<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20201608479757
Title:Prediction of agricultural water consumption based on fractional grey model
Title of translation:基于分数阶灰色模型的农业用水量预测
Authors:Li, Jun (1); Song, Songbai (1); Guo, Tianli (1); Wang, Xiaojun (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Hydrology and Water Resources Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing; 210029, China; (3) Research Center for Climate Change of Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing; 210029, China
Corresponding author:Song, Songbai(ssb6533@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:82-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the shortage of water resources, serious water pollution, improper use of water and the occupation of agricultural water rights by other industries, China's agriculture will face the risk of water shortage in the future. Due to the amount of water resources in North China is relatively small compared with that in South China, coupled with extensive operating methods and the low level of agricultural irrigation technology, water resources are wasted seriously, the problem of agricultural water shortage in North China is more serious. Optimal allocation of water resources is one of the main measures to alleviate the shortage of agricultural water resources, and is an important means to achieve sustainable use of water resources. Accurate prediction of regional agricultural water consumption is the key to optimal allocation of water resources. Grey model is a method to study "poor information", "small sample" and uncertainty problems, which is widely used in economics, finance and other fields. The amount of historical data of annual agricultural water consumption is not enough, which is affected by many factors, and has concussion. Therefore, it is suitable to use grey model to predict agricultural water consumption. The oscillation characteristics of agricultural water consumption data series have a certain impact on the prediction accuracy of the model. To resolve these problems, an improved fractional grey prediction model is proposed in this paper. Based on the monotonically decreasing non-negative series which transformed from the oscillation series of the agricultural water consumption, a multi-objective optimization model was constructed according to the two objective functions of "maximum (or minimum) order" and "the best fit of historical data", which was solved by the improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) method. Agricultural water consumption in the test set for the research areas of Tongliao city (42°15’N-45°59’N, 119°14’E-123°43’E), Ordos city (37°35’24″N-40°51’40″N, 106°42’40″E-111°27’20″E) of Inner Mongolia autonomous region and Baoji city(33°35’N-35°06’N, 106°18’E-108°03’E) of Shaanxi province was predicted by the grey model (GM(1, 1)) model of fractional order reverse accumulation, the order of which was optimized according to the results of the test set fitting. The average error of the prediction was 2.23%, 1.77% and 0.31%, respectively. In order to test the performance of the model, the model proposed in this paper was compared with the traditional GM (1, 1) model, traditional autoregressive model and the combined model based on the wavelet analysis theory respectively. Among them, the average prediction error of GM(1, 1) model for the Tongliao and Baoji city is 5.55% and 1.28%, but the detection is failed for the Ordos city. The average prediction error of autoregressive model for the three research areas is 3.34%, 4.17% and 6. 49%. The average prediction error of agricultural water consumption in Ordos City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region based on the combination model of wavelet analysis theory is 2.87%. The results show that compared with GM(1, 1) model, the prediction effect of the model in this paper is better, which depends on the objective function of "the best fitting of historical data" and the objective function of "the largest (or the smallest) order" to reduce the learning degree of the model for noise, because the model in this paper transforms the oscillating data and reduces the uncertainty of the data, so compared with the autoregressive model without data processing, the model in this paper is less affected by data volatility. In this paper, the idea of fractional order "in between" is used to improve the traditional gray model with positive integer as order, which can effectively improve the accuracy of the model. At the same time, the method of reverse accumulation is used to increase the use of new data. On the whole, for the prediction of agricultural water consumption in all research areas, the model in this paper has the minimum error, strong generalization ability and certain practicability, which can provide a basis for the prediction of regional agricultural water consumption and the allocation of agricultural water resources in northern China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Data handling - Economics - Errors - Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Multiobjective optimization - System theory - Water pollution - Water supply - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural irrigation - Average prediction error - Generalization ability - Inner Mongolia autonomous regions - Multi-objective optimization models - Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm ii (NSGA II) - Optimal allocation of water resources - Oscillation characteristics
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.28e+00%, Percentage 1.77e+00%, Percentage 2.23e+00%, Percentage 2.87e+00%, Percentage 3.10e-01%, Percentage 3.34e+00%, Percentage 4.17e+00%, Percentage 4.90e+01%, Percentage 5.55e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20201608479779
Title:Application of ensemble stochastic configuration network in aquaculture water quality monitoring
Title of translation:集成随机配置网络在养殖水质监测中的应用
Authors:Li, Kang (1); Wang, Wei (1); Wang, Yipeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian; 116023, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wei(ww_wangwei@dlou.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:220-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ammonia nitrogen concentration is an important parameter to evaluate the quality of aquaculture water, and it determines the yield and benefits of intensive aquaculture production. In order to solve the problems of high cost, high consumption and difficulty in real-time and effective detection of ammonia nitrogen concentration, a method combining bagging ensemble algorithm and stochastic configuration network (SCN) which called Bagging-SCN were proposed. In this method, according to the current development of ammonia nitrogen measurement methods and random neural networks technology, SCN was chosen as the base learner due to its advantages of fast learning speed and strong ability to approach training data. The bagging ensemble method was used to integrate multiple networks, which effectively reduced the variance of the integrated model under the condition of keeping the model deviation unchanged. Specifically, the bootstrap method was used to generate multiple different training subsets for parallel training of multiple SCN models, and then different SCN models were generated by training with different subsets, and the uncollected samples in this subset were used as the verification set of each base SCN model to verify the performance of each model. Finally, the outputs of all base SCN models were averaged as the output of the final model, and the test set was used to evaluate the final model. In the modeling process of base learners, the SCN model started from a small network with little human intervention and randomly selected input weights and thresholds based on inequality constraints. It adaptively selected the value range of the random parameters according to the size of the random parameters to further ensure the universal approximation of the randomized learning model. The bagging method solved the problem that the randomization of network parameters and the uncertainty of network structure lead to the instability of measurement effect in the process of SCN modeling, and improved the measurement accuracy and stability of the model. To verify the validity of the proposed method, the experiments were mainly performed using two data sets with different backgrounds. The first experiment was based on the airfoil self-noise data set in the UCI standard database, and the frequency, angle of attack, chord length, free-stream velocity, and suction side displacement thickness was chosen as the auxiliary variables for modeling of scaled sound pressure level. The soft sensing modeling method of Bagging-SCN, SCN, random vector functional link net (RVFL) and Bagging-RVFL were carried out respectively based on the data set, for 20 consecutive times, and the output results of each model were statistically analyzed. These algorithms were verified by comparing the mean of the root mean square error (RMSE), the mean of the maximum absolute error (MAE) and the mean of the average absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the output predicted by different models, and the experimental results showed that the proposed Bagging-SCN model had a certain improvement in measurement accuracy and stability and had the best measurement performance compared with other models. The data set in the second experiment was collected by our laboratory intensive aquaculture system, and the proposed method was applied to the soft-sensing of ammonia-nitrogen concentration in intensive aquaculture. The relevant water quality parameters such as water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity which collected by sensors in the laboratory system were used as auxiliary variables for modeling of ammonia nitrogen concentration. Experiments with comparisons on the prediction effect of Bagging-SCN, SCN, Bagging-RVFL and RVFL models were carried out as the first experiment. Results indicated that the proposed algorithm had higher prediction accuracy and better generalization performance when measuring the ammonia nitrogen concentration in intensive aquaculture water. It had certain guiding significance for the monitoring of aquaculture water bodies.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Angle of attack - Aquaculture - Biochemical oxygen demand - Constraint theory - Data streams - Dissolved oxygen - Errors - Mean square error - Nitrogen - Quality control - Stochastic systems - Uncertainty analysis - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Displacement thickness - Generalization performance - Intensive aquacultures - Maximum absolute error - Root mean square errors - Universal approximation - Water quality monitoring - Water quality parameters
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20201608479759
Title:Model for monitoring tiller number of double cropping rice based on hyperspectral reflectance
Title of translation:基于高光谱的双季稻分蘖数监测模型
Authors:Cao, Zhongsheng (1); Li, Yanda (1); Ye, Chun (1); Shu, Shifu (1); Sun, Binfeng (1); Huang, Junbao (1); Wu, Luofa (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment, Nanchang; 330200, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yanda(liyanda2008@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:185-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The fast, real-time and non-destructive monitoring of double-cropping rice tiller number has important practical significance for growth diagnosis and yield prediction. Hyperspectral sensing has been proved effective to estimate the rice growth parameters, such as the chlorophyll content, leaf area index and biomass, yet few investigations pay attention to the tiller number. The objective of this study was to establish a regulation model for estimating double-cropping rice tiller number based on the hyperspectral reflectance across a wide range of growth stages (tillering stage, jointing stage, and booting stage). In the presented study, the tiller number and hyperspectral reflectance data were firstly obtained from two double-cropping rice field experiments, which encompassed variations in two years, four cultivars and five nitrogen application rates. Then the sensitive spectral indices and wavelet features were extracted from the hyperspectral reflectance data through spectral indices approach and continuous wavelet analysis, respectively. Finally, the regression models for tiller number estimation based on sensitive spectral indices and wavelet features were developed and validated using independent field experiment datasets. The results suggested that the newly developed spectral indices and sensitive wavelet features with red-edge bands performed better than the published vegetation indices and ‘three edge’ parameters. The normalized different spectral index named NDSI (ρ975, ρ714) was strongly related to the early rice tiller number. It had a determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.724 in calibration and relative root mean square error (RRMSE) of 0.151 in validation. The ratio spectral index RSI (ρ788, ρ738) strongly related to the late rice tiller number with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.792 and RRMSE of 0.142 in calibration and validation, respectively. Compared with the published vegetation indices, ‘three edge’ parameters and newly developed spectral indices, the sensitive wavelet features observed in the red-edge region with high scales (2<sup>9</sup> and 2<sup>6</sup>) performed best in the double-cropping rice tiller number estimation. The wavelet feature named db7 (s9, w735) was strongest related to the early rice tiller number. It had R<sup>2</sup> of 0.754 in calibration and RRMSE of 0.128 in validation. The wavelet feature named mexh (s6, w714) was strongest related to the late rice tiller number. It had R<sup>2</sup> of 0.837 in calibration and RRMSE of 0.112 in validation. Additionally, the sensitive spectral indices and wavelet features also could reduce the saturation effect with low noise equivalent (NE). It meant that in the condition the optical sensors equip few bands, the spectral indices NDSI (ρ975, ρ714) and RSI (ρ788, ρ738) could be used to monitor the early rice and late rice tiller number. Furthermore, the wavelet features db7 (s9, w735) and (s6, w714) could improve the accuracy for monitoring double-cropping rice tiller number based on the hyperspectral reflectance data with monitoring models of TN<inf>early</inf>=3.632×db7 (s9, w735)+7. 318 and TN<inf>late</inf>=-15.351×mexh (s6, w714)+8. 173, respectively.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Reflection
Controlled terms:Calibration - Mean square error - Regression analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration and validations - Continuous wavelet analysis - Determination coefficients - Hyperspectral reflectance - Hyperspectral sensing - Nitrogen application rates - Non-destructive monitoring - Root mean square errors
Classification code:922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20201608479819
Title:Heat transfer model for vacuum insulated thermal cooling storage temperature control and verification in cold storage incubator
Title of translation:蓄冷保温箱真空隔热蓄冷控温传热模型与验证
Authors:Lü, Enli (1); Shen, Hao (1); Liu, Yanhua (2); Li, Bin (1); Wu, Jixiang (1); Yang, Xinting (3); Guo, Jiaming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Engineering Fundamental Teaching and Training Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Jiaming(jmguo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:300-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, phase-change cold storage incubator were mostly used for short-distance transportation, which was generally no more than 48 hours, and there are few researches on the influence of parameters such as heat insulation materials, cold storage materials and convective strength on the effect of cold-storage temperature control. In order to grasp the effects of different parameters on the temperature control characteristics of cold storage insulated box, which was made by vacuum insulating plate (VIP) creatively, a vacuum insulated cold storage temperature control test platform was established. The navel orange was used as the test object. According to the heat balance theory, the mathematical model of cold storage temperature control heat transfer was established, which mainly included the thickness of the vacuum insulation board, the velocity of vehicle, the quantity of the phase change material, heat transfer rate as well as the solar radiation Test results were verified and further analyzed. The mathematical model calculation results showed that with the increase of the thickness of the vacuum insulation board, the time which controlled temperature at 0-8℃ increased. The temperature control time of the zone was 106.14 h, when the external temperature was 30℃, and the thickness of the vacuum insulation board was 25 mm, as well as the zone temperature was keep at 0-8℃. The model calculation results are consistent with the experimental results, and the average error of temperature is 2.60%. When the external average temperature was 33.5℃, the thickness of the vacuum insulation board was 20 mm, as well as the solar radiation was added, the temperature in the test platform decreased from 29.5℃ to 7.2℃ within 30 minutes, which showed that the cooling rate increased faster. The mathematical model were applied to analyze the effects of different parameters mentioned above. The results showed that the effect of different speeds on heat transfer rate was not significant. The heat transfer rate decreased with the increase of the thickness of vacuum insulation board, and the downward trend showed an exponential change. The quantity of the phase change material and the thickness of the vacuum insulation panel change exponentially under the same temperature control time. The thicker the vacuum insulation panel, the faster the temperature drop rate could be observed. The added solar radiation shortens the temperature control time by 13.79%. The research results provide a certain reference for the structural optimization design of the cold storage temperature-controlled transportation equipment and the selection and dosage of the cold storage agent.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Heat transfer
Controlled terms:Cold storage - Electron emission - Insulation - Phase change materials - Solar radiation - Structural optimization - Temperature control
Uncontrolled terms:Control characteristics - Controlled temperature - External temperature - Heat insulation materials - Storage temperatures - Structural optimization design - Transportation equipments - Vacuum insulation panel
Classification code:413 Insulating Materials - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+00%, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.82e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20201608479749
Title:Weed identification of overlapping spinach leaves based on image sub-block and reconstruction
Title of translation:基于图像分块及重构的菠菜重叠叶片与杂草识别
Authors:Miao, Ronghui (1); Yang, Hua (1); Wu, Jinlong (1); Liu, Haoyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Agricultural, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:178-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is of great significance to explore a weed identification method for overlapping leaves to realize precision pesticide spraying, and improve crop yield and reduce environmental pollution. In view of the problems of low recognition rate and invalid shape features for overlapping leaves, a method based on image sub-block and reconstruction was proposed to realize weed identification for spinach. In this paper, the experimental images were taken from the agricultural field of Shanxi agricultural university in October to November 2018, and the growth cycle of the spinach was 21-36 d. A total of 55 images with overlapping areas of spinach and weed were collected, and the image resolution was 4 608×3 456. Firstly, since the experimental images included soil and green vegetation, with the great color differences between the two, the green vegetation should be extracted from the soil background. Two ultra-green models of 2G-R-B and max(R, B, threshold 2) were selected to achieve RGB (red, green, blue) images gray-scale of spinach, which were both effective methods to distinguish green vegetation from the background. Then, the iterative threshold segmentation was selected to obtain the green vegetation foreground image, and the holes were filled with the morphology method. Aiming at the failure of shape features for overlapping leaves, fully used the local information advantages of crops and weeds and significantly improved the accuracy of weed recognition, this paper segmented the image into different sizes of sub-blocks, and extracted the features from each sub-block separately, to achieve the purpose of weed recognition. In order to enhance the robustness of image blocks, the divided blocks should be of the same size and have overlapping regions, and then we explored the optimal sub-block size acquisition method to balance the contradiction between recognition time and accuracy. After segmentation, each sub-block image was labeled manually, and the labels had three categories: the black background was labeled as 0, the spinach was labeled as 1, and the weed leaf was labeled as 2. Considering the differences of texture and color features between crops and weeds, 9-dimensional color features of H (hue), S (saturation) and V (value) components based on HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space was obtained; 59-dimensional texture features based on local binary patterns (LBP) algorithm was extracted from each sub-block; 10-dimensional vein features based on fractal box dimensions method was extracted. Thus, a total of 78-dimensional feature vectors was obtained, which can provide favorable experimental data for training and testing the recognition model. After screening, 15 images with prominent overlapping leaves were selected, and each image was expanded into 225 image blocks, so the feature vectors were 3 375×78, then the data used for recognition were 2 026×78 after removing the background image blocks. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier was constructed for classification and recognition. Cross-validation (CV) was used to evaluate the performance of the classifier, namely the sub-image blocks generated by one image were used as verification sets, and the remaining sub-image blocks were used as training sets. In order to realize the visualization of image sub-blocks, this paper reconstructed the results by image sub-block edge expansion method and voting window mechanism, since the overlap rate of the original image sub-block is 50%, the original M×M image sub-blocks with overlapping regions can be constructed into the (M+1)×(M+1) image without overlapping regions. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate of the proposed method was 83.78%, which is higher than K-Nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree, naive Bayesian model and ensemble learning algorithm of Adaboost. This study can realize weed identification with overlapping leaves, thus providing a theoretical basis for the development of intelligent lawnmower.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Adaptive boosting - Agricultural robots - Bayesian networks - Classification (of information) - Color - Crops - Decision trees - Image reconstruction - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Iterative methods - Nearest neighbor search - Support vector machines - Textures - Trees (mathematics) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural fields - Classification and recognition - Ensemble learning algorithm - Environmental pollutions - K nearest neighbor (KNN) - Local binary patterns - Training and testing - Weed identification
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.38e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20201608479737
Title:Effect of different Peptidoglycan on Clostridium perfringens spore germination and quantitative prediction
Title of translation:肽聚糖对肉制品中产气荚膜梭菌芽孢萌发率影响及预测
Authors:Zhu, Yaodi (1); Zhang, Jiaye (1); Li, Miaoyun (1); Zhao, Lijun (1); Zhao, Gaiming (1); Ma, Yangyang (1); Ren, Hongrong (1); Wang, Wentao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Miaoyun(limy7476@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:287-293
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore forming pathogenic bacterium causing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in humans and animals. The most important type that causes C. perfringens-associated food poisoning (FP) in humans is C. perfringens type A, and this illness is the third most commonly reported food-borne disease in the United States. C. perfringens spores are resistant to many environmental stresses and remain dormant in the environment for a long period of time. Once conditions are favorable, they can break their dormancy and initiate germination in response to a variety of compounds. Bacterial shape and cellular resistance to cytoplasmic turgor pressure are determined by peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer of repeated subunits of an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) peptide monomer that surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. PG can be targeted to a single germination receptor to efficiently induce C. perfringens spore germination. In this study, C. perfringens vegetative and its spore cortex peptidoglycan were used for spore germination rate (S), turbidity (OD<inf>600</inf>%) and the release rate of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA%. Among the existing spectroscopic methods, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has been proven to be one of the most powerful tools for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of constituents in food, agricultural, wood and pharmaceutical products. The S, and (OD<inf>600</inf>%) and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA% were compared the effect of different peptidoglycans on spore germination, and the time-consuming and laborious shortage of spore germination rate detection, a study based on NIR combined with chemometric methods to quantitatively predict spore germination rates under different PG concentration conditions. Three preprocessed method, including MSC, SNV and centralization, were used to preprocess the original spectral. The optimal preprocessing method is SNV, and then using principal component analysis (PCA) and GA-joint interval Partial least squares (GA-siPLS) for spectral data dimensionality reduction and feature variable screening, and finally using GA-siPLS was used to rapidly predict spore S, OD<inf>600</inf>%, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA% in different concentrations of PG. The results showed that C. perfringens PG could effectively induce spore germination, and the best effect was induced by 10<sup>-1</sup> mg/mL. The results of were showed that the S was 95.28%, the OD<inf>600</inf>% was 29.41%, and the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA release rate was 58%, while the spore PG effect was not obvious. Using GA-siPLS to screen for spore germination characteristic variables, the optimal feature intervals for S, OD<inf>600</inf>%, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA% were[3, 9, 11, 14], [1, 7, 12, 15], and [7, 8, 12, 17], respectively. For the S, the correlation coefficients R of the calibration set and prediction set are 0.892 4 and 0.872 6, respectively, and the root mean square error are 0.711 and 0.769 respectively. For the OD<inf>600</inf>%, the R are 0.896 3 and 0.861 1, respectively. The root mean square error are 0.189% and 0.218% respectively. For Ca<sup>2+</sup>-DPA%, the R of the most training set and prediction set are 0.9037 and 0.884 1, respectively, and the root mean square error is 39. 53% and 42. 34%. The results show that the NIR combined with chemometric methods can quickly predict the spore germination rate of C. perfringens. This study can rapidly predict the spore germination rate, which can provide an effective means to ensure the safety of meat products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cell membranes - Cell proliferation - Chromatography - Clostridium - Diagnosis - Dimensionality reduction - Errors - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Near infrared spectroscopy - Principal component analysis - Spectroscopic analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Clostridium perfringens - Correlation coefficient - Interval partial least squares - Pharmaceutical products - Pre-processing method - Qualitative and quantitative analysis - Quantitative prediction - Root mean square errors
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801 Chemistry - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.89e-01%, Percentage 2.18e-01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Percentage 9.53e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20201608479785
Title:Effect of aroma enhancement for dry white wine by selected non-Saccharomyces extracellular enzymes
Title of translation:优选非酿酒酵母胞外酶增香酿造干白葡萄酒效果
Authors:Yin, Jian (1); Tao, Yongsheng (1, 2); Sun, Weixuan (1); Chen, Siyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Viti-viniculture, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Tao, Yongsheng(taoyongsheng@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:278-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aroma compounds are mainly produced during brewing, which is involved various yeast flavor enzymes. The potential application of yeast flavoring enzyme in brewing was evaluated through the study on the aroma enhancement of dry white wine treated by extracellular enzymes from two non-saccharomyces strains. Ecolly grape is a kind of white variety with weak flavor. It was used as wine making material in experiment, and the grape juice was fermented by commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. After 12 hours, the extracellular enzymes from selected Pichia fermentans (PF) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (RM) strains were added (10 mU/mL), as well as the commercial almond β-glucosidase (AG). The pure fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae without enzyme treatment was used as the control. During the fermentation, the juice was sampled every 24 h to detect sugar content and aroma compounds. Volatile compounds were extracted by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and then were desorbed and detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Grape juice alcohol fermentation was completed when the residue sugar was less than 2 g/L, and the clear wine was racked to a clean bottle and stored at low temperature. In April of the next year, wine aroma compounds of wine were identified and quantified by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and aroma characteristics were analyzed and quantified by well-trained panelists. Results showed that six flavor enzyme activities were detected in both PF and RM extracellular enzymes. The activities of β-D-glucosidase, α-L-rhamosidase, and β-D-xylosidase in RM enzymes were significantly higher than those in PF enzymes (P < 0.05), while the activities of α-L-arabinosidase and esterases in PF enzymes were significantly higher than those in RM enzymes (P < 0.05). In general, both the treatments of PF and RM extracellular enzymes improved the contents of varietal and fermentative volatiles during fermentation significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with AG treatment, the concentration of terpenes and phenylethyls increased by 41.7% and 31.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the production of most fermentative volatiles was promoted by PF enzymes, particularly fatty acid ethyl esters. The content of fatty acids ethyl esters in PF treatment was almost twice as much as that in the control. It is worth to be noted that the effect of aroma enhancement for dry white wine was different between PF and RM enzymes treatments according to sensory analysis results. Two kinds of extracellular enzymes of non-Saccharomyces showed their respective advantages in aroma improvement. RM enzymes enhanced temperate sour fruits aroma type, while citrus attribute was strengthened by PF enzymes. In summary, the treatment of two sample non-Sacchromyces extracellular enzymes had the clear aroma enhancement effect for dry white wine. The selected PF and RM extracellular enzymes had different flavor enzymes profiles, then their enzymes treatments during wine alcohol fermentation would bring out different improvements of varietal and fermentative aroma compounds. This results led to the different effects of aroma enhancement for dry white wine. This work would give the theoretical and practical guidance to the wine making for aroma enhancement by yeast flavor enzymes.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Enzymes
Controlled terms:Bottles - Brewing - Citrus fruits - Drug products - Esters - Fermentation - Flavor compounds - Fruit juices - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Odors - Sensory analysis - Temperature - Volatile fatty acids - Volatile organic compounds - Wine - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Alcohol fermentation - Enhancement effects - Extracellular enzymes - Fatty acid ethyl ester - Headspace solid phase microextraction - Practical guidance - Rhodotorula mucilaginosa - Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 3.18e+01%, Percentage 4.17e+01%, Time 4.32e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20201608479738
Title:Effects of nitrogen application level and sand mulching on <sup>15</sup>N-urea absorption, allocation and utilization of apple trees
Title of translation:供氮水平与地面覆沙对苹果幼树<sup>15</sup>N-尿素吸收分配及利用的影响
Authors:Ren, Jing (1); Liu, Xiaoyong (1); Han, Fujun (1); Li, Jianming (2); Peng, Hai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Fruit and Floriculture of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Fruit Tree Institute of Jingning County, 743400, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xiaoyong(liuxy6607@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:135-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the effect of groundcover management and nitrogen application level on <sup>15</sup>N-urea absorption, allocation and utilization of apple trees in Loess Plateau, and establish scientific basis for realizing reasonable nitrogen application, enhance utilization of nitrogen in semi-arid area, this research conducted a series of field experiments at apple breeding base in Jingning County, Gausu Province. Three-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees were used as materials. A split plot design was applied for this experiment, the main factors included conventional tillage (CK) and sand mulching (SM), and the sub-factors with two different nitrogen application levels of 5g <sup>15</sup>N-urea (N1) and 5g <sup>15</sup>N-urea+75.5g urea (N2). Using <sup>15</sup>N isotope tracing technique, the <sup>15</sup>N abundance and total nitrogen of different plant organs were tested during June (fruit enlargement), August (new shoot stop growing), and October (before defoliation). The results indicated that groundcover management and nitrogen application levels improved the aboveground and underground biomass of apple trees to different extents, and nitrogen application was beneficial to the accumulation of aboveground and underground biomass under sand mulching condition in the late growth stage of apple tree. Groundcover management could enhance biomass accumulation of apple tree. Higher nitrogen application level (CKN2) could effectively increase the dry weight of root under conventional tillage, but the root growth rate of SMN1 was very rapidly before defoliation, and there was no significant difference between SMN1 and CKN2 (P>0.05). The Ndff (percentage of nitrogen content of every organisms come from fertilizer nitrogen) of fruit, shoot, perennial branch, central trunk and coarse root were significantly affected by groundcover management and nitrogen application levels (P<0.05), and the effect of their interactions significantly affected the Ndff of leaf, fruit, perennial branch, and fine root (P<0.05). The accumulation effect of two factors interaction on Ndff of fruit was greater than perennial branch. In June and August, the Ndff of perennial branch and fine root which was the highest under sand mulching (SMN1), and there were 2.26%, 3.21% and 3.67%, 5.89%, respectively. The effect of two factors and their interactions extremely significantly affected the <sup>15</sup>N allocation rate of fruit (P<0.01), and partially behaved significant (P<0.05) or extremely significant effects (P<0.01) on other organs. The storage organ was the largest <sup>15</sup>N utilization organ of apple tree, followed by vegetative organ and reproductive organ. During the whole growth stage, the utilization rate of <sup>15</sup>N was 3. 38%-38. 00%, which showed that sand mulching was greater than conventional tillage in groundcover management, and except October, high nitrogen application level was greater than low nitrogen level. Groundcover management significantly increased <sup>15</sup>N the utilization rate of apple trees (P<0.05). However, the effect of increasing nitrogen application level on <sup>5</sup>N the utilization rate was not significant in most cases (P>0.05). After comprehensive analysis, the low nitrogen application level (N1) and effective groundcover management (SM) under the experimental conditions which could not only promote the accumulation of shoot and total biomass of young trees, but also improve the efficiency of nitrogen utilization, thus optimizing the input of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural ecosystems.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Biomass - Ecosystems - Forestry - Fruits - Growth rate - Metabolism - Sand - Urea
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulation effects - Agricultural ecosystems - Biomass accumulation - Comprehensive analysis - Conventional tillage - Experimental conditions - Nitrogen utilization - Reproductive organs
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 2.26e+00%, Percentage 3.21e+00%, Percentage 3.67e+00%, Percentage 5.89e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20201608479788
Title:Optimal allocation of agricultural water resources in Yanghe River Basin based on water demand characteristics of agricultural and animal husbandry
Title of translation:基于农牧业需水特性的洋河流域农业水资源优化配置
Authors:He, Li (1); Du, Yu (2); Zhang, Zhaolong (2); Zhang, Sijun (2); Wu, Shuang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen; 518060, China; (2) School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan; 430068, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:72-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the growth of population and the rapid development of social economy, the shortage of water resources and the pollution of water environment in Yanghe River Basin have become increasingly prominent, which leads to the water quality in the assessment section of Yanghe River Basin is difficult to meet the water quality standard. In order to achieve the efficient utilization of water resources and environmental protection, combining with the characteristics of economic development and water resources utilization, an optimal allocation model of agricultural water resources was established with the water quality constraints for Yanghe River Basin. Therefore, under the premise of the water quality of assessment section, the monthly water allocation of different crops and livestock, as well as the crop planting area and the livestock number were optimized to maximize agricultural economic benefit. The paper proposed a method to control water quality by supplying water and reducing pullution simultaneously. Moreover, based on the water water requirement of agriculture and animal husbandry, this paper introduced a method to avoid unbalanced water supply problems and reduce the dimension to improve the solution efficiency. The optimization results showed that the assessment section of the Bridge 8 could be adjusted to meet the water quality standard by increasing the planting area of the vegetables and the tubers with higher benefit, as well as the large livestock number, and decreasing the planting area of oilseeds with severer emission, as well as the small livestock number. Comparing with the actual values in 2014, the agricultural water allocation decreased by 3.38%, and the economic benefit increased by 11.96%. Therefore, the model was verified effectively. Furthermore, the paper analyzed the optimization allocation schemes under different conditions of the low, median and high flow years in 2020. The results showed that, the more water quantity available, the more agricultural water allocation and river recharge correspondingly. In this condition, water allocation of most water users and subzones were also increased, of which Huailai and Xuanhua had larger increments. Besides, the water allocation of crops was larger than that of livestock, and the grains and fruits had larger increments. The increase rate of water users was relative to planting area, while the increase rate of subzones was relative to the crop type and planting area, and water allocation was the comprehensive tradeoff among available water for agriculture, pollution emissions and economic benefits. The proposed model is of great significance for ensuring water quality safety and sustainable development of regional economy in Yanghe River Basin, and has a certain reference value for optimizing allocation of water resources considering water quantity and quality.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Animals - Crops - Economic and social effects - Economics - Environmental protection - Population statistics - Regional planning - Rivers - Runoff - Sustainable development - Water quality - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural water allocations - Optimal allocation models - Optimization allocations - Pollution emissions - Quality constraints - Water quality standard - Water resources utilizations - Water supply problems
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 445.2 Water Analysis - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20201608479809
Title:Preparation of instant yak bone powder by using instant catapult steam explosion and its physicochemical properties
Title of translation:瞬时弹射式蒸汽爆破法制备速溶牦牛骨粉及其理化特性
Authors:Qin, Xiaojie (1); Shen, Qingshan (1); Zhang, Chunhui (1); Zhang, Hongru (1); Jia, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chunhui(dr_zch@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:307-315
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem of insolubility of bone powder and improve preparation process, the instant yak bone powder was prepared by liquefying yak bone with instant catapult steam explosion (ICSE), and the elemental nutrients and physicochemical properties of which were also analyzed comparing with the bone powder prepared by traditional ball-milling method.Firstly, according to the liquefaction rates of yak bone and the yields of bone powder under different pressures and maintaining times, the best ICSE condition was selected. The yields were calculated based on dry material after sieving and spray drying. Then, the physicochemical properties including the chemical structure, particle size distribution, micro-morphology, instant solubility, sedimentation, protein solubility and calcium release of yak bone powder were analyzed and compared.The results showed that the highest yield of yak bone powder was 46.16% prepared by ICSE technology under 1.5 MPa for 30 min. Therefore, the instant powder was prepared by this condition, and its nutritional components and physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. By analyzing the molecular weight distribution of peptides in liquefaction under 1.5 MPa for 30 min, it was found that bone collagen was broken into peptides with different molecular weights, and the peptides with molecular weight less than 0.5 kDa accounted for 26.14%.Also, we found that the bone microstructure treated by ICSE was looser and more porous observed by scanning electron microscope. Compared with the ball-milling yak one powder, the chemical structure of ICSE yak bone powder had no obvious change since the peak positions of Fourier infrared spectroscopy were similar. The median particle size of ICSE yak bone powder was 5.61 μm, which was significantly smaller (P <0.05) than that of ball-milling yak bone powder, and the particle size distribution was more uniform because of the regular normal distribution while the median particle size of ball-milling yak bone powder was 19.68 μm with a skewed distribution. Through the determination of basic ingredients of yak bone powder, it was found that both protein and fat contents of yak bone powder prepared by ICSE were significantly (P <0.05) higher than that of ball-milling yak bone powder while ash was less. Meanwhile, the contents of main minerals such as P, Ca, Mg, K, Zn decreased significantly (P <0.05) in ICSE yak bone powder while that of Na increased significantly. Additionally, the ICSE yak bone powder had better solubility and stability than ball-milling yak bone powder. It is soluble in water at room temperature, and no obvious precipitation occurs within 10 minutes. Comparatively, it gradually became clear and transparent with the extension of time for ball-milling yak bone powder. Besides, the protein solubility of ICSE yak bone powder increased significantly (P <0.01), which were 97.17%, 95.29%, 82.07% at 37℃, 60℃, 100℃ while the ball-milling yak bone powder were 4.07%, 6.47%, 10.17%, respectively. In addition, the calcium release of ICSE yak bone powder could reach 67.42 mg/g while that of ball-milling yak bone powder was only 14.25 mg/g. The ICSE method for preparing instant yak bone powder can shorten the preparation time and improve the product quality. Therefore, ICSE technology can be used as a new and efficient method to improve the value of bone byproducts.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Ball milling
Controlled terms:Calcium - Chemical analysis - Infrared spectroscopy - Light transmission - Liquefaction - Milling (machining) - Molecular weight distribution - Morphology - Normal distribution - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Peptides - Physicochemical properties - Scanning electron microscopy - Size distribution - Solubility - Structure (composition)
Uncontrolled terms:Bone microstructure - Different pressures - Median particle size - Micromorphologies - Physicochemical characteristics - Preparation process - Protein solubility - Skewed distribution
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 549.2 Alkaline Earth Metals - 604.2 Machining Operations - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 2.61e+01%, Percentage 4.07e+00%, Percentage 4.62e+01%, Percentage 6.47e+00%, Percentage 8.21e+01%, Percentage 9.53e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Pressure 1.50e+06Pa, Size 1.97e-05m, Size 5.61e-06m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20201608479826
Title:Navigation line extraction method for combine harvester under low contrast conditions
Title of translation:低对比度条件下联合收割机导航线提取方法
Authors:Zeng, Hongwei (1); Lei, Junbo (1); Tao, Jianfeng (1); Zhang, Wei (1); Liu, Chengliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Corresponding author:Tao, Jianfeng(jftao@sjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:18-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In grain harvesting, the combine harvester’s header need to guide along the harvest boundary in time to ensure the harvester is working in full widt, which requires the operator has high operational skills. In addition, with the long-time operation the driver is prone to fatigue, which brings safety hazards to agricultural production. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the automatic navigation technology of combine harvester to reduce the labor intensity of drivers and improve production efficiency. The key of automatic navigation is the extraction of navigation line. Due to richer environmental information, wider detection range and more complete information, visual-based navigation methods have attracted extensive attention. However, the contrast between cut and uncut areas of mature wheat in the image is extremely low under strong illumination, which leads that the harvest boundary of crop is quite blurred. To solve the problem that the cut edge is difficult to extract under low contrast conditions, a fast and accurate navigation line extraction method of combine harvester based on region growing algorithm is presented in this paper. Firstly, the color images of harvesting scene collected by camera was converted into the gray scale image, and the Gaussian filtering was applied to remove the image noise. Then, the region growing algorithm was used to segment the image. Initial seed was selected based on some criteria and then the uncut wheat area was segmented by region growing process. The gray value of each 4-neighboring pixel was compared with the mean gray value of the seed region, if their difference was smaller than the threshold the corresponding pixel was added to the seed region. This procedure was repeated until no pixel could be grouped in the region. To improve the robustness of the region growing algorithm, an adaptive threshold selection method based on gray histogram was proposed. The multi-peak Gaussian fitting of the gray histogram was performed and half of the absolute value of the difference between mean values of the two Gaussian components was taken as the threshold of region growing, then the segmented binary image was processed by the morphological operations to fill the small holes in the segmented region which made the harvest boundary of wheat smoother. Finally, the harvest boundary of crop was detected and the harvester navigation line was acquired by fitting the harvest boundary with the least squares method. The experimental results showed that even though the contrast of cut and uncut wheat areas was extremely low, the proposed method could accurately detect the wheat harvest boundary and extract the harvester navigation line. Under different operating conditions such as different light intensity and different crop growth density, the average angle error between the navigation line extracted by the proposed method and the manually calibrated navigation line was less than 1.21 °, processing a 900×1 200 pixels image took about 0.41 s, which basically meets the real-time requirements of the combine harvester navigation. The results can provide a reference for the automatic navigation of the combine harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Binary images - Crops - Extraction - Gaussian distribution - Graphic methods - Harvesters - Harvesting - Image segmentation - Least squares approximations - Mathematical morphology - Navigation - Pixels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Different operating conditions - Environmental information - Least squares methods - Morphological operations - Production efficiency - Real time requirement - Region growing algorithm
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Time 4.10e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20201608479835
Title:Establishment of data management standard system for agricultural scientific research and experiment station
Title of translation:农业科研试验基地数据管理标准体系构建
Authors:Chen, Li (1, 2); Wang, Qixian (3); Liu, Juan (1, 2); Cui, Yunpeng (1, 2); Wang, Mo (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Big Agri-data, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Bureau of Achievement Transformation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Juan(liujuan@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:193-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Agricultural science data is an important strategic resource. As first-hand scientific research data producers, agricultural scientific research and experiment station gathers massive scientific research data of different types which are in a loosely managed state. So, the establishment of its data management standard system is not only a basis for standardized data management but also an important part of standardized data management work. And it is of great significance for improving data reusability and fully developing data value. In this research, by investigating the data characteristics and the whole life cycle management process of the agricultural scientific research and experiment station in China, we found that the data had four characteristics: 1) multi-source and isomerism; 2) Small data centralized management, big data decentralized management; 3) short time duration and poor continuity of data; 4) low data standardization and insufficient data sharing. And based on the problem of "small data centralized management, big data decentralized management", we explored the workflow for routine data management in agricultural scientific research and experiment station, then designed a unified workflow. Under the fragmented data management workflow, it was usually a lack of professional and unified standard system in agricultural scientific research and experiment station, so the data sharing and reusability rate were very low, and the data value was hard to realize. But, based on a unified data management standard system, there were the specialized person responsible for data management and sharing and provided services for users, which effectively guaranteed the data quality, greatly improved the probability of the users to discover the data, and reduced the workload of the data owners to manage the data. Additionally, based on the "Hall three-dimensional structure", we constructed the standard system framework for data management of agricultural scientific research and experiment station from three dimensions: standard application data management stage, standard features, and standard professional field. From the dimension of standard application data management stage, the data management standard system should focus on the life-cycle management process such as data collection, data processing, data archiving, data storage and sharing, and each data management stage should have corresponding standards as the basis and guidance. From the dimension of the standard features, the data management standard system should include technical standards, work standards, and management standards. And different types of standards complemented each other to ensure the orderly implementation of data management. From the dimension of the standard professional field, guidance standard was the foundation, data standard was the core and management standard was the guarantee. Based on the previous research and two rounds of expert review and discussion, the data management standard system table of agricultural scientific research and experiment station was compiled. It contained 20 standards covering the whole life cycle of data management of data. Among them, 12 standards were mandatory construction standards for the first construction phase. This table could be used to guide the construction of a personalized standard system for different agricultural scientific research and experiment stations, to achieve the maximum standardization effect with minimum resource input. This standard system was the basis of standardized data management of agricultural scientific research and experiment station and was of great significance to promote the construction of agricultural scientific research and experiment station. However, there is still a big challenge: how to get through the data collection channels to centralize the data (especially the long tail data) from different data producers? A complete collaboration mechanism is also needed.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Information management
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Big data - Data acquisition - Data Sharing - Digital storage - Life cycle - Professional aspects - Reusability - Standardization - Stereochemistry
Uncontrolled terms:Centralized management - Collaboration mechanisms - Construction standards - Data management workflow - Decentralized management - Scientific research datum - Three-dimensional structure - Whole-life cycle managements
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 801 Chemistry - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.1 Engineering Professional Aspects - 902.2 Codes and Standards
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20201608479780
Title:Effects of reclaimed water irrigation levels on soil salinity and composition of soil bacteria community
Title of translation:再生水灌溉水平对土壤盐分累积与细菌群落组成的影响
Authors:Han, Yang (1, 2, 3); Qiao, Dongmei (1, 2, 3); Qi, Xuebin (1, 2, 3); Li, Ping (1, 2, 3); Guo, Wei (1, 2, 3); Cui, Bingjian (1, 2, 3); Lu, Hongfei (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yulong (1, 2, 3); Bai, Fangfang (1, 2, 3); Pang, Ying (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453000, China; (2) Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453000, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453000, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Xuebin(qxb6301@sina.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:106-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reasonable reuse of reclaimed water is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between supply and demand of fresh water resources and reduce the risk of ecological environment pollution caused by waste sewage discharge. This stud aimed to reveal the effect of different irrigation levels of reclaimed water on soil salinity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and bacteria community structure. The reclaimed water was collected from a sewage treatment plant. The designed irrigation water sources included reclaimed water and tap water. For each water source, 2 levels of irrigation were designed: full irrigation (90% of field water holding capacity) and deficit irrigation (70% of full irrigation). The soil column experiment was carried out from August 1, 2017 to May 28, 2018. The irrigation amount of full irrigation was 9.70 L per time, and that of deficit irrigation was 6.80 L per time. Water was irrigated every 20 d, and 15 times of irrigation were accumulated in the whole experiment period. Soil sample at 0-60 cm layer was collected after experiment which lasted for 300 days for determination of electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and bacterial community structure. Soil bacteria diversity index was calculated. The results showed that: 1) Compared with tap water, reclaimed water irrigation significantly increased 0-60 cm soil salinity, total phosphorus content and 0-30 cm soil total nitrogen content, soil bacteria diversity and operational taxonomic units (OUT) were reduced under reclaimed water irrigation. Compared with deficit irrigation of reclaimed water, full irrigation of reclaimed water increased salinity in deep soil, the bacteria diversity and species number in deep soil were reduced under full irrigation of reclaimed water. 2) The soil bacteria under different treatments were mainly actinobacteria and proteobacteria. At deficit irrigation level, compared with tap water, the proportion of soil actinobacteria, chloroflexi, acidobacteria and firmicutes were increased but the proportion of soil proteobacteria were reduced under reclaimed water irrigation. Under full irrigation level, compared with tap water, the proportion of soil actinobacteria and nitrospirae were increased but the proportion of soil proteobacteria, chloroflexi, firmicutes and acidobacteria were reduced under reclaimed water irrigation. Regardless of irrigation levels, the irrigation with reclaimed water promoted soil actinobacteria and inhibited proteobacteria. Compared with deficit irrigation of reclaimed water, full irrigation of reclaimed water promoted soil actinobacteria and proteobacteria, and inhibited soil chloroflexi, acidobacteria and firmicutes bacteria. The high irrigation level of reclaimed water would favor the growth of dominant microorganisms in soil. 3) Membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria metabolic pathways in all the treatments. Reclaimed water irrigation with high level greatly promoted the bacteria membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism of surface soil. Therefore, reclaimed water with high irrigation level would promote the cycle of material and energy in soil, and actively mediate the process of soil bacteria metabolism and reproduction.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Bacteria - Carbohydrates - Cell proliferation - Economics - Irrigation - Metabolism - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Reclamation - Sewage treatment plants - Soils - Water - Water conservation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Bacteria community structures - Bacterial community structure - Carbohydrate metabolism - Ecological environments - Electrical conductivity - Operational taxonomic units - Soil-column experiment - Water holding capacity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 453 Water Pollution - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-01yr, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Volume 6.80e-03m3, Volume 9.70e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20201608479813
Title:Spatiotemporal pattern of coupling coordination degree between land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency in China
Title of translation:中国土地集约利用与区域生态效率耦合协调度时空格局
Authors:Zhu, Qingying (1); Chen, Yinrong (1); Hu, Weiyan (1); Mei, Yun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Public Administration, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yinrong(chyinrong@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:234-243
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There is a complex interaction mechanism between land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency, and research on their coupling coordination is of great significance to promote urban sustainable development and construction of ecological civilization. Based on the definition of land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency, this paper established an evaluation index system to measure land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency respectively. Firstly, the entropy weight method and the non-expected output super-efficient SBM model were employed to evaluate and measure the land intensive use degree and regional ecological efficiency of 284 prefecture-level cities from 2004 to 2016 in China respectively. Secondly, the coupling coordination degree model was adopted to evaluate their coordination degree, and the paper analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of coupling coordination degree. The spatial auto-correlation method was employed to measure the spatial correlation pattern of the coupling coordination degree between intensive land use and regional ecological efficiency. The results showed that the coordination of land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency of prefecture-level city was in a mild imbalance stage at present in the whole, and the coupling coordination degree between the two increased over the time. The spatial distribution of the coordination between land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency showed a pattern of "higher in the mid and east, lower in the west"; and the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree between the two had little transformation over the time. The global spatial auto-correlation results showed that there was a significant positive correlation of the coupling coordination degree between land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency, and the correlation degree between the two increased first and then weakened over the time. The results of local spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that there were four types of the coordination spatial association between land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency, these were the spatial positive correlation type including high-high aggregation (HH) and low-low aggregation (LL) and the spatial negative correlation type including high-low aggregation (HL) and low-high aggregation (LH). The results showed that spatial positive correlation type of HH and LH were mainly distributed in the east, and the spatial negative correlation type of HL and LL were mainly distributed in the middle region, the types of HH, LH and LL emerged as the shape of cluster and always had a powerful agglomeration, and the LH type distributed discretely; except for the HL type, the overall pattern of the spatial distribution of the other types were stable over the time relatively and only the number increased or decreased partially. The major findings derived from the study can be summarized as follows: it is necessary to implement scientific environmental economic and environmental technology policies, strengthen differentiated monitoring and management of cities, carry out district management and control rationally and promote technical and innovation cooperation between cities. Only in this way, can we enhance the coordination of land intensive use and regional ecological efficiency, then promote the sustainable development of the cities.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Spatial variables measurement
Controlled terms:Coordination reactions - Correlation methods - Ecology - Efficiency - Environmental technology - Land use - Planning - Spatial distribution - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Autocorrelation analysis - Autocorrelation methods - Environmental economics - Evaluation index system - Monitoring and management - Spatial-temporal evolution - Spatiotemporal patterns - Urban sustainable development
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20201608479781
Title:Design and test of airflow layered fertilizer system for rice direct seeder
Title of translation:水稻直播机气流式分层施肥系统设计与试验
Authors:Zeng, Shan (1, 2); Zheng, Zhenhui (1, 2); Yang, Zhou (2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Tan, Yipeng (1, 2); Mo, Zewen (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, a novel technique of rice layered fertilizer is proposed to solve the clogging of fertilizer pipe and relieve the high labor intensity in different growth stages of rice. According to the requirements of rice growth agronomy and the characteristics of root distribution, the fertilizer needed for the whole growing period was applied into the soil in layers at one time. To provide nutrients for the growth of the rice seedlings, the depth of the shallow fertilization is 30 to 40 mm, and the distance to the rice row is about 50 mm, to supply nutrients for the late growth of the rice, the depth of deep fertilization is 70 to 100 mm, and the deep groove is in the middle of two rice rows. An airflow layered fertilizer system was developed, and the key components of the fertilization system were designed, such as the air-fertilizer mixing device and the layer fertilizer distributor. The air-fertilizer mixing device was designed based on the Venturi principle to mix the fertilizer with the airflow. According to the simulation analysis and test results of SolidWorks, the structural parameters of the airflow fertilizer mixer were optimized, by which the optimum airflow channel height was set to 20 mm. According to the requirement of rice fertilization, a layered fertilizer distributor was designed, and the distribution ratio equation of shallow and deep fertilization was determined. The angle of the adjustment plate was 0° to 30° and the proportion of deep fertilization and total shallow fertilization was 1:1 to 2:1. Then, the single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out on the test platform. The single factor test results showed that the main factors affecting the performance of the system were wind speed, angle of the adjustment plate and fertilization pipe length. Orthogonal experiments were conducted with wind speed, angle of the adjustment plate and fertilizer pipe length as the main factors. The experimental results showed that when the wind speed was 18 m/s, angle of the adjustment plate was 30°, and the fertilization pipe length was 1 000 mm. The designed airflow layered fertilizer system was installed on the 2BDH-10 rice precision direct seeder to conduct field performance tests. The field test results showed that the maximum error of the ratio of two shallow and deep fertilization was 7.76%, the maximum coefficient variation of the shallow layer was 3.98%, the maximum coefficient variation of the deep layer was 4.41%. This work can provide an important reference for the technology of rice airflow layered fertilization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Mixing - Nutrients - Plates (structural components) - Testing - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Different growth stages - Distribution ratio - Field performance - Orthogonal experiment - Root distribution - Simulation analysis - Structural parameter - Venturi principle
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.98e+00%, Percentage 4.41e+00%, Percentage 7.76e+00%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Velocity 1.80e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20201608479725
Title:Attributional comparative analysis of runoff and sediment change in typical basin of Loess Plateau
Title of translation:黄土高原典型流域水沙变化归因对比分析
Authors:Jiang, Kaixin (1, 2); Yu, Kunxia (1, 2); Cao, Wenhong (3); Zhang, Xiaoming (3); Li, Peng (1, 2); Sun, Qian (1, 2); Liu, Yu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Kunxia(yukunxia@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:143-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent decades, the runoff and sediment of the Yellow River middle reaches located in the Loess Plateau have changed significantly. Many scholars have carried out a lot of researches on the Wuding River, a typical basin of the Loess Plateau, but these researches are focused on the breakthrough of methods and ignore the comparative analysis among methods. This study compared the difference of four methods, i. e., double cumulative curve method, hydrological method, elastic coefficient method and soil and water conservation method, to conduct attributional comparative analysis of runoff and sediment change in the Wuding River Basin from 1957 to 2010. Both double cumulative curve method and hydrological method separate the influence of climate change and human activity by substituting the precipitation data in the research period into the precipitation-runoff and precipitation-sediment transport relationships established in the reference period, and the hydrological method takes into account the annual distribution of precipitation. The elastic coefficient method generates runoff and sediment elasticities to quantify the effects of climate change and human activities. The soil and water conservation method refers to determining the runoff and sediment reduction indicators of each measure under different conditions and periods in different geomorphic areas. The results of trend and change point analysis showed that the annual precipitation in the Wuding River Basin has not changed significantly. The annual potential evaporation, annual runoff and annual sediment transport decreased significantly and the year of change point was 1982, 1971 and 1971, respectively. The attributional comparative analysis of runoff showed that the results of hydrological method were close to those of elastic coefficient method, and the contribution rate of human activities of soil and water conservation method was relatively small, and the attributional comparative analysis of sediment transport showed that the results of soil and water conservation method were consistent with those of the other three methods. Attribution analysis results indicated human activities were the dominant factor of runoff and sediment change in the basin, and their effects on runoff and sediment change were increasing year by year. Among different human activities, irrigation water diversion and afforestation played a leading role in runoff change, and check dam and afforestation played a leading role in sediment transport change. The full up or failure of check dam built in the 1970s and 1980s would largely weaken the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of water conservancy and soil conservation measures in the short term. In the long term, the impact of ecological construction, such as returning cultivated land to forestland or grassland, on runoff and sediment transport will gradually play a major role. Therefore, in the future, the governance of the Wuding River Basin should continue to implement the policy of conversion of cropland to forest and grassland, and strengthen the layout optimization and post-maintenance of engineering measures such as check dam.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Flood control - Irrigation - Landforms - Reforestation - Rivers - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Soil conservation - Soils - Water conservation - Water management - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Annual distributions - Change-point analysis - Comparative analysis - Conservation measures - Ecological construction - Forest and grassland - Potential evaporation - Soil and water conservation
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20201608479763
Title:Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient balance and environmental risk assessment of apple orchard in Qixia city
Title of translation:栖霞市苹果园氮磷养分平衡及环境风险评价
Authors:Wan, Wei (1, 2); Shi, Jibo (1, 2); Liu, Zhong (1, 2); Han, Yiwen (1, 2); Liu, Fan (1, 2); Wang, Jiaying (1, 2); Zheng, Mandi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Zhong(lzh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:211-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Qixia city is one of the most important apple producing areas in China. In recent years, a large amount of per unit area nutrient input of orchards had resulted in excessive enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorus in the region, which had further polluted the local soil, water resources, atmosphere and other environmental elements. Therefore, it was of great practical significance to clarify the current situation of fertilization in main producing areas of apple and scientifically evaluate the environmental risks. Taking Qixia city as the research area, from May to July 2018, the basic situation, fertilization pattern and fertilization quantity of apple orchards in this area were obtained through field investigation and questionnaire survey. From August to November 2018, a field experiment was conducted in a typical apple orchard to obtain nitrogen gas loss data of base fertilizer in apple orchard. From December 2018 to March 2019, nitrogen gas loss data of apple orchards were obtained by laboratory simulation. Based on quantifying the input and output of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in apple orchards, the surplus nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of apple orchards in Qixia city was calculated by constructing a nutrient balance model. Finally, by dividing the environmental risk grade of nitrogen and phosphorus surplus in apple orchards, the regional environmental risk of Qixia city was evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that: 1) In 2018, nutrient input of apple orchards in Qixia city was as follows: organic matter 5 360.28 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, N 545 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> 568. 76 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K<inf>2</inf>O 712.57 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Among them, N, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> and K<inf>2</inf>O input through base fertilizer accounted for 82.23%, 81.82% and 70.41% of the total. Only 17.77%, 18.18% and 29.59% were absorbed through top dressing; 2) Gaseous loss of nitrogen, fruit and branch carry away accounted for 6.49%, 24.34% and 3.12% of the total input, respectively, with a surplus rate of 66.04% (402.97 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). The phosphorus taken away by fruits and branches accounted for 12.33% and 2.55% of the total input, respectively, with a surplus rate of 85.12% (484.75 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). The surplus amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in Qixia city both exceed the threshold of environmental safety, which belong to the range of medium risk and high risk respectively. In conclusion, excessive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers will inevitably pose a threat to the soil, land surface and groundwater resources and atmospheric environment of Qixia city. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the output and quality of orchards, it should be the main direction of sustainable development of orchards to appropriately reduce the use of chemical fertilizer, gradually establish an integrated fertilization model of water and fertilizer, and improve the management experience of fruit farmers.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:56
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Fruits - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Nutrients - Orchards - Phosphorus - Risk assessment - Surface water resources - Surveys - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric environment - Chemical fertilizers - Environmental risk assessment - Environmental risks - Environmental safety - Laboratory simulation - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Questionnaire surveys
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 2.43e+01%, Percentage 2.55e+00%, Percentage 2.96e+01%, Percentage 3.12e+00%, Percentage 6.49e+00%, Percentage 7.04e+01%, Percentage 8.18e+01%, Percentage 8.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20201608479834
Title:Sunlight-heat separation characteristics of Fresnel lens on the top of Chinese solar greenhouse
Title of translation:日光温室顶部菲涅尔透镜的光热分离特性
Authors:Wu, Gang (1, 2); Fang, Hui (1, 2); Zhang, Yi (1, 2); Yang, Qichang (1, 2); Ma, Xinglong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Hui(fanghui@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:202-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The common south roof materials of Chinese solar greenhouses is transparent plastic film. Generally speaking, they have no significant advantage for adjusting incidence lights of greenhouses. Given that the solar irradiance above the light saturation point is meaningless for plant growth, as in summer, the strong sunlight at noon is surplus, that is, surplus light is unused. In order to improve the efficiency of the solar energy utilization in Chinese solar greenhouses, a separation of direct and diffuse light system based on curved Fresnel lens is established in the non-planting zone on top of the Chinese solar greenhouse. The system uses 25% of the space in the non-planting zone. The sun light is tracked from different angles of incidence, by using optical simulation software, and the receiving efficiency and focal spot distribution of the curved Fresnel lens under typical daily conditions are analyzed to obtain the rule of change within a day. Regarding direct light heat integration test, the heat integration efficiency of the system can reach 45% at noon. The results showed that compared with control group, heating system which was designed could increase the soil ridge temperature by 4.5-5.3℃. In the case of continuous sunny days, the COP of heating system was 1.5-1.9. The heating system was composed of Fresnel lens, vacuum tube, water tank, heating pipes under soil ridge and water submersible pump. The experiment was conducted from 16th Dec. 2018 to 16th Feb. 2019. Tomato was used as a model plant in the greenhouse. Compared with the impact of scattered light on plants inside the greenhouse, it is discovered that the illuminance of a whole day in the test area is reduced by 10%-40%. The study shows that the new type of greenhouse heat integration method can enhance space utilization and improve the light and heat inside the greenhouse. Also, heat is integrated by using strong direct light at noon to realize comprehensive utilization of the solar power. Test method: The direct light at the noon perpendicular to the specular surface is concentrated by the curved Fresnel lens and projected on the solar vacuum tube receiver to achieve the photothermal conversion. Part of the scattered light not intercepted by the receiver passes through the lens and falls on the plant blade at the bottom. Both the lens concentrator and the Chinese solar greenhouse are arranged in the east-west direction to receive sunlight, and the Fresnel lens concentrator is suspended in the non-planting zone at the top of the greenhouse using plastic ropes and fixed pulleys. The test system consists of 2 rows of 20-meter-long Fresnel lenses with a total heat collection area of 26 m<sup>2</sup>. The system also includes support mechanisms and receivers. The program can be controlled according to the local latitude, so that the angle between the center line of the curved Fresnel lens and the horizontal line is fixed to the maximum value of the sun's altitude angle of the day. In the experiment, the location was Beijing, which would be 73° on summer solstice and 26.5° on winter solstice.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Computer software - Concentration (process) - Electron tubes - Energy utilization - Heating equipment - Integration - Light scattering - Optical instrument lenses - Solar energy - Solar heating - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Angles of incidence - Chinese solar greenhouse - Comprehensive utilizations - Lens concentrators - Photo-thermal conversions - Separation characteristics - Transparent plastic films - Water-submersibles
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Area 2.60e+01m2, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 4.00e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20201608479745
Title:Pulse characteristics and its influence of negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler
Title of translation:负压反馈射流喷头脉冲特性及其影响规律
Authors:Wang, Xinkun (1); Yao, Jicheng (1); Xu, Shengrong (1); Jin, Binbin (1); Ding, Shiwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Fluid Machinery Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Shandong Taishan Pumped Storage Power Station Co., Ltd., Tai'an; 271000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The negative pressure feedback jet sprinkler is a new type of irrigation sprinkler independently developed by China. Its design principle is based on the Coanda Effect. Pulse (including pulse frequency and pressure amplitude) is an important feature of the sprinkler, which has a significant impact on the sprinkler's range, rotation characteristics and spray uniformity. At present, the mechanism of its influence on pulse characteristics has not been systematically studied. The main factors affecting the pulse characteristics of the sprinkle are ratio of the shortest distance between inlet and side wall to inlet width (SW), ratio of distance from inlet to concave to inlet width (HW) and sidewall inclination. In this paper, firstly, design interval of the pulse characteristic structure was obtained through 125 sets of numerical simulations. Secondly, by studying the influence of different factors on the pulse characteristics, the effects of main factors on the pulse frequency and pressure amplitude were obtained. The pulse frequency decreased with the increase of SW and HW, and the values of SW at the turning point of the falling rate was 0.525 and 9 respectively; The inclination of the sidewall inclination had little effect on the pulse frequency; The pressure amplitude increased with the increase of SW, and the value of SW at the point where the growth rate became smaller was 0.450. The pressure amplitude increased first and then decreased with the increase of sidewall inclination and HW, and the value of sidewall inclination and HW at the turning point was 12° and 9, respectively. Based on the above studies, a better design interval for the pulse characteristic structure was further determined. Finally, through four-factor three-level orthogonal test, pulse frequency and pressure amplitude were used as evaluation parameters, and range analysis and comprehensive scoring methods were used to obtain the sprinkler structure with optimal pulse characteristics and they were the shortest distance between inlet and side wall of 1.80 mm, the sidewall inclination of 10°, and the distance from inlet to concave of 28. 0 mm. Furthermore, the computer simulation of the sprinkler under the optimal structural parameters was carried out. The numerical simulation obtained the pressure flow diagram during the working process of the sprinkler. A periodic dynamic analysis of the pulse formation process was performed through the pressure flow diagram. At the same time, the pressure difference between the two sides of the main jet was measured during the simulation. The results showed that the maximum positive pressure on both sides of the main jet appeared near 63 mm from the nozzle cross section at different working pressures. This was because the entrainment of the high-speed water flow when the jet was attached to the wall created a strong vortex flow near the wall of the attachment point, which caused a large pressure difference. The maximum negative pressure appeared at a distance of 40 mm from the sprinkler inlet, which was caused by the movement of the deflection in the control tube caused by the uneven pressure difference between the two sides of the jet when the jet was attached to the wall. The pressure difference across the jet at a distance of 70 mm from the sprinkler inlet was also negative, which was mainly caused by the jet deflected into the nozzle, hitting the inner wall of the sprinkler and forming a local vortex. In sum, with the same internal structure design, the position of the attachment point of the sprinkler under different pressure conditions remained basically unchanged. This study provides guidance to optimization of sprinkler structure and to improvement of sprinkler performance according to the characteristics of the high-speed jet Coanda.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Controlled terms:Feedback - Flow of water - Flowcharting - Growth rate - Nozzles - Numerical models - Structural optimization - Vortex flow - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Different pressures - Evaluation parameters - Internal structure designs - Negative pressures - Pressure amplitudes - Pressure differences - Pulse characteristics - Structural parameter
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 723.1 Computer Programming - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m, Size 1.80e-03m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 6.30e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20201608479853
Title:Benefits and ecological risks of Gully Reclamation Project in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley region
Title of translation:元谋干热河谷平沟建园土地治理工程效益及生态风险
Authors:Liu, Lin (1, 2, 3); Xiong, Donghong (1, 2); Zhang, Wenduo (1, 2, 3); Li, Wanxin (1, 2, 3); Yuan, Yong (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Baojun (1, 2); Zhang, Xinbao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (3) University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Xiong, Donghong(dhxiong@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:251-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley of the Jinsha River is an ecologically fragile region with severe gully erosion in southwest China. Gullies, with the density of 3 to 5 km/km<sup>2</sup>, erode the farmland and form the erosion badlands, accounting for approximately 70% of the total area and inducing rapid land degradation. However, this valley features extremely hot weather, with annual average temperature of 21.9℃ and annual sunshine of 2 550-2 744 h. The abundant sunshine and heat resources make this valley being a large "natural greenhouse", which is very favorable for developing off-season agriculture. The vegetable and fruit plantation in this valley have high output and quality. Since 2010, a new land management model to reuse the gully erosion badlands has been carried out in this area, namely the Gully Reclamation Project. This project has played an important role in increasing the cultivated land resources and economic returns, however, with the project implementation, the potential ecological risks cannot be ignored. In this study, visual interpretation methods were employed to identify the area of the Gully Reclamation Projects. Then, we conducted field surveys in 6 villages with the greater project distribution, Laocheng, Pingtian, Huangguayuan, Xinhua, Wumao, and Yuanma. And ultimately, we visited a number of farmer households, and 8 typical projects were selected to analyze the technology and operation modes, and output benefit of this land management project. The potential ecological risks during the project implementation were also discussed. The results showed that the Gully Reclamation Project with the main investors of enterprisers and local farmers significantly improved the land resource utilization efficiency in the area. From 2010 to 2018, the project completed new arable land a total area of more than 6 700 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for about 5% of the area of the dry-hot valley. Meanwhile, the project brought huge economic benefits for enterprisers and local farmers. The total land construction investment was 33 000-180 000 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>, with an average of 106 500 yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>. Taking the mostly planted grapes and tomatoes as examples, the total annual output was 1.4 to 12.7 times and 1.3 to 6.3 times of the average land construction investment, respectively. However, with the implementation of the project, there are also several potential ecological risks, such as the rill erosion in terrace slopes, the imbalance of water resources utilization in new land, and the threat to water safety caused by the massive application of pesticides and fertilizers. In general, the Gully Reclamation Project is a non-governmental organized and successful land management. However, it is of great significance to strengthen the scientific monitoring and researching on the specific ecological benefits and potential ecological risks in the future. This can provide a theoretical basis for the scientific implementation of the project and the sustainable development of economic, ecological and social benefits.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Erosion - Extreme weather - Heating - Investments - Land reclamation - Land use - Reclamation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Construction investments - Ecologically fragile regions - Land management modeling - Potential ecological risk - Project implementation - Technology and Operations - Visual interpretation - Water resources utilizations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 444 Water Resources - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Time 9.18e+06s to 9.88e+06s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20201608479748
Title:Extraction of cotton seedling growth information using UAV visible light remote sensing images
Title of translation:利用无人机可见光遥感影像提取棉花苗情信息
Authors:Dai, Jianguo (1, 2); Xue, Jinli (1, 2); Zhao, Qingzhan (1, 2); Wang, Qiong (3); Chen, Bing (3); Zhang, Guoshun (1, 2); Jiang, Nan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Corps Spatial Information Engineering Technology Research Center, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation, Shihezi; 832003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:63-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rapid and accurate seedling situation acquisition is an important prerequisite for farmland fine management, and also the basis for promoting the development of precision agriculture. It was found that UAV remote sensing images combined with machine vision technology had obvious advantages in crop detection in the field. However, current research mainly focused on crops such as corn, wheat, and rape, and only realized the extraction of emergence rate or coverage. In fact, there were few reports on the research of cotton overall seedling situation acquisition. In order to solve the problems of time-consuming and inefficient manual collection of cotton seedling information, this article explored a new method of extracting seedlings based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) visible light remote sensing images. Firstly, cotton images in the 3-4 leaf stage were captured by the UAV equipped with a high-resolution visible light sensor. Meanwhile, the typical images were selected for experimentation after a series of preprocessing operations, such as correction, stitching, and cropping. The separation of cotton from the background (soil, mulch) was a primary prerequisite for obtaining cotton seedling situation information. The segmentation effect of eight color indexes on cotton image were compared and analyzed and the green-blue difference index (GBDI) color index was selected in this paper to realize the segmentation of cotton and background by combining with the Otsu threshold segmentation method because GBDI component was found to have fewer impurities and more complete segmentation. In order to avoid the influence of weed noise on the follow-up experiment, morphology and grid method for weed noise elimination were adopted, and the results showed that the grid method was more effective than the morphological method in removing weeds. A mapping relationship between morphological characteristics and the number of cotton plants was established to estimate the number of cotton. Because conglutinated cotton was difficult to be segmented by morphological operation, 10 morphological features were extracted as candidate variables to establish SVM plant number estimation model. A total of 3710 sample data were obtained in this experiment, 80% of which were randomly selected for classification modeling, while the remaining 20% were used for testing. Based on the person correlation analysis, 6 features whose correlation coefficient more than 0.7 were selected. The model was applied to the whole image to obtain the number of emerging cotton plants in the study area, and then the seedling emergence rate, canopy coverage and evenness of cotton plant growth were calculated, consecutively. The results showed that the classification accuracy of SVM plant number estimation model reached 97.17%, the statistical error ranged from 0.8% to 4.7%, and the average error was 2.52%. The error of the method decreased with the increase of monitoring area, which indicated that the model had better applicability in larger cotton fields. The cotton emergence rate, canopy coverage and growth uniformity were 64.89%, 7.17%, 10.98% respectively. The method based on the UAV visible light image effectively improved the efficiency of cotton field seedling acquisition, and the research results can provide technical support for subsequent cotton field management and fine plant protection.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aircraft detection - Antennas - Crops - Errors - Extraction - Forestry - Image enhancement - Image segmentation - Light - Mathematical morphology - Remote sensing - Support vector machines - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Correlation coefficient - High resolution visible - Machine vision technologies - Morphological characteristic - Morphological operations - Pre-processing operations - Visible-light remote sensing
Classification code:652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+00%, Percentage 6.49e+01%, Percentage 7.17e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e-01% to 4.70e+00%, Percentage 9.72e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20201608479818
Title:Stereoscopic test method for low-altitude and low-volume spraying deposition and drift distribution of plant protection UAV
Title of translation:植保无人机低空低量施药雾滴沉积飘移分布立体测试方法
Authors:Wang, Zhichong (1); Herbst, Andreas (2); Bonds, Jane (3); Zeng, Aijun (1); Zhao, Cheng (1); He, Xiongkui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Julius-Kühn-Institut, Institute for Application Techniques in Plant Protection, Messeweg 11/12, Braunschweig; 38104, Germany; (3) Bonds Consulting Group LLC, Panama City Beach, 3900 Wasp Street, FL; 32408, United States
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:54-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the widespread application of plant protection unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) in China, the application technology of plant protection UAV has attracted attention, and the environmental risk from the uniformity of deposition distribution and droplet drift loss is also an important question. At present, there are few test methods focusing on the droplet distribution in the environment of plant protection UAV. In this paper, a set of stereoscopic test methods for low-altitude low-volume plant protection UAV was designed mainly based on the international standards ISO 22866 and ISO 24253. The methods concluded two parts of the ground distribution and airborne distribution. The ground distribution was collected by the standard collectors (Petri dishes and Polyvinyl Chloride card) arranged on the ground according to the ISO standard. The airborne distribution mainly used a vertical sedimentation testing framework. The droplets of aerial drift were collected by Polytetrafluoroethylene lines and rotary tube brushes. The accurate flight parameters (fight speed and working width) of each test were captured by a camera UAV (Phantom 4A, produced by DJI) above the ground 80 m. Two three-axis ultrasonic anemometers (Gill, USA) were installed above ground 2 and 5 m respectively, which could obtain real-time meteorological data including the wind speed, wind direction and temperature. There were four types plant protection UAVs for testing, the MG-1s (DJI, 8 rotors), 3WQF-120-12 (Anyang Quanfeng, 1 rotor), 3W-TTA6-10 (Beifang Tiantu, 6 rotors) and 3W-TTA8-20 (Beifang Tiantu, 8 rotors), they were tested respectively with the nozzles of IDK 120-015 and TR 80-0067 produced by Lechler (Germany). A new calculation method was proposed, and total deposition around UAV was calculated for verifing the accuracy of method. Total ground sedimentation and aerial disappearance were calculated to represent all available pesticide, and evaluate the environmental risk respectively. The results showed that the ground deposition rate of all tests was between 53.6% to 76.6%, the highest ground drift rate was rich to 17.4%, and the airborne drift rate could be as high as 14.7%. This test system could collect 62.4%-101.7% droplets around the UAV sprayed by plant protection UAV. The drifts of 4 tested plant protection UAV installed IDK nozzles were obviously less than that with TR nozzles, meanwhile, the nozzle changing also reduced the ground deposition in some tests. Different plant protection UAVs had different distribution regular patterns of deposition when they installed TR or IDK nozzles. It meant the designs of different plant protection UAVs needed to select the right nozzles after finishing the distribution test for different types of nozzles. Thus, the most suitable nozzle type of each UAV should be tested and selected before the UAV working. This test method can effectively and systematically collect and analyze the droplets distribution of plant protection UAV and the drift regularity in the work area, which can provide a new reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the plant protection UAV.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Controlled terms:Antennas - Chlorine compounds - Deposition rates - Drops - Environmental technology - ISO Standards - Meteorology - Nozzle design - Nozzles - Polyvinyl chlorides - Stereo image processing - Testing - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Application technologies - Comprehensive evaluation - Deposition distribution - Different distributions - Droplet distribution - International standards - Ultrasonic anemometer - Vertical sedimentation
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454 Environmental Engineering - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 4.00e+00A, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 1.74e+01%, Percentage 5.36e+01% to 7.66e+01%, Percentage 6.24e+01% to 1.02e+02%, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m, Size 8.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20201608479736
Title:Failure modes and slope stability of expansive soil canal under wet-dry cycles
Title of translation:湿干循环下膨胀土渠道边坡的破坏模式及稳定性
Authors:Zhu, Xun (1); Li, Guoying (1); Cai, Zhengyin (1); Huang, Yinghao (1); Zhang, Chen (1); Chen, Hao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing; 210024, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Zhengyin(zycai@nhri.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:159-167
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Expansive soil is rich in clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite and it is very sensitive to change of the environment. Aiming at the problem of slope instability and damage caused by seasonal water flow in expansive soil canals in northern Xinjiang, the deformation and failure characteristics of expansive soil canal slopes under wet and dry cycles were studied by establishing a centrifugal model test that simplified geological conditions. The failure mode of expansive soil canal slopes was caused by canal water flow and water stoppage; on this basis, the influence of different fissure distribution on seepage characteristics and stability of expansive soil canal slopes was analyzed by using GeoStudio software. The results showed that the cracking of the expansive soil in the canal foundation during the operation of the canal was the decisive factor for the shallow instability of the canal slope. In the centrifugal model test, the shallow damage caused by the expansive soil canal slope during the process of passing through and stopping the water was caused by the mixing and superposition of the 2 failure modes. At the beginning of construction, the integrity of the soil on the slope of the canal was high, and the initial slope had no initial cracks. With the increase of the canal operation time, the shallow soil underwent the wet-dry cycle effect. Under the gradual cracking, the "sub-soil blocks" generated on the surface gradually began to spall, and at the same time, the cracks gradually developed into the slope in the vertical direction when the depth of the cracks reached the slope. After the critical depth of the surface, its propagation path was deflected. At this stage, the cracks gradually passed through the shallow slope of the canal slope along the slope surface with the increase of the "soil mass" exfoliation degree on the slope surface. As shown in the canal during the last stage of water stoppage, the overburden pressure of the shallow soil firstly decreased due to the decrease of the water level of the canal and the exfoliation of the "sub-soil mass". The internal fissures in the soil were developed to a high degree. After the water was stopped, the internal canal water in the shallow soil flew out of the soil through the preferential path formed by the fissures and converged at the foot of the slope. This drying process was extended again, eventually forming a fissure parallel to the canal slope sliding band in the internal canals. Under the combined effect of the above effects, the shallow soil layer in the canal slope slid along the fissure slip zone, eventually causing the shallow failure of the expansive soil canal slope. The existence of cracks aggravated the pore pressure fluctuation of the surface soil on the slope surface, which easily caused the surface "sub-soil blocks" to peel off. With the increase of the crack depth of the canal slope, the soil deeper from the slope surface was more susceptible to the fluctuation of the canal water level, making the shallow soil on the canal slope more vulnerable to damage under the action of tension cracks at the trailing edge. Comparing the safety factor of the canal slope at different depths of the trailing edge cracks in the model, the shallow failure of the slope was mainly determined by the "sub-soil block" exfoliation pattern, and the extension of the trailing edge tension cracks promoted the slope instability.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Canals
Controlled terms:Centrifugation - Clay minerals - Cracks - Exfoliation (materials science) - Failure modes - Flow of water - Hydraulic structures - Hydraulics - Infiltration - Safety factor - Slope stability - Soils - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Centrifugal model tests - Deformation and failures - Exfoliation degree - Geological conditions - Overburden pressures - Pressure fluctuation - Seepage characteristics - Vertical direction
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 407.2 Waterways - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20201608479824
Title:Variation characteristics and future trends of the snowfall/precipitation ratio in Tianshan Mountains in recent 58 years
Title of translation:近58年天山降雪/降水量比率变化特征及未来趋势
Authors:Qin, Yan (1, 2); Zhao, Qiudong (3); Meng, Jie (4); Ding, Jianli (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (4) Water Resources Bureau of Xinjiang, Urumqi; 830000, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:150-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water resources in arid region of Northwest China depend heavily on mountain precipitation and snowmelt runoff. The precipitation falling as snow or rain has different hydrological effects. As a meteorological indicator reflecting snowfall/precipitation conversion, the ratio of snowfall to precipitation (S/P) is quite important, because even small changes in S/P may influence the runoff processes and available water resources. However, the long-term trend of S/P in Tianshan Mountains, China, which is critical to the future water management in the context of climate change, has been unclear. Based on the daily meteorological data from 49 stations during 1961-2018, this study conducted a parameterization scheme to desociate the snowfall from precipitation and analyze historical spatial-temporal variations of snowfall, precipitation and S/P during cold season (from October to April) within the above timeframe. Meanwhile, considering of the impacts of climate change on S/P, five GCM models of the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparision Project (CMIP5) at RCP4.5 emission scenarios were selected to project the future change of snowfall, precipitation and S/P by bias-correction with Quantile Delta Mapping (QDM). The results demonstrated that the S/P in Tianshan Mountains was affected by the topography. The S/P was larger in the mountain area than that in the basin, greater on the northern slopes than that on the southern slopes, which was significantly and positively correlated with the altitude. During the past 58 years, the snowfall and precipitation increased significantly, and the distribution of regions with the obvious changes were concentrated in the central region of the northern Tianshan Mountains and Yili River valley. Due to the synchronous trend of snowfall and rainfall, the S/P in Tianshan Mountains was found to fluctuate between 0.35 and 0.67, revealing a slight decrease trend at a rate of 0.016%/10a. A negative correlation was also noticeable between the average wet day air temperature and S/P, and air temperature change is an important factor for S/P change. Under the RCP4. 5 climate scenario, it is estimated that the snowfall in cold season will increase slowly before 2040 s±5, and then gradually decrease, showing a slow declining trend overall. In contrast, precipitation will increase significantly in the future, reaching its peak around 2080s ± 5. In this case, S/P presents a continuous declining trend during the 21<sup>st</sup>century, which is expected to decline from 0.52 in the 2010s to 0.43 in the 2090s. In comparison with the base period (1986-2005), snowfall in 70% sites in the Tianshan Mountains will reduced by the 2050s, with the average regional snowfall in cold season decrease by 8.9%; Whereas the precipitation of 80% stations increased, with the average regional precipitation increased by 10.1%. Affected by the amount of snowfall and precipitation, S/P of 47 out of 49 stations will decrease, and the average S/P in the 2050s will decrease by 14.7% comparing to the base period. Despite of the uncertainty in the projection results of the model, the quantitative analysis of future S/P in this study is helpful in understanding the changing process of different forms of precipitation and is of great significance to the regulation of regional water resources in relation to global warming.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Climate models - Global warming - Landforms - Runoff - Snow - Topography - Uncertainty analysis - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Air temperature changes - Hydrological effects - Meteorological data - Negative correlation - Northern tianshan mountains - Parameterization schemes - Regional water resources - Variation characteristics
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443 Meteorology - 481.1 Geology - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.80e+01yr, Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20201608479740
Title:Effects of biochar on sunflower straw pyrolysis characteristics and gas products
Title of translation:生物炭对向日葵秸秆热解特性及气体产物影响
Authors:Li, Lijie (1, 3); Niu, Wenjuan (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (3); Zhao, Lixin (3); Cong, Hongbin (3); Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Zhiyou(nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:227-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The development of slow pyrolysis technology has great significances for using crop residue resources and relieving energy and environment crisis. In China, sunflower is an important oil crop, which is widely planted. The yield of sunflower straw is about 120 million tons. In this study, Sunflower straw was used as the raw material, the biochars derived from sunflower straw was used as additives, and TG-FTIR was used to analyze the pyrolysis process, and to study the effects of different preparation temperatures (500, 700, 900℃) and proportions (10%, 20%,30%,40%) of biochar on the pyrolysis characteristics of sunflower straw and gas products,which mainly include furans, acids, carbonyl compounds, aromatic aldehydes, CO, CH<inf>4</inf>, etc. The results showed that the activation energy of sunflower straw pyrolysis decreased from 60.21 kJ/mol to 38.07-50.35 kJ/mol at different proportions of biochar. With increasing proportion of biochar, the activation energy for the pyrolysis of mixed samples decreased, With the increase of biochar prepared at 500℃, the pyrolysis final temperature of sunflower straw increases from 367 to 380℃, the maximum weight loss rate of sunflower straw decreased from 15.68%/min to 9.83% /min, and the maximum weight loss temperature increased from 328 to 334℃. When biochar prepared at 500℃ with 10% addition, aromatic aldehydes showed the maximum release, and the release amounts of aromatic aldehydes and carbonyl compounds in the pyrolysis gas products decreased, while those of CO and CH<inf>4</inf> decreased,furans and acids have no obvious change. With the addition of biochar at different preparation temperatures, the main pyrolysis range of sunflower straw was extended and shifted to different degrees, which migrated to high temperature zone when adding biochar prepared at 500℃, and migrated to low temperature zone when adding biochar prepared at 700 and 900℃. Maximum weightlessness temperature of sunflower straw pyrolysis rise from 319 to 334℃, then decreased to 309℃, and maximum weight loss rate has decreased, which indicates that biochar prepared at 500℃ shows strongest inhibitory effect of sunflower straw pyrolysis; The pyrolysis of biochar prepared at 700℃ and 900℃ promoted at the initial stage and inhibited at the whole process of pyrolysis. As the preparation temperature of added biochar increased, the pyrolysis activation energy of sunflower straw decreased from 60.21 kJ/mol to 45.05-50.35 kJ/mol. The release of furan, acid and carbonyl compounds from sunflower straw pyrolysis added with biochar prepared at three different temperatures was reduced. Upon the addition of biochar prepared at 500 and 700℃, the aromatic aldehydes in sunflower pyrolysis gas products were increased; upon the addition of biochar prepared at 900℃, the CO production in sunflower pyrolysis gas products increased. Compared with biochar prepared at the medium-and low-temperature,biochar prepared at 900℃, the furan, carbonyl compounds and CH<inf>4</inf> in the pyrolysis products of sunflower straw decreased more obviously and the CO increased more obviously, which was related to the loose structure of biochar prepared at 900℃,which fully contact with sunflower straw. It is concluded that when the proportion of biochar prepared by 500℃ is 40%, the furans, acids and carbonyl compounds in the gas products are all decreased the effect of reduction is the best. And when the addition ratio is 10%, the low-temperature preparation of biochar (500℃) is conducive to the production of combustible gas, while the high-temperature preparation of biochar (900℃) is conducive to reducing the emissions of furans, acids and carbonyl compounds in the gas products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Sunflower oil
Controlled terms:Activation energy - Additives - Agricultural wastes - Aldehydes - Aromatic compounds - Aromatization - Crops - Gas emissions - Low temperature production - Organic pollutants - Pyrolysis - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Different proportions - Energy and environment - High temperature zones - Low temperature preparation - Preparation temperatures - Pyrolysis characteristics - Pyrolysis products - Weight loss temperatures
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20201608479806
Title:Determination of three-dimensional collision restitution coefficient of oil sunflower grain by high-speed photography
Title of translation:采用高速摄影技术测定油葵籽粒三维碰撞恢复系数
Authors:Liu, Yang (1); Zong, Wangyuan (1, 2); Ma, Lina (1, 2); Huang, Xiaomao (1, 2); Li, Mao (1); Tang, Can (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zong, Wangyuan(zongwangyuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:44-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to establish a collision model of oil sunflower grains with agricultural machinery components during harvesting, transportation, sowing etc, a test device was developed based on principles of mirror reflection and kinematics. The device was designed to simulate the 3-dimensional (3D) coordinate system and tested to measure the Coefficient of Restitution (COR) of oil sunflower grains during collision. The sunflower variety "DW667", widely planted in Xinjiang Autonomous Region, was chosen as the test material. The three-dimensional motion coordinates of sunflower grains were recorded by high-speed photography. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were carried out for the following factors: collision material, falling height, collision angle, impact part, material thickness and moisture content. Results of single-factor experiments of collision materials showed that COR decreased in the order of Q235 steel > aluminum alloy > acrylic glass > rubber. From collision tests of sunflowers grains with Q235 steel, COR increased with increasing collision angles, increased with increasing steel thicknesses, decreased with decreasing falling heights, and decreased with increasing moisture contents, and COR were the largest when the upper parts of seeds collided with the steel. Under the condition that collision material was steel Q235, collision angle was 0, material thickness was 2 mm, large-head collision and moisture content was 6.38%, the regression equation between seed and falling height was built and R<sup>2</sup> of the regression equation for the curve and falling height was 0.988 5. Under the condition that collision material was steel Q235, falling height was 400 mm, material thickness was 2 mm large-head collision and moisture content was 6.38%, the regression equation between seed and impact of the collision angle was built and R<sup>2</sup> of the regression equation for the curve and impact angle was 0.961 0. Under the condition that collision material was steel Q235, collision angle was 0, falling height was 400 mm, large-head collision and moisture content was 6.38%, the regression equation between restitution coefficient and the material thickness was established and the R<sup>2</sup> of regression curve was 0.957 7. Under the conditions that collision material was steel Q235, collision angle was 0, material thickness was 2 mm, falling height was 400 mm and large-head collision, the regression equation between restitution coefficient and the moisture content was established and the R<sup>2</sup> obtained was 0.951 6. Regression equations were established between COR and falling heights, collision angles, material thickness, moisture contents of seeds, with all the regression coefficients greater than 0.95.Results of orthogonal experiments showed that the order of significance of COR influencing factors was collision material > impact part > falling height > collision angle > material thickness > moisture content. The influence of collision material, impact part, falling height and collision angle were the extremely significant (P<0.01) and the influence of material thickness and moisture content were significant (P<0.05). Comparative tests showed that COR calculated by Newton method were smaller than those calculated by the energy method, COR calculated from 3D collision angles were larger than those calculated by 2D collision angles, and the bouncing heights calculated from COR of 3D collision were larger than those calculated from COR of 2D collision. Validation tests showed that the rebound height predicted by COR of 3D collision was close to real rebound height. The results of this study could provide support to the optimization of key components in oil sunflower production machinery and the solving of parameters of agricultural materials.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:High speed photography
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Aluminum alloys - Aluminum coated steel - Grain (agricultural product) - Moisture - Moisture determination - Newton-Raphson method - Optical testing - Petroleum transportation - Regression analysis - Sunflower oil
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of restitution - Collision restitution coefficient - Orthogonal experiment - Production machinery - Regression coefficient - Restitution coefficient - Single-factor experiments - Three-dimensional motion
Classification code:541.1 Aluminum - 541.2 Aluminum Alloys - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 742.1 Photography - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.38e+00%, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20201608479797
Title:Estimating and partitioning evapotranspiration of maize farmland based on stable oxygen isotope
Title of translation:基于氧同位素的玉米农田蒸散发估算和区分
Authors:Wu, Youjie (1, 2); Du, Taisheng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Du, Taisheng(dutaisheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:127-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Evapotranspiration (ET) and its estimation and partition are important research contents in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), as it provides abundant information about water and heat transfer and plays an important role in the efficient water use in agriculture. The isotopic technique is considered to be an effective method to study it. Here, the isotopic compositions of soil water, evaporated vapor, transpiration vapor and atmospheric background vapor were measured and 2 isotope-based methods (Iso-CG method, isotope combined with the Keeling plot and Craig-Gordon model; and Iso-WB method, combining isotope conservation and water balance) were applied to estimate and partition ET. The study was conducted in 2015 at Shiyanghe Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China (37°52’ N, 102°51’ E). The results showed the transpiration fraction varied from 0.64 to 0.91 by Iso-WB method and 0.52 to 0.91 by Iso-CG method, with a mean of 0.80 and 0.78 (±0.01), respectively, during the entire growing season of maize. However, the results calculated by Iso-WB were overestimated. The mean ET of maize were 3.95, 5.30 and 4.98 mm/d (±0.15 mm/d) during the earlier stage, middle stage and later stage. The results of ET showed that the transpiration rate of maize changed greatly with the seasons, showing a small transpiration rate at the early growth stage, and a slow decline in the later period. The ET determined by Iso-CG method was robust, but there could be some deviation in Iso-WB due to its measurement accuracy was relatively high and the calculation error was large. It indicated that it was relatively accurate to estimate and distinguish ET by using the Keeling plot and Criag-Gordon combined chamber system method. Compared with conventional methods, such as combining hydrometric measurements (e. g., sap flow) to estimate transpiration with other methods (e. g., weighing lysimeter measurements) to measure evaporation, the stable isotope based method had the advantages of high accuracy and controllability. For example, the calculation accuracy of the 2 isotope methods used in this study was about ± 0.15 mm/d. The study results not only provide valuable information for determining irrigation scheduling of maize farmland and improving water-use efficiency, but also have important significance for exploring deeply the field of oxygen isotope hydrology. Meanwhile, the isotope-based method has its limitations compared to other methods of scaling up from leaf level to canopy scale. The sources of error in this isotopic based methods study may come from the variability of isotopic signatures, weather conditions and sample size and time. Therefore, it is still a great challenge in ET estimation and partition. There are very few direct methods to measure isotopic composition of plant transpiration and soil evaporation. We expect that future refinement of methods will allow for accurate and continuous measurement of transpiration and evaporation isotopic composition. For some limitations of determining evaporation isotopic composition, we recommend that field experiments pay particular attention to sampling precision at the evaporation front in the surface soil and temperature.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Transpiration
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Evapotranspiration - Farms - Isotopes - Oxygen - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation accuracy - Continuous measurements - Conventional methods - Experimental stations - Hydrometric measurements - Irrigation scheduling - Isotopic composition - Stable oxygen isotopes
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20201608479765
Title:Rapid detection of African swine fever virus based on lateral flow nucleic acid assay
Title of translation:利用侧流核酸试纸条快速检测非洲猪瘟病毒
Authors:Wang, Zhiying (1); Yu, Wenjie (1); Xie, Ruibin (1); Qiao, Lu (1); Chen, Ailiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Ailiang(ailiang.chen@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:294-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:African swine fever virus (ASFV) was a devastating contagion of swine that could cause 100% mortality of infected animals. The outbreak of ASFV in China in 2019 had caused great economic losses in the pig industry. Therefore, simple and rapid diagnostic technology was highly needed for ASFV prevention. However, most of the current detection methods, such as protein-based technology and fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, required complicated and expensive instruments, as well as professional technicians. Isothermal amplification technology did not require complex instruments but needed expensive reagents, which also limited its widespread usage, especially for laboratories with limited resources. In order to meet the needs of laboratories with limited resources to detect ASFV, a new low-cost lateral flow nucleic acid assay (LFNAA) was developed by combining the traditional PCR technique and the colloid gold lateral flow technique. LFNAA could observe the test results with naked eyes. A unique tailed-primer was designed to avoid the need for complicated antigen-labeling and expensive antibody, thus the PCR could produce a double-stranded DNA product with a single-strand oligonucleotide tail at one end, then the PCR product could hybridize with a colloidal gold-labeled oligonucleotide capture probe. In the presence of the positive product, the biotin on the other end of the product would bind to the streptavidin pre-immobilized on the test line of the strip and formed a sandwich structure of "streptavidin-biotin-PCR product-oligonucleotide tail-gold-labeled capture probe", so the test line of the strip would show a red color to indicate the positive result. On the other hand, if there was no positive product in the sample, the test line would show no red color. So, the detection result could be judged by observing whether the test line has a red color. Besides, the excess gold-labeled capture probe would hybridize with the control probe on the control line, showing a red color as an assay valid control. As a verification of the assay specificity, the LFNAA system was used to identify the presence of ASFV in actual samples of CSFV, PRRSV, PCV1 and PCV2, PRV, PPV. The result showed that the LFNAA could specifically detect ASFV, which was consistent with the fluorescent quantitative PCR. And the sensitivity of the LFNAA was the same with the agarose gel electrophoresis, both could reach to 10<sup>3</sup> copies/μL. Therefore, the LFNAA can meet the requirements of rapid and sensitive ASFV identification with only a common PCR instrument. Its rapidity (<2 h), low-cost, and simple-operation are greatly suitable for the non-professionals in the laboratories with limited resources. LFNAA avoids the usage of the expensive antibody and the complicated process of AuNP-antibody conjugation. Furthermore, due to the generality of the technique, the more simple isothermal amplification technology is expected to replace the current PCR method to make it more convenient and simple, and realizes faster and easier field testing in food safety testing and medical diagnosis.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Polymerase chain reaction
Controlled terms:Antibodies - Coenzymes - Colloids - Color - Costs - Diagnosis - Electric current measurement - Electrophoresis - Fluorescence - Gold - Gold nanoparticles - Isotherms - Losses - Mammals - Oligonucleotides - Probes - Safety testing - Viruses
Uncontrolled terms:African swine fever virus - Agarose gel electrophoresis - Antibody conjugation - Diagnostic technologies - Double stranded DNA - Isothermal amplifications - Nucleic acid assays - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 547.1 Precious Metals - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 942.2 Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20201608479743
Title:Bearing compound fault diagnosis based on HHT algorithm and convolution neural network
Title of translation:采用HHT算法与卷积神经网络诊断轴承复合故障
Authors:Shi, Jie (1, 2); Wu, Xing (1); Liu, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming; 650201, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Xing(xingwu@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:34-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rolling bearing is an important part of agricultural machinery, its health directly affects the normal operation of the equipment. However, the vibration signal of the bearing is weak, has complex non-stationarity and nonlinearity. In actual working conditions, bearing fault usually exists on the form of compound faults. Therefore, it is of great significance to extract feature information and identify fault intelligently for bearing compound faults. This paper proposed a diagnosis method combining improved Hilbert-Huang transform (IHHT) and convolution neural network (CNN). Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) includes empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and hilbert transform, which can analyze signal according to its local time scaled characteristic, but there are also problems in HHT, such as mode mixing and false intrinsic mode function (IMF) components. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), which utilizes statistical characteristics of uniform frequency distribution of Gaussian white noise, can be used to control mode mixing in HHT, however, it is difficult to determine the amplitude of white noise in EEMD. In this paper, multiple population differential evolution (MPDE) algorithm was used to optimize the added white noise amplitude for the adaptive selection of parameters. For the problem of the false IMF component, the criterion of selecting sensitive IMF based on the minimum distance between IMF components and original signal was discussed, MPDE-EEMD and screening theory of sensitive IMF components was used to improve HHT in order to adaptively extract time-frequency characteristics of fault signal. In order to accurately to identify the health status of equipment, deep learning model based on the convolution neural network was used to realize the intelligent fault identification. Based on the AlexNet model, the CNN network model for rolling bearing fault diagnosis was constructed by traversing all possible combinations of models. For training network, the IHHT time-frequency diagram generated by training set was input into CNN to continuously update network parameters. Then the model was applied to testing set and output the fault identification result. Two different bearing faults experiments which contain single faults and compound faults were used to test the feasibility of the IHHT+CNN method. The experiment results showed that the diagnosis accuracy of IHHT+CNN method for single fault and compound fault was 100% and 99.74% respectively. In comparison with the BP neural network, discrete wavelet transform (DWT)+CNN and short-time fourier transform (STFT)+CNN, the results of the presented method in this paper showed more accurate than other diagnosis results, under the different experimental loads and conditions, the robustness of bearing fault diagnosis method was verified. Compared with other traditional diagnosis methods, IHHT+CNN reduced the dependence on prior knowledge and experience, and made bearing fault diagnosis more intelligent.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fault detection
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Convolution - Deep learning - Discrete wavelet transforms - Evolutionary algorithms - Failure analysis - Mixing - Neural networks - Optimization - Roller bearings - Signal processing - White noise
Uncontrolled terms:Convolution neural network - Empirical Mode Decomposition - Ensemble empirical mode decompositions (EEMD) - Improved Hilbert-Huang transforms - Intrinsic Mode functions - Short time Fourier transforms - Statistical characteristics - Time frequency characteristics
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.97e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20201608479784
Title:Transition process characteristics of centrifugal pump with power-off based on entropy production theory
Title of translation:采用熵产理论的离心泵断电过渡过程特性
Authors:Feng, Jianjun (1); Zhang, Yu (1); Zhu, Guojun (1); Li, Yunzhe (2); Li, Wenfeng (2); Luo, Xingqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Zhejiang FINE Institute of Hydraulic Machinery, Hangzhou; 311121, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Guojun(guojunzhu@xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:10-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, a transient numerical calculation method is established based on ANSYS CFX software and user-defined program, which can simulate the power-off runaway transient characteristics of a centrifugal pump. The variation rule of external characteristic parameters with time can be obtained through numerical calculations and compared with experimental data. The comparison of results show that the simulation results agree well with experimental results, the proposed numerical method has been therefore validated. During the power-off runaway transient process, the centrifugal pump system will successively undergo the pump condition, braking condition, turbine condition and runaway condition, with external characteristic varying significantly during the process. Internal flow structure is closely related to external characteristic and affects each other. The hydraulic loss due to friction and unstable flow patterns in the pump causes a drop in hydraulic efficiency. The traditional method for analyzing the hydraulic loss is by evaluating the total pressure drop, which has certain limitations and cannot determine the exact locations at which the high hydraulic loss occurs. In this study, entropy production theory has been adopted to obtain a detailed distribution of the hydraulic loss in the centrifugal pump. Through the use of the entropy production theory, the variation of the entropy production was obtained. The distribution of energy loss of flow components during this process is obtained by using the entropy generation theory, and the energy loss is analyzed. The results show that there is a clear correlation between the entropy production and the external characteristics of the centrifugal pump during the entire runaway process. The entropy production also undergoes dramatic changes at the moment of sudden changes in flow rate, rotational speed and torque. The main losses of the impeller, guide vanes and suction pipe are caused by turbulent dissipation, and the wall entropy production accounts for about 10%-15% of this total entropy production, which means the wall effect could not be ignored. However, the loss of the volute is mainly due to the strong wall effect in the near wall region, which is different from other three flow components, denoting the main loss generation mechanism is different. In addition, it is found that both the energy loss and variation range of the impeller and guide vanes are relatively larger than those of other flow components in the whole process. By analyzing the distribution of the local entropy production of the impeller and the vanes at different stages, it is intuitively obtained from the energy point of view that the high loss region of the internal flow field is the largest in the braking condition, and the high loss area fills the entire impeller flow path when the rotational speed drops to 0. The results obtained in this paper can improve the understanding of transient characteristics of a centrifugal pump during the power-off transient condition.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Entropy
Controlled terms:Centrifugal pumps - Drops - Energy dissipation - Hydraulic motors - Impellers - Numerical methods
Uncontrolled terms:External characteristic - Hydraulic efficiency - Internal flow structure - Numerical calculation - Numerical calculation methods - Transient characteristic - Transient conditions - Turbulent dissipation
Classification code:525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20201608479827
Title:Design and test of oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance
Title of translation:正多杆变隙式油葵脱粒装置设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Xuejun (1, 2); Ma, Shaoteng (1); Zhu, Xingliang (1, 2); Yuan, Panpan (1, 2); Yu, Mengjie (1, 2); Liu, Yu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory, Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:26-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The existing oil sunflower threshing device cannot meet the requirements of oil sunflower threshing under different conditions. Aiming at the problems of the low oil sunflower threshing rate and the high breaking rate during the threshing process, a threshing device of oil sunflower with variable clearance based on multi-bar mechanism is designed in this paper. The structure and the working principle of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance were introduced, and the mechanisms of kinematics of the clearance adjustment mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism of the structure of variable clearance concave screen were analyzed, the motion trajectory analysis and solution were performed to determine the structural parameters, the variable clearance range of the variable clearance concave sieve was 20-60 mm. A test bench of the oil-sunflower threshing device with variable clearance was developed. The threshing test was completed at the Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory of Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment. The test object was oil sunflower No. 31 with the disk diameter of 180-220 mm and the disk thickness of 25-40 mm, the weight of single sunflower disk was 300-380 g, the moisture content of the sunflower disk was 33%-38%. The test was performed according to the GB/T5982-2017 thresher test method and the DB37/T2878.2-2016 technical requirements. The orthogonal experiment of three factors and three levels was carried out, threshing rate and breaking rate were taken as the indexes and the cylinder speed, the threshing clearance as well as feed rate were the factors. The test results showed that during the threshing process, the factors that affect the oil sunflower threshing rate and breaking rate are threshing clearance, drum speed and feed rate. The optimal combination of operating parameters was that the threshing clearance 35 mm, the drum speed 280 r/min and the feed rate 1.8 kg/s. Through the analysis of variance, it was concluded that the threshing clearance had a very significant effect on the oil sunflower threshing rate and breaking rate, the drum speed was significant, and the feed amount was not significant. Multiple repeated tests were performed under a better combination of operating parameters. The test results showed that the average threshing rate of oil sunflower was 99.01%, and the breaking rate was 2.28%, which met the national standards that the threshing rate greater than 98 % and the breaking rate less than 5%. The better operating parameters of this study are only applicable to the material conditions tested in this paper, but the oil sunflower harvesting operations are complicated, and the factors such as oil sunflower varieties, moisture content, and output are also different. Adjusting the diameter of the threshing concave plate sieve, changing the threshing clearance and other working parameters is to meet the requirements of oil sunflower threshing under different conditions. The research results can provide reference for the design of subsequent oil sunflower threshing device.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Sunflower oil
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Moisture - Moisture determination - Sieves
Uncontrolled terms:Adjustment mechanisms - Harvesting operations - Motion trajectories - Operating parameters - Optimal combination - Orthogonal experiment - Structural parameter - Technical requirement
Classification code:804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.00e-01kg to 3.80e-01kg, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.80e+00kg/s, Percentage 2.28e+00%, Percentage 3.30e+01% to 3.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.80e+02RPM, Size 1.80e-01m to 2.20e-01m, Size 2.00e-02m to 6.00e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 3.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20201608479753
Title:Effects of urea concentration on summer maize growth and yield with sprinkler fertigation
Title of translation:尿素浓度对喷灌夏玉米生长和产量的影响
Authors:Zhao, Weixia (1); Zhang, Meng (1); Li, Jiusheng (1); Li, Yanfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jiusheng(lijs@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:98-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The direct absorption of leaf to urea is one of the main potential factors improving the nitrogen use efficiency with sprinkler fertigation. To verify the feasibility of sprinkler fertigation for summer maize, the crop growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area index (LAI), leave relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, and yield were compared among sprinkler fertigation treatments with different urea concentrations and the comparison treatment of surface irrigation with broadcast fertilization (CK). This experiment was conducted at the experimental station of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research in Daxing District, Beijing City (39.65°N and 116.25°E) in 2017 and 2018. Five solution concentrations of 0.048%, 0.105%, 0.146%, 0.178%, and 0.312% in 2017 and 0.090%, 0.146%, 0.188%, 0.219%, and 0.292% in 2018 (referred to as N1, N2, N3, N4, and N5) were used in the sprinkler fertigation of summer maize. The corresponding total N application amount in these 5 treatments was 170, 215, 248, 273, and 380 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2017 and 170, 215, 215, 248, and 273 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in 2018, respectively. There were 6 treatments in total, and all the treatments had 3 replicates and the same irrigation schedules. The irrigation was triggered when the difference between cumulative crop water requirement and effective rainfall was not less than 20 mm. In 2017 season, the effective rainfall was 175 mm and the irrigation amount was 70 mm. Because the precipitation (200 mm) mainly happened after the elongation stage of summer maize, the irrigation amount 150 mm was applied in 2018 season. The fertilization was applied in the flare opening stage of summer maize. The results showed that the SPAD increased in all the treatments after the fertilization, while there were no significant differences in plant height and SPAD among sprinkler fertigation treatments. There were great inter-annual variations in urea concentration effects on leaf area index (LAI) and yield. The yield of N2 treatment (12.5 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) was significantly greater than treatments with higher urea concentrations in 2017. In these two seasons, the greatest yield of summer maize was obtained in treatment with 215 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was consistent with the N application amount recommended by soil testing and fertilization recommendation technology. After the sprinkler fertigation, the influences of leave absorption to urea on PSII photosystem activity and photochemical efficiency of plant had relationship with SPAD content. In 2017 season with high SPAD value, photosystem activity and photochemical efficiency decreased firstly and then increased. When the urea concentration was less than and equal to 0.146%, the decreasing of photosystem activity and photochemical efficiency happened on the 1st day after the fertigation. While it lasted until 3 to 5 days for treatments with urea concentration greater than and equal to 0.178%. In 2018 season with low SPAD value, photosystem activity and photochemical efficiency increased firstly and then kept constant in all the treatments like in CK treatment in these two seasons. Compared with CK treatment, the sprinkler fertigation treatments with less N application than CK had similar yield and water use efficiency, and significant greater partial factor productivity from applied N. These results demonstrated that the sprinkler fertigation was feasible and had the potential to save N fertilizer and sustain yield of summer maize. To develop the sprinkler fertigation schedule, the nitrogen amount could be calculated according to soil testing and fertilization recommendation technology.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Controlled terms:Chlorophyll - Crops - Efficiency - Metabolism - Plants (botany) - Rain - Soil testing - Urea - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll fluorescence - Crop water requirements - Experimental stations - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Partial factor productivity - Photochemical efficiency - Recommendation technologies - Solution concentration
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-03yr to 1.37e-02yr, Percentage 1.05e-01%, Percentage 1.46e-01%, Percentage 1.78e-01%, Percentage 1.88e-01%, Percentage 2.02e+03%, Percentage 2.19e-01%, Percentage 2.92e-01%, Percentage 3.12e-01%, Percentage 4.80e-02%, Percentage 9.00e-02%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 1.75e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20201608479790
Title:Effects of band width on estimation of wheat LAI using vegetation index
Title of translation:波段宽度对利用植被指数估算小麦LAI的影响
Authors:Huang, Ting (1); Liang, Liang (1); Geng, Di (1); Li, Li (2); Wang, Lijuan (1); Wang, Shuguo (1); Luo, Xiang (3); Yang, Minhua (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geography Surveying and Urban-Rural Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou; 221000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330000, China; (4) School of Geoscience and Information Physics, Central South University, Changsha; 410083, China
Corresponding author:Liang, Liang(liangliang198119@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:168-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To improve the accuracy and universality of the inversion model of the leaf area index, on the one hand, many researchers constantly optimized inversion algorithm, on the other hand, they were committed to analyzing the influence of interference factors such as soil background, soil type, observation geometry and hot spot effected on the inversion process of leaf area index. Band width is generally considered as an important factor affecting the inversion of vegetation parameters. However, there were few studies on the influence of band width on estimating leaf area index. To optimize the selection of vegetation indices based on the type of remote sensing data, the influence of different band widths on the inversion model established by vegetation index was analyzed. Firstly, the spectral reflectance of different band widths was simulated by the measured wheat spectral data set. The initial band width was set to 5 nm and gradually increased to 80 nm in 5 nm steps. On this basis, 28 vegetation indices commonly used for inversion of leaf area indices, such as SR<inf>[800680]</inf>, NDCI and Carte2, were calculated. To select the vegetation index with greater potential to estimate the leaf area index, the mean value of the coefficient of determination was used as a prediction accuracy measure, and 14 vegetation indices such as OSAVI2, Carte3 and SR<inf>[800680]</inf> were screened out. Then, by analyzing the sensitivity of 14 indices and variation of coefficient of determination to band widths, the influence of band widths on the accuracy of the leaf area index estimated by vegetation indices was discussed. The results indicated that the band width was one of the important factors that affected the accuracy of the inversion of the leaf area index, and the influence of band width on vegetation indices was inconsistent. According to the trend of coefficient determination, the indices were divided into three categories: (1) coefficient of determination of inversion models built by vegetation indices decreased with the increase of band width. This type of indices included OSAVI2, NDVI, SR<inf>[752690]</inf>, SR<inf>[750700]</inf> and Carte2, which was called narrow-band vegetation index. (2) coefficient of determination rose first and then falls with the increase of band width, and the change curve had an obvious peak value, which was called the mid-band vegetation index. This type of indices included Datt3, SR<inf>[800680]</inf> and NDVI<inf>705</inf>. (3) coefficient of determination rose with the increase of band width, which was called broad-band vegetation index. This type of indices included SR<inf>[750,550]</inf>, SR<inf>[675,700]</inf>, SR<inf>[750,710]</inf> and RI<inf>1dB</inf>; (4) coefficient of determination of the models built by Carte3 and Carte4 showed a trend of first decreasing, then rising followed by declining, the accuracy of estimating leaf area index was stable at different band widths, and difference between the maximum and minimum of coefficient of determination was less than 0.003, so the influence of the band width on this type of vegetation indices could be ignored. The results of this study indicated that when using vegetation index for inversion of leaf area index, we should also comprehensively consider channel width and spectral resolution of the sensor to select the best vegetation index. Furthermore, when the band width increased from 5 nm to 80 nm, the precision of the leaf area index inversion model of built by narrow-band vegetation index was higher with the narrower band width, and this type of indices was more suitable for hyperspectral remote sensing data. The optimal band width of the mid-band vegetation index was about 35 nm, and this type of indices was more suitable for remote sensing data with medium resolution. The precision of the leaf area index inversion model built by broad-band vegetation index was higher with the wider band width, and this type of indices had better application potential in multispectral remote sensing data. This research provided the basis for the selection of indices using different spectral resolution sensors data during estimation of leaf area index, and screening vegetation indices for wheat leaf area index inversion.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:45
Main heading:Vegetation
Controlled terms:Forestry - Remote sensing - Sensitivity analysis - Spectral resolution
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Hyperspectral remote sensing data - Inversion algorithm - Multispectral remote sensing - Narrow band vegetation indices - Prediction accuracy - Spectral reflectances - Vegetation parameters
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.50e-08m, Size 5.00e-09m, Size 5.00e-09m to 8.00e-08m, Size 8.00e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20201608479762
Title:Effect of steam explosion on adsorption properties of ginger fiber
Title of translation:蒸汽闪爆处理对生姜纤维吸附性能的影响
Authors:Wei, Shijin (1); Luo, Guiqing (1); Liu, Linyun (1); Xu, Helan (1); Hou, Xiuliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Xiuliang(houxiuliang@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:316-322
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ginger fiber(GF) is not suitable for textile due to its coarseness and it is usually disposed as wastes. This paper introduces a technology to make ginger fiber a valuable adsorbent of dyes in dyeing wastewater. The new technology is to explode the ginger fiber first by steam, and then frozen and disintegrate it to powder. We investigated the impact of a variety of factors in processing the ginger fiber on its ability to adsorb the dye RB19 in dyeing wastewater, which included the conditions under which the stream explosion was conducted, concentration of NaCl, and pH value. The surface morphologies and crystallization indexes of the ginger fiber before and after steam explosion were analyzed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the improved adsorption of ginger fiber after steam explosion. Experimental results showed that steam explosion conducted under pressure1.9 MPa and lasting 150 s increased the adsorption from 48.80 to 115.12 mg/g. It was also found that several RB19 molecules aggregated to an ellipsoid with three axes: 33.4 Å×11.4 Å×8.8 Å. Breaking the ginger fiber surface enhanced the movement of RB19 molecules into the exploded ginger fiber powder(EGFP) and steam explosion made EGFP much richer in GF than in crystal index (CI). Increasing the pressure under which the steam explosion was conducted from 1.3 to 1.9 MPa reduced CI in EGFP from 35% to 20%, indicated that the steam explosion opened the amorphous region in the ginger fiber and that the expansion increased with pressure. As such, it enhanced the adsorption of RB19. The increased adsorption was mainly due to the broken surface. In addition, EGFP became small particles with a diameter of 80 μm, thereby enlarging the pores. Such structural changes made it easy for the dye molecules to move into the amorphous region of EGFP and improved its adsorption consequently. The steam explosion also increased the adsorbing rate, reducing the time required from the adsorption to reach equilibrium from 12 h to 8 h. The adsorption of RB 19 by the processed ginger fiber followed a second-order kinetic and the Langmuir thermodynamic model. After five cycles of adsorption-desorption, the adsorption capacity of the ginger fiber was still 80% of its original capacity. It is concluded that that steam explosion can effectively improve the adsorption capacity of ginger fiber. As a biomass adsorbent, EGFP can not only ameliorate the detrimental impact of dyeing wastewater on environmental but also turns a waste into a decontaminant amendment. It has potential applications in environmental engineering.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Food additives
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Dyeing - Explosions - Fibers - High pressure effects - Molecules - Sodium chloride - Steam
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Adsorption desorption - Adsorption properties - Amorphous regions - Crystal indices - Dyeing wastewater - Second order kinetics - Thermodynamic model
Classification code:802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.50e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Pressure 1.30e+06Pa to 1.90e+06Pa, Size 8.00e-05m, Time 1.50e+02s, Time 4.32e+04s to 2.88e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20201608479735
Title:Detection of peanut kernel quality based on machine vision and adaptive convolution neural network
Title of translation:采用机器视觉与自适应卷积神经网络检测花生仁品质
Authors:Zhang, Siyu (1); Zhang, Qiuju (1); Li, Ke (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechainical Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ke(like@jiangnan.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:269-277
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional image recognition, including low accuracy and relying on experienced staff, a peanut kernel quality detection method based on machine vision and adaptive convolutional neural network (DAL-ACNN) is proposed in this paper. An image acquisition system was built to obtain the color images of peanuts which included normal peanuts, broken peanuts, shriveled peanuts and mildew peanuts, and a black background was selected in the system. Then, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on Alexnet was selected to automatically extract and detect the peanut defects. To improve the accuracy and generalization of detection, it is necessary to optimize the existed network. Firstly, the key of the stochastic gradient descent is the choice of the learning rate, which directly influences the convergence speed and testing accuracy of the network. In this paper, an adaptive learning rate based on the changes in the loss and the weight was proposed, respectively. A larger learning rate was obtained to accelerate convergence in the initial training stage, and a smaller learning rate produced due to a higher accuracy in the later of network, which can avoid the oscillation. In the process of parameters update, a quadratic function was introduced to the loss to combine with the adaptive learning rate based on loss change for parameters update, and a normal distribution model was introduced to combine with the adaptive learning rate based on weight change to further update parameters. Secondly, to improve the generalization performance of the model, the domain adaption learning (DAL) for transfer learning was joined to the network. A domain classifier was introduced behind the feature layer, which can measure the difference of feature distribution between domains by the domain classification loss, and minimize difference of feature distribution by the marginal distribution adaption loss. A conditional distribution adaptation was introduced behind the Softmax layer, which can measure and adjust the category distribution difference by the conditional distribution adaption loss. These losses for domain adaption learning were optimized by backpropagation, which can locally and globally adjust the distribution to minimize the difference between domains, then the source domain information was migrated to the target domain, so the network trained on source data can also perform well on target data. The loss of marginal distribution adaption and conditional distribution adaption were combined with the classification loss to form the loss of the proposed model. The loss of conditional distribution adaption and classification were used to update the parameters by the adaptive learning rate based on loss change, and the marginal distribution adaption loss was used to further update the feature parameters by the adaptive learning rate based on weight change. The additional domain classifier parameter was updated by the adaptive learning rate based on domain classification loss variation. Finally, to verify the proposed method, the background above was seen as source domain, and a white background was selected as target domain. The parameters trained on source domain were used to initialize the proposed model, the source data and target data were taken as input to train the model. The result showed that the average accuracy for peanut detection in the target domain was 99.7%. And a higher convergence and accuracy generated by comparing with the traditional CNN at different learning rates and training sample sizes. To further prove the performance of the proposed approach, it was compared with the classic VGGNet, GoogLeNet, ResNet and DenseNet, which produced a satisfactory result.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Transfer learning
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Computer vision - Convolution - Convolutional neural networks - Gradient methods - Image recognition - Learning systems - Normal distribution - Oilseeds - Optimization - Stochastic systems
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive learning rates - Conditional distribution - Convolution neural network - Generalization performance - Image acquisition systems - Marginal distribution - Normal distribution model - Stochastic gradient descent
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.97e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20201608479772
Title:Selecting planting date and cultivar for high yield and water use efficiency of potato across the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China
Title of translation:农牧交错带马铃薯高产和水分高效利用的播期和品种选择
Authors:Li, Yang (1); Wang, Jing (1); Tang, Jianzhao (2); Ma, Xueqing (1); Pan, Xuebiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Engineering Technology Research Center, Geographic Information Development and Application of Hebei, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050011, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jing(wangj@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Potato is one of the staple food crops across the agro-pastoral ecotone (APE) in North China under rainfed condition. High and stable yield of potato is of significance for ensuring food security in the APE. The combination of planting date and cultivar should be selected according to different hydrothermal year types due to long potential planting time and high inter-annual variation of hydrothermal conditions during the potato growth period in the APE. To investigate the suitable combination of planting date and cultivar for rainfed potato under different hydrothermal conditions, field experiments were conducted under warm-dry (2017) and warm-wet (2018) year types. Each year included three planting dates and cultivars: early- (April 26/27), middle- (May 15/16) and late (June 02/03) planting combined with early- (Favorita), middle- (Connibeck), and late (Kexin_1) maturing potato cultivars. The experiment results were used to compare the length of the growing period, fresh yield and water productively of potato under different combinations of planting dates and cultivars. The optimal combination of planting date and cultivar was determined according to both high yield and water productivity of potato during different year types. Moreover, the study revealed the impact mechanism of change in planting date and cultivar on yield and water productivity of potato and the yield-determining factors of rainfed potato were investigated by conducting the relationship between yield and main meteorological factors during different growth periods of potato. The study results showed that change of plating date and cultivar had significant interactive impacts on phenology, yield and water productivity. The shortest growing period of potato was only 90 d under late-planting of early-maturing cultivar while the longest growing period of potato reached 138 d under early-planting of late-maturing cultivar. The time of potato growing period had a negative correlation with mean temperature (P<0.01). Mean growing period effective thermal time more than 2℃ for early-, middle- and late-maturing cultivars were 1 691.5, 1 772.6 and 1 944.6℃•d, respectively. The delay of planting date would accelerate the emergence rate and shorten the time from planting to tuberization for each combination. However, the time from tuberization to maturity did not change significantly with the change in planting date. There were different combinations of planting date and cultivar under different year types. In the warm-dry year, average yield across all the planting dates and cultivars was 6 187.3 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Early-maturing variety ‘Favorita’ under early to middle planting could alleviate the water stress during potato growing period, and had higher fresh yield and water productivity than other combinations. Average fresh yield across all the planting dates and cultivars was 19 390 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Planting late-maturing variety ‘Kexin_1’ on middle May could achieve the highest yield and water productivity of 23 103.9 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 6.8 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively in the warm-wet year. Optimal combination of planting date and cultivar could reduce the water stress during potato growth period and increase the yield and water productivity of potato under different year types. The correlation analysis of yield-climate relationship showed that precipitation from tuberization to maturity had the highest positive correlation with potato yield (P<0.01), and could explain 87% of the variation of potato yield. Our study could provide a scientific reference for choosing the optimal combinations of planting date and cultivar for potato under different hydrothermal year types.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Food supply - Productivity
Uncontrolled terms:Agro-pastoral ecotones - Correlation analysis - Hydrothermal conditions - Interannual variation - Meteorological factors - Positive correlations - Scientific references - Water use efficiency
Classification code:821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 6.80e+00kg/m3, Percentage 8.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20201608479823
Title:Spatio-temporal change of landscape ecological quality and influencing factors based on four-quadrant model in overlapped area of cropland and coal production
Title of translation:基于四象限模型煤粮复合区景观生态质量时空变化及影响因素
Authors:Ma, Shouchen (1); Xie, Fangfang (1); Ding, Cui (1, 2); Zhang, Hebing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surverying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) Henan Geological Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Technology Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou; 450000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:259-268
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The overlapped area of cropland and coal production is an important region in the national security strategy system, which is related to the country's food security, energy security and ecological security. In this area, coal mining continuously changes the function and process of the original agricultural landscape ecosystem by influencing the landscape pattern of the area, and the analysis of the landscape ecological quality and its influencing factors has important theoretical significance and practical value for the ecological governance of the mining area. The overlapped area of cropland and coal production of Zhaogu coal mine in Huixian city of Henan province was taken as the research area, and the administrative village was the evaluation unit. This study comprehensively evaluated the landscape ecological quality of the research area by using the four-quadrant model. The results showed that: 1) under the influence of coal mining activities and land ecological regulation, the cultivated land area of the study area generally presented a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2008 to 2016, and the cultivated land was mainly transferred to construction land and water area. The construction land increased first and then decreased, and the construction land was mainly transferred to water area and cultivated land. 2) The landscape stability index of the study area first decreased and then increased, while the landscape disturbance index first increased and then decreased. 3) The landscape ecological quality of the study area presented the change characteristics of "good-bad-good" on the time scale. In 2008, in the initial stage of mine construction and mining, the landscape ecological quality of the study area was better as a whole. In 2011, the degree of landscape disturbance increased and the degree of stability decreased with the increase of mining activities, resulting in the decline of regional landscape ecological quality. After 2014, large-scale land ecological reclamation increased the land utilization rate of the research area. The large area of water area formed by mining subsidence improved the regional landscape structure and the stability of the landscape system. Therefore, the landscape ecological quality of the research area showed a trend of improvement. 4) On the spatial scale, under the influence of mining activities and subsequent land reclamation, the landscape ecological quality of the villages near the mining area showed a change trend of first getting worse and then getting better, while the villages far away from the mining area showed a trend of slight deterioration. In general, the number and area of the villages with excellent quality increased in 2016, while the number and area of the villages with poor quality decreased compared with 2011. However, compared with 2008, the number and area of the villages with excellent quality were still smaller, while the number and area of the villages with poor quality were still larger in 2016, which indicated that although the landscape ecological quality of the research area had improved, it has not yet recovered to the level of landscape ecological quality before the disturbance.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Coal - Coal mines - Cutting machines (mining) - Deterioration - Ecology - Energy security - Food supply - Land reclamation - Land use - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural landscapes - Degree of stability - Ecological quality - Ecological security - Landscape disturbance - Regional landscapes - Security strategies - Spatio-temporal changes
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.6 Energy Policy - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20201608479836
Title:Classification of land use in farming areas based on feature optimization random forest algorithm
Title of translation:基于特征优选随机森林算法的农耕区土地利用分类
Authors:Wang, Lijuan (1); Kong, Yuru (1); Yang, Xiaodong (2); Xu, Yi (1); Liang, Liang (1); Wang, Shuguo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography, Geomatics and Planning, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou; 221116, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:4
Issue date:February 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:244-250
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Classification of land use plays an important role in many aspects such as dynamic monitoring, planning, and management, rational land development and protection. At present, with the gradual acceleration of urbanization in China, the area of construction land is increasing and that of cultivated land is decreasing instead. As a result, it is of great significance to obtain the land use classification information of farming areas accurately and timely for the rational planning of agricultural land resources. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have been widely used in the research of land use classification. Among them, the random forest algorithm (RF) has the characteristics of high classification accuracy, strong ability to deal with multi-dimensional data variables, fast training, and prediction speed. And it is widely used in the research of land use classification. However, the participation of multiple feature variables in the classification will lead to information redundancy, over-fitting of the RF and classification accuracy reduction. Therefore, this study used Sentinel-2 data with high spatial resolution and abundant spectral information and used the RF based on feature optimization to carry out land use classification research in agricultural areas. First, Sentinel-2 data was used to generate four basic feature variables, which were spectral features, vegetation indices without the red-edge band, red-edge indices and texture features. Then, the spectral features were screened by the optimum index factor (OIF), vegetation indices and texture features were both selected by the method of the principal component analysis. After that, the method of mean decrease in accuracy (MDA) was applied to evaluate the importance of the above feature variables, and six feature combination schemes were constructed, which were combined with field survey data for RF classification. Finally, by comparing the accuracy of six different combination schemes, the best combination of feature variables was selected. And the classification results of the RF and support vector machine (SVM) of the best combination were compared to verify the practicability of RF in agricultural land use classification. The results were as follows: (1) To avoid the degradation of classification performance caused by "curse of dimensionality", this study used OIF and principal component analysis to optimize the features. The results showed that this method was effective and significantly improved the classification accuracy of land use types in agricultural areas; (2) The four basic feature variables were sorted by feature importance, indicating that the importance of different features was as follows: red-edge indices > vegetation indices without red-edge band > spectral features > texture features; (3) The comparison of the classification results of 7 experimental schemes revealed that by adding vegetation indices, texture features, and other information, the classification accuracy of land use could be effectively improved. Besides, based on feature optimization, the RF algorithm had the highest classification accuracy, and the overall accuracy was 88. 24%, Kappa coefficient was 0.84, which was better than SVM classification results under the same feature variables. In a word, the RF based on feature optimization which was proposed in this study provided a new method to effectively improve the accuracy of land use classification in farming areas, and technical support and theoretical reference for land resource monitoring and management.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Decision trees - Land use - Natural resources - Principal component analysis - Random forests - Support vector machines - Textures - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Classification accuracy - Classification performance - Classification results - Curse of dimensionality - High spatial resolution - Information redundancies - Landuse classifications - Random forest algorithm
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.40e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.04.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
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