<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20202208757964
Title:Construction of nutrition and health system based on dialectical nutrition
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36777;&#35777;&#33829;&#20859;&#23398;&#30340;&#33829;&#20859;&#19982;&#20581;&#24247;&#31995;&#32479;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Sun, Junshe (1, 2); Wang, Minjing (1); Guo, Licheng (1); Su, Fengzhe (3); Pei, Haisheng (1); Guo, Xiaohui (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning And Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) International Health Food Engineering Research Institute of China Overseas-Educated Scholars Development Foundation, Beijing; 100006, China; (3) Beijing Tongzhou Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing; 101199, China; (4) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:317-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Thenationalconcept of dietary nutrition and health has changed from "eating-full", "eating-well" to "eating-right", as China's per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019 reached 10,000 U.S. dollars. Modern diets are gradually moving from basic requirement of nutrition and flavor, to three major elements including safety, nutrition and health. The paper put forward a new framework of the dialectical nutrition based on Chinese dietary therapy and modern nutrition. The dialectical nutrition, based on the "new nutrition science" that proposed by the 18th International congress of Nutrition, aims to explore food nutrition, human physique and their dialectical relationship, using a dialectical and systematic approach. According to the overall, comprehensive and balanced nutritional perspective, the framework was then combined with the diet and taste of food in Chinese dietary therapy, in order to build a whole discipline system from philosophy to science. The evaluation system can be suitable for the characteristics of Chinese diet, physical classification, and health status. The dialectical nutrition, served as a sort of nutrition discipline, iscomplied with the definition and concept of new modern nutrition, with emphasizing on the interdisciplinary integration in the range of biology, sociology, and humanities. The purpose of dialectical nutrition was used to balance the dynamic transformation of food and nutritional physique, in order to achieve human nutrition and health. This is because the dialectic method was a theoretical strategywith technical precision and dynamic balance. Therefore, this study proposed a construction of two framework for 1) the healthy food engineering system based on six attributes, including germplasm, habitat, processing, nutrition, function, and bias, and for 2) the nutrition physical engineering system based on six evaluated indices, including basal metabolism, gastrointestinal macrogenes, nutritional genes, emotional strength, immunity, digestion and absorption ability. A dynamic model of transformation balance has also established based on the big data mining. The integrated frameworks with the dynamic models can form an new engineering system for nutrition and health. This proposed system can provide sound basis for the four supporting systems of talents, technology, industry and capital in China society. The study can innovate the development of the healthy food industry, and upgrade of national healthy consumption, as well provide scientific dietary guidance for the health of the entire population, and lay a solid healthy foundation for the national effort to build China into a comprehensive moderately prosperous society.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Nutrition
Controlled terms:Data mining - Dynamic models - Dynamics - Metabolism - Metadata - Sociology
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption abilities - Dynamic balance - Dynamic transformation - Engineering systems - Gross domestic products - Human nutrition - Integrated frameworks - Supporting systems
Classification code:461.7  Health Care - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 921  Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20202208758100
Title:Microstructure characteristics of soils with different land use types in the Yellow River Delta
Title of translation:&#40644;&#27827;&#19977;&#35282;&#27954;&#19981;&#21516;&#22303;&#22320;&#21033;&#29992;&#31867;&#22411;&#22303;&#22756;&#24494;&#35266;&#32467;&#26500;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Liu, Chuanxiao (1); Li, Kesheng (1); Geng, Yuhan (1); Li, Quanxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:81-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Study on changes in microscopic structure of saline-alkali soil induced by different land usage in the Yellow River Delta is important to understand their consequence for soil mechanical and hydrological processes and improve soil management and remediation. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on microscopic structure of soils taken from farmland, grassland and beach at different soil depths in this region. The particle size and mineral composition of each soil sample were measured using the particle size distribution analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The pore-size distribution was analyzed using mercury intrusion porosimetry, and soil particle arrangement and pore characteristics were measured using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the main particles of the three soils were silt, accounting for more than 60% of the total particle composition. The clay content in the three soils increased in the order of farmland > beach > grassland. Primary minerals such as quartz, calcite and albite were dominant in the three soils, accounting for more than 85% of their total mineral composition. The clay minerals in the three soils were dominate by illite, and the proportion of the clay minerals was less than 15% of the total mineral composition. The clay mineral content was higher in the farmland soil than in the grassland and beach soils and, as such, the mineral composition alone cannot explain the low permeability of the soils. The porosity of the farmland, beach and grassland soils was 25%, 32.58%-39.94% and 40.84%-46.16% respectively. With increasing depth, the porosity of the grassland and beach soil increased, whereas the change in farmland soil porosity did not show an identifiable trend. The pore characteristics of the grassland and beach soils were similar, while the farmland soil was dominated by micropores and ultra-micropores with pore diameter less than 2 &mu;m. The specific pore surface area of the farmland soil was considerably larger than that of grassland and beach soils, with the adsorption capacity of the former much higher than that of the latter. Farmland soil was densely structured; it was dominated by micro-fissures, with disordered structures formed between the skeleton particles; its basic structural units were flat and flaky particles; the skeleton particles ware dominantly surface contact while the particles were cemented by clay minerals. The microstructure of the grassland soil was closely inlaid particles with a "brick-wall" arrangement, and the particle connection was mainly surface contact; it was composed of closely inlaid massive particles and overhead pores; there was no cementation between its skeleton particles. The beach soil was composed of closely accumulated granular particles and intergranular pores; there was no cementation between skeleton particles. These results improved our understanding of the changes in microscopic structure of saline-alkali soils in response to land usage in the Yellow River Delta. They provide guidance for remediation, utilization and development of coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Beaches - Calcite - Cementing (shafts) - Clay minerals - Farms - Feldspar - Land use - Microporosity - Molecular structure  - Musculoskeletal system - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pore size - Rivers - Scanning electron microscopy - Size distribution - Textures - X ray powder diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Different land use types - Disordered structures - Mercury intrusion porosimetry - Microscopic structures - Microstructure characteristics - Particle composition - Particle size distribution analysis
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 407.3  Coastal Engineering - 461.3  Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 482.2  Minerals - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 3.26e+01%, Percentage 4.08e+01% to 4.62e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 2.00e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20202208761768
Title:Preparation and characterization of linseed oil and coenzyme Q10 co-loaded emulsions
Title of translation:&#22797;&#37197;&#20122;&#40635;&#31869;&#27833;&#21644;&#36741;&#37238;Q10&#20083;&#28082;&#30340;&#21046;&#22791;&#21450;&#34920;&#24449;
Authors:Huang, Juan (1, 2); Wang, Yunjuan (3); Bai, Hua (1); Song, Yucong (1); Lyu, Yiwen (1); Pan, Ting (1); Pan, Fang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu; 215500, China; (2) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing; 210088, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Both linseed oil and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have the disadvantages of low solubility in water, poor stability, and low bioavailability. In this study, linseed oil and CoQ10 were simultaneously dissolved and encapsulated in emulsions, and then dispersed in an aqueous matrix toimprove their stability, solubility, and bioavailability. At the same time, due to the strong antioxidant effect of CoQ10, linseed oil can be further protected from oxidation. Linseed oil and CoQ10 co-loaded emulsions were prepared by high pressure homogenization technology using gum arabic as an emulsifier. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared emulsions were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, in vitro simulated digestion, in vitro release, dilution stability, freeze-thaw stability, ionic strength stability, photostability and accelerated oxidation stability. The results showed that the prepared emulsions were uniformly dispersed spherical droplets with an average particle size of (284 &plusmn; 5.6) nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.112 &plusmn; 0.025. The loading and entrapment efficiency of CoQ10 in the prepared emulsions were 0.392% &plusmn; 0.008% and 97.08% &plusmn; 1.45% respectively, and no linseed oil floating on the emulsion liquid surface was observed. The particle size of the prepared emulsion in the simulated stomach digestion did not change significantly, indicating that the structure of the emulsion did not damage, and it could resist the environment of gastric acid. The particle size of the prepared emulsions increased significantly in the simulated intestinal digestion, indicating that the structure of the emulsion had been destroyed and the emulsions were digested and degraded in the simulated intestine digestive phase. Compared with linseed oil and CoQ10 suspensions, the digestibility rate of linseed oil and the bio-availability of CoQ10 in emulsions were significantly improved. The in vitro release experiment showed that CoQ10 encapsulated in the droplets of the emulsions could slow down the release rate of CoQ10 and achieve a sustained release effect, which would eventually improve the oral bioavailability of CoQ10. The dilution stability displayed that the particle size did not change significantly after the emulsions diluted 100-250 times and the emulsionswere relatively stable. Freezing for 2 hours had little effect on the stability of the emulsions. Over 2 hours, the particle size and PDI of the emulsions increased slightly, but still stable. No stratification and flocculation were observed. Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ caused a decrease in the zeta potential of the emulsion, resulting in a decrease in the absolute value of its surface charge, which cannot form a sufficient electrostatic repulsive force and eventually had a greater impact on the stability of the prepared emulsion. The photostability revealed that when CoQ10 was encapsulated in emulsions, CoQ10 was less affected by light degradation and had better light stability. The form of CoQ10 in emulsions can obviously improve the light stability of CoQ10. The accelerated oxidative stability experiment showed that, due to the antioxidant effect of coenzyme Q10, the CoQ10 in linseed oil and CoQ10 co-loaded emulsions had better oxidative stability. This study is helpful to solve the problems related to linseed oil and CoQ10, better apply them to functional foods, and provide consumers with green and healthy functional foods.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ostwald ripening
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Biochemistry - Chemical stability - Coenzymes - Drops - Drying oils - Emulsification - Freezing - Functional food - High resolution transmission electron microscopy  - Ionic strength - Light scattering - Light transmission - Oilseeds - Particle size - Polydispersity - Solubility
Uncontrolled terms:Accelerated oxidations - Average particle size - Electrostatic repulsive forces - Freeze-thaw stability - High pressure homogenization - Oral bioavailabilities - Physical and chemical properties - Polydispersity indices
Classification code:741.1  Light/Optics - 741.3  Optical Devices and Systems - 801  Chemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 815  Polymers and Polymer Science - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20202208758014
Title:Construction and application of evaluation indexes for rural micro-energy-grid
Title of translation:&#38754;&#21521;&#20892;&#26449;&#24494;&#33021;&#32593;&#30340;&#35780;&#20215;&#25351;&#26631;&#26500;&#24314;&#21450;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Zhang, Xin (1, 2); Yang, Jianhua (1); Wang, Weizhou (3); Jing, Tianjun (1); Zhang, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China; (3) State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Jianhua(yang.haag@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:196-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rural micro-energy-grid with electricity-heating-cooling-gas was a hot issue in the field of energy. Most researches have been done on the modeling, planning and operation of micro-energy-grid. But the planning evaluation system of rural micro-energy-grid is still lacking. To evaluate the planning performance on rural micro-energy-grid, the planning evaluation system of rural micro-energy-grid was established in this study. The planning evaluation system contained four primary indicators, seven secondary indicators and fourteen tertiary indicators. Specifically, the four primary indicators were the reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit. The seven secondary indicators were the electrical reliability, heat and cool reliability, system economics, environmental protection of energy-supply equipment, environmental protection of energy-storage equipment, stable benefit, environmental benefit. The fourteen tertiary indicators were the electrical deficiency rate, heat deficiency rate, cool deficiency rate, initial investment cost, maintenance cost, ratio of price to available life on the equipment, pollutant emission, installation rate of renewable energy, installation rate of heating-cooling-electricity for supply unit, replacement cycle rate of battery storage, replacement cycle rate of cool storage, replacement cycle rate of heat storage, electrical power exchange cost with distribution network, environmental pollution penalty cost. The formula of each indicator were given for these 25 parameters. The weightof each evaluation indicator was solved using an entropy method, indicating a flow chart for theimplementation. The weight distributions of these indicators were obtainedin the micro-energy-grid, representing the evaluation value of each planning scheme. In the actual planning process of a project, it was usually focused on small parts of the indicators, depending onthe environmental condition, funding and the needs of the project. It was not possible to select the whole planning scheme fully complying with these 25 indicators in the actual evaluation. Therefore, an expert evaluation method was also establish to show the weight table of expert evaluation indicators. The new weight/ values of the different indicators in the planning schemes were obtainedcombining the entropy and the expert evaluation method, as well the new evaluation values of the whole planning schemes on the rural micro-energy-grid. Three planning schemes of a village in the western China were selected as a case study to verify the proposed planning indicators in this paper. The loading data of the heating-cooling-electricity in four seasons was given before the simulation, as well the time-of-use electrical price and equipment parameters of the rural micro-energy-grid. The results showed that the evaluation values of the scheme 1, 2 and 3 were 1.32, 1.14 and 2.47, respectively,according to entropy method. In the scheme 2,there was the minimums in the installed rate of renewable energy and heating-cooling-electricity supply unit, whereas in the scheme 3, the maximums considering all the evaluation indicators werethe reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit. Therefore, the expert system 1, 2, 3 and 4 focused on the reliability, economics, environmental protection and benefit, respectively. The whole planning schemes of the rural micro-energy-grid were also re-evaluated by combining the method of expert evaluation and entropy. The comprehensive evaluation value of scheme 2 has the highest valuebecause the expert system 3 focused on the environmental protection indicators. In experts 1, 2 and 4, the comprehensive evaluation value of scheme 3 has the highest value. If the project need is the reliability, economics and benefit, scheme 3 can be the best choice. The findingsdemonstrated that the proposedevaluation system can efficiently evaluate the planning scheme of the micro-energy-grid, and provide aninsightful applied guidance for the construction and planning of micro-energy-grid inrural areas.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Electric power transmission networks
Controlled terms:Cooling - Digital storage - Economics - Electric energy storage - Energy policy - Environmental protection - Expert systems - Heat storage - Heating - Investments  - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Pollution - Reliability - Rural areas - Thermal management (electronics)
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation - Electrical reliability - Environmental benefits - Environmental conditions - Environmental pollutions - Equipment parameters - Evaluation indicators - Expert evaluation method
Classification code:454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 525.6  Energy Policy - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 706.1.1  Electric Power Transmission - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.4.1  Expert Systems - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20202208761789
Title:Hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow under patchy vegetation cover
Title of translation:&#26001;&#22359;&#29366;&#26893;&#34987;&#35206;&#30422;&#19979;&#22369;&#38754;&#27969;&#27700;&#21160;&#21147;&#23398;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Liu, Xile (1); Zhang, Kuandi (1, 2); Yang, Jie (3); Meng, He (1); Wang, Jingwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Hetao University, Bayan Nur; 015000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Kuandi(zhangkuandi428@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:122-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The flow of surface water under vegetation cover has a significant impact on the hydraulic erosion of slope. Most previous studies focused on vegetation type, coverage, stiffness, diameter, submergence and height, particularly on the relationships between some botanical attributes and flow resistance. In recent years, the spatial location and distribution pattern of vegetation, such as sloping land, have become drawn much attention. However, few researches have been conducted on the sloping land under natural conditions, where less disturbed by human activities and covered by fragmented patchy vegetation. To clarify hydrodynamic characteristics of overland flow covered by patch vegetation, a fixed-bed resistance simulation scouring test was conducted at the State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on the Loess Plateau, China. The test was set up with 6 slopes with a range of 0.034 9 to 0.207 9. According to the critical intensity of erosion rain on the Loess Plateau, seven single-wide flows were designed, ranging from 0.278&times;10^-3 to 2.500&times;10^-3 m² /s.To simulate the vegetation distribution in the natural state, the grass was randomly arranged in patches, where5 coverages were set up to explore the critical coverage of vegetation on the slope. A systematic analysis has been made to investigate the resistance mechanism of slope flow zone under patch-like vegetation.The results showed that: 1) Under the experimental conditions, the overland flow over vegetation coverage could be considered as the virtual laminar flow and transitional flow, and this evolution process of the water flow pattern was restricted by vegetation coverage and slopes. As the slope gradient increased, the flow pattern extended from the subcritical flow to supercritical flow, while it showed an adverse trend when the coverage degree increased. 2) The formation mechanism of slope resistance was closely related to the coverage condition, flow discharge and water depth. The proportion of particle resistance decreased when these three factors increased, but it had nothing to do with the slope gradient. 3) In the transitional flow zone, the comprehensive resistance coefficient was negatively correlated with Reynolds number, while the aforementioned relationship was mainly influenced by the varying vegetation coverage degree in the transitional zone. With the increase of coverage degree, it gradually changedfrom the negative correlation to positive correlation, and the influence of slopes gradually became dominate. 4) The comprehensive flow resistance coefficient showed a power function relationship with the coverage degree. When the coverage degree did not reach a critical value, the comprehensive flow resistance coefficient rose significantly as the coverage degree increased, but this trend tended to be stable as the coverage degree was relatively larger than the critical value. This relationship was alsorestricted by the flow discharge and slope gradient, that is why the f-Cr relationship curve would cross under the different flow discharges when the coverage degree increased. 5) The relationship between the comprehensive flow resistance coefficient and submergence degree was also related to the coverage degree. When it did not reach to the critical coverage degree, they were negatively related. But as it increased continuously, the comprehensive flow resistance coefficient first decreased, and then increased as the submergence degree increased. 6) In addition, usingthe stress analysis of water body covered by patch vegetation, a calculation model of overland flow resistance considering slope gradient, vegetation coverage, Reynolds number and submergence degree was established based on the equivalent principle. The determination coefficient was 0.831 and 0.806, respectively in the virtual laminar flow and transitional flow zone. It can be seen that the Reynolds number played a leading role in the virtual laminar flow zone, while the coverage degree was more important in the transitional zone.As the Nash coefficient was 0.836 and 0.784, it indicates that this model can simulate the flow resistance on slopes covered by patch vegetation. This finding provides a theoretical basis for adopting vegetation measures for soil and water conservation.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Flow of water - Flow patterns - Flowmeters - Hydrodynamics - Laminar flow - Landforms - Reynolds equation - Reynolds number - Sediments  - Soil conservation - Stress analysis - Surface waters - Transition flow - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Experimental conditions - Flow-resistance coefficients - Hydrodynamic characteristics - Resistance coefficients - Resistance mechanisms - Soil and water conservation - Vegetation distribution
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 444.1  Surface Water - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 943.1  Mechanical Instruments - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20202208761796
Title:Shadow prices and pollution costs of agricultural pollutants in China from 1978 to 2017
Title of translation:1978-2017&#24180;&#20013;&#22269;&#20892;&#19994;&#27745;&#26579;&#29289;&#24433;&#23376;&#20215;&#26684;&#21450;&#27745;&#26579;&#25104;&#26412;&#27979;&#31639;
Authors:Zou, Lilin (1, 2); Liu, Yansui (2); Wang, Yongsheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Political Science and Public Administration, Center for Political Development and Public Governance Research, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou; 362021, China; (2) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yansui(liuys@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:223-230
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There has a drastic change in structures of agricultural production and rural economy in China over the recent years. Pollution induced by agrochemical applications, livestock and poultry breeding, straw incineration in agricultural production has been increasing, and agricultural pollution has overtaken industrial pollution becoming the main water pollution source in China. However, efforts to ameliorate these pollutions are difficult to implement because of a lack of understanding of their associated costs. This is one reason why agricultural pollution control is still regulation-based rather than market-based as has been widely used in controlling industrial pollution. Shadow price of agricultural pollutant is a key to help policy-make strategies to remediate agricultural pollutants. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue by taking agricultural data measured from 1978 to 2017 at provincial scale in China as an example. We estimated the quadratic directional distance function, revenue function and the costs of pollution in agricultural production. The results showed that the shadow prices of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and COD had reduced by 26.8%, 35.9% and 59.7%, respectively, from 1978 to 2017, having undergone through free development stage, reform promotion stage, market regulation stage and policy incentive stage. Because of the difference in natural and socio-economic conditions between the provinces, there was a noticeable spatial variation in shadow prices of agricultural pollutants in them. In the northwest China, the shadow price of TN was the lowest, while in the southwest China, the shadow price of TN and TP was the highest and the price of COD was the lowest. In east China the shadow price of TP was the lowest and the price of COD was the highest. The average annual costs of pollution in agricultural production was 76.06 billion Yuan per year, accounting for 10.8% of the value of the total agricultural production. In particular, the costs of pollution in Ningxia, Guizhou, Hebei, and Shandong accounted for more than 14% of the value of their total annual agricultural production. The long-term change in shadow price of agricultural pollutants and the costs of agricultural pollution in China indicated that agricultural production was complex and affected by individual and combined natural, social-economic and political factors. Agricultural policies should be made based on the requirement of the "two-oriented agriculture" development by reforming agricultural supply structure to improve quality and efficiency of the agricultural supply to avoid falling into the "profit pursuing policy" trap. Transformation of agricultural production should focus on improving land productivity and resource and labor use efficiency, along with reducing dependence on petrochemicals and remediating non-point agricultural pollutant. It also needs to consider resource conservation and environmental protection by developing circular, and ecological-friendly intensive agriculture.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Commerce - Conservation - Costs - Efficiency - Incineration - Natural resources - Petrochemicals - Remediation - Water pollution  - Water pollution control
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural policies - Agricultural pollutants - Agricultural pollution - Agricultural productions - Agrochemical application - Directional distance function - Resource conservation - Socio-economic conditions
Classification code:453  Water Pollution - 453.2  Water Pollution Control - 454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 513.3  Petroleum Products - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 5.97e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20202208758096
Title:Analysis of the total nitrogen content of crop residues determined by using Kjeldahl and Dumas methods
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;Kjeldahl&#19982;Dumas&#26041;&#27861;&#30340;&#20892;&#20316;&#29289;&#31224;&#31174;&#24635;&#27694;&#21547;&#37327;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wang, Xinlei (1); Yuan, Xiangru (1); Zhang, Xiaoxiao (1); Xie, Ruyue (1); Xiao, Weihua (1); Han, Lujia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Han, Lujia(hanlj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:206-214
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Kjeldahl and combustion (Dumas) methods are the main methods used to determine total nitrogen (TKN and TCN) content in agriculture biomass. However, the results obtained using these methods differ because of differences in their underlying principles. Herein, we used these two methods to determine the total nitrogen content in 1 179 crop residues (rice straw, wheat straw, corn stover, rape stalk, cotton stalk) from China, and systematically analyzed and compared in total nitrogen content and their distributions in the collected crop residues by different types with these two methods. Seven common distributions (Normal, Lognormal, Gamma, Weibull, Exponential, Laplace, Lorentz) were used to determine the data distribution types of TKN and TCN in different crop residues. The correlation between the two methods was explored using ordinary least squares regression (OLS), orthogonal regression (Orth), and least median square regression (LMS). Finally, the research reviewed the correlation between different biomass (food, flowers, grass, soil, crop, crop residues, sewage sludge and animal manure, etc.) results of two methods for measuring nitrogen content. The results showed: The distributions of nitrogen content were non-normal distributions in different crop residues. The total TKN and TCN contents were the same distributions in rice straw, wheat straw, rape stalk and total crop residues which approximately followed Lognormal, Gamma, Lognormal and Lognormal respectively. The median method was recommended for data statistics, and results from low to high were: 1) TKN: wheat straw (5.66 &plusmn; 1.07 g/kg), rape stalk (7.10 &plusmn; 1.87 g/kg), rice straw (8.20 &plusmn; 1.42 g/kg), corn stover (8.82 &plusmn; 2.23 g/kg), cotton stalk (10.42 &plusmn; 1.45 g/kg); 2) TCN: wheat straw (6.17 &plusmn; 1.17 g/kg), rape stalk (8.50 &plusmn; 2.45 g/kg), rice straw (8.59 &plusmn; 1.45 g/kg), corn stover (10.10 &plusmn; 1.91 g/kg), cotton stalk (11.75 &plusmn; 1.48 g/kg). It was found that TKN was significantly lower than TCN in all types of crop residues (P < 0.05). TKN and TCN values were also significantly different among wheat straw, cotton stalk and other crop residues (P < 0.05). Although the fitting efficiencies of OLS, Orth and LMS were the same on the determination coefficient (R²) scale, the fitting results were different. LMS was recommended because it reduced the effect of outliers compared with three methods, observed from kernel density - scatter plots. Five types of crop residues and the total had different fitting result between TKN and TCN. The correlation between TKN and TCN for total crop residues was quantified as the LMS equation. In addition, there was a gap of the linear relationships between TKN and TCN in different types of biomass. The slope of plant biomass was generally lower than that of animal manure, whose potential reason was different forms and contents of nitrogen in different biomass (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, heterocyclic nitrogen, and nucleic acid nitrogen, etc.). The results may provide extensive and reliable data for reference from large sample size, and methods support for the scientific utilization of nitrogen in crop residues.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Least squares approximations
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Animals - Biomass - Cotton - Crops - Fertilizers - Manures - Normal distribution - Nucleic acids - Sewage sludge  - Straw - Waste incineration - Weibull distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Heterocyclic nitrogen - Linear relationships - Non-normal distribution - Ordinary least squares regressions - Orthogonal regression - Total nitrogen content - Underlying principles
Classification code:452.2  Sewage Treatment - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.1  Probability Theory - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20202208742354
Title:Hyperspectral image classification based on manifold spectral dimensionality reduction and deep learning method
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#27969;&#24418;&#20809;&#35889;&#38477;&#32500;&#21644;&#28145;&#24230;&#23398;&#20064;&#30340;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#24433;&#20687;&#20998;&#31867;
Authors:Shi, Yun (1); Ma, Donghui (1); Lyu, Jie (1); Li, Jie (1); Shi, Jingjian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an; 710054, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Jie(rsxust@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:151-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hyperspectral remote sensing image is rich in spectral information which has great application potential in forestry, agriculture, geosciences, and other fields. In order to solve the problem of the small sample, multi-dimension, correlation and nonlinearity, and to improve the accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing image classification, this study proposed a method of hyperspectral image dimension reduction based on t-distribution stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). Convolutional neural network (CNN) was used to extract features and to classify hyperspectral remote sensing images. The t-SNE used the t distribution instead of the Gaussian distribution and defined a symmetric joint probability distribution based on the original SNE, thus it could simplify the gradient calculation. T-distribution was more sensitive to local features because of its long tail character. Using t-distribution instead of Gaussian distribution ensured that the points mapped from high-dimensional space to low-dimensional space were almost unaffected by spatial changes. It was feasible to make intra-class points aggregated closely, and inter-class points dispersed. Meanwhile, it could use the local features of high-dimensional data and maintain the non-linear features of the original data set. To improve the accuracy of hyperspectral remote sensing classification, a novel method based on manifold learning and CNN was proposed. First, the data points in the original high-dimensional space were mapped into the low-dimensional space. The dimensional reduction scale was important for classification results. In order to find the best dimensional reduction scale, an experiment with dimensions ranging from 5 to 30 was conducted. The scale of the Indian Pines dataset was set at 20, the Pavia Center dataset was set at 16 and the Pavia University dataset was set at 18. Perplexity was another important parameter and it had been set at 30 according to the test. Their topological relations were preserved after dimensional reduction. Second, a CNN with a seven layers network structure was designed. It consisted of two convolution layers, two pooling layers, two full connection layers, and one full connection layer. Two convolution layers and two pooling layers existed alternately, and the end of the network related to a full connection layer. A Softmax function was used as a classifier and the AdaGrad algorithm was used for network optimization. With the progress of the optimization process, the learning rate would be reduced for the variables that had decreased a lot. Rectified linear unit (ReLU) has been used as an activation function. The advantages of the ReLU function are more efficient in gradient descent and backpropagation because it avoids the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance and it simplifies the calculation process and reduces the overall calculation cost of CNN. The hyperspectral remote sensing data after dimension reduction was used as the input layer to extract the deep features on CNN. Finally, the spatial-spectral features of hyperspectral images were classified. The robustness of the proposed algorithm was verified in three open datasets; (i) Indian Pines, (ii) Pavia Center and (iii) Pavia University. The overall accuracy of classification in three data sets had reached 99.05%, 99.43%, and 98.90%. The proposed algorithm showed a better effect on dimension reduction compared with the original CNN. Since t-SNE was more sensitive to local features and considered inter-class differences, remarkable results had been achieved for small ground object samples. Compared with the original CNN, the problem of "salt and pepper noise" in the hyperspectral image was solved effectively and the overall classification accuracy was significantly improved. The method of manifold learning and convolutional neural networks could also provide a new approach for the hyperspectral remote sensing image classification.It was usually difficult to obtain the labeled sample data of the hyperspectral image, while the performance of the deep learning model depended on many mark samples. In future work, we would consider how to construct the classification model under the condition of limited labeled samples to obtain better classification results.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Backpropagation - Clustering algorithms - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Data reduction - Deep learning - Dimensionality reduction - Forestry - Gaussian distribution  - Gradient methods - Image classification - Image enhancement - Learning systems - Network layers - Optimization - Remote sensing - Space optics - Spectroscopy - Stochastic systems
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Classification results - High dimensional spaces - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Hyperspectral remote sensing data - Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image - Joint probability distributions - Stochastic neighbor embedding
Classification code:656.1  Space Flight - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.1  Probability Theory - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.89e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20202208761781
Title:Effect and mechanism of modification of particle-gypsum composites with melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin
Title of translation:&#19977;&#32858;&#27696;&#33018;-&#33074;&#37275;&#26641;&#33026;&#25913;&#24615;&#26408;&#22522;&#30707;&#33167;&#22797;&#21512;&#26448;&#26009;&#30340;&#25928;&#26524;&#21450;&#26426;&#29702;
Authors:Yue, Kong (1); Liang, Bing (1); Zhao, Mingyuan (1); Tang, Zhongqiu (1); Wang, Feng (1); Liu, Jian (1); Liu, Weiqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing; 211800, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:300-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The mechanical properties of gypsum board was poor, and cannot be used as load-bearing material in construction. Plant fibers can be employed as the reinforcement to increase the mechanical properties of the gypsum board, but the improvement increment on the mechanical properties was limited because of the addition of gypsum retarders during the preparation of general particle-gypsum composites. The gypsum retarder solution deteriorated the morphology of gypsum crystals, and the gypsum crystals became shorter and wider, and then the overlapping area decreased among them. The general particle-gypsum composites still cannot be used in structural application. In order to increase the mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composite, a two-step preparation process including pre-forming molding and moisture-curing was proposed in this study. The particle-gypsum composites with different melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) content and the particle/gypsum ratio was prepared, and the physical and mechanical properties was tested. The effects of MUF content and the particle/gypsum mass ratio on mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composites were analyzed by one-factor experiment. The results in the present study were compared with the requirements in three product standards and that in the reported literatures. The test results showed there was a positive relationship between the MUF content and the mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composites, and the particle/gypsum mass ratio had a slight impact. The mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composites with more than 15% MUF content met the requirements of standard LY/T 1598 (2011), and the values, except longitudinal modulus of rupture, were in accordance with the requirements of standard LY/T 1580 (2010) when MUF content was above 21%. The mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composites reached E5.0-F16.0 grade according to the standard GB/T 35216 (2017), when 33% and higher MUF content was used. The curves of bending load with deformation of gypsum boards exhibited linear elastic behavior due to the brittleness of gypsum crystals. All particle-gypsum composites in bending tests exhibited obvious non-linear behavior before the maximum load was reached, and the failure was ductile. The strengths of the composites in the present study were all higher than that in the reported literatures. Therefore, the particle-gypsum composites can be used as structural boards in construction. Based on the combination of mechanical properties and costs, the performance of the particle-gypsum composites with 33% MUF content and a particle/gypsum mass ratio of 0.30 were better, and the internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, displacement ductility coefficient and 24 h thickness swelling of the particle-gypsum composite were 1.28 MPa, 16.5 MPa, 7350 MPa, 1.64 and 1.23%, respectively. After the new preparation process was employed, the mechanical properties of the particle-gypsum composites were increased greatly due to the increase of the strength of the gypsum continuous phase and the obvious improvement of the interfacial bonding strength between the particle reinforcement and the gypsum continuous phase. The microscopic images by scanning electron microscope indicated that gypsum crystals in particle-gypsum composites were slender, when the new preparation process was employed. The gypsum crystals interlaced among them, and the contact area of the gypsum crystals was increased greatly with the increase of MUF content. Therefore, the gypsum continuous phase was strengthened. The amount of the gypsum on the surface of the wood particles was significantly increased with the increase of MUF content due to the bonding performance of MUF resin.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Gypsum
Controlled terms:Bending tests - Crystals - Formaldehyde - Fracture mechanics - Mechanical properties - Metabolism - Molding - Morphology - Reinforcement - Resins  - Scanning electron microscopy - Urea - Urea formaldehyde resins
Uncontrolled terms:Interfacial bonding strength - Internal bond strengths - Linear elastic behavior - Load-bearing materials - Melamine urea formaldehydes - Melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin - Physical and mechanical properties - Structural applications
Classification code:422  Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 482.2  Minerals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 931.1  Mechanics - 933.1  Crystalline Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.23e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.64e+00%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Pressure 1.28e+06Pa, Pressure 1.65e+07Pa, Pressure 7.35e+09Pa, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20202208742356
Title:Effects of surface roughness and vegetation coverage on Manning's resistance coefficient to overland flow
Title of translation:&#22320;&#34920;&#31895;&#31961;&#24230;&#21450;&#26893;&#34987;&#30422;&#24230;&#23545;&#22369;&#38754;&#27969;&#26364;&#23425;&#38459;&#21147;&#31995;&#25968;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Yang, Pingping (1, 2); Li, Rui (1, 2); Pan, Lidong (1, 2); Wang, Yunqi (3, 4); Huang, Kai (1, 2); Zhang, Linqing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) Three-gorges Area (Chongqing) Forest Ecosystem Research Station of Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Chongqing Jinyun Forest Eco-system Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Rui(rlfer@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:106-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Resistance to flow of surface water determinesthe study hydrodynamics in the slope. The common resistance types in the wild are grain resistance that mainly exerted by soil particles,and thevegetation resistance that exerted by the vegetation belonging to form resistance. However, there are no consensus conclusions about the laws of overland flow that influenced by the grain and vegetation resistance, especially for the resistance to overland flow that calculated by manning's resistance coefficient. Simultaneously, the superposition principle that used to calculate composite resistance needs to be verified in these situations for the overland flow. Therefore, the artificial scouring experiments in the fixed bed have beenconducted at the slope gradient of 5&deg; in Jinyun Forest Ecosystem Research station, Chongqing Province, China. The waterproofs with different roughness were selectedto simulate the surface roughness, whilethe circular cylinders with different diameterswere used to simulate the vegetation coverage. In this study, 9 different unit discharges varyingfrom 0.2&times;10^-3 to 0.5&times;10^-3 m³/(m &bull; s) were set as the water inflow; 3 different grain sizes k<inf>s</inf> of surface roughness of 0.12, 0.18, 0.38 mm were selected to simulate the grain resistance, while the k<inf>s</inf> of smooth flume bed equaled to 0.009; and 4 different vegetation coverage Cr of 0, 4.0%, 6.6%, 12.2% were selected to simulate the vegetation resistance. To calculate more accurately, the resistance was calculated by the equivalent manning's resistance coefficient n<inf>e</inf> which usedthe equivalent hydraulic radius, instead of hydraulic radius. The equivalent hydraulic radius were considered the contact area of vegetation and flow, while the hydraulic radius did not. The velocity of overland flow were measured using a trace method, and repeated for 10 times. Afterwards, the flow depth h and n<inf>e</inf>were calculated. Results showed that 1) the n<inf>e</inf> negatively relates with discharge for non-vegetated slope, while positively relates with discharge for vegetated slope. The n<inf>e</inf> increases as the increasing k<inf>s</inf> and Cr. 2) Assuming the composite resistance equals to the sum of grain resistance and vegetation resistance, the equivalent manning's resistance caused by grain resistance n<inf>eb</inf> and caused by vegetation resistance n<inf>ev</inf>can be deduced. The n<inf>eb</inf> negatively relates with h, while positively relates with k<inf>s</inf>. The n<inf>ev</inf> linearly positive relates with h for larger h, while the n<inf>ev</inf> is larger for the lower h. This phenomenon indicates that the linear superposition principle wasnot suitable for calculating the overland flow resistance, because the vegetation resistance should be linearly positively related with h for the fully flow depth if the linear superposition principle was suitable based on the results of previous works. The larger n<inf>ev</inf> for the lower hcan beattribute to the effect of additional resistance. Because of the shallow flow depth of the overland flow, the region impact of surface roughness was overlapped with the region impact of vegetation. Therefore, twotypes of the resistance interfered each other, resulting the additional resistance. Afterwards, the equivalent manning's resistance that caused by additional resistance n<inf>a</inf>was used to verify n<inf>ev</inf>, resulting in n<inf>ev</inf> linearly increased as the increasing h. The n<inf>a</inf> negatively related with h, while positively related with k<inf>s</inf> and Cr. 3) The multiple regression analysis was used to simulate n<inf>e</inf>, and the results was well accordance with the observed n<inf>e</inf> (correlation coefficient 0.98). Finally, by comparing correlation coefficient R after rejecting corresponding resistance components, the vegetation resistance is the major factor of n<inf>e</inf> and the grain resistance is the second major factor, while additional resistance has the smaller impact on n<inf>e</inf>. This finding provides sound supports for building the model of soil erosion, and for the conservation of soil and water on the slope.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Surface roughness
Controlled terms:Circular cylinders - Ecosystems - Historic preservation - Mechanics - Particle size analysis - Regression analysis - Soil conservation - Soils - Surface discharges - Surface waters  - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Additional resistances - Correlation coefficient - Linear superposition principles - Multiple regression analysis - Resistance coefficients - Scouring experiments - Superposition principle - Vegetation resistance
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.1  Mechanics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 6.60e+00%, Size 3.80e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20202208742353
Title:Inhibition effect of iron modified biochar on migration of As in soil
Title of translation:&#38081;&#25913;&#24615;&#29983;&#29289;&#28845;&#25233;&#21046;&#22303;&#22756;&#20013;As&#30340;&#36801;&#31227;
Authors:Wu, Fufei (1); Jia, Hongtao (2); Dong, Shuangkuai (1); Wang, Hong (1); Zhu, Dan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Academic Affairs Office, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Shuangkuai(849099914@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:215-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of iron (FeCl<inf>3</inf> &bull;6H<inf>2</inf>O) modified biochar on the migration capacity and morphology of As in soil. The biochar was made from cotton straw. The modified biochar was prepared by 20:1 biochar and FeCl<inf>3</inf>&bull;6H<inf>2</inf>O. The pH value of biochar was 11.4 and that of the modified biochar was 8.5. Soil at 0-20 cm layer of farmland was collected for column experiments. The column was 50 cm in height. The 0-20 cm of soil column was the mixture of biochar or modified biochar and soil at the ratio of 0, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%, respectively. The bulk density of soil column was consistent with that in the field. The column was irrigated for 20 times. The irrigation amount was 200 mL for each time. The filtrates and soil samples were collected to determine the As content and forms. The results showed that the total As content values in filtrates from soil columns with 1%-8% biochar were gradually decreased with irrigation times. After two times of irrigation, the As content was lower than 10 &mu;g/L (national security drinking water standard in China). However, the values of As content in all the filtrates from soil columns with 1%-8% iron modified biochar were lower than 5 &mu;g/L, which was much lower than the standard. The content of As in the soil decreased with the increase of addition amount of biochar and iron modified biochar. It also decreased with increasing soil depth. The content of As in the first layer of soil were the highest. In the biochar treatments, the proportion of As in the first layer accounted for 45.46% (soil with 1% biochar addition), 48.41% (soil with 2% biochar addition), 48.88% (soil with 4% biochar addition) and 51.92% (soil with 8% biochar addition) of the total, respectively. In the iron modified biochar treatments, the proportion of As in the first layer accounted for 51.71% (soil with 1% modified biochar addition), 51.99% (soil with 2% modified biochar addition), 54.46% (soil with 4% modified biochar addition) and 60.26% (soil with 8% modified biochar addition) of the total, respectively. The content of modified biochar in the first layer was 1.42-1.66 times of that in soils without modified biochar addition. Thus, the As migration in soil could be prevented by adding biochar in 0-20 cm layer, and the inhibition role of the iron modified biochar was stronger than that of biochar. In the soil without biochar, the As was present in six forms including residue arsenic (R-As), calcium arsenic (Ca-As), water arsenic (W-As), exchange arsenic (E-As), aluminum arsenic (Al-As) and iron arsenic (Fe-As). After adding biochar, the As still occurred in the six forms but the content of W-As decreased while the content of R-As increased in the layer less than four, and the R-As and Al-As were the two main forms in the fifth and sixth layers. The soil with iron modified biochar had a small amount of W-As and E-As, and R-As, Ca-As and Al-As were mainly present in the first and second layers. Therefore, adding iron modified biochar into soil greatly decreased the content of W-As and increased the content of R-As. The iron modified biochar can promote transformation of As forms into R-As, which will reduce the risk of As to pollute soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Aluminum compounds - Arsenic - Calcium compounds - Chlorine compounds - Iron - Iron compounds - Irrigation - National security - Potable water
Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Column experiments - Cotton straws - Drinking water standards - Inhibition effect - Irrigation amounts - Second layer - Soil column
Classification code:404.1  Military Engineering - 444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 545.1  Iron - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-06kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.55e+01%, Percentage 4.84e+01%, Percentage 4.89e+01%, Percentage 5.17e+01%, Percentage 5.19e+01%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Percentage 5.45e+01%, Percentage 6.03e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Volume 2.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20202208761834
Title:Algorithm for recognition and image segmentation of overlapping grape cluster in natural environment
Title of translation:&#33258;&#28982;&#29615;&#22659;&#19979;&#36148;&#21472;&#33889;&#33796;&#20018;&#30340;&#35782;&#21035;&#19982;&#22270;&#20687;&#20998;&#21106;&#31639;&#27861;
Authors:Liu, Ping (1); Zhu, Yanjun (1); Zhang, Tongxun (1); Hou, Jialin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Laboratory, Tai'an; 271018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:161-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to identify and segment the overlapping grape clusters in the natural conditions, this paper selected Xiahei grape as the experimental sample to carry out relevant research. Firstly, the RGB color channel was transformed into HSV color channel and YCbCr color channel. Through histogram analysis and comparison of each component of HSV color channel and YCbCr color channel, H component in HSV space was determined as the experimental object of image preprocessing. Then, K-means clustering algorithm was used to extract the H component in HSV color space. To obtain the region of overlapping grape clusters, Sobel operator was used to extract the contour of the overlapping grape clusters. Then the contour analysis method was used to analyze the contour of the overlapping grape clusters, and the contour extreme points and the central point of the overlapping grape clusters were obtained. By analyzing the aspect ratio of grape cluster region, we could judge the overlapping type of grape clusters. If it was a single grape cluster, it would be identified directly. If it was a veritcally overlapping grape cluster, rotated the image 90&deg; anticlockwise, and then used the same processing method as the left and right overlapping grape clusters proposed in this paper. The general target grape cluster area was obtained by contour analysis. After that, we could solve the quasi-central point by the central point between the midpoint and the right extreme point, and the intersection point of the two lines between up and lower extreme points and left and right extreme points in the target grape cluster region. The improved Chan-Vese model limited the iteration times of the Chan-Vese model by using the distance between the center point and the quasi-central point. After that, based on the Chan-Vese model and the quasi-central point as the origin, the iterative identification of target grape cluster was carried out. The binary image processing was carried out for the grape cluster area obtained by Chan-Vese, and the contour information of the overlapping boundary was obtained. Finally, image fusion was used to fuse the grape cluster contour obtained by Chan-Vese model with the original contour. The test results show that the average recognition accuracy of the target grape cluster on the left of the overlapping grape cluster was 92.19%, and the average false positive rate was 2.82%. The average recognition accuracy of the target grape cluster on the right of the overlapping grape cluster was 87.22%, and the average false positive rate was 6.03%. The average recognition accuracy of all the target grape cluster was 89.71%, and the average false positive rate was 4.24%. Compared with the existing segmentation method which only based on contour analysis, the method proposed in this paper could recognize and segment the whole target grape cluster, and greatly improve the accuracy of recognition and segmentation. This method is more conducive to acquisition the information of the target grape cluster picking point, the study provide an efficient and stable recognition and segmentation algorithm for the grape picking robot to successfully pick overlapping grape clusters.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:K-means clustering
Controlled terms:Aspect ratio - Binary images - Chromium compounds - Color - Image fusion - Image segmentation - Iterative methods - Processing
Uncontrolled terms:Contour information - False positive rates - Intersection points - Iterative identification - Natural environments - Recognition accuracy - Segmentation algorithms - Segmentation methods
Classification code:723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1  Light/Optics - 913.4  Manufacturing - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.82e+00%, Percentage 4.24e+00%, Percentage 6.03e+00%, Percentage 8.72e+01%, Percentage 8.97e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20202208761653
Title:Preparation of banana cellulose - chitosan/polyacrylamide double network hydrogel and its adsorption
Title of translation:&#39321;&#34121;&#32420;&#32500;&#32032;-&#22771;&#32858;&#31958;/&#32858;&#19993;&#28911;&#37232;&#33018;&#21452;&#32593;&#32476;&#27700;&#20957;&#33014;&#30340;&#21046;&#22791;&#21450;&#21560;&#38468;&#24615;&#33021;
Authors:Song, Chuanjie (1); Zheng, Lili (2); Zheng, Xiaoyan (2); Ai, Binling (2); Yang, Yang (2); Zhong, Shuang (2); Xiao, Dao (2); Hao, Fengling (1); Sheng, Zhanwu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Petrochemical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin; 132022, China; (2) Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou; 571101, China
Corresponding author:Sheng, Zhanwu(shengzhanwu100@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:246-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydrogel can significantly expand in water and maintain their original structures and properties. Hydrogels have a promising application in enrichment and separation of low concentration heavy metal ions, because of the large adsorption capacity, fast adsorption speed, easy analysis, rich source and being environmentally friendly. However, the traditional hydrogel adsorbents prepared from chitosan, cellulose and other natural polysaccharides have poor mechanical properties, so it is necessary to synthesize a hydrogel adsorbent having good mechanical properties, which restricte their application in heavy metal adsorption. In this work, cellulose-chitosan / polyacrylamide (Ce-Cs/PAAM) double network hydrogel was prepared by a one-pot method. 0.5 g of banana fiber cellulose and 0.5 g of chitosan were dispersed in 20 mL of 0.1 mol/L acetic acid (the precursor solution for the first network ) and stirred at 60&#8451; for 5 h. The chitosan could be dissolved quickly while the banana fiber cellulose was partially dissolved. Then 4.26 g of acrylamide (the precursor solution for the second network) and 3 mL of epichlorohydrin (crosslinking agent) were added into the solution by magnetic stirring at 25&#8451; for 1 h. After that, 0.02 g of N, N-methylene diacrylamide (crosslinking agent), 0.02 g of potassium persulfate (initiator), and 0.2 g of &alpha;-ketoglutaric acid (light initiator) were added to the mixed solution and stirred for 15 min.The first and second network were polymerized and crosslinked simultaneously. The obtained solution was placed at 25&#8451; for 24 hours. The two polymer networks generated upon UV-curing for 6 hours to further polymerized the second layer of networked (polyacrylamide) under the action of light initiator, followed by washing in deionized water twice a day for 7 days to produce a white opaque gel. Cellulose-chitosan (Ce-Cs) and polyacrylamide (PAAM) hydrogel were prepared as control. The structure of the three types of hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The changes of functional group composition, surface structure, crystallization degree, mechanical properties, swelling properties and adsorption properties of samples were investigated. The results showed that the Ce-Cs / PAAM hydrogel was a three-dimensional porous and double network structure with excellent mechanical strength and toughness. Under the compressive strain of 90%, the maximum compressive stress was reached to 60 MPa. The swelling ratio in water was 9.56 mg/mg, and the swelling ratio in alkaline solution (pH 12) reached to 15.34 mg/mg. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cu²⁺ ions on Ce-Cs/ PAAM hydrogel was 312.4 mg/g (Qe) under the concentration of C<inf>0</inf> at 350 mg/L, pH at 5.5 and adsorption time for 90 min. Compared with polyacrylic acid / humus double network hydrogel (151.00 mg/g), the adsorption capacity of sample for Cu²⁺ ions was increased significantly. Therefore, the results indicated that Ce-Cs /PAAM double network hydrogel may be a promising Cu²⁺ ions adsorbent.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Hydrogels
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Alkalinity - Amides - Cellulose - Cerium alloys - Cerium compounds - Cesium compounds - Chitosan - Curing - Deionized water  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Fruits - Heavy metals - Mechanical properties - Metal ions - Organic acids - Potassium compounds - Scanning electron microscopy - Structural properties - Surface structure
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Adsorption properties - Double-network hydrogels - Double-network structures - Heavy metal adsorption - Natural polysaccharide - Strength and toughness - X ray diffractometers
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 531.1  Metallurgy - 547.2  Rare Earth Metals - 801  Chemistry - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.00e-04kg, Mass 2.00e-05kg, Mass 4.26e-03kg, Mass 5.00e-04kg, Mass_Density 3.50e-01kg/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Pressure 6.00e+07Pa, Time 1.80e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 5.40e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s, Volume 2.00e-05m3, Volume 3.00e-06m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20202208742351
Title:Fluorescence tracer method for analysis of droplet deposition pattern characteristics of the sprays applied via unmanned aerial vehicle
Title of translation:&#26893;&#20445;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#21943;&#26045;&#38654;&#28404;&#27785;&#31215;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#33639;&#20809;&#31034;&#36394;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Zhang, Ruirui (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Longlong (1, 2, 3, 4); Wen, Yao (1, 2, 3, 4); Chen, Liping (1, 2, 3, 4); Tang, Qing (1, 2, 3, 4); Yi, Tongchuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Song, Jiaxing (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) National Center for International Research on Agricultural Aerial Application Technology, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Beijing Engineering Laboratory for Beidou Navigation of Agricultural Machinery and Intelligent Measurement and Control, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Liping(chenlp@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:47-55
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of agricultural aviation technologies and their application in agricultural production, plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely used to control pests and diseases of crops. The high speed rotation of the rotor in the UAV produces a powerful downwash affecting the distribution of pesticide droplets on the ground. Understanding spatial distribution of these droplets on the ground is important to evaluate application quality of the pesticides and plays an important role in improving the spray system in UAV and optimizing its operating parameters. Current methods for measuring the droplet deposition distributions use a number of collectors placed regularly on the ground to receive the droplets and measured their sizes; it is difficult for them to effectively obtain the deposition of all droplets resultdue to the downwash of UAV. This paper presents a new method to resolve this problem by improving accuracy and spatial continuity of pesticide droplets measurement applied by an unmanned helicopter. The flying parameters of a 3WQF-80-10 unmanned helicopter used to spray pesticides were obtained from the high-precision Beidou navigation system, and the RQT-C-3 fluorescent whitening tracer with mass fraction of 1.0% was used as the proxy for the pesticides. Two droplet collection methods: one used continuous strip paper and the other one used individual water sensitive paper, were used to measure the droplets deposition distribution. We divided the experimental field into three areas, with Areas 1 and 2 spaced 3 m apart, and Areas 2 and 3 spaced 1m apart. A metal bracket 8 m log and 0.5 m away from the ground was placed in each area. Prior to the experiment, a paper tape was fixed on the surface of the bracket and the water-sensitive paper cards were placed evenly in the area 0.5 m away from the paper tape. There were one paper tape and 15 water sensitive papers in each area, and a total of six spray tests were performed based on pro-designed flight parameters. The combinations of flight speed and flight height were: 2 m/s and 3 m, 2 m/s and 6 m, 2 m/s and 9 m, 3 m/s and 3 m, 3 m/s and 6 m, and 4 m/s and 9 m. The paper tape was detected by fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, and the water sensitive papers were scanned using an image processing software to obtain droplet deposition coverage rate. The results showed that distribution curves of the coverage rate obtained by the paper tape method coupled with the fluorescence spectrum tracer were consistent with that obtained from the images of the water sensitive paper method, with the R² being 0.88~0.96. Because not all fine droplets fell on the water sensitive papers due to the effect of the high speed rotating rotor, the coverage rate curve measured by the continuous fluorescence method had multiple peaks and the value of its coverage rate was higher than that measured from the water sensitive paper method. When the unmanned helicopter flew at speed of 2 m/s and height of 3 m, the coverage ratio obtained from the continuous fluorescence method was up 16.92% compared to that sampled from the individual water-sensitive paper method, while when the flight speed was 4 m/s at height of 9 m, the coverage ratio in the latter was 97.77% higher than in the former. In terms of the impacts of unmanned helicopter operating conditions on coverage rate, when the helicopter flew at 2 m/s and height of 3 m, the coverage rate of the droplets obtained from the two methods were the highest, being 8.34% for the continuous fluorescence method and 7.14% for the individual paper method. With the flight height and speed increasing, the spatial coverage rate of the droplets decreased. In summary, the high-speed rotor of UAV generates a downwash, making the droplets of pesticides move in different directions and resulting in a large spatial difference in their deposition on the ground. Therefore, the continuous sampling method is more adequate to evaluate the spatial distribution of the droplets. This study has implication for study on detecting deposition of pesticides and other agrochemicals applied by UAV.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Agricultural chemicals - Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Air navigation - Aircraft detection - Antennas - Deposition - Disease control - Fluorescence - Fluorescence spectroscopy  - Helicopters - Image processing - Navigation systems - Pesticides - Quality control - Radio navigation - Spatial distribution - Speed - Tracers - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  - Wakes
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Beidou navigation system - Continuous fluorescence - Deposition distribution - Fluorescence spectra - Fluorescent whitening - Image-processing software - Water sensitive paper
Classification code:431.5  Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 652.1  Aircraft, General - 652.4  Helicopters - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 741.1  Light/Optics - 741.3  Optical Devices and Systems - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+00%, Percentage 8.34e+00%, Percentage 9.78e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 6.00e+00m, Size 8.00e+00m, Size 9.00e+00m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 3.00e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20202208761633
Title:Effect of vacuum packaging at room temperature on maintaining storage quality of millet
Title of translation:&#24120;&#28201;&#30495;&#31354;&#21253;&#35013;&#23545;&#20445;&#25345;&#23567;&#31859;&#20648;&#34255;&#21697;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Shi, Jianchun (1); Li, Zhigang (1); Wang, Yu (1); Chen, Zhenjia (1); Gao, Junyu (1); Liu, Yaqi (1); Bai, Xuting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yu(sxtgwy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:262-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Millet is the product of the husk removal of Foxtail Millet, one of the oldest crops in the world, which originated in the Yellow River basin, and now widely planted in the northern region of China. Millet serves as a kind of common coarse cereals, and natural health-care product, which can be used both as food and medicine,attracting a large amount of consumers.However, the storage of millet become challenge because the millet easy to change without the protection of shell. In the storage process, the millet can be disturbed by many parameters, including temperature, humidity, oxygen and microorganism, to deteriorate product quality, such as aging, fever, mildew, insect damage, etc.Therefore, it is necessary to explore the effective methods forthe millet storage and preservation, in order to ensure the stability of millet quality and food security. This study aims to investigate some effects of vacuum packaging on the storage quality of the millet. In this experiment, Jingu 42 millet was used as the test material. The test millet was packed in 0.08mm thick polyamidecomposite polyethylene bags, each containing 400g. Samples were randomly divided into three groups. The first group of millet was sealed with vacuum (absolute vacuum is 0.01MPa) for storage. The second group of millet was conventional closed storage. The third group of millet was conventional storage as the control condition. All samples were stored at room temperature. Taking a bag of millet every 30 days to measure the relevant indicators, such as the crude fat, free fatty acid, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity, water content, yellow pigment, color difference and texture,5 times in total(150 days).The results showed that compared with the conventional storage, the vacuum packaging storage can effectively inhibit lipoxygenase activity(P<0.05), delay the oxidative decomposition of millet lipid(P<0.05), reduce the levels of the free fatty acids in millet(P<0.05), better maintain millet moisture(P<0.05), reduce millet yellow pigment loss(P<0.05), better keep the brightness(P<0.05), beige(P<0.05), elasticity(P<0.05) and adhesion(P<0.05), of the millet. Isolation of air and reduction of oxygen during storage can effectively delay the aging of millet, and maintain the taste of millet. At room temperature, the storage effect of millet is betterthan beforein the 0.08 mm thick polyamide composite polyethylene bag under conventional closed storage, but not as good as the vacuum packaging. The storage effect of the conventional storagewas the worst. The reason for this phenomenon can be related to the oxygen content in the storage environment under different packaging methods. The quality of millet was easily deteriorated by the conventional packaging storage, because the millet was in full contact with the air,if the storage environment was rich in oxygen. The oxygen content in the environment was relatively fixed under the condition of conventional closed storage, while with the consumption of millet itself, the oxygen content was less and less, which can inhibit the oxidation of millet lipid to a certain extent (P<0.05), slow down the loss of yellow pigment, and delay the aging of millet.Under the vacuum packing mode, most of the oxygen in the storage environment was pumped out to the outside, and the oxygen content in the storage environment was greatly reduced, which effectively insulated the contact between millet and oxygen, so the vacuum packing effectively delayed the quality deterioration of millet. The storage of millet in vacuum packaging at room temperature can keep good storage quality. The results of this study have a promising practical significance for guiding the storage of millet and improving millet quality. This finding canalso provide a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of vacuum storage technology in grain production.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Food storage
Controlled terms:Aliphatic compounds - Cereal products - Colorimetry - Deterioration - Fatty acids - Food supply - Oxygen - Packaging - Polyethylenes - Textures  - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Health care products - Oxidative decomposition - Polyamide composite - Polyethylene bags - Quality deteriorations - Reduction of oxygen - Storage technology - Yellow River basin
Classification code:694.1  Packaging, General - 694.4  Storage - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 822.1  Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3  Food Products - 941.4  Optical Variables Measurements - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.11e-01yr, Mass 4.00e-01kg, Pressure 1.00e+04Pa, Size 8.00e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20202208761756
Title:Hyperspectral and photosynthetic characteristics of waterlogged cotton during flowering and boll-forming stages and their relationship model
Title of translation:&#33457;&#38083;&#26399;&#21463;&#28061;&#26825;&#33457;&#30340;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;-&#20809;&#21512;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#20851;&#31995;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Wu, Qixia (1); Tan, Jinghong (1); Zhu, Jianqiang (1); Liu, Kaiwen (2); Li, Jinbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou; 434025, China; (2) Jingzhou Agriculture Meteorological Trial Station of Hubei Province, Jingzhou; 434025, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Jianqiang(zyjb@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:142-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aimed to investigate the influence of the waterlogging on the photosynthesisof the cotton using a hyperspectral model based on the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and fluorescence ratio index (FRI). A field experiment was performed on the cotton plants that subjected to four durationsof waterlogging with 1, 3, 6, and 9 days during flowering and boll-forming stage. The leaf reflectance, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of the four leaves from the top of cotton plants were measured after waterlogging and following,as well compared with non-waterlogged plants. Results showed that:1) Net photosynthetic rate (P<inf>n</inf>) decreased significantly after the 1^th day of waterlogging, whereas the factors leading to P<inf>n</inf> reduction varied with the duration of waterlogging. The ability of cotton to fixcarbon decreased significantly as the waterlogging duration less than 3 days. The stomatal factor was the principal factor leading to P<inf>n</inf> reduction within 3-6 days of waterlogging, whereas the stomatal and non-stomatal factors were responsible for C fixation as the durationof waterlogging longer than 6 days. 2) After the 1^th day of waterlogging, the significant decrease indices were the actual PSII photochemistry efficiency (&Phi;<inf>PS&#8545;</inf>), apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), and photochemistry quenching coefficient (qP), whereas the increase in the non-photochemistry quenching coefficient (NPQ). After the 3^rd day of waterlogging, the initial fluorescence (F<inf>o</inf>) increased significantly, and the maximum photochemistry efficiency (F<inf>v</inf> / F<inf>m</inf>) decreased after the 6^th day of waterlogging. Showing that PS&#8545;reaction center of the cotton leaves was destroyed by waterlogging, where the transfer rateof electrons and its efficiency were significantly reduced, leading to the decrease in the conversion rate of light energy, as well the distribution part of light energy that absorbed by PS&#8545; antenna pigments for photochemistry electron transfer, whereas the part that consumed by heat increasedsignificantly. Under the waterlogging stress, the share of light energy that used to photochemical reaction, share(P) was reduced significantly, while the invalid dissipation(the light energy share used in antenna heat dissipation(D) and used in PS &#8545; reaction center non-photochemical dissipation(E)) significantly increased, resulting the decrease in the utilization efficiency of light energy. There were strong non-linear relationships between the durations of waterloggingwith the increasing rate of D and E, and the reduction rate of P. 3) The PRI values decreased significantly, while FRI=R<inf>600</inf> / R<inf>690</inf> and FRI=R<inf>740</inf> / R<inf>800</inf> increased significantly after the 3^rd day of waterlogging. Under the waterlogging during the flowering and boll-forming stage, the PRI, FRI=R<inf>740</inf> / R<inf>800</inf>, FRI=R<inf>740</inf> / R<inf>800</inf>, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters demonstrated a linear relationship, indicating the hyperspectral models were feasible to predict the dynamic effects of the waterlogging damage on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of the fourth leaf from the top of plants. By comparison, the hyperspectral models were verified by high precision on simulating P<inf>n</inf> and G<inf>s</inf> dynamics in gas exchange and F<inf>o</inf>, F<inf>v</inf> / F<inf>m</inf>and NPQ dynamics in chlorophyll fluorescence. The determination coefficient (R²), normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and sensitivity of spectral parameters to waterlogging have confirmed that the established hyperspectral model involving PRI are suitable to simulate P<inf>n</inf>, G<inf>s</inf>, F<inf>o</inf>, F<inf>v</inf> / F<inf>m</inf> and NPQ during the short-term waterlogging duration at the late reproductive growth period of cotton plants.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Antennas - Chlorophyll - Cotton - Electron transitions - Fluorescence - Light - Mean square error - Photochemical reactions - Quenching - Reflection
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll fluorescence - Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters - Determination coefficients - Non-linear relationships - Photochemical reflectance index - Photosynthetic characteristics - Photosynthetic electron transfer - Quenching coefficients (qP)
Classification code:537.1  Heat Treatment Processes - 741.1  Light/Optics - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 2.47e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr to 1.64e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20202208743182
Title:Effects of root density on gully headcut erosion and morphological evolution process in gully regions of Loess Plateau
Title of translation:&#26681;&#31995;&#23494;&#24230;&#23545;&#40644;&#22303;&#22636;&#27807;&#22836;&#28335;&#28304;&#20405;&#34432;&#20135;&#27801;&#21644;&#24418;&#24577;&#28436;&#21270;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Feng, Lanqian (1, 2); Wang, Wenlong (1, 3); Guo, Mingming (3); Shi, Qianhua (3); Chen, Tongde (3); Kang, Hongliang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wenlong(wlwang@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:88-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gully headcut erosion become the main cause for the longitudinal and horizontal surface, surface fragmentation and area shrinkage in the gully region of the Loess Plateau in China,threatening the development of local agriculture, economy and ecological environment. At present, the vegetation hasplayed an important role in controlling the gully headcut erosion in this region. Most of the previous studies mainly focused on the influence of the above-ground parts of the vegetation on the basin and even the regional scale.However, little is known about the effects of the root density of vegetation on the gully headcut erosion. The effects of sediment production and its morphological evolution are also lacking, particularly on the loess. Therefore, a combined experiment of simulated rainfall and runoff scouring was conducted to explore the effects of the grass (Agropyron cristatum) root densities on the erosion process and morphological evolution during the gully headcut erosion. The experimental plot consist of the upstream area, gully head and gully bed. The length and width of the upstream area were 8.0 m and 1.5 m. The gully headwall height was 1.2 m. The length and width of the gully bed were 1.0 m and 1.5 m. The slope of the upstream area was consistent with that of the gully bed, being set as 3&deg;.Compared to the bare land experiment area, this paper presents the process of soil loss, gully head retreat, gully cutting and development, in the different root density around the experiment area of Agropyron cristatum (planting space: 20 cm&times;20 cm, C1; 15 cm&times;15 cm, C2; 10 cm&times;10 cm, C3). The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control plot, the sediment yield of grass-cover plot (C1-C3) decreased by 64.32%,70.31%and 69.92%, respectively. When the plant spacing of the Agropyron cristatum plants was 15 cm&times;15 cm, the sand reduction benefit was the largest. 2) In the control plot, the gully headcut erosion mainly includedthe following steps: the upstream flow incision, headwall erosion by the wall flow, plunge pool erosion by the jet flow, and finally the gully bank collapse,whereas,in the grass-covered plot,the gully headcut erosion was determined by the wall flow, plunge pool erosion by the jet flow, and the collapse of the hanging soil-root matrix at the gully head. The collapse was also the main reason for the gully headcut erosion of grassland. Alternatively, the accumulation distance of gully head in the grass-covered plot was shortened by 75.61% and 78.87%, and the accumulation distance of gully head inboth plots showed a significant power function with time. 3) The longitudinal section of erosion gully in the control plot was in ladder-shaped, and the gully head was rectangular; while in the grass-covered plot was trapezoid and arc-shaped. The average incision depth of the gully channel in the grass-covered was 1.64-1.92 times as deep as that in the control plot. However, the developed area of the gully channel decreased with the increase of root density, and the area of the gully in the grass-covered plot decreased by 68.0%-74.0% compared with that in the control plot. The findings can provide a promisingapproach for the implementation of the gully stabilization and loess-tableland protection in the gully region of Loess Plateau in China<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Erosion - Sediments - Soil conservation - Vegetation - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environments - Experimental plots - Horizontal surfaces - Longitudinal section - Morphological evolution - Sediment production - Simulated rainfall - Surface fragmentation
Classification code:481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.43e+01%, Percentage 6.80e+01% to 7.40e+01%, Percentage 6.99e+01%, Percentage 7.56e+01%, Percentage 7.89e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 8.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20202208761811
Title:Critical nitrogen dilution curve of drip-irrigated maize at vegetative growth stage based on leaf area index
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21494;&#38754;&#31215;&#25351;&#25968;&#26500;&#24314;&#28404;&#28748;&#29577;&#31859;&#33829;&#20859;&#29983;&#38271;&#26399;&#20020;&#30028;&#27694;&#31232;&#37322;&#26354;&#32447;
Authors:Jia, Biao (1); Fu, Jiangpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen is a main nutrient element for crop growth but the appropriate nitrogen application and management is important in the Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia. So, an effective method of accurate nitrogen assessment for maize is urgently needed in this area. In this study, based on leaf area index (LAI) of maize under drip-irrigated system, a critical nitrogen dilution curve model was established and its applicability for nitrogen management was assessed. The feasibility of diagnosing nitrogen nutrition status of maize under a water and fertilizer drip-integrated mode by using nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) was also evaluated. Six nitrogen application rates with three replicates each were designed including 0 (N0), 90 (N90), 180 (N180), 270 (N270), 360 (N360), and 450 (N450) kg/hm² in 2017 and 2018. The LAI, dry matter and nitrogen concentration were determined at jointing stage, trumpet stage, large trumpet stage, tasseling stage, and silking stage, respectively. Then, the quantitative relationship between LAI and plant nitrogen concentration (PNC) were analyzed. Moreover, the critical nitrogen dilution curve model based on LAI was constructed and verified after analysis of above-ground biomass accumulation and plant nitrogen concentration of maize from jointing stage to silking stage under different nitrogen application rates. The critical nitrogen dilution curve model was employed to reveal the effects of nitrogen application rates on NNI of maize at different growth stages. A theoretical framework was established to reveal the relationship between LAI and plant dry matter (PDM) curves and to compare the differences between critical nitrogen curve based on LAI and that based on PDM. The results showed that, as a whole, both LAI and plant nitrogen concentration were increased as nitrogen application rate increased. However, they increased with two distinct periods, which could be classified into nitrogen limitation and nitrogen non-limitation periods. The relationship between critical nitrogen and LAI conformed to a power function model at the vegetative growth stage of maize. Meanwhile, the root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized root mean square error (n-RMSE) of this established model were 0.09 and 4.13%, respectively. It indicated this model presented a good stability to predict critical nitrogen concentration of maize as well as to evaluate plant nitrogen nutrient at the vegetative growth stage. Furthermore, the NNI increased from 0.53 to 1.34 when the nitrogen fertilizer application rate increased at different growth stages. Hence, NNI could accurately reflect the nitrogen nutrition status of maize, and 270 kg/hm² was the best application rate of nitrogen in this study. In addition, under non-limited nitrogen condition, the nitrogen absorption of maize plants presented a positive correlation with LAI and the allometric growth parameters of LAI and PDM were closer to two thirds of the theoretical value. In conclusion, the established critical nitrogen curve based on LAI can effectively identify the nitrogen condition required by the plant from the jointing stage to the silking stage. The critical nitrogen curve based on leaf area index provides an effective evaluation method for precise nitrogen management of maize under drip-irrigated system in Ningxia.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Dilution - Mean square error - Nutrients - Nutrition - Plants (botany) - Silicon compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Different growth stages - Fertilizer applications - Nitrogen application rates - Nitrogen concentrations - Nitrogen dilution curves - Positive correlations - Root mean square errors - Theoretical framework
Classification code:461.7  Health Care - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.13e+00%, Percentage 9.00e-02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20202208758113
Title:Effects of upper and down air supply velocities in impingement quick freezing equipment on freezing process of shrimp
Title of translation:&#20914;&#20987;&#24335;&#36895;&#20923;&#35774;&#22791;&#19978;&#19979;&#36865;&#39118;&#36895;&#24230;&#23545;&#34430;&#20161;&#20923;&#32467;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Xie, Jing (1, 2, 3); Shu, Zhitao (1, 2, 3); Yang, Dazhang (1, 2, 3); Chen, Cong (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (3) College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:276-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Demanding for quick-frozen food and its quality in modern life, the requirements for food quick-freezing technology become challenging.The impingement quick-freezing equipment has drawn much attention in the most advanced quick-freezing technologies.The appropriate low-temperature flow field in the heat exchange zone of impingement quick-freezing equipment can reduce the time of food quick-freezing, while improve the quality of quick-frozen food. This paper aims to investigate the effect of air supply velocity on the freezing process of a single shrimp at the up and down within the chamber of impingement quick freezing equipment, using the numerical simulation and experimental verification. A single shrimp was selected as the research object. The main purpose of this research wasto find the air supply conditions, which can shorten the freezing time of shrimp, and achieve the optimal flow field in the heat transfer area of the equipment. Three experimental groups were divided into: 1) the air supply velocity at the upper and downsides were kept the same and changed at the same time, 2) the air supply velocity of the upside was 15 m/s, while the downside was from zero to15 m/s, and 3) the air supply velocityon the downside was 15 m/s, while that on the upside was from zero to15 m/s. The results showed that the freezing time of the shrimp shortened, but the gradient of decrease also reduced, as the increase of air supply velocity, when the air supply velocity was the same on both sides of the up and down impingement quick-freezing equipment. When the air supply velocity on the upside was 15 m/s and the air supply velocity on the downside was from zero to four m/s, the relative impact of the two impinging jets can form an eddy current on the low velocity side, to promote the flow field on the surface of shrimp, and improve the heat transfer efficiency of shrimp. When the air supply velocity of the downside exceeds 4 m/s, the relative impact of the two impinging jets can form a jet vacuum zone with down velocity on the surface of shrimp, reduced the heat transfer efficiency of shrimp. With the continuous increase of the downside air supply velocity, this adverse effect first increased and then decreased, the maximum appearedwhen the upside air supply velocity was 15 m/s and the downside air supply velocity was eight m/s, and the frozen time of shrimp was the longest, which was 909 seconds. By the same token, when the downside air supply velocity was 15 m/s and the upside air supply velocity was from zero to two m/s, the relative impact of the two impinging jets can form an eddy current on the low velocity side, improve the heat transfer efficiency of shrimp. When the air supply velocity of the upside exceeded two m/s, the relative impact of the two impinging jets can form a jet vacuum zone with down velocity on the surface of shrimp, reduced the heat transfer efficiency of shrimp. With the continuous increase of the upside air supply velocity, this adverse effect first increasedand then decreased, it had a maximum when the downside air supply velocity was 15 m/s and the upside air supply velocity was 5 m/s, and the frozen time of shrimp was the longest, which was 920 seconds. In the experimental range of impinging jet velocity, when the air supply velocity at the upside was 15 m/s and the air velocity of the downside was 2 m/s, the freezing time of shrimp was the shortest, which was 617seconds.It inferedthat the influence of the upper impinging jet on the freezing process was greater than that of the down impinging jet on the freezing process in the upper and down impingement quick-freezing equipment. Therefore, the upper impinging jet can play a leading role in the impingement quick-freezing equipment.The finding can provide an insightful reference to design the promising operating conditions for the up and down impingement quick-freezing equipment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Eddy currents - Energy efficiency - Flow fields - Freezing - Heat transfer - Heating equipment - Shellfish - Temperature - Thermal processing (foods) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental groups - Freezing process - Heat transfer area - Heat transfer efficiency - Low temperatures - Operating condition - Research object - Simulation and experimental verifications
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 822.2  Food Processing Operations
Numerical data indexing:Time 9.09e+02s, Time 9.20e+02s, Velocity 1.50e+01m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s, Velocity 5.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20202208761665
Title:Design of multi-functional solar greenhouses in high latitude areas
Title of translation:&#39640;&#32428;&#24230;&#22320;&#21306;&#22810;&#21151;&#33021;&#26085;&#20809;&#28201;&#23460;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Wang, Hongyi (1); Zu, Ge (1); Yang, Fengjun (1); Li, Deze (1); Tian, Limei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultureal University, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Fengjun(yangfengjun@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:170-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There were some design and building drawbacks of traditional solar greenhouses in high latitudes areas, such as smaller front-roof angle and poor heat storage and insulation, which decreased the indoor temperature of greenhouse and restricted vegetable growing in winter. Local planters had to supplement heat to increase vegetable yield and quality in winter, which added production cost. In addtion, because of the unreasonable spatial layout of traditional solar greenhouses and plantation planning and design, vegetable cultivation and processing links separated, and freezingdamage occurred frequently in the course of transportation, which also restricted production of greenhouse. Based on the advantages and existing problems of traditional solar greenhouse, and combined with the climatic characteristics of high latitudes, this paper put forward a new design scheme of solar greenhouse from two aspects of greenhouse structure optimization and function innovation. Using the classical greenhouse design theory, combined with the vegetable production practice, the paper optimized the designs of greenhouse from lighting angle, front-roof radian, heatinsulation, and calculated the snow load, wind load, moving and construction load and crop hanging load of the new-type solar greenhouse. Furtherly,the paper analyzed theloadcombined factor and determined key load combinations. Finally, the paper calculated the structural stability of each parameter of the greenhouse using structural analysis software Midas. According to the stability calculation results and relevantstandardsandnormsin thisindustry, the rationality of design parameters were analyzed. The maindesignparameters were that the total span is 16 m, the span of the first floor planting part is 9 m, the span of production and processing part is 7 m, the total height is 6.5 m, the main lighting angle of the front-roof is 37&deg;, and land utilization radio attains 1.7. The new-type solar greenhouse not only makes further use of solar energy, but also has good heat insulation performance. The design realizes that the greenhouse in high latitudes can grow fruits and vegetables without heating in winter. Based on the innovative use of traditional greenhouse shade part of the back wall, the new-type solar greenhouse has three-layer space from aboveground to underground, i.e. storage space, production and processing space and potting space. The design improved significantly the land utilization and realized multiple functions, such as planting, processing, storage. The new-type solar greenhouse is an innovative exploration in high latitudes, which can serve as an important role in greenhouse vegetables plantation.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Curricula - Heat storage - Lighting - Roofs - Solar energy - Solar heating - Stability - Structural dynamics - Structural optimization  - Thermal processing (foods) - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Fruits and vegetables - Greenhouse vegetables - Insulation performance - Stability calculation - Structural analysis softwares - Structural stabilities - Vegetable cultivation - Vegetable productions
Classification code:408  Structural Design - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 901.2  Education - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.60e+01m, Size 6.50e+00m, Size 7.00e+00m, Size 9.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20202208761767
Title:Pore-water form determined by using NMR method and its influence on soil permeability
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26680;&#30913;&#20849;&#25391;&#25216;&#26415;&#30340;&#23380;&#38553;&#27700;&#24418;&#24577;&#21450;&#22303;&#22756;&#28183;&#36879;&#24615;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Dong, Jungui (1); Lyu, Haibo (2, 3); Chen, Guoqiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China; (2) School of Construction Engineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou; 542899, China; (3) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin; 541004, China
Corresponding author:Lyu, Haibo(lhb@glut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:74-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drying-wetting cycle caused by rainfall and evaporation has an obvious influence on soil pore structure, particle surface, and mineral composition. It seriously affects the soil permeability and threatens the ability of soil to resist nutrient loss. This study was carried out to investigate pore-water form of soil during the wetting process and after experiencing different drying-wetting cycles. Eight soil specimens were prepared. Two of them were used to determine the critical value of the water form, three specimens were used for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests under treatment of different water content, and the other three specimens were used for NMR tests after 0-4 drying-wetting cycles. A saturation-suction method was used to obtain the critical value of relaxation time. The threshold value between adsorbed and movable water was obtained by comparing the relaxation time curves at the saturated state and the critical suction state. The results showed that the critical suction value of adsorbed and movable water was 71.12 MPa and the critical relaxation time was 1.96 ms. The pore water was adsorbed water when the relaxation time was less than 1.96 ms and it was movable water when the relaxation time was not less than 1.96 ms. When soil water content was 10%-28%, the relaxation time were mostly 0.04-10.72 ms. The relaxation time peaks moved to the right of the curves, which indicated that both forms of water (adsorbed water and the movable water) were increased with increasing water content. When the water content was lower than 19.0%, the proportions of the two forms of water were similar. When the water content was higher than 19.0%, a larger proportion of movable water was observed while the proportion of adsorbed water increased slightly. The relaxation time was mainly 0.03-38.72 ms after 0-4 drying-wetting cycles and the relaxation time curve exceeding 1.96 ms moved to the right as the cycle number increased. After four cycles, the integral area of adsorbed water had a slight fluctuation (about 8%), however, the integral area of movable water increased by about 150%. Drying-wetting cycles enlarged the space among soil particles, and the cycle number had a linear relationship with the movable water and the total water. The movable water, both in the wetting process and after multiple drying-wetting cycles, was mainly in charge of soil permeability because it could lose at a lower hydraulic gradient. The dissolution of solvable cements, the loss of micro-particles, the change of pore wall and the fissures were the factors causing the change of water forms. Based on the Coope model, a simplified model containing only the initial porosity and cycle number was established to estimate the permeability of clay soil that experienced different drying-wetting cycles. Under the condition that the drying-wetting cycles was 0-4 in clay soil, the soil permeability was proportional to the sixth power of the cycle number. The study would provide valuable information for formulating optimal water and fertility schemes in farmland.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Clay - Drying - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Pore structure - Relaxation time - Soil moisture - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Critical relaxation - Different water contents - Drying-wetting cycle - Hydraulic gradients - Linear relationships - Mineral composition - Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) - Soil water content
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.80e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+02%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Pressure 7.11e+07Pa, Time 1.96e-03s, Time 3.00e-05s to 3.87e-02s, Time 4.00e-05s to 1.07e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20202208761777
Title:Effects of climate and human activities on vegetation cover changes in Danjiangkou Water Source Areas
Title of translation:&#27668;&#20505;&#19982;&#20154;&#31867;&#27963;&#21160;&#23545;&#20025;&#27743;&#21475;&#27700;&#28304;&#21306;&#26893;&#34987;&#35206;&#30422;&#21464;&#21270;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Hai (1, 2); Huang, Yuefei (1); Zheng, Liang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan; 430062, China; (2) School of Remote Sensing and Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:97-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vegetation coverage in catchment has a direct impact on its ecological environment, and monitoring vegetation coverage change and its determinants is important to reconstruct effectively ecological engineering projects to sustain economic development without compromising ecological environment. Danjiangkou Reservoir is a waterhead at the middle route of the South-North Water Transfer Project in China, and its ecological environment has a direct impact on quality and quantity of the water in the transferring cannel. Available study on vegetation coverage change in this area is problematic, including short experiment duration and inadequate evaluation of the impact of the human activities. We address this knowledge gap in this paper using data extracted from GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI. The empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) algorithm was used to reconstruct the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2018, from which we analyzed the spatiotemporal change in the vegetation coverage and individual contribution of climate factors and human activities to the vegetation coverage changes. The results revealed that NDVI showed an oscillating increase from1982 to 2018 at an average rate of 0.002 9 /a (P<0.05). Spatially, 89.93% of the studied areas saw a first-year increase in NDVI, and 10.06% witnessed a first-year decrease. Temperature impacted on NDVI most with a correlation coefficient of 0.792 (P<0.05), followed by precipitation with a correlation coefficient of - 0.43 (P<0.05). The influence of climate factors on vegetation coverage varied spatially. In mountainous areas, vegetation growth was affected by precipitation and temperature combined, while in basins and river valleys characterized by low and flat terrain, NDVI was positively correlated with temperature and negatively with precipitation, both at significant level. Human activities impacted on vegetation coverage in two opposite ways. On the one hand, human activity in 67.74% of the studied areas had a positive effect on vegetation coverage due to engineering measures being taken to restore and improve ecological functions of these area. On the other hand, human activity in 32.26% of the studies areas had a detrimental impact on vegetation coverage due to unsustainable activities used in social-economic development. The impacts of climate and human activities on regional vegetation coverage were separated by the residual method, and the results indicated that overall contribution of the climate factors to the vegetation coverage change was 92.14%, compared to the 7.86% from the human activities. Spatially, in areas with more human activities, such as areas that had taken ecological measures or in the proximity of central city, human activities have been becoming the determinants of the NDVI change.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Catchments - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Environmental management - Reservoirs (water) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Danjiangkou reservoir - Ecological engineering - Ecological environments - Engineering measures - Normalized difference vegetation index - South-north water transfer projects - Spatio-temporal changes
Classification code:441.2  Reservoirs - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454  Environmental Engineering - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 6.77e+01%, Percentage 7.86e+00%, Percentage 8.99e+01%, Percentage 9.21e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20202208761625
Title:Design and experiment of control system for weeding alignment in rice field based on linear active disturbance rejection control
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#32447;&#24615;&#33258;&#25239;&#25200;&#30340;&#31291;&#30000;&#38500;&#33609;&#23545;&#34892;&#25511;&#21046;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Chen, Xueshen (1); Fang, Guijin (1); Ma, Xu (1); Jiang, Yu (2); Qi, Long (1); Huang, Zhujian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Modern Educational Technology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Xu(maxu1959@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:19-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rice is one of the major food crops in the world, weeds are one of the main reasons for the decrease of rice yield and quality. In traditional agriculture, the main weeding method is to use herbicides, which would not only cause environment pollution, but also cause weed resistance. At present, mechanical weeding, as a green weeding method, is a new technology, because of the possibility of seedlings injury, it is still in the development stage. In order to avoid seedlings, there is a lag between the adjustment of weeding components and the movement of fuselage. During the rectification period, the weeding components will inevitably cause damage to rice seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to realize intelligent seedling avoidance control technology by perceiving the curvature degree of rice rows, differentiating the operation path of weeding components. To reduce the seeding injury rate of mechanical weeding, on the basis of obtaining the information of rice seedling belt, a control system for weeding alignment in rice field based on linear active disturbance rejection control is designed in this paper. Row alignment technique is a method to control the deviation of weeding component on the operation path. By using the structure of inner and outer sliding beams, the weeding component can avoid seedling and control weeding in the working path through the row alignment mechanism. A hydraulic control system is proposed and simulation is carried out by combining Amesim with Matlab. The simulation platform of hydraulic control system is constructed, and the controller is designed. The simulation comparison between the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm and PID algorithm is carried out. The results of simulation show that the line alignment time of LADRC system is 0.1s less than that of PID system, and in the case of disturbance, the anti-interference of LADRC is better than PID control algorithm and has certain robustness. To verify the actual performance of the LADRC, field experiments are carried out. The results show that the traveling speed and working depth have a significant impact on the seeding injury rate, and the adjusting space has a mild impact. The optimal working parameters combination is that the traveling speed is 0.5 m/s, the adjustment space is 60 mm, the working depth is 20 mm,, and the seeding injury rate is 3.6%. As the performance comparison experiment shown, the average seeding injury rate with alignment control system is 3.9%, while the average seeding injury rate without alignment control system is 18.6%. The system can meet the requirements of mechanical weeding control, and can provide references for the precise control problems in paddy field environment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Occupational risks
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Disturbance rejection - MATLAB - Three term control systems
Uncontrolled terms:Alignment mechanism - Alignment technique - Control technologies - Environment pollution - Hydraulic control systems - Linear active disturbance rejection controls - Performance comparison - Simulation comparison
Classification code:731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1  Control Systems - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 3.90e+00%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m, Time 1.00e-01s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20202208761776
Title:Investigation and application of systematic design method for combustion chamber of diesel engine
Title of translation:&#26612;&#27833;&#26426;&#29123;&#28903;&#23460;&#30340;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;&#26041;&#27861;&#30740;&#31350;&#19982;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Lei, Jilin (1); Yu, Yue (1); Xin, Qianfan (1); Shen, Lizhong (1); Song, Guofu (2); Chen, Liqiong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Kunming Yunnei Power Group Co., Ltd, Kunming; 650200, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Qianfan(QianfanHarryXin@yahoo.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:36-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The effects of diesel engine combustion chamber design have important influences on the formation and combustion processes of the gas mixture, and greatly affect the power capability, fuel economy, and emissions of the engines. In order to make the design of the diesel engine combustion chamber more systematic and rigorous, the concept of diesel engine combustion chamber systematic design was proposed, which was elaborated from five aspects of design experience, design parameters, design criteria, factor processing methods, and response analysis methods. Nine design methods of combustion chamber were classified through combining three factor processing methods and three response analysis methods. The design method consisting of the factor sampling design method and the second type of the response analysis method was selected to illustrate its application process due to its effectiveness and convenience. A four-valve-head direct-injection diesel engine was analyzed, and a transient in-cylinder flow model was established. Under the assumption of an approximately constant compression ratio, the impacts of four different &omega;-shape combustion chamber structures on gas flow motions in cylinder were compared and analyzed. These four combustion chambers were named type A, B, C and D with shrinkage ratios of 16.4%, 6.1%, 9.8%, and 9.8%, respectively. The design evaluation criteria were gas flow velocity and turbulence kinetic energy. The results showed that the geometrical structures of the combustion chambers had little influence on the in-cylinder gas flow motions during the intake stroke and the early stage of the compression stroke, while they exhibited significant impacts during the late stage of the compression stroke. The average squish velocity and reverse squish velocity of the Type C combustion chamber, which had a conical bottom shape, was greater than that of the Type D combustion chamber having a spherical bottom by 25.2% and 26.4% respectively during the crank angle interval from 20&deg; before the top dead center (BTDC) to 20&deg; after the top dead center (ATDC). The average turbulence kinetic energy of the Type A combustion chamber with a shrinkage ratio of 16.4% was greater than that of the Type D combustion chamber with a shrinkage ratio of 9.8% by 25.4% during the crank angle interval from 20&deg; BTDC to 20&deg; ATDC. Compared to the type A and D combustion chambers that had a elliptic bottom shape and a spherical bottom shape, respectively, the type B and C combustion chambers that had a 45&deg; conical bottom shape exhibited stronger capabilities of maintaining turbulence kinetic energy and reverse squish intensity. The results in this paper can provide good guidance for the structural design and optimization of diesel engine combustion chamber.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Reverse combustion
Controlled terms:Combustion chambers - Diesel engines - Direct injection - Factor analysis - Flow of gases - Flow velocity - Fuel economy - Gas emissions - Kinetic energy - Kinetics  - Processing - Shrinkage - Structural design - Structural optimization - Turbulence
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion pro-cess - Compression stroke - Design and optimization - Diesel engine combustions - Direct injection diesel engines - Geometrical structure - Systematic design methods - Turbulence kinetic energy
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 521  Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 521.1  Fuel Combustion - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 612.2  Diesel Engines - 631  Fluid Flow - 631.1.2  Gas Dynamics - 654.2  Rocket Engines - 913.4  Manufacturing - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+00%, Percentage 9.80e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20202208742359
Title:Design and implementation of spatial differentiation-based system for identifying spatial features of well-facilitated farmland construction
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24322;&#30340;&#39640;&#26631;&#20934;&#20892;&#30000;&#24314;&#35774;&#31354;&#38388;&#29305;&#24449;&#21028;&#21035;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#23454;&#29616;
Authors:Li, Shaoshuai (1, 2); Yun, Wenju (2); Zhang, Yan (3); Yang, Jian (3); Cao, Wenjing (4); Li, Hongju (2); Chen, Yuanpeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) China University of Geosciences(Beijing), School of Land Science and Technology, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (3) Center of Engineering and Construction Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Center for Assessment and Development of Real Estate, Shenzhen; 518040, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:253-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rational construction of a well-facilitated farmland become necessary for food security and modern agriculture in China. In farmland construction, the automatic management of spatial data can benefit to accurately distinguish well-facilitated farmland from the various land types. Various discriminating ways of well-facilitated farmland are adopted due to the different influence factors of agricultural productionin in different regions, where the spatial distribution and structural features of well-facilitated farmland are quite different from place to place across the country. Most of the previous studies focus mainly on policies, benefit evaluation, preliminary planning and design in the well-facilitated farmland construction. There is still lacking on the studies of the discrimination and analysis for the regional structural features of the well-facilitated farmland. In this paper, a framework of an index system was constructed to identify the spatial distribution and structural features of the well-facilitated farmland using the law of spatial differentiation together with the related national standards and strategic planning, ranging from the scale and shape of farmlands, irrigation and drainage facilities, traffic accessibility, and farmland protection ratio. The identifying system was designed on the basis of the index framework with C#.NET and Arc Object. Subsequently, the proposed system was verified for its availability by taking a case study of a LoessPlateau and a southern mountainous region. The results were as follows: (1) In the Loess Plateau area, the standard rate of the farmland scale, farmland shape, irrigation and drainage facilities, traffic accessibility was 87.01%, 83.12%, 80.52%, 90.91% and 83.12%, respectively. The well-facilitated farmlandarea can be identified by the system was 38.33 hm² with the total discriminating precision was 94.38%. There were some farmlands that did not meet the requirements of the well-facilitated farmland, such as incomplete irrigation and drainage facilities, the irregular shapes of the fields that distributed in the branch furrow and furrow head around the farmland. (2) In the southern mountainous area, the standard rate of all spatial features was 100%. The well-facilitated farmland area that identified by the system was 30.07 hm², which was 10.34 hm² higher than that of the state-approved well-facilitated farmland. The high identified areas can be because some fields that meet the requirements of well-facilitated farmland have not been classed as the permanent basic farmland in some administrative regions. When regardless of this classification, the total discrimination precision was 100%. This index system can be used in different scenarios, such as macro monitoring and evaluation, project design and inspection of the well-facilitated farmland. This system was also applied forthe Northeast Plain, North China Plain, Loess Plateau and southern mountainous regions, while the key elements of the spatial features of well-facilitated farmland construction can be detected with a reliable discriminant resolution. When combining with the remote sensing technology, the index system can help automatic management to know the real-timespatial dataof well-facilitated farmland construction. Therefore, the developed system can be successfully applied to identify the extract well-facilitated farmland in the construction area, and then to analyzethe obtained spatial datain real time, finally to implement automatic management for well-facilitated farmland construction. Furthermore, the proposed system in this paper can offer a promising reference to the current comprehensive supervision platform, and improve the management effectiveness of well-facilitated farmland construction in modern agriculture.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Drainage - Food supply - Irrigation - Landforms - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Remote sensing - Sediments - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Design and implementations - Farmland protections - Management effectiveness - Monitoring and evaluations - Rational construction - Remote sensing technology - Spatial differentiation - Traffic accessibilities
Classification code:481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 822.3  Food Products - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 8.05e+01%, Percentage 8.31e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Percentage 9.09e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20202208758047
Title:Spatial differentiation of methods for poverty alleviation by consumption in Qinling-Daba mountain areas of China
Title of translation:&#31206;&#24052;&#23665;&#21306;&#28040;&#36153;&#25206;&#36139;&#30340;&#30410;&#36139;&#24615;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24322;
Authors:Wang, Gang (1, 2); Liao, Heping (1, 2); Hong, Huikun (1, 2); Zhu, Lin (2); Li, Tao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Southwestern University Center for Precision Poverty Alleviation and Regional Development Assessment, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Heping(liaohp@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:308-316
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Poverty reduction in Chinese rural areas is the focus of the attention of the Chinese government and academia. As an important poverty alleviation measure, poverty alleviation by consumption belonged to the category of poverty alleviation by industry. This research aimedat exploring the intrinsic mechanism of pro-poor in consumption-oriented poverty alleviation. Taken the 78 typical poor villagesin Qinba mountain area, Yunyang county, Chongqing as the sample, this paper reviewed the earlier literature of anti-poverty theories, consumption for poverty alleviation, pro-poor, etc., as well as the Chinese related policies in poverty alleviation areas. This research defined the academic definition of consumption poverty alleviation and pro-poor at first and then established a poverty alleviation index system and model for consumer poverty alleviation. Besides, this research used the least-squares method and the spatial doubly model to analyze the spatial characteristics and influential factors of the pro-poor of consumption poverty alleviation. The mechanism between the main influencing factors and the benefit of consumption-oriented poverty alleviation wasdeeply analyzed. This research also discussed about the interactive mechanism between the participation of consumer subjects in poverty alleviation process and the improvised subjects.The results showed that consumption poverty alleviation, as an important measure of targeted poverty alleviation, was of great significance to the improvement of poverty reduction in Qinba mountain area. However, the county boundaries became the blind area in the poverty alleviation through consumption, because the consumption-oriented poverty alleviation tended to falll downwith the increase of village-city spatial distance. The beneficence of consumption-oriented poverty alleviation was characterized by the spatial correlation between high-value aggregation and low-value aggregation, to be more specific, the high-value areas concentrated in the areas around the city, while the low-value areas concentrated in high mountain areas far from the city. The empirical study showed that the distance and time had a significant negative impact on the pro-poor nature of consumption poverty alleviation, while other factors such as the marketing promotion, public help, family characteristics, and market system construction hada significant positive effect on the poverty alleviation through consumption.However, the beneficial effect of information network construction on consumer poverty alleviation hadnot been fully highlighted. Consequently, the policy recommendations of this study are as follows: To consolidate the stability of poverty alleviation among the poor, the construction of traffic infrastructure, marketing, responsibility assistance, and modern agricultural market system are important. When the industrial scale is enlarged, which attracts more new business entities such as leading enterprises and e-commerce, increases marketing investment to stimulate products to be consumed, forms economies of scale and increases pro-poor by poverty alleviation through consumption, the effect of poverty reduction is significantly enhanced. In the meantime, the construction of the information networks should be further strengthened, and the leading role of network construction should be enhanced to reduce poverty through consumption.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Commerce - Information services - Investments - Landforms - Least squares approximations - Marketing
Uncontrolled terms:Information networks - Intrinsic mechanisms - Least squares methods - Network construction - Policy recommendations - Spatial characteristics - Spatial differentiation - Traffic infrastructure
Classification code:481.1  Geology - 903.4  Information Services - 911.4  Marketing - 921.6  Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20202208761784
Title:Evaluation of TRMM satellite-based rainfall data in southern Haihe River Basin and suitability for SWAT model
Title of translation:TRMM&#22312;&#28023;&#27827;&#27969;&#22495;&#21335;&#31995;&#30340;&#38477;&#27700;&#20272;&#31639;&#31934;&#24230;&#35780;&#20215;&#21450;&#20854;&#23545;SWAT&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#36866;&#29992;&#24615;
Authors:Tan, Lili (1); Huang, Feng (1); Qiao, Xuejin (1); Liu, Haipeng (1); Li, Chunqiang (2); Li, Baoguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Meteorological Research Institute of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang; 050021, China
Corresponding author:Li, Baoguo(libg@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:132-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate estimation of regional precipitation plays an important role in hydrologic process evaluation and water resources management. Southern Haihe River Basin is the region with the highest degree of water resources exploitation and utilization, however, excessive exploitation of surface water and groundwater causes a series of ecological and environmental problems, which leads to a serious threat to water security. In this study, the accuracy of 3B42V7 estimation of precipitation in Southern Haihe River Basin was evaluated on different spatial and temporal scales, and its applicability to hydrological model SWAT was verified. The daily rainfall data from 28 meteorological stations (2007-2016) and 101 rain gauges (2010-2016) were used to evaluate the accuracy on TRMM 3B42V7. Correlation coefficient, relative bias ratio, mean error and root mean square error were used to quantitatively evaluate the rainfall accuracy of 3B42V7. Moreover, determinate coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency were used to quantitatively evaluate SWAT simulation results. Two scenarios were set up to drive the SWAT model. In scenario I, the daily rainfall data (2010-2014) from rain gauges and 3B42V7 grid rainfall (2015-2016) were utilized to drive the model. In scenario II, the daily rainfall data (2010-2016) from meteorological stations were used to drive the model. The results showed 3B42V7 had strong estimation ability in monthly estimation of precipitation with the root mean square error less than 15 mm and average monthly precipitation error less than 8.5 mm. However, it was poor in daily precipitation estimation with the correlation coefficient less than 0.6. The number of rainfall stations with the relative bias ratio between -20% and 20% accounted for 81% and 79% during the summer season and growing period of maize, which indicated that 3B42V7 performed better during the wet seasons. In addition, 3B42V7 could well capture the rainfall intensity at all levels, however, zero/light rain were underestimated in four zones. In the yearly estimation, the relative bias ratio values in mountainous area of the Daqinghe watershed, plain of the Daqinghe watershed, mountainous area of the Ziyahe watershed and plain of the Ziyahe watershed were 2.64%, 9.59%, 7.72%, 20.32%, respectively. It means the overestimation in plain and mountainous areas, especially in plain areas. Moreover, 3B42V7 well captured the temporal and spatial distribution of extreme precipitation in this study area. The simulated discharges of SWAT driven by data from rain gauge and TRMM 3B42V7 were in good agreement with the observed ones. During the validation period, the determinate coefficient was between 0.56 and 0.96 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency was between -11.09 and 0.94. The TRMM 3B42V7 provides the possibility to expand the time and space scale of hydrological simulation and can provide data support for water resource management and ecological security research.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Rain gages
Controlled terms:Digital storage - Ecology - Efficiency - Errors - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Information management - Mean square error - Rain - Rivers  - Surface water resources - Water management - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Hydrological simulations - Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient - Spatial and temporal scale - Surface water and groundwaters - Temporal and spatial distribution - Water resources exploitation - Water resources management - Waterresource management
Classification code:443.2  Meteorological Instrumentation - 443.3  Precipitation - 444.1  Surface Water - 444.2  Groundwater - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 913.1  Production Engineering - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -2.00e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+00%, Percentage 7.72e+00%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Percentage 9.59e+00%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 8.50e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20202208761825
Title:Parameter optimization and test of variable fertilizer apparatus based on root distribution pattern of bananas
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#39321;&#34121;&#26681;&#31995;&#20998;&#24067;&#24418;&#24577;&#30340;&#21464;&#37327;&#25490;&#32933;&#22120;&#21442;&#25968;&#20248;&#21270;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Song, Shuaishuai (1); Duan, Jieli (1); Zou, Xiangjun (1); Yang, Zhou (1, 2); Ou, Zhiwu (1); Wang, Biao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Jiaying University, Meizhou; 514015, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zhou(yangzhou@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are a lot of blind application of chemical fertilizers in the planting of bananas, which leading to waste of fertilizers and environmental pollution. According to the distribution pattern of banana root system, a variable fertilizer apparatus was designed in this paper. Based on the image processing of banana root morphology and the statistics of the area area pixels, the distribution pattern of the banana root system in the horizontal direction was analyzed. Based on the characteristics of the root area distribution, the change of fertilization amount along with the root distribution in horizontal was normally distributed, that is, the amount of fertilizer in the main root was the largest. Based on this, a rotary plate variable fertilizer apparatus was designed. By calculating the fertilizer amount distribution discharged on the simulated ground by the simulated fertilizer discharger, it was determined that the distribution law of the fertilizer amount along the forward direction of the machine was also normally, which was the same with the banana root distribution. In order to ensure that the fertilizer discharging amount and the center position of the normal distribution of the root are consistent in space, taking the spatial consistency of the center positions of the two normal distribution as the goal, the operation process planning was carried out for the image acquisition interval time, algorithm time, motor response time, fertilizer falling time, etc., and the accompanying operation control model of the machines was established. The variable control system was used to achieve and ensure that the center positions of the two normal distributions were consistent in space. The center combination simulation test was carried out with the movement speed, the moving period of the rotating plate, the central angle of curved slot and the opening size of curved slot as independent variables, and the length of fertilizer distributing and the fertilizer discharge amount were used as test response values. The result of optimal parameter combination was that the movement speed is 0.25 m/s, moving period of the rotating plate is 10.00 s, the central angle of curved slot is 90.00&deg;, and the opening size of curved slot is 20.00 mm. The model and test errors, simulation and test errors of the length of fertilizer discharge are 4.98% and 3.30% respectively, the model and test error, simulation and test error of fertilizer discharge amount are 11.15% and 6.68%, respectively. The field test was conducted to examine the field operation effect of the fertilizer discharger, the average qualified rate of fertilizer discharging length was 96%, the average qualified rate of fertilizer discharge amount was 95.33%,the operation performance of fertilizer apparatus was good.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Errors - Fruits - Image processing - Normal distribution - Plants (botany) - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Distribution patterns - Environmental pollutions - Independent variables - Operation performance - Optimal parameter combinations - Parameter optimization - Variable control systems
Classification code:804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.1  Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+00%, Percentage 4.98e+00%, Percentage 6.68e+00%, Percentage 9.53e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m, Time 1.00e+01s, Velocity 2.50e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20202208742355
Title:Improving the heat collection performance of baffle type solar air collectors using swirl flow effect
Title of translation:&#21033;&#29992;&#26059;&#27969;&#25928;&#24212;&#24378;&#21270;&#24179;&#26495;&#22411;&#22826;&#38451;&#33021;&#31354;&#27668;&#38598;&#28909;&#22120;&#24615;&#33021;
Authors:Hu, Jianjun (1, 2); Guo, Meng (1); Zhang, Guangqiu (1); Zhang, Shiying (1); Guo, Jinyong (1); Chen, Lijuan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Intelligent Maintenance for Civil Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) Hebei Province Low-Carbon and Clean Building Heating Technology Innovation Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (3) Power Engineering, The Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 210000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:188-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As an important device for photo-thermal conversion, solar air collectors (SACs) are widely used in auxiliary heating, crop drying and wood seasoning, and regeneration of liquid or solid desiccant. The absorber plate is the core part of the solar air collectors. It is significance to enhance the convective heat transfer between absorber plate and the working medium for the performance optimization of the collector. The introduction of baffle plate into solar air collector extends the heating time, creates secondary flow continuously, strengthens the mixing of fluid, and effectively improves the thermal efficiency of solar air collector finally. However, it is found that the strong flow separation on the back side of the baffle plate would lead to the generation of local vortices. The absorber plate in the corresponding position can not effectively dissipate heat due to the existence of these vortices resulting in hot spots and serious heat loss. Some studies have shown that the swirling flow can effectively generate unstable flow and secondary flow which can strengthen the convective heat and mass transfer process. In order to improve the thermal efficiency of the baffle type solar air collector(BSAC), swirling flow is introduced into this system to enhance the heat transfer with the purpose of eliminating the vortices in the collector chamber in this paper. Axial fans are adopted to create swirling flow to destroy the vortices, strengthen the mixing of fluid and suppress the formation of hot spots which can promote the thermal performance consequently. Numerical methods are used to compare and analyze the effect of the active and passive swirling methods on the efficiency of the baffle type collector, and explore the collector internal flow and heat transfer characteristics. The experimental table is built to verify the performance of the swirling model collector. Numerical calculation is used to analyze the effects of swirling type and intensity on the performance improvement. By analyzing the flow and heat transfer characteristics, the mechanism for performance improvement of the BSAC is revealed. The results show that the improvement of active swirling flow is better than passive swirling flow. Compared with the prototype, the maximum thermal efficiency growth rate of passive swirling flow is 16.03%, and the maximum thermal efficiency growth rate of active swirling flow is 23.83%. With the increase of swirling intensity, the growth rate of thermal efficiency increases firstly then fall, meaning that there is an optimum swirling intensity for a certain scale BSAC. Furthermore, the internal flow and heat transfer characteristics of the collector are investigated. The results show that the introduction of swirling flow increases the heat transfer of the bottom and the working medium and while also increases the heat dissipation of the cover. Therefore, when swirling flow is introduced, the heat preservation capacity of the upper cover can be strengthened appropriately to achieve better thermal performance of the swirling collector. In order to verify the effect of swirling flow on collector performance in the experimental point, a comparison experiment table was built, including basic baffle type collector(control model) and an active swirling flow collector(swirling model). The experimental results show that the improvement of heat collection caused by swirling flow is sensitive to volume flow rate. Under the condition of small flow rate, the performance of the BSAC improved significantly, and the thermal efficiency growth rate is up to 13.24%. However, the improvement is not obvious under the condition of large flow rate. The experimental results also show that the closer to noon time, that is, under the condition of high sunlight intensity, the difference between the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the two models is larger, and the effect of swirling flow enhancement is more obvious. This study provides a new method for the thermal performance improvement of the baffle type solar air collector.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Collector efficiency
Controlled terms:Air - Driers (materials) - Efficiency - Flow separation - Heat convection - Heat transfer performance - Mass transfer - Mixing - Numerical methods - Secondary flow  - Swirling flow - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Compare and analyze - Convective heat and mass transfers - Convective heat transfer - Flow and heat transfer - Numerical calculation - Performance optimizations - Photo-thermal conversions - Thermal Performance
Classification code:631  Fluid Flow - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 702.3  Solar Cells - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20202208761846
Title:Development of the seedling taking and throwing device with oblique insertion and plug clipping for vegetable transplanters
Title of translation:&#34092;&#33756;&#31227;&#26685;&#26426;&#26012;&#25554;&#22841;&#38069;&#24335;&#21462;&#25237;&#33495;&#35013;&#32622;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Xie, Shouyong (1, 2); Yang, Shanghong (1); Liu, Jun (1, 2); Song, Lei (1); Xie, Qiuju (1); Duan, Tingyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Regions, Chongqing; 400715, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the vegetable planted by seedling cultivation and transplantation accounts for more than 60% of the total vegetable planting. It has the advantages of high and stable yield, climate compensation and land use efficiency improvement. However, vegetable production belongs to labor-intensive industry, the increasingly serious problem of difficult employment leads to the fact that the labor cost of vegetable production accounts for more than 50% of the total cost of vegetable production, which has become the main factor restricting its development. Therefore, it is an inevitable trend for the sustainable development of vegetable industry to study the mechanization and automation of vegetable transplantation. Taking and dropping seedlings is a very important link in vegetable transplanting. In view of the problems of automatic transplanting of vegetable seedlings in China, such as the complex and easy to fail of seedling picking and throwing device, a kind of oblique inserting plug seedling taking and throwing device is designed in this paper. The principle of picking and seeding device was analyzed, and then the location of taking point, throwing point and any point in the process of picking seedlings were selected. The projection method was used to design the device, and the structure and working parameters were determined. The length of the frame, driven rod, connecting rod, driving rod and seedling clip were 122, 196, 80, 186 and 227 mm respectively. In order to ensure that the device has a good effect of taking and throwing seedlings, the tilt angle of the seedling tray and the parameters of the seedling clamping into the hole are designed, and the movement process is analyzed. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by comparing the simulation trace curve with the actual test trace curve. According to the mathematical model of the working process of seedling taking and throwing device, kinematics analysis and simulation are carried out, and the position of seeding taking and throwing, speed and acceleration curve of the seedling clamp endpoint are obtained, the design meets the requirements of automatic transplanting. Considering the factors affecting the effect of taking and throwing seedlings, the spring stiffness coefficient, rotational speed of the active rod and the inclination angle of the seedling tray are selected as the experimental factors, and the orthogonal experiment was carried out. The results show that the best effect is obtained when the spring stiffness coefficient is 500 N/m, the speed of the active rod is 12 r/min, and the inclination angle of the seedling tray is 45&deg;. Repeated experiments were conducted with the optimum parameters, the results show that the broken rate of substrates is 3.13%, the expulsion rate of seedlings is 2.43%, the success rate of seedling taking and throwing is 94.44%, the reliability of the device is high. The design provides a reference for the study of full automatic transplanting.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Vegetables
Controlled terms:Land use - Machinery - Stiffness - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental factors - Inclination angles - Kinematics analysis - Land use efficiency - Orthogonal experiment - Structure and working parameters - Vegetable productions - Vegetable seedlings
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 912.4  Personnel - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.43e+00%, Percentage 3.13e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+01RPM, Size 1.86e-01m, Size 2.27e-01m, Surface_Tension 5.00e+02N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20202208742358
Title:Models for predicting the fatty acid contents of rice during storage in the northeast China
Title of translation:&#19996;&#21271;&#22320;&#21306;&#31291;&#35895;&#20648;&#34255;&#26399;&#38388;&#33026;&#32938;&#37240;&#21547;&#37327;&#30340;&#39044;&#27979;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Wang, Qiyang (1); Wu, Wenfu (1); Lan, Tianyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agriculture Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Wenfu(wwfzlb@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:269-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reserving grains is important to safeguard food supply and a major prerequisite in national security. Grain quality changes during the reserving storage period, and an important grain quality indictor is fatty acid content. Understanding real-time change in fatty acid content of the grains is thus significant for safe storage of grains. Taking rice storage as an example, we present and compare four models for predicting change in its fatty acid content: multiple linear regression (MLR) model, artificial neural network (ANN) model, support vector regression (SVR) model, and least square support vector regression (LSSVR) model. Comparison of the four models was based on their coefficient of determination(R²), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute relative error and root mean square error (RMSE), in reproducing the observed change of fatty acid content. A total of 201 rice storage data were collected from 35 granaries at 5 grain depots from three provinces in the northeastern China. Each data set included inception of the rice storage, initial moisture, initial fatty acid content, moisture, effective accumulated temperature, duration of the storage, grain temperature, granary temperature, time at which the measurements were taken, and fatty acid content. The correlation between the fatty acid content and other parameters was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Because of possible correlation between parameters, we reduced the number of the parameters using the principal components analysis by keeping only the key independent parameters, which were initial moisture, initial fatty acid content, effective accumulated temperature and grain temperature. These four parameters were normalized first, and we then randomly selected 80% of the data to train the models, with the remaining 20% to test the models. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the SVR and LSSVR models prior to the simulation. The model testing results showed that the coefficient of determinant, MAE, MAPE and RMSE of the LSSVR model was 0.911, 0.275 mg/100 g, 1.604% and 0.348 mg/100 g, respectively, significantly better than those of the ANN and SVR models and slightly better than that of the MLR model. A number of testing indicators revealed that the LSSVR and MLR models were most accurate while the SVR model was least accurate for predicting the fatty acid content in the rice. It can be concluded that the LSSVR and MLR models were accurate and reliable, and can be used to estimate change in fatty acid content of the rice using other easy-to-measure parameters. It has implications for estimating other quality indicators of grains in reserving storages.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fatty acids
Controlled terms:Correlation methods - Digital storage - Errors - Food storage - Food supply - Forecasting - Grain (agricultural product) - Grain elevators - Linear regression - Mean square error  - Moisture - National security - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Support vector regression
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial neural network models - Correlation between parameters - Least square support vector regressions - Multiple linear regression models - Particle swarm optimization algorithm - Pearson correlation coefficients - Principal components analysis - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:404.1  Military Engineering - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.1  Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3  Food Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20202208761641
Title:Selecting the sensitive position of maize leaves for nitrogen status diagnosis of summer maize by considering vertical nitrogen distribution in plant
Title of translation:&#32771;&#34385;&#26893;&#26666;&#27694;&#22402;&#30452;&#20998;&#24067;&#30340;&#22799;&#29577;&#31859;&#33829;&#20859;&#35786;&#26029;&#25935;&#24863;&#20301;&#28857;&#31579;&#36873;
Authors:Li, Lantao (1); Sheng, Kai (1); Yin, Huanli (1); Guo, Ya (1); Wang, Dandan (1); Wang, Yilun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yilun(wangyilunrl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:56-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapid and accurate assessment of temporal and spatial variations of crop nitrogen (N) status is important to help farmers improve site-specific N management in sustainable agriculture. However, current studies place little emphasis on crop N estimations by taking N's vertical distribution into consideration, leading to limited accuracy of the results. The main goal of this study was to quantitatively analyze the vertical distribution characteristics of N nutrition indices (leaf chlorophyll concentration, leaf N content and leaf N accumulation) and SPAD value of different leaves, and determine the sensitive leaf position for N diagnosis with a portable SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (Konica Minolta Sensing, Osaka, Japan) of summer maize. Two field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2018-2019) with three growth stages (large bell stage, silking stage and filling stage) at two sites (Wenxian county and Hebi city) in Henan province, North China. The same cultivar of summer maize, i.e., Zhengdan No. 958, was used during the two growing seasons. The detailed N fertilization treatments in the two growing seasons were as follows: (i) no N application (N0); (ii) N fertilizer application rate of 75 kg/hm², applied as urea (N75); (iii) N fertilizer application rate of 150 kg/hm² (N150); (iv) N fertilizer application rate of 225 kg/hm² (N225); and (v) N fertilizer application rate of 300 kg/hm² (N300). All the N nutritional resources were used as base fertilizer prior to sowing. The SPAD value from the 1st to 12th leaf from the top on the main stem (TL1-TL12) and different sites on the same leaf (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively; 0-100% are ratio of leaf length from each measurement point to base to the total leaf length of each leaf) of summer maize were measured at aforementioned three growth stages. Meanwhile, chemical assays of these summer maize samples (N nutrition indices) were performed in the laboratory. In total, ninety samples were used for building spectral monitoring models of N estimation. A partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was employed to quantitatively describe the relationship between the SPAD value at different leaf position and leaf sites and N indices. The prediction accuracy of the monitoring models was evaluated by comparing coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE) and relative percent deviation (RPD) between the observed and predicted N nutrition indicators values. Results showed that a vertical distribution pattern of the above N parameters existed and the pattern was bell-shaped from the upper to lower layer of the plant. The variable importance for projection (VIP) resulted from the PLS regression model were used to determine the sensitive leaves and reduce the dimensionality of the SPAD value data. The sensitive location for N nutritional diagnosis was the 60%- 80% position of the 4th fully expanded leaf (TL4) from the top of the main stem, the VIP value was above 1.40 based on the PLS model, respectively. Our results indicated that estimation of N status using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter data was most effective for the 60%- 80% region on the TL4 of summer maize leaves. The model, which considered the vertical distribution patterns of the N and the optimal leaf position and location, has demonstrated great potential to estimate the N status of the whole summer maize canopy. The results suggested that the sensitive leaves from the main stem of summer maize were satisfactory for inversion of the N vertical distribution.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Chlorophyll - Crops - Mean square error - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrition - Regression analysis - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Nitrogen distribution - Partial least-square regression - Root mean square errors - Sustainable agriculture - Temporal and spatial variation - Variable importances - Vertical distributions
Classification code:461.7  Health Care - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20202208761802
Title:Fertility property and phosphorus leaching risk threshold of calcareous soil with sludge
Title of translation:&#30707;&#28784;&#24615;&#22303;&#22756;&#28155;&#21152;&#27745;&#27877;&#21518;&#22303;&#22756;&#30340;&#32933;&#21147;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#30967;&#32032;&#28107;&#22833;&#20020;&#30028;&#20540;
Authors:Chang, Huiqing (1); Wu, Jie (1); Wang, Qizhen (1); Jiao, Changfeng (1); Zhu, Xiaohui (1); Wang, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agriculture, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Luoyang; 471000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:231-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China's urban sludge production is huge. The harmless and resource-based disposal of sludge is imminent. Agricultural use is an effective way to dispose sludge after its harmless treatment. Calcareous soil is one of the soil types widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of China. The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of sludge on nutrient status and fertility characteristics of calcareous soil by continuously adding sludge on calcareous soil and to explore the critical value of phosphorus leaching from calcareous soil by adding sludge, so as to provide support to the rational application of sludge in this kind of soil. The typical calcareous soil in the north of China was selected as the object of this study, and the added amount of composted sludge was in accordance with the sludge application amount specified in the control standard for pollutants in agricultural sludge (GB4284-2018). The five treatments of sludge addition amount were designed: 0 t/hm² (Control), 3.75 t/hm² (H1), 7.50 t/hm² (H2), 37.5 t/hm² (H3), 75.0 t/hm² (H4). The pot experiment of two years' continuous planting of winter wheat and summer maize was carried out to analyze the annual and seasonal changes of soil nutrients after adding different levels of composted sludge. The integrated fertility index was determined by Nemero index method according to the relationship between soil available phosphorus Olsen-P and soluble phosphorus CaCl<inf>2</inf>-P. The relationship between sludge addition and phosphorus leaching critical value was determined. The results showed that the pH values of calcareous soil decreased with the addition of sludge, but the content of soil organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (Olsen-P), available potassium (AK) and soil integrated fertility index (IFI) increased with the increase of sludge addition. During the experiment, the content of soil nutrient in maize season was lower than that in wheat season when the sludge addition was the same in the same production season, and the nutrient content increased with the increase of sludge application years. There was a significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant (P<0.01) positive correlation between the nutrient content and the cumulative application amount of sludge. When the amount of sludge added in each growing season was more than or equal to 37.5 t/hm², the soil nutrient contents of treatments were significantly different from those of control treatments (P<0.05). The phosphorus leaching thresholds calculated by the above method was 28.57 mg/kg in calcareous soils. At this time, the amount of sludge application in the field was 61.39 t/hm². The addition of sludge improved the nutrient and fertility status of calcareous soil, and attention should be paid to the risk of soil acidification and phosphorus leaching caused by excessive application of sludge.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Forestry - Leaching - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Sludge disposal
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Available phosphorus - Available potassiums - Harmless treatments - Phosphorus leaching - Positive correlations - Soil acidifications - Soil organic matters
Classification code:452.2  Sewage Treatment - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20202208761831
Title:Effects of maize stovers and sewage sludge co-pyrolysis on characteristics and heavy metals in biochar
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#19982;&#27745;&#27877;&#28151;&#21512;&#28909;&#35299;&#23545;&#29983;&#29289;&#30899;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#37325;&#37329;&#23646;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Cai, Jinzhong (1, 2); Li, Huojin (1); Deng, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environment and Pubilc Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen; 361024, China; (2) Xiamen Environment Monitoring Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen; 361024, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Ying(dengy@hxxy.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:239-245
Language:English
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Maize stovers were mixed with sewage sludge at different proportions (0, 25%, 50% and 75%) and treated in a pyrolysis device up to 600&#8451; via a co-pyrolysis process. Four kinds of biochars (SCB<inf>0</inf>, SCB<inf>25</inf>, SCB<inf>50</inf> and SCB<inf>75</inf>) were obtained respectively. The properties of biochars, heavy metals (Cu, Zinc, Pb, Ni, Cr, Mn and As) contents, BCR forms and TCLP leaching toxicity characteristics were studied and the potential ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of maize stover content, the biochar yield, ash content, H/C and N/C ratios were significantly reduced while the pH value and the aromatization degree of biochar were significantly increased. After co-pyrolysis with maize stovers, the morphology of heavy metals in the resultant biochar changed significantly. The residue fraction ratio of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr was significantly increased, indicating that pyrolysis might promote the transformation of heavy metals into more stable forms. All the heavy metals leached from biochars obtained by mixed pyrolysis did not exceed the limit stipulated by GB5085.3-2007 leaching toxicity identification standard and the overall potential risk index was further reduced. The ecological risk was significantly reduced from the moderate to the slight risk level and the minimum risk level reached when the addition amount of maize stover was 50%. The current study might provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization and harmless utilization of sewage sludge and maize stovers.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Heavy metals - Leaching - Sewage sludge - Toxicity
Uncontrolled terms:Ash contents - Different proportions - Ecological risks - Leaching toxicity - Minimum risks - Potential ecological risk - Potential risks - Resource utilizations
Classification code:452.2  Sewage Treatment - 461.7  Health Care - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.028
Funding details:  Number: JAT191005, Acronym: -, Sponsor: -;
Funding text:Received date&#65306;2019-03-19 Revised date&#65306;2020-02-17 Foundation items: Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201912709015); Education and Scientific Research Project of Middle and Young Teachers in Fujian Province (JAT191005) Biography: Cai Jinzhong, associate professor, mainly engaged in the treatment and detection of toxic and harmful substances in environment and food. Email:cjz@hxxy.edu.cn &#8251;Corresponding author: Deng Ying, senior engineer, mainly engaged in environmental monitoring. Email: dengy@hxxy.edu.cn

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20202208761838
Title:Enhancing the adaptation of Vicia villosa Roth to salinity-alkalinity soils improved using furfural residues
Title of translation:&#31968;&#37275;&#28195;&#25913;&#33391;&#22303;&#22756;&#22686;&#24378;&#33493;&#23376;&#23545;&#30416;&#30897;&#22303;&#30340;&#36866;&#24212;&#24615;
Authors:Zhang, Meijuan (1); Wang, Bing (1); Huang, Shengcai (1); Chen, Hongna (2); Shi, Junmei (2); Xia, Guanxueying (2); Qu, Linli (3); Cheng, Xianguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (3) College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen; 041000, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, Xianguo(chengxianguo@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:115-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Saline-alkali soil is one of the most common environmental stressful factors in the agriculture ecosystem, and severely limits plant growth and development, thus greatly reducing the use of land with salinization-alkalization. Songnen plain is one of the three typical region representing soda saline-alkali soil in the world, and remains to be developed as potential land resource because of higher contents of Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> and NaHCO<inf>3</inf> in soils. Therefore, improving saline-alkali soil is of great importance for enchancing the adaptive cultivation of plants. Furfural residue has lower pH value and contains higher organic matter, and could be largely utilized as soil conditioner because of its lower cost. To explore the effect of furfural residue on regulation of physico-chemical properties and bacterial community diversity of saline-alkali soil, we performed a preliminary experiment by planting Vicia villosa Roth in saline-alkaline soil. In this study, depending on the preliminary experiment, three treatments were designed by the addition of 0, 5% and 10% furfural residue, respectively, and pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse for 3 months to investigate the changes of soil microbial diversity and physiological metabolites in Vicia villosa Roth. The results showed that application of furfural residue effectively lowered the pH value and salt content in saline-alkali soil, and increased the Sobs and Shannon index in soils. In detail, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi become the dominant bacteria under supply of furfural residue. Compared with the treatment without addition of furfural residue, the treatment with addition of 5% furfural residue obviously reduced the ammounts of the Proteobacteria and Green Curvularia, but significantly increased the community of other bacterias. However, application of 10% furfural residue significantly increased the enrichment of Actinomycetes, Bacteroides, Bacillus and Patescibacteria in soils, and lowered the community of the other bacteria. The application of 5% furfural residue not only significantly increased the biomass and root length of Vicia villosa Roth compared with the control (P<0.05), but also increased the accumulation of chlorophyll, soluble sugar and proline in leaves of Vicia villosa Roth. Meanwhile, the application of 5% furfural residue obviously increased the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves compared with the treatment without furfural residue (p<0.05), thus promoting the adaptability of Vicia villosa Roth in saline-alkali soil. Data shows that the application of 5% furfural residue revealed the best effect in improving saline-alkali soil. This study indicates that furfural residue can effectively alleviate the damage of salt-alkali stress to the plant by improving the physico-chemical properties and increasing microbial diversity of saline-alkali soil, and significantly lower the toxicity damage of salt stress ions to the root system, thus improving the growth and development of the root system, and promoting photosynthesis and the accumulation of dry matter. This study provides a better reference for the reasonable applivation of furfural residue in improving cultivation of plants in saline-alkali soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aldehydes - Alkalinity - Bacteria - Bacteriology - Cultivation - Ecology - Enzymes - Furfural - Metabolites  - pH - Plants (botany) - Reactor cores - Sodium bicarbonate - Sodium Carbonate - Soil conditioners
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture ecosystems - Bacterial community - Growth and development - Microbial diversity - Saline -Alkaline soils - Saline-alkali soils - Soil microbial diversity - Superoxide dismutases
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20202208761795
Title:Design and test of orientation device for freshwater fishes' abdomen and back
Title of translation:&#28129;&#27700;&#40060;&#33145;&#32972;&#23450;&#21521;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#21450;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Wan, Peng (1, 2); Huang, Jun (1); Tan, Hequn (1, 2); Zhu, Ming (1, 2); Zhao, Junwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:28-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fish feeding is a key link to the pre-processing of fishes, as the recent increase in the reproductive output offreshwater fishes.At present,mechanical processingis widely used in the pre-processingof freshwater fishes. However, most fish pre-treatment equipment is lacking of the specific device to automatically position the fish body when fish feeding, rather than manually feeding. The current manual feeding is restricting the industrial development of the pre-treatment processing for freshwater fishes due to its high labor intensity and low efficiency when fish feeding. To realize the automatic feeding of freshwater, this present study aimed to design a sort of mechanical orientation device for pre-treatment processing equipment when fish feeding. A typical bulk freshwater fish, Carassius auratus,was selected as research objects. This selection is because Carassiusaur atushas approximately wedge-shape abdomen in the cross-sectional fish body, where exhibit certain mechanical characteristics when the fish's abdomen and back were squeezed at the same time. Asuitable method was then proposed for the orientation of the freshwaterfish'sabdomen and back, as well the related mechanism was analyzed.A test device was finally designed and manufactured for the orientationof the freshwater fish'sabdomen and back.The systematic experiments were carried out on the test device for the freshwater fish'sabdomen and back when fish feeding. The orientation success rate and orientation time were recoded during the test,to be used as the evaluation index of each test. The main parameters of the test device were optimized, and the optimal values were also determined to locatethe freshwater fish'sabdomen and back. The main working parameters of the test device were set as the roller shape, roller gap, fish bodytransport speed and the roller rotation rate.First, singlefactor tests were utilized to investigate the effects of these parameters on the abdomen and back orientation of the fish body. Then, an orthogonal test was performed to systematically explore the specific factors on the position operation of the fish body. The results of the orthogonal test showed that the combination among various factors in the optimal level was: the gap of the roller was 50mm, the rotation rate of the roller was 50 r/min, and the transport speed of the fishbody was 0.6 m/s.Under this optimal level combination, the orientation success rate was 100%, orientation time was 0.55 second, indicating that the working state of the test device for freshwater fishes'abdomen and back was reached the optimal state. The related results on the abdomen and back orientation of freshwater fishes can provide insightful theoretical basis and sound technical reference for the development of orientation equipment for feeding in freshwater fish processing.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Feeding - Rollers (machine components) - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic feeding - Industrial development - Mechanical characteristics - Mechanical orientation - Processing equipment - Reproductive output - Systematic experiment - Working parameters
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+01RPM, Size 5.00e-02m, Time 5.50e-01s, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20202208761630
Title:Technology for aqueous extraction of flaxseed oil with method of lower water consumption by pretreatment of acidic moisture-conditioning plus drying
Title of translation:&#37240;&#24615;&#28024;&#28070;&#24178;&#29157;&#36741;&#21161;&#20302;&#27700;&#32791;&#27700;&#20195;&#27861;&#25552;&#21462;&#20122;&#40635;&#31869;&#27833;&#24037;&#33402;
Authors:Zhang, Wenbin (1, 2, 3); Peng, Huaiyun (3); Yang, Ruijin (1, 2, 3); Hua, Xiao (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Wei (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (2) Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Wuxi; 214122, China; (3) School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aqueous extraction processing (AEP) is an environmentally friendly method to extract oil from various plants at a moderate temperature. However, the AEP alsohave several limitations. Firstly, the cream can be inevitably produced to form a sort of highly stable oil-in-water emulsiondue to the adoption of water, stirring and centrifugation during processing. The formed emulsion become difficult to break completely, resulting in a huge challenge for the AEP performance. Secondly, the water that used in AEP normally serves as an extraction medium, but the usage of excessive water can result in the formation of thick suspension, which making it hard to directly release free oil. In general, the ratio of seed to water 1:5 kg/L or even higher was mostly chosen as the optimal ratio to eliminate the thick suspension as well as stable cream. However, the substantial consumption of water increased the treatment cost of subsequent wastewater after processing. A modified aqueous extraction of flaxseed oil was investigated using a low consumptionof water under acidic wetting and drying, in order to enhance the AEP extracted yield of free flaxseed oil,while decrease the consumption of enzyme and water. The results showed that the yield of free oil was improved significantly due to the solubility effects of flaxseed protein under the pretreatment of acidic moisture-conditioning plus drying. In untreated flaxseed kernels,the free oil yield was only 18.95%&plusmn;0.91%, while 71.29%&plusmn;1.87% of the extracted oil went preferentially into the cream fraction. By contrast, the free oil yield increased to 83.27%&plusmn;0.67% with the pretreatment of acidic moisture-conditioning plus drying. There was a vast increase in the amount of protein distribution in sediment phase under the pretreatment (from 33.34%&plusmn;0.34% to 60.25%&plusmn;0.44%), while the protein distribution in aqueous phase consequently decreased from 66.74&plusmn;1.04% to 39.78%&plusmn;0.66%. Processing conditions of aqueous extraction were also optimized by single-factor experiments, and the optimal parameters were obtained as follows:the extraction temperature was 50&#8451;, pH value was 9.0, the ratio of flaxseed to water was 1:2.5 kg/L, extraction time was twohours. The recovery of free oil was achieved 82.88%&plusmn;0.30% under the optimum conditions. Due to the increase of protein content in sediment phase and low flaxseed to water ratio of 1:2.5 kg/L, a part of oil was entrapped in sediment phase, which limited the further improvement of total oil yield. The sediment phase was further extracted by the aqueous phase plus deionized water,wherethe quality of deionized water was 50% quality of raw materials. The oil that distributed in sediment phase decreased from 3.97%&plusmn;0.11% to 2.09%&plusmn;0.04%after the second extraction. Subsequently, different enzyme and freeze-thaw were used to treat the demulsification of residual emulsion.The total yield of free flaxseed oil was 93.44%&plusmn;0.29% after the residual emulsion was demulsified with papain.After detecting the characteristic value of flaxseed oil from aqueous extraction processing and pressing extraction, the experiment came to a conclusion:There were no significant differences that observed on therefractive index, iodine value, conjugated diene value and conjugated triene value. Although the peroxide value of flaxseed oil by aqueous extraction processing was slightly higher than that by pressing extraction,it still well below the maximum value of cooking oil (10 mmol/kg).These findings demonstrate that the proposed pretreatment with low water consumption under acidic moisture-conditioning plus dryingis suitable for the aqueous extraction of flaxseed oil. Therefore, this presented study can provide a promising technology for the extraction of flaxseed oil, where can increase the free oil recovery, while reduce the water consumption and the amount of enzyme.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Dairies - Deionized water - Drying - Emulsification - Emulsions - Enzymes - Flax - Moisture - Oils and fats - Oilseeds  - Sediments - Wastewater treatment - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic value - Extraction temperatures - Moderate temperature - Moisture conditioning - Optimum conditions - Processing condition - Protein distributions - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 819.1  Natural Fibers - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.1  Food Products Plants and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.50e+03kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+03kg/m3, Molality 1.00e-02mol/kg, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20202208743313
Title:Performance of outdoor natural cooling microheat pipe array air cooler for agricultural base station
Title of translation:&#20892;&#19994;&#22522;&#31449;&#23460;&#22806;&#33258;&#28982;&#20919;&#33021;&#24494;&#28909;&#31649;&#38453;&#21015;&#24335;&#31354;&#20919;&#22120;&#24615;&#33021;
Authors:Jing, Heran (1); Zhao, Yaohua (1); Quan, Zhenhua (1); Wang, Lincheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
Corresponding author:Quan, Zhenhua(quanzh@bjut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:6
Issue date:March 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:179-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The requirement of integration and heat dissipation of communication equipment and reserve battery in agricultural base station is getting higher and higher. High temperature affects the stability of server equipment operation which reduces the comprehensive performance and service life of the equipment. In order to solve this problem, air conditioners with enough redundancy need to operate continuously to ensure the normal operation of equipment. In order to maximize the use of natural cold energy to reduce the huge energy consumption of air conditioners in winter and transition season, this research proposed a new type outdoor natural cooling air cooler (NCAC),which is composed of micro heat pipe array (MHPA) with serrated fins. The serrated fins are used to increase the air convective heat transfer area, and to enhance air disturbance and heat transfer. The parallel flow tube with tiny porous channel (PFT) is used to increase the water heat transfer area and contact area to reduce the thermal resistance. Under different outdoor environment temperature,the performance of NCAC under different flow processes (downstream and countercurrent), inlet temperature, water flow rate and air flow rate were separately investigated, the heat transfer performance, temperature distribution, exergy efficiency and resistance characteristics were also analyzed. Results showed that there was little heat loss between air and water side of NCAC, the heat loss rate was under 11%. The heat transfer performance of NCAC of countercurrent process was better than that of downstream process, the maximum heat exchange rate was 7.5 kW of countercurrent process, which is increased by 16.9% than that of the downstream process. For the NCAC of countercurrent process, the temperature distribution uniformity of the micro heat pipe array was better, and the maximum vertical temperature difference in the condensation section of the heat pipe was 1.03&#8451;. The temperature difference between the evaporation section and the condensation section was 6.96&#8451;, the equivalent thermal conductivity reached to 1.72&times;10⁴ W/(m&bull;K). The pressure drop of the air side and water was at a low level, the maximum resistance of the air was 345.5 Pa, and the maximum resistance of the water was 8.92 kPa. The highest exergy efficiency researched 38.8%, the heat transfer capacity of NCAC still has large space for improvement. The average energy efficiency factor was over 17.2, the air cooler was in a better operation state. The experimental values of heat transfer factor and friction factor were obtained according to the test of NCAC with serrated fins, the average value of comprehensive evaluation index was about 0.049, which increased by 36.1% compared to the plate fin heat exchanger with plain fins. The experimental results show that with the increase of air flow, the increase of pressure drop is greater than the increase of heat transfer rate, and various factors must be considered comprehensively in the process of heat transfer enhancement. The research results can provide reference for design calculation, model simulation and practical application of air cooler used in base station.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Heat transfer performance
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Air - Air conditioning - Base stations - Capillary flow - Condensation - Cooling systems - Domestic appliances - Drops  - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Exergy - Fins (heat exchange) - Flow of water - Heat convection - Heat losses - Heat pipes - Heat resistance - Heating equipment  - Parallel flow - Pressure drop - Specific heat - Temperature distribution - Thermal conductivity - Thermal management (electronics)
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation index - Comprehensive performance - Equivalent thermal conductivities - Heat Transfer enhancement - Outdoor environment temperature - Plate-fin heat exchanger - Resistance characteristics - Vertical temperature differences
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 716.3  Radio Systems and Equipment - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 8.92e+03Pa, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 3.61e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+01%, Power 7.50e+03W, Pressure 3.46e+02Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.06.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2021 Elsevier Inc.