also indicated that OBDTW algorithm could reduce the influence of noise by calculating the average value of backscatter coefficients of all pixels belonging to the object, so the classification accuracy of OBDTW algroithm was higher than that of PBDTW algorithm. The combination of OBDTW together with time series statistical feature parameters had the highest classification accuracy, with the user's accuracy 81.46% and producer's accuracy 82.00% for single rice, and 86.87% and 84.08% for double rice, respectively. The results can provide a new way to extract rice planting information in the cloudy and rainy tropics.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Backscattering - Crops - Decision trees - Geometrical optics - Parameter estimation - Pixels - Remote sensing - Signal filtering and prediction - Time series - Tropics
Uncontrolled terms:Backscatter coefficients - Classification accuracy - Distance based algorithm - Mean and standard deviations - Optical remote sensing - Production management - Random forest classification - Savitzky Golay Filtering
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01%, Percentage 8.41e+01%, Percentage 8.69e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20202708884184
Title:Egg price forecasting in Beijing market using seasonal-trend decomposition procedures based on seasonal decomposition and long-short term memory
Title of translation:基于季节分解和长短期记忆的北京市鸡蛋价格预测
Authors:Liu, Xue (1); Liu, Jintao (1); Li, Jiali (1); Zhang, Xiaoshuan (2); Zhang, Wenhao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:331-340
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Egg price has been attracting public attentions from every community in Beijing market. It is necessary to obtain timely information for the fluctuation of the future egg price, particularly on the demand and supply of table eggs for human consumption. A lot of efforts have been made to accurately forecast future egg price in short, medium or long terms. However, there are many factors affecting egg prices to make the prediction challenging. In this paper, a hybrid model was proposed to forecast egg price by combining seasonal-trend decomposition procedures based on loess (STL) and long short-term memory (LSTM), denoted as STL-LSTM. In decomposition, a time series can be splitted into three components: seasonality, trends and remainder fluctuation. A more stable variance can be obtained from the non-linear, seasonal and periodic each part of egg price. Then, LSTM can be used to capture appropriate behaviors and predict precisely the trends and remainder parts of egg price, respectively, while the seasonal-naïve method can be used to predict seasonal trends in a 12-month cycle. The results from three parts were summarized into a total price forecast. The egg price data that used in this study were collected from the China animal husbandry, covering from January 2000 to December 2018 in Beijing egg markets. The monthly data from January 2000 to December 2017 were used as training set, whereas the 12 monthly data in 2018 were used as testing set in the proposed model. The method was evaluated by using the relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error percentage (MAPE). The results show that there was an overall upward trend for the egg price in the Beijing market from January 2000 to December 2018, with the seasonal fluctuation of "low spring and high autumn", and random fluctuations. The decomposition indicated that the trend component was the main contributor to egg price fluctuations, where the contribution rate decreased from 71.18% to 56.84% during the test period. The influence of seasonal and remaining components on egg prices increased in recent years, with the contribution rates of 34.24% and 8.92%, respectively. In STL-LSTM model, when the step size was given as 1, 3 and 6, the evaluating indexes were optimum: the relative error of 3.67%, 6.49% and 7.22%, the root mean square errors of 0.19, 0.33, and 0.43, and the average absolute percentage errors of 1.91, 3.53, and 4.58. In terms of the evaluating indexes, the proposed STL-LSTM model demonstrated most efficiency to predict egg prices, compared with the previous models, such as separate LSTM, support vector regression (SVR) and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA). The proposed model can be expected to extend on price predictions of other similar agricultural product in the future. The findings can provide a great potential to accurately forecast the future egg price for market strategies in animal husbandry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:55
Main heading:Long short-term memory
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agricultural robots - Animals - Autoregressive moving average model - Brain - Commerce - Costs - Errors - Forecasting - Mean square error - Support vector regression
Uncontrolled terms:Auto-regressive integrated moving average - Evaluating indexes - Mean absolute error percentages - Random fluctuation - Remaining component - Root mean square errors - Seasonal fluctuations - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr, Percentage 3.42e+01%, Percentage 3.67e+00%, Percentage 6.49e+00%, Percentage 7.12e+01% to 5.68e+01%, Percentage 7.22e+00%, Percentage 8.92e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20202708884106
Title:Design and test of planet gear driver of reciprocating double-acting cutter for rapeseed combine harvester
Title of translation:油菜联合收获机往复式双动割刀行星轮驱动器设计与试验
Authors:Ran, Junhui (1); Mu, Senlin (1); Li, Haitong (1); Guan, Zhuohuai (1); Tang, Qing (1); Wu, Chongyou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Chongyou(542681935@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:17-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems, such as serious vibration, high rapeseed loss rate of header and the high cutting power consumption, caused by the single-acting reciprocating cutter of the traditional rapeseed combine harvester, the planet gear driver of the reciprocating double-acting cutter was designed and tested. Firstly, kinematic equation of planet gear driver was established, and the structural parameters of the planet gear driver of the reciprocating double-acting cutter which must satisfy the requirement of cutter kinematics were analyzed. The analysis of the inertia force, and cutting trajectory and cutting area of the double-acting cutter showed that the inertia force generated by the reciprocating motion of the cutter bar was the main vibration source of the cutter. And the planet gear driven double-acting cutter's characteristics of good balance of inertia force, small cutting impact, light disturbance to the rape stalk and high cutting continuity were verified. Moreover, the bench experiment of power consumption for rape stalks cutting was done to compare the mean power consumption of the planet gear driven reciprocating double-acting cutter with that of the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter and double-acting cutter. When the cutting speed was in the range of 1.2-1.6 m/s, the average power consumption of the planet gear driven double-acting cutter was 43.3% and 16.8% lower than that of the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter and double-acting cutter, respectively. Furthermore, in order to test the vibration acceleration of the planet gear driven double-acting cutter and the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter, the two cutters were installed on the header of NJS-2.2 self-propelled rape combine harvest test bench respectively. When the speed of the cutter was in the range of 0.8-1.6 m/s, the average vibration acceleration of the planet gear driven double-acting cutter was 56.3% and 51.2% lower than that of the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter at the same vibration measuring point and in the same direction, respectively in the idling state and working state in the field experiments. Then, in order to research the other working performance between the planet gear driven double-acting cutter and the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter, the field experiments of the rapeseed loss rate of header were carried out. The results showed that the minimum and the maximum of the loss rate of header with the planet gear driven double-acting cutter were 1.56% and 2.68% respectively, which was 42.5% lower than that of the header with crank-linker driven single-acting cutter when the forward speed of the harvester was in the range of 0.6-1.4 m/s. The theoretical analysis, laboratory experiment and working state experiment in the field showed that the planet gear driven double-acting cutter designed in the study had the advantages of smaller vibration acceleration, lower power consumption, stable working performance, and obvious effect on reducing the rapeseed loss rate of header for rapeseed combine harvester than that of the crank-linker driven single-acting cutter. Thus it indicated that the planet gear driven double-acting cutter had the value of further improving and promoting application.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Gear cutting
Controlled terms:Combines - Electric power utilization - Epicyclic gears - Gear cutters - Harvesters - Kinematics - Oilseeds - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Kinematic equations - Laboratory experiments - Lower-power consumption - Reciprocating motion - Structural parameter - Vibration acceleration - Working performance
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 604.1 Metal Cutting - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.56e+00%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+00%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 4.33e+01%, Percentage 5.12e+01%, Percentage 5.63e+01%, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s to 1.60e+00m/s, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s to 1.40e+00m/s, Velocity 8.00e-01m/s to 1.60e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20202708883862
Title:Analysis and test of linear seeding process of maize high speed precision metering device with air suction
Title of translation:气吸式玉米高速精量排种器直线投种过程分析与试验
Authors:Li, Yuhuan (1, 2); Yang, Li (1, 2); Zhang, Dongxing (1, 2); Cui, Tao (1, 2); Zhang, Kailiang (1, 2); Xie, Chunji (1, 2); Yang, Ruimei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology of Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Li(yangli@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:26-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems that the seed and seed tube collision may reduce the qualified seeding rate and increase the coefficient of variation during the seeding process of the air suction precision maize seed metering device at high working speed, a method of seed throwing in a straight line by using linear seeds pushing device and suction hole of seed plate was presented in this paper. The linear seeds throwing process included three stages. Firstly, seeds attached to the seed plate steadily move in a circle with the seed plate during the range of transition area. Secondly, the seeds moved straight down at an absolute velocity with the seeds linear pushing device during the range of linear pushing area. Finally, seeds entered into the range of linear falling area and accelerated straight down, and then entered the seed tube, the seeds in the seed tube evenly and orderly dropped into the seed ditch. The principle of seed falling in a straight line was analyzed, the motion and mechanical relationships between the seeds and the air suction precision maize seed metering device during the seeds linear falling process were explained, the curve equation of suction hole of seed plate was defined, the structural curve equation of the seed pushing device was determined. In order to explore the effects of seed feeding position and working speed on the seed metering performance of seed metering device, the whole factor test was carried out with the seed feeding position and working speed as the influencing factors, and with the qualified rate of seeding spacing, the missing seeding rate and the coefficient of variation of seeding spacing as the test indexes. In addition, the significance of the test results was analyzed, and the regression equations of each factor and test indexes were determined. The maize seeds of Zhengdan 958 were used as objects of indoor bench test. The results showed that the optimal seed feeding position was that the angle of the linear seed pushing area was 15°and the angle of linear seed falling area was 21°. The verification test results showed that the qualified seeding spacing rate was 98.68%, the missing seeding rate was 0.69%, and the coefficient of variation of seeding spacing was 15.03% at the working speed of 12 km/h, which was consistent with the theoretical optimization results. The comparison tests were conducted between the linear seeding and the ordinary choke seeding. The results showed that all the indexes improved at all working speed on the basis of meeting the national standard requirements. With the working speed increased, the improvement effect became better. At the working speed of 14 km/h, compared with the ordinary choke seeding, the qualified rate of seeding spacing was increased by 4.22 percentage points, the missing seeding rate was reduced by 4.20 percentage points, and the coefficient of variation of seeding spacing was reduced by 4.55 percentage points, which indicated that the linear seeding could effectively improve the seeding effects at high working speed The results of adaptability tests showed that the seeding performance of Xianyu 335, Denghai 605 and Jingnongke 728 was lower than that of Zhengdan 958, but the qualified rate of seeding spacing was higher than 96.5%, the missing seeding rate was lower than 1.8%, and the coefficient of variation of seeding spacing was lower than 17.7%, which still met the requirements of the precision sowing.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Speed
Controlled terms:Feeding - Plates (structural components) - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute velocities - Coefficient of variation - National standard - Precision metering - Regression equation - Seed metering devices - Seeding performance - Verification tests
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.77e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 6.90e-01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Percentage 9.87e+01%, Velocity 3.33e+00m/s, Velocity 3.89e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20202708883979
Title:Effects of calcinated dolomite on the amendment of acid soil and release kinetics of Ca-Mg
Title of translation:煅烧对白云石治酸效果及其钙镁释放动力学特性的影响
Authors:Jiang, Jiaquan (1); Zhou, Liang (1); Zhang, Xiaolong (1); Wei, Bochao (1); Li, Yuanqiong (1); Fan, Xiaolin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resource and Environment, Environment Friendly Fertilizer Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Education Department, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Fan, Xiaolin(crfxiaolinfan@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Widespread soil acidification in China has posed a series of severe problems on agriculture ecosystems. In previous control measures, the use of lime can lead to soil hardening, whereas, industrial alkaline wastes inevitably face the risk of secondary pollution. Recently, cheap dolomite can be expected to serve as a soil functional conditioner, particularly for providing adequate amounts of calcium and magnesium nutrients for crops. This paper aims to investigate the effects of particle size and calcination time on dolomite alkalinity, microstructure, and release kinetic characteristics of calcium and magnesium during a low temperature calcination process. Two concepts were proposed, the capacity of alkalinity and short-term cumulative alkalinity, in order to evaluate the acid treatment of calcined dolomite. The results showed that after the calcination of dolomite with a particle size less than 3mm, the capacity of alkalinity increased by 78%, and the short-term cumulative alkalinity increased by 1 100 times, whereas the calcination time was extended from 1 hour to 3 hours without significantly increasing the total alkalinity. After calcining dolomite with a particle size of 0.15 to 0.25 mm, the release rate of calcium and magnesium reached the maximum after 3-hour calcination. However, the calcined dolomite with a particle size of 1 to 3 mm indicated a stable release rate of calcium and magnesium after the calcination for 1 to 3 hours, and the maximum release rate occurred after the calcination for 2 h. After 26 days incubation, the cumulative release rate of calcium in the calcined dolomite was over 87%, and the cumulative release rate of magnesium was less than 9%. Release curves of calcium and magnesium from calcined dolomite can be fitted using parabolic, first order kinetics, Richards and Bertallanffy equations. The modified Bertallanffy equation can be the most suitable to describe the release change of CaO amount from calcined dolomite over time, where r = 0.990-0.999, SE=0.47-1.53. Richards and the modified Bertallanffy equations can be used to quantitatively describe the MgO release pattern of dolomite, or predict the amount of magnesium supplied by dolomite. The goodness of fit test of the Richards equation was r=0.959-0.985, SE=0.14-0.20, while that of the modified Bertallanffy equation was r=0.980-0.993, SE=0.13-0.19. It infers that the calcined dolomite can serve as high capacity and intensity of alkaline, total and short-term cumulative alkalinity, while the calcination process can promote the release or supply of calcium and magnesium, where the release rate can be predicted by using Richards and modified Bertallanffy equations. In the calcinated dolomite with a large particle size of 1 to 3 mm, 1 hour can be an economical calcination time to increase its capacity of alkalinity, whereas the optimum is 2 hours calcination process to promote rapid cracking, short-term cumulative alkalinity, effective calcium and magnesium. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for calcinated dolomite translating to serve as soil conditioner and its manufacturing process.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Calcination
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Calcium - Calcium oxide - Gas fuel manufacture - Industrial research - Kinetics - Lime - Magnesia - Magnesium - Oxide minerals - Particle size - pH - Risk assessment - Soil conditioners - Soil pollution control - Soils - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture ecosystems - Calcium and magnesiums - First order kinetics - Goodness-of-fit test - Large particle sizes - Manufacturing process - Secondary pollution - Soil acidifications
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 522 Gas Fuels - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.12e-02yr, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-03m to 3.00e-03m, Size 1.50e-04m to 2.50e-04m, Size 3.00e-03m, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s to 1.08e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20202708884039
Title:Maturity discrimination of "Red Globe" grape cluster in grapery by improved circle Hough transform
Title of translation:改进圆形Hough变换的田间红提葡萄果穗成熟度判别
Authors:Zhou, Wenjing (1); Zha, Zhihua (1); Wu, Jie (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Research Center of Agricultural Mechanization for Economic Crop in Oasis, Ministry of Education, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jie(wjshz@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are color differences between different berries of a "Red Globe" cluster in the vineyard in the same period. This makes it inefficient and error-prone for visual maturity judgment of the grape cluster. As a result, inaccurate judgment often leads to grape harvesting too early or too late. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve accurate maturity discrimination of the grape cluster for increasing the quality grade and the commodity rate of the "Red Globe" grape. In this study, 79 images of the grape cluster in a grapery were acquired by the smartphone (HUAWEI Mate 10), including 59 images in natural light and 20 images in backlight. Firstly, the background of the grape cluster image was segmented using the K-Near Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and Otsu methods. For the KNN algorithm, 2 200 sets of R (Red), G (Green) and B (Blue) values were manually collected from the pixel of the image to be used as the data set. With the data set, different nearest numbers and the methods of distance calculation were tested to obtain a better background segmentation effect. For the Otsu method, the normalized color difference of (R-G) / (R+G) was applied as the background segmentation characteristic to reduce the influence of the lights on the R channel and G channel. For near red and green grape clusters under natural light and backlight, the background segmentation effect was compared using two algorithms. After labeling the images of grape clusters with the minimum bounding box, the Log operator was used to extract the edge of the first gradient image from the object region. Then, the Circle Hough Transform (CHT) method was applied to extract grape berries. The radius range of circle in the Hough transform was determined by measuring numbers of pixels of 60 grape berry images. In addition, we adjusted the values of the edge thresholds and sensitivities in Hough transform to obtain a higher accuracy of berry extraction. Meanwhile, the maturity of the grape berry was classified into four levels of G1, G2, G3, and G4 according to the H value of the pixels from the "Red Globe" grape image in the HSV space. Furthermore, the algorithm was developed to calculate the proportion of berries with different maturity grades in a cluster and classify the maturity degree of grape clusters. Finally, the classification performance for the grape cluster maturity with our developed algorithm was evaluated by the confusion matrix. The results showed that the KNN algorithm using Mahala Nobis distance obtained an accuracy of 93.25% and F<inf>1</inf>-score of 89.93% for background segmentation when the nearest number K was 5. While the accuracy and F<inf>1</inf>-score of background segmentation by the Otsu method were 87.78% and 79.44%, respectively. In comparison, the KNN method had a better segmentation effect regardless of the natural light, backlight or the green grape that were very similar to the background. In this case, the background segmented by the KNN algorithm was chosen for CHT extracting circle from the non-structured environment. The radius range of 23-72 pixels was determined for CHT to extract grape berries and the accuracy of grape berry extraction was up to 96.56% at high computation speed when the edge threshold and sensitivity were 0.15 and 0.942, respectively. Consequently, with our developed algorithm adopted, the maturity discrimination accuracy of the grape cluster was up to 91.14% compared with judgments from viticulturists. Moreover, the validation results proved that our proposed approach could discriminate against the slight change of maturity degree during the shorter growth period of the grape cluster. Thus, our research could guide for grape growers to select an appropriate harvest period. Also, it is useful for the research and development of automatic grape picking equipment in the future.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Clustering algorithms
Controlled terms:Color - Colorimetry - Extraction - Feature extraction - Fruits - Hough transforms - Image segmentation - Learning algorithms - Nearest neighbor search - Pixels
Uncontrolled terms:Background segmentation - Circle Hough transforms - Classification performance - Discrimination accuracy - High computation speed - Normalized color differences - Research and development - Structured environment
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.94e+01%, Percentage 8.78e+01%, Percentage 8.99e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Percentage 9.32e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20202708883792
Title:Relationship between slope spectrum's information entropy and terrain factors in water erosion areas of purple soil in southwest China
Title of translation:西南紫色土水蚀区坡谱信息熵与地形因子关系分析
Authors:Zhao, Weijun (1); Dong, Qiqun (1); Yan, Tingting (2); Qin, Wei (3, 4); Zhu, Qingke (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Tourism and Resources Environment in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, Taishan University, Tai'an; 271000, China; (2) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (4) Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Wei(qinwei_office@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:160-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In conventional soil erosion evaluation, the calculation of slope length and steepness (LS) factor requires the relatively complicated extraction of slope grade and slope length, and there are certain thresholds due to the determination of slope length to the location. Slope Spectrum's Information Entropy (SSIE) can comprehensively represent the characteristics of topographic relief, but it is not clear that how to apply for the prediction of soil erosion. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the SSIE and topographic factors, while the research area is taking the water erosion area of purple soil in southwest China, including the Qinba mountains region, Wuling mountain hilly area, and Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region. The slope gradient, slope length, and hydrographic net were extracted using ArcGIS based on ASTER GDEM (30 m resolution). After the calculation, two relationships were established between the SSIE and LS factor, as well the SSIE and gully density based on 63 basins. The results showed that: 1) The whole region displayed the curves of slope spectrum in the shape of "L", "S" and approximate bell, while the different curves of slope spectrum were successively distributed in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, Wuling mountain hilly area and Qinba mountains region. Meanwhile, the main peaks of slope spectrum curves were concentrated in 0°-3°, 15°-18° and 24°-27°. 2) The mean of LS factor was 11.03, and the distribution range of LS factors was 0-5, 10-15 and greater than 20 in Qinba mountainous region and Wuling mountain hilly area. However, that in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region was mainly concentrated in 0-15, showing obvious north-south difference. 3) The gully density was 0.66km/km<sup>2</sup> at the regional scale, particularly 0.72 km/km<sup>2</sup> in Qinba mountains region, and 0.75 km/km<sup>2</sup> in Wuling mountain hilly area. In Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, the gully density reached the minimum, 0.57 km/km<sup>2</sup>, lower than 17.39% mean value of the regional scale. The gully density ranged from 0.33 to 0.88 km/km<sup>2</sup> at the watershed scale. 4) The SSIE showed a logarithmic relationship with LS factor in the different scales, expressed as y=0.589 7lnx+1.201 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.949 4, P<0.01) in first zone, y=0.577 7lnx+1.200 3 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.960 3, P<0.01), y=0.749lnx+0.907 3 (R<sup>2</sup>=0.983 8, P<0.01), and y=1.3165x<sup>0.302</sup> (R<sup>2</sup>=0.989 1, P<0.01) in Qinba mountains region, Wuling mountain hilly area, and Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region, respectively. However, there were significant differences in the relationships between the SSIE and gully density in the various scales. The relationship between the SSIE and gully density was a polynomial function with low degree of correlation in first and other secondary zone, except for the highly correlated exponential function (y=1.3045e<sup>1.0452x</sup>(R<sup>2</sup>=0.7475, P<0.05)) in Sichuan and Chongqing mountainous region. The method can reduce the tedious calculation of LS factor and gully density, while the calculation of SSIE can make the evaluation of soil erosion easier and simpler than before. The findings can be expected to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and prediction of soil erosion in purple soil and water erosion areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Erosion - Exponential functions - Function evaluation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation and predictions - Highly-correlated - Information entropy - Logarithmic relationship - Mountainous regions - Polynomial functions - Scientific basis - Tedious calculation
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.74e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20202708883864
Title:Current status and future perspective of the application of deep learning in plant phenotype research
Title of translation:深度学习在植物表型研究中的应用现状与展望
Authors:Cen, Haiyan (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Yueming (1, 2, 3); Sun, Dawei (1, 2, 3); Zhai, Li (1, 2, 3); Wan, Liang (1, 2, 3); Ma, Zhihong (1, 2, 3); Liu, Ziyi (1, 2, 3); He, Yong (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate plant phenotyping is important for gaining a fundamental understanding of phenotype-genotype-environment interaction and is also critical for plant breeding and agricultural precision management. With the development of accurate and high-throughput plant phenotyping techniques, big phenotypic data of various plants especially image data can be collected. There is an urgent need to develop effective approaches to dealing with large-scale image data analysis to explore the biological and physiological mechanisms which can be eventually used from the laboratory to the field. This research was entering a new era called 'smart phenomics'. Deep Learning (DL) provided an opportunity to extract useful traits from the complicated phenotypic dataset, which could bridge the knowledge gap between genotype and phenotype for fundamental research and engineering applications in a breeding program and precision farming. Recently, a series of phenotyping related research supported by DL had been published all around the plant fundamental mechanism as well as the agricultural engineering applications. This study investigated the latest publications focused on phenotyping relating to the following algorithms: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM), Auto Encoder (AE), Sparse Coding (SC) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), both of the achievements and problems were introduced and summarized in the following aspects. The published researches involved the phenotypic identification and classification over various crops from tissues, organs, and plant scales singly or combined. Not like DBN, SC, or other earlier algorithms, CNN could extract the features without image preprocessing or feature design, its capability also grew rapidly since it was proposed and now had been the first-choice for image identification and classification scenarios. While deep learning applications in biotic/abiotic plant stress analysis mainly focused on the identification and classification of different phenotypic traits of various common crops under typical stresses. Recent studies CNN showed the most potential capability for stress identification and classification, and the predictions by CNN was an irrelevance to the type of stress. Studies also found that the qualitative analysis of abiotic stress could be diagnosed by transfer learning to reduce training time without affecting the prediction capability of the model, especially network architectures with mature applications scenarios manifested stable performance in terms of adaptability and migration based on CNN or integrated with CNN, Besides, yield prediction accuracy had been greatly improved through color, geometric shapes, textures and multiple phenotypic coupling features, which could be divided into the following three scenarios, including fruit yield prediction based on fruit identification and counting, field crop yield prediction by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing and multi-dimensional yield prediction based on multi-scale, multi-source, and multi-factor data. Moreover, deep learning had shown the potential for precision breeding and precision management. The precise identification of crop-specific phenotypes is the basis for accurate breeding and phenotypic management, and it can be summarized as two categories, including quantitative index counts after target detection and target segmentation under complex field conditions. In summary, a large number of proposed network architectures applied in plant phenotyping have been reviewed, and future efforts should be made on improving the efficiency and accuracy in production scenarios. Finally, the trend and future perspective in the multi-disciplinary research field of deep learning in plant phenotype research were also discussed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:78
Main heading:Network architecture
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Antennas - Application programs - Convolutional neural networks - Crops - Forecasting - Fruits - Learning systems - Precision engineering - Recurrent neural networks - Remote sensing - Stress analysis - Textures - Transfer learning - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Engineering applications - Fundamental mechanisms - Genotype-environment interaction - Multi-disciplinary research - Physiological mechanisms - Prediction capability - Recurrent neural network (RNN) - Restricted boltzmann machine
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20202708883866
Title:Effects of MOS and IOS on the biochemical and functional traits of myofibrillar proteins of yak
Title of translation:IOS和MOS对牦牛肌原纤维蛋白生化与功能特性的影响
Authors:Zhang, Li (1); Wang, Huihui (1); Song, Yanyan (1); Wei, Jinmei (2); Yu, Qunli (1); Han, Ling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oxidation is a potential tool to control meat quality, and the improvement of meat protein oxidation regulation theory is helpful to its application in food engineering. The protein oxidation systems in muscle are Ion Oxidizing System (IOS) and Metmyoglobin Oxidizing System (MOS). According to previous study, different oxidizing systems will lead to different oxidation phenomenon. So Elucidating the effects of different oxidation systems on biochemical and functional traits of myofibrillar proteins is helpful to improve the engineering theory and application of oxidation regulation of meat quality, which is more important for yak meat quality control because of its higher iron ion and metmyoglobin content. In order to investigate relationship between functional traits and chemical modification of myofibrillar proteins of yak under different oxidizing systems, the biochemistry traits (sulfhydryl content, disulfide bonds content, bityrosine content and surface hydrophobicity), secondary structure (α-helix percent, β-sheet percent, β-turn percent and random coil percent) and functional traits (solubility, turbidity, emulsifying activity index, emulsifying stability index, foamability and foam stability) of myofibrillar proteins of yak were analyzed under IOS and MOS with similar oxidation degree (protein carbonyl content), meanwhile the correlation coefficient between functional traits and biochemical traits of myofibrillar proteins of yak were also analyzed. It was found that there were significantly decreasing thiol group, increasing disulfide bond, increasing bityrosine and decreasing surface hydrophobicity (P<0.05) with increasing carbonyl concentration. Under IOS surface hydrophobicity insignificantly decrease when carbonyl concentration reached (1.19±0.06) nmol/mg. While the change of disulfide bond and surface hydrophobicity of MOS is more obviously than IOS when carbonyl concentration reached (1.51±0.13) nmol/mg which indicate that MOS is more sensitive to form disulfide bond. According to general liner model analysis, the interaction between oxidizing system and oxidizing degree on disulfide bonds content and surface hydrophobicity is significant which declare that the effects of oxidizing intensity on these chemical traits will be different because of different oxidizing system. When the carbonyl content increases by 1.22 nmol/mg to reach a high level, the α-helix structure will decrease by about 17%, while the proportion of the β-sheet structure significantly increases by about 13.5% (P<0.05). With the increase of the degree of oxidation, the protein solubility first increased and then decreased. The peak of the solubility appeared at the medium level (carbonyl content (1.51±0.13) nmol/mg). When the oxidation level reached the medium level, the solubility of the MOS system was significantly higher than that of the IOS system, indicating that the solubility change of the MOS system was more sensitive to the oxidation intensity. Moderate oxidation can improve the solubility and emulsification of myofibrillar proteins of yak and the optimal range of improvement depend on oxidizing system. The effect of MOS on functional traits is more sensitive to oxidation degree. Through correlation analysis, it can be found that disulfide bond is significantly correlated with solubility, turbidity, emulsification and other functional characteristics, while the most indexes secondary structure is significantly correlated with solubility and turbidity. It is shown that different oxidation systems have different effects on the biochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar, and MOS system can improve the functional properties at a lower degree of oxidation, which is related to the more significant changes in disulfide bonds and surface hydrophobicity.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Oxidation
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Chemical modification - Chemical stability - Covalent bonds - Emulsification - Hydrophobicity - Meats - Metal ions - Proteins - Quality control - Solubility - Sulfur compounds - Turbidity
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Emulsifying activity indices - Emulsifying stabilities - Functional characteristics - Functional properties - Myofibrillar proteins - Protein carbonyl content - Surface hydrophobicity
Classification code:531.1 Metallurgy - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20202708884095
Title:Numerical analysis of enhanced heat-mass transfer in evaporator for condensing dehumidification in solar greenhouses
Title of translation:日光温室冷凝除湿系统用蒸发器强化传热数值分析
Authors:Hu, Wanling (1); Zhang, Cheng (1); Tang, Rui (1); Zhang, Yun (1); Guan, Yong (1); Li, Jianxia (1); Xu, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:221-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:An evaporator is serving as a core heat exchange equipment in condensing dehumidification system. Its heat exchange performance has posed a significant impact on the control effect of the wet environment in the solar greenhouse. In this study, delta winglet vortex generators (VGs) were introduced into the evaporator in order to enhance the comprehensive heat-mass transfer, and a heat-mass transfer model was established in the plain plate fin-and-tube evaporator. The maximum relative errors of the average Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient of the proposed model for the grid system were within 5%, and the numerical calculation method was verified by the experimental data. In this paper, three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the dehumidification process on the air side of evaporators was mainly based on VOF (Volume of Fluid) model and unsteady state calculation method. The formation and distribution features of the condensate were characterized by pressure, temperature, velocity, vorticity and liquid volume fraction field distribution on the air-middle interface, while, the heat-mass transfer and enhancement effects of evaporators were also analyzed by using the characteristic parameters and evaluation indexes under different dehumidification conditions (the inlet air velocity, u<inf>in</inf>=1-4m/s, inlet air relative humidity, RH<inf>in</inf>=50%-80%). The results showed that the average Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient on the air side of the plain plate fin-and-tube evaporator with VGs increased significantly as the flow velocity increased, whereas, as the relative humidity increased, the average Nusselt number on the air side increased obviously, but the increase of the flow resistance coefficient was small. In the evaporator, the VGs can remarkably improve the heat transfer, but deteriorate the flow resistance, where the average Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient on the air side increased by an average of 25.45% and 51.70%, respectively. Moreover, the mass transfer on the air side of the evaporator with VGs was significantly enhanced with the increase of the inlet air velocity and air relative humidity. The VG<inf>S</inf> can increase the dehumidification mass by an average of 50.79%, thereby to improve the dehumidification capacity of the evaporator with VGs. The amount of condensate increased around the first to fourth row of tubes in sequence. The main condensate on the fin surfaces downstream of VG<inf>S</inf> was distributed along the outer boundary of the longitudinal vortexes, where the shapes of the boundary were stripe and ellipsoid that affected by VG<inf>S</inf>. The VGs can also effectively reduce the droplet size of the condensate and the shedding radius, thereby to improve the drainage capacity on air side. Furthermore, the VGs can generally increase the efficiency of fins with an average increase of 2.00%. Therefore, the enhanced heat and mass transfer that introduced by delta winglet vortex generators can significantly improve the comprehensive heat-mass transfer performances of evaporators with an average increase of 9.61% under most dehumidification conditions, except u<inf>in</inf>≤1 m/s and RH<inf>in</inf>≥70%, while the 2 m/s was recommended as the preferable inlet air velocity under RH<inf>in</inf>≥70%. This finding can provide a reference on the structural optimization of promising evaporators for condensing dehumidification systems in solar greenhouse.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Mass transfer
Controlled terms:Air - Delta wing aircraft - Evaporators - Fins (heat exchange) - Flow velocity - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Heat resistance - Heat transfer performance - Humidity control - Numerical methods - Nusselt number - Phase interfaces - Plates (structural components) - Solar heating - Structural optimization - Velocity - Vortex flow - Wings
Uncontrolled terms:Dehumidification system - Flow-resistance coefficients - Heat exchange performance - Heat-mass transfer model - Liquid volume fraction - Maximum relative errors - Numerical calculation methods - Three-dimensional dynamics
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 451 Air Pollution - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.08e+01%, Percentage 5.17e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+00%, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20202708884872
Title:Numerical simulation of root reinforcement for herbs in Loess Plateau based on asymptotic homogenization theory
Title of translation:基于渐近均匀化理论的黄土高原草本植物固土效果模拟
Authors:Huang, Jiankun (1, 2, 3); Wang, Xuelin (1, 2, 3); Ji, Jinnan (1, 2, 3); Chen, Lihua (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Zhiwei (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Forest Ecosystem Studies, National Observation and Research Station, Beijing Forestry University, Jixian; 042200, China; (2) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:168-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Loess Plateau is the most severe soil and water loss area in the world, as well subjected to shallow-landslide disaster in China. Currently, grass system has been widely distributed in the Loess Plateau, while the root system shows obviously periodic characteristics in spatial distribution. In order to accurately evaluate the influence of root groups on root reinforcement, and the coupling relationship between roots and soils, a constitutive relation of the "root-soil" composite was constructed via the "unit cell" of the root and soil based on the asymptotic homogenization theory. The "root-soil" composite in the nature similar to the reinforced concrete, can be regarded as a "new composite material", with a strong coupling relationship between roots and soil. In the deduction, some numerical methods including the perturbation method, periodic boundary conditions, subsection integral method and divergence theorem, were used to derive the expression of the equivalent stiffness matrix, and the equivalent density of the root-soil composite. The detailed solution to these functions was also given based on the finite element method. The two-dimensional elastic parameters of the root-soil composites were calculated by MATLAB program. The three-dimensional equivalent elastic parameters of the root-soil composite were eventually obtained, where the two-dimensional plane strain problem can be extended to three-dimensional one by additional equations. The calculation accuracy and stability of the present method are better than those of the simplified method, particularly on calculating the three-dimensional constitutive relationship. There was a certain deviation (up to 29.4%) in the calculation of equivalent Poisson's ratio υ<inf>xy</inf>, whereas, the calculation errors of other equivalent parameters are less than 7.1%. To illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the homogenization method in root reinforced slopes, the influence of the Elymus dahuricus's roots on the stress and strain field of the slope was analyzed based on the finite element software ANSYS. Three types of numerical models were constructed, including the slope model without grass, root reinforced slope with separated root elements, and root reinforced slope based on the present homogenization theory. The slope safety factor was calculated using the strength reduction method considering the penetrated equivalent plastic strain zone or not. The results show that: (1) The asymptotic homogenization theory can accurately construct the constitutive relation of "root-soil" composites, while reduce the calculation work (the element number reduced up to 95.58%). The error of υ<inf>xy</inf> has little effect on the stress distribution of the simulated slopes with homogenized materials. (2) Elymus dahuricus's root system can modify the stress field of the shallow slope, indicating more uniform of the shear stress in the root distribution zone. Therefore, the slope stability can be improved. (3) If the slope angle is small (30°), the safety factor of the slope without grass is large (F = 4.28). The root system has a small effect on the slope stability (an average increase is only 2.92%). If the slope angle increases up to 45°, the safety factor of the slope without grass reduces to F = 2.90, while the averaged safety factor of slopes with grass increases by 13.45%, indicating the dominated reinforcement effect of root system on slopes. These findings can open up a new way to set "root-soil" periodic composites for root reinforced slopes.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Slope stability
Controlled terms:Elasticity - Finite element method - Homogenization method - Landforms - MATLAB - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Perturbation techniques - Reinforced concrete - Safety factor - Sediments - Shear stress - Slope protection - Soils - Stiffness matrix - Strain
Uncontrolled terms:Asymptotic homogenization - Constitutive relationships - Equivalent plastic strain - Equivalent Poisson's ratios - Equivalent stiffness matrix - Finite element software - Periodic boundary conditions - Strength reduction method
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 412 Concrete - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 2.92e+00%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+00%, Percentage 9.56e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20202708883857
Title:Characteristics of water use efficiency of typical terrestrial ecosystems in China and its response to climate factors
Title of translation:中国典型陆地生态系统水分利用效率及其对气候的响应
Authors:Shi, Xiaoliang (1); Wu, Mengyue (1); Zhang, Na (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:152-159
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water Use Efficiency (WUE) refers to the ratio of water used in plant metabolism over water lost in evapotranspiration, indicating carbon-water coupling in terrestrial ecosystem and its response to global change. It is of great significance to clarify the long-term variation characteristics and influencing factors of WUE for the study of carbon and water cycles and the rational utilization of water resources. This study aims to estimate the vegetation WUE of a research site, particularly on the annual and interannual variation characteristics of WUE, and to establish the response relationship between WUE and key meteorological factors. The data used in this paper mainly include the flux and meteorological information from eight sites in China from January 2003 to December 2010. Unified quality control and interpolation methods were then used to pre-process the flux data. The daily flux and meteorological data were combined into 8-day data sets in each site. Pearson coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between vegetation WUE and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), ET, average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity factors. The characteristics and influencing factors of WUE were analyzed and compared in different ecosystem. The results showed that: 1)WUE fluctuated greatly in the whole year without obvious regularity in Qianyanzhou, Xishuangbanna and Dinghushan sites which locate in the tropical monsoon climate region, while WUE showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics in the other five sites, all of which increased significantly from April to July, and reached the maximum during the peak period (July to August), and then WUE decreased gradually from August to October. From November to February of the following year, WUE reached zero. 2) From 2003 to 2010, the annual WUE of alpine meadow (Damxung) was the lowest (0.18 g/kg), whereas, that of tropical rainforest (Xishuangbanna) was the highest (4.20 g/kg). The WUE increased annually in the grassland (Inner Mongolia), broad-leaved evergreen forest (Dinghu Mountain), farmland (Yucheng), alpine meadow (Damxung), and alpine meadow (Haibei), whereas, the decreasing trend occurred in the coniferous forest (Qianyanzhou), tropical rainforest (Xishuangbanna), deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous mixed forests (Changbai Mountain). 3) In the 8-day time scale, there was positively correlation between temperature and WUE in alpine meadow, farmland and grassland ecosystem, whereas there was the negatively correlation between temperature and WUE in forest ecosystem. And the negative correlation between WUE and temperature in coniferous forest ecosystem (R=-0.607, P<0.01) was higher than that in evergreen broad-leaved forest and coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest ecosystem. Compared with forest and farmland ecosystem, WUE in alpine meadow and grassland ecosystem had a higher correlation with relative humidity and precipitation; 4) In different ecosystem, the various approaches were proposed to enhance WUE of terrestrial ecosystem for the sustainable development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Soil management regulation and canopy pruning can improve water use efficiency in the case of forest ecosystem. In farmland ecosystem, water use efficiency can be elevated from irrigation mode and crop breeding. In alpine meadow and grassland ecosystem, man-made grass, rest grazing and area rotation grazing can be used to enhance grassland carbon sink, further to improve water use efficiency. The findings can provide promising potentials to alleviate water shortage against the background of global warming.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agronomy - Carbon - Efficiency - Farms - Forestry - Global warming - Irrigation - Tropics - Vegetation - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Evergreen broad-leaved forests - Gross primary productivity - Interannual variation - Interpolation method - Meteorological factors - Meteorological information - Terrestrial ecosystems - Variation characteristics
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.19e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20202708883819
Title:Optimization of fertigation scheduling for drip-irrigated watermelon based on its yield, quality and fertilizer and water use efficiency
Title of translation:基于产量品质和水肥利用效率西瓜滴灌水肥制度优化
Authors:Li, Jianming (1); Yu, Xuemei (1); Wang, Xuewei (1); Zhang, Junwei (1); Jiao, Xiaocong (1); Huang, Qian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:75-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve yield, quality, irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity of watermelon, a precise management of water and fertilizer is necessary to enhance its production under greenhouse. In this experiment, drip irrigation method was used in loam soil of Guanzhong, China. The experiment was designed as a two-factor factorial with orthogonal rotation combination. The irrigation amount consisted of 0.49, 0.55, 0.70, 0.85, and 0.91 times the watermelon evapotranspiration, and the fertilizer application rate was 0.50, 0.65, 1.00, 1.35, and 1.50 times the fertilizer application rate calculated by target yield method. There were a total of 16 treatments and each replicated three times. The weight of each index was calculated by subjective analytic hierarchy process, objective entropy weight method and combined weighting method based on game theory. A comprehensive evaluation model was established by analyzing the effect of drip fertilization on the comprehensive evaluation value through approximate ideal method. The results showed that the largest fruit cross and longitudinal section diameter (17.80 and 18.50 cm), the lower sugar content and total vitamin C content (1.18% and 12.56 mg/g) and yield (48 901.04 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) were observed in the treatment with irrigation level of 0.70 times the evapotranspiration of watermelon and the fertilization level of 1.00 times the target yield. The smallest fruit cross and longitudinal sections diameter (15.29 and 15.14 cm) were obtained in the treatment of irrigation with 0.85 times the evapotranspiration and fertilization with 0.65 times the target yield. The lowest yield (30 171.88 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) was observed in the treatment of irrigation with 0.70 times evapotranspiration and fertilization with 0.50 times the target yield. Irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity showed a downward trend with the increase of irrigation and fertilizer levels. The highest irrigation water use efficiency was in the treatment of irrigation with 0.49 times evapotranspiration and fertilization with 1.00 times the target yield. The highest fertilizer partial productivity was in the treatment of irrigation with 0.55 times evapotranspiration and fertilization with 0.65 times the target yield. The comprehensive evaluation indexes of watermelon revealed a downward parabolic graph in relation to irrigation and fertilization levels. When the irrigation amount was constant, the comprehensive evaluation indexes increased and then decreased with the increase of fertilization level. Moreover, a similar trend was observed with changing irrigation level under constant fertilization level The highest comprehensive evaluation indexes of watermelon (0.74) were obtained in the irrigation level at 0.73 times the evapotranspiration of watermelon and the fertilization level at 1.03 times the target yield. In addition, the irrigation and fertilization levels synergistically affected the comprehensive evaluation indexes of watermelon. The comprehensive evaluation indexes were high for the treatment of higher irrigation with higher fertilization level and lower irrigation level with lower fertilization level. The effect of irrigation level on the comprehensive evaluation indexes of watermelon was larger than that of fertilization. Thus, irrigation level at 0.73 times the evapotranspiration of watermelon and fertilization at 1.03 times the target yield were recommend for the drip fertilization of watermelons in Guanzhong soil where the water and fertilizer resources are relatively abundant. In areas where water resources are relatively scarce, the fertilization level should be appropriately decreased.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Water supply
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Fertilizers - Fruits - Game theory - Productivity - Soils - Subirrigation - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive evaluation model - Entropy weight method - Fertilizer applications - Irrigation and fertilizers - Irrigation water use efficiency - Longitudinal section - Water use efficiency
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.18e+00%, Size 1.51e-01m, Size 1.53e-01m, Size 1.78e-01m, Size 1.85e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20202708884226
Title:Field performance test and analysis of the cleaning sieve of soybean harvesters
Title of translation:大豆机收清选筛田间性能试验与分析
Authors:Liu, Peng (1); Jin, Chengqian (1, 2); Ning, Xinjie (1); Ni, Youliang (2); Wang, Ting'en (1); Yin, Xiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210000, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Chengqian(412114402@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of the current situation that the cleaning sieve of the grain combine harvester is less applicable to soybean cleaning and the field performance test of soybean mechanical harvest is less, field performance tests of cleaning sieve of soybean harvest were conducted. We selected PRO688D as the field performance test machine and suike 20 as the soybean test variety. According to the preliminary experiments, researches of soybean combine harvester, the types and parameters of cleaning sieve which included upper, lower and tail sieve were determined. Selected conventional fish scale sieve, lengthened fish scale sieve, misplaced fish eye sieve, linear fish eye sieve and shell sieve as upper sieve, mesh sieve, round hole sieve and hexagonal hole sieve as lower sieve, and fish scale tail sieve and grid tail sieve as tail sieve. The vertical distance between two adjacent parallel sieves in the fish scale sieve is taken as the sieve plate opening of the fish scale sieve, and they were set as 26 mm, 28 mm and 30 mm. The cleaning loss rate and impurity rate during the field operation of the soybean combine harvester were used as the evaluation indexes of the soybean cleaning operation. Then, the field performance tests of cleaning soybean were carried out, and the data of the field performance test were analyzed and evaluated with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The optimization of the combination of sieve plate opening of fish scale sieves, upper sieves, lower sieves, tail sieves and cleaning sieves in the applicability of soybean harvesting was completed. The evaluation of cleaning operation level of different sieve plate opening of fish scale sieve showed that the cleaning operation level of fish scale sieve to soybean was the highest when sieve plate opening was 28mm. That is to say, when sieve plate opening was 28mm, the cleaning applicability of fish scale sieve to soybean was the best. The evaluations of the cleaning operation level of different tail sieve, upper sieve, lower sieve and combinations of cleaning sieve were conducted, the results of the cleaning applicability of different cleaning sieve to soybean were as follows: grid tail sieve was better than fish scale tail sieve; shell sieve and hexagonal hole sieve were the upper sieve and lower sieve with the best applicability for soybean machine cleaning. The highest level of cleaning sieves combination was that upper, lower and tail sieve were shell sieve, hexagonal hole sieve and fish scale tail sieve respectively. Cleaning sieve combination has the best cleaning applicability to soybean under the combination of shell sieve, hexagonal hole sieve and fish scale tail sieve. At this time, the cleaning loss rate of field performance test was 2.04%, and the impact rate was 0.53%. The results showed that the application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to comprehensive evaluation of cleaning loss rate and impurity rate of different cleaning sieves and optimization of cleaning operation level could effectively improve the cleaning applicability of grain combine harvester to soybean. This study can provide the practical basis for solving the problem of low applicability of cleaning sieve to soybean, promote the field test and research on reducing cleaning loss rate and impurity rate of soybean combine harvester, and supply references for the research and development of cleaning device for soybean combine harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Sieves
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Combines - Fuzzy set theory - Harvesters - Harvesting - Shells (structures)
Uncontrolled terms:Cleaning operations - Combine harvesters - Comprehensive evaluation - Current situation - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Mechanical harvest - Research and development - Soybean harvester
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.04e+00%, Percentage 5.30e-01%, Size 2.60e-02m, Size 2.80e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20202708884288
Title:Image-based assessment of growth vigor for Phalaenopsis aphrodite seedlings using convolutional neural network
Title of translation:基于图像和卷积神经网络的蝴蝶兰种苗生长势评估
Authors:Zhu, Fengle (1); Zheng, Zengwei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Intelligent Plant Factory of Zhejiang Province Engineering Lab, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou; 310015, China; (2) School of Computer & Computing Science, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou; 310015, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zengwei(zhengzw@zucc.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:185-194
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the Phalaenopsis industry, the growth vigor of seedlings when reaching their minimum growth time of vegetative cultivation plays an important role in the subsequent production chain and the final economic profits. The current manual assessment taking place in the commercial large-scale greenhouse is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Related studies based on RGB image for plant growth assessment relied on extracting hand-crafted features from images, affecting the effectiveness and generalization ability of machine learning models. In this study, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was employed to explore its feasibility in assessing the growth vigor of Phalaenopsis aphrodite seedlings grown in the greenhouse in an end-to-end manner. Seedling images were collected in the greenhouse conditions with complex image background. Baseline models on the greenhouse dataset were established using different CNN architectures (VGG, ResNet, Inception-v3) coupled with various training mechanisms (training from scratch, fine-tuning, feature extraction), in which fine-tuning achieved the best classification results. Considering the target task of morphological classification for individual greenhouse seedlings with complex image background, to further boost model performance, additional seedlings images were acquired in controlled laboratory conditions. The segmented laboratory images were used to assist in model learning, namely building the augmented models. Two approaches were adopted, achieving an overall improvement in the testing F1-score of 0.03-0.05 compared with baseline models. The VGG model with augmentation method II achieved the highest performance in this study (F1-score of 0.997 on the test set), its feature maps were also visualized. In higher-level feature maps, regions of the target seedling were activated while filtering out most background including leaves from adjacent seedlings, proving the effective morphology characterizing using CNN for greenhouse seedlings. The overall results demonstrated the potential of deep learning models for image-based assessment of growth vigor for Phalaenopsis aphrodite seedlings and maybe other kinds of plants in greenhouse conditions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Complex networks - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Deep learning - Greenhouses - Plant life extension - Plants (botany) - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Augmentation methods - Classification results - Controlled laboratories - Generalization ability - Greenhouse conditions - Machine learning models - Model performance - Morphological classifications
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.021
Funding details: Number: LGN20F020003, Acronym: -, Sponsor: Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province;
Funding text:Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (LGN20F020003).
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20202708884314
Title:Effects of ejection-permeation ratio in fiber duct on the characteristics of air flow field in cold storage
Title of translation:纤维风管喷射渗透比对冷藏库内流场特性的影响
Authors:Nan, Xiaohong (1); Wei, Gaoliang (1); Zhao, Ximei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an; 710055, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:300-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fiber duct is widely used to cold store due to its characteristics of uniform air supply. However, the storage environment mainly depends on the proportion of air supply ejected from the duct orifice and that of fiber permeation, called ejection-permeation ratio. Taking a 50t apple cold store in Xi’an as the research object, this study aims to determine an optimal ejection-permeation ratio in the fiber duct of the air dispersion system for the storage environment. In the case of fiber duct, five ejection-permeation ratios (only ejection air supply, 3: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2 and only permeation air supply) were used to simulate the velocity and temperature field in the cold store using CFD (computational fluid dynamics) technology. A 3D (three-dimensional) steady numerical model was established to simulate the air flow and heat transfer in three modes of air cooler (fiber air dispersion system)-cargo-storage air environment. The apple storage zone was assumed as porous medium. SIMPLE algorithm and k-Εtwo-equation model were used to solve the governing equation. Five types of grid quantity in structural grid division were selected to obtain the independent computing of grids in the cold storage model. Specifically, the calculating result cannot depend on the number of grids, when the number of grids was finally determined to be 1.96 million. In terms of the reliability and verification of the model, the axial velocity of the air supply from jets under the ejection-permeation ratio of 3: 1 was selected to compare with the velocity attenuation formula of plane jet in previous theoretical analysis. Finally, it is concluded that the simulation results are similar to those calculated by the formula with an average relative error of 11.89%, indicating the reliability of the numerical model. Numerical simulation results show that: when the cooling capacity of the fan was set as a constant, the average velocity of the air areas in the cold store decreased linearly, while the velocity uniformity increased gradually with the decrease of the ejection-permeation ratio. Compared with the pure ejection condition, the air supply mode using fiber duct combined with ejection and permeation can better meet the requirements of wind speed in the cold storage. With the decrease of the ejection-permeation ratio, the average temperature of the cargo area in the cold storage first decreased, then increased, and finally became stable, whereas, the temperature uniformity decreased gradually. This indicates that the ejection can serve as the main air supply, while the permeation as the auxiliary. The optimal velocity for apple storage in the cold store was less than 0.5 m/s when the ejection-permeation ratio was 3: 1. The average temperature in the cargo area was between 272.86-273.33 K, while the temperature range of (0±0.5)℃ was required for apple refrigeration, at the ejection-permeation ratio of 3: 1. Therefore, the air dispersion system can be design to use the air supply mode with ejection as the dominant and fiber permeation as the auxiliary in the cold storage of fruit and vegetable.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Computational fluid dynamics - Ducts - Fibers - Fruits - Gas dynamics - Heat transfer - Numerical models - Porous materials - Reliability analysis - Vegetables - Velocity - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:3-D (three-dimensional) - Average relative error - CFD (computational fluid dynamics) - Fruit and vegetables - Governing equations - Temperature uniformity - Velocity and temperature fields - Velocity attenuations
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.19e+01%, Temperature 2.73e+02K, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20202708883885
Title:Construction of county-level ecological security pattern based on ecological protection red line and network in China
Title of translation:基于生态保护红线和生态网络的县域生态安全格局构建
Authors:Tang, Feng (1, 2); Wang, Li (2, 3); Zhang, Pengtao (4); Fu, Meichen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (4) College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Fu, Meichen(fumeichen@cugb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:263-272
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Complex ecological environment has posed increasing challenges to protect the ecosystem in recent years. In China, an environmental strategy has been initiated, called "ecological protection red lines", to balance economic growth and environmental protection. An important part is to construct an ecological security pattern suitable for different regional conditions during territorial spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. This paper aims to promote the scientific implementation project of the ecological security pattern, and the overall improvement of the ecological environment quality. Taking Qinglong County as the study area, an ecological security pattern was established based on the survey data of land-use change in 2009 and 2016, remote sensing images and multi-year meteorological data. Three important functions were selected, including water resources conservation, soil conservation and biodiversity protection in the study area. In order to evaluate the importance of ecosystem service functions, the comprehensive index evaluation method was used to analyze the ecological sensitivity. Therefore, the ecological protection red line was delineated based on two evaluation results of ecosystem service function and ecological sensitivity. The ecological sources were identified during Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity assessment, while the ecological corridors were produced based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model and minimum cost path method. An image recognition method was used to identify ecological nodes and break points in landscape ecology for the conditions of the study areas. Consequently, the ecological network was established by using ecological sources, ecological corridors, ecological nodes, and ecological break points. After superimposing the ecological protection red line and network, the protection elements of ecological security were extracted to describe the target areas, and thereby to formulate protection measures. A complete ecological security pattern was finally constructed for the research area. The results showed that the total area of the ecological protection red line was 443.94 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 12.7% of the county area. This pattern mainly distributed in the state-owned forest farm areas in the southeast and northwest, and along the river system strip in the central area. The ecological network consisted of 11 ecological sources, 18 ecological corridors, 22 ecological nodes, and 34 ecological break points. The ecological sources were mainly distributed in the east and northwest border areas of the county, and parts of the central regions. The total length of the 18 ecological corridors was 334.22 km. The ecological security pattern of the study area included the protection elements of ecological security, target areas for security protection, and protection measures of ecological security. The protection elements of ecological security were related to the ecological protection red line, ecological sources, ecological corridors, stepping stone plaques, and ecological fracture points. The target areas of ecological security protection consisted of red line protection areas, biological migration rest areas, and biological migration channel areas. The protection measures of ecological security were specifically made for the typical target areas of ecological security protection. The research results can provide technical support and scientific basis for the formulation of territorial spatial planning and the construction, thereby to realize ecological restoration and protection at county level.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Network security
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Ecosystems - Environmental management - Function evaluation - Image recognition - Land use - Meteorology - Remote sensing - Soil conservation - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Biodiversity protection - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Ecological sensitivity - Ecosystem service functions - Implementation projects - Landscape connectivities - Morphological spatial pattern analyses (MSPA)
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.44e+08m2, Percentage 1.27e+01%, Size 3.34e+05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20202708883821
Title:Quality standard system of densified biomass fuels at home and abroad
Title of translation:国内外生物质成型燃料质量标准现状
Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Hao, Yanhui (2); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (3); Liu, Zhao (4); Liu, Tongli (2); Yuan, Yanwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering MARA, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, MARA, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (3) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) China Quality Certification Center, Beijing; 100120, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:245-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Densified biomass fuel is easy to use, clean and environmentally friendly, has high combustion efficiency, and is easy to store and transport. Densified biomass fuel can directly replace coal. It can be used as cooking fuel for rural residents, as well as for urban heating and power generation. It is one of the main directions for the utilization of biomass energy. Densified biomass fuel technology in Europe and the United States is at the forefront, the standard system is relatively complete, the product quality and certification system are mature, and a commercial market operation mode has been formed. The construction of China's densified biomass fuels standard system has achieved some initial results and 11 national standards and 38 industry standards have been formulated. However, compared with developed countries in Europe and the United States, the progress of standard setting is relatively slow, and there is still a certain gap between the systematicness and comprehensiveness of standards, which restricts the development of the industry to a certain extent. This article analyzes the current status of the domestic and international densified biomass fuels standard system and quality certification system, and improves the fuel storage and transportation links (such as: Fuel quality assurance, safe handling and storage, self-heating, bridging behavior of the bulk biofuels, etc.) and application links (such as: Combustion pollutant emissions) and other related standards. Compared with the ISO international standard, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of the quality of wood and non-wood densified biomass fuels and the quality classification requirements of various indicators, and proposes that the quality standards of densified biomass fuels in China need to be improved: It is recommended to be in line with international trade and improve the level of wood pellet fuel and secondary quality requirements; combined with the rich national conditions of domestic agricultural biomass resources, facing the domestic market, on the basis of meeting environmental protection and use requirements, supplement heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) and the ash melting point and other indicators are required to further revise and improve the existing caloric requirements of biomass forming fuels such as low calorific value, S, Cl, etc; to supplement the formulation of some index test method standards, such as fines, heavy extraneous materials larger than 3.15 mm, grind ability (thermally treated biomass fuels), the water soluble chloride, sodium, potassium, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, Zn. At the same time, compared with domestic coal quality standards, densified biomass fuels is an environmentally friendly fuel with low ash content, extremely low sulfur content, and extremely low levels of heavy metals such as arsenic and mercury. It is a good solid fuel to replace bulk coal. Finally, it is proposed to establish a national standard committee for biomass formed fuels. Urgently, it is necessary to formulate national standards for quality classification and pollutant emissions, and it is necessary to distinguish the fuel quality requirements of commercial, civil and industrial applications.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:59
Main heading:Fuel storage
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biofuels - Biomass - Chlorine compounds - Coal - Coal combustion - Heavy metals - Industrial emissions - International trade - Lead removal (water treatment) - Manganese removal (water treatment) - Pollution - Potassium chloride - Quality assurance - Quality control - Safe handling - Wood fuels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural biomass - Certification systems - Environmentally friendly fuels - High combustion efficiency - International standards - Quality certification - Quality classification - Storage and transportations
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 694.4 Storage - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.15e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20202708883854
Title:Effects of border irrigation and fertilization timing on soil nitrate nitrogen distribution and winter wheat yield
Title of translation:畦灌与施肥时机对土壤硝态氮分布和冬小麦产量的影响
Authors:Gu, Shaowei (1, 2); Gao, Jianmin (3); Deng, Zhong (1); Lyu, Mouchao (1); Liu, Jieyun (1); Zong, Jie (1); Qin, Jingtao (1); Fan, Xichao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (2) Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Tongyu River North Water Transmission Project Management Office, Lianyungang; 222000, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Mouchao(lvmouchao@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:134-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In border irrigation, an optimal pattern is necessary for high irrigation and fertilization uniformity, nitrogen storage efficiency and crops yield. This paper aims to explore the effects of different border specifications and fertilization methods on the distribution of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and the yield of winter wheat. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2017-2018 at the winter wheat season. Three experimental factors were selected, including the border width of field (1.5, 2.3, and 3.2 m), border length (40, 60, and 80 m) and the fertilization timing (first half liquid fertilizer application, second half liquid fertilizer application, full liquid fertilizer application). Three factors were set by orthogonal experiment design, and twelve treatments were established, including three traditional broadcasting fertilization as control treatments (border width of 1.5, 2.3 and 3.2 m at 80 m border length with spreading application). The content of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, the uniformity of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N distribution, nitrogen storage efficiency and winter wheat yield were measured in this study. The results showed that the concentrations of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N increased in different soil layers after irrigation, compared with those before irrigation, while soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N concentrations decreased with the increase of soil depth. In liquid application treatments, the accumulation of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N in the root layer was 0.27%-27.97% higher than that in the spreading application treatments. The border width, border length and fertilization timing all significantly determined the fertilization uniformity and storage efficiency of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N in border irrigation. In the wheat reviving stage, the contribution rate of border length to the uniformity of irrigation and fertilization was the maximum (91.64%), whereas the contribution rate of fertilization timing on nitrogen storage efficiency was the highest (44.2%). In the flowering stage, the border length and border width were the main factors that affected the uniformity of irrigation and fertilization, and the nitrogen storage efficiency, where the contribution rates were 92.67% and 53.6%, respectively, indicating that the border length dominated in this case. The uniformity of irrigation and fertilization under 60 m border length treatments was higher than that under 40 m and 80 m of border length treatments. The contribution rates of border width, border length, and fertilization timing to the crop yield were 37.2%, 37.3%, and 23.9%, respectively. The highest yield (7869.2 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) was achieved under the border width of 3.2 m, border length of 60 m and full liquid application treatment. The finding demonstrated that the liquid application can improve the distribution uniformity of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, and soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N accumulation in the root layer of winter wheat, while avoid soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N leaching. The optimal treatment mode can be the combination of 3.2 m border width, 60 m border length and full liquid fertilizer application for the uniformity and accumulation of soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, as well crop yield. The results of this study can offer a theoretical basis to select border dimensions and fertilization timing for the winter wheat in North China Plain.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Crops - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Liquids - Soils - Timing circuits
Uncontrolled terms:Contribution rate - Control treatments - Distribution uniformity - Experimental factors - Liquid fertilizers - Orthogonal experiment design - Storage efficiency - Winter wheat yields
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 713.4 Pulse Circuits - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.39e+01%, Percentage 2.70e-01% to 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.72e+01%, Percentage 3.73e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 9.16e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Size 2.30e+00m, Size 3.20e+00m, Size 4.00e+01m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 8.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20202708884167
Title:Classification of pig sounds based on deep neural network
Title of translation:基于深层神经网络的猪声音分类
Authors:Cang, Yan (1); Luo, Shunyuan (1); Qiao, Yulong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin; 150001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:195-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pig sounds reflect the stress and health status of pigs, also it is the most easily collected biomarker through non-contact methods. To improve the classification accuracy of pig sound signals, this study used the spectrogram to visualize the time-frequency characteristics, and combined with the deep neural network classification model. Four contents were discussed as followed: 1) The sound data set was constructed. According to the different sound signals, the pig's behavior could be recognized by the classification network. When the pig was in normal statuses, the pig sounds were called as grunts. If the pig was in frightened statuses, such as injected or chased, pig sounds were defined as screams. Before the feeding, when pigs see the food, pigs made long irritable sounds. The sounds were called as howls of hunger. All pig sounds were collected on-farm by the sound collection box. On the farm, a laptop was used as a host computer to display all the working parameters of the collection box. The data transmission and storage scheme adopted the Client/Server architecture. Besides, the worker labeled sounds, according to the behavior. 2) Spectrograms of different sounds built up the training and test dataset of the image recognition network. The pig sound was a stationary signal in short time duration, therefore, continuously calculating the frequency spectrum of the sound signal in the vicinity of the selected instant of time gave rise to a time-frequency spectrum. The study discussed the optimal spectrogram parameters, which were suitable for the structure of the deep neural network. Experiment results showed that the segment length of the pig sounds was 256 samples and the overlap was 128 samples, the classification accuracy of the deep neural network was highest. The spectrogram optimization experiment results showed that the recognition accuracy was improved by 1.8%. 3) The deep neural network was designed. The study used the MobileNetV2 network to achieve recognition, which was based on an inverted residual structure where the shortcut connections were between the thin bottleneck layers. Aiming to the portable platform in the real application, the width factor and the resolution factor were introduced to define a smaller and more efficient architecture. Also, Adam optimizer formed an adequate substitute for the underlying RMSprop optimizer, and it made the loss function convergent faster. Adam optimizer calculated the adaptive parameter-learning rate based on the mean value of the first moment, making full use of the mean value of the second moment of the gradient. The result implied the width factor was chosen as 0.5, the accuracy was highest. 4) Compared experiments had been done. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Random Forest (RF), and Extra Trees (ET) algorithms were compared with the proposed pig sound recognition network. All algorithms were trained and tested on the same sound dataset. Specifically, the proposed algorithm increased the recognition accuracy of screams from 84.5% to 97.1%, and the accuracy of howls was increased from 86.1% to 97.5%. But the recognition accuracy of grunts was decreased from 100% to 97.3%. This was caused by the difference in the principle of different recognition algorithms. Furthermore, through the experiments on the width factor and resolution factor, a smaller and more efficient model was defined based on the standard MobileNetV2 model, and the running speed of the model was significantly improved to meet the needs of practical applications, however, the accuracy remained. This study showed that the abnormal pig vocalization was related to abnormal behavior, so sound recognition could help to monitor behaviors. In the future, the abnormal behaviors combined the sound recognition and video analysis would be discussed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Deep neural networks
Controlled terms:Client server computer systems - Decision trees - Digital storage - Image recognition - Mammals - mHealth - Network architecture - Neural networks - Spectrographs - Spectroscopy - Statistical tests - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Classification networks - Client/server architecture - Efficient architecture - Neural network classification - Recognition algorithm - Time frequency characteristics - Time-frequency spectrum
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02% to 9.73e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00%, Percentage 8.45e+01% to 9.71e+01%, Percentage 8.61e+01% to 9.75e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20202708884028
Title:Responses of yield and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated cucumber in greenhouse to water stress
Title of translation:温室滴灌黄瓜产量和水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应
Authors:Wu, Haimei (1); Yan, Haofang (1); Zhang, Chuan (2); Huang, Song (1); Joe, Sam Acquah (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Haofang(yanhaofang@yahoo.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:84-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To optimize the drip irrigation schedule of greenhouse cucumber is of great significance for achieving efficient use of agricultural water, promoting high yields and quality of facility crops and improving farmers' living standards. The greenhouse cucumber was planted in 2017 (autumn-winter planting season) and 2018 (spring-summer planting season) in the Venlo-type greenhouse of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology of Jiangsu University. Irrigation treatments were designed based on the cumulative water surface evaporation of 20 cm standard pan and they included three irrigation levels of full irrigation (T1), light deficit irrigation (T2) and moderate deficit irrigation (T3). In the spring-summer season, the coefficients of evaporating pan were 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4 at the development stage of cucumber for the treatments of T1, T2 and T3, respectively and 1.2, 1.0 and 0.8 at the middle and later stages of cucumber for the treatments of T1, T2 and T3, respectively. In the autumn-winter season, the coefficients of evaporating pan were 0.9, 0.75 and 0.45 at the development stage of cucumber for the treatments of T1, T2 and T3, respectively and 1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 at the middle and later stages of cucumber for the treatments of T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Soil moisture, evapotranspiration, yield and water use efficiency were determined. Stem flow rate, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were also measured. The results showed that the cucumber yield and water use efficiency had a decreasing trend with the decrease of irrigation amount. Different degrees of water deficit had certain inhibitory effects on the evapotranspiration in different growth stages of cucumber. Water deficit at any growth stage of cucumber decreased the sap flow rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and decreased the accumulation of dry matter of cucumber. The average fruit weight, fruit stem diameter, fruit length and fruit number per plant decreased with the decrease of irrigation amount. The proportion of cucumber fruit malformation increased with the increase in water deficit at different growth stages. The response of yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency of greenhouse cucumber in different planting seasons to different irrigation amount showed that the yield of greenhouse cucumber for T1 treatment were higher than T2 and T3 treatments by 22.0% and 51.2% in the spring and summer planting seasons, respectively and by 54.2% and 73.9% in autumn and winter planting seasons, respectively. The evapotranspiration for T1 treatment was higher than T2 and T3 treatments by 17.4% and 34.9% in the spring and summer planting season, and by 24.0% and 48.0% in the autumn and winter planting seasons, respectively. The water use efficiency of T1 treatment was higher than T2 and T3 treatments by 5.5%and 25% in the spring and summer planting seasons and by 39.7% and 50.0% in the autumn and winter seasons, respectively. The irrigation scheme with 0.8 times the cumulative evaporation amount during the development stage and 1.2 times the cumulative evaporation amount during the middle and later stage was recommended for greenhouse cucumber cultivation. This study is of great significance for efficient use of agricultural irrigation water and the improvement of yield and quality of facility crops.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Evaporation - Evapotranspiration - Forestry - Fruits - Greenhouses - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Stages - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural equipment - Agricultural irrigation water - Different growth stages - Greenhouse cucumbers - Irrigation treatments - Photosynthetic rate - Stomatal conductance - Water use efficiency
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.74e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.49e+01%, Percentage 3.97e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.12e+01%, Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 7.39e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20202708883946
Title:Effects of oxygenated brackish water on light response characteristics and yield of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.)
Title of translation:增氧微咸水对小白菜光响应特征及产量的影响
Authors:Sun, Yan (1); Wang, Yichen (1); Wang, Quanjiu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Reqion of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Quanjiu(wquanjiu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:116-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In arid and semiarid areas, brackish water irrigation can be a great potential approach to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources in agriculture. However, the irrigation of agricultural land with brackish waters can also reduce crops production due to salt stress, while lead to soil degradation, such as secondary salinization. To accurately evaluate soil salinity, various methods have been developed to safely utilize brackish water for farmland irrigation system. The oxygenated treatment technology can be expected to improve the adverse effects of salt content on soil structure and crop growth, due to easy operation, low energy consumption, cost-saving, friendly environment and high efficiency. In this study, the pakchoi was taken as the research object under the combination of the brackish water irrigation and oxygenation technology. A mathematical model was proposed to investigate the impact of dissolved oxygen in brackish water on light-response characteristics and pakchoi yield under the condition of hydroponics. Four light-response models, including rectangular hyperbolic, non-rectangular hyperbolic, modified rectangular hyperbolic and exponential model, were used to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of pakchoi leaves. Five levels of dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured, 9.5 (CK), 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, 22.5mg/L. In the light-response model, the optimal parameters of the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained under the different dissolved oxygen concentration of brackish waters. The results showed that there was significant difference between the fitting light-response curves in four light-response models at the five levels of dissolved oxygen concentration in brackish water during the error tests. The optimal accuracy can be obtained in the non-rectangular hyperbolic model for all treatments. Specifically, the photosynthetic parameters indicated that the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P<inf>nmax</inf>), apparent quantum efficiency (α), and dark respiration rate (R<inf>d</inf>) under 18.5 mg/L treatment were significantly higher than those under other treatments. In 18.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen concentration, the net photosynthetic rate and fresh quality for the aboveground part of pakchoi were also significantly higher than those in other levels. Therefore, the 18.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen concentration can be optimal level for pakchoi cultivating with brackish water. The reason is that the dissolved oxygen in brackish water can enhance the shade tolerance and the ability to endure high light intensity of pakchoi, as well the available range of light intensity. In addition, the oxygenated treatment can also improve the physiological activity and efficient photosynthesis of pakchoi leaves, and thereby to achieve the high yield of pakchoi. The findings can provide a theoretical basis for the safe and efficient utilization of brackish water, while the alleviation of oxygen stress in crop roots for brackish water irrigation in arid areas.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biochemical oxygen demand - Crops - Curve fitting - Dissolution - Energy utilization - Irrigation - Soils - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Light response modeling - Net photosynthetic rate - Photosynthetic characteristics - Photosynthetic parameters - Physiological activity - Treatment technologies
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.85e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.25e-02kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20202708884223
Title:Characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution of precipitation, water requirement and drought for summer maize growth period in Heilonggang Basin
Title of translation:黑龙港流域夏玉米生育期降水, 需水和干旱时空分布特征
Authors:Wei, Zhongbo (1); Bian, Dahong (1); Du, Xiong (1); Raj, Pushpa (1); Cui, Yanhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Hebei Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding; Hebei; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Yanhong(cyh@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:124-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The severe over-exploitation of groundwater led to the problems of extreme water shortage and restricted irrigation in the Heilonggang Basin. Effective use of natural precipitation was one of the key approaches to solve the problem of water requirement for maize production in the Heilonggang Basin. The objective of this study was to analyze spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of effective precipitation and water requirement for maize production and define the water deficit region. Daily meteorological data from 18 surface meteorology stations from 1966 to 2015 were collected and phenological data of summer maize in 5 typical regions of the Heilonggang Basin were observed. The calculated index included effective precipitation, water requirement, the Crop Water Deficit Index (CWDI), the frequency of drought, and the correlation between water demand and meteorological factors during the maize whole growing period and 4 important stages. The water requirement of maize was estimated by using the Penman-Monteith equation of the Food and Agriculture Organization and crop coefficient method, and the crop coefficient of summer maize was identified by previous research of Hebei Province. The spatial distribution and evolution trend of drought for summer maize in different growth stages were analyzed by using the CWDI. Furthermore, analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the all calculated index in the whole growing period and each growth stage of maize was drew by the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method of ArcGIS. The results showed that the range of annual effective precipitation in the summer maize growth period was from 292.89 mm to 361.56 mm, an average of the whole growth period was 326.46 mm, and the spatial distribution of effective precipitation during the whole growth period was showed a trend of 'high in northeast and low in the southwest'. The annual average water requirement for maize ranged from 362.82 mm to 444.04 mm with an average of 395.45 mm during the whole growing period, and the spatial distribution of water requirement showed a trend of 'higher in the south and lower in the north'. Total effective precipitation and water requirement during the whole growth period showed a downward trend year by year, and the climate tendency rates were -11.76 mm/10a and -6.26 mm/10a, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the reduction in water requirement was related to a significant reduction in average sunshine hours and average wind speed. In the past 50 years, the drought frequency of summer maize during the whole growth period in the Heilonggang Basin was 48.30%. Among them, the proportion of drought-prone years of all the 4 growth stages were more than 33.3% in the southern regions and more than 66.6% during the kernel formation stage and grain filling stage both in the central and northern regions. The values of CWDI were less than 0.35 from the seedling stage to the ear developing stage and the water deficit regions were mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions. The average values of CWDI during the kernel formation stage and the grain filling stage were 0.49 and 0.41 respectively. The southern region of the Heilonggang basin was prone to light drought during the kernel development stage. The kernel formation stage and the grain filling stage were prone to occur drought in central and northern regions of the Heilonggang Basin, and the highest drought level reached moderate drought. Hybrid cultivars with higher drought resistance, shortened growth period and a higher rate of grain filling were recommended in the Heilonggang Basin to improve the drought resistance of summer maize, and soil water supply capacity could be increased through techniques such as subsoiling and straw-returning. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the efficient use of precipitation resources for summer maize in the Heilonggang Basin.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Crops - Cultivation - Drought - Filling - Groundwater - Inverse problems - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution - Water supply - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Different growth stages - Food and agriculture organizations - Inverse distance weighted - Meteorological factors - Penman-Monteith equations - Precipitation resources - Spatial-temporal distribution - Temporal and spatial distribution
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+01yr, Percentage 3.33e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+01%, Percentage 6.66e+01%, Size 2.93e-01m to 3.62e-01m, Size 3.26e-01m, Size 3.63e-01m to 4.44e-01m, Size 3.95e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20202708883776
Title:Effects of different processing on allergenicity of wheat gliadin in non-fermented dough
Title of translation:加工方式对非发酵面团小麦醇溶蛋白致敏性的影响
Authors:Wang, Na (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); Meng, Lijun (1, 3, 4, 5); Huang, Zhongmin (1, 3); Ai, Zhilu (1, 3); Cui, Chenxu (1, 3, 4); Zhang, Gaiping (2, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Bulk Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (4) Zhengzhou Nutrition and Health Food Laboratory, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (5) Key Laboratory of Animal Immunity, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Gaiping(zhanggaiping@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Food allergy has become a major public health and food safety issue concerned by the world. In the world, 0.2% -0.9% of adults and 0.4%-1.3% of children suffer from wheat allergy, which seriously affects the lives of allergic patients. The structure of food allergens can be changed by processing, which maight affect their allergenicities. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the influence of different processing on the allergenicity of gliadin in non-fermented dough. Here non-fermented dough were treated by different processing such as thermal processing (boiled, baked, microwave, high temperature and high pressure), cold treatments (liquid nitrogen, quick freezing machine) and non-thermal processing (static ultrahigh pressure, irradiation, pulsed light, ozone and ultrasonic). The molecular weight and the allergenity of wheat gliadin in non-fermented dough after various processing were determined by SDS-PAGE and the double antibody sandwich ELISA. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis results showed that the molecular weight of wheat gliadin in non-fermented dough changed significantly after boiled, baked or high temperature and high pressure treatment. The results of Sandwich ELISA showed that when the holding pressure temperature was 35℃ and the holding time was 20 min, the non-fermented dough wheat gliadin was treated with 100 -300 MPa ultra-high static pressure, its allergenicity increased first, then decreased, and then increased again, of which its allergenicity significantly decreased to 80.94% when treated at 250 MPa, and significantly increased to 127.27% or 128.17% when treated at 200 or 300 MPa, respectively, indicating that ultra-high static pressure treatment has a allergenicity increasing effect of gliadin in non-fermented dough; Irradiation treatment with γ-<sup>60</sup>Co at a dose of 1-15 kGy resulted in the allergenicity of gliadin in non-fermented dough decreased first, then increased and then decreased again, at 7, 13 kGy, the allergenicity decreased to 72.32% or 84.03%, respectively; The allergenicity of non-fermented dough wheat gliadin was significantly reduced after these hot, cold and non-heat processing treatments (P<0.05). After 2 hours of 500-watt ultrasonic treatment, its allergenicity was reduced to 90.23%; after Microwave, Quick-freezer, Pulsed light, or Baked treatment, it was reduced to 85.36%, 79.49%, 79.08% or 76.69%, respectively. Among them, the most significant (P<0.01) reduction in allergy was observed after Boiled, High temperature and high pressure, Liquid nitrogen, Ozone and Pulsed light (PL-1) treatment, and all of which decreased to about 60%, and ranked following by Boiled> Ozone fumigation 30 min (O<inf>3</inf>-1)> Liquid nitrogen> Pulsed glare 1 (PL-1)> High temperature and high pressure> Ozone fumigation for 60 min (O<inf>3</inf>-2). In short, the processing modes can significantly affect the allergenicity of non-fermented dough wheat gliadin, which can be used as an effective method for the safety control of food allergens and provide an effective reference for the production of desensitized food. At the same time, people's daily diet can be healthier by choosing a suitable processing method, especially for wheat susceptible people. Of course, the influence of different processing methods on the decreasing allergenicity of non-fermented dough wheat gliadin need to be further validated in combination with other in vivo experiments and especially the clinical trials of wheat susceptible people.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Processing
Controlled terms:Allergens - Allergies - Bakeries - Electrophoresis - Food safety - Freezing - Fumigation - Heat treatment - Irradiation - Liquefied gases - Liquid nitrogen - Microwave irradiation - Molecular weight - Ozone
Uncontrolled terms:High temperature and high pressure - In-vivo experiments - Increasing effect - Irradiation treatment - Non-thermal processing - Sds-page electrophoresis - Ultrahigh pressure - Ultrasonic treatments
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9.1 Immunology - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Absorbed_Dose 1.00e+03Gy to 1.50e+04Gy, Absorbed_Dose 1.30e+04Gy, Percentage 1.27e+02%, Percentage 1.28e+02%, Percentage 2.00e-01% to 9.00e-01%, Percentage 4.00e-01% to 1.30e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.23e+01%, Percentage 7.67e+01%, Percentage 7.91e+01%, Percentage 7.95e+01%, Percentage 8.09e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.54e+01%, Power 5.00e+02W, Pressure 1.00e+08Pa to 3.00e+08Pa, Pressure 2.50e+08Pa, Pressure 3.00e+08Pa, Time 1.20e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20202708884180
Title:Distribution uniformity of soil stress under compaction of tracked undercarriage
Title of translation:履带式行走机构压实作用下土壤应力分布均匀性分析
Authors:Ding, Zhao (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Ren, Lidong (2); Tang, Zhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Department of Environment, Ghent University, Ghent; 9000, Belgium
Corresponding author:Li, Yaoming(ymli@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:52-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tracked undercarriage is considered as a technical solution to reduce the soil compaction as compared to the tire due to its large contact area between track and soil. However, the interaction between track and soil is complex, resulting in uneven distributed stress at track/soil interface. Uneven distributed stress may reduce the ability that track decreases the soil compaction and will also lead to the increases of track sinkage depth, which may reduce the vehicle's traffic-ability. Therefore, we can better understanding of the soil compaction process with the help of investigating the distribution of soil stress beneath the tracked undercarriage. The objectives of this study were to estimate the distribution of soil vertical and horizontal stresses under the tracked undercarriage in the track length direction, and to investigate the effect of track tensions on the distribution of soil stress. The test was conducted on the sandy loam soil and combine harvester equipped with rubber tracks was used in the test. The rubber tracked undercarriage system is comprised of a front wheel and a rear wheel with two support wheels. During measurement, the harvester was unloaded and without its header. The soil stress was measured by embedding the pressure sensors under the centerline of the track at depth of 0.35m. In total four pressure sensors were installed: two sensors for vertical stress, and two sensors for horizontal stress (piston facing the vehicle's driving direction). A laser position sensor fixed on the ground was employed to track the positions of the axle of track wheels. Three repeated measurements were performed with different track tensions (i.e. 1.6×10<sup>4</sup>, 1.7×10<sup>4</sup>, and 1.8×10<sup>4</sup> kPa) at same traffic speed. The results showed that the measured vertical stress presented three peak points along the track length, with two peaks beneath each axle of track drive wheel and guide wheel, and one peak between two support wheels. The horizontal stress presented two peaks before and after each wheel axle, with the minimum stress on the axle. Moreover, the magnitude of soil stress beneath each of track wheel were different, with the largest vertical stress beneath the guide wheel, and the largest horizontal stress between guide wheel and rear support wheel. The maximum stress and mean maximum stress under the track were decreased with the decreasing of track tension, when the track tension was reduced from 1.8 × 104 kPa to 1.6 × 104 kPa, the maximum vertical and horizontal stresses were reduced by 37.3% and 21.7% respectively, and the mean maximum vertical and horizontal stresses were reduced by 26.4% and 20.4% respectively, which indicated that decreasing the track tension could improve the uniformity of the soil stress. However, too small track tension will lead to relaxation of track, resulting in track failure and affecting the ride comfort of the vehicle. Therefore, it has limitations in improving the uniformity of stress by reducing track tension. Some other methods, such as optimizing the configuration of track wheels along the track length, may also improve the uniformity of the soil stress under the tracked undercarriage. More investigation about the effect of track wheel configuration on the soil stress distribution is needed in the future work. This study can provide preliminary guidance on optimizing the structure of tracked undercarriage to improve the uniformity of soil stress.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Axles - Compaction - Harvesters - Pressure sensors - Rubber - Soil mechanics - Vehicles - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Distribution uniformity - Horizontal stress - Position sensors - Repeated measurements - Sandy loam soils - Technical solutions - Vertical stress
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 3.73e+01%, Pressure 1.04e+05Pa, Size 3.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20202708884186
Title:Effects of water and N-fertilizer supplies on the distribution and use efficiency of water and nitrogen of drip-irrigated tomato in greenhouse
Title of translation:水氮供应对温室滴灌番茄水氮分布及利用效率的影响
Authors:Zhang, Xinyan (1); Wang, Haoxiang (1); Niu, Wenquan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:106-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study explored the optimal mode of drip fertigation system of tomato in greenhouse in Yangling, China (109°06'E, 36°18'N). Three factors with three levels each were considered including drip irrigation pipeline layout, fertilizer-N application rate and irrigation amount. Three pipeline layout included single-plant row, two-plant row and three-plant row of one pipeline. Three irrigation amounts were 50%ET<inf>0</inf>, 70%ET<inf>0</inf> and 90%ET<inf>0</inf> (potential evapotranspiration) and ET<inf>0</inf> was calculated based on Penman-Monteith modifier formula. Three fertilizer-N amounts were 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The experiment was carried out in 2018 following the orthogonal test design. During the experiment, soil moisture content and nitrate nitrogen content were determined. Water use efficiency and fertilizer utilization efficiency were calculated. The results showed that the drip irrigation pipeline layout, irrigation amount and fertilizer-N amount had different effects on soil moisture content distribution, nitrate nitrogen, tomato yield and water use efficiency and nitrogen utilization efficiency of greenhouse tomato. The distribution of soil water content in different drip irrigation pipeline layout was basically the same, the water content of the surface layer (0-20 cm) was lower and higher in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. The soil water content below 40 cm depth was decreased. The soil moisture content was low in the area far from the emitter but high in the area around the emitter. The moisture content distributions of single-plant row of one pipeline and two-plant row of one pipeline were much uniform than that of three-plant row of one pipeline. The soil nitrate nitrogen (NO<inf>3</inf>-N) content decreased generally with the soil depth, and the mean value of the nitrate nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer was greater than that at 30-60 cm. The maximum value of nitrate nitrogen content was 24.96 mg/kg in the 0-30 cm soil layer, and it was 16.71 mg/kg in the 30-60 cm soil layer. Under the same fertilizer-N treatment, the nitrate nitrogen content at the center of the test pit in the 0-30 cm soil layer was larger in the treatment of two-plant row of one pipeline mode than that in single-plant row and three-plant row of one pipeline. It would be conducive to the absorption and utilization of nitrogen by roots. The irrigation amount had an extremely significant effect on the yield of tomato. The fertilizer-N amounts had a significant effect on the yield. The tomato yield was not significantly different for the treatments of irrigation amount of 70%ET<inf>0</inf> and 90%ET<inf>0</inf>, and both treatments were significantly higher than that with the irrigation amount of 50%ET<inf>0</inf>. The irrigation amount and fertilizer-N application rate had significant effects on water use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity. The optimized mode of drip fertigation with high yield of tomato was two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET<inf>0</inf> and fertilizer-N application rate of 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Considering the high efficiency of irrigation water utilization and N-fertilizer partial factor productivity, the optimal combination mode of drip fertigation on tomato was two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET<inf>0</inf>, N-fertilizer amounts 180 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and two-plant row of one pipeline, irrigation amounts 70%ET<inf>0</inf> and N-fertilizer amounts 120kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The result can provide some technical guidance for the production practice of the greenhouse tomato drip fertigation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Pipelines
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Fruits - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Moisture determination - Nitrates - Nitrogen fertilizers - Productivity - Soil moisture - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Moisture content distribution - Nitrogen utilization efficiencies - Orthogonal test design - Partial factor productivity - Potential evapotranspiration - Tomato in greenhouse - Utilization efficiency - Water use efficiency
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20202708883886
Title:Inhibition of induced citrus peel disease-resistant components against Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii
Title of translation:毛霉诱导脐橙产抗病物质对指状青霉和酸腐菌的抑制
Authors:Xiong, Qi (1); Yang, Shuzhen (1); Cao, Zhengqing (1); Zhang, Meihong (1); Cheng, Yunjiang (2); Peng, Litao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Peng, Litao(penglt12@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:315-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Citrus are popular worldwide fruits due to the high nutritional value and special flavor, but they are easy to decay during storage and transportation, particularly on green mold, blue mold and sour rot. Alternatively, disease controlling methods are also necessary to protect from the bandage of synthetic chemical fungicides due to the health and environmental concerns. In a previous study, the fruits cannot decay when red pigment substances were accumulated in the fruit peels around wounding sites after inoculation with Actinomucor elegan, indicating the Citrus Peel Red-substances Extract (CPRE) has strong antifungal activity against Penicillium italicum. Here, this study aims to assess antifungal effects of the partially purified CPRE on Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, the casual agents for green mold and sour rot, respectively. To further explore the possible inhibition mechanism of the substance against the pathogens, the damage on cell wall was evaluated by chitin content and distribution, and leakage of alkaline phosphatase, while the interferences on cell membrane were investigated to assess membrane integrity, release of proteins and nucleic acids, extracellular electronic conductivities and contents of lipids in the hyphae cells of both paghogens. The results showed that at the concentration of 50 to 200 μg/mL, CPRE exhibited strong inhibitory effects on spore germinations, elongations of germ tubes, and mycelia growth of P. digitatum and G. citri-aurantii, in a concentration dependent manner, with the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 200 μg/mL for both pathogens. Calcofluor white staining, an agent which specifically binds to chitin exposed, revealed that the chitin distribution and cell wall integrities of the hyphae of both pathogens were markedly interfered when incubated with CDPC at 1/2 MIC for 24 hours. CPRE treatments also made chitin contents decrease by 30.29%, 52.64%, and accelerate the release of alkaline phosphatase in the mycelia of both pathogens, indicating that cell wall structures and functions were disturbed by the active components in CPRE. Furthermore, membranes of the hyphae cells of both pathogens can be deteriorated after CPRE treatments at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, as indicated by propidium iodide staining, which emits red fluorescence when entered into dead cells and bind with nucleic acids. The extracellular electronic conductive of the hyphae cells of both pathogens increased significantly after 6 hours of incubation with CPRE within the concentrations tested, indicating that the metal ion balance was disrupted in the treated cells. There were significant differences in leakages of soluble proteins and nucleic acids from hyphae cells with CPRE treatments, showing a consistence with that of extracellular conductivity assays. Moreover, CPRE treatments reduced the total contents of cell lipid in hyphae of both pathogens. These results demonstrated that CPRE can effectively inhibit both pathogens by damaging or interfering with the cell membranes and cell walls of the hyphae. The powerful antifuangal effects of CPRE against P. digitatum and G. citri-aurantii can offer the great potential application prospects in control of postharvest decay of citrus fruits, and futher provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural products with antifungal effects.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Cytology
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Antifungal agents - Biomolecules - Cells - Chitin - Citrus fruits - Fungi - Metal ions - Metals - Microwave integrated circuits - Molds - Nucleic acids - Pathogens - Phosphatases
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-fungal activity - Concentration-dependent manners - Electronic conductivity - Environmental concerns - Inhibition mechanisms - Minimal inhibitory concentration - Penicillium digitatum - Storage and transportations
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 531.1 Metallurgy - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3 to 2.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 5.26e+01%, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20202708883846
Title:Design and test of sawtooth fertilizer block crushing blade of organic fertilizer deep applicator
Title of translation:有机肥深施机肥块破碎刀设计与试验
Authors:Yuan, Quanchun (1); Xu, Liming (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Niu, Cong (1); Wang, Shuoshuo (1); Yuan, Xunteng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:44-51
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper presents the design of a device for crushing caked fertilizer for the deep applicator of organic fertilizer. It is a kind of toothed crushing blade. The process of designing this device combines the simulation test and the physical test. In the EDEM software, Hertz-Mindlin contact model and the bonding model were selected to establish the bonding model of the caked fertilizer crushing blade. To replicate the mechanical properties of the actual blade in the bonding model of the caked fertilizer crushing blade, a uniaxial compression test was carried out to calibrate the bonding parameters, and the regression equation of maximum force, displacement and bonding parameters of caked fertilizer were obtained. Aiming at the maximum force and displacement value obtained from the uniaxial compression physical test, the multi-objective genetic algorithm available in the optimization toolbox of MATLAB software was used to optimize the bonding parameter, and the optimal combination obtained was that the unit normal stiffness was 5.80×10<sup>8</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup>, the unishear stiffness was 3.50×10<sup>8</sup> N/m<sup>3</sup>, the critical normal stress was 3.29 MPa, the critical shear stress was 2.92 MPa, and the bonding radius was 1.26 mm. The simulation model of a single caked fertilizer crushing blade was established, through the single factor simulation test, the influences of the rotating speed, sliding cutting angle, edge angle, tooth width and tooth height of the crushing blade at the maximum value of three-way resistance, resultant force and the crushing rate of caked fertilizer were analyzed. Taking the ratio of the maximum resistance of the crushing blade to the crushing rate as the evaluation index, the uniform design simulation test was carried out. Regression analysis was carried out on the test data, and the regression equation between the evaluation index and the crushing blade parameters was obtained. The genetic algorithm in MATLAB software optimization toolbox was used to obtain the optimal combination of the crushing blade parameters. The optimal combination of the crushing blade parameters was that the rotating speed of the crushing blade was 300 r/min, the sliding cutting angle was 8°, the edge angle was 50°, the tooth width was 3.9 mm and the tooth height was 2 mm. The simulation verification test was carried out based on the optimization results. The results showed that the maximum resistance to the blade was 74.59 N, the crushing rate was 25.63%, and the ratio of the maximum resistance of the crushing blade to the crushing rate was 291.03 N. According to the optimized results, the fertilizer crushing blade was processed, and the physical test was carried out on the fertilizer crushing device powered by BMM-50 hydraulic motor. At the same time, the oil inlet pressure of the motor was measured by the oil pressure sensor to evaluate the energy consumption. After crushing, the particle size distribution was determined to evaluate the crushing quality. The results showed that the average oil pressure for crushing was less than 2.44 MPa, and the average energy consumption required for crushing was less than 480 W, the particle size of the fertilizer was less than 20 mm. The blade has low energy consumption and high crushing rate and can be used for the caked fertilizer crushing operation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crushing
Controlled terms:Applicators - Compression testing - Design - Energy utilization - Fertilizers - Genetic algorithms - Hydraulic motors - MATLAB - Parameter estimation - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Quality control - Regression analysis - Rotating machinery - Shear stress - Software testing - Stiffness
Uncontrolled terms:Critical shear stress - Low energy consumption - Multi-objective genetic algorithm - Optimization toolbox - Simulation verification - Sliding cutting angles - Uni-axial compression - Uni-axial compression tests
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.91e+02N, Force 7.46e+01N, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Power 4.80e+02W, Pressure 2.44e+06Pa, Pressure 2.92e+06Pa, Pressure 3.29e+06Pa, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM, Size 1.26e-03m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 3.90e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20202708883988
Title:Daily reference evapotranspiration and meteorological drought forecast using high-dimensional Copula joint distribution model
Title of translation:基于高维Copula函数的逐日潜在蒸散量及气象干旱预测
Authors:Gu, Shixiang (1, 2); Zhao, Zhong (1); Chen, Jing (1, 2); Chen, Jinming (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Liudong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Saving and Emission Reduction in Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650021, China; (2) Yunnan Institute for Investigation. Design and Research of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering, Kunming; 650021, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:143-151
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A high-dimensional copula function was introduced to construct the joint distribution of meteorological factors that affected by reference evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>). Specifically, an attempt was made to reveal the correlation structure between different variables in copula function, thereby to establish the joint distribution model of multiple meteorological factors on daily ET<inf>0</inf> prediction, and finally to analyze short-term drought level. Daily observation data were collected from Dali meteorological station in Erhai watershed from 1954 to 2018. FAO Penman Monteith equation was used to calculate the standard ET<inf>0</inf> value for the assessment of forecast precision. T-T<inf>max</inf> two-dimensional normal copula function model was used to predict daily ET<inf>0</inf> after screening a variety of meteorological factor datasets. The systematic error appeared between January to April was necessary to be corrected, otherwise it can make the predicted value relatively smaller than the standard ET<inf>0</inf>. The empirical correction function with error curve was used for the daily ET<inf>0</inf> forecast model, to improve the prediction accuracy, thereby to realize the real-time prediction in irrigated region. The results show that: 1) When combining two meteorological factors of T-T<inf>max</inf>, the two-dimensional normal copula model can achieve the highest prediction accuracy for daily ET<inf>0</inf>, 71.6%, 84.4%, 91.4% and 96.5%, under the relative errors less than 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. The annual compliance index IA range was 0.98- 0.99, the average deviation, ME, was 0.17-0.30, the root of mean square error, RMSE, was 0.54-0.64, and the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was 0.90-0.98. 2) The daily ET<inf>0</inf> prediction method was applied to the prediction and evaluation of daily meteorological drought, taking the daily SPEI index as an example. The correlation coefficient between the prediction value of daily SPEI index and the actual value was 0.95- 0.99, ME was -0.10-0.35, RMSE was 0.20-0.30, IA was 0.97-0.98, NSE was 0.91-0.97, respectively. In the season with more precipitation, the accuracy of Copula function model was higher, and the error parameters of daily SPEI prediction were better, than that of daily ET<inf>0</inf> prediction. 3) From the extremely wet year to the extremely dry year, the proportion of humid and light drought days decreased from 81.3% to 46.0%, the proportion of medium drought days increased from 10.7% to 27.9%, and the proportion of heavy drought and extreme drought days increased from 8.2% to 26.2%. In the five typical years of annual precipitation frequency, P= 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95%, the relative deviation of heavy and extremely drought frequency was 1.5% between the predicted ET<inf>0</inf> and actual ET<inf>0</inf>, while reached 1.2% after corrected daily ET<inf>0</inf> prediction and actual ET<inf>0</inf>, to evaluate the daily meteorological drought level. 4) The results also revealed that the frequency of non-drought and light drought was 36.51%, the frequency of moderate drought was 30.37%, the frequency of severe drought and extreme drought was 33.11%, and the prediction deviation was 1.1% from January to June, whereas from July to December, the frequency of humid and light drought was 89.73%, the frequency of moderate drought was 9.07%, the frequency of severe drought and extreme drought was 1.2%, the prediction deviation was 1%, indicating the significant characteristics of seasonal drought.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Drought - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Function evaluation - Mean square error
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Correlation structure - Efficiency coefficient - Meteorological drought - Meteorological factors - Meteorological station - Reference evapotranspiration - Root of mean squares
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.07e+01% to 2.79e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 3.31e+01%, Percentage 3.65e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.16e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01% to 4.60e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+00% to 2.62e+01%, Percentage 8.44e+01%, Percentage 8.97e+01%, Percentage 9.07e+00%, Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20202708883912
Title:Self-sensing approach and experiments of active magnetic bearings based on synchronous-sampling direct current estimator
Title of translation:基于同步离散电流估计的磁轴承自传感方法与试验
Authors:Hu, Xiongxin (1); Xu, Fang (1); Tan, Dapeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Education and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310014, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Fang(Fangx@zjut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:59-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Frictionless magnetic bearings can contribute to modern agricultural equipment, such as pump, fan and blast, thereby to achieve high efficiency, energy-saving and long-term reliable operation. But magnetic bearings are confined to the configuration and price of position sensors. In the recent years, the self-sensing and sensor less mode have been developed to extend the application of the magnetic bearings. Most previous studies are focused on the estimation algorithms, such as the state observer approach and parameter estimation approach. Moreover, the extra phase-shift is introduced by the estimator which consists of the analogue filter or FIR or more complex mathematic algorithm. The self-sensing path turns complex and longer due to the fundmental ripple needs to be extracted, amplified and filtered. Therefore, the key research target of this paper is the operation of position estimation. An absolute mathermatical approach was proposed to extract the rotor positon using the zero ripple characteristic based on the cosine-function of coil current. A self-sensing algorithm based on SS-DCE (Synchronous-Sampling-based Discrete Current Estimator) can be used to remove the extra phase that introduced by the analog or digital filters of the sensing path. Synchronous-sampling technique was used to sample the coil working current in the estimator due to PWM switching harmonics without the discrete current. Moreover, the phase shift can be minimized in SS-DCE scheme because the filters of amplitude demodulation have been eliminated, and the configure of AMBs are simplified. The numerical results of SS-DCE were also compare with that of the digital filtering amplitude demodulation approach(DFAdM). The test results of the position estimators showed that the optimal performances can be obtained, when the switching frequency and synchronous sampling frequency are 2 kHz, control frequency is 50 Hz, sampling frequency of DFAdM is 100 kHz, and some electrical conditions as the bias current 3.0 A, nominal inductance 13.2 mH and power supply 50 V. The SS-DCE was also verified by the simulation in 1-DOF AMBs. The static performance evalution was performed on the proposed estimator, indicating that the precision of SS-DCE was about 2.72%, and the absolute error was 5.43 μm in the position range of 50-250 μm. The precision of DFAdM estimator was 4.85% and the absolute error was 9.71 μm. Frequency response analysis was used to evaluate the dynamics performance in open loop state, indicating 158° phase margin at the eigen frequency 19.26Hz. Moreover, a rig of self-sensing AMBs was setup with TMS320F2812, LEM HX-05, PM10CJS060 and micro-positioning platform. The precision of SS-DCE was about 2.53% referring to eddy current sensor HZ-891. SS-DCE-based rotor showed good stability, rapid convergence and acceptable overshot under pulse disturbances that applied through a direct knock on the truss by a rubber hammer. The proposed approach can provide a direct guidance for the active control of magnetic levitation, magnetic damper and other engineering fields. The influence of PWM duty-cycle and low SNR on magnetic bearings can be performed in the near future research works, thereby to enhance the application of magnetic bearings for modern agriculture.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Frequency estimation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Air navigation - Amplitude modulation - Cosine transforms - Demodulation - Digital filters - Electric power systems - Energy conservation - Estimation - Frequency response - Magnetic bearings - Magnetic levitation - Optical variables measurement - Pulse width modulation - Switching frequency
Uncontrolled terms:Active Magnetic Bearing - Agricultural equipment - Amplitude demodulation - Dynamics performance - Eddy current sensors - Frequency response analysis - Micro positioning platform - Sampling frequencies
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 601.2 Machine Components - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 703.2 Electric Filters - 704 Electric Components and Equipment - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.00e+00A, Frequency 1.00e+05Hz, Frequency 1.93e+01Hz, Frequency 2.00e+03Hz, Frequency 5.00e+01Hz, Inductance 1.32e-02H, Percentage 2.53e+00%, Percentage 2.72e+00%, Percentage 4.85e+00%, Size 5.00e-05m to 2.50e-04m, Size 5.43e-06m, Size 9.71e-06m, Voltage 5.00e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20202708884304
Title:Optimal load control strategy of rural electric heating equipments based on demand side peak load regulation
Title of translation:基于需求侧调峰的农村电采暖设备负荷优化控制策略
Authors:Lu, Siyue (1); Ji, Hongquan (1); Xu, Hui (1); Tang, Haosong (3); Zhang, Lu (1); Su, Juan (2); Dong, Yanjun (2); Yu, Haibo (2); Du, Songhuai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Grid Beijing Electric Power Sciences, Beijing; 100075, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Haidian Power Supply Company of State Grid Beijing Electric Power Company, Beijing; 100031, China
Corresponding author:Su, Juan(sujuan@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:229-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the implementation of clean energy heating project in rural areas of northern China, the pollution of coal-fired heating in winter has been greatly improved. However, the use of large-scale electric heating equipment put forward new challenges to the power supply reliability of low-voltage distribution network. Especially in rural power grid, the load is heavy in winter and low in other seasons. It is one of the effective measures to achieve optimal resource allocation and improve the power supply quality of the distribution grid to exploit the demand response potentialities of electric heating loads, and motivate electric heating loads to actively respond to demand response programs (DRP) for peak-load shifting. Therefore, a load optimal control strategy for rural electric heating equipments based on demand side peak load regulation was proposed in this paper. A market transaction model was designed for third-party agency companies to represent coal-to-electricity users in the peak shaving market. The agency company made the centrally control strategies of electric heating users' equipment according to the peak shaving volume and corresponding price obtained from the peak shaving market bidding. The electric heating users were classified based on the controllability of each user by the agency company. Each kinds of users could get different compensation price to encourage them to participate in the demand response programs for peak-load shifting. In this market model, a multi-objective optimization model was established to control the users' air source heat pump. The goals of the optimization model were to meet the user's temperature demands to the maximum extent and to maximize the benefit of the agent company. Meanwhile, user's comfort requirements for indoor temperature were considered in this model, and the user classification compensation mechanism was introduced to improve the user's initiative to participate in peak load regulation. Taking the load data of electric heating users in Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, the simulation analysis was carried out. The results show that the total load reduction of all electric heating equipment was 159.773 kWh, there was no over-control for anyone user, the load reduction of each user fluctuated around average reduction of 7.989 kWh, the peak valley of the user's power consumption curve was changed, the optimal control strategy proposed in this paper played the role of peak load reduction and valley filling, which can relieve the pressure of the upper power grid during peak load period. The indoor temperature of the users was (18±1)℃, which meet the demand of comfortable temperature for heating in winter. Compared with the target of not considering the benefit, the one-day compensation cost of the agency company was saved 31.9%, and the users with the highest degree of control got the most compensation income, the peak load regulation strategy could encourage the users to participate in the peak load regulation actively.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Electric power distribution
Controlled terms:Air source heat pumps - Coal industry - Commerce - Economic analysis - Electric control equipment - Electric heating - Electric load management - Electric power supplies to apparatus - Electric power system control - Electric power transmission networks - Heating equipment - Multiobjective optimization - Optimal control systems - Rural areas - Space heating - Voltage distribution measurement
Uncontrolled terms:Comfortable temperature - Compensation mechanism - Demand response programs - Low voltage distribution network - Multi-objective optimization models - Optimal control strategy - Optimal resource allocation - Power supply reliability
Classification code:503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 524 Solid Fuels - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 642.1 Process Heating - 643.1 Space Heating - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 706 Electric Transmission and Distribution - 731.1 Control Systems - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.19e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20202708883890
Title:Development of crankshaft vibration threshing and harvesting equipment for wine grape
Title of translation:酿酒葡萄曲轴式振动脱粒收获装置研制
Authors:Yuan, Panpan (1); Zhu, Xingliang (1); You, Jia (1); Han, Changjie (1); Zhang, Xuejun (1); Guo, Hui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xuejun(tuec@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:67-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the wine grape harvesting method is still the traditional manual picking with scissor, because the grape fruit is randomly distributed among the branches, the manual harvesting is difficult and the operation efficiency is low. Therefore, mechanized harvesting of wine grape has become an urgent need. Vibration harvesting is one of the main methods of fruit harvesting at home and abroad. The mechanical harvesting of blueberries, blackcurrant, grape and other berries mainly vibrates the fruit tree by means of incentive source, so that the fruit and the connected branches produced a relative movement, the joints produced deformation and fracture, and the fruits falling. However, the domestic wine grape harvesting machines are immature, which has great damage to plant, low threshing efficiency, high fruit broken rate, low reliability and so on. In order to meet the requirements of wine grape mechanization harvest, a crankshaft vibration threshing device was put forward, the device was mainly composed of crankshaft, clamping vibration mechanism, elastic vibration rod, synchronous belt driving system, frame and so on, the driving crankshaft and the driving crankshaft were connected by a synchronous belt, and the elastic vibration monomers composed of parallel crank and rocker mechanism on both sides were in the same phase and moved synchronously in the same direction. The wine grape plant was held by the clamping vibration mechanism on both sides, and was driven to perform a regular variable motion, so that the wine grape grains fall off the grape stem. The angular displacement and angular velocity of the working parts were obtained based on the kinematics analysis of the crank and rocker mechanism. The main factors affecting the vibration operation effect were the length and angular velocity of the crank. The elastic vibrating rod were divided into straight segment and arc segment. The material of PA6 nylon and PU polyurethane with high mechanical strength, flexibility and resilience were selected as the material of vibrating rods. Based on the elastic deformation theory of the elastic vibrating rod, the maximum deformation of the elastic vibration rod was calculated, the influence of the elastic deformation of the elastic vibration rod on the amplitude was analyzed, and the amplitude of the elastic vibration rod in the vibration state was obtained. Furthermore, the clamping spacing, rotating speed and eccentricity were selected as the influencing factors, and wine grape threshing rate and broken rate were selected as the response value for three factors and three levels two Sub-regression orthogonal test design, and the regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and assessment indexes were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The optimum combination of the selected parameters was obtained and verified, and the experimental verification of the mathematical model was also conducted. The test results showed that the factors had great effects on the performance of wine grape vibration threshing device. The significant effects of rotating speed, eccentricity and clamping spacing on threshing rate were in a decreasing order. The significant effects of rotating speed, clamping spacing and eccentricity on broken rate were in a decreasing order. Verification test results indicated thtat when the clamping spacing was 193 mm, the rotating speed was 720 r/min and the eccentricity was 38.8 mm, wine grape threshing rate of the device was 93.06% and broken rate was 1.54%, which was basically consistent with the prediction results of model optimization, and the structural design was reasonable. This study provides a reference for the mechanization harvesting of wine grape and vibration harvesting of other fruits.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Angular velocity - Belts - Crankshafts - Efficiency - Elastic deformation - Elasticity - Fruits - Harvesting - Mechanization - Orchards - Regression analysis - Rotating machinery - Software design - Software testing - Structural design - Surface analysis - Wine
Uncontrolled terms:Crank and rocker mechanisms - Deformation and fracture - Experimental verification - High mechanical strength - Mechanized harvesting - Operation efficiencies - Orthogonal test design - Response surface analysis
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 601 Mechanical Design - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.54e+00%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Rotational_Speed 7.20e+02RPM, Size 1.93e-01m, Size 3.88e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.09.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
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