<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20202708904257
Title:Inhibition of the formation of crystallization fouling on heat transfer surface by electromagnetic field
Title of translation:电磁场抑制换热面析晶污垢的形成
Authors:Zhang, Yilong (1); Zhou, Manman (1); Qu, Chenxi (1); Li, Xia (1); Wang, Lejun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:206-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crystallization fouling, one of the most common fouling types, mostly forms on heat transfer surfaces in water pipe system. The crystallization fouling is inevitable to cause low efficiency of heat transfer in various equipment, and the short service life. Recently, the perception of fouling removal and suppression has been familiar, while the anti-fouling technology has developed greatly. Compared with the current fouling treatment method, the electromagnetic water treatment has become one of the main physical anti-fouling methods due to its cost-saving, convenient installation, simple operation, remarkable fouling suppression effect and environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of electromagnetic field on the crystallization fouling of heat transfer surface under various working conditions based on the electromagnetic scale suppression platform that modified by tube-shell heat exchanger. A sodium carbonate method was used to prepare calcium carbonate supersaturated solution according to the sodium carbonate and calcium chloride molar mass 1: 1, while the thermal resistance of calcium carbonate fouling was obtained under different magnetic induction intensity, flow rate and inlet temperature. Specifically, the influence of inlet temperatures and inlet flow rates on the thermal resistance of calcium carbonate crystallization fouling was also discussed in magnetic treatment. The effect of working conditions and magnetic induction intensity on thermal resistance was clarified systematically, as well the coupling relationship between the working parameters, using the collected variation curve of fouling thermal resistance under different operating conditions. The results show that the thermal resistance of fouling decreases with the increase of magnetic induction intensity. The fouling thermal resistance and induction period decrease as the flow velocity increases in turbulence without magnetic field. The inhibition effect of fouling can be enhanced by the interaction between magnetic fields and flow rates. As the inlet temperature increases, the approximate value of thermal resistance increases first and then decreases, finally the maximum appears when the inlet temperature is 30 ℃. The interaction between the electromagnetic field and the inlet temperature depends on the change of the thermal resistance subjected to magnetic field. The decrease of the thermal resistance that caused by the electromagnetic field treatment can be greater than that by the increase of the inlet temperature. According to the operating range of the experimental platform, three factors were selected, including three levels of magnetic induction intensity, inlet velocity and inlet temperature for each treatment. Through orthogonal analysis, the primary and secondary factors affecting the formation of fouling from strong to weak are magnetic induction intensity, flow rate and inlet temperature. The optimal operating conditions are the inlet temperature of 30 ℃, the flow rate of 0.4 m/s, and the magnetic induction intensity of 20 mT, on the experimental platform. This finding can provide a sound theoretical guidance for crystallization fouling in the water treatment system during industrial production.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fouling
Controlled terms:Calcium carbonate - Calcium chloride - Carbonation - Electromagnetic fields - Flow rate - Flow velocity - Heat exchangers - Heat transfer - Industrial water treatment - Inlet flow - Magnetic fields - Sodium Carbonate - Sodium compounds - Water pipelines
Uncontrolled terms:Calcium carbonate fouling - Crystallization fouling - Different operating conditions - Fouling thermal resistance - Magnetic induction intensity - Optimal operating conditions - Supersaturated solutions - Water treatment systems
Classification code:445.1.2 Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 701 Electricity and Magnetism - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Magnetic_Flux_Density 2.00e-02T, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20202708904316
Title:Drying models and quality changes of rose subjected to infrared assisted spouted bed drying
Title of translation:玫瑰花瓣红外喷动床干燥模型及品质变化
Authors:Duan, Xu (1, 2); Zhang, Meng (1); Ren, Guangyue (1, 2); Zhou, Siqing (1); Zhao, Lujie (1); Xu, Yiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471023, China; (2) Collaorative Innovation Center of Grain Storage Security, Luoyang; Henan Province; 471023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:238-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Infrared drying presents several typical advantages, such as the high drying rate without loss of the quality of products, but there is a problem of uneven heat distribution in the drying process. In spouted bed drying, the strong points are efficient mass and heat transfer, particularly on the uniform heating. To combine infrared drying and spouted bed drying can be expected to maintain efficient heat and mass transfer, and concurrently ensure optimal quality of products. However, there is no research on the combination application of the two techniques for drying process until now. In order to improve the drying efficiency and quality of rose, an attempt has been made to investigate the effects of outlet temperature and wind speed on the drying characteristics using a new developed method of infrared drying assisted by spouted bed dryer, and then to establish an ideal model for the drying kinetics during drying. The rose color, rehydration ratio, total content of flavonoids, phenol content and microstructure were characterized under the different drying conditions. The results showed that the increase in the outlet temperature and wind speed can significantly improve the drying rate, while dramatically shorten the drying time. Specifically, the required drying time at 55℃ was 69% shorter than that at 45℃, and the wind speed of 23.1 m/s was 69% shorter than that of 16.4 m/s. The drying process can be divided into two steps: ascending and descending drying stage, without obvious stage of constant speed. In the early stage of drying, the phenomenon of "bubble bed" appeared, and then a good spouting state formed in the spouted bed as the drying process, where the loss of the material increased rapidly and the drying rate reached the maximum, finally in the descending stage. The effective moisture diffusivity coefficient ranged from 6.703 85×10<sup>-10</sup> to 1.382 35×10<sup>-9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s, and increased with the increase of the outlet temperature and wind speed, indicating that the increase of outlet temperature and wind speed can lead to the enhancement of thermal effect, which was beneficial to the moisture diffusion. The Midilli model was determined to better describe the drying curves, after the comparison of drying models for 12 thin layers of rose petals. The maximum and minimum rehydration ratio of rose increased by 72.5% and 86.7% under different outlet temperatures and wind speeds, respectively. The high outlet temperature, high wind speed and long drying time can benefit to the reduction of total contents of flavonoids and phenols. It is also found that the proposed method of infrared assisted by spouted bed drying can be more beneficial to the retention of effective components than that in hot air drying, which is commonly-used media in the convention drying technology. The effect of wind speeds on rose color and microstructure was more significant than that of outlet temperatures. With the increase of outlet temperatures and wind speeds, the rose was subject to large deformation, more serious shrinkage during drying. This finding can provide a sound theoretical reference for the research and application of infrared assisted by spouted bed drying technique in plant drying.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Infrared drying
Controlled terms:Flavonoids - Heat transfer - Mass transfer - Microstructure - Moisture - Phenols - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Speed - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Drying characteristics - Effective moisture diffusivity - Heat and mass transfer - Mass and heat transfers - Quality of product - Research and application - Spouted bed dryers - Spouted bed drying
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.90e+01%, Percentage 7.25e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Velocity 1.64e+01m/s, Velocity 2.31e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20202708904296
Title:Method for the prediction of wheat yield components
Title of translation:冬小麦产量结构要素预报方法
Authors:Zhang, Pei (1); Chen, Zhengmeng (2); Liu, Chunwei (3); Wang, Fuzheng (4); Jiang, Haidong (5); Gao, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Nanjing; 210008, China; (2) Longyan Company of Fujian Provincial Tobacco Corporation, Longyan; 364000, China; (3) Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (4) QinGengRen Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Development (Huai'an) Co., Ltd., Huai'an; 223001, China; (5) Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Ping(571086340@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:78-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate determination of yield components can assist in predicting the final crop yields, revealing the physiological significance of yield estimation. Research on the direct prediction of crop yield components is still lacking, because the feature data of yield components for long sequence are difficult to obtain, and some highly variable factors influence each other on the accuracy of the estimation. In this study, the spike quantity per plant (SQ), grain number per spike (GN), and 1000-grain weight (1 000 GW) of winter wheat were taken as prediction targets, to determine the optimal method for the prediction of winter wheat yield components. 126 independent factors were achieved using the puffing technology for meteorological factors after assessing the factors of planting species, density and region. A multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the crucial factors correlated to the concerned crop yield, and thereby to determine the quantitative relationship between the factors and yields. Three multiple regression models for the yield components of winter wheats were constructed after the 126 independent factors were regressed step by step. The determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> of the three multiple regression models were 0.515, 0.178 and 0.368, respectively, all at a low level than before. In collinearity diagnosis, if the characteristic values of multiple dimensions in 3 models were approaching to be zero, or the corresponding condition indexes were greater than 10, the time-delay prediction can occur due to the multicollinearity relation between factors. To solve this collinearity among factors and verify the data structure, a factor analysis was conducted to transform various observed variables into a few typical comprehensive factors. The optimized 126 independent variables made it possible to reduce the factor dimension. After factors optimization, 10 comprehensive factors were obtained to establish the three multiple regression predicting models of yield components, and the determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> were 0.376, 0.111 and 0.261, respectively, all less than 0.5. Based on neural network principle, a back-propagating neural network (BPNN) model was established between multiple independent factors and dependent variables, due to its ability for an approximate representation without restricting the input-output data. The determination coefficient R<sup>2</sup> of the proposed model was 0.644 under the optimal model structure (126-16-3), indicating much better than that from the multiple linear regression and factor analysis. The overall prediction accuracy of BPNN model was 85.3%. The average prediction accuracies of grain number (GN) and 1000-grain weight (1 000 GW) were 88.1% and 89.5%, respectively, showing significantly higher than that of spike quantity per plant (SQ). In the prediction regions, the average prediction accuracies of the BPNN model were more than 80% in 6 regions, with the highest prediction accuracy of 89.6% in the east coast of Jiangsu. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear feature of BPNN model can be used to improve the approximation ability when dealing with multiple factors. The BPNN modeling is strongly recommended to predict yield components of winter wheat.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Factor analysis
Controlled terms:Crops - Forecasting - Grain (agricultural product) - Linear regression - Logistic regression - Multivariable systems - Multivariant analysis - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Approximation ability - Determination coefficients - Meteorological factors - Multi-variable linear regression - Multiple linear regressions - Multiple regression model - Optimal model structures - Time-delay predictions
Classification code:821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.53e+01%, Percentage 8.81e+01%, Percentage 8.95e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+01%, Power 1.00e+12W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20202708904304
Title:Plant recognition method based on a improved dense CapsNet
Title of translation:基于改进稠密胶囊网络模型的植物识别方法
Authors:Wen, Changji (1, 3); Lou, Yue (1); Zhang, Xiaoran (1); Yang, Ce (3); Liu, Shuyan (2, 4); Yu, Helong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (3) College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Paul; 55108, United States; (4) Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Helong(264496469@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:143-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The recognition of plant and other biological species is of great significance in maintaining plant species diversity, understanding plant growth characteristics and geographical distribution, constructing a biodiversity database, and realizing the rational development and utilization of plant resources. But plant recognition and classification are still very challenging tasks. In this study, the classical capsule network and its modified models were applied to the fined classification task of plant species recognition. Based on the idea of DCNet, a modified dense capsule network was proposed. Firstly, the self-attention mechanism was introduced as the network layer. By this method, the interference background information to the recognition task was reduced by assigning the high weight value of the target feature. Secondly, the locally-constraint dynamic routing algorithm was used between the capsule layers in the modified-DCNet. By sharing the transformation matrix in the predefined local grid, it reduced the load of network parameter calculation and adapted to the small sample datasets for training and learning. To verify the model of this study, three datasets were used, Oxford Flower datasets, the Normal flower datasets in Northeast China and ImageCLEF 2013 leaf datasets. Oxford Flower dataset was an open-source flower dataset consisting of common 17 types of flowers in the UK proposed by the machine vision research group of Oxford University. Every category contains 80 images. There was a total of 1 360 images. The changes in individual morphology, light, and proportion of the images were used to ensure the diversity of the samples. And the differences between some individual categories were small. The Normal flower dataset in Northeast China was a self-built dataset for this study. The dataset was composed of common flowers in Northeast China in which were 15 categories and a total of 1 360 images. The pictures were taken on the spot in suburbs, parks and flower breeding bases under sunlight condition. The images were marked and confirmed by experts. ImageCLEF 2013 leaf dataset was supported by INRIA and CIRAD. The main species were obtained in the Mediterranean region of France. There were 15 kinds of leaves, in a total of 1 125 plant leaves. The collection method of sample images included leaf scanning and taking pictures outdoors. The comparative experimental results showed that the average recognition accuracy of the Modified-DCNet proposed in this study was 77.2% on the three datasets when the input image scale was 32 × 32 pixels. Compared with CapsNet, DCNet, and VGG16, the average recognition accuracy improved by 18.8%, 12.7%, and 25.2%, respectively. The parameter size was only about 1.6 M which was only 1.3% of VGG16. When the input image scale was 227×227 pixels, the average recognition accuracy of this model was 95.1%. The average recognition accuracy was improved by 25.5% and 8.6% compared with AlexNet and VGG16, respectively. In this study, the model parameter size was 5.2 M which was only 8.6% of AlexNet and 3.7% of VGG16. Under the same conditions, the experimental results showed that the performance of these models was improved compared to AlexNet, VGG16, CapsNet, and DCNet. By using the locally-constrained dynamic routing algorithm, the scale of this model parameters was greatly reduced, which was more suitable for large-scale image classification and recognition. From the experimental results, when the input image was 227 × 227 pixels, the model parameter size was only 1.1% of CapsNet, and 1.3% of DCNet. When the input image was 32 × 32 pixels, these models were only 21.9% of CapsNet, and 26% of DCNet. The larger the image size was the more the improvement of the scale. Meanwhile, larger images often had more information, so the recognition accuracy was higher. Furtherly, the experimental results on three datasets showed that the highest recognition accuracy on the ImageCLEF 2013 leaf dataset was 97.2%. In this way, low sample complexity led to a high recognition rate. At the same time, through analyzing the results of the experiments in this study, the main distinctive features among flower datasets were color features, following by morphological features. When the color and morphological features of a certain type of a dataset were relatively monotonic, the recognition accuracy was higher.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Distributed database systems - Dynamic routing algorithms - Geographical distribution - Image segmentation - Linear transformations - Network layers - Pixels - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Attention mechanisms - Background information - Classification and recognition - Constrained dynamics - Development and utilizations - Morphological features - Plant species diversity - Transformation matrices
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 454 Environmental Engineering - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.3 Database Systems - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.27e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 1.88e+01%, Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 2.55e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+00%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20202708904301
Title:Key factors affecting the measurement of N<inf>2</inf>O emission from dairy farm using static-chamber method
Title of translation:影响静态箱检测开放式气体排放源N<inf>2</inf>O排放通量的关键因子
Authors:Liu, Yu (1, 2); Zhou, Jing (1); Li, Keping (1); Li, Xinyu (1); Wang, Chaoyuan (1, 2, 3); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2, 3); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chaoyuan(gotowchy@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Open gas emission sources, such as open dairy lot and manure stockpile, are still challenge to directly measure the gas emissions, due to their fully open nature and the relatively low flux of gas emission, particularly interfering by other emissions sources, such as barns and animals. The detection accuracy of the commonly used closed-chamber method depends on the chamber configuration and the different external environment. Four key parameters were evaluated, including the disturbing fan, vent holes, surface wind speed of emission (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m/s) and deployment time (0 to 60 min) in the 300 mm (diameter) × 300 mm (height) (D300×H300) closed chamber using nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) as reference gas. The experiment was carried out in a wind tunnel to adjust the wind speed in order to simulate the real environment of open dairy lots. A calibration system was designed to generate a reference flux, and the accuracy of chamber performance was defined based on the difference between the reference fluxes and the calculated fluxes in the closed chamber. The results showed that the deviation rates have the similar trends during the deployment time in the closed chambers with different configurations. The flux of gas emission that measured by the closed chamber was higher at the beginning of process, and then lower compared with that of the reference flux. The measurement accuracy of the closed chamber reached the maximum when the deployment time was 50 min, where the deviation rate of the closed chamber without the disturbing fan and vent was 1.02%--29.06%, 12.29%--47.92% without the disturbing fan and with the vent, -9.71%--40.92% with the disturbing fan and without the vent, and 4.42%--25.64% with the disturbing fan and vent. There was no significant difference in the deviation rates of the detected N<inf>2</inf>O emission fluxes under different wind speeds (P>0.05) using the closed chamber with the disturbing fan and with/without vent, indicating these two types of chambers have better detection stability. However, the measurement accuracy of the D300 mm×H300 mm closed chamber with the disturbing fan and vent was significantly higher than that with the fan and without vent (P<0.05). When the emission speed of surface wind was 0-2 m/s, the disturbing fan had no significant influence on the measurement accuracy of the closed chamber (P>0.05), indicating the emission surface wind was affected by the Venturi effect through the vent. Both the deployment time and emission surface wind speed had significant negative correlation on the deviation rate of the closed chambers (P<0.05). However, the correlation between the deployment time and emission surface wind speed was not obvious (P>0.05). This study recommends to use a D300 mm×H300 mm closed chamber with the disturbing fan and vent to detect the N<inf>2</inf>O emission flux in an open gas emission system, such as dairy open lots without manure and emission sources with similar media, with the speed of emission surface wind less than 2 m/s, and the deployment time of 50 min.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Gas emissions
Controlled terms:Dairies - Fertilizers - Manures - Nitrogen oxides - Speed - Vents - Wind - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration system - Closed-chamber method - Detection accuracy - External environments - Measurement accuracy - Negative correlation - Static chamber method - Surface wind speed
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.00e-01m, Time 0.00e+00s to 3.60e+03s, Time 3.00e+03s, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20202708904213
Title:Characteristics of nitrogen transformation in the process of acidification and storage of cow slurry
Title of translation:牛粪水酸化贮存过程中氮形态转化的特性研究
Authors:Zhang, Pengyue (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Liu, Senhong (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, Beijing; 100121, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing; 100121, China; (3) College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Yujun(shenyj09b@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:212-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Treatment and utilization of animal manure water have become a big challenge for the healthy development of the breeding industry, as the impact of upcoming technology on large-scale livestock and poultry farming. Since slurries are an important source of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere, the representative methods to reduce ammonia emission include surface covering, and acidification technology. Surface covering technology refers to cover the surface of animal manure water, in order to reduce the gas exchange between animal manure water and air surroundings. However, this technology has only a few applications due to confined covering materials. In acidification technology, the acidifiers are added to the animal manure water, in order to reduce the loss of nitrogen during storage. This acidification technology has been widely used in Denmark and other countries in Europe. However, there is still a large gap in the field of fecal water acidification in China. Since only two institutions have studied the acidification technology of fecal water from the perspective of odor and greenhouse gas emissions, there is still lacking a large number of research data for the industrial utilization of fecal water acidification. In this study, sulphuric acid and alum were selected as acidifiers to treat cow slurry before and after solid-liquid separation. After adding sulphuric acid and alum, the pH value of the cow dung water and cow slurry can reach 6.0, under the blank control at the same time. The mechanism of n-form transformation was proposed for the process of acidification and storage of cow dung water and cow slurry by analyzing the indexes of ammonia mission, n-transformation and harmless effect. The results show that the addition of acidifiers can reduce the total loss of nitrogen by 6.3%-11.1%, and the emission of ammonia in the initial stage of cow dung water and cow slurry storage decreased, compared with those in the conventional techniques. Adding acidifier in the cow slurry can indirectly increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen, while reduce the pH value of the cow slurry during storage process, indicating the effective inhibition to the activity of fecal coliform in the cow manure water for easily harmless treatment. The addition of acidifiers can also inhibit the transformation of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen under the action of microorganisms in the cow dung water and slurry, and thereby to improve the content of organic nitrogen during slurry storage, as well reduce the production of ammonium nitrogen, indicating that the acidifiers and ammonium nitrogen can generate ammonium salt with stable chemical properties. This finding can provide the technical translation of the acidification technology into industrial application in animal manure water during slurry storage.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Chemical water treatment
Controlled terms:Acidification - Agriculture - Ammonia - Animals - Biochemical oxygen demand - Digital storage - Dissolved oxygen - Fertilizers - Gas emissions - Greenhouse gases - Industrial emissions - Industrial research - Manures - Nitrogen - pH - Storage (materials) - Sulfuric acid
Uncontrolled terms:Concentration of dissolved oxygen - Conventional techniques - Harmless treatments - Industrial utilization - Inorganic nitrogen - Nitrogen transformations - Solid liquid separation - Water acidification
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 694.4 Storage - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.30e+00% to 1.11e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20202708904208
Title:Remote sensing monitoring of areca yellow leaf disease based on UAV multi-spectral images
Title of translation:基于无人机多光谱影像的槟榔黄化病遥感监测
Authors:Zhao, Jinling (1); Jin, Yu (1, 2); Ye, Huichun (2, 3); Huang, Wenjiang (1, 2, 3); Dong, Yingying (2); Fan, Lingling (1); Ma, Huiqin (2); Jiang, Jing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei; 230601, China; (2) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China; (3) Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Sanya; 572029, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Huichun(yehc@aircas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:54-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yellow leaf disease is a serious disease that endangers the growth of areca, it is urgent to monitor the infection severity and spatial distribution in time and accurately. However, the traditional monitoring methods are mainly depend on visual inspection and manual investigation, which affects the efficiency and spatial scope of monitoring. Low altitude UAV remote sensing technology can effectively solve the problems of insufficient optical satellite images acquisition caused by cloudy and rainy weather in areca planting area, and improve the real-time monitoring of areca yellow leaf disease. In this paper, in order to identify the severities and spatial distribution of areca yellow leaf disease, five band(including blue, green, red, near-infrared and red-edge wavebands) multispectral images were obtained by using the MicaSense RedEdge-M multispectral camera mounted on the DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0. Based on the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR), three sensitive features were selected from 15 potential vegetation indexes. Using Back Propagation Neural Network(BPNN), Random Forest(RF) and Support Vector Machine(SVM) classification algorithms respectively, a monitoring model of areca yellow leaf disease severity was constructed. A total sixty in-situ sampling points were selected and the disease index (DI) were obtained, according to the characteristics of the disease and the separability of remote sensing images, the severities of the disease were divided into three grades: health (DI<1%), slight (1%≤DI<10%) and serious (DI≥10%), and the number of samples was 18, 22 and 20 respectively. According to the priority principle of importance of feature variables, Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI), Modified Simple Ratio Index (MSR) and Anthocyanin Reflectance Index (ARI) were finally selected. Two-tier neural networks including hidden layer and output layer were used to build the BPNN model. The results showed that the overall accuracy (OA) of BPNN model was 91.7%, which was 6.7% and 10.0% higher than that of RF model and SVM model, respectively. The Kappa coefficient of the BPNN model was 0.875, which was the highest among the three models. In general, the omission errors and commission errors of BPNN model were the smallest, the errors of health, slight and serous levels were 11.1%, 15.8%, 13.6%, 9.5% and 0, 0 respectively. Consequently, it is feasible to monitor the severities of arecanut yellow leaf disease based on the UAV multispectral image. The study can provide a reference for the diseases monitoring of other tropical crops.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Crops - Decision trees - Errors - Infrared devices - Monitoring - Multilayer neural networks - Network layers - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Spectroscopy - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Back-propagation neural networks - Classification algorithm - Minimum redundancy-maximum relevances - Multi-spectral cameras - Optical satellite images - Ratio vegetation indices - Remote sensing images - Remote sensing monitoring
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+00%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20202708904326
Title:Village feature identification and remediation countermeasures from the perspective of "type-rank-potential"
Title of translation:基于"类型-等级-潜力"综合视角的村庄特征识别与整治对策
Authors:Feng, Danyue (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2, 3); Liang, Xinyuan (1); Han, Bo (1); Xiao, Ying (4); Wu, Xiaohuan (4); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Marine Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Development and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) JiangsuProvincial Technical Engineering Center for Land Development and Consolidation, Nanjing; 210023, China; (4) Land Development and Consolidation Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210000, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:226-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The spatial layout and development trend of villages are the main objects and important contents of the comprehensive improvement of land. In order to strengthen the guarantee of land use for rural revitalization and improve the policy system for integration and development of urban and rural by promoting rural development in a classified manner and revitalizing rural land stock for construction, the strategic plan for rural revitalization (2018-2020) is proposed. Based on the new connotation of village and town layout optimization, the index system covering the characteristics of "urban radiation", "resource endowment" and "ecological security" is constructed, taking Suining county of Jiangsu province as the research area. The identification of village type is carried out. The method of Pajek complex network analysis is used to construct the village hierarchy "central village-secondary central village-general village". On the basis of the village type identification and grade system classification results, the development function of villages are defined, then the target value is determined, the scale potential, pattern potential, quality potential and comprehensive potential of the village are explored. The potential of the village is determined according to the method of natural fault point. The results show that: 1) Rural development is heterogeneous. In the process of rapid urbanization, the geographical location, spatial structure and scale form of villages are undergoing great changes, and the differences within the system are increasingly expanding. The results of village type identification and grade system classification can provide effective support for the evaluation of the potential of the village, the priority selection of the remediation area and the arrangement of the remediation time sequence. 2) The study area can be divided into 9 types of single and compound village, including suburban integration, activation optimization, characteristic development, ecological protection, suburban integration-ecological protection, suburban integration-feature upgrade, feature upgrade-ecological protection, suburban integration-characteristic increases ecological protection, demolition and relocation. Finally according to the "scale-pattern-quality" as well as the comprehensive renovation potential is calculated as a result, lower, low, medium, high, higher 5 level. 3) The dominant village type is the activation optimization type in the study area. The potential area of reclamation in the county is 627.51 hm<sup>2</sup>, and the potential area of recovery is 17 299.91 hm<sup>2</sup>. This research on the development function, potential and comprehensive countermeasures of villages can provide references for the optimization and reconstruction of village, the regulation of policy regulation linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land and the implementation of comprehensive land improvement in the whole region.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Chemical activation - Complex networks - Integration - Land use - Pollution - Reclamation - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic development - Ecological protection - Ecological security - Feature identification - Geographical locations - Rapid urbanizations - Resource endowments - System classification
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.2 Calculus
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20202708904290
Title:Development of microwave pyrolysis equipment for cotton stalk carbon
Title of translation:棉花秸秆炭微波裂解生产设备研制
Authors:Zhang, Jiaxi (1); Liu, Apeng (1); Li, Hua (2); Wang, Yichao (1); Liu, Xiong (1); Tie Muer, YeErBoLati (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Institute of Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:219-225
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton is an important cash crop in China, the cotton straw produced after cotton harvest is an important biomass energy. In view of the environmental problems existing in the traditional utilization of cotton straw, it is of great significance to transform cotton straw from agricultural waste to biochar. Based on the research of biochar processing equipment for cotton straw at home and abroad, it can be found that biomass carbonization equipment is mainly divided into microwave cracking carbonization and traditional electric heating carbonization. The traditional carbonization technology has the disadvantages of uneven carbonization and low carbonization efficiency. The traditional carbonization technology has the disadvantages of uneven carbonization and low carbonization efficiency, microwave cracking carbonization can not only improve carbonization homogeneity, but also shorten carbonization time. In order to improve the carbon yield of cotton straw and analyze the effect of different operation parameters on the carbon yield of cotton straw by microwave pyrolysis, a microwave cracking equipment was developed in this paper. The microwave cracking equipment was mainly composed of gas-liquid treatment system, cracking chamber, inert gas supplying system, constant temperature control system and so on. The key component of the equipment was the magnetron device in the cracking chamber, the magnetron device provided energy for the pyrolysis and carbonization of the cotton straw. Taking the moisture content of cotton straw, carbonization time and microwave power as the experimental factors and the carbon yield of cotton straw as the index, the response surface tests of three factors and three levels were carried out for the microwave cracking process of cotton straw. The quadratic polynomial response model of cotton yield of cotton straw to experimental factors was established. The significant order of the influence of each experimental factor on the carbon yield of cotton stalk was determined as water content of cotton straw, microwave power and carbonization time. Optimization of operation parameters was carried out by box benhnken combined test method, the result was that the moisture content of the cotton straw was 11%, carbonization time was 6 min and microwave power was 1.8 kW, at this time, the carbon yield reached 31.61%. The verification test results showed that under the optimal parameter conditions, the carbon yield of cotton straw was 30.9%, and the relative error with the theoretical value was 0.71%, the designed microwave cracking equipment basically meet the design requirements. The results can provide reference for the design and operation parameters optimization of microwave cracking equipment for cotton straw.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural wastes - Carbon - Carbonization - Crops - Inert gases - Magnetrons - Microwave generation - Moisture - Moisture determination - Pyrolysis
Uncontrolled terms:Constant temperature control - Design and operations - Environmental problems - Experimental factors - Microwave pyrolysis - Operation parameters - Processing equipment - Quadratic polynomial
Classification code:713.2 Oscillators - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 3.09e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+01%, Percentage 7.10e-01%, Power 1.80e+03W, Time 3.60e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20202708904263
Title:Erosion process and characteristics of different specifications of fish-scale pit slope
Title of translation:不同规格鱼鳞坑坡面侵蚀过程及特征研究
Authors:Hou, Lei (1); Xie, Xinli (1); Yao, Chong (1); Wu, Faqi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Faqi(wufaqi@263.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:62-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study explored the characteristics of fish-scale pit slope erosion under different rainfall intensities. Two specifications of fish-scale pits (0.6 m×0.4 m×0.1 m and 0.4 m×0.3 m×0.1 m) were adopted in the simulated rainfall experiment including three rainfall intensities (40, 70 and 100 mm/h). Runoff and sediment samples were collected to calculate the benefits of runoff and sediment reduction, and the widths and depths of rills were measured to describe the rill morphology. Runoff generation time and fish-scale pit damage time were also observed and recorded during the rainfall process. Moreover, runoff rate and sediment transport rate were calculated and the relationships between runoff and sediment yield and rill morphology were analyzed. The results showed that when the rainfall lasted for one hour, the morphology of fish-scale pits were intact under the 40 mm/h rainfall intensity, but the fish-scale pits were damaged under the 70 and 100 mm/h rainfall intensities. The fish-scale pit had an obvious effect on runoff and sediment yields and the threshold existed. Based on the fish-scale pit damage time, the fish-scale pit slope erosion was divided into two processes. The runoff generation time increased with decrease of the rainfall intensity. The two specifications of fish-scale pits delayed the runoff generation time, which was 27.79%-59.12% and 72.42%-116.85% higher than smooth slope. The small fish-scale pits were easier to be damaged than the big fish-scale pits under the same rainfall intensity. The benefits of runoff and sediment reduction were 66.02%-82.20% and 85.77%-91.91%, and the mean value of runoff rate and sediment transport rate were 18.87%-33.21% and 10.04%-15.38% of the smooth slope before the fish-scale pits damage. After fish-scale pits damage, slope measures would lose the regulatory function and would have the negative effects on soil and water reduction. The runoff rate and sediment transport rate were suddenly increased and the mean value of runoff rate and sediment transport rate were 4.60-7.46 and 13.70-16.75 times that before fish-scale pits damage. The mean runoff rate and sediment transport rate of the smooth slope were 51.50 mm/h and 3.04 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>•h) under the 70 mm/h rainfall intensity, and the mean runoff rate and sediment transport rate were 78.61 mm/h and 5.20 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>•h) under the 100 mm/h rainfall intensity. The flow-sediment relationship under 100 mm/h rainfall intensity showed that the sediment was greatly different before and after fish-scale pits damage. The sediment yield could be decreased by fish-scale pit measures application. The slopes of linear regression equations for fitting the relationship between runoff and sediment were 0.020-0.035 before fish-scale pit damage and they were increased to 0.205-0.231 after fish-scale pit damage. The slopes of linear regression equations for fitting the relationship between runoff and sediment on smooth slope was 0.038 under 100 mm/h rainfall intensity. The width of rill had significant correlation with peak sediment yield (P<0.01) and the depth of rill had significant relationship with total sediment yield and peak runoff yield (P<0.01). The overflow time of fish-scale pit was an important indicator of the regulation threshold of runoff and sediment, and slope erosion characteristic and rill morphology showed obvious difference before and after fish-scale pits damage. This study will provide valuable information for allocation and management of regional soil and water conservation measures.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Erosion - Fish - Morphology - Rain - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Soil conservation - Specifications - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Linear regression equation - Rainfall intensity - Regulatory functions - Runoff and sediment yields - Runoff and sediments - Sediment transport rate - Simulated rainfall - Soil and water conservation measures
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.54e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01% to 3.32e+01%, Percentage 2.78e+01% to 5.91e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01% to 8.22e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+01% to 1.17e+02%, Percentage 8.58e+01% to 9.19e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20202708904279
Title:Effects of vertical pressure on moisture and heat transfer of wheat bulk in a granary
Title of translation:储料竖向压力对粮仓中小麦粮堆湿热传递的影响
Authors:Chen, Guixiang (1); Liu, Chaosai (1); Jiang, Minmin (1); Chen, Jiahao (1); Wang, Haitao (1); Zhang, Hongwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:246-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Multiple physical fields, such as pressure, temperature and humidity, can pose grains deterioration in the wheat bulk during storage. It is necessary to explore coupled moisture and heat transfer in wheat bulk under multi-field conditions for the safety of grain storage. In most previous studies, the significant findings are: 1) the porosity decreases with the increase of grain depth; 2) the contact area between grains increases with increasing vertical pressure; 3) the thermal conductivity of wheat bulk is 49 times that of air; and 4) the thermal conductivity between grains decreases with the decrease of porosity. However, an accurate prediction of grain moisture and temperature during storage is still lacking, in order to develop efficient strategies of ventilation conditions. This paper aims to find the influence of vertical pressure on the moisture and heat transfer in the wheat bulk, taking a wheat bulk unit in the silo as the research object, and thereby an experimental study was performed on a multi-field coupling test device. Temperature and humidity of the wheat bulk were measured under three vertical pressure conditions of 50, 100 and 150 kPa, according to the pressure range in large-scale wheat bulk. The temperature was set as high temperature boundary of 38.5℃, low temperature boundary of 5.2℃, and initial grain temperature of 25.8℃. The experimental results show that the grain temperature reduced by 0.5℃ in the vertical pressure of 50 kPa, compared with the initial grain temperature, whereas, it reduced by 1.3℃ when the vertical pressure was 150 kPa. In a constant temperature field, the temperature gradient of wheat bulk decreased from 34.6℃/m to 31.6℃/m, while the rate of change reached 8.7% when the vertical pressure increased from 50 to 150 kPa. The area of high temperature decreased as a power function with storage period of wheat bulk under different vertical pressures, whereas, the power function index increased with the increase of vertical pressures. The temperature difference can cause the wet air in grain bulk to migrate from the higher temperature region to the lower temperature region. In the middle and upper grain bulk with the height greater than 0.3 m, under the action of a large temperature difference between the grain bulk and the high temperature boundary, the wet air in the grain bulk uniformly migrated from the high temperature boundary to the low temperature boundary with the micro airflow. In the middle and lower grain bulk with the height less than 0.3 m, the temperature difference between the two temperature control boundaries was small, and the micro-airflow effect was weak, due to the bottom of the unit cannot be absolutely insulated. The wet air near the high-temperature boundary moved to the low temperature, while the relative humidity was high below near high temperature boundary. A small amount of wet air in the grain bulk can migrate from the low temperature boundary to the wheat bulk after the relative humidity near the low temperature boundary region reached its peak value. When the temperature difference between the middle part of wheat bulk and the boundary near the low temperature was greater than 6.3℃, the migration rate of wet air in grain bulk increased with micro airflow, and the decrease rate of average relative humidity in the middle of wheat bulk increased with the increase of vertical pressure. The findings can provide theoretical support for the research on the evolution of grain temperature and moisture in the multi-field coupling of stored grain bulk under different ventilation conditions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Deterioration - Grain (agricultural product) - Heat transfer - Moisture - Porosity - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Accurate prediction - Constant temperature - Efficient strategy - Moisture and heat transfers - Multi-field coupling - Temperature and humidities - Temperature differences - Temperature regions
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.70e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 1.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa to 1.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20202708904233
Title:Effects of different solid microbial agents on soil properties of Pisha sandstone and the growth of alfalfa
Title of translation:不同固体微生物菌剂对砒砂岩土壤性质和紫花苜蓿生长的影响
Authors:Wang, Tao (1); Yang, Yijun (1); Deng, Lin (1); He, Linyan (2); Xu, Mingwen (1); Yang, Caiqian (1); Liang, Zhishui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing; 211189, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Lin(dlwhu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:96-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pisha sandstone mainly distributes in the interprovincial border areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in the Yellow River Basin of China. These distribution areas are difficult to carry out effective treatment due to serious soil erosion and deteriorative ecological environment. Therefore, the main challenge is to improve the soil matrix of Pisha sandstone suitable for plant growth, which can be applied to soil ecological restoration and vegetation restoration in Pisha sandstone areas. In this study, the plant growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus halotolerans P75, Sinorhizobium meliloti D10, Bacillus megaterium H3 and Bacillus subtilis HB01 were used as raw materials to meet the challenge. After the strains were activated and centrifuged, the bacterial cell pellets were re-suspended in sterile water to obtain the four bacterial suspension of P75, D10, H3 and HB01. Then, the bacterial suspension was thoroughly mixed with organic/inorganic substrates at a volume-mass ratio of 1: 1, and dried at 37℃ to prepare four kinds of single solid bacterial agents. Afterwards, 11 kinds of composite solid bacterial agents were obtained by mixing the four kinds of single solid bacterial agents uniformly according to different combinations of equal mass. The greenhouse pot experiment was carried out from March to April, 2019. 17 test groups in total were set in each pot with 300 g Pisha sandstone, where 15 test groups were the soil matrix of Pisha sandstone containing 15 different microbial agents at a mass ratio of 5% respectively, and two groups were the Pisha sandstone with the same amount of biological substrate and the Pisha sandstone without treatment. Each pot of soil matrix was watered regularly, and the soil indexes for the soil matrix of Pisha sandstone in each test group were tested after one month. A 20-day seedling experiment was performed on the planted alfalfa under the condition of the original potted soil matrix. The improvement effects of different solid microbial agents on the properties of Pisha sandstone were evaluated by the soil pH, organic matter content, available nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, enzyme activities and the number of bacteria, as well the seedling growth. The results showed that the addition of organic/inorganic substrates can improve the soil quality of Pisha sandstone, and promote the growth of plant seedlings, compared with the untreated control group. Compared with the effect of organic/inorganic substrates on improving Pisha sandstone soil, the addition of microbial agents can significantly increase the content of organic matters by 18.4%-30.0%, the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen by 19.7%-30.4%, the content of available phosphorus by 12.4%-47.8%, the content of available potassium by 25.3%-82.9%, the invertase activity by 13.2%-58.0%, the urease activity by 13.0%-37.7%, and the total number of soil bacteria reached more than 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/g. Compared with the effect of soil matrix containing biological substrate on Alfalfa seedling promoting, the soil matrix containing microbial agents can further increase the seedling height by 18.0%-39.2%, the root length by 37.4%-70.5%, the shoot fresh weight by 56.3%-94.1%, the root fresh weight by 106.5%-234.6%, the shoot dry weight by 32.8%-90.5%, and the root dry weight by 108.8%-301.2%. The optimum results were found in the compound agent A3 containing strains P75, D10 and H3, and A4 containing strains P75, D10, H3 and HB01. According to the soil indexes of each test group and the growth of Alfalfa seedlings, the optimal combination of P75+D10+H3 and P75+D10+H3+HB01 were finally determined for the improvement of the Pisha sandstone soil.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Biogeochemistry - Ecology - Forestry - Matrix algebra - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - Phosphorus - Potassium - Quality control - Restoration - Sandstone - Seed - Soils - Substrates - Suspensions (fluids)
Uncontrolled terms:Bacterial suspensions - Biological substrates - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Organic matter content - Plant growth promoting bacterium - Sinorhizobium meliloti - Vegetation restoration
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-02yr, Mass 3.00e-01kg, Percentage 1.06e+02% to 2.35e+02%, Percentage 1.09e+02% to 3.01e+02%, Percentage 1.24e+01% to 4.78e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01% to 3.77e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01% to 5.80e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+01% to 3.92e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01% to 3.04e+01%, Percentage 2.53e+01% to 8.29e+01%, Percentage 3.28e+01% to 9.05e+01%, Percentage 3.74e+01% to 7.05e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.63e+01% to 9.41e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20202708904242
Title:Construction of fluid-solid coupling model of flexible multibody system for pipeline robots driven by differential pressure
Title of translation:压差式管道机器人柔性多体系统流固耦合模型构建
Authors:Teng, Xiaoyan (1); Jiang, Xudong (2); Ma, Rui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Harbin University of Engineering, Harbin; 150001, China; (2) Mechanical Power and Engineering College, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin; 150080, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Xudong(xudongjiang@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The movement of the differential pressure pipeline robots in the pipeline driven by the fluid belongs to the complex fluid structure coupling dynamics problem. It is of great engineering significance to analyze the dynamic responses of the robots and evaluate the ability of the robot to patrol the pipeline by numerical simulation. Based on the coupled Eulerian Lagrangian (CEL) method, a fluid structure coupling dynamic model of the flexible multibody system for pipeline robots driven by differential pressure was constructed in this paper. The govening equations of the pipeline robots and its surrounding compressible Newton’s fluid were derived and represented with CEL frame. In order to efficiently describe the experienced large deformation process of the sealing cups, two-parameter Mooney-Rivilin model was used and its coefficients was obtained based on the uniaxial tensile tests of polyurethane. Based on the method of immersion boundary, the volume fraction in each fluid element contained wass used to track the fluid boundary by piecewise linear interface calculation. A novel penalty coupling method was used to simulate the interaction of the fluid with the robot by implementing a virtual spring bwteen the nodes at structural surface element and the anchor points at the fluid interface. The adaptability of the robot to the pipeline environment was evaluated by the average driving pressure difference, the average friction and the Mises stress peak value of the sealing cup. The parametric model of the pipeline robots with three and five cabins were developed to investigate the influence of pipeline geometrical parameters on the robots adaptability to internal pipeline environment. The numerical analysis results indicated that compared with the pipeline robot with three cabins, the average velocity and amplitude of velocity of the pipeline robot with five cabins were decreased by 5.3% and 18.6%,. and the running stability was better than that of the pipeline robot with three cabins, the average driving different pressure, friction force and peak values of mises stress of the sealing cups for the the pipeline robot with five cabins increased by 56.9%, 95.7% and 42.0% compared with the pipeline robot with three cabins, which showed that with the increase of the numbers of the cabins, the deformation of the sealing cup increased further, and the fluid needed to provide a larger driving pressure difference to overcome the friction, but the running stability of the robot was improved. For the pipeline robots with three and five cabins, the average friction force, the average driving pressure difference and the Mises stress peak value of sealing cups were all the maximum when the height of weld beading was 20 mm, the bending angle of bending section was 90° and the radius of curvature was 300 mm, thats of the pipeline robot with three cabins were 0.63 MPa, 5.64 kN and 24.16 MPa, respectivly, and 0.98 MPa, 10.61 kN and 28.30 MPa for the pipeline robot with five cabins Therefore, compared with the pipeline robot with three cabins, the pipeline robot with five cabins need to consume more fluid pressure energy to overcome the constraint resistance of the pipeline under dangerous conditions, the sealing cup is easier to wear, which weakens the sealing performance and has higher risk of brittle fracture. The research results can provide reference for the evaluation and design optimization of pipeline robot.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Pipelines
Controlled terms:Deformation - Fluid structure interaction - Friction - Geometry - Machine design - Piecewise linear techniques - Robots - Tensile testing
Uncontrolled terms:Differential pressures - Eulerian-lagrangian - Flexible multibody systems - Fluid structure couplings - Fluid-solid coupling - Piecewise linear interface calculations - Pressure differences - Uniaxial tensile test
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 731.5 Robotics - 921 Mathematics - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.06e+04N, Force 5.64e+03N, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 5.69e+01%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Pressure 2.42e+07Pa, Pressure 2.83e+07Pa, Pressure 6.30e+05Pa, Pressure 9.80e+05Pa, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20202708904215
Title:Effects of cold smoking on physicochemical properties and myosin conformations of Coregonus peled
Title of translation:冷熏对高白鲑理化性质及肌球蛋白构象的影响
Authors:Li, Xin (1); Wang, Lan (1); Shi, Liu (1); Wu, Wenjin (1); Ding, Anzi (1); Xiong, Guangquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agro-Products Processing and Nuclear-Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, Guangquan(351609901@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:254-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The effect of cold smoking treatment on the physicochemical properties and myosin conformations of Coregonus peled from Sayram Lake (Xinjiang, China) were studied. The parameters of cold smoking machine were set as (20±2)℃ of environment temperature and 140℃ of smoke temperature, respectively. Pre-treated Coregonus peled was subjected to different cold smoking duration (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h, respectively), and then the changes of its physicochemical properties (moisture content, water activity (Aw), color, texture and TVB-N content) were investigated; then myosin was extracted from treated fish muscle, and its conformation change (myosin content, total sulfhydryl content, Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase activity and surface hydrophobicity) was studied as well. During the 24 h of cold smoking treatment, the moisture content of fish muscle was significantly decreased from 75.75% to 53.03% (P<0.05), and the Aw was significantly decreased from 0.988 to 0.952. The value of lightness (L<sup>*</sup>), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) of fresh fish flesh was 58.64, -0.80 and 3.00, respectively. With the extension of smoking time, L<sup>*</sup> was significantly decreased (P<0.05), a* was slowly increased (P<0.05) and b* was significantly increased (P<0.05), and finally thecolor of fish flesh was transferred from gloss white to yellowish-brown. Both the shear force and toughness of fish meat subjected to cold smoking treatment were obviously increased (P<0.05) with the prolongation of smoking time. Meanwhile, the TVB-N content of fish product was gradually increased from 9.81 to 14.43 mg/100 g after the cold smoking treatment (24 h), which met the country’s national safety standards.On the other hand, the content of extracted myosin from Coregonus peled muscle was significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the extension of smoking time, along with the decrease (P<0.05) of total sulfhydryl content and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase activity. The surface hydrophobicity of extracted myosin was continually increased during smokingtreatment (P<0.05). The results suggested that cold smoking treatment could lead to the protein denaturation of fish, and the degree of protein denaturation was getting severer when the treated time was longer. Therefore, comprehensively considering the results of sensory evaluation, freshness, protein denaturation of cold-smoked Coregonus peled and economic cost and production period of fish processing, 12 h of cold smoking treatment could effectively obtain the superior quality of cold smoked Coregonus peled. This paper could provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the development of cold smoked special freshwater products and for the control of the protein oxidation of fish product during cold smoking processing.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Physicochemical properties
Controlled terms:Denaturation - Fish - Fish products - Hydrophobicity - Moisture - Moisture determination - Muscle - Proteins - Quality control - Smoke - Textures - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Conformation change - Environment temperature - Protein denaturation - Protein oxidation - Smoke temperature - Sulfhydryl content - Surface hydrophobicity - Technical guidances
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Time 4.32e+04s, Time 6.48e+04s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20202708904225
Title:Influences of boundary conditions on the initial gap of preloading water-filled spiral case
Title of translation:约束方式对蜗壳初始保压缝隙形成机理的影响分析
Authors:Guo, Tao (1); Zhang, Lixiang (1); Li, Shijie (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Engineering Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) POWERCHINA Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, Kunming; 650051, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The structure of preloading filling spiral case can take full advantage of the strength of steel, lower stress of outside concrete, reduce the ratio of reinforcement and make the structure of the spiral case safe, reliable. Hydraulic structure of preloading filling spiral case has been widely applied due to its excellent advantage in the strength of steel, low stress of concrete outside, and the low ratio of reinforcement with safety and reliability. In view of the complex shape of the spiral case, it is impossible to exactly ensure that all parts work under the ideal situation of design load, and the deformation cannot all inflation at the same time. Moreover, the action of axial force from the bulkhead under internal pressure has also posed a significant influence on spiral case deformation in the construction process of a constant internal pressure spiral case. Therefore, the initial gap of spiral case usually presents local closed and non-uniform conditions. It is necessary to explore the initial non-uniform gap and contact behavior, in order to approaching an ideal situation of no gap, no energy transfers between spiral case and surrounding concrete. The accurate evaluation of initial non-uniform gap is also a prerequisite of solution algorithm for preloading structure of water-filled spiral case. However, the constraint way on the construction phase needs to be considered because the initial gap value varies with the preloading water head and boundary conditions in the specific application sites. In this paper, a modified simulation algorithm based on the construction process is proposed to study the preloading water-filled spiral case of NZD project. The results show that the proposed method can effectively simulate the initial gap with non-uniform and local closed condition that caused by the asymmetrical structure of spiral case. The variation of initial gap strongly depends on the radial deformation of spiral case. Compared with the simplified method, this modified algorithm considers the gap and contact relationship, which is key factor to make both interaction and transfer force more complicated in previous studies. The deep analysis has carried out on the influence of different support forms, such as continuous and discrete support, and contact behavior on the initial gap during the calculation. There are important effects support form and contact on the specific value of the initial gap. Especially in the entrance section of spiral case, there is a 1.8 times difference, compared to that without considering the contact conditions. The reason is that the contact behavior of the initial can increase the sideslip of structure when preloading filling spiral case. The findings demonstrate that the simulated results are more reasonable after considering the contact conditions of the initial gap, compared with the measured data from hydraulic structure sites.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Concretes
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Construction - Deformation - Energy transfer - Filling - Hydraulic structures - Reinforcement - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Asymmetrical structures - Constant internal pressures - Construction process - Modified algorithms - Preloading filling spiral case - Simulation algorithms - Solution algorithms - Structure of waters
Classification code:405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 412 Concrete - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20202708904221
Title:Development of variable rate fertilizer applicator based on distribution characteristics of banana roots
Title of translation:基于香蕉根系分布特征的变量施肥机研制
Authors:Yang, Zhou (1, 2); Ou, Zhiwu (1); Sun, Jianfeng (1); Duan, Jieli (1); Song, Shuaishuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Jiaying University, Meizhou; 514015, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Jianfeng(sunjianfeng@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fertilizer is an important condition for the crops growth and yield. In recent years, the use of agricultural fertilizer in China has increased significantly, which has brought a lot of environmental pollution and resource waste. Therefore, rational fertilization is one of the urgent problems in agricultural production. In order to solve the problems of unreasonable fertilizer distribution and low efficiency in banana fertilization operations by hands, this paper designed a variable rate fertilizer applicator based on the distribution characteristics of the banana roots. The distribution characteristics of banana roots at different growth stages were analyzed statistically, and the theory of variable rate fertilization was constructed. The fertilization decisions based on the distribution characteristics of banana roots were obtained, and the variable rate fertilizer applicator was designed, the prototype experiments were carried out. The results showed that the length of fertilization at the banana seedling stage was not more than 22 cm, the amount of total fertilization was not more than 0.150 kg, the ratio of fertilizer amount sowed in the primary and secondary fertilization areas was about 5: 8: 5 and the fertilization length ratio was about 1: 2: 1. The fertilization length at the vegetative growth stage was not more that 42 cm, the amount of total fertilization was not more that 0.200 kg, the ratio of fertilizer amount sowed in the primary and secondary fertilization areas was about 1: 2: 1 and the fertilization length ratio was about 1: 5: 1. The length of fertilization at the reproductive developmental stage was not more that 84 cm, the amount of total fertilization was not more that 0.300 kg, the ratio of fertilizer amount sowed in the primary and secondary fertilization areas was about 5: 11: 5 and the fertilization length ratio was about 1: 3: 1. The field tests results showed that when the forward speed of the fertilizer applicator was 0.38 m/s, the rotation speed of the fertilizer plate was 22 r/min, and the central angle of the leaking hole was 120°, the average relative error between the theoretical value and the actual value of the fertilization amount was 5.74%, the qualified rate of fertilizer application was 93%, which meet the requirements of banana fertilization operation. The growth of banana plants fertilized by variable rate fertilizer applicator was better than that of the conventional artificial drill fertilization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Applicators - Fruits
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Average relative error - Different growth stages - Distribution characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Fertilizer applications - Variable rate fertilization - Variable rate fertilizer applicators
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.50e-01kg, Mass 2.00e-01kg, Mass 3.00e-01kg, Percentage 5.74e+00%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.20e+01RPM, Size 2.20e-01m, Size 4.20e-01m, Size 8.40e-01m, Velocity 3.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20202708904275
Title:Algorithm for detecting pomegranate disease spots based on Prewitt operator with adaptive threshold
Title of translation:自适应阈值Prewitt的石榴病斑检测算法
Authors:Ju, Zhiyong (1); Xue, Yongjie (1); Zhang, Wenxin (1); Zhai, Chunyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Sciences and Technology, Shanghai; 200093, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:135-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pomegranates are one of the economic fruits in China. The timely detection of pomegranate diseases and the corresponding preventive measures are important to increase crop yields and reduce economic losses. To tackle the issues that traditional edge detection operators usually resulted in low accuracy of the detection of pomegranate diseases and its contour, low anti-noise capability, and created false edges, this study presented an improved Prewitt operator with an adaptive threshold. Firstly, in the image pre-processing stage, the pending image was enhanced by high-frequency emphasize filter, and the high-frequency component, which represented to the details of the pomegranate sample in the image, was increased by the filter. On the contrary, the low-frequency component, which represented to the background of the pomegranate sample, was attenuated to facilitate the following image processing. Since the most original images contained the Gaussian noise, bilateral filtering was used to process the noise present in the image. The weighted average of the brightness values of adjacent pixels was used to represent the intensity of a pixel. The weighted average method was used based on Gaussian distribution. The weight calculation took into account both the Euclidean distance between the pixels and the radiation difference in the pixel range domain to better maintain edge feature information. Secondly, a fifth-order convolutional mask was proposed. The weights of the elements in the mask were set according to the properties of the Gaussian noise probability distribution to reduce the effect of noise on the algorithm. The weight of the central element of the convolutional mask was increased so that the edge information of the image had higher contrast. In terms of gradient calculation, eight direction templates were used to perform the convolutional operation of the image, then the gradient values of each direction were calculated. After that, the corresponding gradient values were obtained, and the gradient values of eight directions were combined into eight groups according to the rule of orthogonality. As a result, there was 90 degrees difference between each group of gradients. Then calculated the L2 norm of each set of gradients, and used the largest value of L2 norm as the gradient of the current pixel. It was shown that it was only necessary to calculate the convolutions in half the direction due to the convolutional results in opposite directions were inverse to each other. The gradients of the rest of the direction could be obtained by its symmetric property. The adaptive threshold was implemented through the minimum error method to decrease the probability of false detection and prune irrelevant details. The mean and variance of the target and background were calculated, meanwhile, the minimum error objective function was obtained according to the principle of the minimum error classification. The value that minimizes the objective function was taken as the optimal threshold. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in this paper, 607 test images were manually collected as samples in the natural environment from different angles and different illumination conditions. To further reduce the interference of light changes and suppress background noise, the pending images were converted into grayscale images. Therefore, the algorithm was tested using the converted grayscale images. The experimental results showed that the algorithm proposed in this study achieved a better definition at the edge of the lesion. Compared with the traditional edge detection operator, it achieved a higher recognition accuracy and lower running time. The peak signal to noise ratio of the obtained image was higher, and the obtained edge was complete and accurate. The algorithm proposed in this paper could quickly and accurately detect the area of pomegranate lesions, providing a fundamental reference for the future prevention of pomegranate diseases.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Convolution - Errors - Gaussian distribution - Gaussian noise (electronic) - Image coding - Inverse problems - Losses - Pixels - Signal to noise ratio - Statistical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Edge-detection operators - Gradient calculations - High frequency components - Illumination conditions - Low-frequency components - Peak signal to noise ratio - Target and background - Weighted average method
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20202708904254
Title:Effects of coexisting Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, intracellular polymeric substances and extracellular polymeric substances of anoxic sludge
Title of translation:Fe<sup>3+</sup>和Na<sup>+</sup>共存对缺氧污泥脱氮除磷效率和胞内外聚合物的影响
Authors:Zhang, Lanhe (1, 2); Xu, Ying (1); Chen, Zicheng (1); Zhang, Xiaoyu (2); Guan, Xiaohui (1); Zhang, Haifeng (1); Xu, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zicheng(chenzicheng@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:197-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Salty wastewater from seawater toilet-flushing in coastal cities can dramatically change the bioactivation and bioflocculation of activated sludge in sewage treatment system, particularly on extracellular osmotic pressure of microorganisms for the separation of cytodermand and cytoplasm. In order to improve bioflocculation for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, this study aims to investigate the effects of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> on the removal of pollutants in activated sludge, and the evolution reaction mechanism of intracellular polymeric substances (IPS) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the anoxic zone of a A<sup>2</sup>O process. The contents of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and glycogen in IPS under multiple metal ions were analyzed using gas chromatography and anthrone colorimetry. The compositions and structures of EPS were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), in order to reveal the relationship between Fe<sup>3+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>, IPS, EPS and sludge flocculation. The results showed that the addition of single Fe<sup>3+</sup> can contribute to the removal of COD, TN and TP, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, and the total IPS and EPS. More substances were accumulated on the surface of microbial cells under the flocculation of Fe<sup>3+</sup>. Compared with the addition of Fe<sup>3+</sup> alone, the combination of Fe<sup>3+</sup> (10 mg/L) and Na<sup>+</sup> (0.5 g/L) can increase the removal of COD, TN and TP from 42%, 41% and 45% to 45%, 43% and 49%, respectively. Low concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> can promote the respiration of microorganisms to save the generation time of cells, and thereby enhance the removal of organic compounds in activated sludge system. Although the increase in the total IPS and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase, the low concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> can inhibit the secretion of EPS to result in the decrease of the total EPS. The removal of COD, TN and TP decreased when Fe<sup>3+</sup> was 10 mg/L and Na<sup>+</sup> was higher than 1 g/L. In contrast, the high concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> inhibited the microbial activity, and some microorganisms that cannot adapt to the environment were eliminated. The reason can be that the osmotic pressure outside the microbial cells increased to separate the cytoderm from the cytoplasm. The total IPS decreased, whereas the total EPS increased, indicating that the high concentration of Na<sup>+</sup> can promote the EPS production. In FTIR analysis, the concentration changes of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> did not cause significant changes of groups’ compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). In 3D-EEM analysis, the addition of Fe<sup>3+</sup> caused a visible-type tryptophan peak, while the addition of Na<sup>+</sup> resulted in the peak degradation of tryptophan and humic acids, thereby to change EPS composition. A competitive growth was found between IPS and EPS. Specifically, when IPS/EPS was high (the accumulation of IPS was dominant, whereas that of EPS was relatively low), the bioflocculation of activated sludge was favorable. When IPS/EPS was low (EPS was relatively high), the bioflocculation can be slow in activated sludge during salty wastewater treatment system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Activated sludge process
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Cells - Cytology - Flocculation - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gas chromatography - Metal ions - Metals - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Osmosis - Ostwald ripening - Phosphatases - Phosphorus - Wastewater treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Activated sludge systems - ALkaline phosphatase - Concentration change - Excitation emission matrices - Extracellular polymeric substances - Microbial activities - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal
Classification code:452.2 Sewage Treatment - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 531.1 Metallurgy - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20202708904232
Title:Decision-making behaviors and influence factors of pig farmers at different scales against African swine fever
Title of translation:非洲猪瘟背景下养猪户决策行为及其影响因素
Authors:Zhou, Xunzhang (1); Li, Gungdong (2); Meng, Xianhua (2); Yang, Jianglan (1); Lu, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) Hebei Animal Husbandry General Station, Shijiazhuang; 050035, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Jian(lujianacu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:316-324
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aims to explore the impact of African swine fever epidemic on the decision-making behavior of pig farmers, and thereby to provide decision-making reference for the stable production and supply of live pigs. The survey data are come from 786 pig farmers in Hebei Province, China. Three procedures can be performed in the study. Firstly, a multiple disorder logistic model was established to find the factors affecting the decision-making behavior of pig farmers. Secondly, the cross-listing and logistic grouping regression were used to analyze some differences in decision-making behaviors of pig farmers from different farm sizes. Finally, the corresponding analysis methods were used to investigate the biosecurity behavior and preferences of pig farmers against African swine fever epidemic. The results show that: 1) There are positive and negative influence factors related to the production decision-making behavior of pig farmers in African swine fever. The positive factors are the breeding scale, biosecurity prevention and control measures, assessment of the prevention and control effect in the biosecurity system, and other financial funding. The negative factors are the loss from diseases and the cost of biosafety systems. Specifically, the pig farmers from a high breeding scale, better evaluation of the prevention and control effect in various available biosecurity system, tended to adopt the positive decision-making behavior of expanding the breeding scale based on the current state. The principal component method was used to calculate three indicators, including relatives’ help, government funding and other financial investing. If the index values of three comprehensive external support were high, pig farmers can be possible to promote the breeding scale. But if the great loss was suffered by the African swine fever epidemic, particularly on financial lacking in the construction and usage of biosafety systems, pig farmers were likely to reduce the scale of breeding, and even withdraw from the market. 2) There were significant differences in the decision-making behaviors of pig farmers from different farming sizes. Three aspects related to the differences are risk perception of pig farmers, prevention and control abilities of biological safety system, and external financial support. The pig households from small scale usually faced much more various restrictive factors. 3) There were some differences in biosecurity prevention and control measures adopted by pig farmers from different sizes. The specific performance was as followed: large- and medium-scale pig farmers prefer to adopt point-based feeding method, all-out all-entry feeding mode, Site selection and layout of pig farms, epidemic prevention of objects entering and leaving pig farms, prevention and control of mosquitoes, rats, birds, introduction and isolation management, and other prevention and control measures based on hardware contributions. Small scale and free-range households mostly adopted total disinfection management, feed and drinking water management and epidemic prevention, vehicle management to enter and exit the pig farm and epidemic prevention, vaccine, drug use management and epidemic prevention, entry to and from pig farm personnel management and epidemic prevention, environmental management and epidemic prevention in and out of pig farms, and other prevention and control measures that favor the software attribute. The paper proposed to take two measures for state, 1) to support the development of large-scale pig farms and build a social biosafety prevention and control system, for pig farmers 2) to strengthen prevention and control measures for high biological safety, and to improve management level in a collective development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Mammals
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biohazards - Controlled drug delivery - Disease control - Environmental management - Finance - Human resource management - Logistic regression - Potable water - Risk perception - Site selection - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Biological safety - Decision-making behaviors - Government funding - Personnel management - Prevention and controls - Principal Components - Production decisions - Vehicle management
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20202708904311
Title:Influences of first-drying methods on the quality of Congou black tea using partial least squares-discrimination analysis
Title of translation:采用PLS-DA分析毛火方式对工夫红茶品质的影响
Authors:Hua, Jinjie (1); Wang, Huajie (1); Wang, Jinjin (1); Li, Jia (1); Jiang, Yongwen (1); Wang, Yueliang (2); Yuan, Haibo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tea Processing Engineer of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310008, China; (2) Yuyao Yaojiang Yuan Tea Tea Machine Co., Ltd, Yuyao; 315400, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Haibo(192168092@tricaas.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:260-270
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Processing of Congou black tea usually includes five procedures: withering, rolling, fermentation, first-drying and second-drying. Water content of a tea leaf is an important indicator for the black tea processing, particularly water loss most in first-drying, from 58%-64% of the fermented leaves to 20%-25% of the first-drying leaves. With a large amount of evaporation from leaf water and a rapid rise of leaf temperature, the enzymatic reaction in the leaves can be inhibited, while a large number of violent thermochemical reactions occur, in order to promote the transformation and upgrade of quality substances, and thereby to obtain the formation of excellent aroma, taste, color and other qualities of black tea. In this paper, two leaves and a bud of Fuding Dabai species were selected as raw material to make trial production of Congou black tea, in order to explore the influence of rotary pot-hot air coupling first-drying with electromagnetic heat on first-drying characteristic and quality formation of Congou black tea. Four methods were used, including chain plate hot air first-drying (CHFD), box hot air first-drying (BHFD), rotary pot first-drying (RFD), and rotary pot-hot air coupling first-drying with electromagnetic heat (RHFD). Multiple features and indicators were compared, such as 29 kinds of non-volatile tea indexes (polyphenols, catechins, tea pigments, soluble sugar, caffeine, amino acids, et al), 114 kinds of volatile aroma indexes that tested by GC-MS/MS, 10 kinds of evaluation indexes of leaf shape and liquor color, quality evaluation of artificial sensory and performance indexes of first-drying methods (production efficiency, energy cost, thermal efficiency, etc.). Partial least squares-discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was then used to analyze the influence of first-drying methods on the taste, liquor color, and aroma quality formation of high-quality Congou black tea, finally to obtain the typical features of difference compounds. The results show that: 1) in RHFD treatment, the contents of tea polyphenols and total amount of catechins were the lowest, and the contents of total simple catechins, thearubigins, soluble sugar, TDE and 10TFRB were the highest, whereas the effect of first-drying methods on the total amount of theaflavins was not significant (P<0.05); 2) the total amount of volatile compounds was observed in the order of RHFD, RFD, BHFD, and CHFD; 3) the RHFD treatment can achieve the highest content of aromatic hydrocarbons, and terpenes. The rotary pot-hot air coupling first-drying (RHFD) method indicated some advantages, including fast heating (only 14 minutes), uniform temperature distribution and good stability, high thermal efficiency (50.0%), high production efficiency (220 kg/h), and low production cost (only 0.32 Yuan/kg). Moreover, the black tea after RHFD treatment has been significantly improved, indicating soup color brightness (La value), aroma sweetness, taste sweetness and refreshing, and the total score of sensory quality reaches the highest (88.1). PLS-DA also shows that Congou black tea can be distinguished by four kinds of first-drying methods from non-volatile (43 types obtained) and volatile (18 types obtained) compounds. The typical compounds are obtained, such as 2, 4, 6-tris(1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylcyclohexa-2, 5-dien-1-one, geraniol, 3-octanone, methyl salicylate, theaflavin (TF), theabrownins (TBs), total soluble sugar (SSs), epicatechin (EC). These compounds can be used as indicators to identify the first-drying methods of Congou black tea, and then to produce "sweet fragrance aroma", "sweet alcohol taste", "high brightness liquor color" and other high-quality Congou black tea. This study can provide a technical reference and theoretical guidance to process much high quality of black tea.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Aromatic hydrocarbons - Biomarkers - Color - Costs - Essential oils - Flavonoids - Least squares approximations - Low temperature production - Luminance - Odors - Phenols - Quality control - Sugar industry - Tea - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Drying characteristics - Enzymatic reaction - Partial least squares discrimination analysis - Performance indices - Production efficiency - Thermal efficiency - Thermochemical reactions - Volatile compounds
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822 Food Technology - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 6.11e-02kg/s, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01% to 6.40e+01%, Time 8.40e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20202708904245
Title:Effects of ultrafine crushing on microstructure and functional properties of highland barley bran powder
Title of translation:超微粉碎对青稞麸皮粉微观结构及功能特性的影响
Authors:Zhao, Mengmeng (1); Dang, Bin (1, 2); Zhang, Wengang (1, 2); Zhang, Jie (1, 2); Yang, Xijuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China; (2) Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Xining; 810016, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xijuan(156044169@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:278-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Superfine grinding is one of the effective techniques to change the microstructure and physicochemical properties of materials. In this study, the highland barley bran was selected as a raw material to prepare micropowder A and B, and then their microstructure and physicochemical properties were investigated to evaluate the processing feasibility of ultrafine powders for food supplements. Experimental methods, including laser particle size instrument (LPA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA), were adopted to characterize the morphology and physicochemical properties of ground powders after superfine grinding. Moreover, many functional indexes were also evaluated during materials characterization, including chroma, resting angle, sliding angle, swelling force, packing density, compaction density, water solubility, water/oil holding capacity, cation adsorption capacity and the cholic acid adsorption capacity. Results show that the particle size of obtained bran powders gradually decrease, and powder textures are refined than before. The average particle size of coarse powders, micropowder A and B are 335.94 µm, 72.52 µm and 22.69 µm, respectively. The maximum mass loss rates and temperature range of three types of barleybran powders indicate a slight difference in TG analysis. As the particle size decreases, the barley bran powders are more sensitive to thermal decomposition, while the thermal stability gradually decreases. FTIR confirmed that there was no new absorption peaks, and only relatively small changes in the intensity of the absorption peaks from two types of micropowders, when compared to the coarse highland barley bran powder. There was no position changes of main characteristic peaks, indicating that no chemical reaction occur in micropowder A and B. In XRD patterns, the diffraction peaks of 2θ at 16° and 18.8° show that the remained starch in the highland barley bran is A type crystalline, and the diffraction peaks of 2θ at 20.18°, 34.05°, 22.9°, and 18.8° are ascribed to the cellulose type I starch. The peak characteristics weaken with the decrease of particle size, as well the width of half peaks and the intensity of peaks in the diffraction patterns. Furthermore, there are also some changes in the enthalpies and peak temperatures of different powders after superfine grinding treatment, indicating that the enthalpies of coarse powder, micropowder A and B increase from 23.89 J/g to 32.95 J/g. Gelatinization temperatures of slightly ground highland barley bran increase, whereas the initial temperature, peak temperature and the final temperature have a significant impact on the thermodynamic properties of the fine-powdered highland barley bran. As the grain size of highland barley bran decreases, the viscosity of obtained powders increases, including peak viscosity, valley viscosity, final viscosity and disintegration value. Superfine grinding treatment can reduce the regrowth value of highland barley bran. With the decrease of the grain size, the resting angle, sliding angle, adsorption water and oil holding capacity, expansion force, vibration density, accumulation density and cation exchange capacity of the fine powders also significantly reduce, indicating that superfine grinding can change the microstructure and physicochemical properties of residual starch in highland barley bran. This study can provide a theoretical basis and technical support to improve the full utilization of highland barley bran, and thereby to transfer micronized highland barley bran powders to serve as the food supplemental materials.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Decomposition - Differential scanning calorimetry - Disintegration - Driers (materials) - Enthalpy - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gelation - Grain size and shape - Grinding (machining) - Morphology - Nanocrystalline materials - Oils and fats - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Physicochemical properties - Positive ions - Powders - Scanning electron microscopy - Starch - Swelling - Temperature - Textures - Thermogravimetric analysis - Viscosity - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Average particle size - Cation exchange capacities - Fourier transform infrared spectrometer - Functional properties - Gelatinization temperature - Materials characterization - Oil holding capacities
Classification code:604.2 Machining Operations - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Specific_Energy 2.39e+04J/kg to 3.30e+04J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20202708904271
Title:Characteristics, application and prospects of bubbled-root irrigation
Title of translation:涌泉根灌节水灌溉技术特点, 应用及展望
Authors:He, Zhenjia (1); Fan, Wangtao (1); Du, Yichun (1); Pan, Daili (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an; 710075, China; (2) Research Center of Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100085, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:287-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bubbled-root irrigation is an efficient water saving technique for irrigation of fruit trees that has been used in China. It is a subsurface micro-irrigation technology that can directly deliver water and fertilizer to the crop root zone for local irrigation. This study reviewed the characteristics, application status of the bubbled-root irrigation technique and proposed its development directions. The structural characteristics, working principles, irrigation methods, layout, hydraulic performance, costs and operation management of bubbled-root irrigation technology were summarized. The advantages of bubbled-root irrigation compared with traditional micro-irrigation were discussed. In addition, the application effect of this technology in fields was reviewed. The problems and developmental direction were proposed. The bubbled-root irrigation was better than drip irrigation, micro-sprinkling irrigation, and underground seepage irrigation because it overcame the shortcoming of those irrigation technologies such as the emitter clogging, aging of pipelines and low water use efficiency for fruit trees. The bubbled-root irrigation in fruit trees could not only save water and labors but also improve water and fertilizer use efficiency. Compared to the drip irrigation, the bubbled-root irrigation could lower the cost by 2 030 Yuan/hm<sup>2</sup> and increase the benefit by 2 480 Yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>. Because the pipelines were buried into the soils, the influence of operations on soil surface such as tillage was small and thus it facilitated the field management. Meanwhile, the soil moisture condition could be improved by inhibiting evaporation and preventing soils from hardening and cracking. The technique had high water use efficiency and could enhance the yield. However, it would face challenges such as less practices, irrigation system to be optimized, the performance of emitter to be optimized an so on. Attentions should paid to the following areas: 1) improving and optimizing the performance of the irrigation equipment; 2) improving the level of informatization and automation management of bubbled root irrigation on the basis of the existing technology; 3) improving the performance of irrigation devices; and 4) optimizing irrigation systems of typical fruit trees. The bubbled-root irrigation has been promoted and applied in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, China and has achieved remarkable results. The use of bubbled-root irrigation technology for jujube irrigation greatly saved water and fertilizer consumption, alleviated the pressure caused by the serious shortage of water resources in northern Shaanxi and effectively improved the water and fertilizer utilization rate. However, the promotion and application of this technology also had certain limitations. Future studies should test if the technique is suitable to the other areas since the soil types, topographic conditions and the types of fruit trees in the other regions may change. The review would provide valuable information for the cultivation of fruit trees with less water and high yield.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:77
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Fertilizers - Forestry - Fruits - Orchards - Pipelines - Soil moisture - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Automation management - Bubbled-root irrigations - Development directions - Hydraulic performance - Irrigation equipment - Sprinkling irrigation - Structural characteristics - Topographic conditions
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20202708904239
Title:Status quo of industrialized aquaculture of Atlantic salmon in Norway and its implications for China
Title of translation:挪威大西洋鲑鱼工业化养殖现状及对中国的启示
Authors:Zhang, Yulei (1, 2, 3); Ni, Qi (1, 2); Liu, Huang (1, 2); Zhang, Chenglin (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai; 200092, China; (2) Blue Ocean Fishery Associated Lab, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266237, China; (3) Laboratory of Fishery Equipment and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-315
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Atlantic salmon is one of aquaculture species with the largest production by value around the world according to the data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The production of Atlantic salmon began from 1960s in Norway. After about 60 years, current Norway has become a leading country in salmon farming worldwide, and held various regulation including farming license, the maximum allowed biomass (MAB), traffic lights. The paper aims to systematically review the important advancements in the production of Atlantic salmon in Norway, and make recommendations for future development of Chinese aquaculture industry. According to the statistics number published by FAO, Norway produced 123.4 million tons of slaughtered Atlantic salmon in 2017, accounting for about 54.9% of production volume in world total, and 61.635 billion NOK by value. 10 global companies, including Salmar, Cermaq, and Marine Harvest, have produced 63.9% of the Norwegian production of Atlantic salmon. According to the prediction from Norsk Industry Alliance, the Norwegian Atlantic salmon production will achieve over 200 billion NOK in 2030, and 300 billion NOK in 2050, by solving the problems of sea lice, escaped fish and recycle of fish feces. In 2017, there were 986 sea farming sites, and 7 499 employees working on salmon farming in Norway. A typical procedure of land-ocean relay farming mode can be found in Norwegian salmon raising. During the first year, fish eggs are fertilized, and then the fishes can grow to 100 grams in land-based freshwater supported by a recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) facility. Subsequently, the fishes are transferred to sea farming sites, where they will be raised to about 4-5 kg per fish in the sea cage. In each sea site, there are normally 6-10 sea cages with the diameter of 50-200 m and the depth of 20-50 m, indicating the high-density culture of 25 kg/m<sup>3</sup> when harvesting. Finally, one floating platform that people can live on can be set near the sea cages, to monitor the sea water quality and fish behavior in real time. Commercial working ship can also provide essential services to farmers, such as fish harvesting, fish transfer, and net cleaning. In order to protect the ecological environment of sea fields, the regulation that approved by Norwegian government requires: 1) the distance between sea sites must be larger than 1 km, 2) the distance between sea site and land-based raising facility must be larger than 3 km, and 3) the farming period cannot be longer than two years. With the deterioration of global warming and inshore water quality, it is demanding for more and more operation and management in salmon production. Norwegian salmon farming is now changing from open net cages to closed containment system, from inshore to offshore. In China, sea fish production began at 1980s for 40 years, and the technology and whole industry chain have been fast developed. The total production of sea fish has achieved 1 400 kt with the total value of 65-70 billion Yuan in 2018. Compared with Norwegian production of Atlantic salmon, there are some big challenges for China’s to achieve high efficiency of enterprise organization, much more variety of fish species and promising faming mode. In this broad overview of Norwegian Atlantic salmon industry, some recommendations can be made for the future aquaculture industry in China. Four suggestions are: 1) To improve access requirements of fish farming, and strengthen process supervision and environmental assessment; 2) to set different development strategy for different species; 3) to introduce advanced system of fish fry production; 4) to accelerate the research on offshore farming facility and land-sea faming mode.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aquaculture - Deterioration - Global warming - Harvesting - Offshore oil well production - Seawater - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture industry - Development strategies - Ecological environments - Environmental assessment - Food and agriculture organizations - High-density cultures - Operation and management - Recirculating aquaculture system
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 445.2 Water Analysis - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr, Age 6.00e+01yr, Mass 1.00e-01kg, Mass 4.00e+00kg to 5.00e+00kg, Mass_Density 2.50e+01kg/m3, Percentage 5.49e+01%, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 2.00e+01m to 5.00e+01m, Size 3.00e+03m, Size 5.00e+01m to 2.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20202708904294
Title:Fuzzy PID control of manipulator positioning for taking the whole row seedlings of tomato plug seedlings
Title of translation:番茄钵苗整排取苗手定位的模糊PID控制
Authors:Ren, Ling (1, 2); Wang, Ning (1, 2); Cao, Weibin (1, 2); Li, Jiangquan (1, 2); Ye, Xingchen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Weibin(Wbc828@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:21-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The planting mode of plug seedling transplanting is adopted for tomato planting in Xinjiang, the whole row seedlings taking can greatly improve the working efficiency and meet the requirements of large-scale planting and transplanting. However, due to the load increases of the manipulator, there will be great friction and vibration during the movement, which cause positioning error, resulting in seedling taking failure, seedling damage and leakage, so the key to realize the automatic transplanting is to correct the displacement errors in time and positioning the manipulator accurately. In order to solve the problems of seedling taking failure, seedling damage and seedling leakage caused by the positioning error of the manipulator during the operation of the automatic transplanter, and realize the accurate and rapid positioning of the whole row seedling taking manipulator, this paper adopted the fuzzy PID control algorithm to realize the stepper positioning control of the automatic seedling taking manipulator and the accurate and fast positioning of the whole row seedling taking manipulator. Firstly, the positioning accuracy requirements of the manipulator in horizontal and vertical directions were analyzed according to the whole row seedling taking test platform. The two-phase hybrid stepper motor was taken as the object to establish the stepper motor angular velocity control model. After that the fuzzy rules and related controller were designed. Secondly, the feasibility of the PID and fuzzy PID control methods were verified from overshoot, response time and stability by MATLAB/Simulink tool, respectively. The results indicated that the optimal PID parameters were 20, 0.2 and 1, the adjusting time of the traditional fixed-parameter PID control was 0.285 s, that of the fuzzy-PID controlI was 0.25 s. The control effects of traditional fixed-parameter PID control PID and fuzzy PID control with disturbance was then analyzed. The overshoot of the fuzzy PID control system was 40%, and the time required to reach the steady state was 1.34 s, both of which were less than that of the traditional fixed-parameter PID control 43% and 1.45 s. Bench test results showed that the maximum displacement error of the fuzzy PID control algorithm was 2.8 mm, the average relative error of positioning was 0.81%, while that of the fixed-parameter PID control algorithm were 5.5 mm and 1.23%, respectively. The proposed method realized the stepping positioning control of whole row seedlings taking manipulator, enhanced the location accuracy of the manipulator, and improved the anti-interference and the stability of the control system. The study not only provides a reference for the research and development of the control system of the automatic transplanting machine, but also provides a reference for the positioning of manipulator and the control scheme in nonlinear environment.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Three term control systems
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Errors - Fruits - Fuzzy inference - Manipulators - Parameter estimation - Seed - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Fuzzy - pid controls - Hybrid stepper motors - Maximum displacement - Nonlinear environments - Positioning accuracy - Research and development - Transplanting machine
Classification code:705.3 Electric Motors - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.23e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 8.10e-01%, Size 2.80e-03m, Size 5.50e-03m, Time 1.34e+00s, Time 1.45e+00s, Time 2.50e-01s, Time 2.85e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20202708904209
Title:Spatiotemporal response characteristics of agricultural drought to meteorological drought from a three-dimensional perspective
Title of translation:基于三维视角的农业干旱对气象干旱的时空响应关系
Authors:Feng, Kai (1, 2); Su, Xiaoling (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Su, Xiaoling(xiaolingsu@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:103-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Meteorological drought is an important driving factor of agriculture drought in their inherent correlation. Characteristics and estimation of agricultural drought response to meteorological drought can contribute to understanding the mechanism of drought evolution, and assessment of drought mitigation measures. However, most previous studies are lacking in the spatiotemporal continuity of drought evolution. In this study, the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution of droughts in the Heihe River Basin during 1961-2014 was analyzed using a three-dimensional identification method, where the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and agriculture standardized precipitation index (aSPI) were used to evaluate the meteorological drought and agricultural drought. A spatiotemporal matching criterion of drought event was proposed to determine the event pair of meteorological-agricultural drought, and thereby a response model of drought variables was established based on the spatiotemporal characteristics of agriculture drought response to meteorological drought. The results showed that 1) three-dimensional perspective can benefit to recognition for the dynamic evolution rules of drought events. Six drought variables were selected as indicators, including drought duration, area, severity, intensity, center and migration trajectory, to analyze the drought evolution for Heihe River basin in 1961-2014. Specifically, the most severe meteorological drought event (No.25) originated in Linze county in June 1970, showing the drought-affected area of only 843.14 km<sup>2</sup>. The drought spread rapidly to the whole study area in July, with the drought-affected area of 42 400 km<sup>2</sup>, accounting for about 87% of the study area, and the drought center is located in the middle of Sunan county. The subsequent drought moved approximately 13.86 km in the northwest direction from August to September 1970 with the decrease of drought intensity and affected area. In the next two months, the drought areas continuously decreased, and mainly concentrated in Gaotai, Linze and Qilian county. The second peak of this drought occurred from December 1970 to March 1971, the drought-affected areas accounting for 54%-71% of the study area, with the drought severity of 43 700 km<sup>2</sup>•month. The drought center moved 94.96 km toward southeast to eastern Qilian county, and finally diminished there from April to July 1971. The continuous droughts in autumn, winter and spring generally originated from the middle-stream, and gradually migrated to the upstream along the southeast direction, particularly that the rate of drought migration was relatively high in the upstream. 2) The matching results of drought events based on spatiotemporal scale can ensure that the complex relationship between meteorological and agricultural drought well agrees with the practical situation, with the high accuracy of response analysis. The drought events after successful matching demonstrate the specific characteristics, including prolonged duration, enhanced intensity and increase affected area. 3) The optimal response models of drought duration, area and severity between meteorological and agricultural drought follow the quadratic polynomial, the exponential function and exponential function, respectively. This finding can provide an insightful understanding to accurate evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamic evolution and the response relationship of droughts.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Exponential functions - Function evaluation - Rivers - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Complex relationships - Dynamic evolution rules - Identification method - Meteorological drought - Spatio-temporal dynamics - Spatiotemporal characteristics - Spatiotemporal response - Standardized precipitation index
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.24e+10m2, Area 8.43e+08m2, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 7.10e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Size 1.39e+04m, Size 9.50e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20202708904276
Title:Preliminary study on the effect of microbial amendment on saline soils in a coastal reclaimed area
Title of translation:微生物改良基质对新围垦海涂盐土改良的初步研究
Authors:Shang, Hui (1); Yan, An (2); Han, Rui (3); Yao, Yutian (4); Chang, Yijun (5); Yang, Hualei (3); Chen, Lihua (3); Meng, Tianzhu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Coast Development (Dongtai) Co., Ltd., Dongtai; 224200, China; (2) College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (3) College of Agriculture Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (4) Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 210013, China; (5) Nanjing Junhui Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 211155, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Lihua(chenlihua@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:120-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In a land-sea transitional zone, various technologies are used to reduce the accumulation of water-soluble salts for the efficient utilization of saline soils in coastal reclaimed areas. In the conventional processes of salt-washing and fertilizing, the emission of the agricultural non-point pollutants has posed a threat to the offshore ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new environmentally friendly methods for the improvement of soils quality. In microbial amendments, soils was fermented by adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IAE (7.2×10<sup>10</sup> cfu/g) in the matrix at percentage of 1% (w: w), while the substrate was prepared in the combination of Flammulina velutipes residues, scoria of bentonite, vinegar production residues and humus acid, at the ratio of 6: 2: 1: 1 (w: w). The matrix that fermented without the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens IAE, generally named as soil amendment. To investigate the effect of the soil amendment and microbial soil amendment on coastal reclaimed saline soils, three treatments were set in this study: 1) control, soil without any treatment; 2) Soil Amendment Treatment (SAT), soil added with soil amendment at 30 t•hm<sup>2</sup>; 3) Microbial Soil Amendment Treatment (MSAT), soil added with microbial soil amendment at 30 t•hm<sup>2</sup>. The pilot field was located at Tiaozini coastal reclamation area in Dongtai, Jiangsu Province, China. The contents of soluble salt in soils were ranged from 3.57 to 10.66 g/kg. Water saving irrigation and traditional rice planting methods were also selected in three treatments. The quantified data have been recorded including the irrigation quantity, biological characteristics of rice, physical and chemical features and microbial properties of the soils. The results showed that both SAT and MSAT improved paddy soil properties, and MSAT did better than that. Compared to those in the control treatment, the accumulative irrigation quantity in MSAT decreased by 35.2% (P<0.05), while the plant height, number of grains per ear, thousand grains weight, effective ear yield, and rice yield in the MSAT treatment increased by 31.4%, 30.3%, 29.7%, 17.5%, and 83.2%, respectively. The contents of saturation moisture, water holding capacity, total porosity, capillary porosity, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, and content of available potassium in soils in MSAT increased by 13.8%, 20.0%, 6.80%, 9.79%, 2.30 times, 53.0%, 31.0%, respectively, compared to those in the control treatment. Populations of the soil microorganisms of bacteria, fungi and actinomyces in MSAT increased by 10.3, 11.2 and 3.18 times, respectively (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the bulk density of soils in MSAT decreased by 6.90% (P<0.05), compared to that in the control treatment. The contents of soluble salts in the soil depth of 0-60 cm in MSAT were significantly lower than those in control treatment, and those in tillage layer of 0-10cm and 10-20cm decreased by 61.1% and 54.4%, respectively. This finding demonstrates that microbial amendment can contribute to physical structure and microbial properties of soils, thereby to increase in the water conductivity while decrease in salt content in soils. This study can also provide a promising and feasible method to improve the quality of saline soils in coastal reclaimed zone.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Bacteriology - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Grain (agricultural product) - Irrigation - Matrix algebra - Offshore oil well production - Porosity - Reclamation - Saline water - Salts - Substrates - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Bacillus amyloliquefaciens - Biological characteristic - Ecological environments - Organic matter content - Soil micro-organisms - Total nitrogen content - Water holding capacity - Water-saving irrigation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.1 Algebra - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.44e+01%, Percentage 6.11e+01%, Percentage 6.80e+00%, Percentage 8.32e+01%, Percentage 9.79e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20202708904266
Title:Morphology and oxidation reactivity of exhaust particles from diesel engine fueled by N-pentanol-diesel blend
Title of translation:正戊醇-柴油混合燃料发动机颗粒物的形貌结构与氧化活性研究
Authors:Wang, Ying (1); Wang, Peng (1); Wang, Xiaochen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; 710049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:48-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The exhaust particles from diesel engine can be reduced by mixing diesel with n-pentanol, however, the effect of n-pentanol blending fuels on the oxidation reactivity and morphology of diesel exhaust particulates has not been well understood. Therefore, this paper aims to design an experiment and then solve this problem. Experiments were conducted in a high pressure common-rail diesel engine, and three fuels were selected, including pure diesel, DP15 (15% n-pentanol +85% diesel, by vol.), and DP30 (30% n-pentanol +70% diesel, by vol.). In this work, the engine speed and torque were set at 2000 r/min and 0.59MPa, respectively. Tests were performed without any engine modification, but only with fuels change. In the test, the particulate samples were collected from the exhaust pipe of the engine through a vacuum pump, then the particulate matter (PM) characteristics were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that the morphologies of soot particles from three fuels were similar. Soot aggregates with numbers of primary particles were observed at low magnification, while a typical "shell-core" nanostructure was presented at high magnification. The "shell" part is mainly composed of parallel microcrystals, representing the order of basic carbon particles, while the "core" part consists of irregular microcrystals, indicating the disorder of basic carbon particles. With the increase in n-pentanol blending ratio, the oxidation process of soot was promoted due to the oxygen content of n-pentanol, while the mixing of n-pentanol reduced the generation of soot precursor, such as pyrene, and thereby the surface growth of soot decreases. Therefore, the primary particle diameters of soot samples slightly decreased from 21.813 nm to 20.030 nm. Meanwhile, as the n-pentanol blending ratio increased, the fringe length of soot samples decreased 0.025 and 0.051 nm, while the fringe tortuosity increased slightly. The decrease of fringe length and the increase of fringe tortuosity indicated that the nanostructure of particles was much more disordered. Results from TEM images demonstrated that there was less graphitic structure in soot samples emitted from blended fuels. Similar to the results obtained from TEM, a higher A<inf>D1</inf>/A<inf>G</inf> was also observed for blended fuels than others. Since the A<inf>D1</inf>/A<inf>G</inf> is an important parameter to characterize the graphitization degree of exhaust particles, the graphitization degree of particles is higher when the value of A<inf>D1</inf>/A<inf>G</inf> is smaller. Therefore, the soot samples from diesel/n-pentanol mixtures showed smaller primary particles in size, and more disorder nanostructure. Meanwhile, the oxidation temperature of the particulate samples (616.9℃ in pure diesel, 609.9℃ in DP15, and 583.6℃ in DP30) decreased with the increase of n-pentanol ratio. There was much higher oxidation reactivity in the exhaust particles from blended fuels than others. The correlation analysis between the oxidation activity and morphology showed that the high oxidation activity of particulate samples in the mixed fuel was related to the disordered nanostructure. Finally, the oxidation activity and diesel fuel increased in the exhaust particles that formed by the mixtures of n-pentanol. This finding demonstrates that the blended fuels in the engine can be used to improve the regeneration performance of DPF, and further reduce the required regeneration temperature.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Diesel engines - Dust - Exhaust systems (engine) - Fuels - Graphite - Graphitization - Microcrystals - Mixing - Mixtures - Morphology - Oxidation - Particle size analysis - Soot - Thermogravimetric analysis - Transmission electron microscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Diesel exhaust particulates - Disordered nanostructures - Graphitization degree - High pressure common rail diesel engine - Oxidation reactivity - Oxidation temperature - Regeneration performance - Regeneration temperature
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 933.1 Crystalline Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 5.90e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+03RPM, Size 2.18e-08m to 2.00e-08m, Size 2.50e-11m, Size 5.10e-11m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20202708904260
Title:Characteristics of soil erosion on engineering accumulation slope under the rainfall and inflow conditions
Title of translation:降雨和上方来水条件下工程堆积体坡面土壤侵蚀特征
Authors:Niu, Yaobin (1, 2); Wu, Xu (1, 3); Gao, Zhaoliang (2, 3); Li, Yonghong (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Zhaoliang(gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:69-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The soil and water loss caused by construction activities are increasing rapidly over the past few years. Soil erosion on new engineered landforms severely threatens the ecological security of construction sites and their surrounding areas. On the slope of the engineering accumulation, the soil erosion significantly depends on the platform inflow. It is necessary to quantitative analysis of the process of runoff and sediment production on the slope of engineering accumulation under the rainfall and inflow conditions. This can be helpful to clarify the characteristics of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation under multiple driving forces. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of three driving forces (rainfall, inflow and their interactions) on the characteristics of soil erosion and morphological on the slope of engineering accumulation. The rainfall and inflow experiments were conducted on a field runoff plot (in 7 m long, 1 m wide and 0.5 m deep, and with the slope gradient of 36°) under five rainfall intensities (40, 50, 70, 100, 120 mm/h) and four inflow intensities (10, 15, 20, 25 L/min) conditions. The results showed that under the rainfall condition, the stage differential development was observed in the process of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation. Specifically, the runoff and sediment yield presented two different stages (fluctuation, stability) with time under the small and moderate rainfall conditions (40, 50 and 70 mm/h), and the erosion morphology was discontinuous falling-sill, whereas, three different stages (fluctuation, stability, and violently) were observed under the heavy rainfall conditions (100 and 120 mm/h), and the erosion morphology was the rill. Under the inflow condition, there was a relatively stable development in the process of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation, and the erosion morphology was the rill. In contrast, under the combined effect of rainfall and inflow, a violent development was observed in the process of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation. Specifically, the runoff yield presented "multi-peak and valley" with time, and the fluctuation of sediment yield gradually increased with time. The erosion morphology was all erosion gullies, and developed violently. Furthermore, under the combined effect of rainfall and inflow, both the runoff and sediment volume on the slope increased, and the increment in sediment was greater than that in runoff. Compared with the rainfall condition, the runoff and sediment volume increased by 86%-629% and 86%-4914%, respectively, while compared with the inflow conditions, these two indicators increased by 12%-175% and 15%-505%, respectively. This finding demonstrates that the inflow, rainfall and a coupled effect between them have significant effects on the process of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation. This study can provide insightful implications to understand the characteristics and dynamic mechanism of soil erosion on the slope of engineering accumulation under complex hydrodynamic conditions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Construction industry - Landforms - Morphology - Rain - Runoff - Sediments - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Construction activities - Differential development - Ecological security - Erosion morphology - Hydrodynamic conditions - Runoff and sediment yields - Runoff and sediments - Soil and water loss
Classification code:405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01% to 1.75e+02%, Percentage 1.50e+01% to 5.05e+02%, Percentage 8.60e+01% to 4.91e+03%, Percentage 8.60e+01% to 6.29e+02%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 7.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20202708904235
Title:Model for estimating soil moisture content based on ultrasound velocity under dry-wet alternating conditions
Title of translation:干湿交替下基于超声波速度的土壤含水率估算模型
Authors:Li, Jun (1, 2); Pan, Limin (1); Pan, Cuimin (3); Xu, Yan (1); Lu, Huazhong (1, 2); Li, Zhenwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technologies on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, 510642, China; (3) School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou; 341000, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Huazhong(huazlu@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:114-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil moisture content is an important parameter for the management of farmland irrigation and research of regional hydrological conditions. It is an important prerequisite for scientific irrigation management to acquire the information of soil moisture and understand the dynamic change of soil moisture timely and accurately. However, the existing soil moisture content detection methods have some disadvantages, such as complex analysis process, long cycle, high cost and difficult to be widely used in practical applications. As a good information carrier, ultrasonic wave carries information related to soil moisture content in the receiving wave when it propagates in soil medium and interacts with soil. So, Ultrasonic testing technology is a way, which can monitor soil moisture quickly and in timely. In this study, taking the soil of farmland tillage layers as research specimens, the velocity of ultrasonic pulse through the soil sample from wet to dry was measured by ZBL-U510 non-metallic ultrasonic detector. The relationship between the velocity of ultrasonic wave and the soil moisture content was studied under different soil moisture conditions. The initial moisture contents of soil samples were 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, respectively, and then dried to 5% in the natural environment. Each treatment sample experienced 4 dry-wet alternations. The results showed that the soil bulk density and ultrasonic velocity increased nonlinearly with the decrease of soil moisture content in the process of soil sample from wet to dry and the change relationship was similar in each wet-dry process. The change of soil moisture content had the greatest influence on the ultrasonic velocity in the first wet-dry process. In order to consider the effect of the dry-wet alternation on the ultrasonic velocity, an adaptive weighted data fusion algorithm was adopted. Firstly, the ultrasonic velocity values corresponding to soil sampling points for moisture content measurement in the processes of dry-wet alternation were fused in cross batch, and four ultrasonic velocity fusion values and mean square deviation were obtained. Then, the weighted factors of each group were calculated according to the multiple extreme value theory. Finally, the final fusion value of ultrasonic velocity was obtained according to the adaptive weighting model and the introduced weighting factor. Through the analysis of the relationship curve between the fusion value of ultrasonic velocity and the soil moisture content, the ultrasonic velocity increased nonlinearly with the continuous decrease of the soil moisture content in four different types of dry and wet alternation process, and the ultrasonic velocity increased rapidly with the decrease of the soil moisture content in the stage of high moisture content. The increasing rate of ultrasonic velocity was slowed down when the moisture content of soil samples ranged from 7%, 9%, 11% to 12%, which was basically consistent with the corresponding moisture content when the ultrasonic pulse velocity slowed down in each wet-dry alternate process. According to the relationship between the fusion values of ultrasonic velocity and moisture content, a polynomial model suitable for different initial moisture content was established. The relative error between the predicted value and the measured value of the model was less than 6%, which showed that the composite polynomial model can be used to accurately describe the relationship between soil moisture content and ultrasonic velocity. The results of this study can provide valuable information for the continuous monitoring and forecasting of soil moisture information in farmland by using the characteristics of ultrasonic velocity.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Data fusion - Farms - Group theory - Irrigation - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Shotcreting - Soil surveys - Soil testing - Ultrasonic testing - Ultrasonic velocity - Ultrasonic waves
Uncontrolled terms:Composite polynomials - Continuous monitoring - High moisture contents - Hydrological condition - Initial Moisture Content - Moisture content measurement - Ultra-sound velocities - Ultrasonic pulse velocity
Classification code:412 Concrete - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 753.3 Ultrasonic Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.1 Algebra - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00% to 1.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20202708904283
Title:A visible-band remote sensing index for extracting impervious surfaces
Title of translation:一种提取不透水面的可见光波段遥感指数
Authors:Yang, Xu (1); Zhu, Daming (1); Yang, Runshu (2); Fu, Zhitao (1); Xie, Wenbin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land and Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650093, China; (2) Yunnan Geological Surveying and Mapping Institute, Kunming; 650217, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Daming(634617255@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing can obtain high-resolution images at low cost and high efficiency. However, there is rare research on the use of UAV remote sensing images to extract information from impervious surfaces. The difficulty of the research lies in that for the high-resolution UAV red-green-blue images, there is currently not an exclusive impervious surface index that can be applied to the extraction of impervious surface information. To address this problem, this study established the green-blue spectral feature space in the blue and green bands of the visible-bands. Under this spectral feature space, the green-blue impervious surface index was proposed to effectively separate soil-vegetation pixels and impervious surface pixels. The process of constructing the index was as follows. Firstly, the feature points were divided into impervious surface points and pervious surface points in the green-blue spectral feature space. Secondly, the least-squares fitting was conducted on the impervious surface points and the previous surface points. Then, the impervious surface line and the soil line were obtained, and a reference line was constructed between the two straight lines. Finally, the distance from the feature point to the reference line was used as the expression of the index. To verify the accuracy of the difference between the green-blue impervious surface index and other impervious surface indexes applied to satellite remote sensing images, comparison and analysis were performed on the extraction of the impervious surface by perpendicular impervious index, ratio resident-area index and green-blue impervious surface index. At the same time, the experiment was conducted using the UAV orthophoto image data of Hongya county in Meishan city to extract the impervious surface. The analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of the green-blue impervious surface index on the extraction of the impervious surface information in the UAV remote sensing image. The experimental results showed that: 1) The green-blue impervious surface index constructed the blue and green bands as the feature space had the same accuracy as the perpendicular impervious index and ratio resident-area index based on the blue and near-infrared bands in terms of the impervious surface extraction, and the overall accuracy reached over 94%. 2) The green-blue impervious surface index showed strong applicability and replaced the indexes like perpendicular impervious index, ratio resident-area index and biophysical composition index in the images lacking near-infrared, mid-infrared, and thermal-infrared bands. The green-blue impervious surface index was used as a remote sensing index to extract visible-bands on the impervious surfaces. 3) As a visible light wave impervious surface extraction index used in UAV remote sensing, the green-blue impervious surface index could not only effectively distinguish between soil and impervious surfaces, but also utilized the characteristics of easy-to-obtain terrain features by UAV remote sensing. For the problem of misclassification, the overall accuracy of the extraction results by the green-blue impervious surface index reached 96.95%, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.936 1. The green-blue impervious surface index constructed based on the green-blue spectral feature space effectively separated soil pixels and extracted high-precision urban impervious surfaces from UAV remote sensing images. For satellite imagery, the existing impervious surface index had a good performance in extracting the surfaces, while the proposed green-blue impervious surface index was more suitable for UAV remote sensing. At present, extracting urban impervious surfaces from UAV remote sensing images has gradually become an important application.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Antennas - Extraction - Image analysis - Infrared devices - Pixels - Satellite imagery - Soils - Space optics - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Biophysical composition indices - Comparison and analysis - Extract informations - High resolution image - Least squares fitting - Satellite remote sensing - Thermal infrared bands - Urban impervious surfaces
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 655.2 Satellites - 656.1 Space Flight - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20202708904319
Title:Effects of supplemental illumination in different periods on the quality and volatile compounds of tomato fruit in solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室不同时段补光对番茄果实品质及挥发性物质影响
Authors:Wei, Shouhui (1); Xiao, Xuemei (1); Zhong, Yuan (2); Yu, Jihua (1, 2); Lyu, Jian (1); Hu, Linli (1); Tang, Zhongqi (1); Liu, Fanhong (1); Wang, Shuya (1); Jian, Naidan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Crop Science in Arid Habitats, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, Xuemei(617649594@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:188-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to find the optimal periods of supplemental illumination that improves the yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse. The tomato cultivar of ‘Fentailan’ was selected as the target material, and LED was set as the light source. The tomato plants began to be supplemented with illumination 25 d after planting, and the supplement of illumination was completed when the first spike fruits were fully ripe. Three supplemental light periods in this study: 5 h before the curtain is opened (T1), 5 h after the curtain is covered (T2), 2.5 h before the curtain is opened and 2.5 h after the curtain is covered (T3); without supplemental light served as the control (CK). The flavor quality, volatile components and contents of the tomato were measured in each treatment. The results showed that the three supplemental illumination treatments can effectively increase tomato average yield per plant, soluble sugar, soluble solids, ratio of sugar to acid, and amount and content of volatile compounds, compared to that in the CK, but it would reduce the content of organic acid, all of which have the most significant effect under the T1 treatment (P<0.05). A total of 83 volatile compounds were detected in the four treatments, including 12 ketones, 22 aldehydes, 22 alcohols, 6 esters, 6 hydrocarbons, and 15 other compounds. The total amount and content of volatile compounds in each treatment are as follows in order: T1 (68 types, 3 107.98 μg/kg) > T3 (65 types, 2 610.74 μg/kg) > T2 (63 types, 2 438.96 μg/kg) > CK (59 types, 2 086.03 μg/kg). In every treatment, the content of alcohols is the highest, whereas the content of hydrocarbons is the lowest, and the substance with the greatest concentration is cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Compared to those under the CK, the three supplemental illumination treatments can increase the concentration of ketones, aldehydes, alcohols and other compounds in tomato fruits, but significantly decrease the concentration of hydrocarbons (P<0.05). The content of esters increased only under the T1 treatment, compared with that in CK. All the detected volatile compounds contain 11 kinds of characteristic aroma substances of tomato, which can be mainly divided into three categories: floral, fruity and green. Among them, the green aroma was the most abundant. Therefore, the T1 treatment (5 h before the curtain is opened) can effectively increase tomato yield, and improve the flavor quality of fruits, indicating the optimum supplemental illumination period for tomato cultivation in the local solar greenhouse. The finding can provide a sound scientific potential on supplementary lighting technology for tomato planting environment in protected cultivation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Aldehydes - Esters - Greenhouses - Hydrocarbons - Ketones - Light sources - Odors - Solar heating - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Aroma substances - Lighting technology - Solar greenhouse - Target materials - Three categories - Tomato cultivation - Volatile components - Volatile compounds
Classification code:657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.80e+04s, Time 9.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20202708904309
Title:Optimizing processing pressure of qingzhuan tea and development of GCG models for near infrared spectroscopy detection
Title of translation:青砖茶压制压力优化及GCG近红外快速检测模型建立
Authors:Wang, Shengpeng (1); Teng, Jing (1); Zheng, Pengcheng (1); Liu, Panpan (1); Gong, Ziming (1); Gao, Shiwei (1); Gui, Anhui (1); Ye, Fei (1); Wang, Xueping (1); Zheng, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Gong, Ziming(ziminggong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:271-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Processing pressure is an important parameter during the production of Qingzhuan tea, and also for the identification of tea quality. Taking 100g Qingzhuan tea as the research object, this study aims to optimize the processing pressure, and then establish a quantitative model of key components, including pressure, quality and contents of Qingzhuan tea, using the near infrared spectroscopy. The processing pressure was set as 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 MPa in the test. The sensory evaluation and correlation methods were used to analyze the relationship between the optimal pressure, the quality and the contents of Qingzhuan tea. Standard normal variate (SNV), multiple scatter correction (MSC), first derivative (FD) and second derivative (SD) and their combined methods were used to denoise the original raw spectrum during the preprocessing of data. Then, the backward partial least squares algorithm was used to select the characteristic spectral intervals, while the principal component analysis method was used to analyze them. Finally, the principal components were input into the jump connection nets structure artificial neural network (ANN) of three kinds of transfer functions, as linear [0, 1] functions, logistic functions and tanh functions, respectively, to establish a quantitative analysis model. The results showed that 1) the optimum pressure was 18 MPa, while the content of gallocatechin gallate (GCG) was closely related to the pressure and the quality of Qingzhuan tea (P<0.05); 2) the optimum pretreatment method was MSC+FD method; 3) the characteristic spectral intervals were 9 734.9-10 000, 8 924.9-9191.1 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 5 368.9-5 638.8, 7 011.9-7 281.9, 6 190.4-6 460.4, 4 821.2-5 091.2, 9 194.9-9 461.1 cm<sup>-1</sup>, 7 559.6-7 829.6, 5 916.5-6 186.5 cm<sup>-1</sup>; 4) the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 97.82%; 5) the GCG artificial neural network model that established by tanh transfer function indicated the best results (R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup>=0.980, RMSEP = 0.027), with better practical application effect (R<inf>p</inf><sup>2</sup>=0.948, RMSEP=0.041). The findings can provide a theoretical foundation to develop more types of Qingzhuan tea products, and to rapidly detect their quality in tea industry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Finite difference method - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Near infrared spectroscopy - Neural networks - Quality control - Spectrum analysis - Tea - Transfer functions
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial neural network modeling - Partial least squares algorithms - Pre-processing of data - Principal component analysis method - Quantitative analysis model - Quantitative modeling - Standard normal variates - Theoretical foundations
Classification code:913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-01kg, Pressure 1.80e+07Pa, Pressure 2.40e+07Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20202708904204
Title:Nonlinear control strategy for battery charge and discharge in microgrid
Title of translation:微电网中蓄电池充放电非线性控制策略研究
Authors:Li, Chunlan (1); Ren, Peng (1); Wang, Changyun (1); Wang, Xiaoxuan (1); Shi, Zhai (1); Du, Songhuai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:156-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The introduction of microgrid further improves the utilization of new energy on the basis of ensuring the reliable power supply of local load, but the development of microgrid is limited due to the fluctuation and intermittence of microgrid output power. In order to solve the problems of complex control strategy of microgrid and difficult coordination of micropower source and energy storage side power, considering the change of wind-solar output power and load, a nonlinear control strategy of storage battery charging and discharging with integral controller and online correction parameters was proposed. Based on the model of wind, light and storage battery, the disturbance observation method was used to realize the maximum power tracking of distributed power supply, and the correctness of the model was verified under different temperature, light intensity, and wind speed. According to the power constraint conditions of the wind-solar storage system and the load power demand as a benchmark, the output of each micro power source and the state of charge of the storage battery were comprehensively considered to obtain the output law of the energy storage system. Based on the output law of energy storage system, the input/output mathematical models of DC/DC converter in boost circuit and buck circuit were studied; the DC side bus voltage and the storage battery side inductance current were selected as the state vector, and the duty cycle of each switch tube was the control vector to construct the state space matrix of the battery charging and discharging circuit; according to the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery, the macro variable of the system was constructed by the integral term of voltage deviation and online correction parameters. The duty cycle mathematical model of each switch tube was obtained by combining the state space matrix of the DC/DC converter. The working mode of the DC/DC converter was adjusted to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery, coordinate the power transmission between the bus side and the energy storage side, meet the power balance of the microgrid system and restrain the power fluctuation. Through the simulation experiments of the constructed microgrid model, the dynamic response of the DC bus voltage of the proposed storage battery charge-discharge nonlinear control strategy under various conditions of the microgrid system was studied. The simulation results showed: 1) When the weather conditions changed normally, the nonlinear control strategy could control the battery to reduce the output power within 0.05 s, stabilizing the DC bus voltage at 640 V. The traditional proportional-integral control strategy needed about 0.3 s to achieve the above control process. 2) When the load changed normally, the nonlinear control strategy made the DC/DC converter convert between the boost circuit and the buck circuit within 0.05 s, maintaining the DC bus voltage stable at 640 V. The traditional proportional-integral control strategy needed about 0.2 s to achieve the above control process. 3) When the light intensity suddenly dropped to 0 W/m<sup>2</sup>, the DC bus voltage under the traditional control strategy recovered from 620 V to 640 V in 0.3 s; the DC bus voltage under the nonlinear control strategy recovered from 625 V to 640 V in 0.05 s. 4) When the large load was put into operation, the DC bus voltage recovered from 626.5 V to 640 V in 0.3 s under the traditional control strategy; the DC bus voltage recovered from 629 V to 640 V in 0.05 s under the nonlinear control strategy. In all case, the dynamic recovery time of DC bus voltage fluctuation was shortened by 0.2 s on average, the transient impact was reduced by 0.6% on average, the proposed control strategy could effectively regulate the power balance between micro power source and energy storage system, ensuring the stability of power supply of microgrid system. The research results should provide a reference for the control research of the microgrid energy storage system.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Battery storage
Controlled terms:Battery management systems - Charging (batteries) - Coordination reactions - DC-DC converters - Electric power supplies to apparatus - Microgrids - Process control - Recovery - Respiratory mechanics - Secondary batteries - Two term control systems - Vector spaces - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Battery charge and discharge - Battery charging and discharging - Discharging characteristics - Distributed power supplies - Energy storage systems - Maximum power tracking - Proportional-integral control - Reliable power supply
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 704.1 Electric Components - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e-01%, Surface_Power_Density 0.00e+00W/m2, Time 2.00e-01s, Time 3.00e-01s, Time 5.00e-02s, Voltage 6.20e+02V to 6.40e+02V, Voltage 6.25e+02V to 6.40e+02V, Voltage 6.26e+02V to 6.40e+02V, Voltage 6.29e+02V to 6.40e+02V, Voltage 6.40e+02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20202708904226
Title:Design and experiment of pea windrower equipment with TRIZ theory
Title of translation:采用TRIZ理论的豌豆割晒机械装备设计与试验
Authors:Li, Jinfeng (1); Zhao, Jiyun (1); Hou, Xiuning (1); Liu, Siyao (1); Zhang, Xuemin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xuemin(xueminzh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of the fact that the current mechanization technology of pea harvesting in China is basically blank, in order to realize the matching operation of pea harvesting mechanization and reduce labor input, the first equipment of pea windrower in China was designed. The characteristics of the pea plant with the soft and creeping vines make it difficult for general machines to harvest effectively. At the same time, the machines will be blocked due to the instability of feeding during harvesting. Moreover, the plants are intertwined in the process of pea plant delivery, which is easy to form delivery blockage. These problems greatly reduce the reliability of the machine and increase the difficulty of continuous harvesting. The innovative design of pea windrower equipment was studied for filling the gap of mechanized harvesting of pea crops in China. Firstly, the characteristics of pea were studied and the problems in pea harvesting were analyzed. Then, based on the plant characteristics of pea, "substance-field model" function analysis of cutting system and conveying system was carried out based on "substance-field model" analysis method in TRIZ theory. Meanwhile, "conflict solving principle" was used to analyze and solve the contradictory conflict involved in the overall system. The appropriate solution was obtained and the main mechanism of the windrower was innovated according to the plant characteristics of pea. According to the analysis, the key components such as anti-winding reel and dithering guide plate were designed. The device can solve the intertwined and blocked problem in the harvest process and realize the efficient conveying and laying operation of pea harvester. The equipment of pea windrower was equipped with hybrid power agricultural machinery drive equipment, the usage of hydraulic system to greatly adjust the height of the header. The reel and cutter are driven by electric motor, which simplifies the mechanical transmission system and helps the agricultural machinery to develop towards the direction of energy conservation and environmental protection. Finally, based on the virtual prototype technology, the model of pea windrower was established and the prototype was manufactured. and field experiments were carried out in three experiment places of Henan Nanyang, Inner Mongolia Shangdu, Beijing Pinggu. In the process of the field experiment, windrowers showed strong adaptability, the height of cutting stubble was less than 40 mm and the harvesting efficiency reached 0.13-0.19 hm<sup>2</sup>/h. In the experiment of Beijing Pinggu, the harvest loss rate was 4.96%, the leakage sowing rate was 4.78%. The results indicated that the pea windrower could meet the requirements of harvesting in different growth stages and different growth modes with neat strips and uniform stubble, and less conveying blockage. The experiments showed that the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy can achieve a higher level of agricultural mechanization. The study can provide reference for the mechanical equipment research of pea harvest, and it is helpful to break through the bottleneck of mechanization in the key link of pea harvest, realize the popularization and application of pea production technology in China, and accelerate the development speed and quality of pea production mechanization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agricultural robots - Electric power transmission - Electric windings - Hydraulic equipment - Mechanization
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Different growth stages - Energy conservation and environmental protections - Mechanical transmission system - Mechanized harvesting - Plant characteristics - Production technology - Virtual Prototype Technology
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.78e+00%, Percentage 4.96e+00%, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20202708904240
Title:Remote sensing image extraction for rubber forest distribution in the border regions of China, Laos and Myanmar based on Google Earth Engine platform
Title of translation:基于Google Earth Engine的中老缅交界区橡胶林分布遥感提取
Authors:Li, Yuchen (1); Zhang, Jun (1); Xue, Yufei (1); Zhang, Ping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming; 650504, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jun(50981534@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:174-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rubber forest has an increasingly important impact on the environment and social economy. The huge demand has created a demand-supply gap in the process of economic globalization and the rubber forest planting, especially that in the border areas of different countries has been widely concerned in various fields. In this study, the rubber forest distribution was extracted by using the cloud computing technology of Google Earth Engine platform and the integration of multiple Landsat OLI remote sensing images from 2015 to 2019 in the border areas of China, Laos and Myanmar. The rubber phenology characteristics were obtained through rubber time series analysis. The different feature parameters were selected, and the differences of each parameter in foliation and defoliation period were compared to distinguish rubber forest and other land coverage types. Then the classification model of expert knowledge decision tree was constructed based on the calculated segmentation threshold of each parameter, and the algorithm is applied to the whole research area of the border areas of China, Laos and Myanmar. The results showed that time series NDVI in February (defoliation period) and April (foliation period) of rubber in the study area had good performance to distinguish rubber forest and other land coverage types. The overall accuracy of extraction was 90.32% and Kappa coefficient was 0.87. Both the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient met the accuracy requirements of general production. Compared with the former researches, the method based on Google Earth Engine using rubber phenology calculation parameters to extract rubber forest in a large research area has a high accuracy. The total area of rubber forest extracted was 126.29×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>, including 52.37×10<sup>4</sup>, 56.93×10<sup>4</sup> and 16.99×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup> of rubber forest extracted from Xishuangbanna, Myanmar and the five northern provinces of Laos, respectively. It is also found that the areas of rubber forests were different in these regions because the different actual situation of Laos and Myanmar produce differential policies in the process of alternative policy development. The cloud computing technology based on Google Earth Engine platform can overcome the lack of computing power of large-scale rubber monitoring in time and space, and provide scientific basis and decision support for the rational rubber layout and regional sustainable development in the border areas of China, Laos and Myanmar.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Rubber
Controlled terms:Biology - Cloud computing - Decision support systems - Decision trees - Earth (planet) - Engines - Extraction - Forestry - Image processing - Public policy - Remote sensing - Space optics - Sustainable development - Time series analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation parameters - Classification models - Cloud computing technologies - Economic globalization - Impact on the environment - Regional sustainable development - Remote sensing images - Segmentation threshold
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 656.1 Space Flight - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.03e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20202708904217
Title:Monitoring of amylose content in rice based on spectral variables at the multiple growth stages
Title of translation:基于多生育期光谱变量的水稻直链淀粉含量监测
Authors:Xie, Lili (1); Wang, Fumin (1, 2); Zhang, Yao (1, 2); Huang, Jingfeng (2, 3); Hu, Jinghui (1); Wang, Feilong (4); Yao, Xiaoping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing & Information System Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing & Information System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (4) Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Fumin(wfm@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:165-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Amylose content is one of the important indexes for evaluating rice quality. Large-scale and rapid monitoring of rice quality is of great significance for measuring rice commodity value and regulating food crop production. Because amylose is wrapped in rice grains and cannot be directly expressed in the canopy spectrum, the accuracy of its canopy prediction model is often low. Considering that the accumulation and growth of rice starch granules are the result of multiple growth stages and multiple factors, this study attempts to introduce multiple growth stages information to improve the model, while most existing studies only use single growth stage information. The research area was located in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province, China The experiment spanned two rice growing seasons from 2016 to 2017, with five nitrogen levels and three rice varieties. Correlation relationships between the original spectra and first derivative spectra of rice canopy at booting stage, heading stage, milking stage and maturity stage and the grain amylose content were analyzed, then four types of vegetation indices and 23 hyperspectral features for further correlation analysis were computed. According to results of correlation analysis, the suitable spectral variables with high correlation coefficient were selected for amylose content modeling by stepwise regression method. The prediction models were established for different single growth stages to obtain the best growth stage of amylose prediction. Then, by combining the information of different growth stages, the amylose content prediction models based on the combination of different growth stages were established, and the effect of comprehensive application of multiple growth stage information on the amylose content prediction model was analyzed to get the best prediction model and its growth stages combination. The results showed that the first derivative, Difference Vegetation Index (DVI), Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI ) and the hyperspectral features at maturity stage were highly sensitive to amylose content. The derivative of 1 649 nm and 1 610 nm showed a good explanation for amylose content, 1 600-1 700 nm might be the sensitive sepctral bands of rice amylose prediction. In addition, the characteristic parameters of maturity-stage spectrum showed a strong explanatory ability in the maturity-stage model of this study, especially the blue edge position (λ<inf>b</inf>), but this variable rarely appeared in other related research prediction models, and its principle and stability with strong prediction ability in maturity-stage model need further study and verification. The results of single growth stage modeling showed that the accuracy of the maturity and heading stages models was significantly higher than that of booting and milking stages, the most suitable growth stage for predicting amylose content was maturity stage, with the modeling coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>)=0.558, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)=0.896%, Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE)=4.49%, and validation R<sup>2</sup>=0.629, RMSE=0.864%, MAPE=4.59%. The comprehensive utilization of multi-growth stage information could significantly improve the prediction accuracy of the model, and the best multi-growth stage prediction model was the combination model of booting-heading-maturity stage, with the modeling R<sup>2</sup>=0.708, RMSE=0.711%, MAPE=3.22%, and validation R<sup>2</sup>=0.631, RMSE=0.768%, MAPE=3.99%, which proved that the model could accurately predict amylose content in grains.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Cultivation - Cyclodextrins - Forecasting - Information granules - Mean square error - Regression analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive utilizations - Correlation analysis - Correlation coefficient - Different growth stages - Prediction accuracy - Ratio vegetation indices - Root mean square errors - Stepwise regression method
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e-06m to 1.70e-06m, Size 1.61e-06m, Size 1.65e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20202708904248
Title:Effects of terrain on soybean yields in rolling hilly black soil areas
Title of translation:地形对漫川漫岗黑土区大豆产量的影响
Authors:Hou, Shutao (1); Cui, Yang (1); Meng, Linghua (2); Wu, Danqian (1); Qian, Lei (1); Bao, Yilin (1); Ye, Qiang (1); Liu, Huanjun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Pubilc Adminstration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Huanjun(huanjunliu@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:88-95
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soybean is widely cultivated in farmlands with irregular terrain in the northeast China. In this study, the influence of terrain on crop yield was investigated. Dongxing Cooperative of Hailun city in Heilongjiang Province was selected as the area of research. The study area was 10.20 hm<sup>2</sup>. The iRTK data were measured and utilized to produce the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) used for division of the sampling points’ slope position. The soil data and daily meteorological data were obtained. The soybean yield data along with the field management data at every sampling point during the growing season of soybean were also determined. The decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) model was used to simulate the soybean growth and development process. Seven sampling points with distinct terrain features were randomly selected from sixteen sampling points, and the data from the other sampling points were used for verification of the DSSAT model. Then the adjusted DSSAT model was used to simulate the development of soybean at each sampling point and its yield. In regards to temperature, slope, solar radiation, soil nutrients, etc., DSSAT model was put into use for yield results simulation under the condition of single factor discrepancy, and then the contribution degree of individual factor to the yield difference was examined. Data such as biomass, soil water content and soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of each sampling point were collected during the soybean growth period, and the total solar radiation data of the study area was generated by DEM combined with the Angstrom equation. The results showed that the normalized root mean square error(nRMSE) for the simulated yield of the DSSAT model and the measured yield was 7.9%, indicating an excellent simulation. The nRMSE for leaf area index (LAI) and above-ground biomass simulation were 16.2% and 18.7%, respectively. It indicated that the DSSAT model was reliable for simulation of soybean yield, biomass and growth. The growing environment of soybean was affected by the terrain, which determined the spatial change of soybean yield. In comparison with the initial soil condition, the difference of soybean yield was more affected by temperature and slope. Compared with the other positions of slope, the soybean yield at the top and bottom of slope was higher and the yield variability was smaller. The water requirement for soybean increased during the pod-filling period of soybean and the soil water content was low in the sunny slope, which resulted in the decrease of yield. The high amount of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content and soil water content were found at the bottom of the slope that could meet the needs of crop growth. Therefore, the appropriate irrigation measures should be taken to improve the soybean yield during this period. The analysis for crop yield gap could reveal the factors that restrict crop production. The outcomes of the research are conducive to the farmland’s fine operation during the precise management and can provide valuable information for field management.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Biomass - Crops - Cultivation - Decision support systems - Farms - Forestry - Hydrolysis - Landforms - Mean square error - Meteorology - Nitrogen - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Solar radiation - Surveying
Uncontrolled terms:Above ground biomass - Agrotechnology transfer - Digital elevation model - Field management data - Growing environments - Growth and development - Root mean square errors - Solar radiation data
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.62e+01%, Percentage 1.87e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20202708904247
Title:Application and outlook of radio frequency heating technology in soil disinfection
Title of translation:射频制热技术应用现状及土壤射频消毒展望
Authors:Yang, Fengbo (1); Zhang, Ling (1); Jin, Yongkui (1); Xue, Xinyu (1); Zhang, Xuejin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Ling(1173348176@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:8
Issue date:April 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:299-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil disinfection technology has translated into a well-established commercial application with a mature market. However, most conventional disinfection methods, such as chemical and biological types, cannot meet the current harsh multiple needs of soil disinfection in modern digital agriculture. Therefore, this paper focuses on the latest application requirements for modern digital soil disinfection, to analyze the significant effects and typical defects of conventional disinfection methods, and finally proposes the idea: translating the emerging radio frequency heating technology into the application field of soil disinfection and the new design of advanced equipment. Five sections include in this paper. 1) The components, classification, heating performance and influence factors were summarized in the radio frequency (RF) heating system. 2) The application status of RF heating and disinfection technology was classify based on the various widely-used fields from industry, textile lighting, medical treatment, forestry product processing, agricultural and sideline product processing. The development processes of disinfection, sterilization, drying and thawing for agricultural and sideline products were analyzed, in order to clarify the main reasons for the RF uniform heating in the agricultural production line. 3) A RF heating experimental platform was also established in a laboratory environment, where preliminary trial tests of soil heating were performed using various types of electrode structures. The test results show that the structure of electrode poses a significant effect on the heating performance of the soil, which can be a key influence factor on the uneven heating. 4) This section covers a systematical analysis on the existing research related to the soil heating test under laboratory conditions, including the heating mechanism of the RF heating system, the heating characteristics of the soil materials, the matching features of the materials and the RF, the application shortcomings, the main causes, and the update methods for the physical heating method, and then proposes some suggestions to improve much more uniform RF heating in soil disinfection field. 5) According to the identification and assessment for the RF heating applications in other fields, this section proposes a separate design idea for field soil and organic soil RF heating disinfection equipment, several electrode structures in RF heating disinfection, and matching schemes for heated soil materials and heating parameters, for the future application of RF heating to soil heating disinfection. Since a variety of commercial simulation platforms for RF heating disinfection have emerged as the in-depth progress of the theory and technology, translating the soil RF heating into specific application based on the commercial simulation platforms would have played a direct and important role to accelerate the equipment development and shorten the development cycle, thereby saving the investment in research and the intensity of experimental labor. This overview can provide a sound guidance for the design and production of equipment in the field of soil RF disinfection.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:93
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Digital radio - Disinfection - Electrodes - Heating equipment - Investments - Radio waves - Simulation platform - Soils - Textile industry
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Application requirements - Chemical and biologicals - Commercial applications - Laboratory conditions - Laboratory environment - Radio frequency heating - Systematical analysis
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 819.6 Textile Mills, Machinery and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.08.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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