<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20201008263261
Title:Improving methane production performance via NaOH pretreatment of sugarcane leaves and its mechanism analysis
Title of translation:NaOH预处理提高甘蔗叶产甲烷性能及其机理分析
Authors:Luo, Juan (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Li, Xiujin (2); Feng, Jing (1); Yuan, Hairong (2); Ren, Yawei (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Huang, Kaiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing; 100029, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:262-270
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a country with a vast agricultural base and a large amount of tropical agricultural wastes including sugarcane leaves (SL). The annual yield of SL in China was as high as 36 million tons in 2017, while the utilization ratio was less than 20%. Significant quantity of SL remained unused and was burned in open fields causing serious environmental problems. Recently, the interest for the use of SL is mainly based on its chemical compositions, which have high carbohydrate content, in the form of cellulose and hemicelluloses (>70%), that can be used for bioenergy production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of SL to produce biogas may offer a promising approach to SL utilization and mitigate air pollution. However, due to the cellulose and hemicellulose are densely packed by layers of lignin and they are protected from enzymatic hydrolysis, it is necessary to have a pretreatment step prior to biogas production in order to break lignin mesh and expose cellulose and hemicellulose for enzymatic action. NaOH pretreatment method was used to pretreat the crushed SL aimed to improve the methane production performance of SL in this paper. The methane production rate of AD (anaerobic digestion) of sugarcane leaves under different NaOH concentration and different pretreatment time was obtained. The change of micro-physical structure, chemical composition and chemical structure of SL before and after pretreatment were studied and compared, and the internal mechanism of NaOH pretreatment SL was revealed by means of modern analysis and testing, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and so on. The results of the tests indicated that compared with unmodified SL, the cumulative methane production the NaOH modified SL increased by 22.02%-89.94%, and the anaerobic digestion time T<inf>80</inf> shortened by 2-4 days. Among all these treatments, SL of 6% NaOH-5d had the best methane production performance. The maximum daily methane yield was 328.50 mL/d, and the methane yield reached 154.08 mL/g. After the NaOH pretreatment, the epicuticular wax and cell walls structure of SL were destroyed, the decomposition of silica and lignin in the surface of SL were promoted, and the bondage of cellulose was broken. The lignocellulose structure of NaOH modified SL changed obviously. Some functional groups of lignin, such as hydroxyl, methoxy and carbonyl groups, were broken down in varying degrees, the compact macromolecular structure was decomposed, the crystallinity of cellulose was reduced, parts of hydrogen bonds of cellulose were destroyed, and the intermolecular and intramolecular degradation of the hemicellulose took place. The lignocellulose content of NaOH modified SL decreased in varying degrees, and the amount of organic matter that could be decomposed and utilized by microorganisms increased. After AD, the degradation rates of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of 6% NaOH-5d increased by 9.27%, 25.14% and 21.52%, respectively. Therefore, NaOH pretreatment is an effective way to improve the methane production performance of SL.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Agriculture - Biogas - Cellulose - Chemical analysis - Crystallinity - Degradation - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Fermentation - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Hydrogen bonds - Lignin - Macromolecules - Methane - Scanning electron microscopy - Silica - Sodium hydroxide - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and testing - Bioenergy productions - Cellulose and hemicellulose - Chemical compositions - Environmental problems - Macromolecular structures - Mechanism analysis - NaOH pretreatment
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr to 1.10e-02yr, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01% to 8.99e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 9.27e+00%, Specific_Volume 1.54e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20201008263277
Title:Effects of long-term wheat straw returned to field on crop yield and soil chemical properties in soybean-wheat rotation areas
Title of translation:豆麦轮作区麦秸长期还田对作物产量及土壤化学性质的影响
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1, 2); Jiang, Yu (3, 4); Zhou, Xin (3); Mi, Gang (3); Liu, Xin (1, 2); Li, Jingyang (1, 2); Liu, Feng (1); Zhongben, Hefu (5); Huang, Danping (6)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heihe Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heihe; 164300, China; (4) National Agricultural Science Soil Quality Aihui Observation Station, Heihe; 164300, China; (5) Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi, Tsukuba; 3058686, Japan; (6) Harbin Municipal Government of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin; 150086, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Yu(hhnks2008@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:113-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat straw returning is one of the main ways to improve soil fertility. Long-term straw returned to field combined with chemical fertilizer can maintain soil fertility. It should be combined with crop rotation system and fertilization management to maximize advantages and avoid disadvantages. The impact of straw returned to field on crop yield and how to fertilize when straw returning are the issues of great concern to agricultural producers. In order to clarify the effect of long-term straw returned to field in wheat-bean rotation on crop yield and soil nutrient, this paper conducted the experiments in the long-term positioning experimental station in Heihe district of Heilongjiang province, and adopted split-plot test method. The main treatment was straw returning to field and non-returning to field, secondary treatment was different fertilization for low, medium and high level. The experiment started in 1980 with wheat-soybean-wheat and wheat-soybean rotation models. The effects of wheat straw returning to field and different fertilization levels on crop yield under wheat-soybean rotation conditions were investigated for 38 consecutive years (1980-2018). The results showed that there was no significant difference in years of yield of wheat, soybean or wheat planted every other year after wheat straw returning. The medium-fertilizer was 7.42%-10.81% higher than that of low-fertilizer area on soybean with continuous fertilization, achieved significant difference level. The yield of wheat increased by 14.52%-19.33% in high-fertilizer area compared with low-fertilizer area. The effect of wheat straw returning on soybean yield was 5.91% higher than that of non-returning in the early stage (1-6 season) and 7.52% higher in the late stage (7-16 season). The yield of wheat increased by 0.31% and 0.22% in early stage (1-5 seasons) and late stage (6-16 seasons) compared with non-returning to field. Generally speaking, after wheat straw returning to the field, the frequency of crop yield reduction in the early stage is high, while the frequency of yield increase in the later stage is high. In Heihe area, the long-term application of wheat straw to field had no significant effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total potassium, while the content of available potassium increased significantly. Long-term fertilization had a significant impact on soil nutrients. High fertilizer level could significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen and total phosphorus. Long-term fertilization also reduces soil pH value, leading to acidification of soil.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Chemical properties - Crops - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nutrients - Organic compounds - Phosphorus - Potassium - Rotation - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilization - Soybean - Wheat - Wheat straws - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.45e+01% to 1.93e+01%, Percentage 2.20e-01%, Percentage 3.10e-01%, Percentage 5.91e+00%, Percentage 7.42e+00% to 1.08e+01%, Percentage 7.52e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20201008263274
Title:Research on adaptability of using molded bagged concrete to ameliorate heave in trapezoidal concrete channel
Title of translation:模袋混凝土衬砌梯形渠道冻胀适应性研究
Authors:Lou, Zongke (1); Mo, Tengfei (1); Zhang, Xiaohong (2); Fu, Xiaojun (3); He, Wuquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resource and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) General Administration of Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District, Linhe; 015000, China; (3) Shahaoqu Experiment Station of Hetao Irrigation District, Hanggin Rear Banner; 015400, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:74-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Concrete channel could heave and even fail in winter under the combined impact of frozen-thawing, temperature fluctuation and mechanical stresses. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the failure of lining structure of the concrete channel is hence important. Taking trapezoidal concrete channel as an example, a numerical model was developed in this paper based on heat-moisture-stress theory, capillary force and water flow in soil to calculate the impact of these factors on concrete channel. In the model, the temporal change in temperature on the channel surface was treated as the top boundary and the groundwater table as the bottom boundary where the temperature remains stable. The multifield coupling software COMSOL was used to simulate potential occurrence of heaves in soil induced by frost. We simulated a 67-day heaving process induced by frost in the foundation soil and obtained the final heave simultaneously by solving the partial differential equations in COMSOL. Based on the results, the finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the contacts between the concrete lining and the soil, as well as the contacts between the molded bag concrete and the soil using different contact models. The stress and displacement at different location on the contacts were calculated using the ABAQUS. The result showed that: 1) the frost-induced heave varied spatially in the channel. The worst occurred at the center of the channel bottom and on the 1/3 the slope length (measured from the slope tip), and the least was on the top of the channel. 2) If the failure criterion was defined as when the concrete lining reached its plastic stage, the maximum non-uniform heave calculated by the ABAQUS was 2.98 cm for the traditional concrete lining. 3) Compared with traditional concrete lining, the molded bag concrete substantially reduced the force between the lining and the soil. This changed the mechanical behavior of their contact, thereby effectively reducing the stress on the molded bag concrete lining. The maximum stress on the top surface of the molded bag concrete lining was only 1/250 that in the traditional concrete lining, effectively improving its adaptability to uneven frost heave in seasonal frozen soil. The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental data and have implications for designing trapezoidal channels in seasonal frozen regions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Failure (mechanical)
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Concretes - Deformation - Flow of water - Frozen soils - Groundwater - Linings - Mechanisms
Uncontrolled terms:Channel - Field coupling - Frost heaving - Mechanical behavior - Multi-field coupling - Stress and displacements - Temperature fluctuation - Trapezoidal channels
Classification code:412 Concrete - 444.2 Groundwater - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.3 Mechanisms - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.84e-01yr, Size 2.98e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20201008263307
Title:Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate stability and carbon and nitrogen in paddy field
Title of translation:长期保护性耕作对稻田土壤团聚体稳定性和碳氮含量的影响
Authors:Wang, Xing (1); Qi, Jianying (1); Jing, Zhenhuan (1); Li, Chao (1); Zhang, Hailin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hailin(hailin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:121-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil structure stability, aggregate-associated C and N play an important role in soil conservation and nutrient supply. Tillage practices can affect the soil aggregate stability and C and N distribution, thus affecting the farmland ecological security. To estimate the effects of tillage practices on soil aggregate stability and its C and N distribution of double paddy field in Southern China, a long-term field experiment initiated from 2005 with four treatments (no-till with residue retention, NTS), rotary tillage with residue retention, RTS), plow tillage with residue retention, CTS), and plow tillage with residue removed, CT)) was conducted in a double rice cropping system in Ningxiang, Hunan. After 12-years of the experiment, the soil water-stable aggregates, stability, and C, N concentration were determined from four soil depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm. The results showed that there were significant positive correlations between soil C, N and aggregate stability (P <0.05). The percentage of soil aggregate decreased with the particle size decreases in paddy fields. It mainly composed of macro-aggregate (>0.25 mm), accounting for 66.90%-87.82%, of which >2 mm part accounted for 35.02%-64.44% in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage practices. For >2 mm soil aggregate, NTS was significantly higher than RTS (P <0.05) in the 5-30 cm soil layers.NTS was significantly higher than CTS at 5-20 cm (P < 0.05), but NTS, RTS and CTS were not significant in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The <0.25 mm soil aggregate accounted for 12.18%-33.10% in 0-30 cm soil layers under different tillage practices. In terms of aggregate stability, NTS was significantly higher than RTS (10-30 cm) and CTS (5-20 cm), but NTS, RTS, and CTS were not significant in the 0-5 cm soil layer. The contribution rate of macro-aggregate to soil C, N in paddy fields were 76.58%-90.62% and 72.28%-89.76%, respectively, and the contribution rates of >2 mm aggregates to C and N were52.12% and 52.16%, respectively. Compared with straw removal, the contribution rate of >2 mm aggregate treated with straw returning to the soil C, N increased by 8.20 percentage point and 7.35 percentage point, while the contribution of 0.25-2 mm aggregate decreased by 4.96 percentage point and 4.84 percentage point, respectively. Further analysis of the relationship between soil C and N and aggregate stability showed that SOC and GMD (geometric mean diameter), TN and GMD were significantly positively correlated. Thus, straw returning was conducive to the transformation of micro-aggregate to macro-aggregate. Compared with CTS and RTS, NTS significantly increased the C, N content in soil surface and promoted the stable macro-aggregate formation, which had significant effects on improving aggregate stability in paddy fields (especially 0-20 cm) (P <0.05). Therefore, no-till with residue retention is an effective measure to maintain and improve soil performance of the paddy field in Southern China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural machinery - Carbon - Cultivation - Nitrogen - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Double cropping - Geometric mean diameters - Long-term conservation - Long-term field experiments - Soil aggregate stability - Soil carbon - Soil water-stable aggregates - Tillage
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.20e+01yr, Percentage 1.22e+01% to 3.31e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01% to 6.44e+01%, Percentage 5.22e+01%, Percentage 6.69e+01% to 8.78e+01%, Percentage 7.23e+01% to 8.98e+01%, Percentage 7.66e+01% to 9.06e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-02m to 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20201008263254
Title:Investigation of evaluation index system for agricultural informatization level in China
Title of translation:中国农业信息化水平评价指标体系研究
Authors:Shen, Jianbo (1); Wang, Yingkuan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yingkuan(wangyingkuan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:162-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Under the background of implementing the rural revitalization strategy to promote the development of digital agriculture and digital village, the evaluation of agricultural informatization level is a hot issue in domestic agriculture. At present, the evaluation index system of agricultural informatization level determined by different scholars in China is quite different. This study analyzes and discusses the evaluation indexes of China's agricultural informatization level, and discusses the characteristics and regulation of China's agricultural informatization level evaluation indexes. The research finds that the indexes of the agricultural informatization level have obvious characteristics of the times. The indexes of the agricultural informatization level are too many, too extensive, and have the synonymous features when names are different. Some evaluation indexes have poor measurability, and the connotation is too general and broad. Some indexes are outdated, and there are also new indexes reflecting the application of new technologies not considered. Therefore, in the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy, it is of great significance to formulate agricultural informatization level evaluation indexes that are unified, standardized, scientific and reasonable, and advancing with the times for the evaluation, monitoring and early warning of agricultural informatization level. On the basis of comprehensive predecessors' research, considering agricultural informatization resources and informatization technology applications, agricultural informatization infrastructure, agricultural informatization industry, agricultural informatization human resources, and agricultural informatization technology policy and environment,a set of relatively scientific and reasonable evaluation index system of agricultural informatization level is constructed, and the analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index, which provide reference for the evaluation of agricultural informatization level.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:65
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Development modes - Digital agriculture - Digital village - Evaluation index - Informatization
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20201008263308
Title:Effects of developmental stages and parts of collapsing gully on soil hydraulic properties in southern Jiangxi
Title of translation:赣南崩岗的发育阶段及部位对土壤水力性质的影响
Authors:Wen, Hui (1); Ni, Shimin (1); Feng, Shuyue (1); Wang, Junguang (1); Cai, Chongfa (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Water and Soil Conservation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Junguang(jgwang@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:136-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The investigation site is located in Jinggouxing watershed (from 26°10'31″N to 26°12'33″N and115°9'3″E to 115º11'39″E) in the north of Gan County, Jiangxi Province, China. The soil type is mainly red soil developed by granite. The collapsing gully area is 95.8 hm<sup>2</sup>, which belongs to the intensity erosion area of the hills and mountains in the south of Jiangxi. Due to the sudden, violent, serious damage, and difficult to manage characteristics of collapsing gully, it has severely affected the local ecological environment and residents' lives, so it has become an important research direction for soil and water conservation. Collapsing gully is affected by hydraulic and gravity erosion. Among them, the hydraulic erosion of collapsing gully is mainly affected by surface runoff. The instability of the collapsing gully wall gradually increases through the undercutting effect of runoff, and then develops under the combined action of hydraulic and gravity erosion. Soil infiltration is the premise and basis of surface runoff. By analyzing the infiltration characteristics of collapsing gully soil, we can further understand the process of soil erosion by collapsing gully soil. In recent years, the disc infiltration meter has been widely used to determine soil hydraulic characteristics due to its fast and easy operation. In this paper, a disc infiltration instrument was carried out under four pressure heads (-9, -6, -3, and 0 cm) on the collapsing gully soil at three different developmental stages (initial stage, active stage and stable stage) and three parts (catchment, slope and channel). The basic physical and chemical properties of collapsed hills at different developmental stages were studied, and the correlation between the developmental stages and parts of collapsing gully to the basic physicochemical properties was analyzed. The variation of soil infiltration rate with different infiltration heads at different developmental stages and parts of the collapsing gully was plotted. According to the measured values of soil hydraulic conductivity and Gardner's constant α, the effects of collapsing gully at different developmental stages and their parts on the soil hydraulic conductivity and soil pore classification contribution to flow were analyzed. The results showed that soil infiltration properties were affected by soil sand content, pressure head, soil pore size distribution, soil erosion and space parts. The higher the sand content in the soil, the more severe the soil erosion would be, which would affect the soil infiltration characteristics. When the pressure head was 0, the stable infiltration rate at the collapsing gully in the developmental stable period was the highest, 1.01 and 1.40 times higher than that in the collapsing gully at the initial stage and active stage of the collapsing gully. With the decrease of the pressure head, the stable infiltration rate of the soil in the three different developmental stages gradually decreased. The soil hydraulic conductivity of different parts of the collapsing gully was basically similar under different pressure head conditions. There was no significant difference in soil hydraulic conductivity and Gardner's constant α at three different developmental stages. Except for the hydraulic conductivity at a pressure head of -9 cm, the soil hydraulic conductivity and the Gardner constant α values at different parts of the collapsing gully were significantly different. As the degree of erosion increased, the contribution rate of macropores to flow at different developmental stages increased. The parts of collapsing gully significantly affected the contribution rate of macropores, mesopores 2 and micropores to flow, it could be seen that the part of collapsing gully was an important factor which affected the hydraulic properties of soil. The results could provide some references for the soil erosion process of the collapsing gully soil at different developmental stages in the southern China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Catchments - Chemical analysis - Erosion - Hydraulic conductivity - Landforms - Physicochemical properties - Pore size - Runoff - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Collapsing gully - Ecological environments - Hydraulic properties - Infiltration characteristic - Physical and chemical properties - Soil and water conservation - Soil hydraulic conductivity - Soil hydraulic properties
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size -9.00e-02m, Size 0.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20201008265591
Title:Monitoring pig respiration frequency using Wi-Fi wireless sensing technology
Title of translation:基于Wi-Fi无线感知技术的猪呼吸频率监测
Authors:Lu, Yulan (1); Li, Guang (2); Hao, Yusheng (3); Lin, Qiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou; 730030, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guang(lig@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:183-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Monitoring pig respiration timely in swine farms is critical to safeguard swine production. Traditional manual method by tagging pigs with sensors is inefficient and makes pigs stressful. Figuring out non-contact and non-destructive ways is hence necessary. Wi-Fi technology is non-intrusive and robust, and it has received increasing attention over the past few years as a potential method to track animal respiration. Its fundamental principle is that the exhaling - inhaling cycle in pig respiration results in a small change in the Wi-Fi signals when they propagate from transmitter to receiver. In the 802.11 a/g/n standard, the signal response in the channel can be partially extracted from the off-the-shelf OFDM receivers in the format of Channel State Information, which revealed that a set of channel measurements can indeed pick up such change, making it feasible to monitor animal respiration. We proposed a novel method based on the Wi-Fi signal in this paper to estimate the respiration rate of pigs reared in a single shed. We obtained the motion-state data in the CSI data files first using the off-the-shelf Wi-Fi devices commonly used in daily life. The CSI data is matrix of 1×3×30, where 1 is the number of transmit antennas, 3 is the number of receive antennas and 30 is the number of subcarriers in one beam. Preprocessing these data and evaluating the carrier periodicity level enabled us to identify the CSI signal sequences that contain the abdomen undulation of pigs. This is followed by smoothing the subcarrier curve with the algorithm of smoothing spline and evaluating the period and frequency of the subcarrier with the self-correlation function of CSI sequences. Finally, we statistically estimated the weighting average of the multiple subcarrier frequencies to calculate the respiration rate of pig. Taking the number of breaths manually accounted per minute from the pigs as ground truth, the proposed method was tested against the respiration data measured from 9 piglets, 5 fattening pigs, 3 pregnant sows and 3 sick pigs with abdominal breathing caused by illness. The results show that the maximum relative error is 3.18%, and the average relative error is 1.398%. The study has wide implications in using Wi-Fi technology to monitor respiration of animal.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Channel state information
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Curve fitting - IEEE Standards - Mammals - Receiving antennas - Signal receivers - Wi-Fi - Wireless local area networks (WLAN)
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Channel measurements - Fundamental principles - Livestock production - Maximum relative errors - Nondestructive detection - Respiration frequency - Respiration monitoring
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 3.18e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20201008264623
Title:Method for estimating the image depth of tomato plant based on self-supervised learning
Title of translation:基于自监督学习的番茄植株图像深度估计方法
Authors:Zhou, Yuncheng (1); Xu, Tongyu (1); Deng, Hanbing (1); Miao, Teng (1); Wu, Qiong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:173-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Depth estimation is critical to 3D reconstruction and object location in intelligent agricultural machinery vision system, and a common method in it is stereo matching. Traditional stereo matching method used low-quality image extracted manually. Because the color and texture in the image of field plant is nonuniform, the artificial features in the image are poorly distinguishable and mismatching could occur as a result. This would compromise the accuracy of the depth of the map. While the supervised learning-based convolution neural network (CNN) is able to estimate the depth of each pixel in plant image directly, it is expensive to annotate the depth data. In this paper, we present a depth estimation model based on the self-supervised learning to phenotype tomato canopy. The tasks of the depth estimation method were to reconstruct the image. The dense disparity maps were estimated indirectly using the rectified stereo pair of images as the network input, from which a bilinear interpolation was used to sample the input images to reconstruct the warping images. We developed three channel wise group convolutional (CWGC) modules, including the dimension invariable convolution module, the down-sampling convolution module and the up-sampling convolution module, and used them to construct the convolutional auto-encoder - a key infrastructure in the depth estimation method. Considering the shortage of manual features for comparing image similarity, we used the loss in image convolutional feature similarity as one objective of the network training. A CWGC-based CNN classification network (CWGCNet) was developed to extract the low-level features automatically. In addition to the loss in image convolutional feature similarity, we also considered the whole training loss, which include the image appearance matching loss, disparity smoothness loss and left-right disparity consistency loss. A stereo pair of images of tomato was sampled using a binocular camera in a greenhouse. After epipolar rectification, the pair of images was constructed for training and testing of the depth estimation model. Using the Microsoft Cognitive Toolkit (CNTK), the CWGCNet and the depth estimation network of the tomato images were calculated using Python. Both training and testing experiments were conducted in a computer with a Tesla K40c GPU (graphics processing unit). The results showed that the shallow convolutional layer of the CWGCNet successfully extracted the low-level multiformity image features to calculate the loss in image convolutional feature similarity. The convolutional auto-encoder developed in this paper was able to significantly improve the disparity map estimated by the depth estimation model. The loss function in image convolutional feature similarity had a remarkable effect on accuracy of the image depth. The accuracy of the disparity map estimated by the model increased with the number of convolution modules for calculating the loss in convolutional feature similarity. When sampled within 9.0 m, the root means square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the corner distance estimated by the model were less than 2.5 cm and 1.8 cm, respectively, while when sampled within 3.0m, the associated errors were less than 0.7cm and 0.5cm, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of the proposed model was 0.8081, and the test speed was 28 fps (frames per second). Compared with the existing models, the proposed model reduced the RMSE and MAE by 33.1% and 35.6% respectively, while increased calculation speed by 52.2%.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Stereo image processing
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Channel coding - Computer graphics - Computer graphics equipment - Computer vision - Convolution - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Errors - Fruits - Graphics processing unit - Image processing - Image reconstruction - Learning systems - Program processors - Signal encoding - Signal sampling - Stereo vision - Supervised learning - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Bilinear interpolation - Classification networks - Coefficient of determination - Convolution neural network - Depth Estimation - Disparity - Root-means-square errors - Tomato
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.31e+01%, Percentage 3.56e+01%, Percentage 5.22e+01%, Size 1.80e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 7.00e-03m, Size 9.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20201008263131
Title:Finite element analysis on mechanical properties of joint in precast steel plate-concrete composite wall of underground granary
Title of translation:装配式地下粮仓钢-混组合仓壁节点力学性能有限元分析
Authors:Wang, Zhenqing (1); Chuai, Jun (1); Wang, Lumin (1); Liang, Xingpei (1); Liu, Yongchao (2); Hou, Zhilong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Zhengzhou Gongda Grain Security Technology Co. LTD, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Chuai, Jun(chuai-jun@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:298-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The underground granary is an important technical development for building a new system of green grain storage. Compared to the overground granary, the underground granary can make full use of the underground space, which shows significant advantages such as low temperature, loss reduction, eco-friendly environment, land saving, energy saving and safety in grain storage. Currently, such technology is one of the important research interests in the food industry. A new type of underground granary consisting of precast steel plate-concrete composite walls was proposed, and the corresponding mechanical properties of its wall and joints were studied for guiding the design of it. Firstly, two different finite element models of the two pieces of precast steel plate-concrete composite walls with different connecting modes were established with ANSYS software. One model is assumed that the walls connect with a joint, which is modeled as a short steel plate, and another is assumed to be weld together directly without introducing a joint. Their bending and compression properties were simulated and analyzed. Also, in the finite element simulation, Solid 185 element was used to model the concrete part, Shell 63 element was used to model steel plates, and the rigid connection was assumed by arranging common nodes between adjacent elements on the interface of concrete and steel plate. Secondly, the corresponding joint experiments were carried out to verify the simulation results. In the experiment, the steel plate and concrete are connected by bolts in each piece of composite wall. The steel plates of the two composite walls are connected by welding them together with a short connecting steel plate, and thus their connections are assumed to be rigid as well. Practically, in order to simplify the finite element models, the effects of bolts and rebar reinforcements in the real steel plate-concrete composite wall were represented by rigid connection assumptions. Numerical results showed that, for the case of empty granary, which means no internal pressure was applied on the internal surface of the composite wall, the stress concentration occur in the steel plate-concrete composite wall under the external soil and water pressure, but the maximum stress not exceeded the design value, so the prefabricated steel plate-concrete composite wall is safe. During the tests, the separation of steel plate and concrete in each specimen not happened and they worked well as an entire element. Besides, the connecting plate between the two precast steel plate-concrete composite walls looked reliable and no obvious crack damage or excessive deformation. All welding lines kept intact. The numerical results of the maximum deflection along the whole span of the jointless and jointed specimens were 0.7mm and 0.57mm, respectively, and the latter was 18.6% smaller than the former. The numerical predictions of the maximum axial displacement of the jointless and jointed specimens were 1.03mm and 1.01mm, respectively, with a slight difference of 1.94%. Besides, it is observed that the difference between the numerical results and the experimental results was no more than 4% and 10% for the jointless and jointed specimens, respectively. From the comparison, it is concluded that the experimental results are basically same as the finite element results and the established finite element model is verified. Also, the results indicate that the assumption of rigid joint between the two steel plate-concrete composite walls is reasonable. More importantly, it is found that the mechanical properties of the steel plate-concrete composite wall with joint connection are similar to those without joint. Thus, in the practical engineering, the steel plate-concrete composite walls for the underground granary can be mechanically equivalent to the steel plate-concrete composite wall without joint connection. It provides guidance for the design and test of composite wall joint.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Finite element method
Controlled terms:Bolts - Energy conservation - Food storage - Grain elevators - Joints (structural components) - Mechanical properties - Precast concrete - Soil testing - Temperature - Walls (structural partitions) - Welding
Uncontrolled terms:Axial displacements - Compression properties - Finite element simulations - Numerical predictions - Practical engineering - Steel plate-concrete composite - Technical development - Underground granary
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 538.2 Welding - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.4 Storage - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 1.01e-03m, Size 1.03e-03m, Size 5.70e-04m, Size 7.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20201008263282
Title:Optimized structural design of concentrated wind energy device based on CFD numerical simulation
Title of translation:基于CFD模拟的浓缩风能装置结构优化设计
Authors:Ji, Zhongtao (1); Tian, De (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing; 655011, China; (2) State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing; 102206, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The structure of the wind concentrator will directly affect the performance of wind-concentrating turbine. In this paper, to optimize the structure, the CFD software was used. The structure was optimized by adding a new conical tube behind the diffuser of the original model, and the influence of both the generatrix length (d) and the deflection angle (β) of the conical tube on the concentrator was also analyzed. First, through the CAD software, the optimized model of a wind concentrator was built and a cylinder (diameter: 20 m; length: 30 m, coaxial with the model) was created. With the help of Boolean subtraction, the fluid field model was obtained by subtracting the optimized model from the cylinder. The patch conforming algorithm was used to mesh the fluid field and the mesh type was tetrahedral. Twenty inflation layers were divided in the thickness range of 1 cm marked on the optimization model. In the simulation, SST k-ω turbulence model was adopted, energy equation was used and heat exchange was considered. The air velocity, temperature, density, pressure, viscosity, thermal conductivity, constant pressure specific heat capacity, flow rate, turbulent kinetic energy k value and specific dissipation rate ω value were 10.83 m/s, 296.75 K, 1.044 kg/m<sup>3</sup>, 88 800 Pa, 1.85×10<sup>-5</sup> kg/(m•s), 0.026 22 W/(m•K), 1 013 J/(kg•K), 3 552.048 kg/s, 0.165 382 m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup>, 11.786 s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The inlet boundary was the mass flow inlet, and the velocity direction was perpendicular to the inlet boundary. Both the thermal boundary conditions of the wall of the concentrator and the shell of the fluid field were at fixed temperature, with a value of 296.75 K. Pressure outlet was used as the outlet boundary. The results of flow field calculation show that the model was optimal when the generatrix length and the deflection angle of the conical tube were 0.4D and 50° respectively. The concentrating performance of the optimized model was determined by the vortex behind the conical tube and the flow separation on the inner surface of the tube. The existence of vortices rendered the optimized model better than the original one. However, if the intensity of the vortices was too high, the air ejected from the outer edge of the conical tube would be attracted to the inner wall of the tube and would affect the radial diffusion of the air up-flow at the outlet of the diffuser, thus reducing the originally superior concentrating performance. Meanwhile, the flow separation also reduced the concentration performance. Conversely, if a strong vortex appeared behind the conical tube, and the flow separation near the inner surface of the tube was not so strong, the optimal condition will be reached. At this time, the generatrix length was 0.4D and the deflection angle was 50°. Besides, when the deflection angle was 50° and the length of generatrix was extended, the vortex intensity behind the conical tube would increase, and the concentrating performance of the concentrator would improve. However, the flow separation was easy to occur near the inner wall of the conical tube, thus reducing the concentrating performance. But when the generatrix length was 0.3D, flow separation appeared. When the generatrix length was 0.4D, the flow separation was very slight. And when the generatrix length was extended to 0.5D, strong flow separation occurred, dampening the enhancement of the concentrating performance. Compared with 0.5D, When the generatrix length was 0.6D, the flow separation was slighter. So, for cost-effective consideration, when the deflection angle was 50°, 0.4D was the best generatrix length.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Air - Computer aided design - Concentration (process) - Cost effectiveness - Cylinders (shapes) - Deflection (structures) - Diffusion in liquids - Flow separation - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Mesh generation - Oceanography - Optimization - Specific heat - Thermal conductivity - Tubes (components) - Turbulence models - Vortex flow - Wakes - Walls (structural partitions) - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:CFD numerical simulations - Concentrated wind energies - Concentrator - Flow field calculation - K-Omega turbulence model - Specific dissipation rate - Thermal boundary conditions - Turbulent kinetic energy
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 471.1 Oceanography, General - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.04e+00kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.52e+02kg/s, Pressure 8.88e+04Pa, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 3.00e+01m, Temperature 2.97e+02K, Velocity 1.08e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20201008265169
Title:Photosynthetic response of water-saving and yield-increasing of mulched drip irrigation for spring maize (Zea mays L.) in northeast China
Title of translation:东北典型区覆膜滴灌春玉米节水增产的光合生理响应
Authors:Wang, Chuanjuan (1, 2); Zhang, Yanqun (1); Wang, Jiandong (2); Xu, Di (1); Gong, Shihong (1); Wu, Zhongdong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Irrigation and Drainage Department, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jiandong(wangjiandong@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:90-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is significant to reveal the physiological mechanism of water-saving and yield-increasing effects of spring maize (Zea mays L.) under mulched drip irrigation. The objective of this study was to explore the photosynthetic characteristics response of spring maize in a field with drip irrigation under film mulching. Field experiments were carried out from May 2017 to October 2018 for two years at the Heilongjiang Hydraulic Science and Technology Experimental Research Center (45°22' N, 125°45' E), located in a typical area of Northeast China, and three treatments were applied: film mulched drip irrigation (MD), non-mulched drip irrigation (ND), and traditional rain-fed practice as a control (CK). The effects of mulched drip irrigation on grain yield and water-use efficiency of maize were analyzed. Based on photosynthetic-light response curves of spring maize leaves at different growth stages from 2017 to 2018, the effects of mulched drip irrigation on photosynthetic capacity, apparent quantum yield, stomatal conductance, specific leaf weight, and <sup>13</sup>C carbon isotope discrimination rate of maize were also analyzed. In 2017, the results showed that the yield of MD, ND and CK treatment was 11.0, 10.7 and 9.1 t/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively, and water-use efficiency was 2.34, 2.06 and 2.11 kg/m<sup>3</sup> for MD, ND and CK treatment respectively. In 2018, the results showed that the yield was 12.0, 11.3 and 9.8 t/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively, and water-use efficiency was 2.70, 2.22 and 2.07 kg/m<sup>3</sup> for MD, ND and CK treatment respectively. From 2017 to 2018, photosynthetic capacity first increased and then gradually decreased with the advance of the growth period, and the photosynthetic capacity values ranged from 13.4 to 63.6 μmol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s). The apparent quantum yield value of different treatments fluctuated between 0.026 and 0.067. The value of stomatal conductance increased first and then decreased with the development of the growth period, and reached the highest value at the jointing stage. The range of stomatal conductance was 0.12-0.50 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s) in 2017 and 0.07-0.47 mol/(m<sup>2</sup>•s) in 2018, respectively. The specific leaf weight values increased first and then decreased with the advancement of growth stage, and reached the maximum value during the tasseling milk stage. The range of specific leaf weight was 0.040-0.087 kg/m<sup>2</sup> in 2017 and 0.062-0.084 kg/m<sup>2</sup> in 2018, respectively. <sup>13</sup>C carbon isotope discrimination rate value increased with the growth period. From 2017 to 2018, the MD treatment significantly increased the yield by 20.9%-22.4% compared with the CK as well as significantly increased the water-use efficiency by 13.6%-21.6% compared with the ND, respectively. The MD treatment increased the average photosynthetic capacity value significantly by 12.9%-22.8% (P < 0.05), also increased stomatal conductance by 15.7%-27.2%, increased specific leaf weight by 5%-14%, and decreased the <sup>13</sup>C carbon isotope discrimination rate of maize, especially in the early growth stage, compared to CK. It showed that mulched drip irrigation could improve the photosynthetic parameters of maize. Also, the MD treatment significantly affected the linear correlation between leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic capacity, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity, compared with CK, the slopes of the regression line in the MD and ND treatments were higher, which meant that for a given leaf nitrogen content and stomatal conductance, the MD and ND treatments had a higher photosynthetic capacity values than that of the CK. Also, the results showed that photosynthetic N utilization efficiency and stomatal conductance of leaves was significantly improved by film mulching drip irrigation, which might be the physiological reason for the improvement of photosynthetic capacity, and this might be the key reason for that why yield and water-use efficiency in MD treatment could be significantly increased. Based on the above comprehensive analysis, it was found that the increasing or decreasing of these key photosynthetic parameters under mulched drip irrigation was the key reason for the increase of yield and water-use efficiency of spring maize. This study result provided a theoretical basis for the implementation of film-mulching and drip-irrigation technology in cold spring and water-deficient areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Carbon - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Isotopes - Nitrogen - Photosynthesis - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Quantum yield - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon isotope discrimination - Leaf nitrogen content - Mulched drip irrigations - Photosynthetic characteristics - Photosynthetic light response curves - Photosynthetic parameters - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 461.9 Biology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.06e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.07e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.11e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.22e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.36e+01% to 2.16e+01%, Percentage 1.57e+01% to 2.72e+01%, Percentage 2.09e+01% to 2.24e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 1.40e+01%, Surface_Density 4.00e-02kg/m2 to 8.70e-02kg/m2, Surface_Density 6.20e-02kg/m2 to 8.40e-02kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20201008263257
Title:Multiscale spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of intensive cultivated land use in Yangtze River Economic Belt
Title of translation:长江经济带耕地集约利用多尺度时空特征与影响因素分析
Authors:Zhang, Rongtian (1); Lu, Jianfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:271-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Under the limited reserve resources of cultivated land, it is necessary to change the traditional extensive utilization methods of cultivated land resources, and the road of intensive development is the most effective way to solve the human-land contradiction. The scientific analysis of spatial and temporal differences and influencing factors of cultivated land intensive use in the region is of great practical significance for promoting intensive potential exploitation and efficient utilization of cultivated land resources. Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a case study, evaluation index system of cultivated land intensive use was constructed from the dimensions of input intensity, utilization intensity, output efficiency and sustainability. Projective pursuit model was used to quantitatively measure the level of cultivated land intensive use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1978 to 2016. Based on the multiscale perspective of watershed, province and city, through the coefficient of variation, spatial autocorrelation index, the paper explored multiscale spatial-temporal differences of cultivated land intensive use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The influence mechanism of intensive utilization of cultivated land was revealed by using geographic detector model. The results showed that: since 1978, the level of cultivated land intensive use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has improved at the watershed scale, but in the evolution process, the difference characteristics of "east high west low" have appeared; the intensive use of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt at provincial and city scales presents spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the smaller the scale, the more significant the spatial agglomeration. During the period of the study, the types of spatial correlation between provinces and regions were mainly positive correlation, and there was a phenomenon of "club convergence" in cultivated land intensive use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt at city scale. The hot spots are mainly concentrated in Shanghai and Southern Jiangsu, and gradually evolved into Shaoxing-Hangzhou and Lancang; the cold point area was mainly concentrated in the Western Sichuan Plateau area. Natural factors, population growth, economic and social development, and institutional policies can effectively explain the spatial-temporal differences in the intensive use of cultivated land in the Yangtze River Economic Belt; demographic factors and economic and social factors have a significant impact on cultivated land intensive use, while policy factors have a strong driving effect. Finally, suggestions were put forward on how to promote cultivated land intensive use from the aspects of comprehensive land remediation, increasing the input of elements, optimizing and adjusting the structure of cultivated land, and promoting innovation in agricultural science and technology. In addition, it should be pointed out that there are still some deficiencies in this study: only the spatial and temporal patterns of cultivated land intensive use in six time sections since 1978 are analyzed on the time scale, it is also necessary to further reveal the temporal and spatial differentiation of intensive cultivated land use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt at a multitime scale. In terms of the impact mechanism, the factors of farmer households have not been discussed in this study, and the factors of farmer households have an important impact on regional cultivated land use efficiency. How to reveal the micro-mechanism of spatial and temporal differentiation of cultivated land intensive use in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the perspective of farmers will be the next deepening area and direction of this study.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Agriculture - Economic analysis - Efficiency - Models - Population statistics - Remediation - Rivers - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - ESDA - Impact factor - Multi scale - Yangtze River
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20201008263158
Title:Analysis of light environment and thermal performance of piggery with different wall materials based on Ecotect
Title of translation:基于Ecotect的不同墙体材料猪舍光热环境和热性能分析
Authors:Yuan, Yueming (1); Song, Yang (1); Xie, Chenhui (1); Zhou, Lina (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:199-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, China's pig industry has gradually shifted to the northeast. Compared with the rich feed resources and land resources in Northeast China, the cold environment reduces the feed conversion efficiency and the production performance of pigs. In the winter of northern China, pig producers often face a huge problem of heat preservation when they control the environment of piggery. The aim of this study is to explore the heat preservation of piggeries in Northeast China. According to the investigation, there were four types of piggeries in Jilin Province, which were brick wall piggery, concrete wall piggery, color steel wall piggery and greenhouse piggery. The simulated piggeries with brick wall, concrete wall and color steel wall were based on the experimental piggery of Jilin Agricultural University, the simulated piggery with greenhouse was based on a piggery in a pig farm, and the simulated pig farm area was based on a pig farm area. Based on Ecotect software, this paper took a typical piggery in a large pig farm in Jilin Province as an object, and studied the light and heat environment of piggery, and the light environment of pig farm production area. The daylight factor of different heights in the piggery and the lighting situation in the production area of the pig farm were studied. The thermal insulation performances of 4 kinds of piggeries with different walls were analyzed. The results were as follows: The daylight factor of each research height of the experimental piggery was higher than 2%, which met the green building standard. The production area of the pig farm had good daylight, and the solar radiation in Great Cold Day could reach 5.38 MJ/(m<sup>2</sup>•d), and the sunshine was sufficient. The building spacing of the pig farm met the epidemic prevention standard, and there was no shelter problem. By comparing the monthly energy consumption values of 4 kinds of piggeries with different building materials, the best insulation performance of piggeries was as follow: Clay porous brick piggery, foam concrete pig piggery, color steel piggery with phenolic sandwich board, low density polyethylene film greenhouse piggery. After considering the cost, it was recommended to use cinder brick masonry piggery, fly ash aerated block piggery, polyphenylene sandwich board color steel piggery and low density polyethylene film greenhouse piggery. The daily energy consumption of empty piggery in December was tested and verified. The relative error range was 0.74%-8.62% after data comparison, which verified the reliability of the model. The simulation values of energy consumption were in good agreement with the measured values. On the one hand, it verified the correctness and rationality of setting parameters in the software. On the other hand, it showed that Ecotect software was feasible in piggery building. This paper can provide theoretical basis for exploring the light and heat environment of the northern piggery, and provide more ideas for architects to optimize the design before the implementation of the plan.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Walls (structural partitions)
Controlled terms:Brick - Building codes - Color - Concretes - Energy utilization - Environmental management - Fly ash - Greenhouses - Light - Mammals - Polyethylenes - Thermal insulation
Uncontrolled terms:ECOTECT - Environmental control - Piggery - Thermal environment - Wall materials
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 412 Concrete - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 414.2 Brick Materials - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 741.1 Light/Optics - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 7.40e-01% to 8.62e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20201008263136
Title:Research progress of methods for determining sampling numbers of soil heavy metals survey
Title of translation:土壤重金属调查采样数目的确定方法研究进展
Authors:Huang, Yajie (1); Li, Jumei (1); Ma, Yibing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau; 999078, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yibing(mayibing@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:235-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the increasingly serious environmental issues worldwide, and it is believed to pose a high risk to natural environments and human health when their accumulation exceeds certain levels. Optimum sampling numbers in a sampling unit can be an effective tool to achieve credible results when surveying heavy metals in topsoil and undertaking risk assessment for sustainable land uses or remediation decisions. Based on a large amount of literatures and available data in the recent years, the current situations of sampling numbers, methods on determining optimum sampling numbers for survey of soil heavy metals were reviewed in this paper and future research issues in this area were discussed. Also, based on empirical methods (e.g. purposive sampling), statistics (including different methods under the normal distribution and lognormal distribution) and empirical methods combined with statistics (e.g. multi-stage sampling), the merits and demerits of these methods on determining optimum sampling numbers for survey of heavy metals in topsoil were then systematically analyzed and compared. The results showed that there were some challenges or issues. First, the consideration of sampling scales or sampling units was lacked when determining optimum sampling numbers for survey of soil heavy metals. Second, researches for determining optimum sampling numbers were more focused on the empirical methods, but there were few by statistics or empirical methods combined with statistics. When determining optimum sampling numbers by statistics, they were more focused upon the methods under the normal distribution, such as classical statistics, geostatistics and simulated annealing algorithm. However, their usefulness was often limited because there was adequate empirical evidence and a theoretical proof to illustrate that the distribution of soil heavy metal content often approximately followed a lognormal distribution. The application in determining optimum sampling numbers for survey of soil heavy metals under the lognormal distribution, which has little been reported to date. Third, although some scientists proposed the methods to determine optimum sampling numbers under the lognormal distribution, including the Land's accurate method and other correction equations of this accurate method (such as Hale's method, Armstrong's method, classical lognormal equation, quadratic term approximate equation and Chebyshev inequality), the Land's accurate method under the lognormal distribution was too complex because of the need for computing by an iterative algorithm and requiring extensive tables. The different correction equations had been limited because they not only were not enough to cover the different coefficient of variation of soil heavy metals, but also overestimated or underestimated the optimum sampling numbers. Moreover, these mentioned different methods under the lognormal distribution had not been applied to estimate the optimum sampling numbers for survey of soil heavy metals. Therefore, sampling scales or sampling units of soil heavy metals were defined when determining optimum sampling numbers. The researches on determining optimum sampling numbers by statistics and empirical methods combined with statistics were strengthened. The accurate methods on determining optimum sampling numbers under the lognormal distribution were explored. The methods suited for determining optimum sampling numbers for survey of soil heavy metals in a sampling unit were sought. These were important guarantees to achieve scientific risk assessment, effective environmental decision-making and pollution control of soil heavy metals.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:104
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Decision making - Health risks - Heavy metals - Iterative methods - Land use - Normal distribution - Risk assessment - Sampling - Simulated annealing - Soil pollution control - Soils - Statistics - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Chebyshev inequalities - Classical statistics - Coefficient of variation - Environmental decision making - Environmental issues - Log-normal distribution - Remediation decision - Simulated annealing algorithms
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.7 Health Care - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 912.2 Management - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20201008263202
Title:Visual simulation of maize growth responding to armyworm (Mythimna separata) attack
Title of translation:耦合粘虫胁迫的玉米生长可视化模拟
Authors:Tang, Liyu (1, 2); Han, Wei (1, 2); Lin, Ding (1, 2); Chen, Chongcheng (1, 2); Chen, Xiaoling (1, 2); Jiang, Feng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining & Information Sharing of MOE, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350108, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center of Geospatial Information Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou; 350108, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:191-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Insect pest attack has serious consequences for plants growth and development. Biological control of pests is a potential solution, which needs to understand the quantitative interactions among various organisms in the environment for management optimization. However, it is time-consuming and laborious to determine the effect of insect attack on plants through experiments. In this paper, a new method was proposed and developed to simulate the effect of insect pest on leaves and quantify the effect of insect pest on plant growth. An improved cellular texture strategy was used for describing the appearance of leaves eaten by armyworm. The procedures are as follows: (1) to simulate the irregular eating path of pests, we use origination feature point, which is the position where the armyworm begins to eat, and critical feature point to model the pest's trajectory. The critical feature point is generated randomly within a circle, which is defined by certain distance as radius and the origination feature point as the center, and (2) to simulate armyworm eating habits, we select the closest feature point to a pixel, which is closer to the origination feature point than the distance between the pixel and the origination feature point; (3) a transparent pixel in cellular texture is used to represent the leaf area where pests will not eat. To describe wormhole intuitively and visually, cellular texture values were mapped to color, the pixels in leaf texture will be transparent when the color of corresponding cellular texture pixels are lower than a threshold. To describe the effect of leaf eaten by pest, we used the proportion of being eaten, namely the percentage of eaten leaf area to the whole leaf area. As the proportion of being eaten changes, the number of transparent pixels also changes. Therefore, the appearance of the leaves could represent conditions under various degrees of armyworm attack. Coupling armyworm attack with functional-structural model is able to quantitatively describe the interactions between armyworm and maize and visually simulate the growth of maize. Models of maize architectural development were constructed based on the L-System, which facilitates the simulation of physiological response to damage. The morphological size of each organ was calculated according to their cumulative biomass (fresh weight). For estimating the proportion of being eaten of each leaf, it is necessary to calculate the number of armyworms and the amount of their food intake, and simulate the distribution of armyworms in maize. Based on the literature review, the life cycle of armyworm was divided into 10 different stages, and every stage was further divided into multiple age classes. On the basis of daily effective accumulated temperature at each age, the number and intake of each age class in each stage of the armyworm population was simulated per day, combined with the effect of natural enemies and environmental factors on the survival of armyworms. Ray tracing algorithm was employed to simulate light interception of a canopy, and a photosynthesis model was applied to estimate biomass. To simulate the assimilate partitioning within a maize and quantify the effects of armyworms eating on whole plant structure, Friedlingstein model was used to estimate the partitioning ratio of above-ground and underground assimilate affected by leaf area index, and source-sink model and parameters from GreenLab were used to simulate the distribution of aboveground assimilate. The growth simulation also takes the effects of maize changing, armyworm damage inducing further changes that affect development into consideration. The results showed that simulation could realistic represent the vivid appearance of leaf eaten by armyworms, such as irregularity of wormhole, random selection of eaten areas and armyworms eating habits. The proposed approach can quantify the effects of armyworms attack on maize development and crop yields; it is useful for quantifying and understanding disaster degree in pest management, and it has potential for agricultural technical training and education.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Physiological models
Controlled terms:Crops - Diseases - Ecology - Flow visualization - Models - Pixels - Plants (botany) - Textures - Visualization
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Assimilate partitioning - Environmental factors - Functional-structural models - Growth and development - Physiological response - Simulation - Virtual plants
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20201008263305
Title:Discrete element simulation and experiment of picking and clearing performance of garlic seed-picking device
Title of translation:大蒜取种装置取种清种性能离散元模拟与试验
Authors:Hou, Jialin (1, 2); Wang, Houxin (1, 3); Niu, Ziru (1, 2); Xi, Rui (1); Li, Tianhua (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Company, Linyi; 276400, China
Corresponding author:Li, Tianhua(lth5460@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, garlic planting area has become larger and larger in China, however, the level of mechanization of domestic garlic cultivation is low, at present, so all the garlic cultivation still mainly relies on manpower to complete, with low working efficiency and high labor intensity, moreover, the randomness of planting parameters is not conducive to the development of garlic mechanization. Aiming at the problem of low single seed rate in garlic mechanized planting, a claw type circulation single seed taking device was designed with the design idea of "taking more and keeping one". The dynamic model of garlic seed filling and clearing was established with discrete element technology. The internal mechanism of single seed picking was clarified through single factor simulation test. In the seed-picking process, the arc radius, center angle and lateral spacing of the middle plate of the seed taking claw were taken as the test factors, and the target rate was taken as the test index. Based on the box Behnken test design principle, the multi factor simulation test was carried out, and the parameters that affect the target rate were successively the lateral spacing of the side plate of the seed taking claw, the center angle of the middle plate and the arc radius of the middle plate. In the seed cleaning process, the inclination angle of the seed cleaning grid plate was taken as the test factors, taking the qualified rate and the missed seeding rate as the test indexes. Through the one factor test design principle, the seed cleaning performance test was carried out, and the response curve was obtained. Response curve was drawn using Design Expert 8.0.6 to investigate the effect of grid tilt angle on the response value of target rate, missing rate and replay rate, and optimize the parameters of seed selection. The response curve showed that the target rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of grid tilt angle, and the target rate reached the maximum value when the grid tilt angle was about 7°. The missing rate decreased first and then increased with the increase of grid tilt angle; the replay rate increased with the increase of grid tilt angle. The increase of gate inclination decreased first and then increased, but the increase amplitude was small. The results showed that the optimal values of the parameters were the arc radius of the middle plate was 48.52 mm, the center angle of the middle plate was 72.59%, the lateral spacing of the side plate was 25.11 mm, and the inclination angle of the grid plate was 7.41°. The predicted target rate of the model was 90.64%, the qualified rate was 92.52%, and the leakage rate was 3.30%. Laboratory and field experiments were carried out, and the experimental data were consistent with the optimization results, which provided a reference for the study of garlic mechanized seeding single seed picking technology.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cleaning - Cultivation - Curve fitting - Finite difference method - Machine design - Mechanization - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Design optimization - Discrete element simulation - Garlic - Inclination angles - Laboratory and field experiments - Response surface - Single seeds - Working efficiency
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.30e+00%, Percentage 7.26e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Size 2.51e-02m, Size 4.85e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20201008265678
Title:Arrangement of fishway entrance in power station tailrace channel
Title of translation:电站尾水渠内鱼道进口位置布局
Authors:Li, Guangning (1); Sun, Shuangke (1); Qie, Zhihong (2); Guo, Ziqi (1, 2); Liu, Haitao (1); Zheng, Tiegang (1); Sun, Juanjuan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) College of Urban and Rural Construction, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) Hubei Provincial Water Resource and Hydropower Planning Survey and Design Institute, Wuhan; 430064, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:81-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In large and middle rivers, the scale of the fish way entrance is relatively small, and the design discharge is really low, which often leads to insufficient momentum of the attraction flow, and induce poor attraction effect. In practice, tailrace channel of power station is an ideal gathering place for the migration fish. Therefore, how to reasonable arrange the fishway entrance in tailrace channel is one of the key problems in fishway construction in nowadays. Although, there are some basic principles for the fishway entrance layout, but they are not enough to apply because of the complexity of flow field structure in the tailrace channel. The present research results are still not effectively to guide the specific layout of the fishway entrance in the tailrace channel. In this paper, numerical simulations are used to study the flow field for the arrangement of fishway entrance in the tailrace channel, and to evaluate the connectivity of the migration corridor to downstream river. First of all, a physical model experiment is carried out to verify the numerical model, the maximum error of the flow velocity is 0.03 m/s and the maximum error of the water surface line is less than 5 mm. Then, the numerical simulation is used to analyze the fishway entrance arrangement in the tailrace of a power station, based on the typical three-dimensional flow structure and the swimming ability of the fish. The results showed that the water flow produced by the power station unit has great momentum, and a passage which is suitable for fish migration is formed between the tail water channel and the river. The inducing fish flow is greatly influenced by the operation mode of the unit, the location of the fish inlet and the outlet direction. The operation mode of the power station not only determines the location of the main stream in the tailrace, but also forms several recirculation zones on both sides of the main stream. The flow rotation direction and position in recirculation zones have great influence on the inducing fish flow. The transition region between the mainstream and the recirculation zones is the key area for the layout of the fishway entrance. The selection of the specific location should consider the swimming ability of fish, and the connectivity with the migratory passage downstream. Because the momentum of attraction flow is less than flow of the recirculation zones, the former is enhanced and the coverage range is increased when the attraction flow has the same flow direction with the recirculation zones. When the attraction flow is opposite to the flow direction of the recirculation zones, it is restrained and the cover range will be reduced. The layout design of fish entrance should be designed through the operation mode of the power unit reasonable position and outflow direction. In practice the momentum of attraction flow is usually relatively small, the direction of the attraction flow should be in accordance with the direction of the flow in recirculation zones, and the fish entrances can be arranged in multiple locations according to the operation mode of the unit. The research results will provide important reference for the layout optimization of the fishway entrance design in the large and medium-sized river.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fishways
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Fish - Fisheries - Flow fields - Flow of water - Flow velocity - Location - Momentum - Numerical models - Power plants - Rivers - Structural design
Uncontrolled terms:Attraction flow - Flow field structure - Operation mode - Outflow direction - Physical model experiments - Rotation directions - Tailrace channel - Three-dimensional flow structure
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 631 Fluid Flow - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Size 5.00e-03m, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20201008263233
Title:Heat transfer characteristics in circulating solar heat tubes based on gas-liquid two-phase flow
Title of translation:基于气液两相流的循环集热晒管传热特性分析
Authors:Sun, Zhilin (1, 2); Hu, Qiuyue (1); Tu, Wenrong (3); Fang, Shibiao (1, 4); Yang, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan; 316021, China; (2) Tarim University, Alar; 843300, China; (3) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (4) Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Shenzhen; 518057, China
Corresponding author:Fang, Shibiao(wuyibiaobiao@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:246-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The flood irrigation method adopted in the saline-alkali land in Southern Xinjiang produced a large amount of brackish water, so realizing the resource utilization of brackish water had an important value for improving the local water shortage. Vacuum glass tube had a long history of development and a proven production process, and it was one of the indispensable components of the brackish water desalination device using solar energy. In order to improve the heating level of solar collector, study the influence of different entrance mass flow on the heating efficiency of solar collector, and solve the outstanding problems such as small receiving surface area and high heat loss rate, this paper studied and designed a kind of circulating solar heat tube with high efficiency of absorbing light and heat preservation. The circulating solar heat tube was composed of quartz vacuum straight tube, quartz elbow and connection segment. A vacuum was formed between the inner and outer tubes of the quartz straight tube to reduce the convective and conduction heat loss, and such tubes were connected in series to expand the surface area and increased the received solar energy. In this paper, the energy balance equations of the liquid phase and the gas phase of the two-fluid in the circulating solar heat tube were deduced by the micro-element analysis method, and the mathematical model of the two-phase flow in the circulating solar heat tube was established. The solution region of the two-phase flow model was discretized and iteratively solved, so that the position and mass fraction of water vapor generated in the tube under different entrance mass flow were obtained. An experiment was designed to verify the two-phase flow model. The thermal performance of the circulating solar heat tube under single-phase flow and two-phase flow conditions were analyzed, and the entrance mass flow was optimized synthetically. The results showed that the entrance mass flow of 4.42 kg/h was the critical value for the division of single-phase flow and gas-liquid flow, and when the entrance mass flow below the value of 4.42 kg/h, two-phase flow occured. The fluid temperature in the tube was inversely correlated with the entrance mass flow, and the maximum temperature can reach 120 ℃. The heat collecting efficiency of the tube was positively correlated with the inlet mass flow rate, and the maximum efficiency can reach 0.87. The optimal entrance mass flow was 4.15 kg/h though comprehensive consideration of heat collection efficiency and fluid temperature. The test results showed that the theoretical results were coincident with the measured results of two-phase flow model (pressure is 0.1MB), and the error between them was less than 2%. The results of this paper can be a useful supplement to the two-phase flow analysis in vacuum collector tubes, and also can provide reference for the local application of brackish water desalination in Southern Xinjiang.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Collector efficiency - Desalination - Electron tubes - Flow control - Heat losses - Heat transfer - Iterative methods - Liquids - Mass transfer - Mathematical models - Quartz - Saline water - Soils - Solar energy - Solar heating - Tubes (components) - Water filtration
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water desalinations - Collecting efficiency - Energy balance equations - Gas - liquid two-phase flows - Heat transfer characteristics - Iterative solutions - Resource utilizations - Two-phase flow analysis
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.15e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.23e-03kg/s, Percentage 2.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20201008265672
Title:Development of testbed for seeding performance test of drill metering device based on intermittent automatic sampling
Title of translation:间歇式自动取样条播排种器排种性能检测试验台研制
Authors:Lu, Caiyun (1); Li, Hongwen (1); He, Jin (1); Wang, Qingjie (1); Zhang, Yufan (1); Huang, Shenghai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:10-19
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problems of manual test of performance test of drill seed metering uniformity, such as time consuming and laborious, lack of automatic test means and so on, a testbed for drill seed metering performance test was designed. With the intermittent sampling mechanism, the testbed can realize automatic sampling and sowing uniformity detection at fixed intervals. Its working principle is that the seeds falling onto the conveyor belt and moving along with the conveyor belt to form the seed zoon, when the seed zoon moving into the sampling zones, a part of seeds were pushed to the outside of seed zoon by sampling plate, which has a reciprocating motion driven by the air pump, the seeds outside the seed zoon were scattered into an arc under the thrust force of sampling plate and formed the sampled seeds. The distribution of sampled seeds were imaged by the digital camera, and then the numbers of sampled seeds were obtained by image processing technology using Matlab software, which was used to evaluate the seed metering uniformity of seed metering device. Single chip microcomputer was used to control the rotary speed of seeding shaft, start and stop of sampling plate and its movement direction and the result was displayed on upper computer. The key structure and parameters of the testbed were designed, and the seed zoon width was determined to be 30 mm, the seed guard plate length was 150 mm, and the distance between the seed guard plate and the conveyor belt was controlled to be 2-3 mm. To reduce the stacking and adhesion of seeds, ensure the uniform arrangement of sampling seed zoon, and facilitate the image processing in the later stage, three sampling plates with the shape of "一", "T" and "工" were designed. Based on the analysis of the force and motion of the seeds, it was determined that "T" shape sample plate was the optimal structure, and the sampling length was 40 mm. The wheat seed metering device with external trays was used as the research object, and the center combined rotation design test was carried out with Design-Expert software. The results showed that when the rotary speed of conveyor belts driving motor was 20, 28.79 (seed rate was 5.41 g/s) and 28.79 r/min(seed rate was 3.41 g/s), the stack rate of sample seeds was 100%, 92.34% and 75.21%, separately; when the metering quantity was 6 g/s, the stack rate of sampled seed was 40.15%, and there was less stack in other treatments. Compared with the manual distance sampling, the time consuming of the intermittent automatic sampling method was about 5 s, but that of the manual distance sampling was about 1 min, and the time increased with the increase of sample seeds number, which made the time difference larger. The result illustrated that testbed for seeding performance test of drill crop based on intermittent automatic sampling was reasonable, which could improve the working efficiency.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Plates (structural components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Belt conveyors - Design - Drilling - Drills - Image processing - Infill drilling - Machine design - MATLAB - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Structural optimization - Testbeds
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic sampling - Image processing technology - Intermittent samplings - Optimal structures - Reciprocating motion - Seed metering devices - Seeding performance - Single chip microcomputers
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 692.1 Conveyors - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 3.41e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.41e-03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 6.00e-03kg/s, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 4.01e+01%, Percentage 7.52e+01%, Percentage 9.23e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m to 3.00e-03m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m, Time 5.00e+00s, Time 6.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20201008263279
Title:Effects of coupling of nursing seedling densities and seedling fetching area on transplanting quality and yield of hybrid rice
Title of translation:育秧播种密度与取秧面积耦合对杂交稻机插质量和产量的影响
Authors:Li, Zehua (1); Ma, Xu (2); Chen, Lintao (2); Li, Hongwei (2); Huang, Yiqiang (3); Li, Junrong (3); Luo, Guowu (4); Yao, Junhao (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mathematic and Information, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Zhaoqing Institute of Agricultural Science, Zhaoqing; 526070, China; (4) General Station of Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension in Guangdong, Guangzhou; 510515, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Xu(maxu1959@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:20-30
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical transplanting of hybrid rice is a difficult problem in rice production mechanization. In order to solve this problem, a new mechanized transplanting method of coupling nursing seedling density and seedling fetching area for hybrid rice is proposed according to the agronomic requirements for mechanical transplanting technology of hybrid rice. The comparison tests of different coupling transplanting methods with different nursing seedling densities are arranged in Jiangmen City, Zhaoqing City and Shantou City of Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2018. The influence of coupling transplanting methods for transplanting quality, root damage rate and rooting ability are analyzed. Based on field production comparison tests, the yield and its characteristics of hybrid rice coupling transplanting with different nursing seedling densities are investigated. The results show that: 1) Under the existing technical conditions, the transplanting quality of coupling transplanting methods under different nursing seedling densities is good. The proportion of 1-3 plants per hole is between 80.67% and 95.33%, and the proportion of 1-4 plants per hole is more than 90.67%. The seed bed soil type is an important factor in seedlings and transplanting quality. When the nursing seedling density exceeds 50 g/tray, the missing plant rate is 3.50%-6.38%, with an average of 5.11%, which basically meets the agronomic requirements of hybrid rice mechanical transplanting. 2) The root damage rate of coupling transplanting with different nursing seedling densities is 15.37%-31.16%. When the nursing seedling density is higher than 40 g/tray, the root damage rate is increased with the increase of the nursing seedling density. There is a negative correlation between rooting ability and root damage rate, and the correlation coefficient is -0.949 3. When the difference of nursing seedling density is no more than 10 g/tray, there is no significant difference of rooting ability. When the difference of nursing seedling density is more than 20 g/tray, the difference of rooting ability reaches a significant level. 3) For the different coupling transplanting methods, the yield of 50 g/tray mechanized transplanting is the highest, the rules of yield of different coupling transplanting methods are as follows: 50 g/tray mechanized transplanting >transplanting by hand of pot seedling >60 g/tray mechanized transplanting >70 g/tray mechanized transplanting or 90 g/tray mechanized transplanting. It is found that the actual yield of different coupling transplanting methods did not reach the yield of variety zone test. The yield performance is that the panicle number per unite area and filled-grain percentage of mechanical coupling transplanting methods are less than that of variety zone test, but the panicle length is reached or slightly exceeded that of variety zone test. The research conclusions have important reference value to overcome the problem of hybrid rice mechanized transplanting.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Nursing
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Machinery - Mechanization - Soil quality
Uncontrolled terms:Hybrid rice - Rice - Root damage - Seedling density - Seedling fetching area - Yield
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 601 Mechanical Design - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.54e+01% to 3.12e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+00% to 6.38e+00%, Percentage 5.11e+00%, Percentage 8.07e+01% to 9.53e+01%, Percentage 9.07e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20201008263170
Title:Development of 4CL-1 self-propelled combine harvester for green onion
Title of translation:4CL-1型自走式大葱联合收获机的研制
Authors:Wang, Fangyan (1); Sun, Guangquan (1); Shang, Shuqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Shuqi(sqshang@qau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:39-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the agronomic requirements and planting methods of domestic green onion planting, a self-propelled green onion combine harvester was designed. The machine is composed of walking system, transmission system, combined excavating device, clearing device, clamping conveyor, torsion paving device, and so on. It can complete the excavating, cleaning, lifting and laying of green onion at one time. Based on the theoretical analysis of power configuration requirements for the machine and motion relationship of each key component, the overall power of the machine and the gear ratio of each stage were determined, and the structural parameters of the key components were designed. The whole drive system consists of mechanical transmission part and hydraulic transmission part. The power coordination of walking system and excavating system is realized by the mechanical transmission part. The position adjustment of the excavating system, the rotation speed control of the clamping conveyor and the torsion paving device are realized by the hydraulic transmission. The combined excavating device composed of rotary loosening knife group and V-type excavating shovel, as the core part of green onion harvesting, affects the excavating effect and harvesting quality. That has a strong applicability to improve the excavating depth of green onion, realize step-by-step loosening and excavation of the soil, reduce excavation resistance and avoid harvesting congestion. The rotary loosening knife group completes the cutting of the soil on both sides, the V- type excavating shovel realizes the bottom excavation and lifting of the soil, the rod conveyor chain transports and lifts the green onions and the initial cleaning of the onion-attached soil, and the clearing roller remove residual soil from roots of green onion. The two-stage soil cleaning is composed of rod conveyor chain and soil cleaning roller to ensure the effect of soil cleaning and impurity removal. To alleviate the extrusion damage of green onion, the effective feeding and flexible clamping of green onion can be completed by clamping conveyor to adapt to different green onion sizes. Designing the speed of the rod conveyor chain, the forward speed of the machine and the clamping conveying speed, to understand the speed matching relationship among them, and ensure that the soil at the root of the green onion is cleaned and the clamping conveying is stable. The reversal conveying and laying mechanism can change the vertical clamping to horizontal conveying of green onion, and the orderly laying of green onion can be completed. The field test results show that the removal rate, damage rate, loss rate and productivity of the machine are 99.50%, 1.40%, 0.70% and 0.049 hm<sup>2</sup>/h, respectively. The machine solves the problems of large excavation resistance, unstable clamping and conveying, unclean root soil cleaning, disorderly laying, etc. This research can provide basis for design and development of green onion harvesting and equipment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Conveyors - Design - Electric power transmission - Excavation - Harvesters - Harvesting - Pavements - Removal - Shovels - Soils - Speed - Torsional stress - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Design and Development - Excavating - Green onion - Mechanical transmission - Power configuration - Self-propelled - Structural parameter - Transmission systems
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 692.1 Conveyors - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01%, Percentage 9.95e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20201008263205
Title:Effects of variety and moisture content on mechanical properties of millet
Title of translation:品种及含水率对谷子籽粒力学性质的影响
Authors:Qiu, Shujin (1); Yuan, Xiangyang (2); Guo, Yuming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Wu, Xinhui (1); Zhang, Zhiyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:322-326
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to clarify the rheological mechanical properties of millet grain group during mechanical harvesting and processing, this paper studied the effects of different varieties and different moisture contents on the creep characteristics of millet grain group. In this experiment, different varieties (Jingu 21, Zhangza 10), and different moisture contents (12.10%, 16.05%, 20.00%) of millet grain group were selected as creep experimental factors. The creep characteristics (instantaneous elastic modulus, delayed elastic modulus, relaxation time and viscosity coefficient) of millet seed group were used as experimental indicators, and one-way analysis of variance and multi-factor analysis of variance were performed. Based on the original contents of millet seed group, the target moisture contents of the millet grain group were formulated to be 12.10%, 16.05%, 20.00%. The experiment was conducted on the CMT-6104 universal testing machine, and the special fixture for testing the creep characteristics of millet grain group was designed. Combining the Burgers model, nonlinear programming method was used to optimize search regression parameters, and creep parameters of millet grain group were obtained. The creep curve of millet grain group of different varieties showed that, as time going on, the amount of deformation caused by creep tended to be constant, which reaching the strain saturation. There were differences in the millet grain group creep characteristic curves of the different varieties. The significance test standard was 0.05, and the variance analysis was performed. The results showed that the creep characteristics of millet grain group could be described by the four-element Burgers model, and the creep parameters of millet grain group with different moisture content and different varieties were different. The variety had a significant effect on the delayed elastic modulus of the millet grain group. The delayed elastic modulus of the Jingu 21 millet grain group was higher than that of Zhangza 10. The moisture content had significant effects on the instantaneous elastic modulus, delayed elastic modulus and viscosity coefficient of the millet grain group, which was decreasing while the moisture increasing. The instantaneous elastic modulus of the millet grain group with the water content of 12.10% was significantly higher than the water content of 16.05% and 20.00%. The delayed elastic modulus of the millet grain group with the moisture content of 12.10% was significantly higher than the water content of 20.00%. The instantaneous elastic modulus and the delayed elastic modulus represented elasticity and hardness of the millet grain group, respectively. With the increasing of the moisture content of the millet grain group, the instantaneous elastic modulus and the delayed elastic modulus of millet grain group decreased, resulting in a high increasing of the creep curve. The strain in the screw conveyor of combine harvester was correspondingly larger. In this paper, the creep properties of millet grain group with different varieties and different moisture contents were studied experimentally, which provided theoretical support for low-loss harvesting, processing and storage and parameter optimization of millet. There are many factors affecting the mechanical properties of the material, in addition to the influence of moisture contents and varieties, it is also related to many factors such as temperature, internal molecular structure and chemical composition of the material, et al. The rheological properties of agricultural materials need to be further studied in conjunction with the principles of life sciences.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Creep - Creep testing - Elastic moduli - Mechanical properties - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nonlinear programming - Viscosity - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Creep characteristics - Different moisture contents - Grain groups - Nonlinear programming methods - Parameter optimization - Universal testing machines - Variety - Viscosity coefficient
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20201008265291
Title:Improving yield and quality of autumn tea with drip irrigation under appropriate nitrogen and potassium fertilization
Title of translation:适宜施氮钾水平提高滴灌秋茶的产量及品质
Authors:Pang, Yonglei (1, 4); Wang, Fengxin (1); Huang, Zejun (1); Li, Bin (2); Hu, Fangdong (3); Xia, Yingsan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Rizhao Lanshan District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rizhao; 276800, China; (3) Shandong Wanping Agriculture Development Co., Ltd, Rizhao; 276800, China; (4) Shandong Xingshui Water Resources Technology Industry Co., Ltd, Jinan; 250000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Fengxin(fxinwang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:98-103
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a country with the highest tea production and planting area in the world, but the average yield per unit area is low and the production scale of high-quality tea develops very slowly. Unreasonable fertilization is one of the key factors restricting the improvement of yield and quality of tea. Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different nitrogen (pure N) fertilization levels (0 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, N0; 45 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, N1; 75 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, N2; 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, N3) and potassium (K<inf>2</inf>O) fertilization levels (0 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K0; 27 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K1; 54 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K2; 81 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K3) on autumn tea yield and quality under drip irrigation in Rizhao, Shandong Province from May to October in 2018. The results showed that the yield of autumn tea increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilization in the range of 0-75 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, then reached the maximum value in the range of 75-105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2 and N2K2). Nitrogen fertilization could significantly increase the content of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll but had no significant effect on chlorophyll b, the chlorophyll content was the highest at a nitrogen fertilization rate of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2). The content of amino acid, caffeine and water extract of each nitrogen treatment increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilization rate, and the maximum value was obtained at the nitrogen fertilization rate of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2). The ratio of phenol to amino acid was applied to nitrogen reached a minimum value of 10.97 at the nitrogen fertilization of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2) which was significantly lower than other treatments. The maximum content of tea polyphenols was obtained at the nitrogen fertilization amount of 75 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K2). The yield of autumn tea increased with the increase of potassium fertilization and reached the maximum yield of 1 711.37 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K3) when the potassium fertilization amount was 81 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was 23.58% higher than that the treatment without potassium fertilization. All the treatments with potassium fertilization had a significantly higher yield of autumn tea than the N2K0 treatment, however, there was no significant difference between the potassium fertilization treatments. Potassium fertilization promoted the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll, and when potassium fertilization rate was 81 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K3), chlorophyll content was the highest. The content of caffeine reached the maximum at the potassium fertilization rate of 81 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K3). The content of amino acids, tea polyphenol, and water extracts respectively reached a maximum at the potassium fertilization amount of 54 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K2). The ratio of phenol to amino acid reached a minimum value kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of 11.49 when potassium was applied at 27 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N2K1). Comprehensively thinking of yield and quality of all fertilization treatments, the highest autumn tea yield (N2K2, N3K2 and N2K3) and chlorophyll content (N3K2 and N2K3) were obtained at the nitrogen fertilization rate of 75-105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and potassium fertilization rate of 54-81 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, while the nitrogen fertilization rate of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and potassium fertilization rate of 54 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2) obtained the maximum content of caffeine and minimum ratio of phenol to amino acid. All treatments had no significant effect on the content of autumn tea water extracts. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilization amount of 105 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and potassium fertilization amount of 54 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (N3K2) had the most significant promoting effect on the yield and quality of autumn tea and was recommended as an optimal combination for fertilization management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Caffeine - Chlorophyll - Image quality - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Phenols - Potassium - Tea
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Content of chlorophyll - Drip irrigation - Nitrogen fertilization - Nitrogen treatment - Optimal combination - Potassium fertilization - Yield
Classification code:549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.36e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20201008263249
Title:Mechanical and biological characteristics analysis of mechanically transplanted rapeseed substrate block seedlings
Title of translation:油菜机械移栽载苗基质块力学与生物学特性分析
Authors:Hu, Qiaolei (1); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wang, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:58-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The physical characteristics of rapeseed substrate block seedlings could affect its mechanical transplanting. In this paper, we measured the mechanical and biological characteristics of cubic rapeseed substrate block and link them to the safety in collecting, transporting and transplanting rapeseed substrate block seedlings. Orthogonal experiments were designed with substrate components ratio of earthworm dung, yellow brown soil, vermiculite mixture in the substrate at 1:2:1, 1:1:1 and 2:1:1 respectively, their associated compactness at 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 respectively, and the concentration of boron and selenium in the solution at 0.24%, 0.27% and 0.30% respectively. We measured the mechanical characteristics of the rapeseed substrate block seeding (including its yield strength and drop loss rate) and the biological characteristics of the seedlings (including strong seedling index, substrate encapsulation degree and root robustness). The results showed that both substrate composition and compaction affected the mechanical characteristics of the rapeseed substrate block seedling, the seedling growth and root robustness at significant level or above; the concentration of boron and selenium also had a significant impact on the mechanical characteristic of the rapeseed substrate block seedlings. Substrate encapsulation degree and root robustness were both significantly affected by substrate composition ratio, compactness and concentration of the boron and selenium. The yield strength and drop loss rate of the rapeseed substrate block seedlings increased with both content and compactness of the yellow brown soil. With earthworm feces content increasing, the strong seedling index, substrate encapsulation degree and root robustness increased first followed by a decline. An increase in compaction degree and concentration of boron and selenium also resulted in an increase followed by decline in substrate encapsulation degree and root robustness. We used a comprehensive scoring method to determine the optimal combination of the seedling-raising factors by taking yield strength, strong seedling index, substrate encapsulation degree, root robustness and drop loss rate as evaluating factors with each having a weighting coefficient of 0.2. The results showed that the mechanical characteristics and the growth quality of the seedlings peaked when the ratio of all substrate components was 1:1:1, the compactness was 1.2 and the concentration of boron and selenium was 0.30%. A bench test results revealed that the requirements for mechanical transplanting were met when the transverse seedling pushing-speed was 20 mm/s, synchronous conveyor belt speed was 30 mm/s, the seedling picking frequency was 40 plants/min, the substrate loss rate was 2.57%, in which the feeding seedling successful rate was 90.93%. The failure of sending and collecting the seedlings could occur 1) in the process of mechanical transplanting where seedlings intertwined, resulting in an instability of the gravitational center of the seedlings, 2) in that the home-made transplanter might not be accurate enough in the bench test as there was a gap between the feeding tray and the synchronous conveyor belt, and that the installation angle of the row feeding device might bear errors. All these could result in the feeding-seedlings rate dropping to 90%.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Belt conveyors - Boron - Compaction - Drops - Feeding - Machinery - Mechanization - Oilseeds - Selenium - Transplants - Yield stress
Uncontrolled terms:Biological characteristic - Characteristic analysis - Gravitational centers - Mechanical characteristics - Orthogonal experiment - Physical characteristics - Rapeseed substrate block seedling - Substrate composition
Classification code:462.4 Prosthetics - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 601 Mechanical Design - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 692.1 Conveyors - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.40e-01%, Percentage 2.57e+00%, Percentage 2.70e-01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.09e+01%, Velocity 2.00e-02m/s, Velocity 3.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20201008263280
Title:Development of automatic control system for straw smashing height adjustment device of back throwing type no-tillage planter
Title of translation:后抛式免耕播种机碎秸装置离地高度自动控制系统研制
Authors:Wu, Huichang (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wu, Feng (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Qiu, Tian (1); Zhang, Yanhua (1); Chen, Youqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the core technology of mechanized conservation tillage, no-tillage sowing is a new type of agricultural cultivation method popularized in recent years, it directly sows in the field where the straw and roots of the former crops are left, which not only reduces water evaporation and soil erosion, but also can ensure the germination and growth of seeds, which is conducive to water storage and conservation, increasing production and income, and at the same time improving soil fertility to some extent. However, after the harvest of the former crops without any collection and removal treatment, the "full amount of straw field" has become the new normal state of China's cultivation. The traditional no-tillage seeding equipments are prone to easily increase the workload of straw crushing device when it entering the soil and extinguishing stubble, which causes the blockage and jamming of straw conveying device. In order to solve this problem, the back-throwing type no-tillage straw smashing planter was taken as the research object in this paper, and an automatic control system based on off-ground height of the straw smashing device was developed. Torsional deformation acquisition device was created based on a double fan-shaped through hole metal detection disc and proximity switch, which was installed at both ends of the driving shaft to effectively monitor the rotation speed of the driving shaft and the stagger angle caused by the change of torque load. The design was based on the 32-bit ARM CortexTM-M3 core microprocessor hardware platform, which constituted the data acquisition and output drive unit of the automatic control system, the driving shaft rotation speed and stagger angle was collected in real time, the change trend was analysed through the system software, and current working conditions was identified. According to the corresponding output control signal, the straw height adjusting mechanism timely corrects the off-ground height of the straw smashing and conveying device to stabilize the working load. The straw height adjustment mechanism was composed of a solenoid valve, a hydraulic cylinder, a fixed bracket and a supporting ground wheel. The hydraulic cylinder's high pressure driving oil was taken directly from the working tractor to improve the applicability of the device. The performance verification test showed that under the driving shaft's rated rotation speed of 2 500 r/min, when the height of the straw crusher off the ground changed the working load, the automatic control system controled the rotation speed of the driving shaft between 2448 and 2632 r/min, the change of the stagger angle of the driving shaft was ± 0.002 4 rad, and the response delay time of the control signal to the change of the stagger angle was 0.24 s. The field operation comparison test showed that when the back-throwing type no-tillage straw smashing planter was equipped with automatic control system based on off-ground height of the straw smashing device, the passability of the machine was greatly improved, the occurrence of blockage was eliminated, the operation efficiency was increased by 52.9%, and the height of surface stubble was reduced by 43.4% after straw smashing operation. In conclusion, The design of this paper uses the change trend of the driving shaft rotation speed and stagger angle to identify the working condition, effectively eliminating the influence of mechanical structure parameters and material differences, and the mechanical structure is light and easy to install, which can provide reference for qualitative monitoring of torque load of agricultural machinery.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Cultivation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automation - Control engineering - Control systems - Crops - Crushers - Cylinders (shapes) - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Machine design - Mechanical actuators - Process control - Rotation - Seed - Soil conservation - Soils - Solenoid valves - Speed - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural cultivation - Mechanical structure parameters - Off-ground height - Operation efficiencies - Output control signals - Performance verification - Stagger angle - Torsional deformations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 619 Pipes, Tanks and Accessories; Plant Engineering Generally - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.34e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.45e+03RPM to 2.63e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.50e+03RPM, Time 2.40e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20201008263168
Title:Real-time classification and detection of citrus based on improved single short multibox detecter
Title of translation:基于改进SSD的柑橘实时分类检测
Authors:Li, Shanjun (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); Hu, Dingyi (1, 2); Gao, Shumin (1, 2); Lin, Jiahao (1, 2); An, Xiaosong (1, 2); Zhu, Ming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) China Agriculture (Citrus) Research System, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Wuhan; 430070, China; (5) Citrus Mechanization Research Base, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Ming(13801392760@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:307-313
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Manually classifying citrus based on its surface defects is tedious and time-consuming and a new real-time method is proposed in this paper based on the improved SSD deep learning model. In the testing bench of the waxing machine, 2 500 images of a variety of citrus species were taken, of which 2 000 were randomly selected as training set and 500 as testing set. Among them, the method classified 19 507 as normal, 9 097 skin defects and 4 327 mechanically damaged. Considering that traditional methods using near-infrared spectra, support vector machines, HSV and RGB color space model are inefficient to detect surface defects of citrus and can only identify one, we proposed an improved method to calculate the image using the one-stage detection model - SSD-ResNet18. The method gets the feature maps through backbone first, and then predicts the number of boundary boxes from the feature maps before determining the location and category of citrus using confidence and non-maximum suppression. This can detect a batch of citrus. In the proposed method, we used the mAP (mean average precision) as the precision index and the mean detection time as the speed index. Optimization in the proposed method was solved using the SGD (stochastic gradient descent) algorithm. The learning scheduler was based on cosine decay, enabling the learning rate to drop to 0 at the end of the training period. This ensures the lost value during the training period to continuously decline. As the model was stable at the end of the training period, it can be saved at the end of the training for further use. While the VGG16 was used as the original SSD backbone, it needs a multitude of parameters and is hence computationally inefficient. We replaced it with the ResNet18, which is approximately 100 times more efficient than the VGG16. An improved feature map was obtained from the analysis of the effective sensory field of different feature maps and the size of citrus in the map, the anchor in which was obtained using the K-means clustering algorithm from the manual label box. The suitable image resolution for the proposed model was obtained by comparing images taken at five resolutions: 512×512 pixels, 640×640 pixels, 768×768 pixels, 896×896 pixels and 1024×1024 pixels. The results showed that the accuracy of the mAP of SSD-ResNet18 was 87.89%, improving 0.34 percentage points higher than the original SSD. The average detecting time of the SSD-ResNet18 was 20.72 ms, reduced by 436.90% compared to the original SSD's 108.83 ms. The accuracy of the AP of SSD-ResNet18 was 94.72%, 85.79% and 83.17%, respectively, for detecting normal, skin lesion and mechanical damage. We compared MobileNetV3, ESPNetV2, VoVNet39 and ResNet18 as backbones and did not find significant difference between their accuracy, but ResNet18 was 10.52 ms, 16.78 ms and 36.76 ms less than MobileNetV3, ESPNetV2 and VoVNet39 in detection time, respectively. The method proposed in the paper meets the requirement on detecting speed in real-time citrus production line and can effectively classify and detect a multitude of citrus simultaneously.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Learning systems
Controlled terms:Damage detection - Deep learning - Gradient methods - Image enhancement - Image resolution - Infrared devices - K-means clustering - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Object recognition - Pixels - Sensory analysis - Stochastic systems - Support vector machines - Surface defects - Vector spaces
Uncontrolled terms:Citrus - Citrus production - Mechanical damages - Near infrared spectra - Non-maximum suppression - Nondestructive detection - ResNet18 - Stochastic gradient descent
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.37e+02%, Percentage 8.32e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%, Time 1.05e-02s, Time 1.09e-01s, Time 1.68e-02s, Time 2.07e-02s, Time 3.68e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20201008263215
Title:Research progress and prospects of complex soil erosion
Title of translation:土壤复合侵蚀研究进展与展望
Authors:Zhang, Pan (1, 2); Yao, Wenyi (1); Liu, Guobin (2); Xiao, Peiqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Loss Process and Control on the Loess Plateau of Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Wenyi(wyyao@yrihr.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Complex soil erosion is an erosion phenomenon that occurs under the interaction or coupling of two or more erosive forces, and is one of the most difficult ecological problems to be managed. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the mechanism of complex erosion, the effect of complex erosion on soil degradation, and the simulation technology of multi-dynamic erosion interaction. Based on previous research, this paper systematically summarizes the research progress of the types and characteristics, mechanism and research methods of complex erosion. The main problems in the research are analyzed, and some key scientific problems to be solved in the future research on the law of complex erosion and the method of simulation test are put forward. Due to the obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity and the complexity driven by multi dynamics in complex erosion, the existing research results are still quite different, and the dynamic mechanism of the occurrence and development of complex erosion is still unknown. The research on theory and method of complex erosion simulation and quantitative assessment is still very weak. In particular, there is a lack of effective test key technology to reveal the multi power driving relationship. At present, the problems in the study of complex erosion mainly include: 1) The multi-dynamic interaction relationship in complex erosion is not studied as a complete dynamic system; 2) The spatial-temporal variation relationship between complex erosion process and environmental factors is not clear enough; 3) It is still a key problem to quantitatively identify the contribution rate of each driving factor in the process of complex erosion; 4) The quantitative research on the coupling and superposition of multi dynamic factors in the process of complex erosion is not enough. In the future, the dynamic mechanism of the occurrence and development of complex erosion and the simulation of multi dynamic decomposition will become the key research direction. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the complex erosion model under multi dynamic interaction, clarify the feedback mechanism of vegetation pattern on complex erosion, reveal the coupling mechanism of ecosystem degradation and complex erosion under multi dynamic stress, establish the identification method of the coupling relationship between multi dynamic complex erosion and sediment yield, and break through the theory and technology of complex erosion simulation. This will promote the development of complex erosion research from qualitative to quantitative, from process to mechanism, and will greatly enrich the research content of soil erosion dynamics, ecology and other related disciplines. We should focus on the following research directions: the simulation technology of rainfall-wind tunnel-freeze-thaw multi-dynamic alternating cycle test based on multi-source data fusion, quantitative evaluation technique and method for driving factor in compound erosion system, identification and quantification of sediment yield process under different coupling conditions of multi-dynamics in order to provide reference for related research.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:56
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Data fusion - Dynamics - Ecology - Freezing - Soils - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Coupling relationships - Driving factors - Dynamic interaction - Erosion effects - Quantitative assessments - Quantitative evaluation - Simulation technologies - Spatiotemporal heterogeneities
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20201008263197
Title:Current situation and control strategies of residual film pollution in Xinjiang
Title of translation:新疆农田残膜污染现状及防控策略
Authors:Hu, Can (1, 2); Wang, Xufeng (2); Chen, Xuegeng (3); Tang, Xiuying (1); Zhao, Yan (3); Yan, Changrong (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tarim University, Alar; 843300, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (4) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Key Laboratory of Dry Land Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xuegeng(chenxg130@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:223-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Plastic pollution has become a global environmental concern and residual plastic films resulted from agricultural production played a significant part in it. Xinjiang in China is a region of 160 million hectares and its agricultural production is mainly in the proximal areas of the Taklamakan desert - the second largest desert in the world. Rainfall in Xinjiang is scanty but sunshine is abundant. For reducing evaporation, therefore, approximately 3.478 million hm<sup>2</sup> of croplands in Xinjiang is mulched annually by over 200,000 tons of plastic films, making Xinjiang the most contaminated region by residual plastic films in China. In this paper, we analyzed the distribution of residual plastic films in croplands in Xinjiang based on literature review, consulting and field surveys. The results showed that the residual plastic films in soil were found mainly in three layers: soil surface, 0-12 cm and 12-30 cm layers, among which 6%-8.33% was on the soil surface, 53.99%-68% in 0-12 cm layer and 26%-37.68% in 12-30 cm layer. We also analyzed the reasons behind residual film pollution, including costs of the mulch film, its mechanical properties and factors affecting its recovery. Comprehensive technologies for alleviating residual film pollution in Xinjiang were evaluated, which include improving agronomic control, using degradable films and improving film recycling. We also discussed the difficulties faced by implementation of these technologies, especially in integrating agricultural machinery and agronomical technology, mechanical recovery of the films, and systems to monitor and evaluate the residual film pollution. To ameliorate the film contamination, legal regulation for improving treatment of residual film pollution should be mandatory and new technique of integrating agricultural machinery-agronomy-agricultural film should be developed. In addition to these, methods such as boosting residual film degradation in soil, developing new plastic film, and innovating strategies to prevent and control residual film pollution, should be sought. Currently, PE mulch is still the main application in agricultural production and future research should focus on developing new degradable mulch to replace the PE mulch. In summary, mitigating residual film pollution in croplands in Xinjiang should follow 1) "restraining the increase in film production, and reducing the film stock", 2) increasing mechanical recovery, standardizing film, optimizing cropping systems, and establishing recycling systems.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:116
Main heading:Soil pollution control
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agronomy - Films - Plastic films - Plastic recycling - Pollution - Recycling - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive technology - Comprehensive treatment - Control strategies - Environmental concerns - Literature reviews - Plastic pollutions - Prevention and controls
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.81e+08kg, Percentage 2.60e+01% to 3.77e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01% to 6.80e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00% to 8.33e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.20e-01m, Size 1.20e-01m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20201008264660
Title:Nondestructive testing and grading of preserved duck eggs based on machine vision and near-infrared spectroscopy
Title of translation:利用机器视觉与近红外光谱技术的皮蛋无损检测与分级
Authors:Wang, Qiaohua (1, 2); Mei, Lu (1); Ma, Meihu (2, 3); Gao, Sheng (1); Li, Qinxu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) National Egg Processing Technology Research and Development Sub Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:314-321
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Preserved duck eggs are made from fresh duck eggs. The protein was denatured in the alkali liquor, and the preserved egg was divided into 3 grades according to the quality of the gel. The first grade eggs are the preserved duck egg that are solidified in a gel state and belong to the high quality eggs. The second grade eggs are the slight alkali-damaged. After peeling, there are cases of sticky shell, rotten head, sallow, etc. But they can still be eaten, which are the inferior eggs. The third grade eggs are the water-sounding egg. They are liquefied into water in eggs. They cannot be eaten, which are bad eggs. Over the years, the classification of preserved duck eggs in the egg industry is entirely dependent on manual work, which is cumbersome and inefficient, and the market urgently needs relevant detection technology. The quality classification of preserved duck egg gel was studied based on machine vision and near-infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the use of machine vision and near-infrared spectroscopy alone could not accurately classify preserved duck eggs, the grading accuracy was 75% and 78.33%, respectively. But the combination of the two technology could achieve the classification of preserved duck eggs. Firstly, the transmitted light images of preserved duck eggs were collected by using industrial camera. The MATLAB was used to extract 18 image color feature values in RGB, HSV and CIELab or Lab color eigenvalues. Then the extracted 18-dimensional features were reduced by principal component analysis (PCA). The 601 samples were randomly divided into 433 training sets and 168 test sets. And the genetic algorithm-support vector machine (GA-SVM) classification model was built for the three principal components of the PCA. The preserved duck egg samples were divided into edible eggs (high quality eggs and inferior eggs) and inedible eggs (bad eggs). The 60 inedible eggs (bad eggs) in the test set were all judged correctly. The 103 of the 108 edible eggs (high quality eggs and inferior eggs) were judged correctly and 5 were misjudged. Test set recognition rate of bad eggs was 100%. Then the near-infrared spectroscopy technique was used to obtain the original spectrum of edible eggs (high quality eggs and inferior eggs). Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) was performed, and the characteristic wavelength was extracted by using competitive adaptive re-weighted sampling (CARS) which extracted 75 data in the range of 4 420-51 52 cm<sup>-1</sup> and 5 538-7 042 cm<sup>-1</sup> characteristic bands. The 401 samples were randomly divided into 293 training sets and 108 test sets. Based on the support vector machine (SVM), a hierarchical model was established for the characteristic wavelength variable, and edible high quality eggs and inferior eggs were separated. The test set selected 108 edible eggs, including 57 high quality eggs and 51 inferior eggs. 54 high quality eggs and 49 inferior eggs were judged correctly. The recognition rate of high quality egg test set was 96.49%, and that of inferior egg was 94.12%. The results showed that it was feasible to perform non-destructive classification of preserved duck egg based on machine vision and near-infrared spectroscopy. In practical applications, machine vision technology can be used to separate the inferior eggs, and then the near-infrared spectroscopy technique is used to separate the high-quality eggs from the defective eggs. The result provides a reference for realizing the online non-destructive testing of preserved duck eggs.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Computer vision
Controlled terms:Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Genetic algorithms - Grading - Hierarchical systems - Infrared devices - Machine components - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nondestructive examination - Principal component analysis - Separation - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Classification models - Duck egg - Gel qualities - Genetic algorithm support vector machines - Machine vision technologies - Multiplicative scatter correction - Non destructive testing - Quality classification
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.83e+01%, Percentage 9.41e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20201008263331
Title:Effects of boron mud on anaerobic fermentation of heavy metal chromium and its spectral characteristics in pig manure
Title of translation:硼泥对猪粪厌氧发酵重金属铬及其光谱特性的影响
Authors:Li, Yi (1); Gong, Xinglong (1); Yu, Jiaqi (1); Guo, Jingyang (1); Qu, Zhuangzhuang (1); Zhang, Zhen (1); Yi, Weiming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Weiming(yiweiming@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:255-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, with the development of Chinese animal husbandry, some heavy metals have been added to animal feed to speed up the growth of livestock and poultry and prevent diseases. But most heavy metals can not be absorbed and digested, resulting in increasingly serious pollution problems of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure, which seriously affects the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. Anaerobic fermentation is an effective approach to deal with manure pollution. In this paper, using pig manure as the processing object, the heavy metals Cr as the research object, by adding different amounts of boron mud (boron content is 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% of dry matter content) The anaerobic fermentation period is 60 days, fermentation temperature is of 35℃, inoculum quantity is of 30% fermentation raw material, total solid is of 10% and pH value is of 7. The speciation analysis of heavy metal Cr are analyzed by BCR sequential extraction and the spectral characteristics of biogas residue before and after anaerobic fermentation are studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), effects of different amount of boron on morphological changes, effective passivation effect and spectral characteristics before and after anaerobic fermentation residue. The aim of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure. Through the above experimental research, the following main conclusions are drawn: 1) After the end of anaerobic fermentation, the effective content of heavy metal Cr in each treatment decreased. The effective state of heavy metal Cr decreased by 6.06 percentage points in pig manure alone, and the effective content of heavy metal Cr in pig manure added boron decreased by 11.33 percentage points, 13.40 percentage points and 14.98 percentage points, respectively. It is indicated that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure and boron is beneficial to convert the heavy metal Cr from the effective state to the stable state. With the increase of the added amount of boron, the proportion of the effective Cr content to the total content of heavy metals is lower. The proportion of heavy metal Cr in the treatment of pig manure added with 7.5% boron is relatively large. 2) The passivation effect of the effective form of heavy metal Cr in pig manure alone was 24.17%, and the effective passivation effect of heavy metal Cr in pig manure was 44.32%, 55.38% and 63.79%, respectively. It is indicated that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure added boron is beneficial to improve the passivation effect of heavy metal Cr. With the increase of boron addition, the passivation effect of heavy metal Cr is better. The significant analysis showed that the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure added boron had significant difference in the passivation of heavy metal Cr (P<0.05). The passivation effect of pig manure added with 7.5% boron was better than other treatment groups, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). 3) Fourier infrared spectroscopy showed that the materials of each treatment group had similar spectral characteristics before and after anaerobic fermentation. After anaerobic fermentation, the relative intensity of the absorption peaks of the biogas residue of each treatment group decreased at 3 408-3 450 and 2 850-2 922 cm<sup>-1</sup>, indicating that the organic matter such as amide compound, carbohydrate, protein, and aliphatic compound in the biogas residue were decomposed and reduced. The absorption peak intensity increased, indicating that the olefins, aromatic compounds and other substances in the biogas residue increased. The addition of boron during the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure is beneficial to the reduction of organic matter content, the increase of humus content, and the humification degree of organic matter is better when the amount of boron sludge is 7.5%. Adding an appropriate amount of heavy metal passivating agent to the anaerobic fermentation of pig manure can reduce the effectiveness of heavy metals in the biogas residue and the risk of heavy metal pollution.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Manures
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Aliphatic compounds - Amides - Anoxic sediments - Atmospheric spectra - Biogas - Biogeochemistry - Boron - Chemical contamination - Chromium - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Heavy metals - Mammals - Passivation - Pollution - Soils - Speed control
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation residues - BCR sequential extraction - Fermentation temperature - Heavy metal pollution - Morphological changes - Organic matter content - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 539.2.1 Protection Methods - 543.1 Chromium and Alloys - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.43e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.54e+01%, Percentage 6.38e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20201008265800
Title:Development and test of three arms tractor-mounted flower thinner
Title of translation:三节臂机载式疏花机的研制与试验
Authors:Lei, Xiaohui (1); Lv, Xiaolan (1); Zhang, Meina (1); Li, Xue (1); Chang, Youhong (2); Herbst, Andreas (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI, Messeweg, Braunschweig; 38104, Germany
Corresponding author:Lv, Xiaolan(lxlanny@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:31-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Thinning is one of the three labor-consuming sections (pruning, thinning and harvesting) in orchard management process. Chemical thinning, not only unstable but also reduces fruit safety, has been banned gradually in recent years. Pure artificial thinning, especially artificial fruit thinning, needs larger workload and higher labor cost, unsuitable seriously for the requirements of modern orchard planting. Two kinds of pear mechanical flower thinners were designed in the paper. They were three arms tractor-mounted flower thinner (TMFT) and hand-held flower thinner (HHFT), to alleviate the heavy labor pressure in the process of thinning and improve the efficiency of orchard operation. The width of TMFT was controlled by hydraulic cylinder that range from 1.2 to 1.7 m. TMFT rotation speed of thinning shaft that range from 0 to 300 r/min was controlled by electronic governor. The length of HHFT can change through adjusting the extension rod that range from 0.95 to 1.6 m. HHFT rotation speed of thinning shaft that range from 0 to 900 r/min was controlled by electronic governor too. 'Y' trellis 'Cuiguan' pear was taken as the research object in the paper. TMFT impact forces of thinning rope with different rotation speed of thinning shaft and thinning distance were measured in bench test, to find the working range of rotation speed. Field test setting 50% flower bud preserved rate (it is easier to thin flower buds than flowers) and 0.44 m/s tractor work speed, and the best rotation speed of thinning shaft was ensured: 254 r/min. Flower bud reserve rate, fruit set rate, work efficiency, fruit yield and quality of four kinds of operation methods were tested, which were TMFT combined with artificial fruit thinning, HHFT combined with artificial fruit thinning, artificial flower fruit thinning and artificial fruit thinning only. Twenty-four 'Y' trellis pear trees (6 a) with almost same size were selected for four operation methods. The canopies of each tree were divided into the upper middle lower three layers and five branches were selected as samples in each layer. In order to reduce the operation error, except the TMFT, the operation of each group was completed by two workers with experienced job skill. Field test show that three flower thinning methods can meet the requirement of 50% flower bud preserved rate, the coefficient of variation all less than 15%. There is no obvious difference between TMFT and artificial method in thinning quality and the stability of TMFT is the highest among test groups. Mechanical and artificial flower thinning can significantly reduce about 50% absolute fruit set rate. TMFT will damage the young fruits in a certain degree, but does not affect the yield and quality in the last. Work efficiency of TMFT was highest among flower thinning methods and 66.17% artificial fruit thinning time can be saved. TMFT has a higher requirement for pear orchard mechanization degree, suitable for large-scale mechanized pear orchard. Work efficiency of HHFT is second only to TMFT, 37.26% artificial fruit thinning time can be saved. HHFT is suitable for small and medium sized pear orchard. For fruit yield and quality, total and high quality fruit yield per tree of pure artificial fruit thinning group is higher 11.37% and 8.59% respectively than average values of three kinds of flower thinning group, but the average weight of high quality fruit and brix of sugar solids of is lower 6.58% and 1.55% respectively. The research is helpful to improve the working quality of flower thinner and provide reference for the mechanization management of pear orchard.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automobile testing - Control engineering - Design - Efficiency - Forestry - Governors - Image quality - Machine design - Mechanization - Orchards - Quality control - Rotation - Speed - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial thinning - Coefficient of variation - Electronic governors - Flower thinner - Hydraulic cylinders - Management process - Operation methods - Yield
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.4 Personnel - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.55e+00%, Percentage 3.73e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.58e+00%, Percentage 6.62e+01%, Percentage 8.59e+00%, Rotational_Speed 0.00e+00RPM to 3.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 0.00e+00RPM to 9.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.54e+02RPM, Size 1.20e+00m to 1.70e+00m, Size 9.50e-01m to 1.60e+00m, Velocity 4.40e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20201008264644
Title:Effects of spectrum and duration of supplemental illumination on growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse sweet pepper
Title of translation:补光时间及光质对温室甜椒生长及产量品质的影响
Authors:Duan, Qingqing (1); Zhang, Luqi (1); Zhang, Zikun (1); Wang, Jingjing (1); Chang, Peipei (1); Zhang, Hongyong (1); He, Hongjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dezhou; 253015, China
Corresponding author:He, Hongjun(hhj9666@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:213-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The objective of this paper is to experimentally study the optimal spectrum and duration of illumination in regulating yield and quality of sweet pepper (Capsium annuum L.) grown in greenhouse. The cultivar of 'Aodaili' was used as the model plant and LED was used as the light source. We compared nine combinations of three light durations (2h, 18:00-20:00; 4h, 18:00- 22:00 and 8h, 18:00-02:00) and three light spectra measured with red (R) : blue (B) ratio at 2:1 (2R1B); 4:1, (4R1B), and 8:1 (8R1B); without supplemental light served as the control (CK). In each treatment, we measured the growth, yield and fruit quality of the sweet pepper. Results showed that the diameter of the canopy, soluble proteins, soluble sugar, and Vitamin C under 2R1B for 2h were the highest, increasing by 24.6%, 33.8%, 15.2% and 29.9%, respectively, compared to those in the CK. Nitrate content and acid-sugar ratio under 2R1B for 8h were the lowest, reduced by 19.4% and 27.0% respectively, compared to that in the CK. The dry biomass of the shoot and whole plant in 4R1B for 2h were the highest, increasing by 58.4% and 62.4% respectively, compared to that in the CK. In contrast, the fresh weight of the shoot and whole plant under 8R1B for 8h were the highest, increasing 55.1% and 48.9%, respectively, compared to that under the CK. Compared to those under the CK, the leaf area, fruit number and single plant yield under 4R1B for 8h increased by 32.4%, 37.9% and 47.2%, respectively. The SPAD, acid-sugar ratio and output-input ratio of the pepper under 8R1B for 2h increased significantly compared with that in CK, while no significant differences were found in the soluble proteins, soluble sugar, Vitamin C and nitrate content between them. These results revealed that the duration and spectrum of the supplemental light had a combined impact on growth, yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper at significant level. Supplemental lighting increased fruit number, single plant yield, soluble proteins, soluble sugar, titratable acid, Vitamin C, nitrate content, acid-sugar ratio. We used electricity consumption to analyze the effect of spectrum and duration of light on plant growth, based on the fuzzy membership function. The best three treatments calculated by the method are in the order of 8R1B for 2h > 4R1B for 8h > 8R1B for 8h. In summary, the optimal supplemental lighting for the greenhouse sweet pepper is 8R1B for 2h. The results presented in this paper has implications for using supplemental lighting to improve green peppers production in greenhouse.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Greenhouses - Image quality - Light emitting diodes - Membership functions - Nitrates - Proteins
Uncontrolled terms:Electricity-consumption - Fuzzy membership function - Light quality - Nitrate contents - Soluble proteins - Supplemental lighting - Sweet pepper - Yield
Classification code:714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.52e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 2.99e+01%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Percentage 3.79e+01%, Percentage 4.72e+01%, Percentage 4.89e+01%, Percentage 5.51e+01%, Percentage 5.84e+01%, Percentage 6.24e+01%, Time 0.00e+00s, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 2.88e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20201008264721
Title:Vegetation regulation on slopes of engineering accumulation under different upslope runoff patterns
Title of translation:不同上方来水模式下工程堆积体坡面的植被调控
Authors:Lou, Yongcai (1); Gao, Zhaoliang (1, 2); Li, Yonghong (1, 2); Qi, Xingyuan (1); Zhang, Heng (1); Chen, Zhuo (1); Su, Yuan (2); Feng, Zhiqian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Zhaoliang(gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:144-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Engineering accumulations are usually poor in soil structure and susceptible to erosion and corrosion, especially when the slope is steep. These could endanger their ecological functions and result in environmental hazards. How to improve ecological functions and alleviate soil erosion of earth slopes is pressing. The objective of this paper is to experimentally study the efficacy of different vegetation patterns in regulating water and sediment erosion of slopes under different water flow conditions. The experiment was conducted in the field at the Linghou Experimental Station, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (34°19'24″ N, 107°59'36″E). In the experiment, we analyzed the efficacy of five grass coverage patterns: upper coverage, middle coverage, low slope, band, and no coverage under four upslope runoff patterns (constant, earlier peak, medium peak, later peak). The experimental slope was a 20 m×1 m plot 0.5 m thick excavated from a slop; The slope angle was 32<sup>o</sup>. We used the fractal dimension of the eroded sediment particles to quantify the change in soil erosion, the enrichment rate (ER) to describe the difficulty associated with migration of eroded particles of certain size group, and the agglomeration rate (AR) to describe the ways that the surface runoff carrying the eroded particles of certain size group. The results showed that: 1) The relationship between soil denudation rate and the runoff power follows power function model (R<sup>2</sup>=0.47-0.72, P<0.01), and that the runoff power was the optimal parameter to describe the erosion dynamics of the slope. 2) Runoff can be reduced by 12.23%-49.62%, and sediment can be decreased by 12.92%-80.54% under vegetation patterns, the sediment reduction effect of vegetation pattern was higher than runoff reduction. The average runoff and sediment reduction benefit of the band and upslope patterns was 43.87%, 58.09% and 30.55%, 54.41%, respectively, which were significantly better than other vegetation patterns. 3) Compared with the control plot (without grass coverage), the volume percentage of sand particle in sediment of the vegetation plots was reduced by 18.79%-35.80%, the volume percentage of clay was increased by 3.56%-10.69%, which indicated that the interception effect of vegetation on sand was significant. Volumetric fractal dimension of the eroded particles was dominated by the volumetric fraction of clay and they were linearly correlated at significant level (R<sup>2</sup>=0.90, P<0.01). 4). Compared with the control, grass coverage reduced the sand enrichment rate, but increased the clay enrichment rate; their associated volumetric fractal dimension also increased. Clay and sand in the eroded sediments were in the forms of agglomerates, while the silts moved mainly as single particles. Our study has an important implication for ameliorating soil erosion from engineering accumulation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Fractal dimension
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Ecology - Erosion - Flow of water - Runoff - Sand - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Underground corrosion - Vegetation - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese Academy of Sciences - Ecological functions - Environmental hazards - Experimental stations - Runoff and sediments - Runoff patterns - Soil and water conservation - Soil particles
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.22e+01% to 4.96e+01%, Percentage 1.29e+01% to 8.05e+01%, Percentage 1.88e+01% to 3.58e+01%, Percentage 3.06e+01%, Percentage 3.56e+00% to 1.07e+01%, Percentage 4.39e+01%, Percentage 5.44e+01%, Percentage 5.81e+01%, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20201008264907
Title:Coupling effect and mechanism of drip irrigation and microbial organic fertilization on soil respiration in greenhouse
Title of translation:滴灌和微生物有机肥对设施土壤呼吸的耦合作用及机制
Authors:Hou, Maomao (1, 2); Chen, Jingnan (3); Lin, Zhiyuan (1); Wang, Jinwei (1); Li, Haobo (1); Chen, Jintao (1); Weng, Junling (1); Lv, Yiwen (1); Jin, Qiu (4); Zhong, Fenglin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) Engineering Research Center of Fujian University of Modern Facilities Agriculture, Fuqing; 350300, China; (3) College of Horticulture and Forest, Fujian Vocational College of Agriculture, Fuzhou; 350119, China; (4) Institute of Water Conservancy Science of Nanjing, Nanjing; 210029, China
Corresponding author:Zhong, Fenglin(zhong591@fafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:104-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil respiration is mediated by microbial activities, temperature, humidity and other environmental factors in soil. The increase in use of microbial organic fertilizer and drip irrigation in greenhouse production could alter soil micro-environment, particularly the rhizosphere, thereby leading to a change in soil respiration. This paper investigated the response of soil respiration to different combinations of drip irrigation amounts and microbial organic fertilizer applications. We experimentally compared three irrigation amounts 15, 18 and 21 mm - associated with three microbial organic fertilizer applications 2800, 3600 and 4400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The treatment with inorganic fertilizer application served as the control. In each treatment, we measured soil respiration rate and accumulated carbon emission, as well as other determinants. The soil temperature and humidity were measured following the soil respiration measurement using the delta-T sensor (delta-T company, UK); soil organic matter was measured using the potassium dichromate sulfuric acid oxidation external heating method; the activity of dehydrogenase was determined using the TTC colorimetry method; the activity of urease was determined by the phenol sodium colorimetry method; the activity of catalase was determined by the KMnO<inf>4</inf> volumetric method. We analyzed the responsive change in soil respiration to these determinants and root biomass. The results showed that, compared to the CK, drip irrigation and microbial organic fertilization improved soil organic matter and increased the activities of dehydrogenase, urease and catalase by 11.6%-27.6%, 8.0%-27.7% and 1.8%-11.2%, respectively; the increase in urease activities was at significant level (p<0.05). The soil respiration rate was positively correlated to the root biomass, temperature and organic matter content at significant level of p<0.01, and to the enzymatic activities at significant level of p<0.05. Among all treatments, irrigating 18 mm of water and applying 4400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> of microbial organic fertilizer produced the highest root biomass, reaching 394 g/m<sup>2</sup> 120 days after the transplanting. Overall, combining drip irrigation and microbial organic fertilization increased root biomass by 25.9%-43.4%, compared to the CK. When irrigation amount was 15 and 18 mm, the carbon emission increased significantly (p<0.05) when the fertilizer application increased from 3600 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> to 4400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The cumulative carbon emission peaked at 415.2 g/m<sup>2</sup> when the irrigation amount was 18 mm and the microbial fertilization was 4400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, significantly higher than that under other treatments (p<0.05). The lowest cumulative carbon emission was from the CK, being 255.3 g/m<sup>2</sup> only. In summary, this study showed that drip irrigation and microbial organic fertilization combined to impact soil carbon emission by changing organic matter content and root biomass in the soil. Our results have important implications for improving ecological cultivation in greenhouse production.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biomass - Carbon - Chromates - Colorimeters - Colorimetry - Couplings - Fertilizers - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Manganese compounds - Mechanisms - Organic compounds - Potash - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Fertilizer applications - Organic fertilization - Organic fertilizers - Organic matter content - Potassium dichromates - Soil respiration - Soil respiration rates
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.3 Mechanisms - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 941.3 Optical Instruments - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.16e+01% to 2.76e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00% to 1.12e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01% to 4.34e+01%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 1.80e-02m, Surface_Density 2.55e-01kg/m2, Surface_Density 4.15e-01kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20201008263272
Title:Effects of coal gangue filling on drainage performance, soil fertility and heavy metal pollution in erosion gully
Title of translation:煤矸石填充对沟道导排水性能和土壤肥力及重金属污染的影响
Authors:Wang, Zhongbo (1, 2); Zhang, Jinbo (2); Wang, Bin (2); Li, Dianxing (2); Zhang, Xingyi (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of High Efficiency Use of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin; 150081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:289-297
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the suitable technology for the reclamation of erosion gullies in the black soil area of the Northeast China. In this paper, Xinhua farm is selected as the research area which is located in Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Aiming at the cause of erosion gullies, a new technology of filling and reclamation erosion gully with coal gangue was introduced and the post effect of the new technology was studied, including, the technological process of filling and reclamation, the influence of the thickness change of reclamation filling materials on the drainage characteristics of the gully, the fertility status and heavy metals pollution degree in the reclaimed soil. This paper aimed to explore the feasibility and breakthrough points of the technology of filling erosion gullies with coal gangue. The results showed that: 1) The increase in soil layer thickness could weaken the drainage capacity of the gully, while the increase of mixed size coal gangue thickness and large size coal gangue could increase the drainage capacity of the gully in different degrees. The interaction between the soil layer thickness and large size coal gangue layer thickness obviously influenced the drainage capacity of the gully. When the thickness of soil layer, mixed size coal gangue layer and large size coal gangue layer were 53.42, 38.51, 90 cm respectively, the shortest outflow time was 145.129 s, the drainage capacity of simulated 2 m deep gully was the strongest in this mode. 2) After 4 years of gully reclamation, the soil bulk increased, the soil acidity improved, the content of total potassium was the same as CK, but the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matter content were lower than CK. And then the comprehensive fertility of soil was less than CK, which is 66.71%-80.81% of CK, and the average level only reach to 72.75%. But it was slightly higher than that of the second accumulated temperature zone in Heilongjiang Province. 3) The content of Pb was basically the same as CK and background value of local control soil; however, as for Cr and Cu, they were higher than CK and background value of local control soil in the reclaimed soil of monitoring gully. But the content of Cr, Pb, Cu are not higher than the second level standard value of national environmental quality of China.. There are slight pollution and slight enrichment of heavy metals Cr, Pb and Cu in monitored gully reclamation soil, so coal gangue can be used as a material for filling erosion gully for reclamation. However, in the long term, attention should be paid to the problem of soil heavy metal enrichment during reclamation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Reclamation
Controlled terms:Coal - Coal reclamation - Coal tailings - Copper - Copper compounds - Drainage - Erosion - Filling - Heavy metals - Land reclamation - Landforms - Lead - Pollution - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Coal gangues - Drainage characteristics - Environmental quality - Heavy metals pollution - Organic matter content - Soil fertility - Technological process
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 544.1 Copper - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 6.67e+01% to 8.08e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+01%, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 9.00e-01m, Time 1.45e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20201008263240
Title:Removal efficiency of nitrogen salts by Chaetomorpha maxima in aquacultural wastewater
Title of translation:极大硬毛藻无性系对海水养殖废水中氮盐的去除效果
Authors:Li, Xueying (1, 3); Li, Xian (1, 2); Wang, Jinxia (1, 2); Ma, Xiaona (1, 2); Zhou, Haoran (3); Xu, Jianping (1); Liu, Qin (3); Li, Jun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao; 266071, China; (2) Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao; 266071, China; (3) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao; 266000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xian(lixian@qdio.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:206-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The high efficiency in removing nitrogen salt is the key to insure the operation of recirculating aquacultural systems. The current study focused on the efficiency and the characteristic of Chaetomorpha maxima clones (hereinafter referred to as Chaetomorpha maxima) to remove the ammonia, the nitrite and the nitrate in seawater. The absorption efficiency of Chaetomorpha maxima to nutrients is mainly affected by the enzyme activity of algae and the concentration of nutrients in water. The absorption of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N by Chaetomorpha maxima is more limited to its enzyme activity. The absorption of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N depends on the concentration of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N in water. Within a certain concentration (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N: 0-15 mg/L, NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N: 0-3 mg/L, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N: 0-15 mg/L), the absorption rate of Chaetomorpha maxima on nitrogen salt suppressed with the reduction of nitrogen concentration in the water. The absorption rate of ammonia nitrogen by algae changed greatly. The final absorption rate of the 5, 10 mg/L group was close to 0, and that of the 15 mg/L group was 20×10<sup>3</sup> mg/(g•h). While the absorption rate of nitrite and nitrate is relatively stable. The final absorption rate of three groups of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N is 20-30 mg/(g•h), and that of NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N was 2-4 mg/L. When the concentrations of three nitrogen salts were same (3 mg/L), Chaetomorpha maxima first absorbed NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, and the absorption rate on NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N was notably higher than on NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N. There was no significant difference between NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N. However, when the NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N content was too low, the algae will preferentially absorb NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N. When ratio (g/L) of the fresh weight of Chaetomorpha maxima to water volume was 10:1, the removal rates on NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N and NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N of Chaetomorpha maxima in the artificial aquacultural wastewater (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N: 3.0±0.5 mg/L, NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N: 0.1±0.05 mg/L, NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N: 3.0±0.5 mg/L, PO<inf>4</inf><sup>3-</sup>-P: 0.2±0.5 mg/L)were 94.3%, 100% and 82.2% in 15 hours. Although the removal rate of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N by Chaetomorpha maxima was high, it could not replace microorganism as the main unit of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N removal completely. In order to obtain sufficient ammonia NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N as electron acceptor for microbial, the algae unit was suggested to be located behind the microbial unit. The practical application of algae treatment unit should consider comprehensively both the algae treatment efficiency and water renewal rate. In the actual production, the ratio between the fresh algae quality and the water volume can be adjusted according to the concentration of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N in the water, so as to improve the removal rate of nitrate. The mass concentrations of NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N, NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N, NO<inf>2</inf><sup>-</sup>-N in recirculating aquacultural systems were generally at 0-10, 0-5, 0-2 mg/L. Within the range of nitrogen salt concentration in circulating water system, three kinds of nitrogen salts will not cause adverse effects on algae. This study could provide data for the application of Chaetomorpha maxima clones in the treatment of aquacultural wastewater and promoted the utilization of aquaculture wastewater as a resource.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Algae - Ammonia - Aquaculture - Cloning - Efficiency - Enzyme activity - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen oxides - Nutrients - Salts - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Water absorption - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption efficiency - Absorption rates - Aquaculture wastewater - Chaetomorpha - Circulating water system - Nitrogen concentrations - Removal rate - Treatment efficiency
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.8.1 Genetic Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 0.00e+00kg/m3 to 1.50e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 0.00e+00kg/m3 to 2.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 0.00e+00kg/m3 to 3.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.50e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-03kg/m3 to 4.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 8.22e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Time 5.40e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20201008263235
Title:Inversion of surface soil moisture content of Spanish farmland using modified water cloud model
Title of translation:考虑地表粗糙度改进水云模型反演西班牙农田地表土壤含水率
Authors:Ma, Teng (1, 2, 3); Han, Ling (1, 3); Liu, Quanming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710054, China; (2) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an; 710054, China
Corresponding author:Han, Ling(hanling@chd.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:129-135
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil moisture content is an important parameter for constructing models in the agricultural, environmental, meteorological fields. The main method to retrieve soil moisture is SAR and optical remote sensing. To improve the soil moisture content inversion accuracy of farmland using remote sensing, the Duero basin of Spain was selected as a representative region (41°06 ' N -41°32'N，5°01'W-5°45'W). There were 23 automatic soil monitoring stations in the area. The soil moisture content of 19 observation stations was collected from ISMN, Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 were selected as remote sensing sources. The data for solving model parameters and verifying models were selected on January 16, April 16, June 15, August 8 and November 6 in 2018. The Sentinel-1 data with different incident angles on the above date was obtained. Sentinel-2 data obtained January 17, April 16, June 16, August 8 and November 6 in 2018. The orbit correction, radiation correction, improved LEE Sigma filter and geocoding were performed on Sentinel-1 images. Atmospheric correction was performed on Sentinel-2 images. Sentinel-2 images were used to produce vegetation index such as NDVI, NDWI and NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf>. Taking the 24-hours average of the above date as the soil water content. A Modified Water Cloud Model (MWCM) was established. In the MWCM, ground surface roughness was regarded as a variable related to the cross-polarization ratio and Transformed Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (TSAVI). Three vegetation indexes (NDVI, NDWI and NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf>) were calculated and took into WCM and MWCM which were the indicator of vegetation water content. The overall RMSE of retrieved soil moisture of WCM using NDVI, NDWI, and NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf> were 0.106, 0.118 and 0.113 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. The vegetation reflection parameters of three WCM were all equal to 0. It meant that under the condition of VV polarization in the C band, vegetation reflected energy could be ignored. The result also meant that the inversion accuracy of soil moisture content using WCM with NDVI, NDWI, and NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf> were low when surface roughness was not considered. The MWCM was established where the backscatter coefficient of vertical polarization was expressed as decibel and vegetation canopy water content was substituted by NDVI, NDWI, and NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf>. The RMSE of retrieved soil moisture was 0.082, 0.094 and 0.077 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> using MWCM. It meant the WCM in which surface roughness was added had the higher inversion accuracy. The cross-polarization ratio and TSAVI are fine indicators of ground surface roughness. The MWCM with NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf> had the highest inversion accuracy, which meant NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf> was a good index to the reflection of surface vegetation. The model had lower inversion accuracy when the vegetation water content was substituted by NDVI than the model with NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf>. The result also showed that NDWI was not a fine index to reflect vegetation water content. Different surface vegetation coverage was represented by NDVI equal to 0-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.5 and 0.5-0.7. Overall, the inversion accuracy of MWCM gradual decreased with increasing of surface vegetation coverage. In the condition of NDVI equals 0-0.5, the MWCM had a higher inversion accuracy than WCM. Because the ground surface was covered by vegetation, the influenced of surface roughness was reduced, when NDVI equaled 0.5-0.7. The WCM and MWCM had similar accuracy. Therefore, the MWCM could get higher accuracy in vegetation coverage land than WCM. NDWI<inf>1725,2200</inf> was a good vegetation index using in the MWCM under different vegetation cover conditions. It provided ideal and theoretical support for such research. The crop type and other land cover types were not considered in this study which might influent the reflection parameter and the model accuracy. In the future study, the MWCM should be further modified to accommodate different crop type cover condition.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Surface roughness
Controlled terms:Cloud computing - Crops - Farms - Image enhancement - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Polarization - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Soils - Vegetation - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric corrections - Backscatter coefficients - Ground-surface roughness - Inversion accuracy - Optical remote sensing - Vegetation canopy - Vegetation water content - Water cloud models
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20201008265028
Title:Identification and governance of potential land use conflicts in tourism resort based on ecological-production-living suitability
Title of translation:基于"三生"适宜性的旅游度假区潜在土地利用冲突识别与治理
Authors:Wang, Jianying (1); Zou, Lilin (2, 3); Li, Meigan (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou; 362021, China; (2) School of Political Science and Public Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou; 362021, China; (3) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China; (4) Institute of Urban & Rural Planning and Design, Xiamen University, Xiamen; 361005, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Lilin(zoull@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:24
Issue date:December 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:279-288
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With rapid development in economy in China the demand for tourism has been changed exerting pressure on tourism resorts to transform and upgrade. As tourism area bears the responsibility of sustaining social and economic development, its land use has to be diversified, leading to a potential land use conflicts. However, there is a paucity of study on that and we attempt to address this knowledge gap. Assuming that a tourism resort should at least have ecological function, productivity and suitability for living (ecological-production-living suitability), we proposed an empirical model to identify and diagnose potential land use conflicts in tourism resorts by taking Wuyishan National Tourism Resort as an example. The potential land use conflict in resort was divided into five zones with different conflicting levels: zone without conflict, zone with mild conflict zone, zone with moderate conflict, zone with intense conflict, and zone with severe conflict. The conflict was divided into four levels: stable and controllable, quite controllable, slightly out of control, uncontrollable. Preliminary studies showed that there were significant differences in ecological-production-living suitability of the land use in this region, revealing existence of competitions and conflicts in land use. The results showed that the areas with land use conflict ranging from controllable to uncontrollable accounted for 17.76%, 35.59%, 22.37%, 23.74% and 0.55% of the whole area. The stable and controllable zone was mainly in the western, southeastern and central regions, and areas in the high-end health resort area, pastoral health resort area and eco-recreational area. The quite controllable zone was mainly in the transition zone from human production areas to the life and ecological protection area, including the waterfront recreation area and eco-recreational areas. The basic out-of-control conflicts were mainly distributed in the intensive activities of human production and life, which had both constructive and destructive conflicts. The serious out-of-control conflicts were smaller in area but deeper in degree. The spatial distribution, expression and conflict degree of potential land use conflict areas determined the conflict governance strategies should also be different. For example, strategies such as spatial control, quality improvement, and functional manifestation could be adopted according to local conditions. The framework of identification and governance of potential land use conflicts in tourist resorts proposed in this paper can accurately reflect the actual pattern of land use conflicts and can provide reference for the land use planning and management in tourist resorts.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Identification (control systems) - Models - Quality control - Tourism
Uncontrolled terms:Conflicts - Controllable zone - Ecological functions - Ecological production - Ecological protection - Land use conflicts - Quality improvement - Social and economic development
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 731.1 Control Systems - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 2.37e+01%, Percentage 3.56e+01%, Percentage 5.50e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.24.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
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- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
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