<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20201708503677
Title:Rapid recognition of potato late blight based on machine vision
Title of translation:基于机器视觉的马铃薯晚疫病快速识别
Authors:Dang, Manyi (1); Meng, Qingkui (1); Gu, Fang (1); Gu, Biao (2); Hu, Yaohua (1, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Yaohua(huyaohua@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:193-200
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Late blight is a serious disease that occurs of potato, which can reduce the yield and even kill the crop. Therefore, the recognition and control of potato late blight is of important practical significance to improve potato yield. Based on machine vision technology, a rapid recognition method of potato late blight was proposed in this paper. According to the different characteristics of the color, texture and shape of late blight on the potato leaves, the characteristic parameters of the lesion areas on leaves were extracted, and the mathematical model was established to evaluate the disease. The potato leaves of Xiazhai No.8 were selected and inoculated with phytophthora infestans in the artificial climate chamber. The image information of potato leaves was collected by image acquisition system, and the collected images were preprocessed by median filtering algorithm, eliminating noise interference while retaining more complete leaf color information. The Grab Cut algorithm was used to separate the foreground and background of the image and extract the image of the potato leaf. The image was binarized by the OTSU method, and the lesion information was initially extracted. In order to remove the noise in the image and make the edge of the extracted lesion smoother, the open operation was selected. For the recognition based on color features, in the RGB and HSV color spaces, according to the change of leaf color of potato leaves in early stage of disease, the disease-free and disease model of potato blight was established by using color features. The correct recognition rate of the model in early stage of disease was 67.5%. For the recognition based on texture features, using the gray level co-occurrence matrix and the statistical parameters of texture features to evaluate the disease level, using entropy and energy values to describe whether the potato leaves were in the late stage of disease, using contrast ratio and entropy to judge the disease degree, the recognition rate of texture feature to the disease was relatively stable, and the recognition rate of middle and late stage of disease was more than 70%. For recognition based on shape features, using the relative characteristics of the shape features, i.e. the area ratio of the lesions to judge whether the late blight was, and the recognition rate was as high as 90%. Traditionally, the judgment of potato late blight mainly depends on human eyes, which is difficult to quantify the degree of leaf disease, and requires experienced disease diagnosis experts, often misdiagnosed, missed diagnosis, and it takes a long time to detect the pathological value of potato late blight, but using machine vision to detect potato late blight is relatively fast and accurate. The comparative test results show that the recognition time for potato late blight based on color features was about 4 s, the recognition time based on texture feature was 7 s, the recognition time based on shape feature was 3 s, and the recognition time for comprehensive color texture shape features was 9 s due to the large amount of calculation. This study provides a reference for the real-time detection of potato late blight, realizes the accurate identification of the disease when it appears, and achieves the purpose of timely detection and control of late blight<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Diagnosis
Controlled terms:Color - Computer vision - Disease control - Entropy - Information filtering - Median filters - Plants (botany) - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial climate chamber - Detection and controls - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - Image acquisition systems - Median filtering algorithm - Phytophthora infestans - Real-time detection - Statistical parameters
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 703.2 Electric Filters - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.75e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Time 3.00e+00s, Time 4.00e+00s, Time 7.00e+00s, Time 9.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20201708503692
Title:Development of trellis-type grape winter buried soil clearing and cold-proof cloth recycling machine
Title of translation:篱架式葡萄藤冬季埋土清除与防寒布回收机研制
Authors:Niu, Cong (1); Xu, Liming (1); Duan, Zhuangzhuang (1); Liu, Xingxing (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Wang, Shuoshuo (1); Yuan, Xunteng (1); Zeng, Jian (1); Chen, Chen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:50-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In Xinjiang region of China, the grape cultivation area needs to take soil buried cold-proof operation in winter to make the vines safely overwinter. However, the single soil buried cold-proof operation brings great difficulties to the subsequent soil clearing operations, such as incomplete soil mechanical clearing and low operation efficiency. The vineyards headed by Xinjiang change the cold-proof mode, and the cold-proof cloth is used to assist in soil buried cold-proof operation, which can play a better effect of heat preservation and moisture conservation and provide the possibility for complete soil clearing. But at the same time, there are some problems such as difficulty in recycling cold-proof cloth. In view of the problems in the above-mentioned soil clearing operation and the agricultural requirements of the trellis-type grape planting, combined with the operation requirements of the grape soil clearing under the cold-proof cloth assisted soil-buried mode, this paper designed the grape winter buried soil clearing and cold-proof cloth recycling machine, which is composed of a frame, a soil clearing component, a cloth recycling component and a hydraulic system, etc. This paper explained the structure and working principle of each part of the machine in detail, and analyzed the structure and parameters of key components. The tensile performance test of the cold-proof cloth used for one year was carried out to verify the feasibility of the cold-proof cloth recycling. The result showed that the tensile strength of the old cold-proof cloth was lower than that of the new cold-proof cloth, and the warp tensile strength was better than the across, but it was not enough to affect its recycling, based on this the correct direction of the cold-proof cloth using was determined, and the basis for the design of cloth recycling component was provided. Discrete element software EDEM was used to carry out simulation test of soil clearing operation. The simulation model consisted of soil ridge and soil clearing component modes in EDEM software. The soil clearing distance was used as the evaluation index of soil clearing effect, and the experimental factors were the curvature radius of the working face of the scraper, the blade numbers of the soil clearing impeller and its rotation rate. Under the condition of 2 km/h, the three-factor five-level simulation orthogonal test was carried out. The results showed that the order of influence of three factors on soil cleaning distance was that curvature radius, blade number and rotation rate. According to the variance analysis of test result, the curvature radius was the significant influencing factor, the blade number and rotation rate were the non-influencing factors, and the optimal parameter combination was that the curvature radius was 680 mm, the blade number was 4, the rotation rate was 500 r/min, and the clearing distance was 294.27 mm. The prototype was processed and the field verification test was carried out based on the optimal parameter combination. The test results showed that the soil clearing distance was 271 mm, and the relative error with the simulation test results was 8%. The buried soil was basically cleaned and the damage to the vines and the cold-proof cloth was small. The operation efficiency of the machine was more than 10 times of the manual soil clearing efficiency. This study can provide a new development idea for the operation of buried soil clearing in Xinjiang regions of China, and provide reference for the development of follow-up grape soil clearing machinery.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Cold working - Cultivation - Efficiency - Hydraulic equipment - Machine components - Moisture control - Recycling - Rotation - Software testing - Soils - Tensile strength - Well pumps
Uncontrolled terms:Clearing operation - Experimental factors - Field verifications - Moisture conservation - Operation efficiencies - Optimal parameter combinations - Tensile performance - Variance analysis
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 535.2 Metal Forming - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+02RPM, Size 2.71e-01m, Size 2.94e-01m, Size 6.80e-01m, Velocity 5.56e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20201708503643
Title:Design and experiment of spiral disturbance cone centrifugal fertilizer apparatus
Title of translation:螺旋扰动锥体离心式排肥器设计与试验
Authors:Liu, Xiaodong (1, 2); Ding, Youchun (1, 2); Shu, Caixia (1, 2); Liu, Weipeng (1, 2); Wang, Kaiyang (1, 2); Du, Chaoqun (1, 2); Wang, Xuping (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Youchun(kingbug163@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The problem of environmental pollution caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers has seriously restricted the sustainable development of green-oriented agriculture in China. Quantitative and uniform mechanized fertilization as an important measure to improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers has become an important way to solve agricultural environmental pollution. In this paper, a spiral disturbance cone centrifugal chemical fertilizer apparatus was designed to solve the problem of precision fertilization due to the insufficient fluency and stability of the fertilizer apparatus fertilizing processes and insufficient uniformity of fertilizer discharge. First of all, the design principles and working principles of the fertilizer apparatus is illustrated. Then the structural parameters of the spirally disturbance cup and curved cone disk are designed, based on the physical and mechanical properties of the granular fertilizer and the requirement of fertilization for rapeseed sowing. Moreover, fluency, uniformity and stability of the fertilizing performance are verified by bench test and field test. The SINO-AGRI fertilizer, STANLEY fertilizer and EZHONG fertilizer are respectively used as experimental materials to carry out the bench test of the fertilizer apparatus. The rotational speed of cone disc measured by SW6234C laser speedometer, there are total 6 levels, are 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130 r/min. Coefficient of variation of fertilizing amount consistency in every row, the coefficient of variation of fertilizing amount stability and coefficient of fertilizing amount consistency in same row are used as the evaluation index in the bench test for evaluating fluency, uniformity and stability of the fertilizing performance. The test results of bench show that the variation coefficient of fertilizing amount in every row of three compound fertilizers is below 11.5%. The coefficient of variation of fertilizing stability under chemical fertilizer conditions with different rotational speeds and physical and mechanical properties is below 6.3%, and the variation coefficient of fertilizing amount in same row is above 93%. Therefore, the fertilizer apparatus meets the quality requirements of fertilizer discharge. Meanwhile, variation coefficient of fertilizing amount in every row is 9.82% when the rotational speed of cone is low and the fertilizer apparatus is tilted, that means that the fertilizer apparatus still has better fertilizing performance in the inclined state. The adaptability applied to a narrow-width fertilizing machine of less than 8 rows is weak. The cone disc is successively rotated through the 1 to 8 row of fertilizer tube. When the rotational speed of cone disc is low, the next discharge tube of the blocked fertilizer pipe has a larger amount of fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer in the other fertilizer pipes is basically the same, and the difference in the amount of fertilizer discharged from each row of fertilizer pipes is small. While the rotational speed of cone disc is high, the previous discharge tube of blocked has a larger amount of fertilizer, the difference between the fertilizing amount of this discharge tube and other discharge tube is larger, the amount of fertilizer in the other fertilizer tube is basically same. Furthermore, the field test was carried out to verify the fertilizing performance of the spiral disturbance cone centrifugal fertilizer apparatus. The results of field experiment show that the variation coefficient of fertilizing amount in every row is below 7.9%, the coefficient of variation of fertilizing stability is below 5.3%, the variation coefficient of fertilizing amount in same row is above 93.5%. This research provides effective technical support for chemical fertilizer reduction and precision fertilization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Centrifugation - Chemical stability - Gas discharge tubes - Mechanical properties - Pollution - Speed - Sustainable development - Testing - Tubes (components)
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Environmental pollutions - Experimental materials - Physical and mechanical properties - Precision fertilizations - Quality requirements - Structural parameter - Variation coefficient
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 6.30e+00%, Percentage 7.90e+00%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.30e+02RPM
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20201708503684
Title:Effects of diesel-aviation kerosene wide distillation blend fuels on combustion process and emission characteristics of diesel engines
Title of translation:柴油-航空煤油宽馏程混合燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响
Authors:Wang, Jian (1); An, Meisheng (1); Yin, Bifeng (1); Wang, Bin (1); Chen, Pei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:79-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Limited by the non-uniform fuel-air mixture in the cylinder, there exists "trade-off" relationship between soot and NO<inf>X</inf> emissions for diesel engines. Studies showed that fuel properties have important impacts on diesel engine performance. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve the combustion process and reduce emissions of diesel engines by changing and designing fuel properties. In order to investigate the effects of diesel-kerosene wide distillation blended fuels on diesel engines, three kinds of wide distillation blended mixed fuels with different physical and chemical properties of diesel and RP3 were prepared,that were D80K20 (80% diesel and 20% aviation kerosene (RP3) by volume), D60K40 (60% diesel and 40% aviation kerosene (RP3) by volume) and D40K60 (40% diesel and 60% aviation kerosene (RP3) by volume) in this research. The engine bench test was carried out in a single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with electronic unit pump. During the test, engine speed was controlled to be constant at 2700 r/min, engine load ratio was 100%, 50% and 10% of the full loads (respectively represented heavy, medium and light load conditions and marked as working conditions A, B, C). Fuel injection tim and injection duration remained unchanged when the test diesel engine was fueled with different fuels at the same load condition. In-cylinder pressure, exhaust emissions, particulate concentration and particulate size for D100(only diesel), D80K20, D60K40 and D40K60 at working conditions A, B, C were experimentally measured. Combustion parameters such as heat release rate, ignition delay, combustion duration and cumulative heat released percentage of premixed combustion phase were calculated based on the in-cylinder pressure data. As RP3 ratios in the diesel-RP3 blends increased from 0 to 60%, the variation of maximum in-cylinder pressure was less than 0.2 MPa, the maximum heat release rate percentage of premixed combustion increased by 4.66%-5.28%. Besides, the ignition delay was prolonged by 2.19-2.53 °CA due to the decreased of cetane number. The cumulative heat released percentage of premixed combustion phase increased by 4.66%-5.28%. The combustion duration decreased by 1.73-1.91°CA. The increasement of maximum in-cylinder temperature was no more than 35 K. The brake thermal efficiency increased slightly by 0.15%-0.46% due to the higher isovolumetric degree. With regard to exhaust gas emissions, soot emissions for the diesel-RP3 wide distillation blended fuels reduced apparently especially at high load conditions. And the higher RP3 ratios in the diesel-RP3 wide distillation blended fuels, the more evident reduction on soot emissions. At working condition A, compared with D100, soot emissions for D80K20, D60K40 and D40K60 respectively decreased from 153.7 to 132.5, 104.9 and 71.4 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, the reduction range was 13.8%, 31.8% and 53.6% repectively. At working conditions B and C, compared with D100, soot emissions for D40K60 respectively decreased from 25.4 and 1.2 to 14.2 and 0.78 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, the reduction range was 44.1% and 35% respectively. Due to the similar maximum in-cylinder combustion temperature for D100, D80K20, D60K40 and D40K60, there were no obvious impacts on NO<inf>X</inf> emissions. At working conditions A, B and C, the growth rate of NO<inf>X</inf> emissions was no more than 2%. In respect of the particulate size, the curve of particulate size distribution shifted to the smaller size as RP3 ratios increased. At working conditions A, B and C, as RP3 ratios increased from 0 to 60%, the nucleation-mode particulate concentration increased by 12.5%-90.6%, the accumulation-mode particulate concentration, total particulate concentration, surface area concentration and total mass concentration respectively decreased by 20.1%-45.8%, 14.2%-42.1%, 32.5%-41.6%, 28.5%-38.8%. The results showed that diesel-RP3 wide distillation blended fuels have advantages on improving "trade-off" relationship between soot and NO<inf>X</inf> emissions, as well as reducing particulate concentration of diesel engines. Therefore, it is a potential way to increase the production of diesel fuel, reduce the environmental pollution, decrease the number and mass of particulates accumulated on DPF carrier and extend the regeneration life of DPF by using diesel-RP3 wide distillation blended fuels in diesel engines.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Particles (particulate matter)
Controlled terms:Blending - Diesel engines - Distillation - Dust - Economic and social effects - Engine cylinders - Gas emissions - Ignition - Jet fuel - Metal drawing - Particulate emissions - Soot
Uncontrolled terms:Brake thermal efficiency - Diesel engine performance - Emission characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Maximum heat release rate - Particulate size distribution - Physical and chemical properties - Single-cylinder diesel engine
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 523 Liquid Fuels - 535.2 Metal Forming - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.05e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.42e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.14e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.80e-07kg/m3, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.25e+01% to 9.06e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.50e-01% to 4.60e-01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+01% to 4.58e+01%, Percentage 3.18e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.41e+01%, Percentage 4.66e+00% to 5.28e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 2.70e+03RPM, Temperature 3.50e+01K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20201708503705
Title:Effects of straw or fly ash addition on water holding capacity of typical Shajiang black soil and drought stress tolerance in wheat
Title of translation:秸秆或粉煤灰添加对砂姜黑土持水性及小麦抗干旱胁迫的影响
Authors:Wang, Qingyun (1, 2); He, Yongxia (1); Chen, Jing (1); Kong, Haiyan (1); Chai, Rushan (1); Zha, Wei (1); Gao, Hongjian (1); Ma, Donghao (2); Zhang, Jiabao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Hongjian(hjgao@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:95-102
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shajiang black soil is a typical middle and low production soil in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Crop production has been seriously restricted due to the high clay contents and low available water capacity of Shajiang black soil, this paper studied the effects of different modified materials on soil water holding capacity and wheat physiology of anti-drought stress by wheat pot experiment carried out in March 2018, in order to provide technical supports for farmland water managements. According to local field fertilization and water management modes, 4 treatments were designed in wheat pot experiment: chemical NPK fertilizer (CK), chemical NPK fertilizer with maize straw returning (SR), chemical NPK fertilizer with maize straw carbon (SC), and chemical NPK fertilizer with fly ash (FA). Referring to conventional amount of applying fertilizer in northern farmland in Anhui province, the application amounts of chemical fertilizer were 225 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N), 120 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>), and 60 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (K<inf>2</inf>O), respectively, and the application amounts of fly ash, maize straw carbon, and maize straw returning to field were 45×10<sup>3</sup> kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, 45×10<sup>3</sup> kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 6×10<sup>3</sup> kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. As for wheat pot experiment, in each pot, about 10 wheat seeds were transplanted into 30 kg soil after accelerating seeds germination. Soil relative water content was maintained at 80% field capacity until heading stage. When wheats grew up to the heading stage, irrigation stopped and then a drought stress experiment was carried out for 10 days. Wheat leaves collected regularly were stored at -80℃ so as to determine wheat physiological and biochemical index. The results showed that both SC and SR improved soil water holding capacity, but both was not significantly different. Owing to the abundance of large amount of hydrophobic crystal minerals like the crystallographic silicon dioxide in the surface of fly ashes, FA had a fast decrease in relative soil water content. The delayed water content of FA was significantly lower than the other treatments, while the available water content was significantly improved. What's more, different modification materials all had the tendency to increase saturated water content and alleviate the impairments of wheat leaves caused by drought stress. Under mild drought stress, the saturated water content of wheat leaves was higher than that of the control group, but no significant difference was found in the contents of proline (PRO), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>) and peroxide scavenging coenzyme in the wheats among the four treatments. However, under extreme drought stress, not only was FA significantly lower than the other treatments in wheat leaves saturated water content, but also FA treatments accumulated more harmful substances like MDA and H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> in wheats, which could lead to irreversible damages to wheat physiological conditions. In conclusion, the relative water content of Shajiang black soil was suggested to keep above 38% (SR), 36.5% (SC) and 24.5% (FA), respectively. The plant physiology would get irreversible damage if relative soil water content was under 30.78% (SC), 28.43% (SR) and 22.5% (FA), respectively. Because straws have better performance in holding water by significantly improving the content of soil capillary pore, and fly ashes can do better in providing more available water for soil in spite of holding water poorly, combined application of straws and fly ashes will be conducive to the improvement of Shajiang black soil. Relevant mechanism need to be furtherly studied.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Lead removal (water treatment)
Controlled terms:Carbon - Cultivation - Drought - Farms - Fertilizers - Fly ash - Grain (agricultural product) - Oxidation - Peroxides - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Silica - Soil moisture - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Available water capacities - Available water contents - Chemical fertilizers - Drought stress tolerance - Hydrophobic crystals - Physiological condition - Relative water content - Water holding capacity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 461.9 Biology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-02yr, Mass 3.00e+01kg, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20201708503664
Title:Design and test of variable spray model based on leaf wall area in orchards
Title of translation:基于叶墙面积的果树施药量模型设计及试验
Authors:Xue, Xiuyun (1, 2, 3); Xu, Xufeng (1); Li, Zhen (1, 2, 3, 5); Hong, Tiansheng (2, 3, 4); Xie, Jiaxing (1, 5); Chen, Jianze (4); Song, Shuran (1, 2, 3, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Mountainous Orchard Machinery, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (5) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Song, Shuran(songshuran@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:16-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Variable spray technology is an effective means to improve the spray effect and save pesticide. The accurate canopy characteristic parameter detection and application rate model are the decisive stages for precise variable sprays. In order to solve the problems of low efficiency and high environmental requirements in the orchard variable spray system, in this article, LiDAR (light detection and ranging) detection technology was used to obtain the LWA (leaf wall area) which represented the characteristic parameters of tree canopy, and image processing technology was used to calculate the reference value of canopy parameters. The leaf wall area was drawn by two orthogonal images. According to the scale in the image, some coordinate points on the curve were obtained by using MATLAB, and the leaf wall area of the simulation tree was obtained by integral solution. The decision coefficient K<inf>LWA</inf> based on LWA was studied, so that the effects of foliage density and LWA on the variable spray were characterized. K<inf>LWA</inf> was determined by the weighted sums of K<inf>1</inf> and K<inf>2</inf>, where K<inf>1</inf> reflected the distribution density of point cloud in the tree canopy area under the average depth in the horizontal direction, K<inf>2</inf> represented the ratio of the extreme difference in the height of the point cloud distribution to the height of the subarea within the canopy subarea. By calculating the decision coefficient K<inf>LWA</inf> in each vertical direction, and by substituting the flow function, the calculation model of pesticide dosage based on K<inf>LWA</inf> can be obtained. Using the control variable method, the multi nozzle flow model is studied. With the PID controller to rapidly stabilize the pressure and the fixed PWM frequency of solenoid valves, the multi-nozzle flow model experiment has been conducted. By calculating the duty cycle of the solenoid valve PWM and adjusting the working state of the pump and solenoid valve, so that the flow rate of the sprinkler can be adjusted dynamically to the various parts of the canopy, and variable spray based on LWA can be realized. On this foundation, A variable spray verification device was designed, which consisting of LiDAR, 10 m track, 4 nozzles, 3 artificial trees with a crown of 1.47 m, 1.70 m, 1.60 m were built outdoors and a multi-nozzle variable spray test was carried out. To explore the effect of calculation model of pesticide dosage based on LWA, 2 other conventional orchard spray methods were selected as reference sprayers for comparison in this article. The fist reference type was continuous spray, the second reference sprayer is pure quantitative spray to target. The test results showed that, the adhesion rate of the liquid spray is close 100%, indicating that the variable spray model based on LWA can achieve effective spraying. The pesticide saving rate of the variable spray application rate model based on K<inf>LWA</inf> was 68.34% compared with continuous spray. Compared with pure quantitative spray to target, the pesticide saving rate of the variable spray application rate model based on K<inf>LWA</inf> was 32.77%, and the drug saving effect was remarkable. The research method provides the basis for theoretical research and optimized design of plant protection equipment, and also references for further improving the spray effect and the pesticide utilization rate by variable spray.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Controlled drug delivery - Environmental technology - Forestry - Image processing - MATLAB - Optical radar - Orchards - Pesticide effects - Proportional control systems - Pulse width modulation - Solenoid valves - Solenoids - Three term control systems - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Canopy characteristics - Detection technology - Distribution density - Environmental requirement - Image processing technology - LIDAR (light detection and ranging) - Parameter detection - Theoretical research
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 454 Environmental Engineering - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 704.1 Electric Components - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.28e+01%, Percentage 6.83e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.47e+00m, Size 1.60e+00m, Size 1.70e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20201708503686
Title:Coupling catalytic co-pyrolysis of bio-derived furans and methanol for enhancing aromatic production over HZSM-5 catalyst
Title of translation:生物基呋喃与甲醇耦合催化热解制备芳烃化合物
Authors:Zheng, Yunwu (1, 2); Wang, Jida (1, 2); Liu, Can (1, 2); Lin, Xu (1, 2); Lu, Yi (1, 2); Li, Wenbin (1, 2); Zheng, Zhifeng (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Joint Engineering Research Center for Highly-Efficient Utilization Technology of Forest Biomass Resources, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) College of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (3) Xiamen Key Laboratory for High-valued Conversion Technology of Agricultural Biomass, Fujian Provincial Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen; 361102, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhifeng(zhengzhifeng666@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:275-283
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The catalytic converter is an important approach to obtain high-value chemicals from biomass with HZSM-5 mesoporous catalyst. Furan can serve as a representative model compound for catalytic fast pyrolysis of raw woody biomass. A major drawback of the aromatization of bio-derived furans is how to improve aromatic yield and selectivity of specific aromatic production (e.g., xylenes) and to reduce the formation of carbon deposits. So, to overcome its disadvantages, the effect of process conditions (pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature, weight hourly space velocity, furan species, 2-Methylfuran (MF) to methanol ratio and silicon to aluminum ratio) on the product yield and selectivity of aromatics were investigated with bio-derived furans and methanol catalytic co-pyrolysis with HZSM-5 catalyst. Simultaneously, the catalytic conversion mechanism and catalyst deactivation was discussed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), specific surface area and aperture distribution meter (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The coupling conversion of bio-derived furans and methanol was conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor. MF was used as a probe molecule to identify the possible reaction pathways. The experimental results showed that the coupling catalytic co-pyrolysis of furan and methanol effectively improved the yield and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbon. The aromatic yield from the coupling conversion of MF and methanol was about 1.45 times higher than that of the catalytic fast pyrolysis of only MF. There was a positive synergistic effect between furan and methanol. The addition of methanol promoted methanol-to-olefin (MTO) reaction, Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction and alkylation of benzene/toluene. In the process of the reaction, dimethyl ether was the main intermediate product of methanol dehydration. The first dehydration of methanol produced dimethyl ether, and then dimethyl ether continued to dehydrate to produce ethylene. Ethylene and MF further underwent Diels alder cycloaddition reaction to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. Higher temperature enhanced the occurrence of polymerization and increased the selectivity of polyalkylated compounds as well as naphthalene and its derivatives. Benzene alkylation reaction and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction was a pair of competitive reactions. Benzene alkylation reaction was dominant at high temperature, so inhabited the degree of Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. Moreover, strong acidity promotes methanol dehydration and Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction. Moreover, the comparative study of the coupling conversion of different bio-derived furans (2-methylfuran (MF), furfural (FF), furanol (FA), 5-methylfural (MFF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) and methanol were also considered in this study. It showed that MF gave out the highest yield of aromatics. Additionally, different functional groups did not change the formation mechanism of aromatics. Carbonyl functional groups inhibited the Diels-Alder reaction of furan rings and olefins, resulting in lower selectivity of monocyclic aromatics. The presence of hydroxyl groups effectively promoted the formation of toluene and xylene and increased the content of S<inf>BTXE</inf> and polyalkylbenzene. Maximum aromatics yield and S<inf>BTXE</inf> of 99.73% and 40.49% and minimum coke content of 11.06% were obtained over HZSM-5 (SiO<inf>2</inf>/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>=25) under the conditions of pyrolysis temperature of 500℃, the catalytic temperature of 550℃, MF to methanol molar ratio of 1:5 and the weight hourly space velocity of 0.2 mL/min. At this time, naphthalene and its derivatives content were only 10.15%, which effectively improved the selectivity of alkylbenzene and reduced the deactivation of the catalyst. Moreover, the deactivation mechanism showed that the specific surface area decreased from 308.18 to 229.90 m<sup>2</sup>/g and the average pore size decreased from 3.42 nm to 3.07 nm. The particles on the catalyst surface increased obviously, the agglomeration phenomenon between the catalyst grains was intensified, the surface structure was more compact, and the fuzzy area increased. These findings provided a simple, green, efficient and cost-effective way for simultaneously overcoming the existing bottlenecks in the catalytic fast pyrolysis of bio-derived furans and would help the understanding of the reaction chemistry of co-conversion of biomass and alcohol mixtures.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Catalyst selectivity
Controlled terms:Aliphatic compounds - Alkylation - Aromatization - Benzene - Biomass - Catalyst deactivation - Chemical reactors - Cost effectiveness - Cycloaddition - Dehydration - Ethers - Ethylene - Fuels - Methanol - Mineral oils - Molar ratio - Naphthalene - Organic pollutants - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Reaction intermediates - Scanning electron microscopy - Silica - Silicon oxides - Specific surface area - Surface structure - Xylene
Uncontrolled terms:5 hydroxymethyl furfurals - Competitive reactions - Deactivation mechanism - Dehydration of methanol - Diels-Alder cycloadditions - Polyalkylated compounds - Silicon-to-aluminum ratio - Weight hourly space velocity
Classification code:513.3 Petroleum Products - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 4.05e+01%, Percentage 9.97e+01%, Size 3.42e-09m to 3.07e-09m, Specific_Surface_Area 3.08e+05m2/kg to 2.30e+05m2/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20201708503661
Title:Effects of high frequency pulse produced by jet tee on hydraulic and anti-clogging characteristics of emitters
Title of translation:射流三通产生的脉冲波对灌水器水力与抗堵塞特性的影响
Authors:Wang, Xinkun (1); Jin, Binbin (1); Fan, Erdong (1); Yao, Jicheng (1); Zhang, Chenxi (1); Wang, Xuan (1); Xue, Zilong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:113-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The anti-clogging mechanism of pulsed water produced by jet tee in drip irrigation system is unclear. In this study, the influence of pulse wave generated by jet tee on hydraulic and anti-clogging properties was investigated. The flow depth of emitter used by the simulation and test was 1.87 mm, the dentation height was 2.17 mm, the tooth tip distance was 2.07 mm and the corner of runner was 16<sup>o</sup>. The hydraulic performance test of jet tee was carried out to obtain its pulse parameters (amplitude, period) and to verify the predictions of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The fluctuating pressure with the same pulse frequency as the jet tee was as the pressure inlet boundary condition of CFD. The internal flow of the emitter was described by CFD based on solid-liquid two-phase turbulent model established. The sediment concentration distribution and particles motion path in the emitter channels were obtained by CFD. The waveform produced by the jet tee was similar to the sine wave with the same parameters. A sine wave instead of a jet ternary wave was used for simulation. The relative error between the measured value and the simulated value of the pressure and constant pressure of the jet three-way waveform was samller than 7%. When the inlet water pressure was the same, the average flow rate of the dripper under pulsed water pressure was always smaller than that under constant water pressure. Under the pulse condition, the main flow area and the vortex area of the irrigation channel had pulse performance, and the maximum particle content of the flow channel was lower than 22% under constant pressure. Under the same particle density and different particle size conditions, the particle path in the constant pressure flow was from 1.21% to 26.9%, which was higher than that in the pulse flow. With the increase of particle size, the number of times of the minimum velocity increased, and the instantaneous velocity decreased with the same distance of particle movement. Under the same particle size and different particle density conditions, the particle path in the constant pressure flow was from 3.25% to 9.6%, which was higher than that in the pulse flow. The increase of particle path under the different particle density conditions was smaller than that under the particle size conditions. The comparative analysis above shows that the pulse wave generated by the jet tee would improve the sand-holding ability and anti-blocking performance of the water flow.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Particle size analysis
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Computational fluid dynamics - Flow of water - Irrigation - Particle size - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Blocking performance - Comparative analysis - Computational fluid dynamics simulations - Different particle sizes - Drip irrigation systems - Fluctuating pressures - Hydraulic performance - Sediment concentration distributions
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.21e+00% to 2.69e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 3.25e+00% to 9.60e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Size 1.87e-03m, Size 2.07e-03m, Size 2.17e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20201708503696
Title:Effects of different reclamation patterns on surface runoff, sediment yield and hydraulic characteristics of slopes in iron ore tailings
Title of translation:不同复垦模式下铁尾矿坡面产流产沙与水力特性
Authors:Lü, Chunjuan (1, 2); Guo, Yansong (1, 2); Bi, Rutian (1, 2); Liang, Jiancai (1, 2); Guo, Xingxing (1, 2); Chen, Dan (1, 2); Wang, Yu (1, 2); Xu, Caicai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:156-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reclamation is a key measure to ameliorate soil erosion from slopes in mining tailings. However, how rainfall intensity and different reclamation patterns combine to affect soil erosion remains elusive, especially in the loess plateau in China. We experimentally investigated these using artificial slopes in iron ore tailings as an example. The experiment was conducted in laboratory using a rainfall simulator. We compared three rainfall intensities, 60, 90 and120 mm/h, and five remediation methods: iron ore tailings without adding any amendment (T), overlaying the iron ore tailings with a high proportion of soil (TSH), planting mushroom in the iron ore tailings (TM), overlaying soil on the iron ore tailings and planting mushroom in the soil (TSM); overlaying a low proportion of soil on the iron ore tailings (TST). The experiment for each treatment was conducted in a 2 m × 1 m × 2.3 m soil flume, in which a layer of iron ore tailings 40 cm thick was underlaid by a 20 cm of above remediating substrate. The cultivar of the vegetation was Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. The angle between the soil flume to the horizontal was 25<sup>o</sup>. The soil water content in all treatments prior to rainfall was the same. During the experiment, we measured the water flow velocity and collected sediment samples after each three minutes to calculate the surface runoff and sediment erosion rate. The hydraulic parameters were also calculated in attempts to determine its impact on sediment erosion. The results showed: 1) The surface runoff rate increased asymptotically with time and it was higher in treatments with mushroom than those without mushroom. 2) The mushroom had a significant impact on sediment erosion. Regardless of rainfall density, the sediment erosion rate decreased with time in treatments with mushroom while increased with time in treatments without mushroom, especially in TSL. Soil erosion in T was most sensitive to rainfall intensity and it increased with rainfall intensity. 3) Water flow was laminar in most cases. Except in TSH under moderate and high rainfall intensity and T under high rainfall intensity where water flow was supercritical, water flow in other treatments was subcritical. The average infiltration depth in all treatments was shallow and ranged from 0.23 to 0.93 mm. The Manning roughness coefficient and the Darcy-Weisbach friction of the remediating substrates planted with mushroom were higher than that without mushroom. Mushroom reduced water velocity but increased the surface roughness compared to those without mushroom. 4) Splash erosion and shear erosion was the main cause of sediment erosion. 5) The runoff rate was linearly related to the stream power and to the Reynolds number with R<sup>2</sup>>0.998. The erosion rate was related to the steam power exponentially with R<sup>2</sup>>0.733 and to the Reynolds number in a power-law with R<sup>2</sup>>0.744. This study improves our understanding of how different mediating methods and rainfall density combine to impact surface runoff and sediment erosion in slopes in iron or tailings.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Ore tailings
Controlled terms:Erosion - Flow of water - Flow velocity - Hydraulics - Iron ore treatment - Iron ores - Rain - Reclamation - Remediation - Reynolds number - Runoff - Sediments - Soil moisture - Substrates - Surface roughness
Uncontrolled terms:Hydraulic characteristic - Hydraulic parameters - Manning Roughness Coefficient - Rainfall intensity - Rainfall simulators - Remediation methods - Sediment samples - Soil water content
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 504.3 Heavy Metal Mines - 533.1 Ore Treatment - 631 Fluid Flow - 632.1 Hydraulics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.30e+00m, Size 2.30e-04m to 9.30e-04m, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20201708503647
Title:Impact of organic acids cultivation time and types on composition of debris and available nutrient in coal gangue
Title of translation:有机酸培养时间和种类对煤矸石碎屑组成及速效养分的影响
Authors:Yu, Jian (1); Wang, Xinxin (1); Fang, Li (1, 3); Wang, Mengtian (1, 3); Bian, Zhengfu (2); Zhou, Guang (1); Xie, Jinfei (1); Zhang, Jingwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Wuhu; 241003, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Ming and Technology, Xuzhou; 221116, China; (3) Engineering Technology Research Center of Resource Environment and GIS, Wuhu; 241003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:228-235
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Organic acids are ubiquitous in litters and rhizosphere in terrestrial ecosystem, and low molecular weight organic acids and humic acids are two common acids among them. They play a significant role in soil genesis, soil fertility and soil decontamination. However, the efficacy of organic acids in restoring vegetation in coal gangue is poorly understood. We took the coal gangue at Panji coal mining in Huainan city as an example. Low molecular weight organic acids and humic acid solution each at concentration of 10 mmol/L were added into the coal gangue in a 120-day incubation. The change in physical and chemical properties of the gangue was measured periodically. The results showed that the organic acids, especially malic acid and humic acid, promoted refinement of the gangue mineral particles and particle agglomerations, and helped improving aggregation of the mineral particles in the gangue. The incubation increased the clay particles by an average 81.9% and reduced the proportion of silt and very coarse sands by an average 21.05% and 62.34%, respectively. Many coarse sands were broken down to silt and clay which in turn formed aggregates. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and bioavailable nutrients in the coal gangue debris responded differently to the organic acids and incubation time. The pH of the studied gangue was 6.72 prior to incubation, and amending it with tartaric acid, oxalic acid and humic acid increased the pH to 7.69, 7.75 and 7.71 respectively. The pH changed with time in all the treatments; in the malic acid treatment, it changed in an "N" shape. In all treatments, EC changed with time in an opposite direction to the change in pH. The EC of the gangue was 416.67μs/cm prior to the incubation; the incubation increased the EC in CK and the treatments with malic acid and citric but reduced it in other treatments. Specifically, incubating with malic acid increased the EC by 146.78%, the highest among all treatments. Incubation with organic acids promoted the release of alkali-hydro nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) from the mineral particles, while incubation with malic acid improved the release of AN more than others. In contrast, the citric was most effective in releasing AP. In all treatments, prolonging the incubation enhanced the release of alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus. Water infiltration and addition of the organic acids inhibited the release of available potassium(AK) from the mineral particles in the early stage, but promoted the release of the potassium. However, there was no significant difference between the organic acids. The results presented in this paper shed insight into the efficacy of different organic acids in remediating coal gangue.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Oxalic acid
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Coal - Coal tailings - Debris - Minerals - Molecular weight - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Potassium - Silt
Uncontrolled terms:Available phosphorus - Available potassiums - Electrical conductivity - Low molecular weight organic acid - Particle agglomerations - Physical and chemical properties - Soil decontamination - Terrestrial ecosystems
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.29e-01yr, Molar_Concentration 1.00e+01mol/m3, Percentage 1.47e+02%, Percentage 2.11e+01%, Percentage 6.23e+01%, Percentage 8.19e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20201708503669
Title:Genetic algorithm combined with extreme learning machine to diagnose nitrogen deficiency in rice in cold region
Title of translation:采用GA-ELM的寒地水稻缺氮量诊断方法
Authors:Xu, Tongyu (1, 2); Guo, Zhonghui (1); Yu, Fenghua (1, 2); Xu, Bo (1); Feng, Shuai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) Liaoning Agricultural Information Technology Center, Shenyang; 110161, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:209-218
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen is a key plant nutrient and its deficiency or surplus could inhibit plant growth and reduce crop yield. Over the past decade, remote sensing has been increasingly used to diagnosis nitrogen deficiency in crop. Taking rice grown in cold region in northeast China as an example, this paper studies the relationship between nitrogen content in japonica rice and the difference between spectral reflectance based on data measured from field. This relationship was used to inversely estimate nitrogen deficiency in the rice based on hyperspectral images. In our analysis, the nitrogen content producing the highest yield was defined as standard nitrogen content and its associated spectral reflectance was defied as standard spectral reflectance. The difference between real nitrogen content and the standard nitrogen content, as well as the difference between the real spectral reflectance the standard spectral reflectance, were calculated respectively. The difference in spectral reflectance was dimensionally reduced using the discrete wavelet multi-scale decomposition, continuous projection method (successive projections algorithm, SPA) and vegetation index construction. The characteristic bands screened by SPA were 459, 460, 475, 671, 723, 874 and 996 nm. Analysis showed that when the discrete wavelet multi-scale decomposition was used to reduce the dimension, the Sym8 wavelet mother function worked best when it was decomposed at the seventh layer. Comparing DVI, NDVI and RVI vegetation index found that the determination coefficient of the DVI index and nitrogen deficiency was significantly higher than that of NDVI and RVI index. The three indexes were used as input to the partial least squares (PLSR), the extreme learning machine (ELM) and genetic algorithm optimization extreme learning machine (GA-ELM). The GA-ELM model was most accurate with the R<sup>2</sup> being 0.7062 for the training set and 0.7594 for the verification set; their associated RMSE was 0.5099mg/g and 0.4276mg/g respectively. The GA-ELM model based on the optimal vegetation index was least accurate, with the R<sup>2</sup> for the training set and the verifying set being 0.6615 and 0.6509 respectively; their associated RMSE was 0.4415mg/g and 0.5312mg/g. Overall, GA-ELM improved stability and predictability of the model compared with PLSR and ELM. It can thus be used as a new method to detect nitrogen content in rice leaf, and has important implication in precision fertilization.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Machine learning
Controlled terms:Crops - Genetic algorithms - Knowledge acquisition - Learning algorithms - Least squares approximations - Nitrogen - Reflection - Remote sensing - Spectroscopy - Vegetation - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous projection methods - Determination coefficients - Extreme learning machine - Genetic-algorithm optimizations - Partial least square (PLS) - Precision fertilizations - Spectral reflectances - Successive projections algorithm
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 8.74e-07m, Size 9.96e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20201708503676
Title:Optimization of leg structure parameter of quadruped laser weeding robot
Title of translation:四足激光除草机器人腿部结构参数优化
Authors:Zhang, Liang'an (1); Tang, Kai (1); Zhao, Yongjie (2); Wang, Xiaoyi (1); Yu, Dazhuang (1); Lu, Xinjian (3); Wang, Xiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan; 243000, China; (2) Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou; 515063, China; (3) Guangdong Goldenwork Robot Technology Co. Ltd., Foshan; 528226, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Yongjie(meyizhao@stu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:7-15
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Robot has been increasingly used in weeding. Taking the quadruped laser weeding robot as an example, this paper presents a method to optimize its four legs using the dynamic scale synthesis. The objective of the optimization was the lengths of the legs, in which, prior to optimizing the driving torque of the joint in each leg, we first optimized the driving torque of the leg based on the load it was required to take. The laser weeding robot used compound cycloid trajectory to plan its trajectory, which is ready for optimizing the driving torque of the joint in the rear leg. The optimization focused on the driving force moment on both the thigh joint and the calf joint, for which obtained a set of optimal thigh bar lengths and calf bar lengths. We first calculated the foot trajectory and the gait parameters of the robot, and then used the thigh joint force moment, the calf joint driving force moment and different leg rod lengths to maximize the dynamic target; the dimensional parameters of the legs were also taken as design parameter in the multi-objective constraint optimization. After the thigh joint driving force moment and the calf joint driving moment were firstly optimized using the particle group algorithm, the maximum torque of the leg joints within the each group of the rods was calculated under a given target trajectory by combining the leg sizes. Based on the smallest set of driving force moments, we found the maximum and minimum driving torque of each joint in the target trajectory, which was further optimized using the ideal dot method and the particle group algorithm. This transformed the multi-objective optimization to a single-objective optimization. These two-step optimizations allowed us to obtain the leg length in the group of optimal four-legged laser weeding robots. We verified the optimal results against experiments. The results showed that the optimized four-legged laser weeding robot significantly improved its dynamic performance compared to that without optimization. It was also found that the optimization reduced the maximum thigh joint driving force by 5.29% and the maximum driving force in the calf joint by 18.05%. The comprehensive methods presented in this paper cannot only help developing four-legged laser weeding robot prototype, but also provide references for studying driving force moment and energy consumption of four-legged robot.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Structural optimization
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Constrained optimization - Energy utilization - Machine design - Multiobjective optimization - Robots - Torque - Trajectories
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive method - Constraint optimizations - Dimensional parameters - Dynamic performance - Single objective optimization - Structure parameter - Target trajectory - Two-step optimizations
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 731.5 Robotics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20201708503685
Title:Ability and mechanism of Penicillium oxalicum HB1 solubilizing phosphates
Title of translation:草酸青霉菌HB1溶磷能力及作用机制
Authors:He, Di (1); Geng, Liping (1); Guo, Jia (1); Lu, Xiujun (2); Liu, Wenju (1); Li, Bowen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment Science, Key Laboratory for Farm and Eco-environment, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Wenju(liuwj@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:255-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:We all know that some functional microorganisms can dissolve insoluble phosphates and it is different from the abilities of the same strain mobilizes different phosphates. The experiments of plate cultivation and shaking culture were carried out to explore the abilities and mechanisms of Penicillium oxalicum HB1 to mobilize different insoluble phosphates (Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>, phosphate rock powder, FePO<inf>4</inf>, AlPO<inf>4</inf>) when different forms of nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N) were supplied in the growth medium. Furthermore, a soil incubation experiment was conducted to verify the capacity of HB1 solubilizing insoluble phosphate in two types of soils with low and high levels of available phosphorus. The results of plate cultivation showed that phosphate dissolving zone was observed on each plate with different phosphates of Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>, phosphate rock powder, FePO<inf>4</inf> and AlPO<inf>4</inf>. The calculated ratios of phosphate solubilizing zone and bacterial colony followed the trends of Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> > phosphate rock powder > FePO<inf>4</inf> > AlPO<inf>4,</inf> which indicated that the ability of HB1 to dissolve Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> was better than others. In order to prove the abilities of HB1 mobilizing different insoluble phosphates further, the shaking cultural experiment was set up and the results clarified that the phosphate solubilizing capacity of HB1 varied with different mineral phosphates and two different forms of nitrogen in growth mediums. When Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> or FePO<inf>4</inf> was supplied, the concentrations of phosphorus (P) in the nutrient solution with HB1 were 884 mg/L or 265 mg/L on the condition of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, and 945 mg/L or 206 mg/L with NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N addition, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in P concentrations of solution between NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N or NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N addition. Meanwhile, HB1 enhanced phosphorus released from Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> markedly compared with FePO<inf>4</inf>, which illustrated that P concentrations in solution with HB1 and Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> were 2.34-3.59 folds higher than those of FePO<inf>4</inf> in the growth medium. Moreover, when phosphate rock powder and NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N supplied, the concentration of phosphorus in the solution with HB1 was 199 mg/L, which was 7.14 times of that of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N situation. However, the concentration of phosphorus in the nutrient solution with HB1 was 120 mg/L when AlPO<inf>4</inf> and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N applied, which was 3.29 times of that of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N. Therefore, shaking cultural experiment demonstrated that Penicillium oxalicum HB1 dissolved the P from different insoluble phosphates indeed and the rank of P mobilizing ability followed Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> > phosphate rock powder and FePO<inf>4</inf> > AlPO<inf>4</inf> when NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N supplied in growth medium, whereas followed Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> > FePO<inf>4</inf> > AlPO<inf>4</inf> > phosphate rock powder when NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N applied. It suggested that different N forms in growth medium did not affect the ability of HB1 dissolving P from Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf> and FePO<inf>4</inf>, but influence this ability for AlPO<inf>4</inf> and phosphate rock powder. NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N is better for HB1 to mobilize phosphate rock powder, and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N applied is a benefit for HB1 to dissolve AlPO<inf>4</inf>. Furthermore, there were significant negative relationships between P levels and pH in growth medium with NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, which indicated the possible mechanisms that Penicillium oxalicum HB1 could exudate H<sup>+</sup> to the solution, then decreased pH in the growth medium, and finally enhanced the releases of P from different insoluble phosphates. The ability of HB1 dissolving insoluble P was proved in the experiment of soil incubation as well. The results showed that concentrations of available phosphorus in HB1 treatments increased by 45.00% and 14.17% in low-phosphorus soil and high-phosphorus soil after incubation for 21 days, respectively. In summary, HB1 had the strongest phosphate-dissolving capacity for Ca<inf>3</inf>(PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>, followed by FePO<inf>4</inf> and phosphate rock powder when NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N addition, which was dissolved through H<sup>+</sup> exudate by Penicillium oxalicum HB1. It would be a better pathway to use HB1 mobilizing insoluble phosphate in soils with low available phosphorus.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Aluminum compounds
Controlled terms:Calcium compounds - Dissolution - Iron compounds - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphate deposits - Phosphates - Rocks - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Available phosphorus - Bacterial colonies - Growth medium - Nutrient solution - Phosphate rocks - Phosphate-solubilizing - Possible mechanisms - Soil incubation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 505.1 Nonmetallic Mines - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.75e-02yr, Mass_Density 1.20e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.99e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.06e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.65e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.84e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.45e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 4.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20201708503707
Title:Object-oriented land use classification based on ultra-high resolution images taken by unmanned aerial vehicle
Title of translation:基于超高空间分辩率无人机影像的面向对象土地利用分类方法
Authors:Liu, Shu (1); Zhu, Hang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geomatics and Prospecting Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Hang(hangzhu@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:87-94
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been increasingly used to aid agricultural production and land management, and this paper investigates the feasibility of using ultra-high resolution UAV images to differentiate land usage. We took a farmland at Dehui of Jilin province as an example and acquired its UAV images. The digital surface model (DSM) and the digital orthophoto map (DOM) of the region was generated using the digital photogrammetry software. We then calculated the regional terrain factors and the vegetation indices, and combined them with the original orthophoto model to construct the baseline images for land use classification. The tool of estimation of scale parameters (ESP) was used to extract the optimal scale for segmentation, and a level of objects was constructed after processing the multi-scale segmentation based on the optimal value of each parameter. Terrain and morphological features of each object was used for the classification. It included two steps. The first one was to perform an object-oriented classification of all the five features based on the random forest algorithm. We used a five-feature classifications to analyze the impact of different features. The first one only used the spectrum feature to classify and the index features, morphological features, terrain features and textural features were added consecutively for further classification. The overall accuracy, kappa coefficient, the omission errors and the commission errors for each feature were compared. In the second step, Boruta feature selection method was applied to the original feature space to obtain an optimal feature subset. Based on the optimal feature subset, land use classification was conducted using the random forest algorithm, naive Bayesian algorithm, logistic regression method and the support vector machine (SVM). Using the same optimal feature subset, the influence of each method on the classification was tested. The results showed that the accuracy of the five feature selection schemes was 93.72%, 97.35%, 96.93%, 97.77%, and 98.04% respectively. Adding morphological features reduced accuracy, while adding other features improved accuracy. The scheme with five features gave the best result. The commission was mainly between the bare land and residential land, and the omissions were mainly among grassland, water canals and roads. The confusion between them was likely to be caused by the similarity of spectral, morphology, textural properties and their similar positions. In this study, the important features for classification were spectrum features, textural features, index features and terrain features, and the least important features were morphological features. There were 72 features passing the Boruta test and forming the optimal feature subset. Based on this feature space, the overall accuracy with the above four different algorithms was 98.19%, 96.79%, 90.22% and 96.23% respectively. The classification using the random forest algorithm gave the best result. In conclusion, adding the terrain features can assist classification of land coverage and improve accuracy. Compared with other algorithms, the random forest algorithm is most robust in classification of land coverage in using high dimensional feature space.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Antennas - Decision trees - Feature extraction - Image classification - Land use - Landforms - Logistic regression - Morphology - Object oriented programming - Random forests - Research laboratories - Set theory - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines - Support vector regression - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Feature selection methods - High-dimensional feature space - Landuse classifications - Logistic regression method - Multiscale segmentation - Naive Bayesian algorithms - Object oriented classification
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.02e+01%, Percentage 9.37e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Percentage 9.78e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20201708503700
Title:Preparation and application of corn straw cellulose-based fertilizer with integration of water-retaining and slow-release
Title of translation:玉米秸秆基纤维素保水缓释肥制备及应用
Authors:Wang, Weishuai (1); Yang, Zhengli (1, 2); Zhang, Aiping (1, 2); Yang, Shiqi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agricultural, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Shiqi(yangshiqi@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:236-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Recycling of crop straws has been practiced in every conventional agriculture. The increase in the yield of crop straws annually has given rise to a series of serious environmental problems for leaving them to decay or burning on the field surfaces after the harvest. In order to solve these recycling problems of resource wastes during the utilization of crop straws, an experimental study was conducted on the properties and performance of water-retaining concurrently slow-release straw-based cellulose fertilizers, further to discuss their production cost and applicability to the modern agriculture. In this study, the aqueous solution of nitric acid was used to extract the required cellulose from corn straws. A novel semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) superabsorbent resin with slow-release fertilizers (MS-CPPC) were prepared through solution polymerization based on corn straw cellulose polymer and linear polyvinyl alcohol copolymer (PVA-APP). Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was also introduced to supply the nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorus. The design of orthogonal test has been used to optimize the fabrication parameters of the obtained products, as well as the water absorbency of MS-CPPC and the slow-release performance of nutrients in water and soil. The prepared products were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy, flourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermos-gravimetric analysis. The experimental results indicated that acrylic acid (AA) acrylamide(AAm) were grafted onto the chain of corn straw cellulose, and PVA-APP was also involved by semi-interpenetrating with them in the synthesis process of fertilizers. This finding demonstrated that the formation of semi-interpenetrating networks can greatly improve the stability of raw materials. Orthogonal experiments showed that the MS to the acrylic acid mass ratio of 1:6, the MBA to MS mass ratio of 20:1, the initiator to MS mass ratio of 5:1, the PVA-APP to MS mass ratio of 5:2.The fertilizer based on the semi-IPNs superabsorbent resin (SAR) showed excellent water absorbency with the water absorption of 443.2 g/g, while significantly reduced the leaching losses of fertilizers in comparison to traditional fertilizers. Therefore, the application of this products would provide an effective way to solve the leaching loss of fertilizers that often occurred in agricultural fields. The results from the infiltration test showed that MS-CPPC that applied in soil could enhance water absorbency during the infiltration, and effectively inhibit the formation of the soil crust during the rainfall due to the increase in the infiltration rate of soil water. The accumulated release rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in distilled water for one day and 30 days were 14.69%, 13.01% and 67.11%, 55.74%, respectively, indicating the sustained release of nutrients. The release behavior of MS-CPPC was also in good agreement with the National standard on sustained-release fertilizers (GB/T 23348-2009), confirming excellent property of slow release in soil. The slow release behavior of the products can attributed that to a porous structure of the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, which can restrict the diffusion rate of water molecules into the hydrogel network to delayed dissolution of the encapsulated fertilizer. In the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, the release patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus in the MS-CPPC both follow Fick diffusion and polymer chain relaxation according to the n value. The superabsorbent resin with straw-based cellulose fertilizers become therefore expected to share the combined properties of water-retaining and slow-release, further to provide reducing the production costing while promoting comprehensive utilization of crop straws.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Water recycling
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Amides - Carboxylic acids - Cellulose - Costs - Crops - Fertilizers - Gravimetric analysis - Infiltration - Infrared spectroscopy - Interpenetrating polymer networks - Leaching - Molecules - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Phosphorus - Product design - Resins - Scanning electron microscopy - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Waste utilization - Water absorption - X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium polyphosphates - Comprehensive utilizations - Conventional agricultures - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Semi-interpenetrating networks - Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks - Semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi-ipns) - Slow release fertilizers
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 6.71e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20201708503631
Title:Design and test of 4TSQ-2 sugar beet top cutter
Title of translation:4TSQ-2型甜菜切顶机设计及试验
Authors:Wang, Fangyan (1); Wang, Dongwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Qingdao Agricultural University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Dongwei(W88030661@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:70-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the requirements of harvesting methods and harvesting for sugar beet at home and abroad, a method of smashing leaf and top cutting thickness was proposed, and a kind of fixed thickness top cutter was designed. The machine can complete the smashing leaf, cleaning leaf and cutting top of sugar beet at one time, which is composed of traction frame, hydraulic cylinder, transmission system, smashing leaf mechanism, cleaning leaf mechanism, position following mechanism, pressure adjustment mechanism, equal thickness cutting mechanism, walking mechanism, and so on. Among them, the smashing leaf mechanism, cleaning leaf mechanism, position following mechanism and equal thickness cutting mechanism are the key components. Through theoretical analysis, the transmission configuration relationships were obtained, and the structural parameters of the key components were determined. The smashing leaf mechanism is composed of 2 rows of rotary knife, and installation density of knife was 25 pieces/m. The cleaning leaf mechanism is composed of 4 rows of rubber strips, and installation density of rubber strips was 26 pieces/m. And the misalignment arrangement of the spacer and the rotary knife or the spacer and the rubber strip was designed for smashing or cleaning leaf. The structural parameters of the S-shaped rotary knife and the rectangle rubber strip were determined to meet the strength requirements of the parts, the cleaning effect and the lower damage of the beet. The blade angle Ε<inf>1</inf> was 26°, the slip angle β<inf>1</inf> was 15°, the bend angle φ was 120°, the rotary knife width B<inf>1</inf> was 40 mm, the length L<inf>3</inf> was 170 mm; the rubber strip width B<inf>2</inf> was 40 mm, the thickness b was 5 mm, the length L<inf>4</inf> was 260 mm. Through the kinematics and mechanical analysis of the following cutters, important working parts of the side rod, following board and the cutter were designed, which affect the quality of the cutting beet top. And the important structural parameters of the position following mechanism were determined, which affect the work quality of the cutting device. Combined with the working process of the sugar beet cutter, the installation position and structural parameters of the cutter were determined. The structural parameters included: the connecting rod L<inf>6</inf> of 320 mm, the following board height H<inf>3</inf> of 125 mm, the following board bending angle α<inf>2</inf> of 35°, the following board installation angle β<inf>2</inf> of 55°, and the cutting angle Ε<inf>2</inf> of 25°, cutting rake angle δ of the knife of 0°, and the cutter width B<inf>4</inf> of 50 mm. The field test results show that the top-cutting pass rate is 93.6%, and the multi-cutting rate is 2.1%, which meets the index requirements of beet top harvesting. This research can provide basis for the development of sugar beet harvester.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Sugar beets
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Harvesting - Installation - Quality control - Rubber - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Adjustment mechanisms - Hydraulic cylinders - Installation position - Mechanical analysis - Structural parameter - Sugar beet harvesters - Transmission configuration - Transmission systems
Classification code:602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.10e+00%, Percentage 9.36e+01%, Size 1.25e-01m, Size 2.60e-01m, Size 3.20e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20201708503655
Title:Innovation in agricultural engineering and technology to accelerate green development of agriculture
Title of translation:农业工程科技创新推进农业绿色发展
Authors:Sui, Bin (1); Dong, Shanshan (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Wang, Jiarui (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Feng, Jing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Shanshan(dongshanshan@aape.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-6
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Green development of agriculture is a profound revolution in the concept of agricultural development and the inevitable course to achieve sustainable development of agriculture in China. This study reviewed the roles and challenges of agricultural engineering and technology on green development of agriculture and proposed the near future directions. The level of protection and utilization of agricultural water and soil resources in China has gradually increased, and the utilization rate of agricultural waste such as crop straws, animal manure, and agricultural membranes has increased greatly. However, problems such as water shortages and arable land degradation are serious. The utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for food crops has been increasing year by year. However, the problems of excessive application of pesticides, and external pollution still need to be resolved. In the field of agricultural ecological protection and construction, a series of projects such as soil and water conservation, returning farmland to forests and grasses had been carried out and results were delightful. However, high-intensity and extensive production methods have caused problems such as the structural imbalance in agricultural ecosystems and functional degradation. The level of quality and safety of agricultural products in China has gradually improved. However, issues such as pesticide residues, resistance gene residues, and heavy metal pollution in a few regions are still not optimistic. To resolve these problems, this paper proposed possible technological innovation in agricultural engineering serving green agrarian development: 1) In the field of agricultural resource monitoring, the further research should focus on core technologies of monitoring, evaluation, and early warning analysis of cultivated land quality, biological resources, production environment, non-point source pollution, and land carrying capacity so as to build decision-making systems that could integrate real-time monitoring, remote diagnosis, early warning, emergency prevention and control, and command and dispatch. 2) In the field of utilization of water and soil resources, the future study should enhance the use efficiency of agricultural water resources by developing water-saving equipments, establish efficient water-saving modes, improve the efficiency of land resource utilization by focusing on construction of farmland ecosystems and rehabilitation of farmland pollution. 3) In regard to agricultural inputs, the focus should be on the transformation of fertilization application methods, the application of new fertilizer technologies, as well as high-yield and efficient fertilization technologies for crops. In regard to pesticide reduction and control, the key was to develop in-situ intelligent nutrient detection, enhance fertilizer reduction and efficiency based on fertilizer application limit standards, accelerate the revision of organic fertilizer industry standards, promote the use of new fertilizer products, and develop fertilizer reductions for different crops in different regions. 4) In terms of agricultural mechanization, the main direction of the future research was to focus on fields such as large-scale field planting, facility agriculture, cash crops and aquaculture of livestock and poultry, and resource-saving agricultural machinery, straw return to the field, intelligent agricultural equipment sensors, agricultural machinery navigation, and precision operations. 5) In terms of agrarian waste resource utilization, the next work should explore the theoretical system of agricultural waste resources recycling, biological transformation and pollutant removal mechanisms, and develop equipments related to returning crop straws to the field, maturation of anaerobic fermentation, pyrolysis carbonization, and collection and storage of agricultural waste resources and so on. This paper put forward to policy suggestions from 4 aspects: strengthening the concept of green agricultural development, establishing a technological innovation and extension system, improving the construction of a standard order and strengthening policy support. It is hoped to provide meaningful guidance for further improving China's agricultural engineering technology innovation level and promoting green agrarian development.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Agricultural robots
Controlled terms:Agricultural engineering - Agricultural machinery - Agricultural products - Agricultural wastes - Carbonization - Chemical contamination - Construction equipment - Crops - Decision making - Ecosystems - Efficiency - Farms - Fertilizers - Heavy metals - Land use - Pesticides - Pollution control - Quality control - Real time systems - Soil conservation - Soils - Strengthening (metal) - Sustainable development - Water conservation - Water pollution - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Agricultural waste resources - Biological transformation - Cultivated land qualities - Engineering and technology - Non-point source pollution - Protection and utilizations - Technological innovation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.1 Construction Equipment - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 531.1 Metallurgy - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20201708503645
Title:Analyzing airflow in dry grain storage silo with ventilation using CFD
Title of translation:农户用机械通风钢网式小麦干燥储藏仓的气流场分析
Authors:Liu, Liyi (1); Wang, Yuqing (1); Zhao, Deyan (1); Wang, Xuguang (1); Lou, Zheng (2); Liu, Fangjiu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Institute of Planning and Design, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Heilongjiang Zhongliang Warehousing Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Harbin; 150008, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:312-319
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to ensure safe storage of highly moist grain after harvest and alleviate grain loss, we took a dry circular steel grain storage silo with a vertical ventilation tube in its center as an example and simulated airflow in the silo filled with highly moist wheat grain after harvest, using CFD. The effect of the wheat grain on airflow was approximated by a porous medium model, and the static and dynamic pressure in the silo was analyzed. The results showed that the static and dynamic pressure and the flow rate decrease exponentially with distance from the ventilation tube. Horizontally, the radial flow rate and the flow velocity (flow rate through per unit areas) both decreased with the distance from the ventilation tube in a power law. Vertically, both the flow rate and velocity decreased exponentially with the height of the grain. The ventilation in the grain stack area was more uniform in the vertical (longitudinal) direction than in the transverse (radial) direction, and the air velocity in the upper and lower part of the grain in the silo was higher than that in region from the vertical ventilation wall to 0.9m away from the central ventilation tube. It was found that the annular baffle with radius of 0.5 m and 0.9m could cover the upper surface and bottom of the silo respectively to improve uniformity of the ventilation. The airflow in the bottom of the silo was highest, followed by the upper surface. The minimum flow rate in the silo wall was only 24.6%, meaning that 1/4 of the flow was discharged from the silo wall and 3/4 was from the upper and low sides. The volume of the exhaust of the silo wall was on the low side. Wind speed test results were consistent with the simulations, with an average relative error of 16.35%. When pressurized air was flow into the ventilation, air flowed radially and the air velocity in the central silo was higher than that in region proximal to the silo wall. It was suggested that periodically ventilating the silo by blowing pressurized air followed by suction with vacuumed air can improved evenness of the air in the silo. The wind speed measurements in the silo were in good agreement with the simulations, proving that combing CFD with the porous media model was accurate to simulate airflow in the silo. The simulation results provide guidance for improving and optimizing silo management.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Flow rate - Flow velocity - Grain (agricultural product) - Porous materials - Radial flow - Velocity - Ventilation - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Circular steels - Dynamic pressures - Porous medium model - Pressurized air - Provide guidances - Vertical ventilation - Wind speed measurement
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 643.5 Ventilation - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20201708503634
Title:Responses of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions to water and fertilizer management and underlying surface property changes in Lijiang River Basin
Title of translation:漓江流域氮磷排放对水肥管理和下垫面属性变化的响应
Authors:Xu, Baoli (1); Dai, Junfeng (1, 2); Yu, Chenwenjiong (1); Xie, Xiaolin (1); Su, Yijie (1); Zhang, Lihua (1); Pan, Linyan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin; 541004, China; (2) Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin; 541004, China
Corresponding author:Dai, Junfeng(whudjf@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:245-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aimed to simulate the processes of non-point source pollution transport and to identify the corresponding influencing factors using the SWAT model (soil and water assessment tool) in the Qingshitan Irrigation District (QID) of Lijiang River Basin. Field measurements were conducted in Huixian experiment area (HEA) of QID to monitor runoff and the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at the outlet of HEA. In the study measured monthly data were used to calibrate and validate the SWAT model, in which the thickness, bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and available water content of soil were selected to quantify the karst development in HEA. Then scenario analysis was carried out to study the impacts of the irrigation and fertilization in paddy fields, the attributes (area and water storage capacity) of wetlands, and karst development degree on runoff, TN and TP emissions from HEA. The results showed that the SWAT model performed well in simulating runoff, TN and TP emission in the study area with all the relationship coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) and Nash-Suttcliffe efficiency (NSE) between the simulated and measured data higher than 0.70 and 0.63, respectively. The scenario simulation showed that lower fertilization and irrigation could reduce TN and TP emissions by 2.46%-19.18% and 1.86%-14.21%, respectively. When fertilization was decreased by 30%, TN and TP emissions from HEA declined by 11.45% and 8.98%, respectively; and the reductions were 7.79% and 5.81%, respectively, when irrigation water was reduced by 30%, indicating that it was more efficient to decrease TN and TP emissions by reducing fertilization than irrigation and that TN emission was more prone to be reduced by optimized fertilization and irrigation than TP emission. However, the effects of reducing fertilization and irrigation in paddy fields on improving the water quality of outflow were relatively limited. It was needed to excavate the potential of pollutant purification of wetlands in HEA to meet the water quality standard of water function division in Guilin. The scenario simulation showed that variations of area and/or water storage capacity of wetland also affected TN and TP emissions from HEA. Runoff was hardly affected by changing area and water storage capacity of wetlands, however, 12.40% of TN and 10.44% of TP emission were decreased with the area and water storage capacity of wetlands rising by 50%, while TN and TP emission increased by 11.75% and 10.97%, respectively, with decreasing 50% of area and water storage capacity of wetlands. And the efficiency of reducing TN and TP emission of wetland area was higher than water storage capacity. Moreover, it had synergistic effects on TN and TP emissions by simultaneously increasing the area and water storage of wetlands compared with only changing one attribute. Soil parameters describing karst development degree had diverse influences on runoff, TN and TP emissions from subbasins 2, 4, 5. Thinner soil thickness and smaller bulk density decreased runoff, TN and TP emissions, while available water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity demonstrated the opposite effects. The conclusion indicated that more developed karst landscape exacerbated runoff, TN and TP emission. Besides, the runoff was more sensitive to soil thickness and available water content than bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, while TN and TP emissions were more sensitive to soil thickness and bulk density. This study showed that controlling fertilization reasonably, preventing wetland shrinking and water capacity degrading, and maintaining and improving soil structure in the karst area was helping to alleviate nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in the karst irrigation area of Lijiang River Basin, which guided optimizing local agricultural measures and soil and water management.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agricultural runoff - Digital storage - Efficiency - Hydraulic conductivity - Irrigation - Nitrogen fertilizers - Phosphorus - River pollution - Rivers - Soils - Water management - Water pollution control - Water quality - Water supply - Watersheds - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Available water contents - Fertilizer management - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Non-point source pollution - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil and Water assessment tools - Water quality standard - Water storage capacity
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 445.2 Water Analysis - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.18e+01%, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+00% to 1.42e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+00% to 1.92e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.81e+00%, Percentage 7.79e+00%, Percentage 8.98e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20201708503635
Title:Characteristics of dry and wet conversion and dynamic vegetation response in Yarlung Zangbo River basin
Title of translation:雅鲁藏布江流域干湿转换特征及植被动态响应
Authors:Liu, Liu (1, 2); Niu, Qiankun (1, 2); Heng, Jingxia (1, 2); Li, Hao (1, 2); Xu, Zongxue (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (4) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing; 100875, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:175-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Understanding the mechanisms underlying drying-wetting cycles and their consequence for vegetation dynamic is important for sustainable eco-environmental development in alpine regions. We investigated these in this paper by taking the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) basin in southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in the region was calculated using the global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) from 1982 to 2015 to represent the drying-wetting cycles. The spatiotemporal variation of the dry-wet cycles and the responsive vegetation dynamic was investigated using the remotely sensed NDVI (normal difference vegetation index) from GIMMS (global inventory modeling and mapping studies). The results showed that: 1) Spatiotemporal variation of both precipitation and surface air temperature calculated from GLDAS agreed well with the ground-truth data. 2) The spatiotemporal changes in the dry-wet cycles calculated from the SPEI from 1982 to 2015 showed that the YZR basin became increasingly wet from 1982-1999 but changed course in 2000 and has been become increasingly drier since. In particular, the arid areas showed a tendency of wetting whereas the humid areas tended to become drying. 3) The overall vegetation calculated from the NDVI had been in increase from 1982 to 2000 but changed course in 2000 and has been in decline since. In terms of spatial distribution, areas with higher NDVI value represented vegetation degradation, while areas with lower NDVI represented an improvement in vegetation. 4) Approximately 71.83% of the areas saw a positive correlation between the SPEI and NDVI, mainly in the middle and low reaches of the basin which have a high vegetation coverage. Areas showing negative correlation between SPEI and NDVI were small and not statistically significant. The high consistency between spatiotemporal variation of the NDVI and SPEI indicated that the drying-wetting cycles played an important role in vegetation dynamics. 5) The driving forces of the dry-wet cycles were precipitation, surface air temperature, potential evapotranspiration and soil water content, which were consistent with that estimated from SPEI. In addition, the SPEI showed that soil water content was the dominant factor impacting the drying-wetting in 92.17% of the areas in the region. Results of this study have important implications for evaluating water cycles and the associated vegetation dynamics in alpine regions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Wetting
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Curricula - Drying - Evapotranspiration - Soil moisture - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Land data assimilation systems - Potential evapotranspiration - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Spatio-temporal changes - Spatio-temporal variation - Surface air temperatures - Vegetation degradation - Yarlung zangbo river basins
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 901.2 Education
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.18e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20201708503681
Title:Influence mechanism of farmers' diaspora housing pattern in Heilongjiang reclamation areas
Title of translation:黑龙江垦区农户散居住宅格局影响机制
Authors:Sui, Hongjun (1); Zhang, Hui (2); Qiao, Guangyin (2); Qiu, Kaiyu (2); Liu, Haoran (2); Jiang, Peilin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China; (2) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hui(2003zhanghui@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:284-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a kind of rural residential regions, scattered residential regions in the fields are the inevitable outcome of large-scale habitat-based regions that cannot meet the needs of agricultural planting activities. The rapid development of scattered residential regions in the fields would reduce the effective cultivated land region and cause waste of land resources. Therefore, in order to clarify the influence mechanism of scattered residence pattern in Heilongjiang reclamation region, taking 859 Farm under the jurisdiction of Jiansanjiang Administration Bureau of Heilongjiang reclamation area as the research region, this paper used spatial analysis, coupling degree model, multivariate statistical analysis to explore the influence mechanism of scattered residence pattern. The results show that: 1) 859 Farm has both large-scale habitat-based regions and scattered residential regions in the fields. The number of habitat-based regions is relatively small and the land use mode is relatively intensive. However, some farmers still own scattered residential regions in the fields while owning large-scale habitat-based regions, and the number is relatively large, about 15 times that of large-scale habitat-based regions. It also shows the spatial differentiation characteristics of dense central region and sparse east and west, resulting in extensive residential land use in the study region, reducing the effective cultivated land region and intensifying the contradiction between supply and demand of farm land resources. 2) The average value, the maximum value and the median value of the coupling degree between scattered residential regions in the fields and agricultural planting activities in the study region are 0.52, 1.00 and 0.60, respectively. The coupling degree between the systems is relatively high. Moreover, the spatial differentiation characteristics of coupling degree between scattered residential regions in the fields and agricultural planting activity system and the distribution state of kernel density show spatial consistency. Agricultural planting activities are related to scattered residential regions in the fields to a certain extent, so cultivated land structure, cultivated land region, field fragmentation, tillage radius and deviation distance are the influencing factors of scattered residential regions in the fields in the study region. 3) The main factors influencing the pattern of scattered residential regions in the study area are the attributes of cultivated land (tillage radius, cultivated land region, fragmentation degree of cultivated land) and the status of cultivated land use (cultivated land structure), while the influence of deviation distance is slightly small and is not the main factor. Cultivated land structure and tillage radius are the direct factors, while cultivated land region and field fragmentation are the indirect influencing factors. The mismatch between cultivated land structure and tillage radius makes the study region show the regional characteristics of gathering in the middle and dispersing in the east and west.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Agriculture - Economics - Ecosystems - Housing - Multivariant analysis - Natural resources - Reclamation
Uncontrolled terms:Deviation distances - Fragmentation degree - Influence mechanism - Multivariate statistical analysis - Regional characteristics - Rural residential - Spatial consistency - Spatial differentiation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922 Statistical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20201708503671
Title:Variation characteristics of soil aggregates under main vegetation types in Qilian Mountainous areas
Title of translation:祁连山区主要植被类型下土壤团聚体变化特征
Authors:Wei, Xia (1); He, Yan (1); Wei, Ning (2); Yu, Wenzhu (1); Cui, Xia (1); Zhao, Hengce (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) College of Science, Northwest Agriculture and Forester University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:148-155
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil aggregates reflect the stability of soil structure, soil fertility and quality, and they are closely related to the environmental quality, soil and water loss, and soil erosion. Although vegetation types, soil depths, and altitude likely have important effects on soil properties and soil aggregates, few studies have concentrated on the relationships between their interactive effects and soil aggregate stability on the regional scale. In order to study the variation characteristics of soil aggregates in the Qilian Mountains. In this study, 4 vegetation type zones (desert, steppe, meadow, and shrub) were selected in the Qilian Mountains (northwest China) as the subjects. The stability and size distribution of soil aggregates was measured by the method of wet-sieving. The characteristics of soil aggregate index were analyzed at different soil depths and different altitudes, including the percentage of water-stable aggregate (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), mean weight soil specific area (MWSSA), aggregate processing damage rate ( PAD) and fractal dimension (D). The results showed that the coefficients of variation of soil aggregate index under the 4 vegetation types were high (ranging from 10.91% to 62.50%), which indicated a moderate spatial variability. Among the 4 grassland types, WSA, MWD, GMD and MWSSA all showed the same increased in order: desert < steppe or meadow <shrub, PAD and D both followed an increasing order of meadow <shrub < steppe < desert in 0-30 cm depth, but at the >30-40 cm depth, no significant differences in aggregate stability index were found among different vegetation types (P>0.05). The reason why the aggregate stability of desert was lowest could be explained by the fact that the lower soil organic carbon (SOC) and biomass of desert, and the small aggregates couldn't be formed. Along the vertical direction of the soil profiles from aboveground to underground, with the increase of soil depth (0-40 cm), WSA, MWD, GMD, and MWSSA gradually all decreased. Whereas PAD and D behaved opposite to them, and with the increase in soil depth, they gradually increased, which indicated that the stability and aggregation degree of soil aggregates decreased with soil depth. This could be explained as that the SOC appeared enrichment phenomenon in the 0-20 cm layer and decreased with soil depth. The soil aggregate index all tended to be significantly higher in surface layer than in lower layers only at the meadow (P<0.05), but no significant difference in MWSSA (P>0.05) were found among all soil depths. With increasing altitude, the aggregate stability (WSA, MWD, and GMD) increased gradually from 1 692 m, reached a peak at 2 800 m, and then decreased quickly. But the trends were reverse for the PAD and D, and there was no significant correlation between MWSSA and altitude under different vegetation types (P>0.05), which suggested that their distribution clearly showed unimodal patterns across all the altitude. This indicated that the stability and aggregation degree of soil aggregates first increased and then decreased with increasing altitude, and the maximum point appeared at elevation of 2 800 m. In addition, correlation analysis showed that WSA, MWD, and GMD were mainly affected by 1-4 mm, D was mainly affected by 0.038-0.25 mm, and MWSSA couldn't accurately express the characteristics of water-stable aggregates. This research will guide the practice of reducing soil erosion for the different conditions and different vegetation types, and results have great significance for controlling grassland degradation, promoting soil structure stability and the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Aggregates - Erosion - Fractal dimension - Landforms - Organic carbon - Stability - Sustainable development - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Aggregate stability indices - Coefficients of variations - Environmental quality - Fractal dimensions (d) - Geometric mean diameters - Soil aggregate stability - Variation characteristics - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.09e+01% to 6.25e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-03m to 4.00e-03m, Size 1.69e+03m, Size 2.80e+03m, Size 3.80e-05m to 2.50e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20201708503651
Title:Influence of seal clearance of runner on internal fluid field in Francis turbine
Title of translation:转轮下环间隙对混流式水轮机内部流动特性的影响
Authors:Wu, Zijuan (1); Liang, Wuke (1); Dong, Wei (2); Gao, Chenhui (1); Chen, Diyi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Liang, Wuke(liangwuke@vip.163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:23-29
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The performance and stability of turbine are easily affected by the complex turbulence such as clearance vortex and leakage flow. For the purpose of analyzing the influence of seal clearance on the energy features and interior flow characteristics of Francis turbine, with referencing N-S equation and SST turbulence model, the three-dimensional steady flow in the full flow passage of the Francis turbine model under five schemes of clearance were calculated. Four flow rates were chosen as: 0.6 Q<inf>d</inf>, 0.8 Q<inf>d</inf>, Q<inf>d</inf> and 1.2 Q<inf>d</inf>. Five schemes of clearance size were selected of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.3 mm. By comparing the effects of different clearance schemes on the efficiency and volume loss of Francis turbine, the relationship between clearance and turbine performance was analyzed based on the characteristics of internal fluid field, and the calculation results showed that by increasing the size of clearance, the turbine efficiency could be reduced, and the leakage of the turbine indicated an upward trend. When the turbine operated at a small flow rate of 0.6 Q<inf>d</inf>, the clearance appeared the most obvious influence on the energy features of the turbine. With the increase of clearance, the leakage ratio increased from 0.18% to 0.54%, and the efficiency decreased by 4.1 percentage points. At the flow rate of 1.2 Q<inf>d</inf>, the clearance presented the least influence on the energy features of the turbine. The leakage ratio increased from 0.07% to 0.27%, and the efficiency decreased by 1.38 percentage points when the clearance was increased. If the turbine was operated at small flow rates of 0.6 Q<inf>d</inf> and 0.8 Q<inf>d</inf>, the clearance increased, and the internal fluid fields inside both the clearance and the draft tube deteriorated slightly. The average velocity in the clearance increased gradually, and the eddy current intensity in the inlet and outlet pressure chambers of the clearance increased little by little, the volume of vortex rope in the center of draft tube inlet was increased simultaneously. If the unit was operated at a large flow rate of 1.2 Q<inf>d</inf>, with the clearance increased from 0.4 mm to 1.3 mm, the characteristics of fluid field inside clearance and the pressure distribution on the suction surface of the runner blades, also the fluid field inside the draft tube were all improved. The area of negative pressure zone on suction surface of runner blades decreased, and the volume of the cavity vortex rope at the inlet center of the draft tube decreased, the streamline inside the draft tube also tended to be smooth. This study could provide an effective reference for the design of seal clearance of Francis turbine.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Flow rate
Controlled terms:Eddy current testing - Francis turbines - Navier Stokes equations - Tubes (components) - Turbulence models - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation results - Negative pressures - Outlet pressures - Percentage points - SST turbulence models - Suction surfaces - Turbine efficiency - Turbine performance
Classification code:617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e-01% to 5.40e-01%, Percentage 7.00e-02% to 2.70e-01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.30e-03m, Size 4.00e-04m to 1.30e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20201708503701
Title:Effects of Yindaruqin irrigation project on groundwater chemical compositions in Qinwangchuan basin in Gansu Province
Title of translation:"引大入秦"灌溉工程对甘肃秦王川盆地地下水化学组分的影响
Authors:Lü, Xiaoli (1, 2); Liu, Jingtao (1); Han, Zhantao (1, 2); Zhu, Liang (1); Chen, Xi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China; (2) China Geological Survey and Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jingtao(728881944@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:166-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydraulic project alerts hydrological cycle and changes biochemistry of water as a result. In this paper, we investigated the change in groundwater chemistry in Qinwangchuan basin as affected by the Yindaruqin irrigation project. Groundwater samples were taken from the basin and were chemically analyzed before and after the irrigation project was in operation. The change in groundwater chemistry was analyzed using methods including statistics, Gibbs graphs and ions ratios. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of all main ions was larger than 10%, with their CV in the plain area being higher than that in the loess hill area. The total dissolved solids in the groundwater were currently high, with Na<sup>+</sup> being the dominant cation and Cl<sup>-</sup> and SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2-</sup> the dominant anions. Salty and brackish water was found in most parts of the basin, and fresh water with total dissolved solids less than 1.0 g/L existed only in the middle of the basin. The total dissolved solids in the groundwater decreased from the loess hills at the edge of the basin towards the central plain area, and the associated hydro-chemical type of the groundwater changed gradually from Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup> Na type to HCO<inf>3</inf>•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup> Na type. Before the irrigation project was constructed, the main geochemical type of the groundwater was Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup> Na, Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup> Na•Mg and SO<inf>4</inf>•Cl <sup>-</sup> Na. At earlier operating stage of the project, leaching of soluble salts from the topsoil led to an increase in total dissolved solids and hardness in the groundwater. With the decrease in soluble salts in the topsoil due to leaching, however, the total dissolved solids in the groundwater have been in decline since 2009, especially in the center of the plain where the total dissolved solids in the groundwater in some areas had reduced to < 1.0 g/L from > 3.0 g/L and the groundwater type changed from Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na to HCO<inf>3</inf>•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na, HCO<inf>3</inf>•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na•Ca•Mg, and Cl•SO<inf>4</inf>•HCO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup> Na, respectively. In contrast, the groundwater chemistry in the loess hills at the edge of the basin did not show significant change due to limited irrigation, and its chemical type is still Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na•Mg despite a slight increase in total dissolved solids and total hardness. The groundwater type at Dangpu area in the southern basin changed from Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na to Cl•SO<inf>4</inf><sup>-</sup>Na•Mg, with a light decrease in total dissolved solids and total hardness. The change in groundwater chemistry in the Qinwangchuan basin is affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. The infiltration and salt leaching due to irrigation increased the total dissolved solids in the groundwater initially followed by a dilution. Rock weathering and dissolution of minerals increased the total dissolved solids, and groundwater evaporation also increased the total dissolved solids in areas where the groundwater table was shallow. The ions in the groundwater originated from silicate weathering and dissolution of halite, along with the evaporation-induced condensation. Industry did not affect groundwater chemistry but the application of chemical fertilizer led to an increase in NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup> in the groundwater. These results provide a useful dataset for sustainable management of the groundwater resources in proximal areas of the Qinwangchuan irrigation project.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Hydrochemistry
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Dissolution - Evaporation - Fertilizers - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hardness - Ions - Irrigation - Leaching - Sediments - Silicates - Sodium - Sodium chloride - Weathering
Uncontrolled terms:Anthropogenic factors - Chemical fertilizers - Coefficient of variation - Dissolution of minerals - Groundwater chemical composition - Groundwater chemistry - Sustainable management - Total dissolved solids
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20201708503632
Title:Design and test of lateral stubble cleaning blade for corn stubble field
Title of translation:玉米原茬地侧向清茬刀设计与试验
Authors:Hou, Shouyin (1); Chen, Haitao (1); Zou, Zhen (1); Wei, Zhipeng (1); Zhang, Yanlong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Haitao(htchen@neau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:59-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Non-till farming has attracted increasing attention in developing sustainable agriculture, but the straws and the stubbles left over after harvest could block dispatch of fertilizer and seeds in seed drilling, which could detach the seeds and soil and result in nonuniform seed drilling both vertically and horizontally. Therefore, developing devices able to clean and crush the corn straw on seedbed before fertilization and seed drilling/spraying are demanded. However, the existing blade in such devices for laterally cutting the stubbles cannot completely clean and transport the stubble. The leftovers in soil make seed drilling problematic as they could block seed dispatch, increase energy consumption and, under certain circumstances, even make the sowing device unbale to operate. In order to resolve these problems, we designed a device to laterally cut and remove the stubbles from corn field. In this paper, we analyzed its efficacy in stubble clearance, soil disturbance, energy consumption, as well as conveying and throwing the cut/cleaned stubbles. The optimal structure of the stubble-cleaning blade and the working parameters of the device were calculated by taking the bending angle of the blade α, the transverse cutting edge B, and the angular velocity of the blade ω as determinants, and the stubble clearance rate, soil disturbance rate and equivalent energy consumption of the blade as quantitative indexes of its performance, using the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that the stubble clearance rate was significantly impacted by the bending angle, while the performance indexes were significantly impacted by the width and angular velocity of the blade. The factors that affected the performance of the device were ranked in the order of bending angle > transverse cutting edge > angular velocity. It was also found that soil disturbance rate was mostly impacted by the transverse cutting edge, followed by the bending angle and the angular velocity, while the equivalent energy consumption was mostly affected the transverse cutting edge, followed by the bending angle and the velocity of the cutter tooth angle. The optimized results for the device operation were that when the operation speed was 7.2 km/h, the bending angle was 0.86 rad, the transverse cutting edge was 50 mm, and the angular velocity was 52 rad/s, the associated stubble clearance rate was 94.3%, soil disturbance rate was 54.3%, and the equivalent energy consumption was 3.4 kW. Under these conditions, clogging and straw entanglement did not occur. The results in this paper are helpful for designing devices to clear straw and stubbles left over after harvest in no-till farming.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Angular velocity - Cutting - Cutting tools - Energy utilization - Infill drilling - Soil testing - Soils - Structural optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Equivalent energy - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Optimal structures - Performance indices - Soil disturbances - Sustainable agriculture - Transverse cutting - Working parameters
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Angular_Velocity 5.20e+01rad/s, Percentage 5.43e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Power 3.40e+03W, Size 5.00e-02m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20201708503630
Title:Design and test of nail-teeth roller-type residual film recovery device before sowing
Title of translation:钉齿滚筒式播前残膜回收装置设计与试验
Authors:Chen, Xinghua (1); Chen, Xuegeng (1); Li, Jingbin (1); Li, Chengsong (2); Yang, Yukun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jingbin(ljb8095@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:30-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Residual plastic films degrade soil structure and have a detrimental impact on seed germination and the subsequent seedling development and establishment, thereby leading to reductions in crop yield. Removing the films from soil prior to sowing is hence critical to safeguarding crop growth. This paper presents a roller-type device incorporated into ploughing machine to simultaneously strip, collect the films from the soil and then unload them in a row prior to sowing. The device was nail-teeth designed to pick up and strip the residual films. The optimal combination of the structure and working parameters of the device was theoretically analyze using a quadratic regression orthogonal rotation test by taking forward speed of the machine, rotating speed of film pick up roller and rotating speed of film stripping shaft as determinants, and the efficiency of both film pick up rate and film stripping rate to represent the performance of the device. The significance of each determinant in affecting the rate of film pick up and stripping was analyzed using the Design-Expert software. The results show that in terms of impact on film pick up rate, the three determinants were ranked in the order of machine forward speed > rotating speed of film pick up roller > rotating speed of film stripping shaft, while in terms of impact on film stripping rate, the determinants were ranked in the order of rotating speed of film stripping shaft > rotating speed of film pick up roller > machine forward speed. Optimization calculated using MATLAB showed that the optimal working parameters were: device forward speed 1.62 m/s, rotating speed of film pick up roller 90 r/min, and rotating speed of film stripping shaft 1 055 r/min. We verified these optimal results against field experiments and found that the film pick up and film stripping rate was 70.56% and 82.96%, respectively. The differences between the experimental results and the calculated results was small, indicating that the optimized working parameters were reliable and robust.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Speed
Controlled terms:Crops - MATLAB - Nails - Pickups - Rollers (machine components) - Rotating machinery - Seed - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Field experiment - Optimal combination - Orthogonal rotations - Quadratic regression - Seed germination - Seedling development - Structure and working parameters - Working parameters
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.06e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.06e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 9.00e+01RPM, Velocity 1.62e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20201708503691
Title:Change rule of storage quality and optimization of storage condition for Camellia oleifera seeds
Title of translation:油茶籽储藏品质变化规律及条件优化
Authors:Zhu, Guangfei (1); Liu, Hai (2); Li, Wei (1); Liu, Yanhong (1); Xie, Yucen (3); Zhang, Yue (1); Xie, Yongkang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou; 341000, China; (3) Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman; WA; 99164, United States
Corresponding author:Liu, Yanhong(liuyanhong@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:301-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Camellia oleifera seed, commonly known as the oil-seed camellia seed or oil-tea camellia seed, just like oil palm, olive and coconut, is one of the most prominent woody edible oilseeds. Camellia oleifera seed oil, one of the favorite cooking oil used wildly in China's southern provinces and Southeast Asia, has much in common with olive oil in chemical composition drawing great attention from the public, with high amounts of oleic acids (76.1%-83.3%) and linoleic acid (7.0%-11.03%) and was often titled as "Eastern Olive Oil". However, it is not easy to store the seeds because of the high total amount of unsaturated fatty acids up to 90% and high temperature and high humidity climate in Camellia oleifera seed producing area, which are tend to lead to the quality degradation during storage. In order to maintain good storage quality, the effects of storage conditions on quality of Camellia oleifera seeds and the reasons for them were explored in this study. Using moisture content of material (7%, 8.5%, 10%, 11.5%, 13%), air relative humidity (50%, 60%, 70, 80%) and storage temperature (4, 15, 20, 25℃) as single factors, the change in oil content, acid value and peroxide value of Camellia oleifera seeds were determined during the 8-months storage. At the same time, the lipase activity, lipoxygenase activity and the growth of microorganisms, which were highly related to the increases of acid value and peroxide value, were also investigated during storage. The change trend of oil content showed an increase in the beginning and decreased after the peak, indicating that there was a phenomenon of post-ripening observed during the storage. In this study, the post-ripening period of stored Camellia oleifera seeds was 3-4 months, which was similar to the post-ripening period of 2-3 months for peanut and was obviously longer than the post-ripening period of 10-20 days for corn. The acid value and peroxide value were increased with the increase of moisture content of material, storage temperature and storage time. The significantly positive correlation between the lipase activity and the acid value indicated that the increase for acid value of Camellia oleifera seeds during storage was mainly due to the accumulation of free fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of fat resulting from lipase. Within 6-months storage, only a few of molds of Camellia oleifera seeds were observed. However, once microorganisms grew in large quantities with the prolongation of storage time, lipase would be produced to further promote the increase of acid value. In addition, based on the above results, the effects of moisture content of material, air relative humidity, storage temperature and storage time on oil content, acid value and peroxide value were investigated using response surface method. The regression equation predicting quality variation was established and it proposed that suitable air relative humidity and storage temperature can promote the post-ripening of Camellia oleifera seeds during storage. The comprehensive optimization ranges of Camellia oleifera seed storage parameters, obtained using frequency analysis method from the regression analysis of standardized comprehensive score values, were as follows: air relative humidity of 57.6%-67.4%, temperature of 17.2℃-20.4℃, moisture content of 8.9%-10.4%, storage time of 62.2d-110.3d. Under the optimal conditions, the comprehensive qualities of Camellia oleifera seed oil are good. In order to make the best of post-ripening effect and improve the storage quality, it is suggested that in practical operation, air relative humidity of the storage during post-ripening period should be 1%-2% higher than the storage after the post-ripening stage, and the temperature should be 1℃-2℃ higher. This study can provide support for storage and the subsequent oil processing of Camellia oleifera seeds to improve the oil production rate and guarantee the quality.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Storage (materials)
Controlled terms:Linoleic acid - Microorganisms - Moisture - Moisture determination - Oilseeds - Olive oil - Oxidation - Palm oil - Peroxides - Regression analysis - Unsaturated fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Camellia oleifera seeds - Chemical compositions - Comprehensive optimizations - Comprehensive qualities - Oil-tea camellia seeds - Positive correlations - Response surface method - Storage temperatures
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 694.4 Storage - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.67e-01yr to 2.50e-01yr, Age 2.50e-01yr to 3.33e-01yr, Age 2.74e-02yr to 5.48e-02yr, Age 5.00e-01yr, Age 6.67e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00% to 2.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.76e+01% to 6.74e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00% to 1.10e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 7.61e+01% to 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Percentage 8.90e+00% to 1.04e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20201708503644
Title:Measuring nutrient content of green forage in silage using near-infrared spectroscopy
Title of translation:贮备饲料近红外光谱模型快速预测青绿饲料营养成分含量
Authors:Chen, Huazhou (1, 2); Xu, Lili (3); Lin, Bin (1); Qiao, Hanli (1); Gu, Jie (1, 2); Wen, Jiangbei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin; 541004, China; (2) Guangdong Spectrastar Instruments Co. Ltd., Guangzhou; 510663, China; (3) College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou; 535011, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:331-336
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Real-time monitoring of nutrient content of green forage in silage is essential to understanding how the nutrition change with time. In this paper we present a method to estimate nutrient content of the green forage using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Based on calibrated NIR models, a optimization model was modified and applied to estimate the nutrient. All green forage samples were collected from a grassland and their spectroscopy scanning was conducted in laboratory under controlled temperature and humidity. The results of 230 samples were used to train the chemometric algorithmic model, and the local optimization model was constructed using the modified partial least squares (M-PLS) algorithm combined with local random sample technique, local optimization and discontinuous adjustment of model parameters, and cross validation. For both silage and green forages, we measured nitrogen content, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in 120 samples each. As a comparison, a global calibration model was also constructed based on the full-length waveband and applied to validate against the silage forage samples. The results showed that the square error of the prediction was 1.02 for nitrogen, 16.56 for nutrient NDF and 13.47 for nutrient ADF. The standard prediction errors were small and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9, with the relative derivation greater than 3. The model calibrated against the silage forage samples was able to predict nutrient content in both silage samples and green forage samples with SEP being 0.90 for nitrogen, 14.11 for NDF and 9.98 for ADF. The associated correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9, with the RPD greater than 3. All these results meet the standard for fast detection. The model calibrated locally can deal with non-linear molecular structure and non-uniform response of NIR spectroscopy. Experimental examination revealed that the locally calibrated model was more effective than the global model, and we can thus conclude that the NIR calibration model against the silage samples is able to predict nutrient content of green forage samples, especially the locally calibrated model.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Infrared devices
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Humidity control - Least squares approximations - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Acid detergent fiber - Controlled temperature - Correlation coefficient - Experimental examination - Modified partial least squares - Neutral detergent fiber - Optimization modeling - Real time monitoring
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20201708503703
Title:Evaluation of cultivated land quality under changed cultivated land use pattern based on change vector analysis
Title of translation:基于变化向量的耕地利用方式变化下耕地质量评价
Authors:Zhu, Jinxia (1); Xu, Baogen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The quantity and quality of cultivated land plays an important role in our country's food security and the long-term stability of the community. It is important to assess the change of cultivated land quality under the changed cultivated land use pattern. This study aims to explore an effective method for detecting the changed information of cultivated land quality at county-level. Songyang County, Zhejiang province was selected as the study area to evaluate the cultivated land quality based on change vector analysis. The evaluation method was supported by Remote Sensing data and spatial analysis of GIS. There are obvious differentiation in space of cultivated land use patterns of Songyang County between 2006 and 2013. Among them, the Songgu Basin mainly planted economic crop tea, while the rice planting was scattered around the whole county. The areas where the cultivated land use pattern changed significantly were mainly concentrated in the Songgu Basin. 18 pairs of "tea-to-rice" types and 33 pairs of "rice-to-tea" were selected to analyze the changes of cultivated land quality. Combined with the characteristics of Songyang county cultivated land, the object evaluation index system was constructed from the aspects of natural factors, human factors and location factors with the principles of productivity, feasibility, typicality and dominance. In this study, the change vector was used to highlight the change information of cultivated land quality. At the same time, the proposed canonical correlation analysis (CCA)based multivariate alteration detection (MAD) method was applied to minimize the correlation effect to the greatest extent, and highlight the changing of cultivated land quality under the changed cultivated land use pattern in the form of maximizing variance. It was a feasible way for monitoring the change of cultivated land quality. In addition, expectation maximization algorithm based on Gaussian mixture model (EM-GMM) was used to label the change of cultivated land quality. The results of MAD demonstrated the change information of cultivated land quality. The closer the value of the MAD result is to 0, the smaller the difference between the cultivated land quality between 2006 and 2013. The greater the difference of the index of cultivated land quality between different phases, the more likely the quality of cultivated land changes. The variables of MAD3 and MAD1 were used to analyze the effects of changed cultivated land use pattern on the quality of cultivated land, such as rice-to-tea and tea-to-rice. The quantitative proportion of the changed cultivated land quality level was compared by using two different methods, change vector analysis (CVA) and agricultural land classification method (national grade). The agreement between two methods in monitoring the quality of cultivated land was more than 80%-100%, the matching degree of increased cultivated land quality was 16.6%-50%, and the matching degree of declined cultivated land quality was66.7%-100%. Results demonstrated that the proposed change vector based change detection of cultivated land quality provide a quantitative data support for the rational optimization and allocation of cultivated land use pattern, which is significantly maintaining the stable quality and the sustainable development of cultivated land. Further research is needed on other scales, such as city, province. The proposed method should be further tested in other regions containing more complex conditions.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Food supply - Gaussian distribution - Image segmentation - Maximum principle - Quality control - Remote sensing - Tea - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Alteration detections - Canonical correlation analysis - Change vector analysis - Changes of cultivated lands - Cultivated land qualities - Expectation-maximization algorithms - Gaussian Mixture Model - Rational optimization
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.1 Algebra - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.66e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01% to 1.00e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.2.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20201708503674
Title:Characteristics of water and salt transport in subsurface pipes with geotextiles under salt dischargeconditions
Title of translation:外包土工布暗管排盐条件下水盐运移规律
Authors:Chen, Mingyuan (1); Huang, Jiesheng (1); Zeng, Wenzhi (1); Ao, Chang (1); Liu, Dan (1); Liu, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Jiesheng(sdjshuang@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:130-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinization is an important environmental problem restricting agricultural development. Fresh water leaching combined with subsurface drainage is one of the most effective, fast and widely used methods for salt removal. However, some existing researches only considered the influence of subsurface pipes on drainage, salt discharge and water-salt distribution, there were few studies about the dynamic change of groundwater and the transport of soil water-salt under subsurface pipes drainage in Xinjiang. Moreover, many existing studies adopted sand gravels as filtering layer of subsurface pipes, there was obviously insufficient research on subsurface pipe technology using geotextile envelope as filter layer. This study designed an indoor drainage experiment of subsurface pipe with geotextile envelope, studied the relative position of subsurface pipe depth and groundwater depth at initial stage of drainage and the condition of water-salt discharge, the water-salt discharge effect of subsurface pipe and the dynamic transport law of water and salt in the soil profile during the whole process from the beginning of leaching to the end of drainage. The results showed that whether the initial state of soil is unsaturated or field-holding, the subsurface pipe would not begin to drain until the groundwater completely submerge subsurface pipe, at this time, the salt discharge was the largest, after that the drainage flow increased first and then decreased, the groundwater level also rose first and declined then, and the salt content of groundwater changed from accumulation to desalination with the increase of leaching water. Meanwhile, comparing the results of two leaching tests, the water-salt discharge effects of subsurface pipes in test 2 were better than those in test 1. When unsaturated soil was leached, the soil desalination rate gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth, the desalination rate of 0-20 cm soil (> 85%) was the largest, and decreased to the non-saline level. the soil desalination rate around subsurface pipe was relatively small (< 60%), and still at moderate saline level. In the horizontal direction, the soil desalinization rate the around subsurface pipe was relatively large, and the desalinization rate of 0-20 cm soil layer had little difference. The further away the 20-40 cm soil layer was from subsurface pipe, the smaller the soil desalinization rate was. Test 2 was carried out on the basis of test 1, the salinity change of 0-20 cm soil was small, and the desalinization rate of 20-40 cm soil layer increased (> 60%). In addition, the desalinization effect of test 1 was greater than that of salt drainage by subsurface pipe, which mainly discharged soil salt above subsurface pipe. For test 2, the salt discharge effect of the subsurface pipe was increased, not only removed salt from soil around subsurface pipe, but also removed salt from the soil and groundwater below subsurface pipe. With the increase of leaching water, the soil changed from desalting type to salt discharging type. Finally, this study showed that the application of subsurface pipe with geotextile envelope is affected by the relative position of groundwater depth and subsurface pipe depth, and affected by initial soil water content. Reasonable increase of leaching water volume can increase the water-salt discharge effect and soil desalination effect, effectively improve soil salinization. In addition, the specific applicable conditions of subsurface pipe with geotextile envelope, the influence of the relative position of subsurface pipe and groundwater on water-salt discharge effect, and the determination of reasonable leaching water amount under different initial soil water contents are all issues worthy of further research. This research results can provide theoretical support and scientific guidance for the popularization and application of subsurface pipe salt discharge technology under different groundwater depths in arid areas of northwest China.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Desalination - Drainage - Geotextiles - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Groundwater resources - Leaching - Soil moisture - Underwater soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Applicable conditions - Drainage experiments - Environmental problems - Ground water depths - Relative positions - Subsurface drainages - Water and salt transports
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20201708503666
Title:Yield and water use efficiency of potato at different irrigation levels in agro-pastoral ecotone under future climate change
Title of translation:未来气候情景下农牧交错带不同灌溉水平马铃薯产量和水分利用效率
Authors:Tang, Jianzhao (1); Xiao, Dengpan (1); Bai, Huizi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Geographical Sciences, Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang; 050011, China
Corresponding author:Xiao, Dengpan(xiaodengpan168@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:103-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Understanding the impacts of climate change on potato production is critical for future food security in agro-pastoral ecotone (APE) of North China. In this study, the APSIM-Potato model was calibrated and validated at Zhangbei (ZB) and Wuchuan (WC) stations by using filed experimental data. At Zhangbei a long-term (2011-2017) experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions, with Dabaihua' potato cultivar planted in 1000 m<sup>2</sup> plots. Potato production at Wuchuan station was under irrigated conditions, 4 irrigation levels of 0, 90, 180 and 360 mm were designed in the experiment and each treatment replicated 3 times. Experimental data in 2011 and 2012 from ZB site and the values for WC site in 2015 were used to calibrate the model. The validation years were 2014 and 2017 for ZB site and 2016 for WC site. The trial-and-error method was used to calibrate the model. The calibrated model was then used to assess the impacts of future climate change on irrigated potato yield and evapotranspiration at the 2 typical sites under different irrigation levels with amount of 60, 120, 180 and 240 mm. The future daily climate data at the 2 sites were statistically downscaled from 33 global climate models (GCMs) under 2 representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results showed that APSIM-Potato model accurately simulated potato yield and soil water storage under both of rainfed and irrigated conditions with the relative error of yield not higher than 22.6%. The ensemble of downscaled GCM projections showed significant increase in growing season temperature in the period 2021-2040 (2030s), 2051-2070 (2060s) and 2081-2100 (2090s) compared with the baseline period 1981-2010. Total solar radiation during the growing season of potato had decreased trend in the 2030s under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios at the 2 sites, while showed a slight increase in 2060s and 2090s compared with the baseline period 1981-2010. Total precipitation in the growing season of potato showed increase trend in all 3 future periods under RCP4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the 2 sites. Compared with irrigated yield under baseline period (1981-2010), the yield under RCP4.5 in 2030s-2090s could be increased by 4.1%-36.2% and 2.5%-13.6% at Zhangbei and Wuchuan, respectively. For RCP8.5 the values were 3.1%-36.8% and 3.1%-38.5% at Zhangbei and Wuchuan, respectively. The evapotranspiration of potato showed an increase trend under most periods under RCPs, however decreased by 0.12% at Zhangbei under RCP4.5 and by 0.8% at Wuchuan under RCP8.5 in 2090s. Water use efficiency (WUE) of potato showed an increased trend in 2030s-2090s under both RCPs. Our results suggested that future climate change will have more positive effects on irrigated potato production in the APE.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Climate models - Digital storage - Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Food storage - Food supply - Irrigation - Soil moisture - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agro-pastoral ecotones - Calibrated model - Global climate model - Rainfed condition - Soil water storage - Total precipitation - Trial-and-error method - Water-use efficiency
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.00e+03m2, Percentage 1.20e-01%, Percentage 2.26e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00% to 1.36e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00% to 3.68e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+00% to 3.85e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+00% to 3.62e+01%, Percentage 8.00e-01%, Size 1.80e-01m, Size 2.40e-01m, Size 3.60e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20201708503653
Title:Method to detect granary state based on statistical characteristics of grain temperature
Title of translation:基于粮温统计特征的粮仓库存状态检测方法
Authors:Cui, Hongwei (1); Wu, Wenfu (1); Wu, Zidan (1); Lan, Tianyi (1); Dou, Jianpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zidan(Wuzidan91@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:320-330
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate detection of historical status of granary is helpful for its management. Based on statistical analysis of grain temperature in granary, this paper presents a method to detect the storage status of the granary in attempts to resolve the problem of time-consuming and tediousness faced by inventory inspection. Warehouse with state of being empty, filled with fresh grain and ventilation was used as an example. Analysis of the distribution of statistical characteristics of historical grain temperature showed that the empty warehouse could be detected using the difference in temperature between the upper and lower adjacent layers of the grain bulk as well as the variation of the grain temperature; the fresh grain could be detected by the difference in temperature between adjacent layers and the difference in standard deviation of the grain temperature; the ventilation could be detected by the change in the grain temperature and the standard deviation difference of the grain temperature. The threshold intervals of the characteristic parameters of the three states were set preliminarily from analysis of the statistical characteristics of the grain temperature. Based on the threshold intervals, three optimal levels were selected and the orthogonal experiments of two-factors and three-levels were designed. In the same grain depot with 11 granaries, new and ventilated granaries were chosen for the orthogonal experiments. The optimal threshold range of the statistical characteristic parameters were determined by analyzing the statistical characteristics of the historical grain temperature changes in the 11 granaries. Multi-variable decision tree for inventory status detection was designed and the optimal threshold of the characteristic parameters of the multi-variable decision tree were as follows. The temperature difference between adjacent layers for empty granary status detection was [-0.12, 0.12]℃. The temperature difference between adjacent layers was more than 0.02 (or 0.03)℃, and the standard deviation was less than 2.0 (or 2.1)℃. The average temperature change rate in the parameters for detecting the ventilation characteristics was [-0.5, 0.5]℃/d and the standard deviation change rate was [-0.21, 0.21]℃/d. Finally, seven granaries in different provinces were selected to test the detection method. The results showed that the accuracy and recall rates were 78% and 82% respectively for the empty granary state, and 74% and 70% respectively for new grain state, and 91% and 88% respectively for ventilated state. The test results showed that the proposed method detected granary at empty and ventilated state more accurate than at new grain state.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Grain elevators
Controlled terms:Decision trees - Statistics - Ventilation - Warehouses
Uncontrolled terms:Detection methods - Optimal threshold - Orthogonal experiment - Standard deviation - Statistical characteristics - Status detections - Temperature changes - Temperature differences
Classification code:643.5 Ventilation - 694.4 Storage - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 9.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20201708503659
Title:Research progress on characteristics and utilization of products from hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
Title of translation:生物质水热液化产物特性与利用研究进展
Authors:Shen, Ruixia (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Feng, Jing (1); Jing, Yong (1); Yu, Jiadong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:266-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has attracted great attention because it has obvious advantages, such as various substrate types, total conversion of organic components from biomass (fat, carbohydrates and proteins), etc., compared with other biomass conversion technologies. In addition, HTL do not need to dry the raw materials, even biomass with high moisture content (more than 70%) can be used to produce biocrude oil via HTL. This paper reviews the latest progress in the HTL study of biomass, describes the separation process during HTL, and concentrates on the characteristics and utilization of HTL products (Biocrude oil, aqueous phase, solid residues and gases). Biocrude production of several model components from biomass was investigated, the results showed that biocrude yield of lipid was the highest (above 80%), followed by protein (20%-30%), and the yield of carbohydrate is the lowest (less than 10%). The aqueous phase is the main by-product of biomass HTL. There was 20%-50% of the organic matter in the substrate transferred to the aqueous phase. Different from the biocrude oil and aqueous phase, the organic components in the solid residues are much lower, the solid residue mainly contained inorganic components (ash content > 50%). Furthermore, we summarized the key elements migration in HTL products. In the process of HTL, 62%-98% of Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn in the raw materials are transferred to the solid residues. Biocrude oil can be used as fuels, or can be used to extract high value-added products, the aqueous phase can be utilized for microalgae cultivation, methane production through anaerobic digestion or hydrogen production via microbial electrolysis cells, the solid residue is able to be used as biochar after further treatment, and gas phase can be used as gas fertilizer in the greenhouse. At last, the research direction in HTL is prospected. At present, a lot of researches on HTL of biomass were performed, but still some problems need to be further explored, mainly in the following aspects: 1) Biocrude oil components are complex, GC-MS of the biocrude oil can only obtain the information of low boiling point compounds, lack of understanding for high boiling point macromolecular compounds in biocrude oil, FTICR-MS or other technologies can be carried out to get a comprehensive understanding of the compounds. 2) The conversion mechanism of biomass HTL needs to be studied. At present, only some characterization of the product is carried out to speculate its reaction path, while the reaction intermediates are not monitored, which can be deeply analyzed by some in-situ on-line monitoring methods. Biomass HTL can improve the quality of biocrude oil by catalytic hydrogenation, and then the biocrude oil can be utilized by distillation. Although the above bottlenecks need to be explored and studied by researchers, the production of biocrude oil by HTL is expected to solve the problem of energy shortage in China because of its remarkable advantages, especially as a liquid fuel, so HTL technology has great potential in the renewable fuel production. This paper can provide references for future HTL study of biomass and the downstream utilization of HTL products.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:70
Main heading:Biomass
Controlled terms:Anaerobic digestion - Bioconversion - Boiling point - Carbohydrates - Distillation - Hydrogen fuels - Hydrogen production - Hydrogenation - Liquefaction - Microbial fuel cells - Proteins - Reaction intermediates - Regenerative fuel cells
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass conversion technologies - Catalytic hydrogenation - High moisture contents - Hydrothermal liquefactions - Inorganic components - Macromolecular compounds - Microalgae cultivation - On-line monitoring methods
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 702.2 Fuel Cells - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 3.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+01% to 9.80e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20201708503675
Title:Effects of subsoiling and straw return on soil labile organic carbon fractions in continuous rotary tillage cropland
Title of translation:深松和秸秆还田对旋耕农田土壤有机碳活性组分的影响
Authors:Tian, Shenzhong (1); Zhang, Yufeng (1); Bian, Wenfan (1); Dong, Liang (1); Jiafa, Luo (2); Guo, Honghai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of New-type Fertilizers, Jinan; 250100, China; (2) Agriculture Research, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton; 3240, New Zealand
Corresponding author:Guo, Honghai(honghaig@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:185-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile carbon fractions (LOC) including particulate organic carbon (POC), readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), can sensitive response to tillage method change and organic matters input. We compared the contents changes of SOC, POC, ROC, MBC, DOC and their correlations, and analyzed change in the proportion of LOC fractions in soil organic carbon (LOC/SOC), based on a 7 years old experiment for tillage method change and straw management including the rotary tillage with straw removal (RT), rotary tillage with straw return (RTS), rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling with straw removal (RT-DT) and rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling with straw return (RTS-DTS). The results showed that SOC contents in the depths of 0-10 and >10-20 cm under RTS-DTS increased by 16.9% and 20.0% compared with those of RTS treatment, respectively; while there had no significant difference on SOC in the depth of >10-20 cm between RTS-DTS and RTS treatments. Compared with the RT and RT-DT treatments, SOC content was increased 6.1%-15.6% and 19.1%-32.3% by the RTS and RTS-DTS treatments in three soil layers. POC contents increased after rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling awith straw return, its contents under RTS-DTS treatment in the 0-10, >10-20 and >20-30 cm soil depths were high 53.8%, 30.7% and 13.6% than those of the RTS treatment, respectively. POC contents were increased 36.8%, 24.5% and 34.0% by RTS-DTS in comparison to RT-DT. The highest POC content was generally observed at the 0-10 cm soil depth in each treatment. These differences of POC contents were significant affected by soil tillage (23.8%-63.0%), straw management (24.2%-72.4%) and their interaction effect (2.6%-25.1%). Compared with the RTS treatment, whereas, the contents of ROC, MBC and DOC were decreased by RTS-DTS in three soil depths. Soil ROC in the 0-10, >10-20 and >20-30 cm soil depths under RT-DT treatment were declined 19.9%, 13.0% and 67.9% than those of RT treatment, and their contents under RTS-DTS treatment were declined with 6.6%, 10.0% and 4.6% than those of RTS treatment, respectively. These decreases were significant related with the tillage method change and straw return (P<0.05). The straw return increased ROC contents in the 0-30 cm soil layers and the content was decreased with the deepening of soil depth. Compared with the RTS treatment, soil MBC contents in three soil depths were decreased 23.9%, 30.6% and 23.8% by RTS-DTS, respectively. Although soil DOC content was increased after crop straw return, the contents were significant decreased by the tillage method change (P<0.05). For example, DOC content was declined 8%-41% by the RTS converting to RTS-DTS. There had significant positive correlations between SOC and POC (r=0.87, P<0.01), ROC (r=0.82, P<0.01), DOC (r=0.55, P<0.05), MBC (r=0.68, P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were significant positive correlations among soil POC and ROC (r=0.75, P<0.01), POC and MBC (r=0.66, P<0.05), ROC and DOC (r=0.75, P<0.01), ROC and MBC (r=0.77, P<0.01), DOC and MBC (r=0.65, P<0.05). The proportions of LOC/SOC were significant decreased by RT-DT and RTS-DTS. Rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling with straw return could increase the SOC and POC content while decrease ROC, MBC, DOC fractions and LOC/SOC proportions, which would advantage to accelerate accumulation and stability for SOC pool.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Organic carbon
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved organic carbon - Interaction effect - Labile carbon fractions - Microbial biomass carbon - Organic carbon fraction - Particulate organic carbon - Positive correlations - Soil organic carbon
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 7.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 1.91e+01% to 3.23e+01%, Percentage 1.99e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01% to 6.30e+01%, Percentage 2.39e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01% to 7.24e+01%, Percentage 2.45e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+00% to 2.51e+01%, Percentage 3.06e+01%, Percentage 3.07e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 3.68e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+00%, Percentage 5.38e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+00% to 1.56e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+00%, Percentage 6.79e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 4.10e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20201708503652
Title:Effects of biochar fertilizer ratio and bentonite binder on physicochemical properties and slow release properties of biochar fertilizer particles
Title of translation:炭肥比和膨润土粘结剂对炭基肥颗粒理化及缓释特性的影响
Authors:Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2); Liu, Ming (1); Niu, Wenjuan (1, 2); Shao, Kaiyi (1); Geng, Jie (1); Tang, Zhen (1); Huang, Jinzhi (1); Zhou, Kaiqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:219-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The blend ratio of biochar and fast-release fertilizer (urea and potassium chloride, respectively) and the content of bentonite binder may influence the physicochemical and slow-release properties of biochar-based fertilizers particles. Experiments were carried out under 2 conditions: 1) biochar fertilizer ratio of 1:4, bentonite binder mass ratio of 5%, 10 %, 15% and 20%, and 2) bentonite binder mass ratio of 10%, biochar fertilizer ratio of 1:6, 1:5, 1:4 and 1:3. Based on corn straw biochar, cylindrical biochar based fertilizer particles with urea and potassium chloride were prepared by flat mold extrusion device. Their mechanical properties, surface functional groups, surface topography, soil column leaching properties, pH value and conductivity of biochar-based fertilizers were analyzed. The results showed that the average compressive strength of biochar-based particles urea and potassium chloride were higher than 200 N, greater than that prepared by pan granulation technique. The nutrient leaching rates in the first 3 days were lower than that of pure urea and potassium chloride. It meant that they had good mechanical properties and certain slow-release effect. The average compressive strength of biochar-based fertilizer particles of potassium chloride biochar-based fertilizer particles and urea biochar-based fertilizer for the 4 different contents of bentonite were significantly different (P<0.05). The high content of bentonite binder and the low biochar and fertilizer content would lead to closer microstructure, more uniform composition distribution, and fewer surface pores. The mechanical properties and slow-release properties were better. When the mass fraction of bentonite binder was 20%, the average compressive strength of potassium chloride biochar-based fertilizer particles and urea biochar-based fertilizer were the maximum value of 286.78 and 281.27 N, respectively, the nutrient leaching rate of potassium chloride biochar-based fertilizer particles and urea biochar-based fertilizer in the first 3 days were the minimum value of 45.53% and 36.87%, respectively. The high biochar fertilizer ratios would result in the better slow-release performances. When the biochar fertilizer ratio was 1:3, the nutrient leaching rates of potassium chloride biochar-based fertilizer particles and urea biochar-based fertilizer particles in the first 3 days were the minimum values of 42.06% and 40.32%, respectively. The pores on the surface of potassium chloride biochar fertilizer particles increased first and then decreased. When the biochar fertilizer ratios were 1:6 and 1:3, the average compressive strength were 271.25 and 282.42 N, respectively, but the relative standard deviation of the average compressive strength at 1:3 was the maximum. The pores in the internal structure of urea biochar-based fertilizer particles gradually increased. When the biochar fertilizer ratio was 1:6, the average compressive strength was the minimum values of 267.84 N. At the same time, the electrical conductivity of potassium chloride biochar-based fertilizer leachate and the pH value of urea biochar-based fertilizer leachate were similar to their respective nutrient leaching rates in change rule, which could be used for prediction of their nutrient leachate trends. Thus, the formulation of biochar-based fertilizer with the mass fraction of bentonite binder and the ratio of carbon to fertilizer of 20% and 1:4 or 10% and 1:3 are suggested to meet medium fertilizer concentration.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Potassium chloride
Controlled terms:Bentonite - Chlorine compounds - Compressive strength - Leaching - Metabolism - Nutrients - pH - Physicochemical properties - Potash - Topography - Urea - Urea fertilizers
Uncontrolled terms:Composition distributions - Electrical conductivity - Granulation techniques - Internal structure - Nutrient leaching - Relative standard deviations - Soil column leaching - Surface functional groups
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-03yr, Force 2.00e+02N, Force 2.68e+02N, Force 2.71e+02N, Force 2.81e+02N, Force 2.82e+02N, Force 2.87e+02N, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.69e+01%, Percentage 4.03e+01%, Percentage 4.21e+01%, Percentage 4.55e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20201708503682
Title:Identifying larval development of Sitophilus oryzae in wheat grain using computer vision
Title of translation:利用机器视觉识别麦粒内米象发育规律与龄期
Authors:Zhang, Hongtao (1); Zhu, Yang (1); Tan, Lian (1); Zhang, Xiaodong (2); Mao, Hanping (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electric Power, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450011, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Mordern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:201-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sitophilus oryzae is a weevil growing on diet of wheat grain. Its timely identification and control is essential to safeguarding wheat production. This paper proposes a computer vision-based method to diagnose its larval development inside wheat grain. After Sitophilus oryzae infects grains, its subsequent development is divided into egg stage, juvenile stage, elder stage, pupal stage and adult stage. We acquired a sequence of micro-CT projection images of the infested grains and then reconstructed the 2D images using the FDK algorithm. The larvae in the images were mapped out using segmentation and morphological method. Overall, we extracted 26 features to characterize a larva and its development, including morphological features, 3D features, invariant moment and texture features. The metamorphosis of Sitophilus oryzae was differentiated based on larval height, larval volume, its cross-sectional area, the minimum rectangle method, surficial area and perimeter of the cross section. The partial features simulated using the annealing algorithm composed of optimal features which were calculated by the fitness function, with the initial temperature T set at 150, drop rate at 0.9 and the end temperature at 1.0. Ten features were determined after 10 optimizations and the associated maximum fitness was 90.214 3%. The penalty factor c and the kernel function parameter g in the support vector machine (SVM) were optimized by the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, in which the initial bee colony size was 20, the times of updates was set to be 50 and the maximum number of iterations was 50. Two parameters were optimized in the range of 0.01-100, and the algorithm was repeated twice to check robustness of the program. We used 250 images to train and test the model. The model correctly identified 97% of the larvae at different developmental stages when the parameters the penalty factor c=96.44, and the kernel function parameter g=0.01. The results showed that the height of Sitophilus oryzae larva had been in increase in the experiment; its volume, cross-sectional area, size of the minimum rectangle, surficial area and perimeter of cross-section had all asymptotically increased up to the pupal stage, followed by a decline after that. In addition, ABC-SVM correctly identified 97 images. The results presented in this paper indicated that computer vision can be used to identify larval development of Sitophilus oryzae in wheat grain.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Computer vision
Controlled terms:Computerized tomography - Grain (agricultural product) - Image segmentation - Optimization - Parameter estimation - Support vector machines - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial bee colony algorithms (ABC) - Cross sectional area - Initial temperatures - Kernel function parameters - Morphological features - Number of iterations - Timely identification - Vision-based methods
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20201708503687
Title:Mechanical properties and constitutive relation of cement-stabilized organic matter-disseminated sand
Title of translation:有机质浸染砂水泥土的力学特性及本构关系
Authors:Du, Juan (1, 2); Liu, Bingyang (2); Shen, Tongtong (2); Hu, Jun (2); Xie, Peng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin; 300072, China; (2) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Jun(hj7140477@hainanu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:140-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Some sandy sediment in the coasts in Hainan province is rich in organic matters and the sand particles might be coated and disseminated by organic carbon. This could alter the surface of the sand and thus compromises the mechanical strength of the concrete made using such sands as aggregates. This paper experimentally investigated how organic-disseminated sand particles impact the mechanical properties and constitutive equation of the associated concrete. The sample species were prepared by mixing 20% (w/w) and 7.5% of lime with water at water: cement ratio of 0.45; they were then further mixed with sand particles disseminated by organic carbon coating. Concrete using standard sands served as the control. The mechanical properties and constitutive equation of the specimens were measured using the unconfined and uniaxial compressive tests. The unconfined compression test was to measure the compressive strength at curing time of 7d, 14d, 21dand 28d, respectively, and their failure mode. The uniaxial compression test was to measure the stress-strain curve, the stiffness variation rule and the modified Duncan-Zhang constitutive equation. The results show that 1) the failure mode of the concrete with organic-disseminated sands was plastic shear failure and brittle shear failure, while the failure mode of the specimens with standard sand at the same curing time was brittle shear failure. 2) The compressive strength of the concrete with organic- disseminated sands was significantly smaller than that with standard sands at early stage of the curing, although both increased exponentially with the curing time. The compressive strength of each specimen reached asymptotically to a constant after 14 days of curing. 3) The stiffness of the concrete with organic- disseminated sands increased with curing time. After the loading was applied, its shear modulus increased with the axial strain initially, but when the strain reached about 2%, the shear modulus started to decrease with a further increase in strain. In terms of plasticity, the former is known as stiffness hardened and the latter is known as stiffness softening. The stiffness of the concrete with organic-disseminated sands increased with curing time, and the peaked shear modulus at Day 28 is 4.36 times that at Day 7. 4) The stress-strain curve of the concrete with organic-disseminated sands was a interplay of various deformation processes under uniaxial load, and can be divided into two stages: plastic stage and softening stage. 5) The modified Duncan-Zhang model was obtained to describe the full stress-strain curve. Comparison with measured data showed that the model adequately described the stress-strain of the concrete with organic-disseminated sand particles.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Concretes
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Cements - Compression testing - Compressive strength - Concrete aggregates - Constitutive equations - Curing - Elastic moduli - Failure modes - Lime - Organic carbon - Plastic coatings - Sand - Shear strain - Stiffness - Stress-strain curves
Uncontrolled terms:Brittle shear failure - Constitutive relations - Deformation process - Organic carbon coatings - Stiffness variations - Unconfined compression tests - Uni-axial compression tests - Uniaxial compressive tests
Classification code:412 Concrete - 412.1 Cement - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 813.2 Coating Materials - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.84e-02yr, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20201708503683
Title:Effects of sediment concentration of muddy water on water and nitrogen transport characteristics under film hole irrigation with fertilizer infiltration
Title of translation:浑水含沙率对膜孔灌肥液入渗土壤水氮运移特性的影响
Authors:Liu, Lihua (1, 2); Fei, Liangjun (1, 2); Chen, Lin (1, 2); Hao, Kun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Fei, Liangjun(feiliangjun2008@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:2
Issue date:January 15, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:120-129
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic film mulching is an effective agricultural measure to restrain soil water evaporation in the arid and semiarid regions of Western China. Based on the plastic film mulching cultivation, muddy water film hole irrigation is an advanced low-cost and high-efficiency irrigation method, which can improve water conservation, increase soil temperature, crop yield and economic efficiency. Therefore, understanding the distribution and transportation characteristics of water and nitrogen under plastic film mulching with muddy water fertilizer irrigation plays an important role to rationally use muddy water. The purpose of this study was to disclose the effects of the sediment concentration on transport characteristics of soil water and nitrogen under muddy water film fertilizer solution free infiltration. The laboratory soil-box experiments were conducted with muddy water film hole irrigation, using five sediment concentration treatments (0(CK), 3%, 6%, 9% and12%). Ammonium calcium nitrate (5Ca(NO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>2</inf>•NH<inf>4</inf>NO<inf>3</inf>•10H<inf>2</inf>O) was selected as the fertilizer to be tested, and it was dissolved in muddy water for film hole irrigation infiltration experiment. The fertilizer solution concentration was 600 mg/L. The cumulative infiltration volume, migration distance of the wetting front, soil moisture content and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N contents in the wetted body were observed. The models about: (i) the relationships between the cumulative infiltration volume per unit film hole area and infiltration duration; (ii) the relationship among the vertical migration distance of the wetting front, sediment concentration and infiltration duration were established. The experimental results showed that the sediment concentration had a significant effect on the transport characteristics of soil water and nitrogen. Cumulative infiltration volume per unit film hole area and infiltration duration conformed to Kostiakov model (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9, P < 0.01). With the increase of sediment concentration in muddy water, the infiltration coefficient K decreased gradually, and the infiltration index remained unchanged. The relationship among vertical migration distance of the wetting front and infiltration reduction rate and infiltration duration was a very significant power function. The influence of sediment concentration on the infiltration reduction rate was mainly realized by the influence of the infiltration decay coefficient. Within the same infiltration time, the larger the sediment concentration of muddy water, the smaller the volume of the wetted body and the area with high moisture content, and the smaller the soil moisture content at the same location in the wetted body. With the increase of sediment concentration in muddy water, vertical migration distance of the wetting front decreased gradually. The sediment concentration had a significant effect on the moisture content distribution in the wetted body. All the isoline of moisture content distribution in the wetted body were nearly in the shape of a quarter ellipse, and moisture content distribution in the wetted body was closely related to the movement of water in the soil, and the isoline of moisture content distribution became denser with the increased of the distance away from the center of the film hole. The contents of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N in wetted soil decreased with the increase of sediment concentration in muddy water. NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N mainly distributed in the range of the wetting radius 10 cm, i.e., soil NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N mainly distributed in shallow soil, which was conducive to the absorption and utilization of crop roots. The horizontal direction of the wetted body and the vertical direction of the film hole decreased with the increased of the distance from the center of the membrane hole, while the NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N mainly distributed in the range of the wetting radius 5 cm, and the radius of the wetted body 5-10 cm. The content of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N decreased with the increase of soil depth. The conclusion of this study could provide a theoretical basis and technical support for further study on the infiltration of muddy water film hole irrigation.<br/> © 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Agricultural robots - Arid regions - Calcium compounds - Costs - Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Hole concentration - Irrigation - Moisture determination - Nitrogen fertilizers - Plastic films - Sedimentation - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soil structure interactions - Water conservation - Water management - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Cumulative infiltrations - Infiltration coefficients - Moisture content distribution - Sediment concentration - Soil water evaporation - Transport characteristics - Water and nitrogen transports
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 6.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.02.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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