<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20200908248803
Title:Development of layered fertilizer amount adjustment device of pneumatic centralized variable fertilizer system
Title of translation:&#27668;&#21147;&#38598;&#25490;&#24335;&#21464;&#37327;&#25490;&#32933;&#31995;&#32479;&#20998;&#23618;&#26045;&#32933;&#37327;&#35843;&#33410;&#35013;&#32622;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Yang, Qinglu (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Yu, Changchang (1, 2); Lou, Shangyi (1, 2); Wang, Yingbo (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, Northern Hebei Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fertilizer is essential to safeguard food security, and rationalizing fertilization and improving fertilizer use efficiency can reduce its detrimental impact on environment and sustain agriculture production. Current corn fertilization in China is largely growth stage-based with a base fertilization coupled with a number of topdressings. This is inefficient in fertilizer use and labor-intensive, difficult to meet the requirements for sustainable agriculture. Delivering the fertilizer to the location in soil where the crop mostly demands for is a technology to effectively improve fertilizer use efficiency and increase crop yield. In this paper we present a pneumatic centralized device to stratifying fertilizer in soil based on the demand of crop roots. The structure and working parameters of the key components in the device were calculated theoretically; the diameter of the conveying pipe in the device was 76 mm, the inlet airflow velocity should be higher than 25 m/s, and the distribution ratio of the fertilizer can be adjusted arbitrarily from 1:1 to 1:2. The performance of the device was analyzed using the discrete element method coupled with the computational fluid dynamics by taking the rotational speed of the rotary cone (A), the inlet airflow velocity (B) and the fertilization velocity (C) as determinants, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the fertilizer amount at each fertilizer outlet as an performance index. A quadratic-regression rotation orthogonal simulation test was used to link the performance index to the determinants. The results showed that both rotational speed of the rotating cone and the inlet airflow velocity had a significant effect on the CV. When rotational speed of the rotary cone was 735-1 196 r/min, the inlet airflow velocity was 36-41 m/s, the fertilization velocity was 0.14-0.42 kg/s and the distribution ratio was 1:2, the associated CV at different fertilizer outlets varied from 3.7% to 4.9%. The influence of all determinants on the CV was ranked in the order of A&gt;B&gt;C. Bench test of the device was conducted in the Conservation Tillage Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, with rotational speed of the rotary cone being 735 r/min, the inlet airflow velocity being 36 m/s, the fertilization rate being 0.42 kg/s and the distribution ratio being 1:2. The results showed that the CV was less than 5.18% and the deviation of the distribution ratio was less than 2.68%, consistent with the results obtained from simulation and meeting the requirements for fertilization operation. This work provides a new technology with theoretical support to optimize pneumatic centralized device for stratifying fertilizers into soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Crops - Design - Efficiency - Food supply - Machinery - Mechanization - Pneumatics - Soil conservation  - Soils - Two phase flow - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture and rural - Agriculture productions - Coefficient of variation - Conservation tillage - Fertilization rates - Quadratic regression - Structure and working parameters - Sustainable agriculture
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 632.3  Pneumatics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.40e-01kg/s to 4.20e-01kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 4.20e-01kg/s, Percentage 2.68e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+00% to 4.90e+00%, Percentage 5.18e+00%, Rotational_Speed 7.35e+02RPM to 1.20e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.35e+02RPM, Size 7.60e-02m, Velocity 2.50e+01m/s, Velocity 3.60e+01m/s, Velocity 3.60e+01m/s to 4.10e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20200908248918
Title:Analysis of transient pressure pulsation during hydraulic retarder starting process
Title of translation:&#28082;&#21147;&#20943;&#36895;&#22120;&#21551;&#21160;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#30636;&#24577;&#21387;&#21147;&#33033;&#21160;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Houlin (1); Zhang, Lixin (1); Dong, Liang (1); Liu, Jiawei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Liang(dongliang@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:67-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydraulic retarder is a highly efficient auxiliary brake device in vehicle transmission system. Compared with traditional vehicle braking systems, it can improve braking and transmission thereby improving safety in driving. Being able to independently design and manufacture hydraulic retarders is therefore essential to safeguarding development of vehicle industry for a country. The internal pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder is one of important factors that could cause vibrations and noise in a vehicle, while there is limited study on how the transient pressure pulsation changes responsively to the impeller angle and liquid filling rate in the transmission system. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by presenting the results of an experiment study on the impact of the impeller angle and charging rate on transient pressure pulsation in a hydraulic retarder during its starting process. We compared three blade inclination angles: 60&deg;, 75&deg; and 90&deg;, and five liquid filling rate: 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%, and conducted the experiments in a transient pressure pulsation test system equipped with an INV3020 data acquisition system. The test system included a frequency converter, a drive motor, a hydraulic retarder, a high frequency dynamic pressure sensor, a torque speed collector and a booster pump. During the test, the motor speed was adjusted by the inverter, and the liquid filling rate was adjusted by the inlet ball valve and the outlet ball valve in the hydraulic reducer as well as the booster pump to control water-filling of the hydraulic reducer cavity. The amplitude of the pressure pulsation at the axial frequency and the leaf frequency was analyzed to elucidate the effect of the impeller angle and the liquid filling rate. The results showed that the peaks of the pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder under different blade inclination angles occurred below 200 Hz, and the pressure pulsation mainly occurred at the leaf frequency and increased with the blade inclination. The pressure pulsation under different liquid filling rate mainly occurred at the leaf frequency. The amplitude of the pressure pulsation decreased as the charging rate increased from 60% to 90%, and then increased steadily when the charging rate further increased from 90% to 100%. Reducing the impeller angle and maintaining the charging rate at 70%-90% can therefore effectively reduce the pressure pulsation. The results presented in this paper unravel the impact of the impeller angle and charging rate on transient pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder, and have important implications for optimal design of low-vibration and low-noisy hydraulic retarders.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Vehicle transmissions
Controlled terms:Automobile manufacture - Braking - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Filling - Impellers - Liquids - Models - Pressure - Transient analysis  - Transients - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Data acquisition system - Design and manufactures - Filling rate - High frequency dynamics - Hydraulic retarder - Inclination angles - Transient pressures - Transmission systems
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 602  Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 662.1  Automobiles - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+02Hz, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20200908248961
Title:Review on rice contamination and its remediation methods by radioactive nuclides in Japan
Title of translation:&#26085;&#26412;&#27700;&#31291;&#26680;&#25918;&#23556;&#24615;&#27745;&#26579;&#29616;&#29366;&#21450;&#21435;&#27745;&#25514;&#26045;&#32508;&#36848;
Authors:Gao, Qi (1, 2); Lin, Han (1); Guan, Yingxue (1); Wang, Xiaowen (1); Zhang, Junwei (1); Xue, Youlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang; 110036, China; (2) Party School of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, Shenyang; 110161, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Youlin(xueyoulin@lnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:221-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The accident occurring at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011 resulted in leakage of a large amount of radionuclides, contaminating farmlands, including rice field, in Fukushima and its neighboring prefectures. Potential contamination of the rice growing these areas by the radionuclides has thus attracted public attention. The objective of this paper is to analyze rice contamination in this region and its remediation. Literature review showed that the radionuclide that was most potential to contaminate the rice is the radioactive cesium. Among all available methods to detect radioactive cesium in rice grain, belt conveyor testers is quicker in measurement but is less accurate, while germanium semiconductor detectors is more accurate but is tedious. Rice contamination by cesium accumulation is modulated by a multitude of factors, one of which is fertilization. For example, potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride is more effective than potassium metasilicate) can reduce the absorption of the radioactive cesium in rice, while nitrogen fertilizer works in the opposite. The movement and transfer of radioactive cesium in soil was affected by its concentration, potassium content, immobilization of the cesium by soil, and the thickness of the topsoil. Apart from these, rice cultivars also affect cesium accumulation. Different methods for ameliorating rice contamination by radionuclides had been developed and tested. In paddy fields, rice contamination by cesium can be reduced by amending the soil or planting. The radioactive cesium is sportive to soil and cyanobacteria can be used to facilitate the exfoliation of top soil. Also, rice is a shallow-rooted plant and deep ploughing could bury the contaminated topsoil beyond the reach of roots so as to reduce its uptake by rice. Secondary contamination can be avoided by controlling fertilization and irrigation, and the transformation of the radioactive cesium from soil to rice can be inhibited by amending the soil with schwertmannite, zeolite and vermiculite, or by controlling fertilizer application rate and the secondary contamination. Implementation of above mitigating methods over the past few years reduced the radioactive cesium content in rice in Fukushima Prefecture to 25 Bq/kg in 2014 (the radiation level set by the Food Sanitation Act of Japan in 2012 was 100 Bq/kg). This paper has implications for constructing a database for mitigating and remediating crop contamination by radionuclides which is also relevant to food production in China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Belt conveyors - Cesium - Chlorine compounds - Contamination - Cultivation - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nuclear energy - Nuclear fuels - Nuclear power plants - Nuclear reactor accidents  - Numerical methods - Potash - Potassium - Potassium chloride - Potassium fertilizers - Radioactive materials - Radioactivity - Radioisotopes - Remediation - Semiconductor detectors  - Soils - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilizer applications - Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plants - Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents - Germanium semiconductor detector - Literature reviews - Radioactive cesiums - Remediation methods - Rice
Classification code:454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 613  Nuclear Power Plants - 622  Radioactive Materials - 692.1  Conveyors - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 932.2  Nuclear Physics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20200908248902
Title:Design and experiment of tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine
Title of translation:&#40831;&#38142;&#22797;&#21512;&#24335;&#27531;&#33180;&#22238;&#25910;&#26426;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Xie, Jianhua (1); Tang, Wei (1); Cao, Silin (1, 2); Han, Yingjie (1); Zhang, Yi (1); Yang, Yuxin (1); Li, Kaijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems such as the missed picking up of the film pickup mechanism of the swing rod driven residual film recovery machine and the returning of the film unloading mechanism with the mulch film, and optimize the structure of the machine, the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine was designed. Tooth chain film pickup mechanism and rod-tooth film pickup mechanism were adopted in the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine which cooperate with each other to improve the film pickup rate, the fixing scraper type film unloading mechanism was used to solve the problem of return in the process of residual film unloading. Through the analysis of working principle and dynamics of film pickup and unloading mechanism, the movement track and equation of film pickup mechanism were obtained, and the conditions of picking, conveying and unloading of residual film were determined. In order to determine the optimum structure and working parameters of the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine and optimize the structure of the machine, the three-factor and three-level response tests of this machine were carried out. Three factors were taken as test factors: the machine advancing velocity, the depth of pickup tooth into soil, the speed ratio of the tooth chain film pickup mechanism to the rod-tooth film pickup mechanism (speed ratio), and the film pickup rate and the film wrapping rate were taken as test indexes. The quadratic regression models of each factor on film pickup rate and film wrapping rate were established by using Design-Expert data analysis software. The significance of each factor on film pickup rate and film wrapping rate was analyzed. The results showed that the significant effects of the experimental factors on the film pickup rate were that speed ratio &gt; the machine advancing velocity &gt; the depth of pickup tooth into soil, and the significant effects on the film wrapping rate were: that the machine advancing velocity &gt; the depth of pickup tooth into soil &gt; speed ratio. The optimum working parameters were determined as follows: the moving speed of the machine was 0.9 m/s, the depth of pickup tooth into soil was 42 mm, and the speed ratio was 0.6. According to the optimized test parameters, the field verification tests were carried out. The results showed that the film pickup rate was 87.2% and the film wrapping rate was 1.6%. The experimental results had little difference with the theoretical optimum values, and the optimization model was reliable. The research results could provide reference for the selection of the optimum working parameters of tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Pickups
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Experiments - Machine design - Recovery - Regression analysis - Soils - Speed - Structural optimization - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Data analysis softwares - Experimental factors - Optimization modeling - Optimum working parameters - Parameter optimization - Quadratic regression - Residual films - Rod tooth
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3  Engineering Research - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+00%, Percentage 8.72e+01%, Size 4.20e-02m, Velocity 9.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20200908248757
Title:Processing capacity of phosphogypsum in rice husk-chicken manure high-temperature composting system
Title of translation:&#31291;&#22771;-&#40481;&#31914;&#22909;&#27687;&#39640;&#28201;&#22534;&#32933;&#20307;&#31995;&#20013;&#30967;&#30707;&#33167;&#28040;&#32435;&#33021;&#21147;&#30340;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Xu, Zhi (1); Zhang, Yong (1); Chen, Xuejiao (1); Wang, Yuyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650201, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yuyun(yuyunwhere@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:208-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to explore the processing capacity of phosphogypsum in the composting system and improve the resources utilization intensity of phosphogypsum. The rice husk was used as the main raw material, the chicken manure was used as auxiliary organic material, and the phosphogypsum was used as a compost conditioner. The rice husk and chicken manure were thoroughly mixed in a certain proportion to obtain organic raw materials for composting, which C/N ratio of the raw material was 30. According to the different amount of phosphogypsum added in the composting system, 5 composting treatments were set, including added without phosphogypsum (CK), added 10% phosphogypsum (P10), added 20% phosphogypsum (P20), added 30% phosphogypsum (P30) and added 40% phosphogypsum (P40), which were based on the proportion of organic materials (dry weight) of composting. The moisture content of the composting mixture of 5treatments was adjusted to 55%, and the composting was carried out. The physical, chemical and biological indicators during the composting process and organic matter content, nutrient properties (N, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> and K<inf>2</inf>O), heavy metal content (Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr) of compost at the end of composting were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, 10%~30% phosphogypsum addition significantly promoted the rising temperature of composting and maintaining the high-temperature time, increased the fermentation strength of the composting. With the increasing of the addition amount of phospgypsum, the pH value of the composting significantly decreased, and the electrical conductivity value of the composting significantly increased. At the end of composting, the pH value and electrical conductivity value of P40 treatment were 5.02 and 3.59 ms/cm, respectively. After the end of composting, the total organic carbon reduction of treatments with phosphogypsum were generally higher than that of CK (the total organic carbon content of CK, P10, P20, P30 and P40 decreased by 11.32%, 12.78%, 12.53%, 12.19% and 11.61%, respectively), which further indicated that the addition of phosphogypsum was beneficial to increase the fermentation strength of the composting. But the dilution effect of 40% phosphogypsum (P40) was too obvious, resulting in the organic matter content of the compost product not meeting the NY525-2012 standard, which the organic matter content of P40 was 34.3%. Phosphogypsum addition could increase the germination index value of the compost, by the end of composting, the germination index values of CK, P10, P20, P30 and P40 were 65.43%, 86.54%, 97.52%, 81.35% and 71.40%, respectively. However, when P40 was processed to the end of composting, the water-soluble NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N content was still up to 528.2 mg/kg. Compared with CK, the nutrient content of P10, P20 and P30 treatment increased significantly, and all of them met requirements of the NY525-2012 standard. With the increase of the addition amount of phosphogypsum, the contents of Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr in composting products increased significantly, and the contents of heavy metals in each treatment did not exceed requirements of the NY525-2012 standard, indicating that the addition of phosphogypsum still had the risk of increasing the contents of heavy metals during the composting, therefore, the heavy metal content of phosphogypsum should be taken into account when it was used as composting conditioner. Thus, the composting system with rice husk as the main raw material, adding 30% phosphogypsum as the dry weight of organic material was the maximum consumption of phosphogypsum. This study explored the processing capacity of phosphogypsum in the rice husk-chicken manure composting system, and the results provided a scientific basis for phosphogypsum promoting the composting efficiency of rice-husk as the main raw material and maximizing the utilization of phosphogypsum in some areas of China in which rice husk production was high and livestock waste was scarce as composting auxiliary materials.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Animals - Biogeochemistry - Composting - Cultivation - Electric conductivity - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gypsum - Indicators (chemical) - Lead  - Manures - Mercury compounds - Nutrients - Organic carbon - pH
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical and biologicals - Chicken manure - Electrical conductivity - Phosphogypsum - Processing capacities - Resources utilizations - Rice husk - Total organic carbon content
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 482.2  Minerals - 546.1  Lead and Alloys - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.43e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 6.54e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01%, Percentage 8.65e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20200908248807
Title:Design and experiment of test bench for garlic bulbil adjustment and seeding based on bilateral image identification
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21452;&#20391;&#22270;&#20687;&#35782;&#21035;&#30340;&#22823;&#33948;&#27491;&#33469;&#21450;&#25490;&#31181;&#35797;&#39564;&#21488;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1, 2); Tian, Lin (1, 2); Li, Tianhua (1, 2); Niu, Ziru (1, 2); Li, Yuhua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuhua(liyuhua@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:50-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Garlic is one of the most important cash crops in China. Single grain sowing in garlic planting needs to follow the agronomic requirements of the upward bulbil and downward root. Since foreign garlic planters cannot be used for hybrid garlic sowing in our case, it becomes necessary for domestic garlic planters to adjust the direction of various garlic bulbils using mechanical devices. These garlic planters have a good effect on the sowing of Cangshan garlic, but not good on that of the hybrid garlic. The reason is that the irregular shape of the hybrid garlic cannot meet the condition of the center of gravity locating at the lower half of the garlic clove. In this case of the irregular garlic, the mechanical directing device also fail to adjust the direction of the garlic bulbil. Here a test bench for the garlic seeding was designed to solve the sowing of the hybrid garlic. The test bench of garlic sowing is mainly composed of a seed taking device, a garlic sorting device, an image acquiring machine, a detecting system of garlic bulbil direction, a device of garlic seed directing, and a box for the garlic seeds. The motor with adjustable speeds can serve as the power source for the test bench of the garlic seeding. The following procedure will be performed on this test bench. The power of the motor via the chain drive can first be input to the single-grain taking device with large/small scoops, which can take the single-grained garlic out from the storing box. A large scoop can take one or more garlic seeds in one time, where the single-grain spoon can be turned 90&ordm; counter clockwise to transfer the garlic into the small volume of the spoon. Since the small spoon can hold only one garlic, the rest of garlics fall back into the seed box. The device of the single-grain picking transports the garlic and flips the spoon at the top of the garlic channel. Due to the movement of the garlic baffle and various gravity-center of garlics, the garlic seeds that fell into the garlic channel can be arranged horizontally to move linearly with the downward baffle. When the garlic reached to the location of the image collection, the photoelectric sensor can be triggered to control each of the USB cameras on the both sides of the garlic channel to take an image. Based on the collected image showing the bulbil/root of the garlic, the detecting device can identify the direction of the garlic bulbil, whereas the directing device of garlic seed can adjust timely the direction of the garlic. In the course of the garlic seeding, it is necessary to optimize the operating parameters of the test bench. Therefore, the test factors can be selected as the motor speed, the width of the garlic channel, the shooting distance, and the recognition threshold, while the test index as the directing rate of garlic seed. The performance test for the test bench of garlic seeding was carried out by using Box-Behnken analytical method to obtain the influence of the seed directing rate on the sowing of hybrid garlic. The primary and secondary factors in order were the width of the garlic channel, the motor speed, the shooting distance and the recognition threshold. These parameters can then be optimized in the data-processing software Design Expert 10. The optimum parameters can be achieved as the index of the seed directing rate: the motor speed was 18.34 r/min, the width of the garlic channel was 38 mm, the shooting distance was 8.64 mm, and the recognition threshold was 178.36. The seed directing rate was reached 91.67% predicted by the model. Under the condition of modified optimum working parameters, the garlic seed directing rate in the physical test can reached 90.56%, showing that the experimental results were consistent with the optimized simulation. The average identification time of a garlic was 0.29 s, which can meet the requirements of the sowing speed of the garlic planter. These findings can provide insightful application for the vertical planting technology of hybrid garlics.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Data handling - Design - Digital storage - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Machine design - Models - Software design  - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Data processing software - Garlic planter - Garlic seed adjustment - Operating parameters - Optimized simulation - Optimum working parameters - Photoelectric sensors - Recognition threshold
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 901.3  Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.83e+01RPM, Size 3.80e-02m, Size 8.64e-03m, Time 2.90e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20200908248898
Title:Rice growth model in China based on growing degree days
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26377;&#25928;&#31215;&#28201;&#30340;&#20013;&#22269;&#27700;&#31291;&#29983;&#38271;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Su, Lijun (1); Liu, Yunhe (1); Wang, Quanjiu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an University of Technology, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Quanjiu(wquanjiu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:162-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Temperature determines the maturity of crops by affecting the formation of dry matter, and ultimately affects crop yield. Therefore, studying the relationship between temperature and crop growth is very important to improve agricultural production efficiency. In this study, an universal Logistic model for describing the growth process of rice was established with growing degree days as independent variable, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice as dependent variable, respectively. A large number of data of rice growth index were collected. At the same time, the relationships between the maximum leaf area index, the maximum dry matter accumulation, harvest index (the ratio of crop economic yield to total biomass) and precipitation throughout the growth period of rice were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of growing degree days, the change of rice leaf area index revealed obvious characteristics: increase firstly then decrease, and the change trend of leaf area index in different regions was basically similar. When the growing degree days was increased to about 1 000&#8451;, the leaf area index reached the maximum and this stage corresponded to the booting stage. When the growing degree days was increased to about 1 000&#8451;, the increase rate of dry matter accumulation was the largest. At this time, the leaf area almost stoped growing, and the rice entered the reproductive growth stage. There was an obvious linear relationship between the maximum leaf area index and the maximum dry matter accumulation of rice. With the increase of the maximum leaf area index, the maximum dry matter accumulation increased gradually. There was a quadratic polynomial relationship between the maximum leaf area index and harvest index of rice. When the maximum leaf area index was about 8, the harvest index was the largest. The maximum leaf area index of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation in the whole growing period. When the precipitation of the whole growing period was about 670.5 mm, the maximum leaf area index of rice increased to about 7.9. The corresponding harvest index was also almost the maximum value. If the precipitation was more than 670.5 mm, the growth of rice leaves would be inhibited, and the photosynthesis of rice leaves would be weakened, so that the function of leaves could not be brought into full play. At the same time, too much precipitation was not conducive to the growth of rice roots, resulting in yield reduction. In this study, the rice growth regulation and yield prediction model were constructed. The results showed that the growing degree days could be used to analyze the growth process of rice accurately, and it could improve the precision of rice yield prediction and efficiency agricultural production. In this study, we considered the relationsips between the meteorological factors and the crop growth, and established the universal rice growth model by using growing degree days, precipitation and the physiological index of the rice, and estalished the prediction model of the rice yield by using the harvest index. It would be a guidance of constructing growth models of other crops.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:110
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Biomass - Crops - Efficiency - Forecasting - Harvesting - Physiological models
Uncontrolled terms:Crop growth - Growing degree days - Logistic models - Precipitaition - Rice
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Size 6.70e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20200908248958
Title:Spatial distribution of soil salinity in Ugan-Kuqa River delta oasis based on environmental variables
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#29615;&#22659;&#21464;&#37327;&#30340;&#28205;&#24178;&#27827;-&#24211;&#36710;&#27827;&#32511;&#27954;&#22303;&#22756;&#30416;&#20998;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24067;
Authors:Meng, Lina (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Wang, Jingzhe (1, 2); Ge, Xiangyu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:175-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Digital soil mapping (DSM) is the creation and population of spatial soil information systems by numerical models inferring the spatial and temporal variations of soil types and soil properties from soil observations and knowledge and from related environmental variables. DSM is critical to precise agricultural production and environmental protection. Accurately mapping soil salinity through remote sensing techniques has been an active research area in the past few decades particularly for agricultural lands. A total of 73 cropland topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis, southern parts of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China for the measurement of soil electrical conductivity (EC) based on 1:5 soil-water extraction solution. Three spatial prediction models, i.e., ordinary kriging (OK), geographically weighted regression (GWR) and random forest (RF) methods were employed for digital mapping of soil salinity. Multi-source remote sensing data were resampled in the spatial resolution of 30m and calculated various derived environmental variables, such as terrain attributes, soil physiochemical properties, and spectral indices. We selected 16 most sensitive variables to calibrate the estimation models based on the correlation analysis. Finally, the validation results of different models were compared under different intervals of EC and vegetation coverage. The mean absolute prediction error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the above methods. The spatial distribution patterns of EC obtained by different methods were quite similar, in general the distribution of salt increased from northwest to southeast of the study area, salt soil and severe salinity soil were concentrated in the southeast of the region. Among the different prediction methods combined with the variables, the OK method lacked a detailed description of the spatial variation of the EC content, and the internal map fragmentation of the GWR method made the details of the drawing effect more abundant. For the RF method the RMSE and MAE of both datasets were lower than OK and GWR method, R², RMSE and MAE were 0.74, 9.07 and 7.90 mS/cm, could effectively estimate the soil salinity at the regional scale. From the segmentation statistics of EC, the error of the RF method in the low and high values was small. The RF method had the highest prediction accuracy of 3.96 mS/cm for the EC of 0-2 mS/cm, which weakens the influence of vegetation cover on EC. Both the OK and the GWR methods had the largest prediction error between 0.1 and 0.2 of NDVI, but the RF method had little change in RMSE under different vegetation coverage. The best predicting model in these methods was selected based on corresponding performance and accuracy measures. The effect of GWR and RF modeling by nonlinear regression was obviously better than that of OK method. The local variation information of EC content was described in more detail. This study could provide a basis for the next step in the promotion of salinization monitoring in arid or semi-arid areas, selecting more effective environmental synergy variables, and improving the accuracy of soil mapping digital mapping.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer graphics - Decision trees - Error statistics - Errors - Forecasting - Learning systems - Mean square error - Population statistics - Random forests  - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Environmental variables - Geographically weighted regression - Mean absolute prediction error - Soil electrical conductivity - Soil salts - Spatial and temporal variation - Spatial distribution patterns
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 0.00e+00S/m to 2.00e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 3.96e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 7.90e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 9.07e-01S/m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20200908248847
Title:Estimation methods of phreatic evaporation for different textures in bare soil area
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#36136;&#22320;&#35064;&#22303;&#28508;&#27700;&#33976;&#21457;&#20272;&#31639;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Liu, Peigui (1); Xia, Yan (1); Shang, Manting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (2) School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Manting(hfut_smt@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:148-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation of different soil textures in bare soil area, soils with different texture and sand samples were taken from the test site in Hefei University of Technology. After pretreatment such as drying and particles sieving, 4 types of homogeneous test materials were selected including coarse sand, fine sand, loam and sand soil. Then, a self-made phreatic evaporation measurement device was made with diameters of 60 and 25 mm and a height of 42 mm. It can easily solve the problem of automatic water replenishment during the evaporation process, so that the groundwater depth can always be 0. Based on the self-designed device, a total of 5 groups of comparative test schemes were constructed, including coarse sand, fine sand, loam, sandy soil and water in bare soil area. Under the same environmental conditions, daily phreatic evaporation of the 4 different soil textures and water surface evaporation were observed for a total of 127 days from December 24, 2018 to April 29, 2019. By analyzing the relationship between phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation for soils with different textures, linear mathematical equations were established. The results revealed that the change trend of phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation was basically the same during the experiment. The high air temperature would lead to larger soil evaporation. However, the phreatic evaporation of the 4 different soil textures was not equal to the water surface evaporation, and the difference between them was more significant as the air temperature was increased. The determination coefficients between phreatic evaporation value of different soil textures and the water surface evaporation were all greater than 0.97. Especially for fine sand, the correlation coefficient reached 0.99, which indicated that there was a significant correlation between phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation (P&lt;0.05). And the conversion coefficients were achieved between them according to the linear mathematical equations. Generally, in soil bare areas with similar climatic conditions in Hefei, the conversion coefficient of coarse sand was 0.94, and the coefficients of fine sand, loam and sand are 1.04, 1.14 and 1.19, respectively. The phreatic evaporation value of coarse sand was less than the evaporation of water surface. The phreatic evaporation values of fine sand, loam and sand were greater than water evaporation. Under bare soil conditions, this conversion coefficient was only related to soil texture. In addition, the loam and sandy soil evaporation in the Wudaogou test site of Anhui Province, China was selected to verify the rationality of the conversion coefficient obtained above. The results showed that when the groundwater depth was 0.4 m, the relative error of the loam evaporation calculated by the substitution method and the phreatic evaporation coefficient method were -10.30% and 2.25%, respectively. Moreover, the sand evaporation calculated by the substitution method was 5.11 mm smaller than the measured value with a relative error of -17.79%, while the sand evaporation calculated using the phreatic evaporation coefficient method was only less than the measured value of 0.56 mm, and the relative error was reduced to -1.94%. Therefore, when calculating the phreatic evaporation at different groundwater depths, directly replacing phreatic evaporation with water surface evaporation would inevitably cause larger relative errors. However, the relative error of the calculation result obtained from the phreatic evaporation coefficient method was smaller, and the calculated value was much closer to the measured value. The coefficient method proposed in this paper would significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of the calculation results of phreatic evaporation.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Evaporation
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Errors - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Replenishment (water resources) - Sand - Soils - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Bare soils - Conversion coefficients - Correlation coefficient - Determination coefficients - Environmental conditions - Evaporation coefficients - Ground water depths - Relationship
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.48e-01yr, Percentage -1.03e+01%, Percentage -1.78e+01%, Percentage -1.94e+00%, Percentage 2.25e+00%, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 4.20e-02m, Size 5.11e-03m, Size 5.60e-04m, Size 6.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20200908248783
Title:Spatio-temporal evolution and driving forces of rainfall use efficiency in land restoration
Title of translation:&#36864;&#32789;&#36824;&#26519;&#32972;&#26223;&#19979;&#38477;&#27700;&#21033;&#29992;&#25928;&#29575;&#26102;&#31354;&#28436;&#21464;&#21450;&#39537;&#21160;&#21147;&#25506;&#35752;
Authors:Wang, Jing (1, 2); Yao, Shunbo (1); Liu, Tianjun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College Economics &amp; Management, Center for Resource Economy and Environmental Management, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Western Development institute, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Shunbo(yaoshunbo@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:128-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Returning farmland to forest (grass), named Grain for Green Project, is one of the major ecological land restoration in China. In the context of the global climate change, the study of the impact of precipitation patterns on the productivity of ecosystems become an important means to evaluate the use efficiency of returning farmland to forests (grass) for the ecological restoration. Baoji region was used to this research in order to provide a specific theoretical reference for the improvement and implementation of the subsequent national ecological restoration policy, and the corresponding vegetation growth season was selected as March-November. Based on the standardized rainfall use efficiency Z(RUE) model and integrated climate, land use/cover and optical remote sensing, this present study explored the influence of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Z(RUE) and driving forces by the use of isolated natural and human factors to monitor the inter-annual and seasonal growth seasons. The result shows: 1) In 2001 to 2017, after two rounds of returning farmland to forests (grass) in Baoji area, Z(RUE) showed an overall improvement trend, especially in the area of pixels that showed a significant increase after the first round. The highest increase was 65.69%. The whole region was changed from the artificial intervention region to the reduction of human intervention under the first round of the project implementation; 2) The spring Z(RUE) change was the smallest among the inter-annual differences, and the transition point appeared in 2009, which was the period of 2001 to 2009 and 2009 to 2017 were positive and negative growth distribution, respectively. Z(RUE) in Summer increased most significantly, together with the largest annual difference in Autumn. The Z(RUE) mean of each year on the inter-annual and spring scales was the highest in the grassland and cultivated land, respectively, and the Z(RUE) of urban and rural land was the highest in Summer and Autumn; 3) Different type of vegetation, slope, direction of slope angle, change of Z(RUE) were in the peak distribution of "three high and one low". The much higher peaks occurred in April, June, and November (maximum), whereas the low peaks occurred in September (minimum), corresponding to greening (April), harvesting (June), and sowing (September); 4) Illumination duration become the main driving factor for the Z(RUE) variations in Baoji area. The main driving factors were temperature, sunshine hours and per capita GDP. Since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests (grass), the grassland improvement trend in the growing season was the best, indicating consistent with the increasing trend of Z(RUE) on the grassland. Except Fufeng, Linyou County and Fengxian, the remaining counties (districts) have much more contributed to the variation of Z(RUE) than human activities in Baoji area of China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Conservation
Controlled terms:Climate change - Climate models - Cultivation - Ecology - Efficiency - Farms - Forestry - Land use - Rain - Remote sensing  - Restoration - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Baoji area - Driving factors - Human intervention - Returning farmland to forests (grass) - Use efficiency
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443  Meteorology - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.57e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20200908248794
Title:Calibration of discrete element simulation parameters of grapevine antifreezing soil and its interaction with soil-cleaning components
Title of translation:&#33889;&#33796;&#34276;&#38450;&#23506;&#22303;&#19982;&#28165;&#22303;&#37096;&#20214;&#30456;&#20114;&#20316;&#29992;&#30340;&#31163;&#25955;&#20803;&#20223;&#30495;&#21442;&#25968;&#26631;&#23450;
Authors:Ma, Shuai (1); Xu, Liming (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Niu, Cong (1); Zeng, Jian (1); Chen, Chen (1); Wang, Shuoshuo (1); Yuan, Xunteng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grapevine in seasonally frozen regions needs to be warm-insulated by soil in winter with the antifreezing soil removed in spring most mechanically by a soil removal machine. The purpose of this paper is to simulate the interaction between the insulating soil (with sandy loam texture) and the soil-cleaning materials (Q235 steel, rubber) commonly used in the soil removal machine, based on the discrete element method. The simulation model was constructed based on properties of the soil by integrating the hysteretic spring contact model (HSCM) and the linear cohesion model (LCM) as the contact model between soil particles. We took soil-soil restitution coefficient, soil-soil frictional coefficient, soil-soil rolling coefficient and soil cohesion energy density as the determinants and the soil accumulation angle as an evaluation index. The 4-factor universal rotation center combination simulation test, based on the EDEM, was used to regress the relationship between the determinants and the index using the Design-Expert software. The results showed that the soil-soil frictional coefficient was the only parameter that did not have significant effects on the soil accumulation angle. The best contact-parameter combination between soil particles was obtained by taking the physically measured soil accumulation angle as the optimization objective, which gave 0.51 for the soil-soil restitution coefficient, 0.65 for the soil-soil frictional coefficient, 0.06 for the soil-soil rolling frictional coefficient, and 10 495 J/m³ for the soil cohesion energy density. The associated soil accumulation angle was 31.74&deg;, with a relative error of 0.83% compared with the physically measured results. The universal testing machine for soil yield test was used to obtain the HSCM model parameters based on the change in penetration stress with the displacement, and the resultant soil yield strength was 0.38 MPa. The static frictional coefficient between soil and Q235 steel as well as the rubber measured by the inclination test bench was 0.38 and 0.48 respectively. These data and the EDEM were used to conduct the simulation test of the soil slip, with the restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient between soil and the materials taken as the determinants and the sliding frictional angle as evaluating index. Regressing the test date with the two-factor universal rotation center combination test showed that the rolling frictional coefficient between soil and the materials had a significant effect on the sliding frictional angle between soil and the steel plate and rubber. In contrast, the restitution coefficient between the soil and the materials impacted significantly on the sliding frictional angle between the soil and the rubber but not on the soil and the steel plate. The restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient between the soil and the Q235 steel as well as the rubber were optimized by using the measured sliding frictional angle as the optimization objective. The resultant restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient were 0.60 and 0.37 respectively for the soil and the Q235 steel, and 0.61 and 0.23 respectively for the soil and the rubber. Soil bin test and simulation test of the scraper were conducted to verify the calibrated discrete element model parameters. The horizontal forward resistance of the scraper in the soil bin test and simulation test was 228.36 and 213.79 N respectively, with a relative error of 6.38%. The results presented in this paper have important implications for using discrete element method to analyze the removal of grapevine-insulating soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Calibration - Cleaning - End effectors - Finite difference method - Friction - Pile foundations - Rubber - Software testing - Soils - Steel testing  - Textures - Tools
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-freezing - Discrete element modeling - Discrete element simulation - Grapevine - Parameters calibrations - Soil cleaning - Static frictional coefficient - Universal testing machines
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2  Foundations - 545.3  Steel - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731.5  Robotics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 818.1  Natural Rubber - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.14e+02N, Force 2.28e+02N, Percentage 6.38e+00%, Percentage 8.30e-01%, Pressure 3.80e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20200908248827
Title:An extraction xylem images of Caragana stenophylla Pojark based on K-means clustering and circle structure extraction algorithm
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;K&#22343;&#20540;&#32858;&#31867;&#21644;&#29615;&#24418;&#32467;&#26500;&#30340;&#29421;&#21494;&#38182;&#40481;&#20799;&#26408;&#36136;&#37096;&#25552;&#21462;&#31639;&#27861;
Authors:Wang, Haichao (1); Zong, Zheying (1); Zhang, Wenxia (1); Yin, Xiaofei (1); Wang, Xiaorong (1); Zhang, Haijun (1); Liu, Yanqiu (1); Shi, Xin (1); Wang, Chunguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chunguang(jdwcg@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:193-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the slice images of the xylem of Caragana stenophylla Pojarkthis paper proposed a novel algorithm that combined the K-means clustering and circle structure extraction algorithm, to achieve much more accurate information data of the xylem than that from the traditional image processing algorithms. Firstly, the dynamic Butterworth homomorphic filtering can be used to compensate for illumination variations on V components in the 30 images of Caragana stenophylla Pojark xylem in a HSV color space; then the K-means clustering can be used to initially segment the a and b components of the pre-processed xylem images under the Lab color space with a cluster of 3,finally, the circle structure extraction algorithm can be used to accurately cluster and extract the specific feature of the xylem images. The processing results showed that the Butterworth homomorphic filtering have a good effect on the illumination compensation for the various illumination variations in a series of different images, indicating some high resolution information in detail, texture, contrast and visual effect of the images. After being initially segmented by K-means clustering, the illumination compensated xylem images had an average section error (R) of 5.15%, over-segmentation error (OR) of 1.48% and under-segmentation error (UR) of 6.46%, respectively, which decreased by 23.60, 7.75 and 13.01 percentage points, respectively compared to the xylem images before the illumination compensation. The segmentation accuracy was enhanced significantly, which decreased 10.43 percentage points in R, 4.58 percentage points in OR and 4.96 percentage points in UR to 3R-G-B threshold value clustering algorithm after the illumination compensation. The average mean error of the circle structure extraction for the xylem images after the initial segment reached 2.26%, which was 11.69 percentage points lower than that of the watershed method, and 4.93 percentage points lower than that of pit matching method. The average duration of the algorithm in this case was 3.66 s on each image, saving 0.95 and 4.78 s compared to that of the watershed and pit matching method, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the algorithm was 0.52%, one third of that from the watershed and half of that from the pit matching. The proposed combined algorithm can automatically segment and extract the xylem information data from Caragana stenophylla Pojark, particularly on some images with the complex xylem structure, uneven illumination and uneven internal distribution, indicating better than the other two types of segmentation algorithms. These findings can provide fundamental reference for the promising extraction algorithm and the image processing of the xylem from other plants.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Data mining - Error compensation - Extraction - Information filtering - K-means clustering - Mean square error - Textures - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Caragana stenophylla Pojark - Extract - Illumination compensation - Image processing algorithm - Root mean squared errors - Segmentation algorithms - Structure extraction - Xylem
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.48e+00%, Percentage 2.26e+00%, Percentage 5.15e+00%, Percentage 5.20e-01%, Percentage 6.46e+00%, Time 3.66e+00s, Time 4.78e+00s, Time 9.50e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20200908248870
Title:Effect of different fertilizer shape characteristics on fertilizer sphericity
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#32933;&#26009;&#31890;&#24418;&#29305;&#24449;&#23545;&#32933;&#26009;&#29699;&#24230;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Hongjian (1, 2); Shi, Shaojun (2); Liu, Shuangxi (1, 3); Wang, Zhen (1, 2); Mu, Junlin (2); Wang, Jinxing (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jinxing(jinxingw@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:59-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A fertilizer that served as an important agricultural input, become rank first in the world in terms of Chinese production and utilization, further ensuring national food security and agricultural productivity. However, there are various effects of the shape characteristics of fertilizers on the appearance quality, strength, fluidity and the efficiency of mechanical fertilization in modern mechanized agriculture. If the sphericity of particles in a fertilizer is high, the strength of the fertilizer will be high, indicating hardly being deformed and/or broken. If the roundness of particles in a fertilizer is high, the porosity of the fertilizer will be large, indicating the better heat dissipation and flow effect. There are significant influences of particle shape and pore structure on the diffusion of salt ions in the fertilizer, while in turn the agglomeration of the fertilizer can affect the pore structure that caused by the accumulation of the fertilizer. Therefore, the effects of different shape characteristics on the fertilizer sphericity were studied by using single-factor and central combination tests, in order to clarify the relationship between various shape features and mechanical properties in the fertilizer. Firstly, the length, width, thickness, equiaxed rate, flake rate, roundness and sphericity of fertilizers were measured by the shape analyzer for agricultural materials. Secondly, the correlation coefficient between different shape characteristics and the fertilizer sphericity was determined by the single-factor variance test. Finally, taking the equiaxed rate, flake rate, roundness of fertilizers as the main influencing factors, the mathematical model of the fertilizer sphericity was established by Box-Behnken central combination test, and then the relationship between these factors and fertilizer sphericity was analyzed by the approaches of the regression statistical variance, response surface and isoline. The simulated results showed that a significant multiple regression equation could be fitted between the fertilizer sphericity and the equiaxed rate, flake rate, and roundness. The influence degree of each factor on the fertilizer sphericity from high to low was in the order of the equiaxed rate, flake rate, and roundness. When the equiaxed rate was in the range of 0.98-1.00, the flake rate was in the range of 0.92-0.95, and the roundness was in the range of 0.85-0.88, while the fertilizer sphericity was the highest, reaching over 92.9%. In the same batch of the compound fertilizer, 50 particles were randomly selected as verification samples, and the measured sphericity of fertilizer was obtained through various experiments. The predicted sphericity of fertilizer was achieved by the sphericity regression equations, while the accuracy of the sphericity model was evaluated by the error rate. The test results show that the maximum positive and negative error rate between the measured- and predicted sphericity of fertilizer was within 9%, indicating that the test results were consistent with the simulated values from the response surface analysis, as well verifying the proposed mathematical model. Therefore, a novel method for the indirect measurement of the fertilizer sphericity was proposed, which can provide significantly theoretical fundamentals for the production and quality inspection of fertilizers.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Food supply - Models - Pore structure - Productivity - Regression analysis - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Surface testing - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productivity - Central composite - Correlation coefficient - Indirect measurements - Multiple regression equations - Response surface analysis - Response surface method - Shape characteristics
Classification code:804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3  Food Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+00%, Percentage 9.29e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20200908248758
Title:Correlation analysis and modeling of water quality indexes for swine breeding wastewater
Title of translation:&#29983;&#29482;&#20859;&#27542;&#27745;&#27700;&#27700;&#36136;&#25351;&#26631;&#30456;&#20851;&#24615;&#20998;&#26512;&#19982;&#24314;&#27169;
Authors:Zhou, Hao (1, 2); Xu, Aijun (1, 2); Zhou, Suyin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Suyin(zsy197733@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:200-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the difference of treatment process about swine breeding sewage, the treatment methods are divided into ecological treatment, industrial treatment and centralized treatment. The components of sewage treated by industrial treatment are extremely complex, there will be a great risk of environmental pollution if the sewage is directly discharged into the natural water body. It&rsquo;s very important to monitor sewage quality. The monitoring methods commonly used in swine breeding sewage mainly include laboratory monitoring and automatic monitoring. The laboratory monitoring is traditional, which has the advantage of high data accuracy and the disadvantages of low efficiency and poor timeliness, the sewage indexes can be detected fast but costly using automatic monitoring method. To find a monitoring scheme that combined the advantages of laboratory monitoring method and automatic monitoring method, took the sewage from a large-scale pig farm as the research object, the change characteristics, correlation of seven main indexes of sewage quality and regression modeling of two main indexes were studied. The seven indeices were respectively ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, the potential of hydrogen, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. Through the detection and correlation analysis of 30 random samples from different seasons and climatic conditions, it was found that ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had similar variation trends and strong correlation each other, the correlation coefficient of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was 0.772, and that of ammonia nitrogen and electrical conductivity was 0.775, the correlation coefficient of total nitrogen and electrical conductivity was 0.920. Based on the results of correlation analysis, many types of monadic regressive and multivariate regression models for ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were established respectively, the relatively optimal "polynomial regression model" (model I) for ammonia nitrogen and the "comprehensive model" (model V) for total nitrogen were determined by comparing the coefficient of determination, residual sum of squares and the mean square regression of each model. The verification results based on 10 sets of data showed that the estimated values of these two models were closest to the measured values, the coefficients of determination of model I and model V were 0.855 and 0.953 respectively. Therefore, these two models could be used to evaluate the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in swine breeding sewage. The existing studies shown that the data obtained by laboratory monitoring and automatic monitoring had the same change law although the value was different, which meant that there was a good linear relationship between them, hence a linear regression model based on the automatic monitoring data could be established to achieve the monitoring of water quality indexes accurately and rapidly. Based on this conclusion and the above two models, the feasibility of an efficient and low-cost automatic monitoring scheme for swine breeding wastewater quality was analyzed in this study. The indexes involved in the solution included electrical conductivity, the potential of hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand, the total nitrogen that was difficult and expensive to detect automatically does not require to detect directly, the concentration of which could be calculated by the value of ammonia nitrogen and electrical conductivity according to model V, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen with relatively low difficulty and cost could be obtained by the value of electrical conductivity according to model I, the detection of electrical conductivity and potential of hydrogen was more convenient and the cost was lower, the data of total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand would be obtained by linear regression model based on automatic monitoring data. Compared with the existing monitoring methods, the number of indexes that needed to be detected directly in this scheme would be significantly reduced, which would make the overall difficulty and the cost of monitoring decreasing, and the monitoring efficiency improved. Consequently, these two models could provide an important theoretical basis for the establishment of an efficient and low-cost automatic monitoring scheme for swine breeding sewage.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biochemical oxygen demand - Chemical detection - Correlation methods - Costs - Dissolved oxygen - Efficiency - Electric conductivity - Hydrogen - Industrial water treatment  - Laboratories - Mammals - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Polynomial regression - Quality control - Regression analysis - Sewage - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Breeding wastewaters - Coefficient of determination - Electrical conductivity - Environmental pollutions - Linear regression models - Multivariate regression models - Polynomial regression models - Residual sum of squares
Classification code:445.1.2  Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use - 445.2  Water Analysis - 452.1  Sewage - 453  Water Pollution - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20200908248775
Title:Effect of electric field on flow boiling pressure drop characteristics of R141b in microchannel
Title of translation:&#30005;&#22330;&#23545;&#24494;&#32454;&#36890;&#36947;&#20869;R141b&#21046;&#20919;&#21058;&#27969;&#21160;&#27832;&#33150;&#21387;&#38477;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Luo, Xiaoping (1); Peng, Zizhe (1); Liu, Qian (1); Guo, Feng (1); Zhang, Jinxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:257-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Microchannel heat exchanger is highly efficient in heat exchange due to its microscopic structure and large heat exchange surface area ratio. Compared with conventional heat exchanger, it not only improves heat exchange efficiency but also saves space and reduces the weight of heat dissipation equipment. In agriculture, microchannel heat dissipation technology has been widely used in cultivation, machinery, and product drying. Microchannel increases resistance to fluid flow and could thus result in an increase in energy consumption. It could also give rise to a pressure-drop oscillation affecting operation of the system. Previous work showed that electric field has a beneficial impact on heat transfer efficiency in the microchannel heat exchanger. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different electrodes (needle type and linear types) affect pressure drop of the boiling R141b coolant when it flows in the microchannel. The pressure in the system was kept at 140 kPa, the working inlet temperature was 32.5&#8451;, the mass flow rate ranged from 277.35 to 531.75 kg/(m²&bull;s), the heat flux density ranged from 7.50 to 21.49 kW/m², the voltage ranged from 0 to 850 V, and the microchannel was rectangular with a cross section of 2 mm&times;2 mm. The results showed that the electric field under both electrodes increased the frictional pressure drop in the microchannel, compared with that without electric field. The frictional pressure drop of the two-phase along per unit length increased with both voltage and heat flux. The average two-phase frictional pressure drop along per unit length under the needle and the linear electrode was increased 0.7% to 15.4% and 1.3% to 18.7%, respectively, that without electric field. When the voltage changed from 0 to 250 V, the effect of the needle electrode on the pressure drop was greater than that of the linear electrode, while when the voltage was higher than 400 V, the effect of the linear electrode on the pressure drop was more significant. We simulated the electric field distribution in a microchannel 6 mm long using COMSOL for both electrodes. The results showed that under the same voltage, the maximum of the electric field intensity in the needle electrode was higher than that in the linear electrode, but the effective range of the electric field in the linear electrode was higher than that in the needle electrode. The results presented in this paper provide an alternative to improve performance of microchannel heat exchanger and reduce its energy consumption.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pressure effects
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Drops - Electric fields - Electrodes - Energy utilization - Friction - Heat exchangers - Heat flux - Heat transfer - Heating equipment  - Machinery - Microchannels - Needles - Pressure drop - Refrigerants - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Electric field distributions - Electric field intensities - Frictional pressure drops - Heat exchange efficiency - Micro-channel heat exchangers - Pressure drop characteristic - Pressure drop oscillations - Two-phase frictional pressure drop
Classification code:525.3  Energy Utilization - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+00% to 1.87e+01%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 1.54e+01%, Pressure 1.40e+05Pa, Size 6.00e-03m, Surface_Power_Density 7.50e+03W/m2 to 2.15e+04W/m2, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 2.50e+02V, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 8.50e+02V, Voltage 4.00e+02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20200908248947
Title:Uniform fertilization method based on differential pressure tank
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21387;&#24046;&#24335;&#26045;&#32933;&#32592;&#30340;&#22343;&#21248;&#26045;&#32933;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Hu, Xinyu (1, 2); Yan, Haijun (1, 2); Chen, Xin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xin(chenx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:119-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Differential pressure tank is a widely used fertilization device in the application of fertilization in China and many other countries. However, the fertilizer concentration in the tank continuously decays with the inflow of water. The decay feature of fertilizer concentration can easily lead to excessive fertilization at the head and insufficient fertilization at the end of the irrigation system. An analytical solution was proposed in this paper to achieve uniform fertilization based on differential pressure tank with constant fertilizer concentration and flux. The relationship between the uniform fertilization analytical solution and the fertilizer continuity equation was obtained based on differential pressure tank. The analytical solution was expected to control the flux flowing into the differential pressure tank and the flux directly flowing into the irrigation system through the main pipe according to 4 parameters: Uniform fertilizer concentration, initial fertilizer concentration, the volume of differential pressure tank and the total fertilization flux of the main pipe. Based on the analytical solution, the fertilizer continuity equation and the incompressible continuity and momentum equations of water were used for describing the movement of mixture in the differential pressure tank. The numerical model for mixed water and fertilizer flow in the differential pressure tank was determined by experimental data. The fertilizer concentration simulated by numerical model was nearly uniform in the tank and the fertilizer concentration at tank outlet obtained by numerical model decayed with a negative exponential pattern as described by Feng&rsquo;s theory. The numerical simulation results directly verified the accuracy of the basis of Feng&rsquo;s theory. The differential equation was also the basis of the uniform fertilization. The mean absolute error between the differential equation and the experimental data was less than 0.041 when the boundary condition of traditional fertilization method was substituted into the differential equation, which indirectly proved the rationality of uniform fertilization method satisfying the boundary conditions of constant fertilizer concentration and flux. The analytical solution&rsquo;s feasibility in the uniform fertilization process based on differential pressure tank was simulated by the numerical model of fertilizer solution in determining the uniform fertilizer concentration and the fertilization time. The fertilizer concentration at tank outlet simulated by the numerical model decayed almost linearly and agreed with the uniform fertilization analytical solution. The fertilizer concentration simulated by the numerical model at drip irrigation system inlet was almost uniform and in agreement with the analytical solution of uniform fertilization. The relative bias of fertilizer concentration between the analytical solution and computation calculated by the numerical model was less than 15%, which verified the feasibility of uniform fertilization method based on differential pressure tank. The results showed that the application of uniform fertilization method and the uniform fertilization method could basically achieve constant fertilizer concentration and flux based on differential pressure tank. According to the actual product, the relationship between valve opening and time could be obtained in order to realize the control of valve opening process by computer. Approximately 70% to 80% of fertilizer in the normal operation was within range of the excessive or insufficient amount, whereas the uniform fertilization method could effectively avoid the waste of excessive fertilization and the lack of insufficient fertilization.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Analytical models
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Computation theory - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Pressure - Process control - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Continuity equations - Differential pressures - Drip irrigation systems - Irrigation systems - Mean absolute error - Momentum equation - Negative exponential - Uniform fertilization
Classification code:619.2  Tanks - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20200908248756
Title:Vulnerability of drought disaster of maize in China based on AquaCrop model
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;AquaCrop&#20316;&#29289;&#29983;&#38271;&#27169;&#22411;&#30740;&#31350;&#20013;&#22269;&#29577;&#31859;&#24178;&#26097;&#33030;&#24369;&#24615;
Authors:Xu, Kun (1); Zhu, Xiufang (1, 2, 3); Liu, Ying (1); Hou, Chenyao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Xiufang(zhuxiufang@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drought disaster assessment has become increasingly significant in ensuring national food security and sustainable agricultural development. Vulnerability assessment plays a significant role in disaster research area and vulnerability curve is one of the common quantitative evaluation methods in the field of vulnerability research. In this paper, using the AquaCrop model that has been calibrated city by city, we simulated the response of maize yield to different water stress and then constructed drought vulnerability curves for 5 maize planting regions in China: the north spring maize planting region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize planting region, the southwest mountain maize planting region, the south hilly maize planting region and the northwest irrigated maize planting region. In this research, firstly, 2 of 36 main crop parameters of maize were selected as sensitive parameters based on a global sensitivity analysis method, Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test. Then, AquaCrop model was calibrated city by city in 241 maize-growing cities and used to simulate the maize yield under different irrigation scenarios. Finally, we built drought vulnerability curves of 5 main maize plating regions with an improved drought hazard index construction method, which used an average value of daily drought hazard indexes instead of the commom accumulate value, thus we raised comparability of drought hazard index between different maize planting regions and took extreme drought situation into account. The results showed that: 1) The 2 most sensitive parameters to maize yield in the Aquacrop model were the crop coefficient when canopy growth was complete but prior to senescence and the reference harvest index. We finally obtain 241 groups of parameters for the 241 maize planting cities after finishing model calibration and according to the result of validation, the accuracy of the model calibration was satisfactory (R²=0.67). 2) All the 5 vulnerability curves followed an "S" shape. And we found that when the drought hazard index reached 0.2, the yield loss rate began to increase rapidly; and when it reached 0.6, the yield loss rate approached the maximum value. The R² of the fitted functions in 5 maize planting regions were 0.93, 0.86, 0.47, 0.70, 0.98, respectively. The northwest irrigated maize planting region had the highest R² and the southwest mountain maize planting region had the lowest. The drought situation was more serious in the northwest irrigated maize planting region, followed by the north spring maize planting region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize planting region, the south hilly maize planting region and the southwest mountain maize planting region. The research enriched case studies of the AquaCrop model and vulnerability curve construction, quantitatively explored the spatial and temporal differences in drought effects on maize yield in China and enhanced the researches on yield loss prediction. It provides valulble information for the study of drought hazard vulnerability of maize in China and has a certain practical value in the field of drought risk assessment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Crops - Disasters - Food supply - Hazards - Landforms - Risk assessment - Sensitivity analysis - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Fourier amplitude sensitivity tests - Global sensitivity analysis - Maize - Quantitative evaluation methods - Sustainable agricultural development - Vulnerability assessments - Vulnerability curves - Water stress
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921  Mathematics - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20200908248953
Title:Elastic foundation beam unified model for ice and frost damage concrete canal of water delivery under ice cover
Title of translation:&#20912;&#30422;&#36755;&#27700;&#34924;&#30732;&#28192;&#36947;&#20912;&#20923;&#30772;&#22351;&#32479;&#19968;&#21147;&#23398;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Ge, Jianrui (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2); Niu, Yonghong (2); Wang, Yi (1); Xiao, Min (3); Liu, Quanhong (1); Jiang, Haoyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) College of Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi Science &amp; Technology Normal University, Nanchang; 330013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhengzhong(wangzz0910@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the rapid increase of water consumption by living and industry in cities, the operation of the water-delivery canal is becoming common during the icy period in winter. However, there is still a lack of quantitative method for evaluation of freezing damage that could seriously threaten the normal operation of water-delivery canal. In this paper, the ice and frost damage of ice-covered water-delivery canal was defined as the result of the coupling effect of the static ice pressure on the lining plate and the frost heave of the canal subsoil. In this regard, this study deduced an analytical expression of internal force, stress calculation and anti-crack criterion of lining structure under operating conditions of ice cover. The process of derivation was based on elastic foundation beam theory model for no water delivery canal, and the interaction of ice thrust, ice constraint and frost heaving force of foundation were considered. Through the change of the influence coefficient of static ice load, hydrostatic pressure and the coupling coefficient of freezing load, the internal force and stress distribution of lining structure could be unified under the conditions with or without ice cover and water supply in winter, and thus a unified mechanical model of freezing damage for lining structure of water-delivery canal in cold region could be established to provide a quantitative analysis method for the freezing damage of ice-covered water-delivery canal. In order to ensure the practicability of this study, a trapezoidal lined canal of Xinjiang Manas River Diversion Hydropower Station was took as a prototype. In this area, the lowest temperature was -19^oC, the foundation soil of canal was loam, the thickness of concrete lining slope plate was 0.20 m, the concrete strength of slope plate was C20. The distribution of internal force, stress and ice pullout force of lining slabs was analyzed, and then the distribution of maximum bending moment along lining slabs and the location of dangerous section were determined with ice and frost damage. The comparative analysis of internal force and stress calculation of the 3 typical trapezoidal canal freezing damage mechanical models showed that the maximum tensile stress of the cross section was 4.186, 2.447 and 2.208 MPa, respectively. The freezing damage in the case that water delivery canal was ice-free was the most serious, and in the case that the canal of no water delivery was the lightest, while the ice-covered water delivery case was in the middle of the former 2 cases, and there was a big difference among the 3 cases, and the location of lining where freezing damage began to occur was totally different. Therefore, 3 typical operating conditions should be considered comprehensively in the anti-ice and freezing design of trapezoidal canal of water delivery in winter and security under the 3 conditions should be evaluated according to failure law and mechanical model. Based on the minor deformation hypothesis of materials, and a unified mechanical model was established here to calculate and analyze the frost heaving of canal foundation soil and ice load acting on concrete canal. In the future, mechanical model of ice and freezing damage of canal under ice cover should be researched deeply for coupling effect of ice cover life cycle. This study can provide theoretical support for the design of water-delivery canal in cold region, for effectively predicting canal frost failure under different conditions, and has important guiding significance for ensuring the normal operation of water-delivery canal.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Canal linings - Canals - Concretes - Foundations - Freezing - Hydraulic structures - Hydrostatic pressure - Irrigation canals - Life cycle - Linings  - Models - Plates (structural components) - Soils - Stresses - Structural design - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical expressions - Concrete linings - Elastic foundation beam - Ice cover - Influence coefficient - Maximum bending moments - Typical operating conditions - Water delivery
Classification code:407.2  Waterways - 408.1  Structural Design, General - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 412  Concrete - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2  Foundations - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 2.21e+06Pa, Pressure 2.45e+06Pa, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20200908248861
Title:Effects of intermittent irrigation on reactive transport behavior of chlorpyrifos in paddy field
Title of translation:&#38388;&#27463;&#28748;&#28297;&#23545;&#31291;&#30000;&#27602;&#27515;&#34609;&#36801;&#31227;&#36716;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Huiyun (1, 2); Guan, Zhuo (1); Cheng, Jianhua (1, 2); Tang, Xiangyu (1); Xian, Qingsong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Xiangyu(xytang@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:214-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Intermittent irrigation is one common practice of water management in paddy field of hilly areas, and the intense alternating wet and dry process may have a significant effect on the environmental behavior of various pollutants. Based on the laboratory batch equilibrium adsorption experiment, isotherms of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and its major degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the cultivated layer (0-20 cm) and underlying uncultivated layers (20-50 cm) of the paddy fields of calcareous purple soil were obtained and fitted by the linear and Freundlich models. During the rice-growing season, field application of chlorpyrifos in paddy soils and continuous on-site monitoring were carried out for the observation of temporal changes in the concentration of both chlorpyrifos and TCP in the floodwater and soil pore water at different depths. The results obtained under the conditions of intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding were compared. The results showed that the adsorption isothermal data for both chlorpyrifos and TCP fitted well both models. The calculated values of Freundlich sorption capacity and linear distribution coefficient for chlorpyrifos and TCP were found higher for the cultivated soil layer than those for the uncultivated layers. For all the tested soil samples, chlorpyrifos had much higher values of Freundlich sorption capacity (in the range of 34 to 170) and linear distribution coefficient (in the range of 44 to 171) than those for TCP, which had Freundlich sorption capacity and linear distribution coefficient in the range of 0.62 to 0.67 and 0.47 to 0.78, respectively. This indicated that chlorpyrifos could be easily adsorbed to the soil and maintained in the surface soil, while TCP could easily migrate and disperse in the environment. Following the pesticide application, concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP in the floodwater decreased rapidly with time and reached to stable low levels (i.e., 10% of initial concentrations) within the first 3 and 6 days, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was mostly adsorbed in the cultivated soil layer, while TCP was mainly found in the aqueous phase of both cultivated and uncultivated layers. Both chlorpyrifos and TCP could reach the depth of 50 cm with infiltrating water via various soil macropores (e.g., cracks, worm burrows, and root channels). Irrigation method had shown an effect on their concentrations in soil pore water, with concentrations generally found lower under intermittent irrigation as compared to continuous flooding. Apparently, water movement in paddy field exerted a greater impact on the TCP concentration in soil pore water of the cultivated soil layer under intermittent irrigation. After draining out the floodwater, the TCP concentration of soil pore water at the 10 cm depth decreased rapidly and remained stable after re-irrigation; in the contrast, TCP increased steadily during the first 3 weeks following chlorpyrifos application under continuous flooding condition. In addition, rain events during the floodwater draining periods and irrigation events had resulted in the transient releases of both chlorpyrifos and TCP from the soil solid phase to the aqueous phase, followed by subsequent leaching at elevated concentrations. Such effect was found more apparent for TCP, which had a lower sorptivity than its parent compound chlorpyrifos. The marked decreases in the concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP with time in soil pore water at the depth of 10 cm during the floodwater draining periods may be attributed to the enhanced degradation of both compounds under the improved oxidative conditions. The results above have suggested that, in future research, due attention should be paid to the environmental behavior of TCP in paddy fields at lowlands of hilly areas that may pose a risk to the shallow groundwater used as drinking water source for surrounding rural residents.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Cultivation - Degradation - Floods - Groundwater - Irrigation - Potable water - Shotcreting - Soils - Transmission control protocol  - Water pollution - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:3 ,5 ,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol - Alternating wet and dries - Chlorpyrifos - Elevated concentrations - Environmental behavior - Intermittent irrigations - Paddy fields - Pesticide applications
Classification code:412  Concrete - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 453  Water Pollution - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 5.75e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 5.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20200908248872
Title:Regulation for energy-saving operation of energy supply system in plant factory with energy-storage ground-source heat pump
Title of translation:&#33988;&#33021;&#22411;&#22320;&#28304;&#28909;&#27893;&#24335;&#26893;&#29289;&#24037;&#21378;&#20379;&#33021;&#31995;&#32479;&#33410;&#33021;&#36816;&#34892;&#35843;&#25511;
Authors:Shi, Huixian (1); An, Wenting (1); Xu, Detian (1); Tian, Qinyu (1); Zhang, Zhonghua (1); Ren, Yike (1); Ouyang, Sanchuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:245-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Groundwater source heat pumps have high efficiency and environmental protection in greenhouse temperature control. Most importantly, the operating energy consumption can be further reduced if the water storage technology were combined. Although the energy storage type ground source heat pump plant factory energy supply system avoids the problems of low primary energy utilization and serious pollution in traditional fossil energy supply, it currently lacks long-term operating experience. This study takes Shanghai Chongming Natural Light Plant Factory as an example to optimize the energy-saving operation of the energy storage groundwater source heat pump energy supply system. The total area of the plant factory is 21 000 square meters, which is divided into three areas A, B and C. The 7 greenhouses in area A use an energy storage groundwater source heat pump air-conditioning system with an area of 5 880 square meters. The greenhouse uses two cylindrical concrete storage tanks, of which the volume of the thermal storage tank is 400 cubic meters and the diameter is 7.65 meters; the volume of the cold storage tank is 600 cubic meters and the diameter is 9.29 meters. The plant factory has 2 hot water wells and 2 cold water wells. In winter, water was drawn from the 2 hot water wells and passed through a convection plate heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cold water flowing from the cold water tank. The low-temperature water after the heat exchange was pumped back by pressure fill 2 cold water wells. Under typical operating conditions in winter, the output temperature of hot water wells was basically maintained at 16-20&#8451;.The inlet water temperature of cold water wells remained stable at about 7&#8451;, and the pumping flow of hot water wells was maintained at about 40 m³/h. According to the statistics of the operating parameters of the heat pump in the first quarter, it could be concluded that the four output water temperatures and input water temperatures of the heat pump remain stable, and the heat pump operated normally during the heating season. The power consumption of the heat pump in the first quarter was 208 559.5 kWh. Among them, the power consumption in January was 83 525.9 kWh, February was 76 673.3 kWh, and March was 48 360.3 kWh; the total heat output to the greenhouse and hot water tank was 3 542.7 GJ, of which 1 445.9 GJ was output in January and 1 258.6 GJ was output in February. In March, the heat output was 838.2 GJ; in the first quarter, the total heat pump operation was 1 322.8 h, including 557.7 h in January, 454.4 h in February, and 310.7 h in March. After research, there are three unreasonable operating conditions of the system: A. The heat pump continued to supply heat when the plant factory heat load s negative; B. The heat pump output excessive heat to the hot water storage tank; C. The heat pump was still running during peak hours. After optimization and control, to avoid the A operation, the heat pump could finally reduce the output energy by 21.55 GJ in the first quarter, which could reduce the power consumption by 1 012.50 kWh, which could save 747 yuan when converted to electricity price; to avoid the B operation, set the upper limit of hot water charge rate at 85% in the first quarter, which can reduce the output of 97.2 GJ energy under the premise of ensuring that the heat pump is fully powered by the plant factory; to avoid the C operation, to avoid the C operation, assuming that the heat pump was used during the price trough, the total output energy of the heat pump was unchanged. Transferring the heat of the heat pump 140.25 GJ in the first quarter to the parity stage output could save 5 530 yuan, and the total power at this time was 8 654.07 kWh, at this time, the total amount of electricity was 8 654.07 kWh. By optimizing the operation process of the natural light plant factory's energy supply system, energy saving and consumption reduction can be achieved, and economic operation can be achieved.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Cold storage - Electric energy storage - Electric power utilization - Energy conservation - Energy storage - Energy utilization - Enthalpy - Greenhouses - Groundwater  - Heat pump systems - Heat storage - Heating - Pumps - Temperature - Water tanks - Water wells
Uncontrolled terms:Energy saving and consumption reductions - Energy-saving operation - Groundwater source heat pump - Inlet water temperatures - Operating energy consumption - Optimization and control - Plant factory - Typical operating conditions
Classification code:444.2  Groundwater - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 525  Energy Management and Conversion - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 644.3  Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Energy 1.40e+11J, Energy 2.16e+10J, Energy 2.59e+11J, Energy 4.46e+11J, Energy 5.43e+11J, Energy 9.72e+10J, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 9.29e+00m, Time 1.12e+06s, Time 1.16e+06s, Time 1.64e+06s, Time 2.01e+06s, Volume 4.00e+02m3, Volume 6.00e+02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20200908248869
Title:Antioxidantion and composition analysis of purified polygonatum sibiricum polyphenols using macroporous resin
Title of translation:&#22823;&#23380;&#26641;&#33026;&#32431;&#21270;&#40644;&#31934;&#22810;&#37210;&#21450;&#20854;&#25239;&#27687;&#21270;&#24615;&#19982;&#32452;&#25104;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wu, Yonghua (1); Zhang, Jianping (1); Zhao, Jiechang (1); Chen, Anhui (1); Shao, Ying (1); Liu, Enqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou; 221018, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Enqi(xiaoyaohai777@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:318-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Polygonatum sibiricum becomes generally used as a sort of traditional medicinal herbs for thousands of years in China. This herbs contains a large number of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, to cure many physiological functions including antioxidant, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer etc. This present work focused on the purification processing of the raw Polygonatum polyphenols by using the specific macroporous resin. A sort of resin, named AB-8, was chosen as the ideal adsorbent due to the best adsorption and the desorption rate for Polygonatum polyphenols, after the comparison test for the adsorption-desorption characteristics of four different types of resins (AB-8, NKA-9, SP-825 and XAD-2) for crude Polygonatum polyphenols. In the static/dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments, the sample concentration, flow velocity of samples, ethanol concentration and flow velocity of desorption showed great influence on the macroporous resin in the process of separating and purifying the Polygonatum polyphenols. The ideal purification parameters for the resin of AB-8 were as follows, at room temperature, the concentration of crude polyphenol was 0.80 mg/mL with the flow velocity of 0.8 mL/min, and 70% ethanol was used as the eluent solvent with the elution flow rate of 1 mL/min. The Folin-phenol reagent method was adopted to determine the total phenol content during the purification. The results showed that the purity of Polygonatum polyphenols after purification by AB-8 resin increased by 3.37 times than the crude polyphenol extract indicating that AB-8 resin has great adsorption and enrichment effect for Polygonatum polyphenols. The total reduction capacity, scavenging capacity of DPPH&bull; and ABTS⁺&bull; were measured to investigate the antioxidant capacity of crude and purified Polygonatum polyphenols. The obtained results showed that Polygonatum polyphenols possessed good antioxidant capacity with the dose-effect relationship. IC<inf>50</inf> values of total reduction capacity of Polygonatum polyphenols before and after purification were (27.48+1.93) &mu;g/mL, (19.01+1.48) &mu;g/mL, IC<inf>50</inf> values of DPPH&bull; scavenging activities were (5.21+0.48) &mu;g/mL, (4.00+0.26) &mu;g/mL, and IC<inf>50</inf> values of ABTS⁺&bull; scavenging activities were (4.89+0.82) &mu;g/mL and(4.21&plusmn;0.53) &mu;g/mL, respectively. Obviously, the antioxidant activity of Polygonatum polyphenols was significantly enhanced after purification. The infrared spectrum and HPLC were also used to analyze the structure characteristics and compositions of the purified products. The characteristic peaks of some polyphenols and flavones can be detected, where Polygonatum polyphenols mainly contains green source acid, ferulic acid, rutin and ursolic acid. The present study can provide a scientific basis for the structure-activity analysis of Polygonatum polyphenols and their promising utilization in the functional food, medicine and cosmetics.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Purification
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Antioxidants - Desorption - Ethanol - Flow velocity - Organic solvents - Phenols - Plants (botany) - Resins
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption and desorptions - Anti-oxidant activities - Composition analysis - Dose-effect relationships - Physiological functions - Polygonatum sibiricum - Polyphenols - Structure characteristic
Classification code:631  Fluid Flow - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 8.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20200908248885
Title:Characteristics of soil wind erosion in new reclaimation land of Mu Us sandy land, China
Title of translation:&#27611;&#20044;&#32032;&#27801;&#22320;&#26032;&#22438;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756;&#39118;&#34432;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Zhou, Yanguang (1); Wu, Zifeng (1); Hu, Rina (1); Li, Hongyue (1); Wang, Zhuoran (1); Hasi, Eerdun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Hasi, Eerdun(hasi@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:138-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil wind erosion is the main cause of land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China, which is mainly affected by surface type, climate and so on. Strong soil wind-erosion will not only accelerate regional desertification and influence the quality of human life, but also cause serious ecological and environmental problems. Since the 2000 s, our country has gradually strengthened the control of land desertification and carried out a series of sand control works, which effectively improved the overall ecological environment of the sandy land. But in recent years, there are some common phenomenon that extensive grassland and brushland was turned into cultivated land in the southeast and southwest of Mu Us sandy land. However, in the dry and windy winter or spring, these new reclaimation land is usually so exposed that it is vulnerable to suffer from strong wind erosion. Therefore, it is great significance to study the characteristics of soil wind erosion in new reclaimation land and find out the control methods. Based on the above question, this paper selected the southern part of Mu Us sandy land (38&deg;05&rsquo;27&Prime;-38&deg;13&rsquo;58&Prime;N, 107&deg;24&rsquo;28&Prime;-107&deg;37&rsquo;30&Prime;E) as the research area, as well as set up 5 observation points on different surfaces, which were represented respectively by A, B, C, D and E. Point A was on the brushland, point B was on the middle of the grassland, and other three points were respectively on different parts of the cultivated land. On the day with strong wind activity, 12 groups simultaneous observation of wind and sand were made at these 5 points (A, B, C, D, E), with each observation time at least 20 minutes. After these observations, the material of the sand samplers were weighed with an electronic balance of 1/1 000, and the material of surface and sand samplers on cultivated land were analyzed by Mastersizer2000 Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results showed that the soil wind erosion intensity increased exponentially after grassland and shrubland were cultivated; on cultivated land, with the increase of height, the sediment transport rate decreases with exponential function within 0-10 cm height and power function within 10-20 cm height. Due to the height of the sand collector used in this paper is 20cm, lower than the height of the sand flow layer. In order to obtain the total sediment transport rate of the surface of the cultivated land, this paper must calculate it through the function simulation obtained from the above result. After calculating the total sediment transport rate, fitting it with the wind speed. We found that the total sediment transport rate has a good power function relationship with the wind speed in the cultivated land with sufficient erodibility particles. Based on the formula of the relationship between wind speed and total sediment transport rate, as well as the wind speed data of the meteorological stations in the region, the wind erosion modulus of the new reclaimation land can be preliminarily calculated. The result shows that the wind erosion modulus of the new reclaimed land is 9 657 t/(km²&bull;a). Through the results obtained in this paper, combined with the former research results, this paper argues that the emergence of new reclaimed land has an important impact on regional desertification, and its area should be used as an important index when evaluating regional desertification. Meanwhile, Controlling cultivated land area, establishing windbreak and sand fixation forest, as well as retaining stubble at a certain height can effectively control soil wind erosion in newly reclaimed land.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Climatology - Ecology - Electronic scales - Erosion - Exponential functions - Land use - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Reclamation - Sand  - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Soil quality - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Ecological environments - Environmental problems - Laser particle size analyzer - Meteorological station - Sand flux - Sediment transport rate - Simultaneous observation
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443  Meteorology - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 921  Mathematics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Time 1.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20200908248960
Title:Ammonia volatilization from winter wheat cropland in Northern China based on a literature analysis
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25991;&#29486;&#20998;&#26512;&#30340;&#21271;&#26041;&#20908;&#40614;&#30000;&#27688;&#25381;&#21457;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Kang, Fei (1); Meng, Fanqiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Fanqiao(mengfq@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northern China is the main intensive agricultural area for winter wheat-summer maize production in China. In the past 30 years, chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer was the main source of N input in the farmland ecosystem and plays a key role in crop production and soil quality. Due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer and frequent irrigation, fertilizer N usage efficiency was low and was also lost into the environment and this caused many negative environmental pollutions. Among the fates of fertilizer N applied, ammonia volatilization was an important gaseous N loss, and it was one of the main sources of atmospheric ammonia and significantly contributed to the formation of atmospheric pollutant PM<inf>2.5</inf>. Besides, compared with the acid soil in southern China, the proportion of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soil after N fertilization in northern China was higher. In the past, although many experimental studies have been carried out on ammonia volatilization in northern China Plain, few have systematically investigated the relationship between ammonia volatilization and fertilizer N used, and the efficacies of different ammonia collection methods, i.e., sponge absorption method and vacuum suction method. In this study, the works of literature on ammonia volatilization during the winter wheat season in northern China published from 1980 to 2018 were collected and the methods of regression analysis and T-test were adopted. Among the 31 papers collected in this study, 17 adopted the sponge absorption method and 14 adopted the vacuum suction method to measure the ammonia volatilized after N fertilization during the winter wheat season. The results showed that under farmer&rsquo;s conventional N fertilization level, the cumulative total ammonia and net ammonia volatilization was exponentially (y=2.64e^{0.006 6x})and power-functionally(y=0.004 8x^{1.358 9}) correlated with the fertilized N rate, respectively. Correspondingly, the average proportion of net ammonia volatilization to total chemical N applied was (6.27&plusmn;0.98)%. Under the same N rate at the basal and topdressing stages, the corresponding ammonia volatilization was 58.7% and 41.3% of the total ammonia volatilization in the whole wheat season, indicating the higher contribution of N volatilization at the basal stage, and the importance of mitigation the ammonia volatilization for winter wheat season. At the fertilization rate of 180 kg/hm² during the winter wheat season, the ammonia volatilization determined by the vacuum suction method and the sponge absorption method was similar. At the fertilization rate of &lt;180 kg/hm², the ammonia volatilization determined by the sponge absorption method was 0-5% higher than that of the vacuum suction method and at 180-400 kg/hm², the vacuum suction method was 0-6.9% higher than that of the sponge absorption method, although the statistic differences between these two methods were not significant. This study also found the priming effect of the ammonia volatilization due to chemical N fertilization was 21.8%&plusmn;3.57%; the net ammonia volatilization determined without considering of priming effect was significantly higher than that determined with considering of priming effect. The mitigation of ammonia volatilization in the winter wheat season should focus on optimizing the N fertilization rate, mainly at the basal fertilization stage, and combined with other farming measures such as drip irrigation and soil mulching). During the field study of ammonia volatilization caused by chemical N fertilization, the priming effect and the overestimate of ammonia volatilization should not be neglected. Differences of NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization via the sponge absorption method and the vacuum suction method should also be taken into consideration.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Ammonia
Controlled terms:Atmospheric chemistry - Crops - Cultivation - Ecosystems - Irrigation - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pollution - Regression analysis - Soil quality
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia volatilization - Atmospheric pollutants - Environmental pollutions - Fertilization period - Literature analysis - Northern China Plains - Vacuum suction - Winter wheat
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 5.00e+00%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 6.90e+00%, Percentage 4.13e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20200908248839
Title:Speed changing control strategy for improving tractor fuel economy
Title of translation:&#25552;&#39640;&#29123;&#27833;&#32463;&#27982;&#24615;&#30340;&#25302;&#25289;&#26426;&#21464;&#36895;&#25511;&#21046;&#31574;&#30053;
Authors:Zhang, Mingzhu (1, 3); Wang, Jiezhong (1); Wang, Jianhua (4); Guo, Zhanzheng (2); Guo, Fuqiang (4); Xi, Zhiqiang (2); Xu, Jiajun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) Advanced Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Luoyang; 471003, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Power System of Tractor, Luoyang; 471003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:82-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to realize the optimal fuel economy of tractors equipped with hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT), the speed changing control strategy of tractors was studied based on the analysis of the influence of the engine and HMCVT on the tractor&rsquo;s fuel economy. For the tractors binary adjusted by engine and HMCVT, brake specific fuel consumption and HMCVT transmission efficiency have great changes at different work points. Based on the characteristic, the paper put forward a kind of control strategy of optimal fuel economy which take the ratio of brake specific fuel consumption g<inf>e</inf> to HMCVT transmission efficiency &eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index. A load feedback control principle of tractors was designed to ensure stable driving of tractors under any target speed and improve operational quality. The optimal engine speed, torque and HMCVT speed ratio of tractors at any working point in the load characteristic field were calculated by using the parameter cycle algorithm, which ensured the engineering realization of the optimal fuel economic control strategy of tractors under the dual coordinated regulation. The results showed that the distribution of the optimal speed ratio appeared in the form of terraced field. The optimal speed ratio of the platform part corresponded to the working state of the pure mechanical drive of HMCVT. At this time, HMCVT was at the highest efficiency point. The distribution percentage of optimal speed ratio reached 72.84% when transmission efficiency of HMCVT was higher than 0.92, and reached 54.16% when transmission efficiency was higher than 0.94. This meant that HMCVT mainly worked at high-efficiency area under the control strategy of optimal fuel economy. Compared with unary regulation which took g<inf>e</inf> or g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index and the binary regulation which take g<inf>e</inf> as the index, the tractor fuel consumption was obviously reduced. The surface of g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> was smoother, which was more suitable for the complex working environment of tractors. Under the control of the optimal strategy of fuel economy, the working point proportion of the low fuel consumption area in the whole load characteristic field was 3.03, 1.27 and 1.20 times as great as the other three speed changing control strategies; while the proportion of high fuel consumption area was 0.183, 0.299 and 0.439 times as few as the other three control strategies. It showed that tractor was more likely to work in lower fuel consumption state, when it worked stably at a certain target speed. The research suggested that the optimal fuel economic speed changing control strategy of tractors with g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index can improve the fuel economy of tractors under any working condition. The results lay a foundation for the realization of the control strategy of the follow-up engineering and the test verification.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fuel economy
Controlled terms:Brakes - Efficiency - Engines - Fuels - Quality control - Speed - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Transmissions - Variable speed transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Brake specific fuel consumption - Continuously variable transmission - Control strategies - Engineering realizations - Load characteristics - Low fuel consumption - Operational quality - Transmission efficiency
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 602  Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20200908248821
Title:Performance index simulation and analysis of peanut ventilation drying in barrel-shaped fixed bed
Title of translation:&#31570;&#29366;&#22266;&#23450;&#24202;&#33457;&#29983;&#36890;&#39118;&#24178;&#29157;&#24615;&#33021;&#25351;&#26631;&#27169;&#25311;&#19982;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Yan, Jianchun (1, 2); Wei, Hai (1, 2); Xie, Huanxiong (1, 2); You, Zhaoyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Sino-USA Laboratory of Peanut Production Engineering Technology, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Huanxiong(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical drying become gradually used to reduce post-harvest losses of peanuts because the conventional sun-drying facilities cannot meet the requirements of peanuts drying in China. A barrel-shaped fixed bed drying, a kind of economical and practical dry method, which can be effectively suitable for the specific conditions in Chinese rural production. However, there are few reported on the parameters of structure and ventilation associated with the barrel-shaped fixed bed. In order to obtain the drying mechanism and operating performance, a set of partial differential equation models were proposed for peanut drying in the barrel-shaped fixed bed, indicating the heat- and mass transfer relationships between peanut pods and medium air during the processing of mechanical drying. Then, a fully discretized physical model was established for the computer simulation. This model could also be used to calculate the moisture content and temperature of the peanut material layers, as well as the humidity and temperature of air medium in the real-time state during the peanut drying, specifically including the time consumption, unevenness distribution, productivity and energy consumption in the per unit mass during operation simulation for each running of peanut drying. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Between test- and simulation values, the correlation coefficients of the average moisture content for the outer, middle and inner of peanut material layers were 0.997, 0.995 and 0.998, respectively, whereas the correlation coefficients of the temperature for the outer, middle and inner of peanut material layers were 0.995, 0.979 and 0.991, respectively. The changing mechanism was therefore established to analyze the moisture and temperature distribution on the peanut-pods bed during drying process. The ventilation volumes per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface, external diameter and inner diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed were also analyzed according the previous four drying indexes(drying time consumption, productivity, energy consumption per unit mass, drying unevenness). The calculated results showed that the starting time of drying and drying rate of the inner materials layers were lagged due to the decrease in the temperature of air medium, while the increase in the relative humidity, compared with the outer layers in the peanut drying. However, the drying delay of the inner materials was well relieved as the increase of the ventilation volume per unit area along the ventilating direction, whereas the drying evenness of the barrel-shaped fixed bed decreased significantly as the increase of the ventilation volume per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface, but the productivity and the energy consumption per unit mass increased significantly. The productivity of peanuts would be increased, while the energy consumption per unit mass of the batch drying would be reduced as the increase in the external diameter or decrease in the inner diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed, but the distribution of the peanut moisture contents after drying operation was still remained unclear during this time. Therefore, the uniform design simulation test and synthetical weighted mark method were used to obtain the optimal structure- and ventilation parameters. The simulated results demonstrated that the optimal drying condition was achieved, where the external diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed was 2.75m, the internal diameter was 0.935m, and the ventilation volume per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface was 0.36 m³/(m²s). At this time, the drying time consumption was 39.2 h, the productivity was 86.55 kg/h, the energy consumption per unit mass was 5.87&times; 10⁶ J/kg, and the drying unevenness was 1.54%. These findings can therefore provide systematically technical support to the design and optimization of the barrel-shaped fixed bed for peanuts drying.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Heat transfer performance - Mass transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Oilseeds - Productivity - Structural design - Structural optimization - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Correlation coefficient - Fixed box - Humidity and temperatures - Partial differential equation models - Peanut - Simulation - Simulation and analysis
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 643.5  Ventilation - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.40e-02kg/s, Percentage 1.54e+00%, Size 2.75e+00m, Size 9.35e-01m, Time 1.41e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20200908248833
Title:Effects of acid treatment conditions on pyrolysis characteristics of corn stovers
Title of translation:&#26377;&#26426;&#37240;&#22788;&#29702;&#26465;&#20214;&#23545;&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#28909;&#35299;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhou, Zhen (1); Xiang, Ruilong (1); Tian, Hong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science &amp; Technology, Changsha; 410114, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Hong(tianh1103@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:266-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass pyrolysis is an important way for converting biomass to high-value products. It is significant to improve the quality of biomass pyrolysis products through pretreatment. Acid washing is one of the key technologies to effectively remove alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) from biomass. In this paper, acetic acid was used as the washing solution, K⁺ was used as research objects, and pyrolysis experiments of corn straw were carried out by thermogravimetric and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The study of the effects of different acid washing concentration (3%, 5%, 7%), acid washing temperature (25, 50, 75&#8451;)and acid washing time (1, 2, 3 h) on the pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw were conducted. The results showed that the K⁺ can be effectively removed by acid washing, and as the acid washing concentration, acid washing temperature and acid washing time increase, the removal efficiency is higher, at the acid washing time is three hours, the K⁺ content reaches a minimum of 39.49 mg/kg. The TG and DTG curves of pretreated corn straw moved to a high temperature range, and the peaks caused by the degradation of hemicellulose in the DTG curve of pretreated corn straw reduced. Meanwhile, the maximum pyrolysis weight loss rate increases in parallel with the increase of washing concentration and washing temperature, but the trend of increase goes first and then it decreases with the growing of washing time, finally it reaches a maximum value of 15.49 %/min when the acid washing temperature was 75&#8451;. At the same times, the pyrolysis kinetics results show that, after acid washing under different conditions, the pyrolysis activation energy and frequency factor of the samples were increased compared with the original sample. With the increase of acid washing concentration and temperature, the sample pyrolysis activation energy and frequency factor gradually increased, but too long acid washing time had a negative effect on the sample activation energy and frequency factor. What is more, the main products of pyrolysis of corn straw were phenols, ketones and furan compounds. After corn straw was pretreated by acid washing, the yield of phenol substances increased significantly and gradually increased with the increase of acid washing concentration. When acid washing concentration was 7%, the maximum yield reached 16.75%. However, the yields of ketones and furan compounds decreases, and gradually decreased with the increase of acid washing concentration, reaching the minimum values of 0.10% and 7.13% at an acid washing time of one hour and an acid washing concentration of 7%, respectively. For the carbon yield, when the temperature is lower than 361&#8451;,the yield of acid-washed carbon is higher than the original samples. When the temperature is higher than 361&#8451;,the yield of the acid-washed carbon is decreased, and reached the minimum value when the acid washing time is two hours, but increasing the acid washing time had little effect on the yield of carbon. To study the effects of different treatment conditions of organic acid on the pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw is useful to find a good way for the selection of acid solution in biomass pretreatment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Washing
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Acids - Activation energy - Biomass - Carbon - Gas chromatography - Ketones - Organic pollutants - pH - Phenols  - Pyrolysis - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Acetic acid concentration - Acid washing - Biomass pre treatments - High temperature range - Pyrolysis characteristics - Pyrolysis experiments - Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry - Removal efficiencies
Classification code:801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 7.13e+00%, Time 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20200908248862
Title:Feasibility comparison and optimization on a loop-heat-pipe type PV/T heat pump water heating system in different climatic regions
Title of translation:&#20809;&#20239;-&#29615;&#36335;&#28909;&#31649;/&#28909;&#27893;&#28909;&#27700;&#31995;&#32479;&#22312;&#19981;&#21516;&#27668;&#20505;&#21306;&#24615;&#33021;&#23545;&#27604;&#19982;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Li, Hong (1); Wang, Meifang (1); Zhang, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:252-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, energy performance of a loop-heat-pipe (LHP) type solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) heat pump water heating system is studied to evaluate its feasibility in three different climatic regions. A mathematic model of this system in our former study is built and validated using outdoor test data. On the basis of this model, influences of main structural design parameters including the installation angle and the orientation of the PV/T collector/evaporator are discussed and main parameters are optimized to further improve system operation performance. Based on optimal design parameters, economic feasibility of the proposed system under different weather conditions is analyzed using the life cycle cost (LCC) method. The system is integrated with solar PV/T, loop heat pipe and solar assisted air source heat pump technologies. This combined approach is benefit for improving solar energy comprehensive application efficiency of conventional solar PV/T systems. Moreover, it enlarges the application region of traditional air source heat pump water heating systems. Depending on different solar radiation conditions, this system can operate in different modes including solar photovoltaic LHP mode, solar assisted air source heat pump mode and the only air source heat pump mode. In this study, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were selected as typical representative cities in cold area, hot summer and cold winter area, hot summer and warm winter area. Typical meteorological year (TMY) data of three cities were extracted from TRNSYS. Based on TMY data, annual operation performance of the proposed system is calculated through the validated dynamic mathematic model. Firstly, PV/T collector/evaporators of three systems are all fixed in the south direction and the same installation angle (35&deg;) was chosen. In this case, annual net power consumptions and solar heating fractions of three systems are calculated and compared. Then installation angles and orientations are optimized to ensure maximum solar energy application. The investigation results show that, among three cities, the solar heating fraction in Guangzhou is the largest. And the least electricity is consumed in Guangzhou, which is decreased by 43.9% and 44.7% respectively compared with those in Beijing and Shanghai. The comprehensive photothermal efficiency in Guangzhou is 8.19%, 5.58% higher than those in Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, from the view of solar energy comprehensive efficient utilization, the application of the system is most proposed in Guangzhou, and then followed by Shanghai and Beijing. Considering impacts of installation angles and orientations, the ideal installation inclination of the system in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are 35&deg;, 25&deg;, and 35&deg;, and the optimal installation directions of Beijing and Shanghai are facing the south, while that of Guangzhou is 30&deg;east to the south. With the optimal parameters, it is found that solar heating fractions in Beijing and Guangzhou (i.e. 57.42% and 58.45%) are slightly higher than that in Shanghai. It is concluded that influences of two structural parameters are different for such system in different climatic areas. To ensure maximal solar energy application, it was necessary to optimize these two parameters. For the life cycle cost analysis, a traditional air source heat pump hot water heating system is chosen as the base system. The analysis results indicate that the initial investment of the system increases significantly, which is 2.5 times of that of the base system. However, the annual power consumption of the system is about half of that of the traditional system. Besides, solar power supply fractions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are 53%, 51% and 66% respectively. As a result, the total operation and maintenance fees in the life cycle drop significantly, which are reduced by 67.86%, 59.00%, and 62.21% in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The life cycle cost is correspondingly reduced by 58.75%, 49.83% and 53.09% in three cities. In conclusion, the application of this system is feasible for considered weather conditions in terms of both the operating performance and economic benefits.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air source heat pumps
Controlled terms:Cost benefit analysis - Costs - Economics - Efficiency - Electric power systems - Electric power utilization - Heat pipes - Heating equipment - Hot water distribution systems - Hot water heating  - Installation - Investments - Life cycle - Meteorology - Pumps - Solar collectors - Solar concentrators - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar power generation  - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Heat pumps - Hot summer and cold winters - Operation and maintenance - Operation performance - Optimal design parameters - Structural design parameters - Typical meteorological year
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 615.2  Solar Power - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 643.1  Space Heating - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1  Production Engineering - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.39e+01%, Percentage 4.47e+01%, Percentage 4.98e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+01%, Percentage 5.58e+00%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 5.85e+01%, Percentage 5.88e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 6.22e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 6.79e+01%, Percentage 8.19e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20200908248959
Title:Effects of rinsing and mashing on physical and chemical properties of myosin in sea bass
Title of translation:&#28418;&#27927;&#21644;&#26025;&#25292;&#23545;&#28023;&#40072;&#40060;&#32908;&#29699;&#34507;&#30333;&#29702;&#21270;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Lin, Wanling (1, 2); Liu, Fangfang (1, 3); Li, Laihao (1); Wu, Yanyan (1); Yang, Shaoling (1); Huang, Hui (1); Yang, Xianqing (1); Lin, Zhi (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou; 510300, China; (2) School of Life Sciences and Food Technology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou; 521041, China; (3) College of Food Sciences &amp; Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (4) Guangdong Shun Xin Ocean Fishery Group Co., Ltd., Yangjiang; 529800, China
Corresponding author:Li, Laihao(laihaoli@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The physicochemical properties, such as total sulfhydryl (T-SH) group, active sulfhydryl (R-SH) group, surface hydrophobicity and turbidity, were determined for the myosin that extracted separately from the raw materials, rinsed- and simmer surimi in sea bass, while the secondary structure and surface morphology of the myosin were analyzed using the combined techniques including the infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results showed that the content of total sulfhydryl (T-SH) groups in the myosin of the rinsed surimi decreased by 19.5% from 8.51 to 6.85 mol/10⁵ g, whereas the active sulfhydryl group increased by 63.9% from 1.39 to 3.86 mol/10⁵ g, compared with the raw materials. The content of total sulfhydryl (T-SH) and active sulfhydryl (R-SH) groups in the myosin of the simmer surimi decreased to 5.3 and 1.28 mol/10⁵ g compared with the raw materials, indicating decrease by 22.6% and 66.8%, respectively. The ratio of the active sulfhydryl (R-SH) to the total sulfhydryl (T-SH) group in the myosin of the rinsed surimi is the largest than others, inferring that the myosin of the rinsed surimi can be the most deformed in this case. The turbidity and surface hydrophobicity, the indictor for the aggregation and degree of denaturation in proteins, in the myosin of the surimi increased after the treatment of rinsing and simmering. Specifically, the turbidity of the myosin in the surimi increased by 12.5% after rinsing and 22.2% after simmering, compared with raw materials, whereas the surface hydrophobicity increased by 47.9% after rinsing and 5% after simmering. The data reveal that the treatment of the rinsing and simmering can significantly affect the denaturation and aggregation of proteins in the varying level. The rinsing has a greater influence on the surface hydrophobicity, while the mixing effect has a greater influence on the turbidity. The simmering can cause the slight aggregation of the myosin to form a sort of microgel. There was a much more obvious effect of the rinsing on the secondary structure of the myosin. In Fourier transform of the infrared spectroscopy the &alpha;-helix relative content of the myosin that extracted can decreased by 33.16%, while the random curl relative content increased by 79.42%, &beta;-fold and &beta;-turn increased by 1.11% and 10.38%, respectively, after the rinsing of raw materials in the sea bream. After rinsing, the change rate of the secondary structure in the surimi myosin was smaller, and the &alpha;-helix and random curl content decreased by 1.16% and 7.95%, &beta;-fold and &beta;-turn increased by 4.16% and 1.92%, respectively. Generally, the decrease in the &alpha;-helix content can be conducive to the aggregation of proteins, and the increase in &beta;-sheet and &beta;-turn can be beneficial to the formation of the good gel structure. The characterized results from atomic force microscopy (FAM) showed that the myelin myosin exhibited a sort of protein bundle under the natural conditions, and the distribution of the protein bundle in the suspension was uniform without obvious granularity. Both treatment of the rinsing and simmering can change the surface morphology of the myosin in the sea bass, indicating reduce significantly the aggregation clusters of the myosin, while increase the height of the aggregates in the myosin suspension from 14 nm to 25 nm. After mixing, the height of the myosin aggregates did not change significantly. These findings demonstrate that the treatment of the rinsing and simmering have a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the myosin in rinsed and simmer surimi of the sea bass, as well as a certain effect on the degeneration and aggregation of the myosin suspension. This study can be expected to provide potential reference for the future development on the formation mechanism of surimi gel in food industry.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Extraction - Fish - Hydrophobicity - Infrared spectroscopy - Mixing - Monitoring - Morphology - Physicochemical properties - Surface morphology  - Turbidity
Uncontrolled terms:Combined techniques - Formation mechanism - Myosin - Natural conditions - Physical and chemical properties - Secondary structures - Sulfhydryl groups - Surface hydrophobicity
Classification code:406  Highway Engineering - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+00%, Percentage 1.16e+00%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+00%, Percentage 1.95e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.26e+01%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+00%, Percentage 4.79e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 7.94e+01%, Percentage 7.95e+00%, Size 1.40e-08m to 2.50e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20200908248858
Title:Design and experiment of portable thermoelectric power generation system in greenhouse
Title of translation:&#28201;&#23460;&#20415;&#25658;&#24335;&#28201;&#24046;&#21457;&#30005;&#31995;&#32479;&#30340;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Wang, Lijiao (1); Qiao, Shuaixiang (1); Xu, Yanlin (1); Jia, Hongdan (1); Xie, Xinze (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Greenhouses in remote areas have difficulty to access power. This paper aims to resolve this problem with a new system that can supply electricity to low-power devices such as energy-saving lamps, temperature and humidity monitoring system, digital equipment and other electrical equipment in greenhouses in remote areas. Current power supply to greenhouses uses distributed energy sources from wind and solar, which are not portable and susceptible to environmental changes. Under certain circumstances, power supplied from these systems is insufficient or even fails. As such, there is an increase in developing portable power generation systems. For example, in China, portable multi-purpose photovoltaic power generation system had been developed for agricultural production using remote-control system (programmable logic controller, PLC) to monitor pumping stations. There was also portable multi-power source power generation system to compliment wind power, solar energy and hand-cranked energy generation. Devices to generate power using the difference in temperature between human body and ambient environment exist, which are powerful enough to power LED lights. Another portable device is to generate thermal energy by burning combustibles in the field. All these portable devices have their pros and cons and the purpose of this paper is to present a new portable thermoelectric power generation system. The size of the system was 20 cm &times; 20 cm &times; 5 cm weighted 2580 grams, and its energy sources was from combusting biomass. A flat heat pipe was used for thermal conduction. We simulated performance of the system using the ANSYS, and set an experimental platform to test it. The experimental data showed that the highest temperature at the hot end of the system was 270.1&#8451;, the maximum power output was 10.7 W, and the electrical efficiency was 5.73%. The results also revealed that the system had advantages of high hot-end temperature and high thermoelectric efficiency. It can generate electricity under extreme conditions in remote areas. Numerical and experimental analysis of various inputs and outputs indicated that the system is portable, the hot end temperature is high, and the thermoelectric efficiency is high. It provides a baseline for study of portable power generation system.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Thermoelectric power
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Controllers - Digital devices - Electric power systems - Energy conservation - Greenhouses - Heat pipes - Man machine systems - Mobile power plants - Photovoltaic cells  - Portable equipment - Power generation - Remote control - Solar energy - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:Distributed energy sources - Heat conversions - Numerical and experimental analysis - Photovoltaic power generation systems - Portable - Portable power generation systems - Temperature and humidities - Temperature differences
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 615.8  Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 731.1  Control Systems - 732.1  Control Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.58e+00kg, Percentage 5.73e+00%, Power 1.07e+01W, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20200908248879
Title:Atmospheric correction method of GF-1 data based on Landsat8 product algorithm flow
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;Landsat8&#20135;&#21697;&#31639;&#27861;&#27969;&#31243;&#30340;&#39640;&#20998;&#19968;&#21495;&#25968;&#25454;&#22823;&#27668;&#26657;&#27491;
Authors:Zhang, Xiaoyue (1, 2, 3); Li, Linlin (2, 3); Wang, Ying (2, 3); Zhang, Qi (2, 3); Li, Guochun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang; 110166, China; (2) Liaoning Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center, Shenyang; 110166, China; (3) Liaoning Data and Application Center for High-resolution Earth Observation System, Shenyang; 110166, China; (4) College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:GF-1 satellite has the characteristics of high spatial resolution and short revisiting period, serving as the first satellite of the High-resolution Earth Observation System for National Science and Technology Major Project in China. The satellite carries two multi-spectral high-resolution cameras (panchromatic multispectral sensor, PMS) and four multi-spectral medium-resolution camera (wide field of view, WFV). GF-1 captured data play an important role in the identification of the underlying surface, and these data can be obtained free of charge from the website of the China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application. An important step for the application of GF-1 satellite data can be the interference removal of atmospheric molecules, aerosols, ozone, water vapor. The spectral response curves from Landsat8 (LC8) operational land imager(OLI) and GF-1 MSS/WFV were then analyzed in the visible and near the infrared bands. The results showed that the spectral range of LC8 OLI in the red- and near the infrared bands was relatively narrower than that of GF-1 MSS/WFV, whereas the spectral response function in the blue- and green bands was slightly different from that of GF-1 MSS/WFV, indicating that it is feasible to transplant LaSRC correction process to GF-1 MSS/WFV data. Since GF-1 satellite lacks the short-wave infrared band compared with LC8, the algorithm was modified to adapt to the characteristics of GF-1 channels. The atmospheric correction project was designed for the GF-1 satellite MSS/WFV data, including the algorithm analysis and code implement based on 6S atmospheric radiation simulation model and C++ programming language. Some parameters were used to estimate initial aerosol, including total atmospheric transmission, gaseous transmission, atmosphere spherical albedo and actual values of digital elevation model, atmospheric precipitation, ozone content. The loop calculation of the aerosol optical thickness(AOT) was carried out until the ratio between the red- and blue bands of GF-1 MSS/WFV data equal to the prescribed ratio of MODIS, according to the relationship between the blue- and the red surface reflectance known from MODIS. The results can be obtained the surface reflectance with the minimum residual error during different &Aring;ngstr&ouml;m coefficients, and retrieved the aerosols in the pixel level of GF-1 MSS/WFV data. The pixel aerosol and these parameters were then substituted into 6S model to calculate the surface reflectance. Since the project was equipped a data file containing the atmospheric precipitation and ozone content at the current day, the surface reflectance could be obtained when only inputting GF-1 MSS/PMS data. Because the data of atmospheric influence gases, such as ozone and water vapor, on the same day of the data to be corrected were sometimes difficult to identify, two schemes can be provided, one is to use the data at that time, the other is to use the daily values of ozone and water vapor in past six years instead. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on the atmospheric correction in the middle and low latitudes that covered by vegetation, such as farmland and trees, but not good effect on that of the bare land and building surface that covered by sparse vegetation. Based on 6S model and LaSRC correction process, the correlation coefficient of the atmospheric correction between GF-1 MSS/WFV and LC8 OLI was from 0.825 to 0.972, indicating a high correlation of atmospheric correction results for two satellites. WFV similar spatial resolution to that of LC8 OLI was in good agreement with that of LC8 OLI atmospheric correction compared with that of MSS. The results show that it is convenient and operable for the GF-1 satellite data atmospheric correction method using the self-estimation aerosol parameters in the pixel level based on 6S model and LaSRC process. This promising atmospheric method can be very suitable for the land surface application, such as agricultural and forestry monitoring in growing season. At present, this method has been successfully implemented on Remote Sensing data processing platform Remote Sensing Desktop (RSD) in China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Atmospheric aerosols
Controlled terms:Atmospheric radiation - C++ (programming language) - Cameras - Computer simulation languages - Computer software - Data handling - Electromagnetic wave attenuation - Image resolution - Infrared radiation - Ozone  - Pixels - Radiometers - Reflection - Remote sensing - Satellites - Transmissions - Vegetation - Water vapor
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric corrections - Atmospheric precipitation - Atmospheric transmissions - Earth observation systems - GF-1 WFV/MSS - Landsat8 OLI - LaSRC - Spectral response functions
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 655.2  Satellites - 711  Electromagnetic Waves - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1  Light/Optics - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20200908248884
Title:Effects of lignin species and catalyst addition on pyrolysis products
Title of translation:&#26408;&#36136;&#32032;&#31181;&#31867;&#21644;&#20652;&#21270;&#21058;&#28155;&#21152;&#37327;&#23545;&#28909;&#35299;&#20135;&#29289;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Ma, Zhongqing (1); Wang, Junhao (1); Huang, Ming (1); Cai, Wei (1); Xu, Jialong (1); Yang, Youyou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) School of Humanities and Law, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:274-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), are value-added aromatic platform chemicals that have been widely used in the synthetic resin, rubber, dye, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Owing to the natural aromatic structure, lignin has a great potential to serve as starting material for the production of BTX by catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process. In this work, four types of lignin isolated from palm kernel shell with different severities, namely milled wood lignin (MWL), alkali lignin (AL), Klason lignin (KL), and organosolv ethanol lignin (OEL) were used in lignin CFP process. First, the characteristics of zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 25) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), automatic specific surface area and pore size distribution analyzer (BET) and automatic chemical adsorption instrument (NH<inf>3</inf>-TPD), etc. Then, the effects of lignin types and lignin/catalyst ratios (1:1,1:2,1:3, and 1:5) on the product distribution during lignin catalytic fast pyrolysis process were investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) and pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). Results were showed as followed: 1) Based on the structural characterization analysis of the catalyst, the crystal form of HZSM-5 was dense hexagonal crystal structure. The dominant pore size distribution in HZSM-5 was microporous, and the content of weak acid in HZSM-5 was higher than strong acid. 2) Based on the ultimate analysis of four types of lignin, MWL has the highest content of C and H elements (62.96 % and 7.24 % respectively)and highest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio of 0.67, while AL had lowest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio of 0.29 and highest O content of 44.25%, indicating that AL contains more oxygen-containing functional groups and &beta;-O-4 linkages. 3) Based on the TGA-FTIR analysis, due to the larger weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity coefficient (PDI), MWL had widest temperature range of weight loss and maximum number of weight loss peaks. But the AL residual carbon rate is the lowest, indicating that AL has the worst thermal stability and the volatiles in the AL are more converted into pyrolysis gases and liquid products. Among the four types of lignin, the release amount of small molecular weight components (H<inf>2</inf>O, CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and CO) showed an increase tendency with the increase of lignin/catalyst ratio. 4) Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the bio-oil of lignin CFP was mainly composed of S-typed phenols, G-typed phenols, P-typed phenols, C-typed phenols, and aromatics. With the increase of lignin/catalyst ratio, the content of total phenols was gradually decreased, and it was converted into aromatics by a series of deoxygenation reactions, such as the decarboxylation reaction, the decarbonylation reaction, and the breakage of ether bond. Among the four types of lignin, the highest value of effective hydrogen-carbon ratio was obtained in MWL (0.69), which made MWL a more favorable starting material for the production of BTX. MWL had the highest content of aromatics during CFP process because of its highest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio. The contents of benzene, xylene, and toluene of MWL CFP process reached their maximum values of 4.51&times;10⁷, 1.26&times;10⁸, and 8.58&times;10⁷, when the lignin/catalyst ratios were 1:5,1:3, and 1:3, respectively. The results of this work could provide basic data for the production of high value-added chemicals (BTX) from lignin by CFP.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Wood
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aromatization - Benzene - Carbon - Carboxylation - Catalysts - Chromatographic analysis - Crystal structure - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gas chromatography  - Lignin - Molecular weight - Phenols - Polydispersity - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Size distribution - Synthetic resins - Synthetic rubber - Toluene  - Xylene - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Benzene , toluene , and xylenes - Fast pyrolysis - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry - Hexagonal crystal structure - Oxygen-containing functional groups - Structural characterization - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Weight-average molecular weight
Classification code:801  Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 811.2  Wood and Wood Products - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815  Polymers and Polymer Science - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 818.2.1  Synthetic Rubber - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933.1.1  Crystal Lattice - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20200908248952
Title:Effects of land restoration years on physical properties of rocky desertified soil in trough valley of the southeast China karst region
Title of translation:&#36864;&#32789;&#36824;&#26519;&#24674;&#22797;&#24180;&#38480;&#23545;&#23721;&#28342;&#27133;&#35895;&#21306;&#30707;&#28448;&#21270;&#22303;&#22756;&#29289;&#29702;&#24615;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Li, Jianming (1, 2, 4, 5); Wang, Zhigang (1, 2); Wang, Aijuan (3); Wang, Jiale (1, 2); Wang, Ke (1, 2); Liu, Chenxi (1, 2); Cui, Hao (1, 2); Zhang, Pingcang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) Research Center on Mountain Torrent &amp; Geologic, Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan; 430010, China; (3) Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100055, China; (4) Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhigang(371381624@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Severe deforestation has caused the water loss, soil erosion (including underground leakage), and rocky desertification in the trough valleys of the southeast China Karst region, limiting local social and economic developments. Land restoration projects, such as the Grain for Green project initiated in 1999 in China, become important to improve the local ecological environment and restore vegetation. In order to evaluate the soil quality that improved by land restoration, it is necessary to examine some physical properties of the soils (such as bulk density, compactness, porosity and water content) after the periods of restoration. Here, 38 sampling sites were selected in the range of 0-10&deg; on the bedding slopes based on the remote-sensing image analysis, field investigation, and in-home personal interviews at the trough valley. The soil with thin layers on these slopes become venerable to erosion in this case. These sampling sites were divided into seven groups according to the years after the land restoration (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 45-50 a). In each sampling site, a examining pit with the depth of 30cm was dug to establish a soil profile align to the cross-section of the soil layers during the examination test. According to the depth range of the soil layer, each soil profile was divided into two layers, 0-15 and 15-30 cm. In these two layers, the compactness of soils was measured by a compaction meter before soil sampling. Soil samples were then collected from both layers by sampling rings in order to measure some physical properties of soils, such as the bulk density, porosity and water content, after field investigations. Vegetation and landforms around the sampling sites were also noted during the samples collection. This study also proposed a feasible mechanism of land restoration to promote the local environment of sampling sites in the through valley of this Karst region. Three main findings can be made from these examined results. 1) Physical properties, especially in the shallow layer of soils, were still deteriorated from the start of land restoration to the period of 15-20 a. The water contents and porosities of the soils in the shallow layer were reduced by 12.28%-14.75% and 8.79%-11.14%, respectively, whereas the bulk densities and compactness were increased by 10.06%-13.82% and 54.09%-58.43%, respectively. 2) In the period of 20-50 a, the water content and porosity of soils in the shallow layer reached 40.65% to 60.38%, respectively, indicating an increase by 24.11% to 9.06% compared with those in the period of 0-5a. In the period of 45-50 a, the bulk density and compactness of soils were 0.93 g/cm³ and 7.57 kg/cm², indicating much higher soil quality of the ecological system than that of other short periods after land restoration. The low-growing plants, such as grasses and shrubs, were dominant in the period of 0-20 a after land restoration, as well as there was no litter biomass layer on the ground surface of the soil. But in the long run, the planting species then gradually changed to an arbor-shrub-grass type. Arboreal plants flourished and the litter biomass layer appeared in the period of 40-50 a, indicating an obvious improvement of the water-retaining capacity and fertility of the soils. 3) As the soil layers in the Karst region were quite thin, there was no transition interlayer. A new methodological concept, "roasted effect", was therefore proposed in this study based on the traits of the quite thin soil layers, and it agrees with the transformation pattern of vegetation species from the shrub-grass to the arbor-shrub-grass type that occurred in the restoration period of 15-20 a. This study also demonstrates the combined effects of the ecological restoration on the dynamics mechanism of physical properties in the soil layers, particularly emphasis on the significance of the arboreal plant breeding in the entire restoration process. These findings can provide a potential theoretical guideline for further application of the ecological restoration at Karst regions in the southeast of China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Deforestation - Ecology - Erosion - Image reconstruction - Landforms - Porosity - Quality control - Remote sensing - Restoration - Soil testing  - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamics mechanisms - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Grain for green projects - Karst regions - Remote sensing images - Restoration project - Transformation patterns
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 9.30e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.01e+01% to 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.23e+01% to 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01% to 9.06e+00%, Percentage 4.06e+01% to 6.04e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+01% to 5.84e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+00% to 1.11e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Surface_Density 7.57e+04kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20200908248820
Title:Experiment and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device
Title of translation:&#20223;&#29983;&#27880;&#28082;&#27779;&#22303;&#35013;&#32622;&#24037;&#20316;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#20248;&#21270;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Zhang, Dongguang (1, 2); Zuo, Guobiao (3); Tong, Jin (4); Zhang, Zhihong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan; 030031, China; (3) Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (4) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhihong(zzh_0822@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, subsoiling has been proposed as an alternative means of applying fertilizer into infertile subsoils. It was believed that root growth in the subsoiled channels would be stimulated in this way, and yields would be further increased as a result of the deep-placed fertilizer and better growing conditions. Filed test results from different cultivation areas increasingly have showed that subsoil fertilization resulted in increased crop yields when compared with subsoiling alone. However, two of the disadvantages associated with sub-soil liquid fertilizer application system is the severe soil adhesion phenomenon and high draft requirement, which seriously deteriorate operating quality and restrict its field application. To optimize sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, mitigate the problems mentioned above and then extend sub-soil liquid fertilizer application, the technical approach of bionic engineering was adopted. From the perspective of natural environment, the interactions of living organisms with natural surroundings have led to the evolution of biological systems and environmental adaptabilities. Earthworms have long been acknowledged to largely contribute to the aggregate stability of soils varying in texture, carbonate, and concentration of organic matter by burrowing, foraging, and casting on the soil surface and within the soil. Earthworms can readily move in moist or adhesive soil with soil particles seldom adhering to bodies. From the perspective of bionic engineering, the excellent properties of earthworm could be used to inspire the design and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. One of the mechanisms of reducing soil adhesion for earthworms was that earthworms possess special geometrical structure on their heads and epidermis. The profile curves of earthworm head and body surface were extracted and fitted. Geometric structure surface of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device was designed based on the contour curve equations, and the structural parameters were determined. In order to explore the influence of working parameters on working resistance and soil adhesion during the operation of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, and to optimize its operating parameters. Eventually, in the hope of ensuring and improving the working quality of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. In this study, the Box-Behnken experimental optimum design methods were used. The working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed were chosen as independent variable, to evaluate the effects on response values of drag-reducing and anti-soil adhesion. By building an agricultural soil tank test platform system, the field operating environment were simulated. Then, optimization tests of working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were conducted. After that, the multivariate quadratic polynomial regression equations were built. According to the relationship between the independent variable and the response value, the working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were optimized. The results showed that the regression equation model based on soil adhesion and working resistance was adequate. It was found that the working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion significantly. Tillage depth and speed presented interaction effects, which influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion with high significance. The significant influences of the experimental factors for drag resistance and soil adhesion were as follows: the tillage depth, speed and flow rate. The working parameters were optimized as follows: the tillage depth was 11 cm, speed was 1.0 m/s, flow rate was 350 g/s. Under the above conditions, the mean value of the drag resistance of the selected bionic prototype was 260.01 N, the mean weight of soil adhesion was 8.73 g. This study can provide technical references for the mechanization of sub-soil fertilizing engineering.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Adhesives - Biology - Bionics - Cultivation - Design - Drag reduction - Fertilizers - Flow rate - Geometry  - Liquids - Machinery - Optimization - Polynomial regression - Soil testing - Speed - Structural design - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Earthworm - Environmental adaptability - Geometrical structure - Liquid fertilizers - Multivariate quadratics - Operating environment - Structured surfaces
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 461.9  Biology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631  Fluid Flow - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.60e+02N, Mass 8.73e-03kg, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.50e-01kg/s, Size 1.10e-01m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20200908248905
Title:Electrical properties of wheat bran structural layer powder
Title of translation:&#40614;&#40632;&#32467;&#26500;&#23618;&#31881;&#20307;&#30340;&#30005;&#29305;&#24615;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Chen, Zhongwei (1, 2); Xia, Qing (1); Huang, Qingqing (1); Sun, Jun (1); Xu, Bin (1); Jiang, Song (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:303-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat bran is a good source for processing whole wheat food. Due to the nutrition enrichment of aleurone in wheat bran tissues, separating wheat aleurone from wheat bran could increase its potential value. Electrostatic separation (ES) is a new dry separation technology with high efficiency, low energy consumption and few waste water, based on electrical properties of materials, including corona charging, tribo-charging and dielectrophoresis. However, few studies were conducted on the dielectricity, resistivity and corona charging property of the powders from different wheat bran tissues, which are important for ES. Moreover, the influence of water content and particle size on corona charging properties of bran particles is not clear yet. To clarify the electrical properties of wheat bran tissues and the potential of ES on separating cereal bio-material, the dielectric, conductivity and corona charging properties of wheat bran powders were investigated by using bran particles with different composition, particle sizes and water content as the starting material. The results showed that, both the dielectric constant of aleurone-rich and outer-rich pericarp particles decreased with the frequency increased. When the frequency was up to 20 MHz, the dielectric constant of aleurone and outer pericarp-rich fractions finally tended to be similar. When the frequency was 300 kHz, the dielectric constant of outer pericarp-rich fractions was similar to air, while the largest difference between the relative permittivity of aleurone-rich and outer pericarp-rich particles appeared at 1.3 MHz with a ratio of 5.3. The results of resistance analysis suggested that, wheat bran powder was a good insulation material. The resistivity of aleurone-rich powder was about 2 300 M&Omega;/cm, which was five times more than that of outer pericarp-rich fraction at the same condition. The result of corona charging property indicated that, as the voltage increased, the charge amount obtained by wheat bran powders increased gradually, among which, the charge amount obtained by aleurone-rich particleswas about 1.7 times more than that of outer pericarp-rich fraction. Moreover, the charge amount obtained by wheat bran particles decreased with the increasing of water content in wheat bran, while the charge amount increased with the decreasing of the particle size of wheat bran. In brief, the electrical properties of wheat bran tissues, including aleurone and outer pericarp, were significantly different. The dielectric and conductivity of aleurone-rich particles are greater than that of outer pericarp, and the charges obtained by wheat bran particles after corona charging were greater than that of outer pericarp particles. Thus, wheat bran tissues, i.e., aleurone and outer pericarp can obtain different charge amount by tribo-charging and corona charging, then can be separated and enriched in electric field. The bran tissues can be separated by using dielectrophoresis and corona charging in theory, but some pretreatments on the particle size, water content and delivery process need to be done, to avoid adhesion and gathering between the bran particles, and finally the bran tissues can be separation and enriched efficiently by ES.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Particle size analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Electric conductivity - Electric corona - Electric fields - Electrophoresis - Electrostatic separators - Energy utilization - Histology - Particle size - Powders  - Separation - Tissue
Uncontrolled terms:Corona charging - Dielectricity - Electrostatic Separation - Insulation materials - Low energy consumption - Relative permittivity - Resistance analysis - Wheat bran
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.30e+06Hz, Frequency 2.00e+07Hz, Frequency 3.00e+05Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20200908248883
Title:Influence of middle pier lengths on hydraulic characteristic of outlet conduit in pump system with slanted extension shaft
Title of translation:&#20013;&#38548;&#22697;&#38271;&#24230;&#23545;&#26012;&#24335;&#36724;&#20280;&#27893;&#35013;&#32622;&#20986;&#27700;&#27969;&#36947;&#27700;&#21147;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Xu, Lei (1); Xia, Bin (1); Shi, Wei (2); Liu, Jun (2); Yan, Shikai (1); Lu, Linguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) The Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project Jiangsu Water Source Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 210019, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pump system with slanted extension shaft is one of the main pump systems in large low head pump station. In order to improve the flow pattern in the slanted outlet conduit and increase hydraulic performance of pump system, the three dimension turbulent flow field was calculated for the pump system with 20&deg; shaft extension in a large low head pump station based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and standard k-&Epsilon; turbulent model. By the method of numerical simulation, flow fields in outlet conduits were analyzed and compared for 4 kinds of calculation schemes which were straight outlet conduit without rotation, S-shaped curve outlet conduit without rotation, straight outlet conduit with rotation and S-shaped curve outlet conduit with rotation. Based on the analyses, the cause of serious bias flow in the slanted outlet conduit was analyzed. According to the influence of length of middle pier on the bias coefficient and hydraulic loss of the slanted outlet conduit, the method of solving the bias flow problem was put forward, and the fittest middle pier length was chosen, and the hydraulic performance of the pump system was tested. The research results showed that there was serious bias flow in slanted outlet conduit when the length of middle pier was 14 m. Looking from the direction of downstream flow, the main flow was obviously skewed to the left side of the slanted outlet conduit, while a large range of vortex area appeared in the lower right part of the outlet conduit, and the discharge of the left hole was obviously than that of the right hole. There was no bias flow in the straight and the S-shaped curved outlet conduits when the flow at the conduit inlet with no rotation. There was no bias flow in the straight outlet conduit while there was obviously bias flow in the S-shaped curved outlet conduit when the flow at the conduit inlet with rotation. Therefore, the flow with larger residual circumferential velocity component at the guide vane outlet enters into the S-shaped curved outlet conduit in a spiral shape was the cause of serious bias flow in the slanted outlet conduit. The results also showed that the middle pier length had a significant influence on bias coefficient and hydraulic loss of the slanted outlet conduit. When the middle pier length was 14 m, the conduit bias coefficient and hydraulic loss were large. Along with the middle pier length increased, the conduit hydraulic loss decreased firstly and then increased, the conduit bias coefficient decreased gradually. When the middle pier length was 23.35 m, the conduit bias coefficient was smaller than 1, the discharge of right side was bigger than that of left side in the outlet conduit, the main flow was skewed to the right hole. The discharge from the left and right sides of the outlet conduit is basically equal when the middle pier was lengthened to an appropriate value. The slanted outlet conduit scheme with proper extension of the middle pier length had been verified by the model test of the pump system. The efficiency of optimal operation point for the pump system with slanted extension shaft reached 80.56%, the model test results were basically the same with the numerical simulation results. The pressure values on the left and right sides were very close at corresponding time and the pressure variation trends were basically the same. These model test results indicated that the flow pattern of left and right sides were nearly the same and the expected rectification effect was achieved. The slanted outlet conduit scheme whose middle pier length was 23.35 m had been recognized by the relevant engineering design institute and applied to the engineering practice.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Piers
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Flow fields - Flow patterns - Navier Stokes equations - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Pumps - Rotation - Turbulent flow - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Circumferential velocity - Engineering practices - Flow filed - Hydraulic characteristic - Optimal operation point - Outlet conduits - Pump system - Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations
Classification code:407.1  Maritime Structures - 618.2  Pumps - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921  Mathematics - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.06e+01%, Size 1.40e+01m, Size 2.34e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20200908248842
Title:Effects and analysis of straw returning on subsoil microbial community structure in black soil
Title of translation:&#31224;&#31174;&#36824;&#30000;&#23545;&#40657;&#22303;&#20122;&#34920;&#23618;&#24494;&#29983;&#29289;&#32676;&#33853;&#32467;&#26500;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#21407;&#22240;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Cong, Ping (1, 2); Wang, Jing (1); Dong, Jianxin (2); Li, Yuyi (1); Liu, Na (1); Pang, Huancheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Tobacco, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao; 266100, China
Corresponding author:Pang, Huancheng(panghuancheng@caas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:109-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The subsoil layer is an important plow layer between topsoil and bottom soil. It is also an important crop root distribution area. However, long-term rotary tillage caused a thick plow pan in the subsoil layer of black soil in Northeast China, which seriously affected the operation of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in the soil. As is known to all, straw returning is a win-win measure that can not only fertilize the soil but also ensure the utilization of waste resources. Chopped straw is a common way for local farmers to return to the field, while the pelletized straw return is a novel straw return management and is made of straw after highly comminuted and extruded. Our previous research proved that these two forms of deep straw return had a good effect on subsoil physicochemical properties. However, their effects on soil microbial community structure of the subsoil layer were still unknown. To clarified the effect of chopped straw and pelletized straw on soil microbial community structure in subsoil layer of the black soil, then, evaluated the effect of maize straw returning on fertilization of subsoil layer, a one-time deep straw returning experiment was conducted in the black soil of Northeast China from 2016 to 2018. There were five treatments in this experiment, including chopped straw with low dosage (QS1), chopped straw with high dosage (QS5), pelletized straw with low dosage (KL1), pelletized straw with high dosage (KL5), and no straw returning (CK). The contents of soil microbial flora phospholipid fatty acid, soil bulk density, soil water content, pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were measured in the maize harvest season. The results showed that the microbial flora total phospholipid fatty acid content and fungi phospholipid fatty acid content were significantly increased by chopped straw treatments in the first year of straw returning, with a high dosage increasing up to 71.0% and 120.5%. The phospholipid fatty acid content of bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria increased more significantly by pelletized treatment, with high dosage treatment up to 41.6%, 29.7% and 26.3%, and the phospholipid fatty acid content of fungi significantly increased in the second year. The phospholipid fatty acid content of each flora, especially the fungal phospholipid fatty acid content of chopped straw with high dosage treatment, was significantly higher than that of pelletized straw with high dosage treatment (21.0%), and only the flora with high dosage straw return had significant changes in the third year. Chopped straw treatment significantly increased the fungi-bacteria ratio in the early stage of straw returning, while low dosage straw returning increased the Gram-positive bacteria: Gram-negative bacteria ratio. With time increasing, the ratio of high dosage straw return increased more significantly, which was conducive to long-term maintenance of ecosystem stability. High dosage of straw returning could significantly change the level of soil physical and chemical factors, which was an important reason for the differentiation of microbial community structure. The significant soil factors changed with the years of straw returning. In the first year, the significant factors were soil bulk density, pH, total nitrogen and C:N ratio (P&lt;0.05), in the second year, the significant factors were soil water content, soil organic carbon, C:N ratio and soil bulk density (P&lt;0.01), and soil organic carbon was the only significant factor in the third year (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, chopped straw with high dosage treatment had the most obvious difference between microbial community structure and CK, and had a stronger ability to regulate subsoil fungal community. It was more suitable for the improvement of the subsoil fertility of black soil and promoted the resource utilization of straw in Northeast China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Ecosystems - Fatty acids - Fungi - Nitrogen - Organic carbon - Pelletizing - Phospholipids - Physicochemical properties  - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Deep returning - Gram-negative bacteria - Gram-positive bacterium - Long-term maintenances - Microbial community structures - Phospholipid fatty acids - Soil microbial community structure - Subsoil
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20200908248760
Title:Simulation analysis and test on suppression operation process of ridging and film covering machine with full-film double-furrow
Title of translation:&#20840;&#33180;&#21452;&#22404;&#27807;&#36215;&#22404;&#35206;&#33180;&#26426;&#38215;&#21387;&#20316;&#19994;&#36807;&#31243;&#20223;&#30495;&#20998;&#26512;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Zhang, Shilin (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Dai, Fei (1); Song, Xuefeng (1); Qu, Jiangfei (1); Zhang, Fengwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Dai, Fei(daifei@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:20-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Raised bed cropping coupled with full film mulching is a cultivation method for arid and semi-arid regions to improve water use efficiency, which is usually constructed mechanically using machine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how different combinations of working parameters of the machine affect such seedbeds constructed with a double-furrow ridge. The interaction between the soil-compact component in the machine and the soil surface was simulated using a three-dimensional finite element model in the ABAQUS software. Based on the three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design, a mathematical model was proposed to describe how the applied load, forward speed of the machine and soil moisture content combined to affect compression of the ridge, horizontal traction resistance and offset of the infiltrating hole in attempts to find the optimal operating parameters. An adaptive meshing method based on the ALE algorithm was used to alleviate a possible mesh distortion caused by soil compression in the finite element simulation. In the analysis, the vertical displacement of the suppression wheels in the machine was used as a reference to quantify the seedbed subsidence. The reference horizontal traction was calculated assuming that the machine moved forward, and the offset of the infiltrating hole was used as a reference for the extent to which the plastic film was torn. The optimal working parameters under different soil conditions were determined by comparing the three references, and they were then verified against field experiments. The results showed that the average horizontal traction to the soil-compact wheels was 44.15 N, the average subsidence of the wider ridge was 11.82 mm, and the average offset of the infiltrating hole was 8.25 mm. These met the requirements for raised seedbed with double- furrow and full film mulching, and proved that the three-dimensional finite element model was able to predict operation of the machine. It was also found that the size of the ridge did not change significantly and the film tearing was in acceptable range. The suppression wheels ran smoothly and only moderately compacted the soil. The methods and the results presented in this paper provide references for designing and developing machines for mechanically constructing raised seedbed with double-furrow and full film mulching.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Agricultural machinery - Composite bridges - Cultivation - Infiltration - Soil moisture - Subsidence - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Finite element simulations - Full-film double-furrow - Operating parameters - Simulation - Three dimensional finite element model - Vertical displacements - Water use efficiency
Classification code:401.1  Bridges - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2  Machine Components - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 4.41e+01N, Size 1.18e-02m, Size 8.25e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20200908248866
Title:Classification of village land types based on suitability and development evaluation
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36866;&#23452;&#24615;&#19982;&#21457;&#23637;&#27700;&#24179;&#35780;&#20215;&#30340;&#26449;&#24196;&#29992;&#22320;&#31867;&#22411;&#21010;&#20998;
Authors:Tang, Xiumei (1, 2); Liu, Yu (1, 2); Ren, Yanmin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yu(Liuyu@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is necessary to scientifically divide village lands and further propose a differentiated governance strategy, which is the premise and basis to plan village development and reduction of construction lands. Generally, the village land is characterized by "large amount, scattered layout, low efficiency and poor environment". Beijing has entered the era of "reduction development". In Miyun District, the lands are governed scientifically, and it is of great significance to optimize ecological spatial pattern and protect ecological environment. The renovation of village land is a complex and systematic project, which is affected by the natural environment conditions, economic development level, development and construction conditions and location conditions of rural areas. Taking Miyun District of Beijing as a case, based on land use, points of interest and social statistics data, this paper constructed a land suitability evaluation model in view of natural conditions and land patterns. Moreover, the evaluation model was built for village development status from four angles - location conditions, infrastructure, ecological conditions and resource industry, then systematically analyzed village land suitability, village development status and their combination, and divided the type of village lands in the end. The results showed that: 1) The suitability index of village land in Miyun District is between 33-97, the village lands in Miyun District were mostly suitable, but in a trend of decreasing from southwest to northeast; 2) The village development index of Miyun District is between 22.2 and 78.7, villages with higher development index were mainly located in the area around Miyun city in the southwest region, followed by the central part around the Miyun reservoir area, and those in northern area were underdeveloped; 3) based on the evaluation results of both, the village lands in the whole district were divided into nine groups that were further classified into four village types. Among them, the area around Miyun city in southwest was filled with urbanization development types, where it was appropriate to implement governance strategies on urbanization development; in eastern and northern regions, there were villages of adjusted-optimization development types, and governance strategies for adjustment and optimization could be applied; accordingly, the construction and improved development types were mainly distributed around the urbanization development types in the southeast and surrounding areas of Miyun reservoir, with the orientation as construction, improvement and development. In addition, one could find that the villages of reduced development type were available in the northeast and northwest of Miyun District, and it was recommended that reduction development strategy could be implemented. Through research, the author provided the technical basis for the efficient and orderly utilization of village lands. Undoubtedly, village governance aims not only to achieve "reduction", but also "increase" in some areas, as the healthy development of a village depended on both increase and decrease. In a word, village governance is so complicated that it involves in many aspects and multiple departments. In this paper, the author divided village lands based on village development and village land suitability. The research results were of reference value to provide methods on regional village development planning and reduction of construction lands. However, to be frank, the specific governance measures should also take macro development policies and public preferences into account.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Ecology - Economics - Land use - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Planning
Uncontrolled terms:Development strategies - Ecological conditions - Ecological environments - Evaluation modeling - Miyun District - Multisource data - Natural environments - Village development
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 912.2  Management - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20200908248803
Title:Development of layered fertilizer amount adjustment device of pneumatic centralized variable fertilizer system
Title of translation:&#27668;&#21147;&#38598;&#25490;&#24335;&#21464;&#37327;&#25490;&#32933;&#31995;&#32479;&#20998;&#23618;&#26045;&#32933;&#37327;&#35843;&#33410;&#35013;&#32622;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Yang, Qinglu (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Yu, Changchang (1, 2); Lou, Shangyi (1, 2); Wang, Yingbo (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, Northern Hebei Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fertilizer is essential to safeguard food security, and rationalizing fertilization and improving fertilizer use efficiency can reduce its detrimental impact on environment and sustain agriculture production. Current corn fertilization in China is largely growth stage-based with a base fertilization coupled with a number of topdressings. This is inefficient in fertilizer use and labor-intensive, difficult to meet the requirements for sustainable agriculture. Delivering the fertilizer to the location in soil where the crop mostly demands for is a technology to effectively improve fertilizer use efficiency and increase crop yield. In this paper we present a pneumatic centralized device to stratifying fertilizer in soil based on the demand of crop roots. The structure and working parameters of the key components in the device were calculated theoretically; the diameter of the conveying pipe in the device was 76 mm, the inlet airflow velocity should be higher than 25 m/s, and the distribution ratio of the fertilizer can be adjusted arbitrarily from 1:1 to 1:2. The performance of the device was analyzed using the discrete element method coupled with the computational fluid dynamics by taking the rotational speed of the rotary cone (A), the inlet airflow velocity (B) and the fertilization velocity (C) as determinants, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the fertilizer amount at each fertilizer outlet as an performance index. A quadratic-regression rotation orthogonal simulation test was used to link the performance index to the determinants. The results showed that both rotational speed of the rotating cone and the inlet airflow velocity had a significant effect on the CV. When rotational speed of the rotary cone was 735-1 196 r/min, the inlet airflow velocity was 36-41 m/s, the fertilization velocity was 0.14-0.42 kg/s and the distribution ratio was 1:2, the associated CV at different fertilizer outlets varied from 3.7% to 4.9%. The influence of all determinants on the CV was ranked in the order of A&gt;B&gt;C. Bench test of the device was conducted in the Conservation Tillage Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, with rotational speed of the rotary cone being 735 r/min, the inlet airflow velocity being 36 m/s, the fertilization rate being 0.42 kg/s and the distribution ratio being 1:2. The results showed that the CV was less than 5.18% and the deviation of the distribution ratio was less than 2.68%, consistent with the results obtained from simulation and meeting the requirements for fertilization operation. This work provides a new technology with theoretical support to optimize pneumatic centralized device for stratifying fertilizers into soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Crops - Design - Efficiency - Food supply - Machinery - Mechanization - Pneumatics - Soil conservation  - Soils - Two phase flow - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture and rural - Agriculture productions - Coefficient of variation - Conservation tillage - Fertilization rates - Quadratic regression - Structure and working parameters - Sustainable agriculture
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 632.3  Pneumatics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.40e-01kg/s to 4.20e-01kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 4.20e-01kg/s, Percentage 2.68e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+00% to 4.90e+00%, Percentage 5.18e+00%, Rotational_Speed 7.35e+02RPM to 1.20e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.35e+02RPM, Size 7.60e-02m, Velocity 2.50e+01m/s, Velocity 3.60e+01m/s, Velocity 3.60e+01m/s to 4.10e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20200908248918
Title:Analysis of transient pressure pulsation during hydraulic retarder starting process
Title of translation:&#28082;&#21147;&#20943;&#36895;&#22120;&#21551;&#21160;&#36807;&#31243;&#30340;&#30636;&#24577;&#21387;&#21147;&#33033;&#21160;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Houlin (1); Zhang, Lixin (1); Dong, Liang (1); Liu, Jiawei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Dong, Liang(dongliang@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:67-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydraulic retarder is a highly efficient auxiliary brake device in vehicle transmission system. Compared with traditional vehicle braking systems, it can improve braking and transmission thereby improving safety in driving. Being able to independently design and manufacture hydraulic retarders is therefore essential to safeguarding development of vehicle industry for a country. The internal pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder is one of important factors that could cause vibrations and noise in a vehicle, while there is limited study on how the transient pressure pulsation changes responsively to the impeller angle and liquid filling rate in the transmission system. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap by presenting the results of an experiment study on the impact of the impeller angle and charging rate on transient pressure pulsation in a hydraulic retarder during its starting process. We compared three blade inclination angles: 60&deg;, 75&deg; and 90&deg;, and five liquid filling rate: 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%, and conducted the experiments in a transient pressure pulsation test system equipped with an INV3020 data acquisition system. The test system included a frequency converter, a drive motor, a hydraulic retarder, a high frequency dynamic pressure sensor, a torque speed collector and a booster pump. During the test, the motor speed was adjusted by the inverter, and the liquid filling rate was adjusted by the inlet ball valve and the outlet ball valve in the hydraulic reducer as well as the booster pump to control water-filling of the hydraulic reducer cavity. The amplitude of the pressure pulsation at the axial frequency and the leaf frequency was analyzed to elucidate the effect of the impeller angle and the liquid filling rate. The results showed that the peaks of the pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder under different blade inclination angles occurred below 200 Hz, and the pressure pulsation mainly occurred at the leaf frequency and increased with the blade inclination. The pressure pulsation under different liquid filling rate mainly occurred at the leaf frequency. The amplitude of the pressure pulsation decreased as the charging rate increased from 60% to 90%, and then increased steadily when the charging rate further increased from 90% to 100%. Reducing the impeller angle and maintaining the charging rate at 70%-90% can therefore effectively reduce the pressure pulsation. The results presented in this paper unravel the impact of the impeller angle and charging rate on transient pressure pulsation in the hydraulic retarder, and have important implications for optimal design of low-vibration and low-noisy hydraulic retarders.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Vehicle transmissions
Controlled terms:Automobile manufacture - Braking - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Filling - Impellers - Liquids - Models - Pressure - Transient analysis  - Transients - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Data acquisition system - Design and manufactures - Filling rate - High frequency dynamics - Hydraulic retarder - Inclination angles - Transient pressures - Transmission systems
Classification code:601.2  Machine Components - 602  Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 662.1  Automobiles - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 2.00e+02Hz, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20200908248961
Title:Review on rice contamination and its remediation methods by radioactive nuclides in Japan
Title of translation:&#26085;&#26412;&#27700;&#31291;&#26680;&#25918;&#23556;&#24615;&#27745;&#26579;&#29616;&#29366;&#21450;&#21435;&#27745;&#25514;&#26045;&#32508;&#36848;
Authors:Gao, Qi (1, 2); Lin, Han (1); Guan, Yingxue (1); Wang, Xiaowen (1); Zhang, Junwei (1); Xue, Youlin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang; 110036, China; (2) Party School of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, Shenyang; 110161, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Youlin(xueyoulin@lnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:221-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The accident occurring at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant on March 11, 2011 resulted in leakage of a large amount of radionuclides, contaminating farmlands, including rice field, in Fukushima and its neighboring prefectures. Potential contamination of the rice growing these areas by the radionuclides has thus attracted public attention. The objective of this paper is to analyze rice contamination in this region and its remediation. Literature review showed that the radionuclide that was most potential to contaminate the rice is the radioactive cesium. Among all available methods to detect radioactive cesium in rice grain, belt conveyor testers is quicker in measurement but is less accurate, while germanium semiconductor detectors is more accurate but is tedious. Rice contamination by cesium accumulation is modulated by a multitude of factors, one of which is fertilization. For example, potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride is more effective than potassium metasilicate) can reduce the absorption of the radioactive cesium in rice, while nitrogen fertilizer works in the opposite. The movement and transfer of radioactive cesium in soil was affected by its concentration, potassium content, immobilization of the cesium by soil, and the thickness of the topsoil. Apart from these, rice cultivars also affect cesium accumulation. Different methods for ameliorating rice contamination by radionuclides had been developed and tested. In paddy fields, rice contamination by cesium can be reduced by amending the soil or planting. The radioactive cesium is sportive to soil and cyanobacteria can be used to facilitate the exfoliation of top soil. Also, rice is a shallow-rooted plant and deep ploughing could bury the contaminated topsoil beyond the reach of roots so as to reduce its uptake by rice. Secondary contamination can be avoided by controlling fertilization and irrigation, and the transformation of the radioactive cesium from soil to rice can be inhibited by amending the soil with schwertmannite, zeolite and vermiculite, or by controlling fertilizer application rate and the secondary contamination. Implementation of above mitigating methods over the past few years reduced the radioactive cesium content in rice in Fukushima Prefecture to 25 Bq/kg in 2014 (the radiation level set by the Food Sanitation Act of Japan in 2012 was 100 Bq/kg). This paper has implications for constructing a database for mitigating and remediating crop contamination by radionuclides which is also relevant to food production in China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:52
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Belt conveyors - Cesium - Chlorine compounds - Contamination - Cultivation - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nuclear energy - Nuclear fuels - Nuclear power plants - Nuclear reactor accidents  - Numerical methods - Potash - Potassium - Potassium chloride - Potassium fertilizers - Radioactive materials - Radioactivity - Radioisotopes - Remediation - Semiconductor detectors  - Soils - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilizer applications - Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plants - Fukushima nuclear power plant accidents - Germanium semiconductor detector - Literature reviews - Radioactive cesiums - Remediation methods - Rice
Classification code:454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 613  Nuclear Power Plants - 622  Radioactive Materials - 692.1  Conveyors - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 932.2  Nuclear Physics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20200908248902
Title:Design and experiment of tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine
Title of translation:&#40831;&#38142;&#22797;&#21512;&#24335;&#27531;&#33180;&#22238;&#25910;&#26426;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Xie, Jianhua (1); Tang, Wei (1); Cao, Silin (1, 2); Han, Yingjie (1); Zhang, Yi (1); Yang, Yuxin (1); Li, Kaijie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:11-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems such as the missed picking up of the film pickup mechanism of the swing rod driven residual film recovery machine and the returning of the film unloading mechanism with the mulch film, and optimize the structure of the machine, the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine was designed. Tooth chain film pickup mechanism and rod-tooth film pickup mechanism were adopted in the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine which cooperate with each other to improve the film pickup rate, the fixing scraper type film unloading mechanism was used to solve the problem of return in the process of residual film unloading. Through the analysis of working principle and dynamics of film pickup and unloading mechanism, the movement track and equation of film pickup mechanism were obtained, and the conditions of picking, conveying and unloading of residual film were determined. In order to determine the optimum structure and working parameters of the tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine and optimize the structure of the machine, the three-factor and three-level response tests of this machine were carried out. Three factors were taken as test factors: the machine advancing velocity, the depth of pickup tooth into soil, the speed ratio of the tooth chain film pickup mechanism to the rod-tooth film pickup mechanism (speed ratio), and the film pickup rate and the film wrapping rate were taken as test indexes. The quadratic regression models of each factor on film pickup rate and film wrapping rate were established by using Design-Expert data analysis software. The significance of each factor on film pickup rate and film wrapping rate was analyzed. The results showed that the significant effects of the experimental factors on the film pickup rate were that speed ratio &gt; the machine advancing velocity &gt; the depth of pickup tooth into soil, and the significant effects on the film wrapping rate were: that the machine advancing velocity &gt; the depth of pickup tooth into soil &gt; speed ratio. The optimum working parameters were determined as follows: the moving speed of the machine was 0.9 m/s, the depth of pickup tooth into soil was 42 mm, and the speed ratio was 0.6. According to the optimized test parameters, the field verification tests were carried out. The results showed that the film pickup rate was 87.2% and the film wrapping rate was 1.6%. The experimental results had little difference with the theoretical optimum values, and the optimization model was reliable. The research results could provide reference for the selection of the optimum working parameters of tooth chain compound residual film recovery machine.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Pickups
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Experiments - Machine design - Recovery - Regression analysis - Soils - Speed - Structural optimization - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Data analysis softwares - Experimental factors - Optimization modeling - Optimum working parameters - Parameter optimization - Quadratic regression - Residual films - Rod tooth
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3  Engineering Research - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.60e+00%, Percentage 8.72e+01%, Size 4.20e-02m, Velocity 9.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20200908248757
Title:Processing capacity of phosphogypsum in rice husk-chicken manure high-temperature composting system
Title of translation:&#31291;&#22771;-&#40481;&#31914;&#22909;&#27687;&#39640;&#28201;&#22534;&#32933;&#20307;&#31995;&#20013;&#30967;&#30707;&#33167;&#28040;&#32435;&#33021;&#21147;&#30340;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Xu, Zhi (1); Zhang, Yong (1); Chen, Xuejiao (1); Wang, Yuyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650201, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yuyun(yuyunwhere@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:208-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to explore the processing capacity of phosphogypsum in the composting system and improve the resources utilization intensity of phosphogypsum. The rice husk was used as the main raw material, the chicken manure was used as auxiliary organic material, and the phosphogypsum was used as a compost conditioner. The rice husk and chicken manure were thoroughly mixed in a certain proportion to obtain organic raw materials for composting, which C/N ratio of the raw material was 30. According to the different amount of phosphogypsum added in the composting system, 5 composting treatments were set, including added without phosphogypsum (CK), added 10% phosphogypsum (P10), added 20% phosphogypsum (P20), added 30% phosphogypsum (P30) and added 40% phosphogypsum (P40), which were based on the proportion of organic materials (dry weight) of composting. The moisture content of the composting mixture of 5treatments was adjusted to 55%, and the composting was carried out. The physical, chemical and biological indicators during the composting process and organic matter content, nutrient properties (N, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> and K<inf>2</inf>O), heavy metal content (Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr) of compost at the end of composting were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, 10%~30% phosphogypsum addition significantly promoted the rising temperature of composting and maintaining the high-temperature time, increased the fermentation strength of the composting. With the increasing of the addition amount of phospgypsum, the pH value of the composting significantly decreased, and the electrical conductivity value of the composting significantly increased. At the end of composting, the pH value and electrical conductivity value of P40 treatment were 5.02 and 3.59 ms/cm, respectively. After the end of composting, the total organic carbon reduction of treatments with phosphogypsum were generally higher than that of CK (the total organic carbon content of CK, P10, P20, P30 and P40 decreased by 11.32%, 12.78%, 12.53%, 12.19% and 11.61%, respectively), which further indicated that the addition of phosphogypsum was beneficial to increase the fermentation strength of the composting. But the dilution effect of 40% phosphogypsum (P40) was too obvious, resulting in the organic matter content of the compost product not meeting the NY525-2012 standard, which the organic matter content of P40 was 34.3%. Phosphogypsum addition could increase the germination index value of the compost, by the end of composting, the germination index values of CK, P10, P20, P30 and P40 were 65.43%, 86.54%, 97.52%, 81.35% and 71.40%, respectively. However, when P40 was processed to the end of composting, the water-soluble NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N content was still up to 528.2 mg/kg. Compared with CK, the nutrient content of P10, P20 and P30 treatment increased significantly, and all of them met requirements of the NY525-2012 standard. With the increase of the addition amount of phosphogypsum, the contents of Hg, As, Cd, Pb and Cr in composting products increased significantly, and the contents of heavy metals in each treatment did not exceed requirements of the NY525-2012 standard, indicating that the addition of phosphogypsum still had the risk of increasing the contents of heavy metals during the composting, therefore, the heavy metal content of phosphogypsum should be taken into account when it was used as composting conditioner. Thus, the composting system with rice husk as the main raw material, adding 30% phosphogypsum as the dry weight of organic material was the maximum consumption of phosphogypsum. This study explored the processing capacity of phosphogypsum in the rice husk-chicken manure composting system, and the results provided a scientific basis for phosphogypsum promoting the composting efficiency of rice-husk as the main raw material and maximizing the utilization of phosphogypsum in some areas of China in which rice husk production was high and livestock waste was scarce as composting auxiliary materials.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Animals - Biogeochemistry - Composting - Cultivation - Electric conductivity - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gypsum - Indicators (chemical) - Lead  - Manures - Mercury compounds - Nutrients - Organic carbon - pH
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical and biologicals - Chicken manure - Electrical conductivity - Phosphogypsum - Processing capacities - Resources utilizations - Rice husk - Total organic carbon content
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 482.2  Minerals - 546.1  Lead and Alloys - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.43e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 6.54e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01%, Percentage 8.65e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20200908248807
Title:Design and experiment of test bench for garlic bulbil adjustment and seeding based on bilateral image identification
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21452;&#20391;&#22270;&#20687;&#35782;&#21035;&#30340;&#22823;&#33948;&#27491;&#33469;&#21450;&#25490;&#31181;&#35797;&#39564;&#21488;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1, 2); Tian, Lin (1, 2); Li, Tianhua (1, 2); Niu, Ziru (1, 2); Li, Yuhua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuhua(liyuhua@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:50-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Garlic is one of the most important cash crops in China. Single grain sowing in garlic planting needs to follow the agronomic requirements of the upward bulbil and downward root. Since foreign garlic planters cannot be used for hybrid garlic sowing in our case, it becomes necessary for domestic garlic planters to adjust the direction of various garlic bulbils using mechanical devices. These garlic planters have a good effect on the sowing of Cangshan garlic, but not good on that of the hybrid garlic. The reason is that the irregular shape of the hybrid garlic cannot meet the condition of the center of gravity locating at the lower half of the garlic clove. In this case of the irregular garlic, the mechanical directing device also fail to adjust the direction of the garlic bulbil. Here a test bench for the garlic seeding was designed to solve the sowing of the hybrid garlic. The test bench of garlic sowing is mainly composed of a seed taking device, a garlic sorting device, an image acquiring machine, a detecting system of garlic bulbil direction, a device of garlic seed directing, and a box for the garlic seeds. The motor with adjustable speeds can serve as the power source for the test bench of the garlic seeding. The following procedure will be performed on this test bench. The power of the motor via the chain drive can first be input to the single-grain taking device with large/small scoops, which can take the single-grained garlic out from the storing box. A large scoop can take one or more garlic seeds in one time, where the single-grain spoon can be turned 90&ordm; counter clockwise to transfer the garlic into the small volume of the spoon. Since the small spoon can hold only one garlic, the rest of garlics fall back into the seed box. The device of the single-grain picking transports the garlic and flips the spoon at the top of the garlic channel. Due to the movement of the garlic baffle and various gravity-center of garlics, the garlic seeds that fell into the garlic channel can be arranged horizontally to move linearly with the downward baffle. When the garlic reached to the location of the image collection, the photoelectric sensor can be triggered to control each of the USB cameras on the both sides of the garlic channel to take an image. Based on the collected image showing the bulbil/root of the garlic, the detecting device can identify the direction of the garlic bulbil, whereas the directing device of garlic seed can adjust timely the direction of the garlic. In the course of the garlic seeding, it is necessary to optimize the operating parameters of the test bench. Therefore, the test factors can be selected as the motor speed, the width of the garlic channel, the shooting distance, and the recognition threshold, while the test index as the directing rate of garlic seed. The performance test for the test bench of garlic seeding was carried out by using Box-Behnken analytical method to obtain the influence of the seed directing rate on the sowing of hybrid garlic. The primary and secondary factors in order were the width of the garlic channel, the motor speed, the shooting distance and the recognition threshold. These parameters can then be optimized in the data-processing software Design Expert 10. The optimum parameters can be achieved as the index of the seed directing rate: the motor speed was 18.34 r/min, the width of the garlic channel was 38 mm, the shooting distance was 8.64 mm, and the recognition threshold was 178.36. The seed directing rate was reached 91.67% predicted by the model. Under the condition of modified optimum working parameters, the garlic seed directing rate in the physical test can reached 90.56%, showing that the experimental results were consistent with the optimized simulation. The average identification time of a garlic was 0.29 s, which can meet the requirements of the sowing speed of the garlic planter. These findings can provide insightful application for the vertical planting technology of hybrid garlics.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Data handling - Design - Digital storage - Experiments - Grain (agricultural product) - Machine design - Models - Software design  - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Data processing software - Garlic planter - Garlic seed adjustment - Operating parameters - Optimized simulation - Optimum working parameters - Photoelectric sensors - Recognition threshold
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 901.3  Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.83e+01RPM, Size 3.80e-02m, Size 8.64e-03m, Time 2.90e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20200908248898
Title:Rice growth model in China based on growing degree days
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26377;&#25928;&#31215;&#28201;&#30340;&#20013;&#22269;&#27700;&#31291;&#29983;&#38271;&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Su, Lijun (1); Liu, Yunhe (1); Wang, Quanjiu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Xi'an University of Technology, State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Quanjiu(wquanjiu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:162-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Temperature determines the maturity of crops by affecting the formation of dry matter, and ultimately affects crop yield. Therefore, studying the relationship between temperature and crop growth is very important to improve agricultural production efficiency. In this study, an universal Logistic model for describing the growth process of rice was established with growing degree days as independent variable, the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation of rice as dependent variable, respectively. A large number of data of rice growth index were collected. At the same time, the relationships between the maximum leaf area index, the maximum dry matter accumulation, harvest index (the ratio of crop economic yield to total biomass) and precipitation throughout the growth period of rice were analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of growing degree days, the change of rice leaf area index revealed obvious characteristics: increase firstly then decrease, and the change trend of leaf area index in different regions was basically similar. When the growing degree days was increased to about 1 000&#8451;, the leaf area index reached the maximum and this stage corresponded to the booting stage. When the growing degree days was increased to about 1 000&#8451;, the increase rate of dry matter accumulation was the largest. At this time, the leaf area almost stoped growing, and the rice entered the reproductive growth stage. There was an obvious linear relationship between the maximum leaf area index and the maximum dry matter accumulation of rice. With the increase of the maximum leaf area index, the maximum dry matter accumulation increased gradually. There was a quadratic polynomial relationship between the maximum leaf area index and harvest index of rice. When the maximum leaf area index was about 8, the harvest index was the largest. The maximum leaf area index of rice increased first and then decreased with the increase of precipitation in the whole growing period. When the precipitation of the whole growing period was about 670.5 mm, the maximum leaf area index of rice increased to about 7.9. The corresponding harvest index was also almost the maximum value. If the precipitation was more than 670.5 mm, the growth of rice leaves would be inhibited, and the photosynthesis of rice leaves would be weakened, so that the function of leaves could not be brought into full play. At the same time, too much precipitation was not conducive to the growth of rice roots, resulting in yield reduction. In this study, the rice growth regulation and yield prediction model were constructed. The results showed that the growing degree days could be used to analyze the growth process of rice accurately, and it could improve the precision of rice yield prediction and efficiency agricultural production. In this study, we considered the relationsips between the meteorological factors and the crop growth, and established the universal rice growth model by using growing degree days, precipitation and the physiological index of the rice, and estalished the prediction model of the rice yield by using the harvest index. It would be a guidance of constructing growth models of other crops.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:110
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Biomass - Crops - Efficiency - Forecasting - Harvesting - Physiological models
Uncontrolled terms:Crop growth - Growing degree days - Logistic models - Precipitaition - Rice
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Size 6.70e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20200908248958
Title:Spatial distribution of soil salinity in Ugan-Kuqa River delta oasis based on environmental variables
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#29615;&#22659;&#21464;&#37327;&#30340;&#28205;&#24178;&#27827;-&#24211;&#36710;&#27827;&#32511;&#27954;&#22303;&#22756;&#30416;&#20998;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24067;
Authors:Meng, Lina (1, 2); Ding, Jianli (1, 2); Wang, Jingzhe (1, 2); Ge, Xiangyu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology under Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Jianli(watarid@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:175-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Digital soil mapping (DSM) is the creation and population of spatial soil information systems by numerical models inferring the spatial and temporal variations of soil types and soil properties from soil observations and knowledge and from related environmental variables. DSM is critical to precise agricultural production and environmental protection. Accurately mapping soil salinity through remote sensing techniques has been an active research area in the past few decades particularly for agricultural lands. A total of 73 cropland topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected from Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis, southern parts of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China for the measurement of soil electrical conductivity (EC) based on 1:5 soil-water extraction solution. Three spatial prediction models, i.e., ordinary kriging (OK), geographically weighted regression (GWR) and random forest (RF) methods were employed for digital mapping of soil salinity. Multi-source remote sensing data were resampled in the spatial resolution of 30m and calculated various derived environmental variables, such as terrain attributes, soil physiochemical properties, and spectral indices. We selected 16 most sensitive variables to calibrate the estimation models based on the correlation analysis. Finally, the validation results of different models were compared under different intervals of EC and vegetation coverage. The mean absolute prediction error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R²) were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the above methods. The spatial distribution patterns of EC obtained by different methods were quite similar, in general the distribution of salt increased from northwest to southeast of the study area, salt soil and severe salinity soil were concentrated in the southeast of the region. Among the different prediction methods combined with the variables, the OK method lacked a detailed description of the spatial variation of the EC content, and the internal map fragmentation of the GWR method made the details of the drawing effect more abundant. For the RF method the RMSE and MAE of both datasets were lower than OK and GWR method, R², RMSE and MAE were 0.74, 9.07 and 7.90 mS/cm, could effectively estimate the soil salinity at the regional scale. From the segmentation statistics of EC, the error of the RF method in the low and high values was small. The RF method had the highest prediction accuracy of 3.96 mS/cm for the EC of 0-2 mS/cm, which weakens the influence of vegetation cover on EC. Both the OK and the GWR methods had the largest prediction error between 0.1 and 0.2 of NDVI, but the RF method had little change in RMSE under different vegetation coverage. The best predicting model in these methods was selected based on corresponding performance and accuracy measures. The effect of GWR and RF modeling by nonlinear regression was obviously better than that of OK method. The local variation information of EC content was described in more detail. This study could provide a basis for the next step in the promotion of salinization monitoring in arid or semi-arid areas, selecting more effective environmental synergy variables, and improving the accuracy of soil mapping digital mapping.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer graphics - Decision trees - Error statistics - Errors - Forecasting - Learning systems - Mean square error - Population statistics - Random forests  - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Environmental variables - Geographically weighted regression - Mean absolute prediction error - Soil electrical conductivity - Soil salts - Spatial and temporal variation - Spatial distribution patterns
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 0.00e+00S/m to 2.00e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 3.96e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 7.90e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 9.07e-01S/m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20200908248847
Title:Estimation methods of phreatic evaporation for different textures in bare soil area
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#36136;&#22320;&#35064;&#22303;&#28508;&#27700;&#33976;&#21457;&#20272;&#31639;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Liu, Peigui (1); Xia, Yan (1); Shang, Manting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (2) School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Manting(hfut_smt@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:148-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation of different soil textures in bare soil area, soils with different texture and sand samples were taken from the test site in Hefei University of Technology. After pretreatment such as drying and particles sieving, 4 types of homogeneous test materials were selected including coarse sand, fine sand, loam and sand soil. Then, a self-made phreatic evaporation measurement device was made with diameters of 60 and 25 mm and a height of 42 mm. It can easily solve the problem of automatic water replenishment during the evaporation process, so that the groundwater depth can always be 0. Based on the self-designed device, a total of 5 groups of comparative test schemes were constructed, including coarse sand, fine sand, loam, sandy soil and water in bare soil area. Under the same environmental conditions, daily phreatic evaporation of the 4 different soil textures and water surface evaporation were observed for a total of 127 days from December 24, 2018 to April 29, 2019. By analyzing the relationship between phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation for soils with different textures, linear mathematical equations were established. The results revealed that the change trend of phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation was basically the same during the experiment. The high air temperature would lead to larger soil evaporation. However, the phreatic evaporation of the 4 different soil textures was not equal to the water surface evaporation, and the difference between them was more significant as the air temperature was increased. The determination coefficients between phreatic evaporation value of different soil textures and the water surface evaporation were all greater than 0.97. Especially for fine sand, the correlation coefficient reached 0.99, which indicated that there was a significant correlation between phreatic evaporation and water surface evaporation (P&lt;0.05). And the conversion coefficients were achieved between them according to the linear mathematical equations. Generally, in soil bare areas with similar climatic conditions in Hefei, the conversion coefficient of coarse sand was 0.94, and the coefficients of fine sand, loam and sand are 1.04, 1.14 and 1.19, respectively. The phreatic evaporation value of coarse sand was less than the evaporation of water surface. The phreatic evaporation values of fine sand, loam and sand were greater than water evaporation. Under bare soil conditions, this conversion coefficient was only related to soil texture. In addition, the loam and sandy soil evaporation in the Wudaogou test site of Anhui Province, China was selected to verify the rationality of the conversion coefficient obtained above. The results showed that when the groundwater depth was 0.4 m, the relative error of the loam evaporation calculated by the substitution method and the phreatic evaporation coefficient method were -10.30% and 2.25%, respectively. Moreover, the sand evaporation calculated by the substitution method was 5.11 mm smaller than the measured value with a relative error of -17.79%, while the sand evaporation calculated using the phreatic evaporation coefficient method was only less than the measured value of 0.56 mm, and the relative error was reduced to -1.94%. Therefore, when calculating the phreatic evaporation at different groundwater depths, directly replacing phreatic evaporation with water surface evaporation would inevitably cause larger relative errors. However, the relative error of the calculation result obtained from the phreatic evaporation coefficient method was smaller, and the calculated value was much closer to the measured value. The coefficient method proposed in this paper would significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of the calculation results of phreatic evaporation.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Evaporation
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Errors - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Replenishment (water resources) - Sand - Soils - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Bare soils - Conversion coefficients - Correlation coefficient - Determination coefficients - Environmental conditions - Evaporation coefficients - Ground water depths - Relationship
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.48e-01yr, Percentage -1.03e+01%, Percentage -1.78e+01%, Percentage -1.94e+00%, Percentage 2.25e+00%, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 4.20e-02m, Size 5.11e-03m, Size 5.60e-04m, Size 6.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20200908248783
Title:Spatio-temporal evolution and driving forces of rainfall use efficiency in land restoration
Title of translation:&#36864;&#32789;&#36824;&#26519;&#32972;&#26223;&#19979;&#38477;&#27700;&#21033;&#29992;&#25928;&#29575;&#26102;&#31354;&#28436;&#21464;&#21450;&#39537;&#21160;&#21147;&#25506;&#35752;
Authors:Wang, Jing (1, 2); Yao, Shunbo (1); Liu, Tianjun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College Economics &amp; Management, Center for Resource Economy and Environmental Management, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Western Development institute, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Shunbo(yaoshunbo@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:128-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Returning farmland to forest (grass), named Grain for Green Project, is one of the major ecological land restoration in China. In the context of the global climate change, the study of the impact of precipitation patterns on the productivity of ecosystems become an important means to evaluate the use efficiency of returning farmland to forests (grass) for the ecological restoration. Baoji region was used to this research in order to provide a specific theoretical reference for the improvement and implementation of the subsequent national ecological restoration policy, and the corresponding vegetation growth season was selected as March-November. Based on the standardized rainfall use efficiency Z(RUE) model and integrated climate, land use/cover and optical remote sensing, this present study explored the influence of the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Z(RUE) and driving forces by the use of isolated natural and human factors to monitor the inter-annual and seasonal growth seasons. The result shows: 1) In 2001 to 2017, after two rounds of returning farmland to forests (grass) in Baoji area, Z(RUE) showed an overall improvement trend, especially in the area of pixels that showed a significant increase after the first round. The highest increase was 65.69%. The whole region was changed from the artificial intervention region to the reduction of human intervention under the first round of the project implementation; 2) The spring Z(RUE) change was the smallest among the inter-annual differences, and the transition point appeared in 2009, which was the period of 2001 to 2009 and 2009 to 2017 were positive and negative growth distribution, respectively. Z(RUE) in Summer increased most significantly, together with the largest annual difference in Autumn. The Z(RUE) mean of each year on the inter-annual and spring scales was the highest in the grassland and cultivated land, respectively, and the Z(RUE) of urban and rural land was the highest in Summer and Autumn; 3) Different type of vegetation, slope, direction of slope angle, change of Z(RUE) were in the peak distribution of "three high and one low". The much higher peaks occurred in April, June, and November (maximum), whereas the low peaks occurred in September (minimum), corresponding to greening (April), harvesting (June), and sowing (September); 4) Illumination duration become the main driving factor for the Z(RUE) variations in Baoji area. The main driving factors were temperature, sunshine hours and per capita GDP. Since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests (grass), the grassland improvement trend in the growing season was the best, indicating consistent with the increasing trend of Z(RUE) on the grassland. Except Fufeng, Linyou County and Fengxian, the remaining counties (districts) have much more contributed to the variation of Z(RUE) than human activities in Baoji area of China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Conservation
Controlled terms:Climate change - Climate models - Cultivation - Ecology - Efficiency - Farms - Forestry - Land use - Rain - Remote sensing  - Restoration - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Baoji area - Driving factors - Human intervention - Returning farmland to forests (grass) - Use efficiency
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443  Meteorology - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.57e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20200908248794
Title:Calibration of discrete element simulation parameters of grapevine antifreezing soil and its interaction with soil-cleaning components
Title of translation:&#33889;&#33796;&#34276;&#38450;&#23506;&#22303;&#19982;&#28165;&#22303;&#37096;&#20214;&#30456;&#20114;&#20316;&#29992;&#30340;&#31163;&#25955;&#20803;&#20223;&#30495;&#21442;&#25968;&#26631;&#23450;
Authors:Ma, Shuai (1); Xu, Liming (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Niu, Cong (1); Zeng, Jian (1); Chen, Chen (1); Wang, Shuoshuo (1); Yuan, Xunteng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:40-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grapevine in seasonally frozen regions needs to be warm-insulated by soil in winter with the antifreezing soil removed in spring most mechanically by a soil removal machine. The purpose of this paper is to simulate the interaction between the insulating soil (with sandy loam texture) and the soil-cleaning materials (Q235 steel, rubber) commonly used in the soil removal machine, based on the discrete element method. The simulation model was constructed based on properties of the soil by integrating the hysteretic spring contact model (HSCM) and the linear cohesion model (LCM) as the contact model between soil particles. We took soil-soil restitution coefficient, soil-soil frictional coefficient, soil-soil rolling coefficient and soil cohesion energy density as the determinants and the soil accumulation angle as an evaluation index. The 4-factor universal rotation center combination simulation test, based on the EDEM, was used to regress the relationship between the determinants and the index using the Design-Expert software. The results showed that the soil-soil frictional coefficient was the only parameter that did not have significant effects on the soil accumulation angle. The best contact-parameter combination between soil particles was obtained by taking the physically measured soil accumulation angle as the optimization objective, which gave 0.51 for the soil-soil restitution coefficient, 0.65 for the soil-soil frictional coefficient, 0.06 for the soil-soil rolling frictional coefficient, and 10 495 J/m³ for the soil cohesion energy density. The associated soil accumulation angle was 31.74&deg;, with a relative error of 0.83% compared with the physically measured results. The universal testing machine for soil yield test was used to obtain the HSCM model parameters based on the change in penetration stress with the displacement, and the resultant soil yield strength was 0.38 MPa. The static frictional coefficient between soil and Q235 steel as well as the rubber measured by the inclination test bench was 0.38 and 0.48 respectively. These data and the EDEM were used to conduct the simulation test of the soil slip, with the restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient between soil and the materials taken as the determinants and the sliding frictional angle as evaluating index. Regressing the test date with the two-factor universal rotation center combination test showed that the rolling frictional coefficient between soil and the materials had a significant effect on the sliding frictional angle between soil and the steel plate and rubber. In contrast, the restitution coefficient between the soil and the materials impacted significantly on the sliding frictional angle between the soil and the rubber but not on the soil and the steel plate. The restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient between the soil and the Q235 steel as well as the rubber were optimized by using the measured sliding frictional angle as the optimization objective. The resultant restitution coefficient and the rolling frictional coefficient were 0.60 and 0.37 respectively for the soil and the Q235 steel, and 0.61 and 0.23 respectively for the soil and the rubber. Soil bin test and simulation test of the scraper were conducted to verify the calibrated discrete element model parameters. The horizontal forward resistance of the scraper in the soil bin test and simulation test was 228.36 and 213.79 N respectively, with a relative error of 6.38%. The results presented in this paper have important implications for using discrete element method to analyze the removal of grapevine-insulating soil.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Calibration - Cleaning - End effectors - Finite difference method - Friction - Pile foundations - Rubber - Software testing - Soils - Steel testing  - Textures - Tools
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-freezing - Discrete element modeling - Discrete element simulation - Grapevine - Parameters calibrations - Soil cleaning - Static frictional coefficient - Universal testing machines
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2  Foundations - 545.3  Steel - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731.5  Robotics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 818.1  Natural Rubber - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.14e+02N, Force 2.28e+02N, Percentage 6.38e+00%, Percentage 8.30e-01%, Pressure 3.80e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20200908248827
Title:An extraction xylem images of Caragana stenophylla Pojark based on K-means clustering and circle structure extraction algorithm
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;K&#22343;&#20540;&#32858;&#31867;&#21644;&#29615;&#24418;&#32467;&#26500;&#30340;&#29421;&#21494;&#38182;&#40481;&#20799;&#26408;&#36136;&#37096;&#25552;&#21462;&#31639;&#27861;
Authors:Wang, Haichao (1); Zong, Zheying (1); Zhang, Wenxia (1); Yin, Xiaofei (1); Wang, Xiaorong (1); Zhang, Haijun (1); Liu, Yanqiu (1); Shi, Xin (1); Wang, Chunguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chunguang(jdwcg@imau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:193-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the slice images of the xylem of Caragana stenophylla Pojarkthis paper proposed a novel algorithm that combined the K-means clustering and circle structure extraction algorithm, to achieve much more accurate information data of the xylem than that from the traditional image processing algorithms. Firstly, the dynamic Butterworth homomorphic filtering can be used to compensate for illumination variations on V components in the 30 images of Caragana stenophylla Pojark xylem in a HSV color space; then the K-means clustering can be used to initially segment the a and b components of the pre-processed xylem images under the Lab color space with a cluster of 3,finally, the circle structure extraction algorithm can be used to accurately cluster and extract the specific feature of the xylem images. The processing results showed that the Butterworth homomorphic filtering have a good effect on the illumination compensation for the various illumination variations in a series of different images, indicating some high resolution information in detail, texture, contrast and visual effect of the images. After being initially segmented by K-means clustering, the illumination compensated xylem images had an average section error (R) of 5.15%, over-segmentation error (OR) of 1.48% and under-segmentation error (UR) of 6.46%, respectively, which decreased by 23.60, 7.75 and 13.01 percentage points, respectively compared to the xylem images before the illumination compensation. The segmentation accuracy was enhanced significantly, which decreased 10.43 percentage points in R, 4.58 percentage points in OR and 4.96 percentage points in UR to 3R-G-B threshold value clustering algorithm after the illumination compensation. The average mean error of the circle structure extraction for the xylem images after the initial segment reached 2.26%, which was 11.69 percentage points lower than that of the watershed method, and 4.93 percentage points lower than that of pit matching method. The average duration of the algorithm in this case was 3.66 s on each image, saving 0.95 and 4.78 s compared to that of the watershed and pit matching method, respectively. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of the algorithm was 0.52%, one third of that from the watershed and half of that from the pit matching. The proposed combined algorithm can automatically segment and extract the xylem information data from Caragana stenophylla Pojark, particularly on some images with the complex xylem structure, uneven illumination and uneven internal distribution, indicating better than the other two types of segmentation algorithms. These findings can provide fundamental reference for the promising extraction algorithm and the image processing of the xylem from other plants.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Data mining - Error compensation - Extraction - Information filtering - K-means clustering - Mean square error - Textures - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Caragana stenophylla Pojark - Extract - Illumination compensation - Image processing algorithm - Root mean squared errors - Segmentation algorithms - Structure extraction - Xylem
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.48e+00%, Percentage 2.26e+00%, Percentage 5.15e+00%, Percentage 5.20e-01%, Percentage 6.46e+00%, Time 3.66e+00s, Time 4.78e+00s, Time 9.50e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20200908248870
Title:Effect of different fertilizer shape characteristics on fertilizer sphericity
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#32933;&#26009;&#31890;&#24418;&#29305;&#24449;&#23545;&#32933;&#26009;&#29699;&#24230;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Hongjian (1, 2); Shi, Shaojun (2); Liu, Shuangxi (1, 3); Wang, Zhen (1, 2); Mu, Junlin (2); Wang, Jinxing (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jinxing(jinxingw@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:59-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A fertilizer that served as an important agricultural input, become rank first in the world in terms of Chinese production and utilization, further ensuring national food security and agricultural productivity. However, there are various effects of the shape characteristics of fertilizers on the appearance quality, strength, fluidity and the efficiency of mechanical fertilization in modern mechanized agriculture. If the sphericity of particles in a fertilizer is high, the strength of the fertilizer will be high, indicating hardly being deformed and/or broken. If the roundness of particles in a fertilizer is high, the porosity of the fertilizer will be large, indicating the better heat dissipation and flow effect. There are significant influences of particle shape and pore structure on the diffusion of salt ions in the fertilizer, while in turn the agglomeration of the fertilizer can affect the pore structure that caused by the accumulation of the fertilizer. Therefore, the effects of different shape characteristics on the fertilizer sphericity were studied by using single-factor and central combination tests, in order to clarify the relationship between various shape features and mechanical properties in the fertilizer. Firstly, the length, width, thickness, equiaxed rate, flake rate, roundness and sphericity of fertilizers were measured by the shape analyzer for agricultural materials. Secondly, the correlation coefficient between different shape characteristics and the fertilizer sphericity was determined by the single-factor variance test. Finally, taking the equiaxed rate, flake rate, roundness of fertilizers as the main influencing factors, the mathematical model of the fertilizer sphericity was established by Box-Behnken central combination test, and then the relationship between these factors and fertilizer sphericity was analyzed by the approaches of the regression statistical variance, response surface and isoline. The simulated results showed that a significant multiple regression equation could be fitted between the fertilizer sphericity and the equiaxed rate, flake rate, and roundness. The influence degree of each factor on the fertilizer sphericity from high to low was in the order of the equiaxed rate, flake rate, and roundness. When the equiaxed rate was in the range of 0.98-1.00, the flake rate was in the range of 0.92-0.95, and the roundness was in the range of 0.85-0.88, while the fertilizer sphericity was the highest, reaching over 92.9%. In the same batch of the compound fertilizer, 50 particles were randomly selected as verification samples, and the measured sphericity of fertilizer was obtained through various experiments. The predicted sphericity of fertilizer was achieved by the sphericity regression equations, while the accuracy of the sphericity model was evaluated by the error rate. The test results show that the maximum positive and negative error rate between the measured- and predicted sphericity of fertilizer was within 9%, indicating that the test results were consistent with the simulated values from the response surface analysis, as well verifying the proposed mathematical model. Therefore, a novel method for the indirect measurement of the fertilizer sphericity was proposed, which can provide significantly theoretical fundamentals for the production and quality inspection of fertilizers.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Food supply - Models - Pore structure - Productivity - Regression analysis - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Surface testing - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productivity - Central composite - Correlation coefficient - Indirect measurements - Multiple regression equations - Response surface analysis - Response surface method - Shape characteristics
Classification code:804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3  Food Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+00%, Percentage 9.29e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20200908248758
Title:Correlation analysis and modeling of water quality indexes for swine breeding wastewater
Title of translation:&#29983;&#29482;&#20859;&#27542;&#27745;&#27700;&#27700;&#36136;&#25351;&#26631;&#30456;&#20851;&#24615;&#20998;&#26512;&#19982;&#24314;&#27169;
Authors:Zhou, Hao (1, 2); Xu, Aijun (1, 2); Zhou, Suyin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Suyin(zsy197733@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:200-207
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the difference of treatment process about swine breeding sewage, the treatment methods are divided into ecological treatment, industrial treatment and centralized treatment. The components of sewage treated by industrial treatment are extremely complex, there will be a great risk of environmental pollution if the sewage is directly discharged into the natural water body. It&rsquo;s very important to monitor sewage quality. The monitoring methods commonly used in swine breeding sewage mainly include laboratory monitoring and automatic monitoring. The laboratory monitoring is traditional, which has the advantage of high data accuracy and the disadvantages of low efficiency and poor timeliness, the sewage indexes can be detected fast but costly using automatic monitoring method. To find a monitoring scheme that combined the advantages of laboratory monitoring method and automatic monitoring method, took the sewage from a large-scale pig farm as the research object, the change characteristics, correlation of seven main indexes of sewage quality and regression modeling of two main indexes were studied. The seven indeices were respectively ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, the potential of hydrogen, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity. Through the detection and correlation analysis of 30 random samples from different seasons and climatic conditions, it was found that ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and electrical conductivity had similar variation trends and strong correlation each other, the correlation coefficient of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen was 0.772, and that of ammonia nitrogen and electrical conductivity was 0.775, the correlation coefficient of total nitrogen and electrical conductivity was 0.920. Based on the results of correlation analysis, many types of monadic regressive and multivariate regression models for ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were established respectively, the relatively optimal "polynomial regression model" (model I) for ammonia nitrogen and the "comprehensive model" (model V) for total nitrogen were determined by comparing the coefficient of determination, residual sum of squares and the mean square regression of each model. The verification results based on 10 sets of data showed that the estimated values of these two models were closest to the measured values, the coefficients of determination of model I and model V were 0.855 and 0.953 respectively. Therefore, these two models could be used to evaluate the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen in swine breeding sewage. The existing studies shown that the data obtained by laboratory monitoring and automatic monitoring had the same change law although the value was different, which meant that there was a good linear relationship between them, hence a linear regression model based on the automatic monitoring data could be established to achieve the monitoring of water quality indexes accurately and rapidly. Based on this conclusion and the above two models, the feasibility of an efficient and low-cost automatic monitoring scheme for swine breeding wastewater quality was analyzed in this study. The indexes involved in the solution included electrical conductivity, the potential of hydrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand, the total nitrogen that was difficult and expensive to detect automatically does not require to detect directly, the concentration of which could be calculated by the value of ammonia nitrogen and electrical conductivity according to model V, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen with relatively low difficulty and cost could be obtained by the value of electrical conductivity according to model I, the detection of electrical conductivity and potential of hydrogen was more convenient and the cost was lower, the data of total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand would be obtained by linear regression model based on automatic monitoring data. Compared with the existing monitoring methods, the number of indexes that needed to be detected directly in this scheme would be significantly reduced, which would make the overall difficulty and the cost of monitoring decreasing, and the monitoring efficiency improved. Consequently, these two models could provide an important theoretical basis for the establishment of an efficient and low-cost automatic monitoring scheme for swine breeding sewage.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biochemical oxygen demand - Chemical detection - Correlation methods - Costs - Dissolved oxygen - Efficiency - Electric conductivity - Hydrogen - Industrial water treatment  - Laboratories - Mammals - Nitrogen - Phosphorus - Polynomial regression - Quality control - Regression analysis - Sewage - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Breeding wastewaters - Coefficient of determination - Electrical conductivity - Environmental pollutions - Linear regression models - Multivariate regression models - Polynomial regression models - Residual sum of squares
Classification code:445.1.2  Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use - 445.2  Water Analysis - 452.1  Sewage - 453  Water Pollution - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20200908248775
Title:Effect of electric field on flow boiling pressure drop characteristics of R141b in microchannel
Title of translation:&#30005;&#22330;&#23545;&#24494;&#32454;&#36890;&#36947;&#20869;R141b&#21046;&#20919;&#21058;&#27969;&#21160;&#27832;&#33150;&#21387;&#38477;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Luo, Xiaoping (1); Peng, Zizhe (1); Liu, Qian (1); Guo, Feng (1); Zhang, Jinxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:257-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Microchannel heat exchanger is highly efficient in heat exchange due to its microscopic structure and large heat exchange surface area ratio. Compared with conventional heat exchanger, it not only improves heat exchange efficiency but also saves space and reduces the weight of heat dissipation equipment. In agriculture, microchannel heat dissipation technology has been widely used in cultivation, machinery, and product drying. Microchannel increases resistance to fluid flow and could thus result in an increase in energy consumption. It could also give rise to a pressure-drop oscillation affecting operation of the system. Previous work showed that electric field has a beneficial impact on heat transfer efficiency in the microchannel heat exchanger. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how different electrodes (needle type and linear types) affect pressure drop of the boiling R141b coolant when it flows in the microchannel. The pressure in the system was kept at 140 kPa, the working inlet temperature was 32.5&#8451;, the mass flow rate ranged from 277.35 to 531.75 kg/(m²&bull;s), the heat flux density ranged from 7.50 to 21.49 kW/m², the voltage ranged from 0 to 850 V, and the microchannel was rectangular with a cross section of 2 mm&times;2 mm. The results showed that the electric field under both electrodes increased the frictional pressure drop in the microchannel, compared with that without electric field. The frictional pressure drop of the two-phase along per unit length increased with both voltage and heat flux. The average two-phase frictional pressure drop along per unit length under the needle and the linear electrode was increased 0.7% to 15.4% and 1.3% to 18.7%, respectively, that without electric field. When the voltage changed from 0 to 250 V, the effect of the needle electrode on the pressure drop was greater than that of the linear electrode, while when the voltage was higher than 400 V, the effect of the linear electrode on the pressure drop was more significant. We simulated the electric field distribution in a microchannel 6 mm long using COMSOL for both electrodes. The results showed that under the same voltage, the maximum of the electric field intensity in the needle electrode was higher than that in the linear electrode, but the effective range of the electric field in the linear electrode was higher than that in the needle electrode. The results presented in this paper provide an alternative to improve performance of microchannel heat exchanger and reduce its energy consumption.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Pressure effects
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Drops - Electric fields - Electrodes - Energy utilization - Friction - Heat exchangers - Heat flux - Heat transfer - Heating equipment  - Machinery - Microchannels - Needles - Pressure drop - Refrigerants - Two phase flow
Uncontrolled terms:Electric field distributions - Electric field intensities - Frictional pressure drops - Heat exchange efficiency - Micro-channel heat exchangers - Pressure drop characteristic - Pressure drop oscillations - Two-phase frictional pressure drop
Classification code:525.3  Energy Utilization - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+00% to 1.87e+01%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 1.54e+01%, Pressure 1.40e+05Pa, Size 6.00e-03m, Surface_Power_Density 7.50e+03W/m2 to 2.15e+04W/m2, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 2.50e+02V, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 8.50e+02V, Voltage 4.00e+02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20200908248947
Title:Uniform fertilization method based on differential pressure tank
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21387;&#24046;&#24335;&#26045;&#32933;&#32592;&#30340;&#22343;&#21248;&#26045;&#32933;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Hu, Xinyu (1, 2); Yan, Haijun (1, 2); Chen, Xin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Engineering Research Center of Safety and Energy Saving Technology for Water Supply Network System, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xin(chenx@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:119-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Differential pressure tank is a widely used fertilization device in the application of fertilization in China and many other countries. However, the fertilizer concentration in the tank continuously decays with the inflow of water. The decay feature of fertilizer concentration can easily lead to excessive fertilization at the head and insufficient fertilization at the end of the irrigation system. An analytical solution was proposed in this paper to achieve uniform fertilization based on differential pressure tank with constant fertilizer concentration and flux. The relationship between the uniform fertilization analytical solution and the fertilizer continuity equation was obtained based on differential pressure tank. The analytical solution was expected to control the flux flowing into the differential pressure tank and the flux directly flowing into the irrigation system through the main pipe according to 4 parameters: Uniform fertilizer concentration, initial fertilizer concentration, the volume of differential pressure tank and the total fertilization flux of the main pipe. Based on the analytical solution, the fertilizer continuity equation and the incompressible continuity and momentum equations of water were used for describing the movement of mixture in the differential pressure tank. The numerical model for mixed water and fertilizer flow in the differential pressure tank was determined by experimental data. The fertilizer concentration simulated by numerical model was nearly uniform in the tank and the fertilizer concentration at tank outlet obtained by numerical model decayed with a negative exponential pattern as described by Feng&rsquo;s theory. The numerical simulation results directly verified the accuracy of the basis of Feng&rsquo;s theory. The differential equation was also the basis of the uniform fertilization. The mean absolute error between the differential equation and the experimental data was less than 0.041 when the boundary condition of traditional fertilization method was substituted into the differential equation, which indirectly proved the rationality of uniform fertilization method satisfying the boundary conditions of constant fertilizer concentration and flux. The analytical solution&rsquo;s feasibility in the uniform fertilization process based on differential pressure tank was simulated by the numerical model of fertilizer solution in determining the uniform fertilizer concentration and the fertilization time. The fertilizer concentration at tank outlet simulated by the numerical model decayed almost linearly and agreed with the uniform fertilization analytical solution. The fertilizer concentration simulated by the numerical model at drip irrigation system inlet was almost uniform and in agreement with the analytical solution of uniform fertilization. The relative bias of fertilizer concentration between the analytical solution and computation calculated by the numerical model was less than 15%, which verified the feasibility of uniform fertilization method based on differential pressure tank. The results showed that the application of uniform fertilization method and the uniform fertilization method could basically achieve constant fertilizer concentration and flux based on differential pressure tank. According to the actual product, the relationship between valve opening and time could be obtained in order to realize the control of valve opening process by computer. Approximately 70% to 80% of fertilizer in the normal operation was within range of the excessive or insufficient amount, whereas the uniform fertilization method could effectively avoid the waste of excessive fertilization and the lack of insufficient fertilization.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Analytical models
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Computation theory - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Pressure - Process control - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Continuity equations - Differential pressures - Drip irrigation systems - Irrigation systems - Mean absolute error - Momentum equation - Negative exponential - Uniform fertilization
Classification code:619.2  Tanks - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20200908248756
Title:Vulnerability of drought disaster of maize in China based on AquaCrop model
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;AquaCrop&#20316;&#29289;&#29983;&#38271;&#27169;&#22411;&#30740;&#31350;&#20013;&#22269;&#29577;&#31859;&#24178;&#26097;&#33030;&#24369;&#24615;
Authors:Xu, Kun (1); Zhu, Xiufang (1, 2, 3); Liu, Ying (1); Hou, Chenyao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Xiufang(zhuxiufang@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drought disaster assessment has become increasingly significant in ensuring national food security and sustainable agricultural development. Vulnerability assessment plays a significant role in disaster research area and vulnerability curve is one of the common quantitative evaluation methods in the field of vulnerability research. In this paper, using the AquaCrop model that has been calibrated city by city, we simulated the response of maize yield to different water stress and then constructed drought vulnerability curves for 5 maize planting regions in China: the north spring maize planting region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize planting region, the southwest mountain maize planting region, the south hilly maize planting region and the northwest irrigated maize planting region. In this research, firstly, 2 of 36 main crop parameters of maize were selected as sensitive parameters based on a global sensitivity analysis method, Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test. Then, AquaCrop model was calibrated city by city in 241 maize-growing cities and used to simulate the maize yield under different irrigation scenarios. Finally, we built drought vulnerability curves of 5 main maize plating regions with an improved drought hazard index construction method, which used an average value of daily drought hazard indexes instead of the commom accumulate value, thus we raised comparability of drought hazard index between different maize planting regions and took extreme drought situation into account. The results showed that: 1) The 2 most sensitive parameters to maize yield in the Aquacrop model were the crop coefficient when canopy growth was complete but prior to senescence and the reference harvest index. We finally obtain 241 groups of parameters for the 241 maize planting cities after finishing model calibration and according to the result of validation, the accuracy of the model calibration was satisfactory (R²=0.67). 2) All the 5 vulnerability curves followed an "S" shape. And we found that when the drought hazard index reached 0.2, the yield loss rate began to increase rapidly; and when it reached 0.6, the yield loss rate approached the maximum value. The R² of the fitted functions in 5 maize planting regions were 0.93, 0.86, 0.47, 0.70, 0.98, respectively. The northwest irrigated maize planting region had the highest R² and the southwest mountain maize planting region had the lowest. The drought situation was more serious in the northwest irrigated maize planting region, followed by the north spring maize planting region, the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize planting region, the south hilly maize planting region and the southwest mountain maize planting region. The research enriched case studies of the AquaCrop model and vulnerability curve construction, quantitatively explored the spatial and temporal differences in drought effects on maize yield in China and enhanced the researches on yield loss prediction. It provides valulble information for the study of drought hazard vulnerability of maize in China and has a certain practical value in the field of drought risk assessment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Crops - Disasters - Food supply - Hazards - Landforms - Risk assessment - Sensitivity analysis - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Fourier amplitude sensitivity tests - Global sensitivity analysis - Maize - Quantitative evaluation methods - Sustainable agricultural development - Vulnerability assessments - Vulnerability curves - Water stress
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921  Mathematics - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20200908248953
Title:Elastic foundation beam unified model for ice and frost damage concrete canal of water delivery under ice cover
Title of translation:&#20912;&#30422;&#36755;&#27700;&#34924;&#30732;&#28192;&#36947;&#20912;&#20923;&#30772;&#22351;&#32479;&#19968;&#21147;&#23398;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Ge, Jianrui (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2); Niu, Yonghong (2); Wang, Yi (1); Xiao, Min (3); Liu, Quanhong (1); Jiang, Haoyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety Research Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) College of Architectural Engineering, Jiangxi Science &amp; Technology Normal University, Nanchang; 330013, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhengzhong(wangzz0910@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:90-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the rapid increase of water consumption by living and industry in cities, the operation of the water-delivery canal is becoming common during the icy period in winter. However, there is still a lack of quantitative method for evaluation of freezing damage that could seriously threaten the normal operation of water-delivery canal. In this paper, the ice and frost damage of ice-covered water-delivery canal was defined as the result of the coupling effect of the static ice pressure on the lining plate and the frost heave of the canal subsoil. In this regard, this study deduced an analytical expression of internal force, stress calculation and anti-crack criterion of lining structure under operating conditions of ice cover. The process of derivation was based on elastic foundation beam theory model for no water delivery canal, and the interaction of ice thrust, ice constraint and frost heaving force of foundation were considered. Through the change of the influence coefficient of static ice load, hydrostatic pressure and the coupling coefficient of freezing load, the internal force and stress distribution of lining structure could be unified under the conditions with or without ice cover and water supply in winter, and thus a unified mechanical model of freezing damage for lining structure of water-delivery canal in cold region could be established to provide a quantitative analysis method for the freezing damage of ice-covered water-delivery canal. In order to ensure the practicability of this study, a trapezoidal lined canal of Xinjiang Manas River Diversion Hydropower Station was took as a prototype. In this area, the lowest temperature was -19^oC, the foundation soil of canal was loam, the thickness of concrete lining slope plate was 0.20 m, the concrete strength of slope plate was C20. The distribution of internal force, stress and ice pullout force of lining slabs was analyzed, and then the distribution of maximum bending moment along lining slabs and the location of dangerous section were determined with ice and frost damage. The comparative analysis of internal force and stress calculation of the 3 typical trapezoidal canal freezing damage mechanical models showed that the maximum tensile stress of the cross section was 4.186, 2.447 and 2.208 MPa, respectively. The freezing damage in the case that water delivery canal was ice-free was the most serious, and in the case that the canal of no water delivery was the lightest, while the ice-covered water delivery case was in the middle of the former 2 cases, and there was a big difference among the 3 cases, and the location of lining where freezing damage began to occur was totally different. Therefore, 3 typical operating conditions should be considered comprehensively in the anti-ice and freezing design of trapezoidal canal of water delivery in winter and security under the 3 conditions should be evaluated according to failure law and mechanical model. Based on the minor deformation hypothesis of materials, and a unified mechanical model was established here to calculate and analyze the frost heaving of canal foundation soil and ice load acting on concrete canal. In the future, mechanical model of ice and freezing damage of canal under ice cover should be researched deeply for coupling effect of ice cover life cycle. This study can provide theoretical support for the design of water-delivery canal in cold region, for effectively predicting canal frost failure under different conditions, and has important guiding significance for ensuring the normal operation of water-delivery canal.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Ice
Controlled terms:Canal linings - Canals - Concretes - Foundations - Freezing - Hydraulic structures - Hydrostatic pressure - Irrigation canals - Life cycle - Linings  - Models - Plates (structural components) - Soils - Stresses - Structural design - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical expressions - Concrete linings - Elastic foundation beam - Ice cover - Influence coefficient - Maximum bending moments - Typical operating conditions - Water delivery
Classification code:407.2  Waterways - 408.1  Structural Design, General - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 412  Concrete - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2  Foundations - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 2.21e+06Pa, Pressure 2.45e+06Pa, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20200908248861
Title:Effects of intermittent irrigation on reactive transport behavior of chlorpyrifos in paddy field
Title of translation:&#38388;&#27463;&#28748;&#28297;&#23545;&#31291;&#30000;&#27602;&#27515;&#34609;&#36801;&#31227;&#36716;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Huiyun (1, 2); Guan, Zhuo (1); Cheng, Jianhua (1, 2); Tang, Xiangyu (1); Xian, Qingsong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Xiangyu(xytang@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:214-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Intermittent irrigation is one common practice of water management in paddy field of hilly areas, and the intense alternating wet and dry process may have a significant effect on the environmental behavior of various pollutants. Based on the laboratory batch equilibrium adsorption experiment, isotherms of the insecticide chlorpyrifos and its major degradation product 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) in the cultivated layer (0-20 cm) and underlying uncultivated layers (20-50 cm) of the paddy fields of calcareous purple soil were obtained and fitted by the linear and Freundlich models. During the rice-growing season, field application of chlorpyrifos in paddy soils and continuous on-site monitoring were carried out for the observation of temporal changes in the concentration of both chlorpyrifos and TCP in the floodwater and soil pore water at different depths. The results obtained under the conditions of intermittent irrigation and continuous flooding were compared. The results showed that the adsorption isothermal data for both chlorpyrifos and TCP fitted well both models. The calculated values of Freundlich sorption capacity and linear distribution coefficient for chlorpyrifos and TCP were found higher for the cultivated soil layer than those for the uncultivated layers. For all the tested soil samples, chlorpyrifos had much higher values of Freundlich sorption capacity (in the range of 34 to 170) and linear distribution coefficient (in the range of 44 to 171) than those for TCP, which had Freundlich sorption capacity and linear distribution coefficient in the range of 0.62 to 0.67 and 0.47 to 0.78, respectively. This indicated that chlorpyrifos could be easily adsorbed to the soil and maintained in the surface soil, while TCP could easily migrate and disperse in the environment. Following the pesticide application, concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP in the floodwater decreased rapidly with time and reached to stable low levels (i.e., 10% of initial concentrations) within the first 3 and 6 days, respectively. Chlorpyrifos was mostly adsorbed in the cultivated soil layer, while TCP was mainly found in the aqueous phase of both cultivated and uncultivated layers. Both chlorpyrifos and TCP could reach the depth of 50 cm with infiltrating water via various soil macropores (e.g., cracks, worm burrows, and root channels). Irrigation method had shown an effect on their concentrations in soil pore water, with concentrations generally found lower under intermittent irrigation as compared to continuous flooding. Apparently, water movement in paddy field exerted a greater impact on the TCP concentration in soil pore water of the cultivated soil layer under intermittent irrigation. After draining out the floodwater, the TCP concentration of soil pore water at the 10 cm depth decreased rapidly and remained stable after re-irrigation; in the contrast, TCP increased steadily during the first 3 weeks following chlorpyrifos application under continuous flooding condition. In addition, rain events during the floodwater draining periods and irrigation events had resulted in the transient releases of both chlorpyrifos and TCP from the soil solid phase to the aqueous phase, followed by subsequent leaching at elevated concentrations. Such effect was found more apparent for TCP, which had a lower sorptivity than its parent compound chlorpyrifos. The marked decreases in the concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP with time in soil pore water at the depth of 10 cm during the floodwater draining periods may be attributed to the enhanced degradation of both compounds under the improved oxidative conditions. The results above have suggested that, in future research, due attention should be paid to the environmental behavior of TCP in paddy fields at lowlands of hilly areas that may pose a risk to the shallow groundwater used as drinking water source for surrounding rural residents.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Cultivation - Degradation - Floods - Groundwater - Irrigation - Potable water - Shotcreting - Soils - Transmission control protocol  - Water pollution - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:3 ,5 ,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol - Alternating wet and dries - Chlorpyrifos - Elevated concentrations - Environmental behavior - Intermittent irrigations - Paddy fields - Pesticide applications
Classification code:412  Concrete - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 453  Water Pollution - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-02yr, Age 5.75e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 5.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20200908248872
Title:Regulation for energy-saving operation of energy supply system in plant factory with energy-storage ground-source heat pump
Title of translation:&#33988;&#33021;&#22411;&#22320;&#28304;&#28909;&#27893;&#24335;&#26893;&#29289;&#24037;&#21378;&#20379;&#33021;&#31995;&#32479;&#33410;&#33021;&#36816;&#34892;&#35843;&#25511;
Authors:Shi, Huixian (1); An, Wenting (1); Xu, Detian (1); Tian, Qinyu (1); Zhang, Zhonghua (1); Ren, Yike (1); Ouyang, Sanchuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:245-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Groundwater source heat pumps have high efficiency and environmental protection in greenhouse temperature control. Most importantly, the operating energy consumption can be further reduced if the water storage technology were combined. Although the energy storage type ground source heat pump plant factory energy supply system avoids the problems of low primary energy utilization and serious pollution in traditional fossil energy supply, it currently lacks long-term operating experience. This study takes Shanghai Chongming Natural Light Plant Factory as an example to optimize the energy-saving operation of the energy storage groundwater source heat pump energy supply system. The total area of the plant factory is 21 000 square meters, which is divided into three areas A, B and C. The 7 greenhouses in area A use an energy storage groundwater source heat pump air-conditioning system with an area of 5 880 square meters. The greenhouse uses two cylindrical concrete storage tanks, of which the volume of the thermal storage tank is 400 cubic meters and the diameter is 7.65 meters; the volume of the cold storage tank is 600 cubic meters and the diameter is 9.29 meters. The plant factory has 2 hot water wells and 2 cold water wells. In winter, water was drawn from the 2 hot water wells and passed through a convection plate heat exchanger to exchange heat with the cold water flowing from the cold water tank. The low-temperature water after the heat exchange was pumped back by pressure fill 2 cold water wells. Under typical operating conditions in winter, the output temperature of hot water wells was basically maintained at 16-20&#8451;.The inlet water temperature of cold water wells remained stable at about 7&#8451;, and the pumping flow of hot water wells was maintained at about 40 m³/h. According to the statistics of the operating parameters of the heat pump in the first quarter, it could be concluded that the four output water temperatures and input water temperatures of the heat pump remain stable, and the heat pump operated normally during the heating season. The power consumption of the heat pump in the first quarter was 208 559.5 kWh. Among them, the power consumption in January was 83 525.9 kWh, February was 76 673.3 kWh, and March was 48 360.3 kWh; the total heat output to the greenhouse and hot water tank was 3 542.7 GJ, of which 1 445.9 GJ was output in January and 1 258.6 GJ was output in February. In March, the heat output was 838.2 GJ; in the first quarter, the total heat pump operation was 1 322.8 h, including 557.7 h in January, 454.4 h in February, and 310.7 h in March. After research, there are three unreasonable operating conditions of the system: A. The heat pump continued to supply heat when the plant factory heat load s negative; B. The heat pump output excessive heat to the hot water storage tank; C. The heat pump was still running during peak hours. After optimization and control, to avoid the A operation, the heat pump could finally reduce the output energy by 21.55 GJ in the first quarter, which could reduce the power consumption by 1 012.50 kWh, which could save 747 yuan when converted to electricity price; to avoid the B operation, set the upper limit of hot water charge rate at 85% in the first quarter, which can reduce the output of 97.2 GJ energy under the premise of ensuring that the heat pump is fully powered by the plant factory; to avoid the C operation, to avoid the C operation, assuming that the heat pump was used during the price trough, the total output energy of the heat pump was unchanged. Transferring the heat of the heat pump 140.25 GJ in the first quarter to the parity stage output could save 5 530 yuan, and the total power at this time was 8 654.07 kWh, at this time, the total amount of electricity was 8 654.07 kWh. By optimizing the operation process of the natural light plant factory's energy supply system, energy saving and consumption reduction can be achieved, and economic operation can be achieved.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Cold storage - Electric energy storage - Electric power utilization - Energy conservation - Energy storage - Energy utilization - Enthalpy - Greenhouses - Groundwater  - Heat pump systems - Heat storage - Heating - Pumps - Temperature - Water tanks - Water wells
Uncontrolled terms:Energy saving and consumption reductions - Energy-saving operation - Groundwater source heat pump - Inlet water temperatures - Operating energy consumption - Optimization and control - Plant factory - Typical operating conditions
Classification code:444.2  Groundwater - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 525  Energy Management and Conversion - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643.3  Air Conditioning - 644.3  Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Energy 1.40e+11J, Energy 2.16e+10J, Energy 2.59e+11J, Energy 4.46e+11J, Energy 5.43e+11J, Energy 9.72e+10J, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Size 9.29e+00m, Time 1.12e+06s, Time 1.16e+06s, Time 1.64e+06s, Time 2.01e+06s, Volume 4.00e+02m3, Volume 6.00e+02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20200908248869
Title:Antioxidantion and composition analysis of purified polygonatum sibiricum polyphenols using macroporous resin
Title of translation:&#22823;&#23380;&#26641;&#33026;&#32431;&#21270;&#40644;&#31934;&#22810;&#37210;&#21450;&#20854;&#25239;&#27687;&#21270;&#24615;&#19982;&#32452;&#25104;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wu, Yonghua (1); Zhang, Jianping (1); Zhao, Jiechang (1); Chen, Anhui (1); Shao, Ying (1); Liu, Enqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Food Resource Development and Quality Safe, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou; 221018, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Enqi(xiaoyaohai777@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:318-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Polygonatum sibiricum becomes generally used as a sort of traditional medicinal herbs for thousands of years in China. This herbs contains a large number of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, to cure many physiological functions including antioxidant, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-cancer etc. This present work focused on the purification processing of the raw Polygonatum polyphenols by using the specific macroporous resin. A sort of resin, named AB-8, was chosen as the ideal adsorbent due to the best adsorption and the desorption rate for Polygonatum polyphenols, after the comparison test for the adsorption-desorption characteristics of four different types of resins (AB-8, NKA-9, SP-825 and XAD-2) for crude Polygonatum polyphenols. In the static/dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments, the sample concentration, flow velocity of samples, ethanol concentration and flow velocity of desorption showed great influence on the macroporous resin in the process of separating and purifying the Polygonatum polyphenols. The ideal purification parameters for the resin of AB-8 were as follows, at room temperature, the concentration of crude polyphenol was 0.80 mg/mL with the flow velocity of 0.8 mL/min, and 70% ethanol was used as the eluent solvent with the elution flow rate of 1 mL/min. The Folin-phenol reagent method was adopted to determine the total phenol content during the purification. The results showed that the purity of Polygonatum polyphenols after purification by AB-8 resin increased by 3.37 times than the crude polyphenol extract indicating that AB-8 resin has great adsorption and enrichment effect for Polygonatum polyphenols. The total reduction capacity, scavenging capacity of DPPH&bull; and ABTS⁺&bull; were measured to investigate the antioxidant capacity of crude and purified Polygonatum polyphenols. The obtained results showed that Polygonatum polyphenols possessed good antioxidant capacity with the dose-effect relationship. IC<inf>50</inf> values of total reduction capacity of Polygonatum polyphenols before and after purification were (27.48+1.93) &mu;g/mL, (19.01+1.48) &mu;g/mL, IC<inf>50</inf> values of DPPH&bull; scavenging activities were (5.21+0.48) &mu;g/mL, (4.00+0.26) &mu;g/mL, and IC<inf>50</inf> values of ABTS⁺&bull; scavenging activities were (4.89+0.82) &mu;g/mL and(4.21&plusmn;0.53) &mu;g/mL, respectively. Obviously, the antioxidant activity of Polygonatum polyphenols was significantly enhanced after purification. The infrared spectrum and HPLC were also used to analyze the structure characteristics and compositions of the purified products. The characteristic peaks of some polyphenols and flavones can be detected, where Polygonatum polyphenols mainly contains green source acid, ferulic acid, rutin and ursolic acid. The present study can provide a scientific basis for the structure-activity analysis of Polygonatum polyphenols and their promising utilization in the functional food, medicine and cosmetics.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Purification
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Antioxidants - Desorption - Ethanol - Flow velocity - Organic solvents - Phenols - Plants (botany) - Resins
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption and desorptions - Anti-oxidant activities - Composition analysis - Dose-effect relationships - Physiological functions - Polygonatum sibiricum - Polyphenols - Structure characteristic
Classification code:631  Fluid Flow - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 8.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 7.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20200908248885
Title:Characteristics of soil wind erosion in new reclaimation land of Mu Us sandy land, China
Title of translation:&#27611;&#20044;&#32032;&#27801;&#22320;&#26032;&#22438;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756;&#39118;&#34432;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Zhou, Yanguang (1); Wu, Zifeng (1); Hu, Rina (1); Li, Hongyue (1); Wang, Zhuoran (1); Hasi, Eerdun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Hasi, Eerdun(hasi@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:138-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil wind erosion is the main cause of land degradation in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China, which is mainly affected by surface type, climate and so on. Strong soil wind-erosion will not only accelerate regional desertification and influence the quality of human life, but also cause serious ecological and environmental problems. Since the 2000 s, our country has gradually strengthened the control of land desertification and carried out a series of sand control works, which effectively improved the overall ecological environment of the sandy land. But in recent years, there are some common phenomenon that extensive grassland and brushland was turned into cultivated land in the southeast and southwest of Mu Us sandy land. However, in the dry and windy winter or spring, these new reclaimation land is usually so exposed that it is vulnerable to suffer from strong wind erosion. Therefore, it is great significance to study the characteristics of soil wind erosion in new reclaimation land and find out the control methods. Based on the above question, this paper selected the southern part of Mu Us sandy land (38&deg;05&rsquo;27&Prime;-38&deg;13&rsquo;58&Prime;N, 107&deg;24&rsquo;28&Prime;-107&deg;37&rsquo;30&Prime;E) as the research area, as well as set up 5 observation points on different surfaces, which were represented respectively by A, B, C, D and E. Point A was on the brushland, point B was on the middle of the grassland, and other three points were respectively on different parts of the cultivated land. On the day with strong wind activity, 12 groups simultaneous observation of wind and sand were made at these 5 points (A, B, C, D, E), with each observation time at least 20 minutes. After these observations, the material of the sand samplers were weighed with an electronic balance of 1/1 000, and the material of surface and sand samplers on cultivated land were analyzed by Mastersizer2000 Laser Particle Size Analyzer. The results showed that the soil wind erosion intensity increased exponentially after grassland and shrubland were cultivated; on cultivated land, with the increase of height, the sediment transport rate decreases with exponential function within 0-10 cm height and power function within 10-20 cm height. Due to the height of the sand collector used in this paper is 20cm, lower than the height of the sand flow layer. In order to obtain the total sediment transport rate of the surface of the cultivated land, this paper must calculate it through the function simulation obtained from the above result. After calculating the total sediment transport rate, fitting it with the wind speed. We found that the total sediment transport rate has a good power function relationship with the wind speed in the cultivated land with sufficient erodibility particles. Based on the formula of the relationship between wind speed and total sediment transport rate, as well as the wind speed data of the meteorological stations in the region, the wind erosion modulus of the new reclaimation land can be preliminarily calculated. The result shows that the wind erosion modulus of the new reclaimed land is 9 657 t/(km²&bull;a). Through the results obtained in this paper, combined with the former research results, this paper argues that the emergence of new reclaimed land has an important impact on regional desertification, and its area should be used as an important index when evaluating regional desertification. Meanwhile, Controlling cultivated land area, establishing windbreak and sand fixation forest, as well as retaining stubble at a certain height can effectively control soil wind erosion in newly reclaimed land.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Climatology - Ecology - Electronic scales - Erosion - Exponential functions - Land use - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Reclamation - Sand  - Sediment transport - Sedimentation - Soil quality - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Ecological environments - Environmental problems - Laser particle size analyzer - Meteorological station - Sand flux - Sediment transport rate - Simultaneous observation
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443  Meteorology - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 921  Mathematics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Time 1.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20200908248960
Title:Ammonia volatilization from winter wheat cropland in Northern China based on a literature analysis
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#25991;&#29486;&#20998;&#26512;&#30340;&#21271;&#26041;&#20908;&#40614;&#30000;&#27688;&#25381;&#21457;&#29305;&#24615;
Authors:Kang, Fei (1); Meng, Fanqiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Fanqiao(mengfq@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northern China is the main intensive agricultural area for winter wheat-summer maize production in China. In the past 30 years, chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer was the main source of N input in the farmland ecosystem and plays a key role in crop production and soil quality. Due to the excessive application of chemical N fertilizer and frequent irrigation, fertilizer N usage efficiency was low and was also lost into the environment and this caused many negative environmental pollutions. Among the fates of fertilizer N applied, ammonia volatilization was an important gaseous N loss, and it was one of the main sources of atmospheric ammonia and significantly contributed to the formation of atmospheric pollutant PM<inf>2.5</inf>. Besides, compared with the acid soil in southern China, the proportion of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soil after N fertilization in northern China was higher. In the past, although many experimental studies have been carried out on ammonia volatilization in northern China Plain, few have systematically investigated the relationship between ammonia volatilization and fertilizer N used, and the efficacies of different ammonia collection methods, i.e., sponge absorption method and vacuum suction method. In this study, the works of literature on ammonia volatilization during the winter wheat season in northern China published from 1980 to 2018 were collected and the methods of regression analysis and T-test were adopted. Among the 31 papers collected in this study, 17 adopted the sponge absorption method and 14 adopted the vacuum suction method to measure the ammonia volatilized after N fertilization during the winter wheat season. The results showed that under farmer&rsquo;s conventional N fertilization level, the cumulative total ammonia and net ammonia volatilization was exponentially (y=2.64e^{0.006 6x})and power-functionally(y=0.004 8x^{1.358 9}) correlated with the fertilized N rate, respectively. Correspondingly, the average proportion of net ammonia volatilization to total chemical N applied was (6.27&plusmn;0.98)%. Under the same N rate at the basal and topdressing stages, the corresponding ammonia volatilization was 58.7% and 41.3% of the total ammonia volatilization in the whole wheat season, indicating the higher contribution of N volatilization at the basal stage, and the importance of mitigation the ammonia volatilization for winter wheat season. At the fertilization rate of 180 kg/hm² during the winter wheat season, the ammonia volatilization determined by the vacuum suction method and the sponge absorption method was similar. At the fertilization rate of &lt;180 kg/hm², the ammonia volatilization determined by the sponge absorption method was 0-5% higher than that of the vacuum suction method and at 180-400 kg/hm², the vacuum suction method was 0-6.9% higher than that of the sponge absorption method, although the statistic differences between these two methods were not significant. This study also found the priming effect of the ammonia volatilization due to chemical N fertilization was 21.8%&plusmn;3.57%; the net ammonia volatilization determined without considering of priming effect was significantly higher than that determined with considering of priming effect. The mitigation of ammonia volatilization in the winter wheat season should focus on optimizing the N fertilization rate, mainly at the basal fertilization stage, and combined with other farming measures such as drip irrigation and soil mulching). During the field study of ammonia volatilization caused by chemical N fertilization, the priming effect and the overestimate of ammonia volatilization should not be neglected. Differences of NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization via the sponge absorption method and the vacuum suction method should also be taken into consideration.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Ammonia
Controlled terms:Atmospheric chemistry - Crops - Cultivation - Ecosystems - Irrigation - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pollution - Regression analysis - Soil quality
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia volatilization - Atmospheric pollutants - Environmental pollutions - Fertilization period - Literature analysis - Northern China Plains - Vacuum suction - Winter wheat
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 5.00e+00%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 6.90e+00%, Percentage 4.13e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20200908248839
Title:Speed changing control strategy for improving tractor fuel economy
Title of translation:&#25552;&#39640;&#29123;&#27833;&#32463;&#27982;&#24615;&#30340;&#25302;&#25289;&#26426;&#21464;&#36895;&#25511;&#21046;&#31574;&#30053;
Authors:Zhang, Mingzhu (1, 3); Wang, Jiezhong (1); Wang, Jianhua (4); Guo, Zhanzheng (2); Guo, Fuqiang (4); Xi, Zhiqiang (2); Xu, Jiajun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) Advanced Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment Henan Collaborative Innovation Center, Luoyang; 471003, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Power System of Tractor, Luoyang; 471003, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:82-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to realize the optimal fuel economy of tractors equipped with hydro-mechanical continuously variable transmission (HMCVT), the speed changing control strategy of tractors was studied based on the analysis of the influence of the engine and HMCVT on the tractor&rsquo;s fuel economy. For the tractors binary adjusted by engine and HMCVT, brake specific fuel consumption and HMCVT transmission efficiency have great changes at different work points. Based on the characteristic, the paper put forward a kind of control strategy of optimal fuel economy which take the ratio of brake specific fuel consumption g<inf>e</inf> to HMCVT transmission efficiency &eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index. A load feedback control principle of tractors was designed to ensure stable driving of tractors under any target speed and improve operational quality. The optimal engine speed, torque and HMCVT speed ratio of tractors at any working point in the load characteristic field were calculated by using the parameter cycle algorithm, which ensured the engineering realization of the optimal fuel economic control strategy of tractors under the dual coordinated regulation. The results showed that the distribution of the optimal speed ratio appeared in the form of terraced field. The optimal speed ratio of the platform part corresponded to the working state of the pure mechanical drive of HMCVT. At this time, HMCVT was at the highest efficiency point. The distribution percentage of optimal speed ratio reached 72.84% when transmission efficiency of HMCVT was higher than 0.92, and reached 54.16% when transmission efficiency was higher than 0.94. This meant that HMCVT mainly worked at high-efficiency area under the control strategy of optimal fuel economy. Compared with unary regulation which took g<inf>e</inf> or g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index and the binary regulation which take g<inf>e</inf> as the index, the tractor fuel consumption was obviously reduced. The surface of g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> was smoother, which was more suitable for the complex working environment of tractors. Under the control of the optimal strategy of fuel economy, the working point proportion of the low fuel consumption area in the whole load characteristic field was 3.03, 1.27 and 1.20 times as great as the other three speed changing control strategies; while the proportion of high fuel consumption area was 0.183, 0.299 and 0.439 times as few as the other three control strategies. It showed that tractor was more likely to work in lower fuel consumption state, when it worked stably at a certain target speed. The research suggested that the optimal fuel economic speed changing control strategy of tractors with g<inf>e</inf>/&eta;<inf>b</inf> as the index can improve the fuel economy of tractors under any working condition. The results lay a foundation for the realization of the control strategy of the follow-up engineering and the test verification.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fuel economy
Controlled terms:Brakes - Efficiency - Engines - Fuels - Quality control - Speed - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Transmissions - Variable speed transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Brake specific fuel consumption - Continuously variable transmission - Control strategies - Engineering realizations - Load characteristics - Low fuel consumption - Operational quality - Transmission efficiency
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 602  Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 663.1  Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20200908248821
Title:Performance index simulation and analysis of peanut ventilation drying in barrel-shaped fixed bed
Title of translation:&#31570;&#29366;&#22266;&#23450;&#24202;&#33457;&#29983;&#36890;&#39118;&#24178;&#29157;&#24615;&#33021;&#25351;&#26631;&#27169;&#25311;&#19982;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Yan, Jianchun (1, 2); Wei, Hai (1, 2); Xie, Huanxiong (1, 2); You, Zhaoyan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Sino-USA Laboratory of Peanut Production Engineering Technology, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Huanxiong(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:292-302
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical drying become gradually used to reduce post-harvest losses of peanuts because the conventional sun-drying facilities cannot meet the requirements of peanuts drying in China. A barrel-shaped fixed bed drying, a kind of economical and practical dry method, which can be effectively suitable for the specific conditions in Chinese rural production. However, there are few reported on the parameters of structure and ventilation associated with the barrel-shaped fixed bed. In order to obtain the drying mechanism and operating performance, a set of partial differential equation models were proposed for peanut drying in the barrel-shaped fixed bed, indicating the heat- and mass transfer relationships between peanut pods and medium air during the processing of mechanical drying. Then, a fully discretized physical model was established for the computer simulation. This model could also be used to calculate the moisture content and temperature of the peanut material layers, as well as the humidity and temperature of air medium in the real-time state during the peanut drying, specifically including the time consumption, unevenness distribution, productivity and energy consumption in the per unit mass during operation simulation for each running of peanut drying. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Between test- and simulation values, the correlation coefficients of the average moisture content for the outer, middle and inner of peanut material layers were 0.997, 0.995 and 0.998, respectively, whereas the correlation coefficients of the temperature for the outer, middle and inner of peanut material layers were 0.995, 0.979 and 0.991, respectively. The changing mechanism was therefore established to analyze the moisture and temperature distribution on the peanut-pods bed during drying process. The ventilation volumes per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface, external diameter and inner diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed were also analyzed according the previous four drying indexes(drying time consumption, productivity, energy consumption per unit mass, drying unevenness). The calculated results showed that the starting time of drying and drying rate of the inner materials layers were lagged due to the decrease in the temperature of air medium, while the increase in the relative humidity, compared with the outer layers in the peanut drying. However, the drying delay of the inner materials was well relieved as the increase of the ventilation volume per unit area along the ventilating direction, whereas the drying evenness of the barrel-shaped fixed bed decreased significantly as the increase of the ventilation volume per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface, but the productivity and the energy consumption per unit mass increased significantly. The productivity of peanuts would be increased, while the energy consumption per unit mass of the batch drying would be reduced as the increase in the external diameter or decrease in the inner diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed, but the distribution of the peanut moisture contents after drying operation was still remained unclear during this time. Therefore, the uniform design simulation test and synthetical weighted mark method were used to obtain the optimal structure- and ventilation parameters. The simulated results demonstrated that the optimal drying condition was achieved, where the external diameter of the barrel-shaped fixed bed was 2.75m, the internal diameter was 0.935m, and the ventilation volume per unit area of the outer cylindrical surface was 0.36 m³/(m²s). At this time, the drying time consumption was 39.2 h, the productivity was 86.55 kg/h, the energy consumption per unit mass was 5.87&times; 10⁶ J/kg, and the drying unevenness was 1.54%. These findings can therefore provide systematically technical support to the design and optimization of the barrel-shaped fixed bed for peanuts drying.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Energy utilization - Heat transfer performance - Mass transfer - Moisture - Moisture determination - Oilseeds - Productivity - Structural design - Structural optimization - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Correlation coefficient - Fixed box - Humidity and temperatures - Partial differential equation models - Peanut - Simulation - Simulation and analysis
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 643.5  Ventilation - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.40e-02kg/s, Percentage 1.54e+00%, Size 2.75e+00m, Size 9.35e-01m, Time 1.41e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20200908248833
Title:Effects of acid treatment conditions on pyrolysis characteristics of corn stovers
Title of translation:&#26377;&#26426;&#37240;&#22788;&#29702;&#26465;&#20214;&#23545;&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#28909;&#35299;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhou, Zhen (1); Xiang, Ruilong (1); Tian, Hong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Regenerative Energy Electric-Technology of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science &amp; Technology, Changsha; 410114, China
Corresponding author:Tian, Hong(tianh1103@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:266-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass pyrolysis is an important way for converting biomass to high-value products. It is significant to improve the quality of biomass pyrolysis products through pretreatment. Acid washing is one of the key technologies to effectively remove alkali metals and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) from biomass. In this paper, acetic acid was used as the washing solution, K⁺ was used as research objects, and pyrolysis experiments of corn straw were carried out by thermogravimetric and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The study of the effects of different acid washing concentration (3%, 5%, 7%), acid washing temperature (25, 50, 75&#8451;)and acid washing time (1, 2, 3 h) on the pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw were conducted. The results showed that the K⁺ can be effectively removed by acid washing, and as the acid washing concentration, acid washing temperature and acid washing time increase, the removal efficiency is higher, at the acid washing time is three hours, the K⁺ content reaches a minimum of 39.49 mg/kg. The TG and DTG curves of pretreated corn straw moved to a high temperature range, and the peaks caused by the degradation of hemicellulose in the DTG curve of pretreated corn straw reduced. Meanwhile, the maximum pyrolysis weight loss rate increases in parallel with the increase of washing concentration and washing temperature, but the trend of increase goes first and then it decreases with the growing of washing time, finally it reaches a maximum value of 15.49 %/min when the acid washing temperature was 75&#8451;. At the same times, the pyrolysis kinetics results show that, after acid washing under different conditions, the pyrolysis activation energy and frequency factor of the samples were increased compared with the original sample. With the increase of acid washing concentration and temperature, the sample pyrolysis activation energy and frequency factor gradually increased, but too long acid washing time had a negative effect on the sample activation energy and frequency factor. What is more, the main products of pyrolysis of corn straw were phenols, ketones and furan compounds. After corn straw was pretreated by acid washing, the yield of phenol substances increased significantly and gradually increased with the increase of acid washing concentration. When acid washing concentration was 7%, the maximum yield reached 16.75%. However, the yields of ketones and furan compounds decreases, and gradually decreased with the increase of acid washing concentration, reaching the minimum values of 0.10% and 7.13% at an acid washing time of one hour and an acid washing concentration of 7%, respectively. For the carbon yield, when the temperature is lower than 361&#8451;,the yield of acid-washed carbon is higher than the original samples. When the temperature is higher than 361&#8451;,the yield of the acid-washed carbon is decreased, and reached the minimum value when the acid washing time is two hours, but increasing the acid washing time had little effect on the yield of carbon. To study the effects of different treatment conditions of organic acid on the pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw is useful to find a good way for the selection of acid solution in biomass pretreatment.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Washing
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Acids - Activation energy - Biomass - Carbon - Gas chromatography - Ketones - Organic pollutants - pH - Phenols  - Pyrolysis - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Acetic acid concentration - Acid washing - Biomass pre treatments - High temperature range - Pyrolysis characteristics - Pyrolysis experiments - Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry - Removal efficiencies
Classification code:801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 7.13e+00%, Time 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20200908248862
Title:Feasibility comparison and optimization on a loop-heat-pipe type PV/T heat pump water heating system in different climatic regions
Title of translation:&#20809;&#20239;-&#29615;&#36335;&#28909;&#31649;/&#28909;&#27893;&#28909;&#27700;&#31995;&#32479;&#22312;&#19981;&#21516;&#27668;&#20505;&#21306;&#24615;&#33021;&#23545;&#27604;&#19982;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Li, Hong (1); Wang, Meifang (1); Zhang, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:252-256
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, energy performance of a loop-heat-pipe (LHP) type solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) heat pump water heating system is studied to evaluate its feasibility in three different climatic regions. A mathematic model of this system in our former study is built and validated using outdoor test data. On the basis of this model, influences of main structural design parameters including the installation angle and the orientation of the PV/T collector/evaporator are discussed and main parameters are optimized to further improve system operation performance. Based on optimal design parameters, economic feasibility of the proposed system under different weather conditions is analyzed using the life cycle cost (LCC) method. The system is integrated with solar PV/T, loop heat pipe and solar assisted air source heat pump technologies. This combined approach is benefit for improving solar energy comprehensive application efficiency of conventional solar PV/T systems. Moreover, it enlarges the application region of traditional air source heat pump water heating systems. Depending on different solar radiation conditions, this system can operate in different modes including solar photovoltaic LHP mode, solar assisted air source heat pump mode and the only air source heat pump mode. In this study, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou were selected as typical representative cities in cold area, hot summer and cold winter area, hot summer and warm winter area. Typical meteorological year (TMY) data of three cities were extracted from TRNSYS. Based on TMY data, annual operation performance of the proposed system is calculated through the validated dynamic mathematic model. Firstly, PV/T collector/evaporators of three systems are all fixed in the south direction and the same installation angle (35&deg;) was chosen. In this case, annual net power consumptions and solar heating fractions of three systems are calculated and compared. Then installation angles and orientations are optimized to ensure maximum solar energy application. The investigation results show that, among three cities, the solar heating fraction in Guangzhou is the largest. And the least electricity is consumed in Guangzhou, which is decreased by 43.9% and 44.7% respectively compared with those in Beijing and Shanghai. The comprehensive photothermal efficiency in Guangzhou is 8.19%, 5.58% higher than those in Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, from the view of solar energy comprehensive efficient utilization, the application of the system is most proposed in Guangzhou, and then followed by Shanghai and Beijing. Considering impacts of installation angles and orientations, the ideal installation inclination of the system in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are 35&deg;, 25&deg;, and 35&deg;, and the optimal installation directions of Beijing and Shanghai are facing the south, while that of Guangzhou is 30&deg;east to the south. With the optimal parameters, it is found that solar heating fractions in Beijing and Guangzhou (i.e. 57.42% and 58.45%) are slightly higher than that in Shanghai. It is concluded that influences of two structural parameters are different for such system in different climatic areas. To ensure maximal solar energy application, it was necessary to optimize these two parameters. For the life cycle cost analysis, a traditional air source heat pump hot water heating system is chosen as the base system. The analysis results indicate that the initial investment of the system increases significantly, which is 2.5 times of that of the base system. However, the annual power consumption of the system is about half of that of the traditional system. Besides, solar power supply fractions in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are 53%, 51% and 66% respectively. As a result, the total operation and maintenance fees in the life cycle drop significantly, which are reduced by 67.86%, 59.00%, and 62.21% in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. The life cycle cost is correspondingly reduced by 58.75%, 49.83% and 53.09% in three cities. In conclusion, the application of this system is feasible for considered weather conditions in terms of both the operating performance and economic benefits.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air source heat pumps
Controlled terms:Cost benefit analysis - Costs - Economics - Efficiency - Electric power systems - Electric power utilization - Heat pipes - Heating equipment - Hot water distribution systems - Hot water heating  - Installation - Investments - Life cycle - Meteorology - Pumps - Solar collectors - Solar concentrators - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar power generation  - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Heat pumps - Hot summer and cold winters - Operation and maintenance - Operation performance - Optimal design parameters - Structural design parameters - Typical meteorological year
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 615.2  Solar Power - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 643.1  Space Heating - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1  Production Engineering - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.39e+01%, Percentage 4.47e+01%, Percentage 4.98e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+01%, Percentage 5.58e+00%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 5.85e+01%, Percentage 5.88e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 6.22e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 6.79e+01%, Percentage 8.19e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20200908248959
Title:Effects of rinsing and mashing on physical and chemical properties of myosin in sea bass
Title of translation:&#28418;&#27927;&#21644;&#26025;&#25292;&#23545;&#28023;&#40072;&#40060;&#32908;&#29699;&#34507;&#30333;&#29702;&#21270;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Lin, Wanling (1, 2); Liu, Fangfang (1, 3); Li, Laihao (1); Wu, Yanyan (1); Yang, Shaoling (1); Huang, Hui (1); Yang, Xianqing (1); Lin, Zhi (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou; 510300, China; (2) School of Life Sciences and Food Technology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou; 521041, China; (3) College of Food Sciences &amp; Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (4) Guangdong Shun Xin Ocean Fishery Group Co., Ltd., Yangjiang; 529800, China
Corresponding author:Li, Laihao(laihaoli@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:310-317
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The physicochemical properties, such as total sulfhydryl (T-SH) group, active sulfhydryl (R-SH) group, surface hydrophobicity and turbidity, were determined for the myosin that extracted separately from the raw materials, rinsed- and simmer surimi in sea bass, while the secondary structure and surface morphology of the myosin were analyzed using the combined techniques including the infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results showed that the content of total sulfhydryl (T-SH) groups in the myosin of the rinsed surimi decreased by 19.5% from 8.51 to 6.85 mol/10⁵ g, whereas the active sulfhydryl group increased by 63.9% from 1.39 to 3.86 mol/10⁵ g, compared with the raw materials. The content of total sulfhydryl (T-SH) and active sulfhydryl (R-SH) groups in the myosin of the simmer surimi decreased to 5.3 and 1.28 mol/10⁵ g compared with the raw materials, indicating decrease by 22.6% and 66.8%, respectively. The ratio of the active sulfhydryl (R-SH) to the total sulfhydryl (T-SH) group in the myosin of the rinsed surimi is the largest than others, inferring that the myosin of the rinsed surimi can be the most deformed in this case. The turbidity and surface hydrophobicity, the indictor for the aggregation and degree of denaturation in proteins, in the myosin of the surimi increased after the treatment of rinsing and simmering. Specifically, the turbidity of the myosin in the surimi increased by 12.5% after rinsing and 22.2% after simmering, compared with raw materials, whereas the surface hydrophobicity increased by 47.9% after rinsing and 5% after simmering. The data reveal that the treatment of the rinsing and simmering can significantly affect the denaturation and aggregation of proteins in the varying level. The rinsing has a greater influence on the surface hydrophobicity, while the mixing effect has a greater influence on the turbidity. The simmering can cause the slight aggregation of the myosin to form a sort of microgel. There was a much more obvious effect of the rinsing on the secondary structure of the myosin. In Fourier transform of the infrared spectroscopy the &alpha;-helix relative content of the myosin that extracted can decreased by 33.16%, while the random curl relative content increased by 79.42%, &beta;-fold and &beta;-turn increased by 1.11% and 10.38%, respectively, after the rinsing of raw materials in the sea bream. After rinsing, the change rate of the secondary structure in the surimi myosin was smaller, and the &alpha;-helix and random curl content decreased by 1.16% and 7.95%, &beta;-fold and &beta;-turn increased by 4.16% and 1.92%, respectively. Generally, the decrease in the &alpha;-helix content can be conducive to the aggregation of proteins, and the increase in &beta;-sheet and &beta;-turn can be beneficial to the formation of the good gel structure. The characterized results from atomic force microscopy (FAM) showed that the myelin myosin exhibited a sort of protein bundle under the natural conditions, and the distribution of the protein bundle in the suspension was uniform without obvious granularity. Both treatment of the rinsing and simmering can change the surface morphology of the myosin in the sea bass, indicating reduce significantly the aggregation clusters of the myosin, while increase the height of the aggregates in the myosin suspension from 14 nm to 25 nm. After mixing, the height of the myosin aggregates did not change significantly. These findings demonstrate that the treatment of the rinsing and simmering have a great influence on the physicochemical properties of the myosin in rinsed and simmer surimi of the sea bass, as well as a certain effect on the degeneration and aggregation of the myosin suspension. This study can be expected to provide potential reference for the future development on the formation mechanism of surimi gel in food industry.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Proteins
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Extraction - Fish - Hydrophobicity - Infrared spectroscopy - Mixing - Monitoring - Morphology - Physicochemical properties - Surface morphology  - Turbidity
Uncontrolled terms:Combined techniques - Formation mechanism - Myosin - Natural conditions - Physical and chemical properties - Secondary structures - Sulfhydryl groups - Surface hydrophobicity
Classification code:406  Highway Engineering - 741.1  Light/Optics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+00%, Percentage 1.16e+00%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+00%, Percentage 1.95e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 2.26e+01%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+00%, Percentage 4.79e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.39e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 7.94e+01%, Percentage 7.95e+00%, Size 1.40e-08m to 2.50e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20200908248858
Title:Design and experiment of portable thermoelectric power generation system in greenhouse
Title of translation:&#28201;&#23460;&#20415;&#25658;&#24335;&#28201;&#24046;&#21457;&#30005;&#31995;&#32479;&#30340;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Wang, Lishu (1); Wang, Lijiao (1); Qiao, Shuaixiang (1); Xu, Yanlin (1); Jia, Hongdan (1); Xie, Xinze (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:235-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Greenhouses in remote areas have difficulty to access power. This paper aims to resolve this problem with a new system that can supply electricity to low-power devices such as energy-saving lamps, temperature and humidity monitoring system, digital equipment and other electrical equipment in greenhouses in remote areas. Current power supply to greenhouses uses distributed energy sources from wind and solar, which are not portable and susceptible to environmental changes. Under certain circumstances, power supplied from these systems is insufficient or even fails. As such, there is an increase in developing portable power generation systems. For example, in China, portable multi-purpose photovoltaic power generation system had been developed for agricultural production using remote-control system (programmable logic controller, PLC) to monitor pumping stations. There was also portable multi-power source power generation system to compliment wind power, solar energy and hand-cranked energy generation. Devices to generate power using the difference in temperature between human body and ambient environment exist, which are powerful enough to power LED lights. Another portable device is to generate thermal energy by burning combustibles in the field. All these portable devices have their pros and cons and the purpose of this paper is to present a new portable thermoelectric power generation system. The size of the system was 20 cm &times; 20 cm &times; 5 cm weighted 2580 grams, and its energy sources was from combusting biomass. A flat heat pipe was used for thermal conduction. We simulated performance of the system using the ANSYS, and set an experimental platform to test it. The experimental data showed that the highest temperature at the hot end of the system was 270.1&#8451;, the maximum power output was 10.7 W, and the electrical efficiency was 5.73%. The results also revealed that the system had advantages of high hot-end temperature and high thermoelectric efficiency. It can generate electricity under extreme conditions in remote areas. Numerical and experimental analysis of various inputs and outputs indicated that the system is portable, the hot end temperature is high, and the thermoelectric efficiency is high. It provides a baseline for study of portable power generation system.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Thermoelectric power
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Controllers - Digital devices - Electric power systems - Energy conservation - Greenhouses - Heat pipes - Man machine systems - Mobile power plants - Photovoltaic cells  - Portable equipment - Power generation - Remote control - Solar energy - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:Distributed energy sources - Heat conversions - Numerical and experimental analysis - Photovoltaic power generation systems - Portable - Portable power generation systems - Temperature and humidities - Temperature differences
Classification code:525.2  Energy Conservation - 615.8  Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 731.1  Control Systems - 732.1  Control Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.58e+00kg, Percentage 5.73e+00%, Power 1.07e+01W, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20200908248879
Title:Atmospheric correction method of GF-1 data based on Landsat8 product algorithm flow
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29992;Landsat8&#20135;&#21697;&#31639;&#27861;&#27969;&#31243;&#30340;&#39640;&#20998;&#19968;&#21495;&#25968;&#25454;&#22823;&#27668;&#26657;&#27491;
Authors:Zhang, Xiaoyue (1, 2, 3); Li, Linlin (2, 3); Wang, Ying (2, 3); Zhang, Qi (2, 3); Li, Guochun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang; 110166, China; (2) Liaoning Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center, Shenyang; 110166, China; (3) Liaoning Data and Application Center for High-resolution Earth Observation System, Shenyang; 110166, China; (4) College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:182-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:GF-1 satellite has the characteristics of high spatial resolution and short revisiting period, serving as the first satellite of the High-resolution Earth Observation System for National Science and Technology Major Project in China. The satellite carries two multi-spectral high-resolution cameras (panchromatic multispectral sensor, PMS) and four multi-spectral medium-resolution camera (wide field of view, WFV). GF-1 captured data play an important role in the identification of the underlying surface, and these data can be obtained free of charge from the website of the China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application. An important step for the application of GF-1 satellite data can be the interference removal of atmospheric molecules, aerosols, ozone, water vapor. The spectral response curves from Landsat8 (LC8) operational land imager(OLI) and GF-1 MSS/WFV were then analyzed in the visible and near the infrared bands. The results showed that the spectral range of LC8 OLI in the red- and near the infrared bands was relatively narrower than that of GF-1 MSS/WFV, whereas the spectral response function in the blue- and green bands was slightly different from that of GF-1 MSS/WFV, indicating that it is feasible to transplant LaSRC correction process to GF-1 MSS/WFV data. Since GF-1 satellite lacks the short-wave infrared band compared with LC8, the algorithm was modified to adapt to the characteristics of GF-1 channels. The atmospheric correction project was designed for the GF-1 satellite MSS/WFV data, including the algorithm analysis and code implement based on 6S atmospheric radiation simulation model and C++ programming language. Some parameters were used to estimate initial aerosol, including total atmospheric transmission, gaseous transmission, atmosphere spherical albedo and actual values of digital elevation model, atmospheric precipitation, ozone content. The loop calculation of the aerosol optical thickness(AOT) was carried out until the ratio between the red- and blue bands of GF-1 MSS/WFV data equal to the prescribed ratio of MODIS, according to the relationship between the blue- and the red surface reflectance known from MODIS. The results can be obtained the surface reflectance with the minimum residual error during different &Aring;ngstr&ouml;m coefficients, and retrieved the aerosols in the pixel level of GF-1 MSS/WFV data. The pixel aerosol and these parameters were then substituted into 6S model to calculate the surface reflectance. Since the project was equipped a data file containing the atmospheric precipitation and ozone content at the current day, the surface reflectance could be obtained when only inputting GF-1 MSS/PMS data. Because the data of atmospheric influence gases, such as ozone and water vapor, on the same day of the data to be corrected were sometimes difficult to identify, two schemes can be provided, one is to use the data at that time, the other is to use the daily values of ozone and water vapor in past six years instead. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on the atmospheric correction in the middle and low latitudes that covered by vegetation, such as farmland and trees, but not good effect on that of the bare land and building surface that covered by sparse vegetation. Based on 6S model and LaSRC correction process, the correlation coefficient of the atmospheric correction between GF-1 MSS/WFV and LC8 OLI was from 0.825 to 0.972, indicating a high correlation of atmospheric correction results for two satellites. WFV similar spatial resolution to that of LC8 OLI was in good agreement with that of LC8 OLI atmospheric correction compared with that of MSS. The results show that it is convenient and operable for the GF-1 satellite data atmospheric correction method using the self-estimation aerosol parameters in the pixel level based on 6S model and LaSRC process. This promising atmospheric method can be very suitable for the land surface application, such as agricultural and forestry monitoring in growing season. At present, this method has been successfully implemented on Remote Sensing data processing platform Remote Sensing Desktop (RSD) in China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Atmospheric aerosols
Controlled terms:Atmospheric radiation - C++ (programming language) - Cameras - Computer simulation languages - Computer software - Data handling - Electromagnetic wave attenuation - Image resolution - Infrared radiation - Ozone  - Pixels - Radiometers - Reflection - Remote sensing - Satellites - Transmissions - Vegetation - Water vapor
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric corrections - Atmospheric precipitation - Atmospheric transmissions - Earth observation systems - GF-1 WFV/MSS - Landsat8 OLI - LaSRC - Spectral response functions
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 602.2  Mechanical Transmissions - 655.2  Satellites - 711  Electromagnetic Waves - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 741.1  Light/Optics - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20200908248884
Title:Effects of lignin species and catalyst addition on pyrolysis products
Title of translation:&#26408;&#36136;&#32032;&#31181;&#31867;&#21644;&#20652;&#21270;&#21058;&#28155;&#21152;&#37327;&#23545;&#28909;&#35299;&#20135;&#29289;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Ma, Zhongqing (1); Wang, Junhao (1); Huang, Ming (1); Cai, Wei (1); Xu, Jialong (1); Yang, Youyou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) School of Humanities and Law, Zhejiang A&amp;F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:274-282
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), are value-added aromatic platform chemicals that have been widely used in the synthetic resin, rubber, dye, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Owing to the natural aromatic structure, lignin has a great potential to serve as starting material for the production of BTX by catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) process. In this work, four types of lignin isolated from palm kernel shell with different severities, namely milled wood lignin (MWL), alkali lignin (AL), Klason lignin (KL), and organosolv ethanol lignin (OEL) were used in lignin CFP process. First, the characteristics of zeolite catalyst (HZSM-5 with Si/Al ratio of 25) were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), automatic specific surface area and pore size distribution analyzer (BET) and automatic chemical adsorption instrument (NH<inf>3</inf>-TPD), etc. Then, the effects of lignin types and lignin/catalyst ratios (1:1,1:2,1:3, and 1:5) on the product distribution during lignin catalytic fast pyrolysis process were investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) and pyrolyzer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). Results were showed as followed: 1) Based on the structural characterization analysis of the catalyst, the crystal form of HZSM-5 was dense hexagonal crystal structure. The dominant pore size distribution in HZSM-5 was microporous, and the content of weak acid in HZSM-5 was higher than strong acid. 2) Based on the ultimate analysis of four types of lignin, MWL has the highest content of C and H elements (62.96 % and 7.24 % respectively)and highest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio of 0.67, while AL had lowest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio of 0.29 and highest O content of 44.25%, indicating that AL contains more oxygen-containing functional groups and &beta;-O-4 linkages. 3) Based on the TGA-FTIR analysis, due to the larger weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity coefficient (PDI), MWL had widest temperature range of weight loss and maximum number of weight loss peaks. But the AL residual carbon rate is the lowest, indicating that AL has the worst thermal stability and the volatiles in the AL are more converted into pyrolysis gases and liquid products. Among the four types of lignin, the release amount of small molecular weight components (H<inf>2</inf>O, CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and CO) showed an increase tendency with the increase of lignin/catalyst ratio. 4) Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the bio-oil of lignin CFP was mainly composed of S-typed phenols, G-typed phenols, P-typed phenols, C-typed phenols, and aromatics. With the increase of lignin/catalyst ratio, the content of total phenols was gradually decreased, and it was converted into aromatics by a series of deoxygenation reactions, such as the decarboxylation reaction, the decarbonylation reaction, and the breakage of ether bond. Among the four types of lignin, the highest value of effective hydrogen-carbon ratio was obtained in MWL (0.69), which made MWL a more favorable starting material for the production of BTX. MWL had the highest content of aromatics during CFP process because of its highest effective hydrogen/carbon ratio. The contents of benzene, xylene, and toluene of MWL CFP process reached their maximum values of 4.51&times;10⁷, 1.26&times;10⁸, and 8.58&times;10⁷, when the lignin/catalyst ratios were 1:5,1:3, and 1:3, respectively. The results of this work could provide basic data for the production of high value-added chemicals (BTX) from lignin by CFP.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Wood
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aromatization - Benzene - Carbon - Carboxylation - Catalysts - Chromatographic analysis - Crystal structure - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gas chromatography  - Lignin - Molecular weight - Phenols - Polydispersity - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Size distribution - Synthetic resins - Synthetic rubber - Toluene  - Xylene - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Benzene , toluene , and xylenes - Fast pyrolysis - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry - Hexagonal crystal structure - Oxygen-containing functional groups - Structural characterization - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Weight-average molecular weight
Classification code:801  Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 811.2  Wood and Wood Products - 811.3  Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815  Polymers and Polymer Science - 815.1.1  Organic Polymers - 818.2.1  Synthetic Rubber - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.3  Atomic and Molecular Physics - 933.1.1  Crystal Lattice - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.42e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20200908248952
Title:Effects of land restoration years on physical properties of rocky desertified soil in trough valley of the southeast China karst region
Title of translation:&#36864;&#32789;&#36824;&#26519;&#24674;&#22797;&#24180;&#38480;&#23545;&#23721;&#28342;&#27133;&#35895;&#21306;&#30707;&#28448;&#21270;&#22303;&#22756;&#29289;&#29702;&#24615;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Li, Jianming (1, 2, 4, 5); Wang, Zhigang (1, 2); Wang, Aijuan (3); Wang, Jiale (1, 2); Wang, Ke (1, 2); Liu, Chenxi (1, 2); Cui, Hao (1, 2); Zhang, Pingcang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute of Changjiang Water Resources Commission, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) Research Center on Mountain Torrent &amp; Geologic, Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources, Wuhan; 430010, China; (3) Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100055, China; (4) Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhigang(371381624@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:99-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Severe deforestation has caused the water loss, soil erosion (including underground leakage), and rocky desertification in the trough valleys of the southeast China Karst region, limiting local social and economic developments. Land restoration projects, such as the Grain for Green project initiated in 1999 in China, become important to improve the local ecological environment and restore vegetation. In order to evaluate the soil quality that improved by land restoration, it is necessary to examine some physical properties of the soils (such as bulk density, compactness, porosity and water content) after the periods of restoration. Here, 38 sampling sites were selected in the range of 0-10&deg; on the bedding slopes based on the remote-sensing image analysis, field investigation, and in-home personal interviews at the trough valley. The soil with thin layers on these slopes become venerable to erosion in this case. These sampling sites were divided into seven groups according to the years after the land restoration (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 45-50 a). In each sampling site, a examining pit with the depth of 30cm was dug to establish a soil profile align to the cross-section of the soil layers during the examination test. According to the depth range of the soil layer, each soil profile was divided into two layers, 0-15 and 15-30 cm. In these two layers, the compactness of soils was measured by a compaction meter before soil sampling. Soil samples were then collected from both layers by sampling rings in order to measure some physical properties of soils, such as the bulk density, porosity and water content, after field investigations. Vegetation and landforms around the sampling sites were also noted during the samples collection. This study also proposed a feasible mechanism of land restoration to promote the local environment of sampling sites in the through valley of this Karst region. Three main findings can be made from these examined results. 1) Physical properties, especially in the shallow layer of soils, were still deteriorated from the start of land restoration to the period of 15-20 a. The water contents and porosities of the soils in the shallow layer were reduced by 12.28%-14.75% and 8.79%-11.14%, respectively, whereas the bulk densities and compactness were increased by 10.06%-13.82% and 54.09%-58.43%, respectively. 2) In the period of 20-50 a, the water content and porosity of soils in the shallow layer reached 40.65% to 60.38%, respectively, indicating an increase by 24.11% to 9.06% compared with those in the period of 0-5a. In the period of 45-50 a, the bulk density and compactness of soils were 0.93 g/cm³ and 7.57 kg/cm², indicating much higher soil quality of the ecological system than that of other short periods after land restoration. The low-growing plants, such as grasses and shrubs, were dominant in the period of 0-20 a after land restoration, as well as there was no litter biomass layer on the ground surface of the soil. But in the long run, the planting species then gradually changed to an arbor-shrub-grass type. Arboreal plants flourished and the litter biomass layer appeared in the period of 40-50 a, indicating an obvious improvement of the water-retaining capacity and fertility of the soils. 3) As the soil layers in the Karst region were quite thin, there was no transition interlayer. A new methodological concept, "roasted effect", was therefore proposed in this study based on the traits of the quite thin soil layers, and it agrees with the transformation pattern of vegetation species from the shrub-grass to the arbor-shrub-grass type that occurred in the restoration period of 15-20 a. This study also demonstrates the combined effects of the ecological restoration on the dynamics mechanism of physical properties in the soil layers, particularly emphasis on the significance of the arboreal plant breeding in the entire restoration process. These findings can provide a potential theoretical guideline for further application of the ecological restoration at Karst regions in the southeast of China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Deforestation - Ecology - Erosion - Image reconstruction - Landforms - Porosity - Quality control - Remote sensing - Restoration - Soil testing  - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamics mechanisms - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Grain for green projects - Karst regions - Remote sensing images - Restoration project - Transformation patterns
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 9.30e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.01e+01% to 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.23e+01% to 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01% to 9.06e+00%, Percentage 4.06e+01% to 6.04e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+01% to 5.84e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+00% to 1.11e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Surface_Density 7.57e+04kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20200908248820
Title:Experiment and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device
Title of translation:&#20223;&#29983;&#27880;&#28082;&#27779;&#22303;&#35013;&#32622;&#24037;&#20316;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#20248;&#21270;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Zhang, Dongguang (1, 2); Zuo, Guobiao (3); Tong, Jin (4); Zhang, Zhihong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan; 030031, China; (3) Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (4) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Zhihong(zzh_0822@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:31-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, subsoiling has been proposed as an alternative means of applying fertilizer into infertile subsoils. It was believed that root growth in the subsoiled channels would be stimulated in this way, and yields would be further increased as a result of the deep-placed fertilizer and better growing conditions. Filed test results from different cultivation areas increasingly have showed that subsoil fertilization resulted in increased crop yields when compared with subsoiling alone. However, two of the disadvantages associated with sub-soil liquid fertilizer application system is the severe soil adhesion phenomenon and high draft requirement, which seriously deteriorate operating quality and restrict its field application. To optimize sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, mitigate the problems mentioned above and then extend sub-soil liquid fertilizer application, the technical approach of bionic engineering was adopted. From the perspective of natural environment, the interactions of living organisms with natural surroundings have led to the evolution of biological systems and environmental adaptabilities. Earthworms have long been acknowledged to largely contribute to the aggregate stability of soils varying in texture, carbonate, and concentration of organic matter by burrowing, foraging, and casting on the soil surface and within the soil. Earthworms can readily move in moist or adhesive soil with soil particles seldom adhering to bodies. From the perspective of bionic engineering, the excellent properties of earthworm could be used to inspire the design and optimization of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. One of the mechanisms of reducing soil adhesion for earthworms was that earthworms possess special geometrical structure on their heads and epidermis. The profile curves of earthworm head and body surface were extracted and fitted. Geometric structure surface of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device was designed based on the contour curve equations, and the structural parameters were determined. In order to explore the influence of working parameters on working resistance and soil adhesion during the operation of sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device, and to optimize its operating parameters. Eventually, in the hope of ensuring and improving the working quality of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device. In this study, the Box-Behnken experimental optimum design methods were used. The working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed were chosen as independent variable, to evaluate the effects on response values of drag-reducing and anti-soil adhesion. By building an agricultural soil tank test platform system, the field operating environment were simulated. Then, optimization tests of working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were conducted. After that, the multivariate quadratic polynomial regression equations were built. According to the relationship between the independent variable and the response value, the working parameters of the sub-soil liquid fertilizer injection device were optimized. The results showed that the regression equation model based on soil adhesion and working resistance was adequate. It was found that the working parameters of tillage depth, flow rate and speed influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion significantly. Tillage depth and speed presented interaction effects, which influenced drag resistance and soil adhesion with high significance. The significant influences of the experimental factors for drag resistance and soil adhesion were as follows: the tillage depth, speed and flow rate. The working parameters were optimized as follows: the tillage depth was 11 cm, speed was 1.0 m/s, flow rate was 350 g/s. Under the above conditions, the mean value of the drag resistance of the selected bionic prototype was 260.01 N, the mean weight of soil adhesion was 8.73 g. This study can provide technical references for the mechanization of sub-soil fertilizing engineering.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Adhesives - Biology - Bionics - Cultivation - Design - Drag reduction - Fertilizers - Flow rate - Geometry  - Liquids - Machinery - Optimization - Polynomial regression - Soil testing - Speed - Structural design - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Earthworm - Environmental adaptability - Geometrical structure - Liquid fertilizers - Multivariate quadratics - Operating environment - Structured surfaces
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 461.9  Biology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631  Fluid Flow - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.60e+02N, Mass 8.73e-03kg, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.50e-01kg/s, Size 1.10e-01m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20200908248905
Title:Electrical properties of wheat bran structural layer powder
Title of translation:&#40614;&#40632;&#32467;&#26500;&#23618;&#31881;&#20307;&#30340;&#30005;&#29305;&#24615;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Chen, Zhongwei (1, 2); Xia, Qing (1); Huang, Qingqing (1); Sun, Jun (1); Xu, Bin (1); Jiang, Song (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:303-309
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat bran is a good source for processing whole wheat food. Due to the nutrition enrichment of aleurone in wheat bran tissues, separating wheat aleurone from wheat bran could increase its potential value. Electrostatic separation (ES) is a new dry separation technology with high efficiency, low energy consumption and few waste water, based on electrical properties of materials, including corona charging, tribo-charging and dielectrophoresis. However, few studies were conducted on the dielectricity, resistivity and corona charging property of the powders from different wheat bran tissues, which are important for ES. Moreover, the influence of water content and particle size on corona charging properties of bran particles is not clear yet. To clarify the electrical properties of wheat bran tissues and the potential of ES on separating cereal bio-material, the dielectric, conductivity and corona charging properties of wheat bran powders were investigated by using bran particles with different composition, particle sizes and water content as the starting material. The results showed that, both the dielectric constant of aleurone-rich and outer-rich pericarp particles decreased with the frequency increased. When the frequency was up to 20 MHz, the dielectric constant of aleurone and outer pericarp-rich fractions finally tended to be similar. When the frequency was 300 kHz, the dielectric constant of outer pericarp-rich fractions was similar to air, while the largest difference between the relative permittivity of aleurone-rich and outer pericarp-rich particles appeared at 1.3 MHz with a ratio of 5.3. The results of resistance analysis suggested that, wheat bran powder was a good insulation material. The resistivity of aleurone-rich powder was about 2 300 M&Omega;/cm, which was five times more than that of outer pericarp-rich fraction at the same condition. The result of corona charging property indicated that, as the voltage increased, the charge amount obtained by wheat bran powders increased gradually, among which, the charge amount obtained by aleurone-rich particleswas about 1.7 times more than that of outer pericarp-rich fraction. Moreover, the charge amount obtained by wheat bran particles decreased with the increasing of water content in wheat bran, while the charge amount increased with the decreasing of the particle size of wheat bran. In brief, the electrical properties of wheat bran tissues, including aleurone and outer pericarp, were significantly different. The dielectric and conductivity of aleurone-rich particles are greater than that of outer pericarp, and the charges obtained by wheat bran particles after corona charging were greater than that of outer pericarp particles. Thus, wheat bran tissues, i.e., aleurone and outer pericarp can obtain different charge amount by tribo-charging and corona charging, then can be separated and enriched in electric field. The bran tissues can be separated by using dielectrophoresis and corona charging in theory, but some pretreatments on the particle size, water content and delivery process need to be done, to avoid adhesion and gathering between the bran particles, and finally the bran tissues can be separation and enriched efficiently by ES.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Particle size analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Electric conductivity - Electric corona - Electric fields - Electrophoresis - Electrostatic separators - Energy utilization - Histology - Particle size - Powders  - Separation - Tissue
Uncontrolled terms:Corona charging - Dielectricity - Electrostatic Separation - Insulation materials - Low energy consumption - Relative permittivity - Resistance analysis - Wheat bran
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.30e+06Hz, Frequency 2.00e+07Hz, Frequency 3.00e+05Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20200908248883
Title:Influence of middle pier lengths on hydraulic characteristic of outlet conduit in pump system with slanted extension shaft
Title of translation:&#20013;&#38548;&#22697;&#38271;&#24230;&#23545;&#26012;&#24335;&#36724;&#20280;&#27893;&#35013;&#32622;&#20986;&#27700;&#27969;&#36947;&#27700;&#21147;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Xu, Lei (1); Xia, Bin (1); Shi, Wei (2); Liu, Jun (2); Yan, Shikai (1); Lu, Linguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) The Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project Jiangsu Water Source Co., Ltd., Nanjing; 210019, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:74-81
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pump system with slanted extension shaft is one of the main pump systems in large low head pump station. In order to improve the flow pattern in the slanted outlet conduit and increase hydraulic performance of pump system, the three dimension turbulent flow field was calculated for the pump system with 20&deg; shaft extension in a large low head pump station based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and standard k-&Epsilon; turbulent model. By the method of numerical simulation, flow fields in outlet conduits were analyzed and compared for 4 kinds of calculation schemes which were straight outlet conduit without rotation, S-shaped curve outlet conduit without rotation, straight outlet conduit with rotation and S-shaped curve outlet conduit with rotation. Based on the analyses, the cause of serious bias flow in the slanted outlet conduit was analyzed. According to the influence of length of middle pier on the bias coefficient and hydraulic loss of the slanted outlet conduit, the method of solving the bias flow problem was put forward, and the fittest middle pier length was chosen, and the hydraulic performance of the pump system was tested. The research results showed that there was serious bias flow in slanted outlet conduit when the length of middle pier was 14 m. Looking from the direction of downstream flow, the main flow was obviously skewed to the left side of the slanted outlet conduit, while a large range of vortex area appeared in the lower right part of the outlet conduit, and the discharge of the left hole was obviously than that of the right hole. There was no bias flow in the straight and the S-shaped curved outlet conduits when the flow at the conduit inlet with no rotation. There was no bias flow in the straight outlet conduit while there was obviously bias flow in the S-shaped curved outlet conduit when the flow at the conduit inlet with rotation. Therefore, the flow with larger residual circumferential velocity component at the guide vane outlet enters into the S-shaped curved outlet conduit in a spiral shape was the cause of serious bias flow in the slanted outlet conduit. The results also showed that the middle pier length had a significant influence on bias coefficient and hydraulic loss of the slanted outlet conduit. When the middle pier length was 14 m, the conduit bias coefficient and hydraulic loss were large. Along with the middle pier length increased, the conduit hydraulic loss decreased firstly and then increased, the conduit bias coefficient decreased gradually. When the middle pier length was 23.35 m, the conduit bias coefficient was smaller than 1, the discharge of right side was bigger than that of left side in the outlet conduit, the main flow was skewed to the right hole. The discharge from the left and right sides of the outlet conduit is basically equal when the middle pier was lengthened to an appropriate value. The slanted outlet conduit scheme with proper extension of the middle pier length had been verified by the model test of the pump system. The efficiency of optimal operation point for the pump system with slanted extension shaft reached 80.56%, the model test results were basically the same with the numerical simulation results. The pressure values on the left and right sides were very close at corresponding time and the pressure variation trends were basically the same. These model test results indicated that the flow pattern of left and right sides were nearly the same and the expected rectification effect was achieved. The slanted outlet conduit scheme whose middle pier length was 23.35 m had been recognized by the relevant engineering design institute and applied to the engineering practice.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Piers
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Flow fields - Flow patterns - Navier Stokes equations - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Pumps - Rotation - Turbulent flow - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Circumferential velocity - Engineering practices - Flow filed - Hydraulic characteristic - Optimal operation point - Outlet conduits - Pump system - Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations
Classification code:407.1  Maritime Structures - 618.2  Pumps - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921  Mathematics - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.06e+01%, Size 1.40e+01m, Size 2.34e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20200908248842
Title:Effects and analysis of straw returning on subsoil microbial community structure in black soil
Title of translation:&#31224;&#31174;&#36824;&#30000;&#23545;&#40657;&#22303;&#20122;&#34920;&#23618;&#24494;&#29983;&#29289;&#32676;&#33853;&#32467;&#26500;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#21407;&#22240;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Cong, Ping (1, 2); Wang, Jing (1); Dong, Jianxin (2); Li, Yuyi (1); Liu, Na (1); Pang, Huancheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Institute of Tobacco, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao; 266100, China
Corresponding author:Pang, Huancheng(panghuancheng@caas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:109-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The subsoil layer is an important plow layer between topsoil and bottom soil. It is also an important crop root distribution area. However, long-term rotary tillage caused a thick plow pan in the subsoil layer of black soil in Northeast China, which seriously affected the operation of water, fertilizer, gas, and heat in the soil. As is known to all, straw returning is a win-win measure that can not only fertilize the soil but also ensure the utilization of waste resources. Chopped straw is a common way for local farmers to return to the field, while the pelletized straw return is a novel straw return management and is made of straw after highly comminuted and extruded. Our previous research proved that these two forms of deep straw return had a good effect on subsoil physicochemical properties. However, their effects on soil microbial community structure of the subsoil layer were still unknown. To clarified the effect of chopped straw and pelletized straw on soil microbial community structure in subsoil layer of the black soil, then, evaluated the effect of maize straw returning on fertilization of subsoil layer, a one-time deep straw returning experiment was conducted in the black soil of Northeast China from 2016 to 2018. There were five treatments in this experiment, including chopped straw with low dosage (QS1), chopped straw with high dosage (QS5), pelletized straw with low dosage (KL1), pelletized straw with high dosage (KL5), and no straw returning (CK). The contents of soil microbial flora phospholipid fatty acid, soil bulk density, soil water content, pH, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were measured in the maize harvest season. The results showed that the microbial flora total phospholipid fatty acid content and fungi phospholipid fatty acid content were significantly increased by chopped straw treatments in the first year of straw returning, with a high dosage increasing up to 71.0% and 120.5%. The phospholipid fatty acid content of bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria increased more significantly by pelletized treatment, with high dosage treatment up to 41.6%, 29.7% and 26.3%, and the phospholipid fatty acid content of fungi significantly increased in the second year. The phospholipid fatty acid content of each flora, especially the fungal phospholipid fatty acid content of chopped straw with high dosage treatment, was significantly higher than that of pelletized straw with high dosage treatment (21.0%), and only the flora with high dosage straw return had significant changes in the third year. Chopped straw treatment significantly increased the fungi-bacteria ratio in the early stage of straw returning, while low dosage straw returning increased the Gram-positive bacteria: Gram-negative bacteria ratio. With time increasing, the ratio of high dosage straw return increased more significantly, which was conducive to long-term maintenance of ecosystem stability. High dosage of straw returning could significantly change the level of soil physical and chemical factors, which was an important reason for the differentiation of microbial community structure. The significant soil factors changed with the years of straw returning. In the first year, the significant factors were soil bulk density, pH, total nitrogen and C:N ratio (P&lt;0.05), in the second year, the significant factors were soil water content, soil organic carbon, C:N ratio and soil bulk density (P&lt;0.01), and soil organic carbon was the only significant factor in the third year (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, chopped straw with high dosage treatment had the most obvious difference between microbial community structure and CK, and had a stronger ability to regulate subsoil fungal community. It was more suitable for the improvement of the subsoil fertility of black soil and promoted the resource utilization of straw in Northeast China.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Ecosystems - Fatty acids - Fungi - Nitrogen - Organic carbon - Pelletizing - Phospholipids - Physicochemical properties  - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Deep returning - Gram-negative bacteria - Gram-positive bacterium - Long-term maintenances - Microbial community structures - Phospholipid fatty acids - Soil microbial community structure - Subsoil
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20200908248760
Title:Simulation analysis and test on suppression operation process of ridging and film covering machine with full-film double-furrow
Title of translation:&#20840;&#33180;&#21452;&#22404;&#27807;&#36215;&#22404;&#35206;&#33180;&#26426;&#38215;&#21387;&#20316;&#19994;&#36807;&#31243;&#20223;&#30495;&#20998;&#26512;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:Zhang, Shilin (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Dai, Fei (1); Song, Xuefeng (1); Qu, Jiangfei (1); Zhang, Fengwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Dai, Fei(daifei@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:20-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Raised bed cropping coupled with full film mulching is a cultivation method for arid and semi-arid regions to improve water use efficiency, which is usually constructed mechanically using machine. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how different combinations of working parameters of the machine affect such seedbeds constructed with a double-furrow ridge. The interaction between the soil-compact component in the machine and the soil surface was simulated using a three-dimensional finite element model in the ABAQUS software. Based on the three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken design, a mathematical model was proposed to describe how the applied load, forward speed of the machine and soil moisture content combined to affect compression of the ridge, horizontal traction resistance and offset of the infiltrating hole in attempts to find the optimal operating parameters. An adaptive meshing method based on the ALE algorithm was used to alleviate a possible mesh distortion caused by soil compression in the finite element simulation. In the analysis, the vertical displacement of the suppression wheels in the machine was used as a reference to quantify the seedbed subsidence. The reference horizontal traction was calculated assuming that the machine moved forward, and the offset of the infiltrating hole was used as a reference for the extent to which the plastic film was torn. The optimal working parameters under different soil conditions were determined by comparing the three references, and they were then verified against field experiments. The results showed that the average horizontal traction to the soil-compact wheels was 44.15 N, the average subsidence of the wider ridge was 11.82 mm, and the average offset of the infiltrating hole was 8.25 mm. These met the requirements for raised seedbed with double- furrow and full film mulching, and proved that the three-dimensional finite element model was able to predict operation of the machine. It was also found that the size of the ridge did not change significantly and the film tearing was in acceptable range. The suppression wheels ran smoothly and only moderately compacted the soil. The methods and the results presented in this paper provide references for designing and developing machines for mechanically constructing raised seedbed with double-furrow and full film mulching.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Agricultural machinery - Composite bridges - Cultivation - Infiltration - Soil moisture - Subsidence - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Finite element simulations - Full-film double-furrow - Operating parameters - Simulation - Three dimensional finite element model - Vertical displacements - Water use efficiency
Classification code:401.1  Bridges - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2  Machine Components - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 4.41e+01N, Size 1.18e-02m, Size 8.25e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20200908248866
Title:Classification of village land types based on suitability and development evaluation
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36866;&#23452;&#24615;&#19982;&#21457;&#23637;&#27700;&#24179;&#35780;&#20215;&#30340;&#26449;&#24196;&#29992;&#22320;&#31867;&#22411;&#21010;&#20998;
Authors:Tang, Xiumei (1, 2); Liu, Yu (1, 2); Ren, Yanmin (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yu(Liuyu@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:36
Issue:1
Issue date:January 1, 2020
Publication year:2020
Pages:283-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is necessary to scientifically divide village lands and further propose a differentiated governance strategy, which is the premise and basis to plan village development and reduction of construction lands. Generally, the village land is characterized by "large amount, scattered layout, low efficiency and poor environment". Beijing has entered the era of "reduction development". In Miyun District, the lands are governed scientifically, and it is of great significance to optimize ecological spatial pattern and protect ecological environment. The renovation of village land is a complex and systematic project, which is affected by the natural environment conditions, economic development level, development and construction conditions and location conditions of rural areas. Taking Miyun District of Beijing as a case, based on land use, points of interest and social statistics data, this paper constructed a land suitability evaluation model in view of natural conditions and land patterns. Moreover, the evaluation model was built for village development status from four angles - location conditions, infrastructure, ecological conditions and resource industry, then systematically analyzed village land suitability, village development status and their combination, and divided the type of village lands in the end. The results showed that: 1) The suitability index of village land in Miyun District is between 33-97, the village lands in Miyun District were mostly suitable, but in a trend of decreasing from southwest to northeast; 2) The village development index of Miyun District is between 22.2 and 78.7, villages with higher development index were mainly located in the area around Miyun city in the southwest region, followed by the central part around the Miyun reservoir area, and those in northern area were underdeveloped; 3) based on the evaluation results of both, the village lands in the whole district were divided into nine groups that were further classified into four village types. Among them, the area around Miyun city in southwest was filled with urbanization development types, where it was appropriate to implement governance strategies on urbanization development; in eastern and northern regions, there were villages of adjusted-optimization development types, and governance strategies for adjustment and optimization could be applied; accordingly, the construction and improved development types were mainly distributed around the urbanization development types in the southeast and surrounding areas of Miyun reservoir, with the orientation as construction, improvement and development. In addition, one could find that the villages of reduced development type were available in the northeast and northwest of Miyun District, and it was recommended that reduction development strategy could be implemented. Through research, the author provided the technical basis for the efficient and orderly utilization of village lands. Undoubtedly, village governance aims not only to achieve "reduction", but also "increase" in some areas, as the healthy development of a village depended on both increase and decrease. In a word, village governance is so complicated that it involves in many aspects and multiple departments. In this paper, the author divided village lands based on village development and village land suitability. The research results were of reference value to provide methods on regional village development planning and reduction of construction lands. However, to be frank, the specific governance measures should also take macro development policies and public preferences into account.<br/> &copy; 2020, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Consolidation - Ecology - Economics - Land use - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Planning
Uncontrolled terms:Development strategies - Ecological conditions - Ecological environments - Evaluation modeling - Miyun District - Multisource data - Natural environments - Village development
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 512.1.2  Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 912.2  Management - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2020.01.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.