<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20200708172492
Title:Self-service detection platform of pesticide residue based on enzyme inhibitory method
Title of translation:基于酶抑制法的自助式农药残留检测平台建立
Authors:Chen, Zipeng (1); Ma, Jianbo (1); Du, Jianhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information & Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan; 430000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:289-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the food safety, especially the pollution and residue of pesticides and additives in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, a self-service detection platform of pesticide residue based on enzyme inhibition method was designed and developed. Most of the accurate detection methods for pesticide residue are only suitable for laboratory testing, and the macroscopic results of enzyme inhibition test paper are not reliable and precise enough. The detection results of the test paper are related to operations progresses such as the inhibition time, the inhibition temperature and the amount of eluent. And the lowest limits of detection of some pesticides of the test paper are higher than the pesticide residue limits in national standard. This leads that the enzyme inhibition tests paper was only suitable for qualitative judgment. In the self-service detection platform of pesticide residue, the automation technology is used to set the standardized detecting parameter during the progress of enzyme inhibition method detection. In the experiments the inhibition time was set as 15 minutes, the inhibition temperature was set as 35℃, and the amount of eluent was set as 100 μL. The uniform testing parameters could ensure the agreements of different tests. The image recognition technology was used to make the automatic processing of test paper, which includes the photo automatic recognition, identify and extract useful data from the pesticide residue test paper, fine analysis and multistage division of the raw detection result. The self-service detection platform had built-in image.vi software based on Lab view. The image.vi software could get the real-time video and screenshots of the detection progress. The software had the function of automatically locating and selecting the image of the circle test result area, which could automatically select the right side of the test paper and take pictures with the color image area of test results. The software could enlarge the color display image of the test results, and used the Abiro color sampler automatically to get some parameters such as pure color tone, saturation, brightness and RGB value. By analyzing the differences between the parameters of the test results under different pesticide contents, it was found that there is an approximate linear relationship between the color saturation parameters and the pesticide residues. By comparing the detection results of the self-service detection platform to gas chromatography, the color saturation parameters are correspondence to five levels for different pesticide residue degree according to the national food safety standard: Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food GB 2763-2016. And the 5 security levels was established in which the saturation S>122 is the first level of no residue, the saturation 99<S<121was the second level of safety, 85<S<99 is the third level of weak residual, 43<S<84 as the forth level of strong residual and S<42 was the firth level of dangerous. According to the test results of 100 samples, the accuracy rate of this security classification was 95.23% for the samples meeting the safety requirements of national standard, and 91.37% for those over the safety requirements. the changes of saturations were also consistent with the result of gas chromatography. The results showed that the samples with smaller saturation were more serious pesticide residues. The consistence of the results between the self-service detection platform and gas chromatography proved the reliability of the self-service detection platform. This self-service detection platform had the characteristics of simple operation, low detection cost, visible detection results. It can be set at the fruit and vegetable stores as a self-service facility. It can provide self-service pesticide residue detection conditions for ordinary consumers, which can provide an open and transparent environment for information, and introduce new ideas for food safety inspection and supervision.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Enzyme inhibition
Controlled terms:Additives - Agricultural products - Chemical contamination - Color - Food safety - Fruits - Gas chromatography - Image recognition - Paper - Pesticides - Safety engineering - Security systems - Software testing - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic recognition - Automation technology - Food safety inspection - Image recognition technology - Maximum residue limits - Residue - Security classification - Service testing
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 914 Safety Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Time 9.00e+02s, Volume 1.00e-07m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20200708172558
Title:Spatio-temporal diversity and influencing factors of multi-functionality of land use in mountainous regions
Title of translation:山区土地利用多功能时空分异特征及影响因素分析
Authors:Liu, Yuanli (1); Liao, Heping (1, 2); Li, Tao (1); Cai, Jin (3); Li, Jing (4); He, Tian (1); Luo, Gang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Center for Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Regional Development Assessment, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) College of Tourism and Land Resource, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (4) School of Economics and Management, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621000, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Heping(liaohp@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:271-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study of land use in ethnic mountainous regions is of great practical significance to optimization of the spatial pattern of land and alleviation of poverty in the regions in question. In this paper, with 80 administrative villages in Nanjian Yi autonomous county in Yunnan Province as the evaluation units, an evaluation index system based on the "production-living-ecological" functions theory was established; on top of that, the spatio-temporal diversity and influencing factors of the multifunctionality of land use in the area during the period from 2008 to 2017, as well as their dynamic change, were systematically analyzed using the measurement model of multi-functionality of land use, spatial autocorrelation, geo-detector and other tools. The results indicated that: 1)from 2008 to 2017, the multifunctionality of land use in Nanjian Yi autonomous county improved fast, the level of multifunctionality in 2017 being almost 50% higher than that of 2008, with 67 out of 80 administrative villages across the county at intermediate level or above. In the meantime, the development of various functional levels was uneven. The ecological function of land use was the highest, while the production function and living function grew faster. Among the secondary functions of land use, the ecological conservation function and ecological purification function were higher, followed by the agricultural production function and social security function, and the residential support function and economic development function were relatively lower, but the economic development function changed the most.2)from 2008 to 2017, the multifunctionality of land use in Nanjian Yi autonomous county was found with obvious diversity in spatial distribution, showing a "higher in the north and lower in the south" spatial pattern of "one center and two sub-centers". The spatial distribution of production functions therein was in clusters, and was expanding with the county town and the flat basin area of Gonglang town as centers; living functions, on the other hand, gradually decreased inside out along the 135°central axis, being higher in the north and lower in the south; ecological functions showed a downward trend from the east to the west, with administrative villages at top and higher levels concentrated in areas around Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain. 3) From 2008 to 2017, the influencing factors of the multifunctionality of land use in Nanjian Yi autonomous county experienced great changes. Regional policies and economic factors, such as government capital investment, labor skill training rate, policy loans, etc., have become the leading factors of multi-function space differentiation of land use. The change of leading factors which shifted from natural resources endowment to socio-economic and regional political factors was dominated by enhancement and stability, with 5 enhancement factors, 4 stable factors and 3 weakening factors. Finally, according to the characteristics and influencing factors of multifunctional land use and its dynamic changes from 2008 to 2017, and in combination with the economic development status and land use practice of Ethnic Mountainous Regions, some suggestions are put forward.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Economics - Function evaluation - Functions - Investments - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Rural areas - Spatial distribution - Spatial variables measurement - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Ecological conservation - Ecological functions - Evaluation index system - Influencing factors - Mountainous regions - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatio temporal
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20200708172352
Title:Research of space kitchen and dietary provision
Title of translation:太空厨房及饮食保障研究
Authors:Dong, Haisheng (1, 2); Zhao, Wei (1); Zang, Peng (1); Luo, Minglei (1); Yuan, Miao (1); Yuan, Wenzhu (3); Lou, Zhen (3); Chen, Bin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing; 100094, China; (2) Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zang, Peng(13466643027@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:295-303
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Good food and nutrition help maintain psychological and physical status of the astronauts. Maintaining adequate nutrient supply in the aerospace food system is one of the key issues for mission success and occupant health and safety. Since the manned space flight in the 1960s, the space food system has undergone tremendous changes. To date, the manned space mission has been focused on low Earth orbit (LEO) exploring, and the current pre-packaged food system is regularly develped to meet those missions’ requirements. The principles of aerospace food research and flight recipe design have emphasized the functional and nutritional aspects of food, and have not paid enough attention to food in space. Through the human-food interaction design, the astronauts' experience in space is improved from three aspects: Sensory, emotional and environmental. The space kitchen provides an environment in which astronauts prepare for meals and eat while performing space missions and associated equipment. The rationality of space kitchen equipment configuration directly affects the efficiency, eating experience and nutritional health of astronauts working in orbit. This article focuses on how to ensure the long-term survival quality of astronauts in the food security and experience, the development of space food and space food processing technology with good sensory quality were summarized. According to the food processing methods, the basic functions that space kitchen equipment should possess including heating, refrigeration, drinking water distribution, fermentation, baking and meal waste treatment, etc.The main function of the meal waste treatment equipment is antibacterial and mildewproof and efficient compression, to avoid damage to the cabin environment and save the limited space in the cabin. Space drinking water provision and in-orbit recovery technologies play a key role in maintaining the cabin water balance and saving upward replenishment loads. Long-term shelf life space food research and development, food safety and nutrient stability need to be taken into account. Space foods and packages with shelf life of five years are currently undergoing validation tests. To adaption to the micro-gravity environment, easy using in the weightlessness environment, lightweight, energy-saving and multi-functional integration are the principal issues for the design and development of space kitchen equipment. With the advancement of manned space exploration targets such as the Moon and Mars, all major space power countries are considering introducing bioregeneration food systems as development priorities, such as the Advanced Food Technology (AFT) project, China's CELSS180 project, and Russia's MARS500 project. In the controlled ecological life support system, the in-orbit cultivation of plant, the preparation of food and the intelligent space kitchen are the development trend of space kitchens for long-term manned space missions such as Lunar or Mars bases. The Moon, Mars and Venus, where the atmosphere, gravity, soil, radiation and other conditions are different from those on the Earth, which may not support the germination, growth and development of plants. Therefore, to understand how plants grow on these extraterrestrial planets, efforts should be made to develop specific ground models to study in advance the nutritional absorption and growth characteristics of plants in specific environments by simulating the atmosphere and radiation parameters of planets.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:73
Main heading:Life support systems (spacecraft)
Controlled terms:Aircraft - Cabins (aircraft) - Earth atmosphere - Energy conservation - Extraterrestrial atmospheres - Food preservation - Food processing - Food safety - Food supply - Food waste - Interplanetary flight - Kitchens - Lunar missions - Manned space flight - Nutrients - Nutrition - Orbits - Planets - Potable water - Processed foods - Processing - Space research - Spacecraft power supplies - Thermal processing (foods) - Waste disposal - Waste treatment - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Controlled ecological life support systems - Design and Development - Drinking water distribution - Equipment configuration - Extraterrestrial planets - Human food interactions - Manned space exploration - Space foods
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.7 Health Care - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 655.1 Spacecraft, General - 656.1 Space Flight - 656.2 Space Research - 657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 913.4 Manufacturing
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20200708172529
Title:Hyperspectral feature extraction using fuzzy-statistics-based discriminative component analysis method for crop classification
Title of translation:基于模糊判别成分分析法的高光谱作物信息提取与分类
Authors:Yang, Chen (1); Dong, Lifang (1); Zhao, Haishi (2); Chang, Zhiyong (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China; (2) College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun; 130021, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 13002, China; (4) National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of In-situ Conversion, Drilling and Exploitation Technology for Oil Shale, Jilin University, Changchun; 130021, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Chen(yangc616@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:158-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hyperspectral remote sensing technology are typically used to collect data with at least ten spectral bands of relatively narrow bandwidths. The hyperspectral remote sensing images often have extensive interband correlations, and high-dimensional data with uncertainty, which is significant characteristics of hyperspectral remote sensing imagery. As a result, the adjacent bands of the hyperspectral images may contain similar spectral information and spatial structures. Reducing the dimensionality of data therefore becomes one of the most important preprocessing step in hyperspectral image analysis. Since the individual bands of a hyperspectral image share high similarity, statistical data compression tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA), have been widely applied for dimensionality reduction of hyperspectral images. However, it is well known that PCA is sensitive to the presence of outliers and missing data. Meanwhile, the spectral variability from the identification of crop species makes the conventional information extraction methods unsuitable for the crop classification with hyperspectral remote sensing images. During the PCA, the geographical information including remotely sensed data cannot also be accurate, which means that the boundaries between different classes and phenomena are not clear, i.e., fuzzy. The fuzzy approach to statistical analysis rather than other mathematics methods can be quite suitable to process this kind of image data with the fuzziness and statistical property. Recently, a new learning paradigm-adjustment learning (AL) has been studied for the image retrieval as an emerging technology. In the AL scheme, data points can be identified as small group sets, i.e., "chunklets", with equivalence constraints that are known to originate from the same class (but the label is unknown). A non-iterative and efficient metric learning method, called discriminant component analysis (DCA), has been developed based on the AL. In this paper, the fuzzy sets theory and statistics were introduced into the AL-based technique, DCA, and then a hyperspectral imagery feature extraction method called fuzzy-statistics-based discriminant component analysis (FS-DCA) was proposed to effectively distinguish different types of crops via their hyperspectral signal subspace. The statistical characteristics involved the fuzzy mean, as well as fuzzy scatter matrix were defined based on the fuzzy statistics. In the feature space of FS-DCA, the unknown measurement vector (pixel) has membership grade values to describe the distance between the vector and the mean vector. The fuzzy separable subspace was then established to suppress the uncertainty caused by noise pixels. To verify this approach, a widely used hyperspectral imagery data set, i.e., AVIRIS Indian Pines 92AV3C was chosen including nine classes and two types of grow crops. The performance of the proposed FS-DCA method on AVIRIS hyperspectral images classification was compared with those of using all spectral channels and two representative feature extraction methods, the PCA and DCA. Experimental results showed that the proposed FS-DCA provided the better classification performance and lower standard deviation than the previous PCA and DCA. Specifically, the average overall accuracy of FS-DCA was much higher than that using all spectral channels, the PCA and DCA, ranking values in order 7.88, 3.28 and 0.5 percentage points. The producer’s accuracies and user’s accuracies of grow crops were significantly higher than that using the conventional methods, ranging from 1.37~18.47 percentage points. This finding demonstrated that the proposed FS-DCA technique can greatly reduce the dimension of hyperspectral images, and thus provide a promising method for the information extraction and classification of crops using remote sensing data.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Clustering algorithms - Crops - Dimensionality reduction - Equivalence classes - Feature extraction - Fuzzy set theory - Fuzzy systems - Image analysis - Image retrieval - Infrared spectrometers - Iterative methods - Learning systems - Pixels - Principal component analysis - Remote sensing - Space optics - Spectroscopy - Statistics - Vector spaces - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:Discriminant component analysis - Fuzzy statistic - HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image - Hyperspectral remote sensing technology - Information extraction methods - Statistical characteristics
Classification code:656.1 Space Flight - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20200708172598
Title:Effects of irrigation methods on yield and water use efficiency of maize in the West Liaohe Plain
Title of translation:灌溉方式对西辽河平原玉米产量及水分利用效率的影响
Authors:Yang, Hengshan (1); Xue, Xinwei (1); Zhang, Ruifu (1); Li, Jinqin (2); Wang, Yufei (2); Tai, Jicheng (1); Liu, Jing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Engineering Research Center of forage crops of Inner Mongolia Autonomous, Tongliao; 028042, China; (2) Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Tongliao, Tongliao; 028000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:69-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lack of water resources restricts the modern development of Chinese agriculture and the income increase of Chinese farmers sustainably. Maize is one of the crops that need amounts of water in its whole development and growth stage. In this study, effects of different irrigation methods on yield and water use efficiency of maize in the region of West Liaohe plain were investigated. The treatments included shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI), traditional border irrigation (TBI) and mulched drip irrigation (MDI). Dry matter accumulation and yield were measured. Transportation of dry matter and water use efficiency of maize were calculated. Two-year field contrast tests were carried out. The area of plot with 3 replicates was 864 m<sup>2</sup> (7.2 m by120 m) respectively. The experimental cultivar was Nonghua 101 with planting density 75 000 plants /hm<sup>2</sup>. Application rate of the fertilizer was N 35 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf> 90 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, K<inf>2</inf>O 45 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Additional N fertilizer of 240 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> was applied in the jointing stage, big trumpet opening stage and silking stage according to the ratio of 3:6:1, respectively, following irrigation events. The results showed that the total amount of dry matter accumulation was the highest under condition of MDI and SBDI during 10 to 40 days after the silking stage, but both were not significantly different from TBI (P>0.05). The contribution rate of translocation rate and amount of dry matter to grain were both highest in the SBDI, followed by TBI and MDI, and the contribution rate of dry matter translocation rate to grain of SBDI was 16.7% and 5.6% higher than that of MDI and TBI respectively, and the contribution rate of amount of dry matter to grain of SBDI was 12.8% and 3.5% higher than that of MDI and TBI respectively. The differences of the dry weight of superior kennel and inferior kennel were not obvious among treatments within 30 days after silking stage, but were gradually increased after 30 days of silking. The mean grain filling rate of the superior kennel was the highest under the condition of MDI and the lowest under the condition of TBI, while inferior kennel was the highest under the condition of SBDI and the lowest under the condition of MDI. The mean grain filling rate of the superior kennel and inferior kennel were the highest in the SBDI, followed by TBI and MDI in the active growth period. The yield of SBDI was significantly higher than that of MDI, but there wasn’t significant difference with TBI in 2017. In 2018, the grain yield of SBDI was 6.1%-13.9% and 1.4%-6.2% higher than that of MDI and TBI, respectively. The change of the irrigation water use efficiency in 2017 was consistent with that in 2018, and the irrigation water use efficiency of the SBDI and MDI were both significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of TBI. In conclusion, the SBDI not only has significant advantages in saving water and promoting yield but also effectively avoids the residual film pollution due to the surface without plastic mulching, which is in favor of the SBDI to be a suitable irrigation method for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of maize in the irrigation region of West Liaohe plain.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Biomass - Cultivation - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Subirrigation - Water pollution - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Drip irrigation - Dry matter accumulation - Irrigation methods - Irrigation water use efficiency - Maize - Mulched drip irrigations - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 453 Water Pollution - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-02yr to 1.10e-01yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+00% to 6.20e+00%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+00%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 6.10e+00% to 1.39e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20200708172443
Title:Heat transfer characteristics and parameter optimization of flow passage of herringbone heat transfer
Title of translation:人字形板式换热器流道传热特性及参数优化
Authors:Yang, Yanxia (1); Ma, Qingchan (1); Zuo, Yuqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Thermal Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:210-215
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the influence of inlet velocity and structural characteristics on heat transfer performance of herringbone plate heat exchanger, the realizable k-epsilon turbulence model was used to simulate the two-dimensional sinusoidal flow channels in herringbone plate heat exchangers. The internal velocity contours, pressure contours and temperature contours for different Reynolds numbers were described. The flow velocity distribution in the flow channel of the herringbone heat exchanger was not uniform due to the existence of the vortex flow. The velocity increased and then gradually decreased along the vertical line of the flow channel, and the areas with higher velocity were mainly concentrated in the middle and lower parts. The pressure increased and then decreased along flow direction, and there was an area with greater pressure at the apex. The area with lower temperature gradually became smaller along flow direction, and the temperature was higher at the concave wall due to the existence of the dead flow zone, which affected the heat transfer. But the increase of inlet velocity made the fluid distribution in the flow channel more uniform, and enhanced vortex mixing. Therefore, the average Nusselt number was greater for higher inlet velocity, that was higher heat transfer performance. However, an excessively high flow velocity caused a large negative pressure area near the outlet of the flow channel, resulting in a large pressure drop and energy loss in the flow channel. Through comparison and analysis, the optimal flow rate 0.4-0.5m/s was obtained. Furthermore, the effects of corrugated geometric parameters (corrugated spacing and corrugated depth) on heat transfer performance by average wall Nusselt number were investigated. For a given inlet velocity, decreasing corrugated spacing lead to a higher average wall Nusselt number, and thus the heat transfer efficiency was better. This was attributed to that the smaller corrugated spacing increased the number of contact points in the flow channel, which enhanced the disturbance between fluids, and thus strengthened heat transfer performance. However, further decreasing corrugated spacing caused a greater pressure drop between the heat exchanger plates and energy loss, so the optimal corrugated spacing was 12-16 mm. Additionally, the increase of corrugated depth led to a higher average wall Nusselt number. There were two main reasons, 1) the large corrugated depth promoted sufficient mixing of the large vortices and enhanced the heat transfer; 2) the deep ripple increased the heat exchange area, and thus improved the heat transfer performance. But higher corrugated depth could cause scaling problems in practical applications. Therefore, the optimal corrugated depth was 4-5mm. In comparison, the effect of the corrugated depth on the average wall Nusselt number in the flow channel was greater than that on the corrugated spacing. In conclusion, the law of fluid flow and heat transfer dead zone distribution in the flow channel is better presented, and the optimal flow rate is 0.4-0.5m/s, corrugated spacing is 12-16 mm, corrugated depth is 4-5 mm. The simulation results are of great significance for improving heat transfer efficiency of the herringbone plate heat exchanger and saving engineering energy consumption.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Heat transfer performance
Controlled terms:Channel flow - Computer simulation - Drops - Energy dissipation - Energy utilization - Flow velocity - Heat exchangers - Heat transfer - Inlet flow - Mixing - Nusselt number - Plates (structural components) - Pressure drop - Reynolds number - Turbulence models - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Vortex flow
Uncontrolled terms:Corrugated depth - Corrugated spacing - Fluid flow and heat transfers - Heat transfer characteristics - Heat transfer efficiency - K-epsilon turbulence model - Optimal design - Structural characteristics
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e-02m to 1.60e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Velocity 4.00e-01m/s to 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20200708172516
Title:Design and experiment of integrated pressure-compensating emitter made of thermoplastic elastomer
Title of translation:一体化压力补偿式热塑性弹性材质滴头设计与试验
Authors:Yang, Xiaokun (1); Niu, Wenquan (1, 2); Zhang, Liang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shandong Spring Rain Water-Saving Irrigation Equipment Co, Ltd., Jinan; 271100, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Wenquan(nwq@vip.sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:60-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:From the 1980s, China had begun to introduce water-saving irrigation technology and equipment, but China's water-saving equipment research and development mainly relied on technology introduction and product imitation and did not have a completely independent design method and innovative products. Drip irrigation is the most common water-saving irrigation technology. The emitter and the filter are the 2 core devices of the drip irrigation project. The filter with excellent performance can make the water entering the pipe network system qualified, prevent the emitter from being blocked, and ensure the normality of the drip irrigation system when running. A good emitter can make the irrigation water drip into the irrigation area evenly, and has the high anti-blocking ability. The pressure-compensating emitters can achieve stable flow in a wide range of working water pressure changes, so its application range is wider. At present, the pressure-compensating emitters used in the market are imported products from abroad. The production process of these products is complex, requiring multiple molds, high production costs, long cycles, and difficult product quality control. In the promotion of drip irrigation technology, the recovery of drip irrigation belts or emitters is a bottleneck that needs to be overcome in the promotion of drip irrigation technology in China. To overcome the "difficulty of recycling" of pressure-compensating emitters of silicone tablets, this paper designed and developed an all-plastic-integrated pressure-compensating emitter containing thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). TPE is a new type of polymer material that exhibits rubber-like elasticity at normal temperature and can be plasticized at high temperature. Because of its rubber elasticity and easy processing of plastics, TPE has been widely used in various fields. The design emitter was made of TPE and low-density polyethylene materials. Based on the principle of pressure-compensating emitter flow compensation and numerical calculation method of computational fluid dynamics with Ansys 15.0, this study used an orthogonal design test on some important factors of the emitter, such as tip angle, channel width, channel depth, number of channel quantity. With the optimized design which parameter combination tip angle 34°, channel width 0.4 mm, channel depth 0.4 mm, number of channel quantity 12, the emitter was manufactured and tested for its compensating performance and anti-clogging performance. The results showed that the integral pressure-compensating emitter had a flow index of 0.07, a starting compensation pressure of 35 kPa, and a compensation range of 35-300 kPa. With well compensation performance, it belonged to the regulated pressure-compensating emitter; compared with one domestic emitter, the hydraulic performance of the integral pressure-compensating was much better; under low-pressure conditions, the integral pressure-compensating emitter had better anti-clogging performance than the B and C emitters. For example, when the sediment concentration was 1.0 g/L and the system pressure was 50 kPa, and 15 times irrigation later, the relative flows of the emitter A, B and C dropped to 93.1%, 54.2%, and 81.8%, respectively. Based on the integrated "all-plastic" design, the integral pressure-compensating emitter used a two-color injection on rapid prototyping which injected the mold of LDPE followed TPE material, and the two materials could be quickly combined. It was 15%-35% of the production cost of the traditional three-piece (substrate, silicon sheet, base) structure pressure-compensated emitter, and the production efficiency was increased by 50%-150%. Low production cost, short development cycle and easy recycling, it is a better substitute for the traditional emitter, and the study results provide valuable information for the integrated pressure-compensating emitter on construction designing and developing.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Costs - Elasticity - Flow rate - Molds - Numerical methods - Plastic recycling - Pressure - Product design - Quality control - Reinforced plastics - Rubber - Silicones - Substrates - Thermoplastic elastomers - Water conservation - Water distribution systems - Water recycling - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Clogging - Compensation performance - Drip irrigation projects - Integrated pressure - Numerical calculation methods - Structure design - Technology and equipments - Technology introductions
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 631 Fluid Flow - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 818.2 Elastomers - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.50e+01% to 3.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 1.50e+02%, Percentage 5.42e+01%, Percentage 8.18e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Pressure 3.50e+04Pa to 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 3.50e+04Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Size 4.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20200708172444
Title:Effect of feeding flaxseed on meat flavor quality of Sunit lambs
Title of translation:亚麻籽饲喂对苏尼特羊肉风味品质的影响
Authors:Liu, Chang (1); Luo, Yulong (1); Dou, Lu (1); Yang, Zhihao (1); Li, Wenbo (1); Zhao, Lihua (1); Su, Lin (1); Sun, Xuefeng (2); Jin, Ye (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Livestock Improvement Station of Urad Middle Banner, Bayan Nur; 015300, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Ye(jinyeyc@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:304-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the effect of flaxseed supplementation on the flavor quality of Sunit lamb, a total of 24 healthy sheep (four months old) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups fed on diets containing flaxseed at 0 (control group) and 8% (flaxseed group), respectively. The sheep were slaughtered after being fed for three months, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was taken for subsequent tests. In this experiment, the volatile flavor substances were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The electronic nose was applied to determine odor profile of the meat. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of the meat was measured to explore the relationship between antioxidant capacity and volatile flavor substances. The results showed that the growth performance and carcass mass in control group were similar to that of flaxseed group, and the difference was not significant(P>0.05). Flaxseed supplementation increased the richness of volatile flavor substance and affected its composition and content. The critical volatile flavor substances of Sunit lambs include 1-octen-3-ol, heptanal, (E)-2-octenal, octanal, (E)-2-nonenal, nonanal, (E)-2-decenal and decanal. The content of hexanal(13.78%)and nonanal(11.12%) in control group were significantly higher than flaxseed group(P<0.05). Flaxseed significantly increased the content of pentanal(4.37%), (E)-2-octenal(1.41%) and decana(1.35%)(P<0.05). Principal component analysis can distinguish the flavor of the two groups of lamb, indicating that the flaxseed supplementation had an effect on the critical flavor substance of the meat between two groups. Electronic nose result showed that flaxseed supplementation affected the overall flavor profile of the Sunit lambs and decreased the odor intensity. The radical scavenging ability (RSA) in flaxseed group was 58.09% and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) reached 0.53 U/mg, which significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that antioxidant system has a correlation with volatile flavor substances. Catalase (CAT) was significantly positively correlated with (E)-2-decenal (P<0.01). RSA was significantly positively correlated with (E)-2-octenal, (P<c0.01), but negatively correlated with nonanal (P<0.01). To conclude, flaxseed had an effect on the composition and content of volatile flavor substance, and it can improve the antioxidant ability of Sunit sheep. Flaxseed can affect the flavor of lambs by regulating antioxidant system.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Flax
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Electronic nose - Feeding - Gas chromatography - Mass spectrometry - Meats - Oilseeds - Principal component analysis - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Antioxidant capacity - Antioxidant systems - Correlation analysis - Flavor substances - Flaxseed - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry - Sunit lambs - Total antioxidant capacity
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 819.1 Natural Fibers - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.35e+00%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.41e+00%, Percentage 4.37e+00%, Percentage 5.81e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20200708172343
Title:Increasing soil organic carbon in aggregates and microflora diversity in moderate salt-affected soils through no till combined with plastic film mulching
Title of translation:免耕覆膜增加中度盐碱土团聚体有机碳和微生物多样性
Authors:Lu, Chuang (1, 2); Zhang, Hongyuan (1); Liu, Na (1); Zhang, Xiaoli (1); Pang, Huancheng (1); Li, Yuyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuyi(liyuyi@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:116-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In a 5-year field experiment, four treatments including the conventional tillage with no mulching (CT), conventional tillage with plastic film mulching (CTP), no-tillage with no mulching (NT), and no-tillage with plastic film mulching (NTP) were carried out to study the effects of different tillage methods on the moderate saline soil, such as the soil water and salt distribution, soil structure, aggregate organic carbon, and microflora. The results showed that in the fifth year of the experiment, the average water content of no-tillage treatments (NT and NTP) increased by 5.60% (before spring irrigation), 5.10% (after spring irrigation) than that of the tillage treatments (CT and CTP) in the 40-60 cm soil layer. Before spring irrigation, the average salt content of no-tillage treatments in the soil layers of 0-40 cm decreased by 36.53% (NT) and 11.66% (NTP), compared to that of the tillage treatments of CT and CTP. But after irrigation, the average salt of no-tillage treatments was lower than that of CT by 25.27%, whereas higher than that of CTP by 13.15%. After harvest, the accumulation rates in the soil layers of 0-20 cm under the CT, CTP, NT and NTP treatments were 99.16%, 26.33%, 21.18% and -6.26%, while the accumulation rates in 0-20 cm layers were 48.89%, 55.14%, 4.71% and 3.64%, respectively. These values indicated that the desalination occurred in the soil layer of 40-60 cm, in which the salt accumulation was observed in the no-tillage treatments, because both tillage treatments caused more salt to move up to the tillage layer. After harvest, the average content of macro aggregate (>0.25 mm) in the layers of 0-40cm under the NT and NTP was significantly higher by 53.41% than that of the tillage treatments, whereas the content of macro aggregates (>1 mm) under the NTP was higher by 40% than that of NT. Moreover, soil organic carbon in 0-40 cm layers under NT, NTP treatments significantly increased by 16.44%, 15.48% than that of CT, CTP, respectively. There were also a great increase in the amount of soil bacteria, antinomies and fungus in the NTP after harvest. The correlation analysis demonstrated that the amount of the bacteria was negatively correlated with the salt content of soil, but positively correlated with the macro aggregate (>0.25 mm) and the soil organic carbon. The amount of antinomies was negatively correlated with the salt content of soil. The data from the high-throughput sequencing technology also showed that the Shannon index under the NTP treatment was higher than that under the CT and CTP treatments. Meanwhile, the factor analysis showed that the community changes 50.9% in the soil organic carbon and 29.4% in macro aggregate (>0.25 mm), indicating both were main environmental factors on the soil bacterial community structure. The no-tillage with plastic film mulching can contribute to the salt accumulation, the improvement of soil structure, the increase SOC sequestration, and microbial diversity, and therefore can serve as a promising approach to increase the soil fertility in Hetao Irrigation regions of China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Bacteria - Desalination - Harvesting - Irrigation - Organic carbon - Plastic films - Saline water - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Conventional tillage - Environmental factors - High-throughput sequencing - No tillage - Plastic film mulching - Salt-affected soil - Soil bacterial community - Soil microflora
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage -6.26e+00%, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 1.64e+01%, Percentage 2.12e+01%, Percentage 2.53e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 3.64e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.71e+00%, Percentage 4.89e+01%, Percentage 5.09e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+00%, Percentage 5.34e+01%, Percentage 5.51e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 9.92e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20200708172510
Title:Bonding mechanism of dense forming of salix biomass fuel particles
Title of translation:沙柳生物质燃料颗粒致密成型粘结机理研究
Authors:Li, Zhen (1); Wang, Hongqiang (1); Gao, Yuhang (1); Yan, Li (1); Wang, Peng (1); De, Xuehong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Machine Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:235-241
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The biomass fuel is defined as burning biomass materials as fuel, which has the characteristics of wide distribution, reproducible and pollution-free. This fuel has become so important in the field of energy resources that the corresponding research has attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry. In order to improve technology of this fuel the physical and chemical properties of internal lignin during the dense forming process of Salix psammophila and its effect on fuel formation was researched in this paper, and a detailed discussion about its bonding mechanism of dense forming was presented. The main research process of this paper could be summarized as: Firstly, by using amporphous cell and forcite related blocks of software Materials Studio 2017, the lignin molecular fragments with different water content were created ( the lignin molecular chain was 10), in the procedure of creation, the initial temperature was 298 K, the pressure was standard atmospheric pressure, and the number of configuration was 2; Furthermore, in conditions of different moisture contents, pressures and temperatures, the molecular dynamics simulation calculation and related property prediction of lignin molecular fragment were conducted, and the diffusion ability of lignin molecules could be investigated by the distribution function in research of the latter, though analysis and calculation, the intervals of lignin molecule strong peak were determined; At last, for guaranteeing the rationality and reliability of bonding mechanism, and better observing the binding mode between particles, the hot pressing forming test of Salix biomass fuel was carried out with reference to the simulation conditions and the obtained results, the characteristics and microscopic morphology of the formed fuel were analyzed with the tested sample. The simulations and test illustrate that: in moisture content of 8%, 11%, 14%, 17%, the glass transition temperature (T<inf>g</inf>) of Salix lignin successively were 410, 392, 381 and 376 K. Although the diffusion ability of lignin molecules increased with the increasing temperature, increased first and then decreased with the increase of pressure and water content, and under the case of the pressure was 40 MPa and the water content was 14%, the diffusion ability reached the maximum value. When the water content, the pressure and the temperature were 14%, 40 MPa and 380 K, respectively, water molecules and lignin molecules could form hydrogen bonds, and the main source was predicted to be the interaction between water molecules and cyclic or acyclic hydroxyl groups. Based on the above analysis, the relevant characteristics of the molding fuel was studied, and the result showed that: Firstly, the prediction of properties was more accurate, such as salix lignin T<inf>g</inf>; Secondly, though proper moisture and temperature could reduce the molding power consumption and relaxation ratio, the both were not suitable excess high; Thirdly, in vertical direction, under the action of viscous fluid, the fuel interior particles were solidified together superimposed by the method of viscous fluid; Fourthly, in horizontal direction, the main binding modes of fuel interior particles were tiling, lapping and fitting, and had a significant mesh-like structure and this structure related to the rich fibers contained in the sand willow wood, and could effectively enhance the mechanism strength of the particles.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Atmospheric pressure - Binding energy - Biomass - Diffusion in liquids - Distribution functions - Fluid Power - Fueling - Fuels - Glass transition - Hot pressing - Hydrogen bonds - Lignin - Moisture determination - Molding - Molecular dynamics - Molecules - Reliability analysis - Software reliability - Software testing - Viscosity - Viscous flow - Water content - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and calculations - Bonding mechanism - Different moisture contents - Different water contents - Hot press forming - Molecular dynamics simulations - Physical and chemical properties - Salix
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Pressure 4.00e+07Pa, Temperature 2.98e+02K, Temperature 3.76e+02K, Temperature 3.80e+02K, Temperature 3.81e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20200708172457
Title:Effects of suspended solids in irrigation water on soil water infiltration
Title of translation:灌溉水中悬浮固体对土壤水分入渗性能的影响
Authors:Sheng, Feng (1, 2); Fang, Xianjing (1); Wu, Dan (2); Hu, Guohua (1, 2); Wei, Runchu (1, 2); Shen, Hongwei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science&Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha; 410114, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:98-106
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reclaimed water and sediment-laden river water for the farmland irrigation play an important role to alleviate the crisis of global freshwater and the shortage of agricultural water resources. The suspended solid particles in these bodies of water can change the structure properties of the irrigated soil, and characteristics of water flow, thereby to increase the management steps for irrigation and fertilization, and the risk for the contamination of groundwater system. In this paper, the irrigation experiments in the laboratory were carried out on the sand columns that filled by hand, under the different concentration of the suspended solid particles in the irrigation water, 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 g/L, the irrigation frequencies (irrigated every day, once every two days, and once every four days), as well the different irrigation schedules for the suspended solids-laden water and freshwater (irrigated with the suspended solids-laden water only, or with the suspended solids-laden water and freshwater alternatively). The infiltration time of the applied water to fully infiltrate into the sand column was measured to study the effect of the suspended solid particles in the irrigation water on the infiltrability of soil surface. After irrigation, Methylene Blue with the concentration of 10 g/L was used to illustrate the preferential flow patterns under the different infiltration conditions. After the Methylene Blue solution applied to the sand column surface for 48 h, the preferential flow patterns were obtained, and then photographed from the four sides and the excavated horizontal soil layers at the different depths for each experiment, in order to study the effects of suspended solid particles in the irrigation water on the preferential flow characteristics in the irrigated soil. The undisturbed soil cores were also collected from the stained regions of the excavated horizontal profiles at the different depths in each experiment to find the effects of suspended solid particles in irrigation water on the bulk density of soil, porosity and the deposition of suspended solids. The results demonstrated that, 1) the suspended solid particles in the applied water mainly deposited in the upper layer of the irrigated soil; 2) the higher concentration of the suspended particles in the irrigation water can result in the irrigated soil with the greater bulk density of soil, smaller porosity, worse surface infiltrability, and stronger preferential flow behavior with bending coefficient of preferential flow in the 4 sides of sand column and of preferential flow in the whole sand column increased from 2.49 and 4.31 to 3.55 and 11.18, respectively, as the concentration of suspended solids in irrigation water increased from 0 to 10 g/L; 3) the low concentration of suspended solids in the irrigation water also increased the preferential flow heterogeneity, but the surface infiltrability was not changed; 4) the lower irrigation frequency with the higher amount of irrigation can lead to more suspended solids accumulating in the surface of the soil layer, indicating increase in the soil bulk density and decrease in the porosity due to the soil stratification and strong preferential flow behavior with bending coefficient of preferential flow in the 4 sides of sand column and of preferential flow in the whole sand column increased from 3.10 and 7.78 to 3.83 and 12.12, respectively, as the irrigation frequency decreased from once a day to once every four days; 5) the higher irrigation frequency with the lower irrigation quota can lead to more suspended solids that transferred to the deeper soil layer, and thereby to alleviate the soil stratification and preferential flow behavior; 6) the alternative irrigation with the suspended solids-laden water and freshwater reduced the soil bulk density and preferential flow behavior, alleviated the suspended solid deposition, while increased porosity and surface infiltrability. But it was difficult to flush the applied suspended solid particles down to the deeper soil layer to prevent the soil compaction as the suspended solids transmitting depth only increased 5 cm under the alternative irrigation with suspended sediment-laden water and freshwater each day compared to those irrigated with suspended solids-laden water only. This finding can made great contribute to the schedule design for the irrigation of the reclaimed water and solids-laden river water.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Aromatic compounds - Deposition - Flow patterns - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Groundwater pollution - Irrigation - Moisture - Porosity - Sand - Soil moisture - Soil pollution - Soils - Suspended sediments - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Alternative irrigations - Bulk density - Methylene blue solution - Preferential flows - Sediment-laden water - Soil surfaces - Suspended solid particles - Suspended solids
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Size 5.00e-02m, Time 1.73e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20200708172511
Title:Simplified low temperature exothermic method for evaluating frost resistance of grapevine leaves
Title of translation:简化低温放热法用于葡萄叶片耐霜冻能力评价
Authors:Sun, Lulong (1, 2, 3); Ding, Jia'ning (1); Zhai, Heng (1); Du, Yuanpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Du, Yuanpeng(duyuanpeng001@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:223-228
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to understand the frost resistance of leaves in grapevine and provide sufficient information for grapevine breeding, a simplified low temperature exothermic method was applied to investigate the low temperature exothermic characteristics of leaves in grapevine. The useful information of low temperature exothermic curve was utilized to evaluate the frost resistance of grapevine leaves of fifteen different grape varieties. Six parameters including T<inf>1</inf>(supercooling point), t<inf>1</inf> (maintain time of supercooling point), T<inf>2</inf> (freezing point), t<inf>2</inf> (time when temperature raised from T<inf>1</inf> to T<inf>2</inf>), t<inf>3</inf> (maintain time of freezing point) and S(the area of the blade temperature curve and the air temperature baseline) were extracted form low temperature exothermic curves, to identify the frost resistance of different varieties. Correlation analysis was conducted firstly within the six parameters. There was a significantly positive correlation between T<inf>1</inf> and T<inf>2</inf>, S at 0.01 level. There was a significantly positive correlation between T<inf>2</inf> and t<inf>3</inf> at 0.05 level and a significantly positive correlation with S at 0.01 level. There was a significantly positive correlation between t<inf>2</inf> and t<inf>3</inf> at 0.05 level. These results indicated that, possibility existed to simplify these parameters. These simplified parameters could be used to assess the frost resistance of grapevine leaves individually or simultaneously. According to the results of one-way analysis of variance, there was no significant difference within different varieties at the level of T<inf>1</inf>, t<inf>1</inf> and t<inf>3</inf>, indicating that these three indexes could not be used to distinguish the frost resistance of grapevine leaves. Differences existed within fifteen cultivars according to T<inf>2</inf>, t<inf>2</inf> and S by one-way ANOVA analysis, which indicated that T<inf>2</inf>, t<inf>2</inf> and S could be used to assess the frost resistance of grapevine leaves individually. To integrate the information of T<inf>2</inf>, t<inf>2</inf> and S, membership function of T<inf>2</inf>, t<inf>2</inf> and S were calculated for each cultivar and the mean value of membership function of each cultivar was calculated. The range of mean value of membership function was from 0.096(Muscat Hambourg) to 0.865(Summer Black). The means of membership functions were then used for a cluster analysis. The results shown that, fifteen cultivars could be divided into 3 types according to the frost resistance: Muscat Hambourg and Frontenac, the mean value of membership function was 0.113, own the most frost hardiness;Summer black, the mean value of membership function was 0.865, was the most vulnerable to frost;other cultivars, the mean value of membership function was 0.487, own the moderate frost hardiness. Among fifteen grapevine cultivars, the leaves of Muscat Hambourg and Frontenac own the strongest frost resistance. Our results indicated that, the low-temperature exothermic method was feasible in evaluating the frost resistance of grapevine leaves. The super cooling point was not suitable for comparing frost resistance of grapevine leaves, which was different from the conventional knowledgement.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Membership functions
Controlled terms:Cluster analysis - Freezing - Frost resistance - Function evaluation - Supercooling - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation analysis - Evaluation - Exothermic characteristics - Grapevine - Grapevine breedings - Leaf - Low temperatures - Positive correlations
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20200708172557
Title:Suitability evaluation and priority area delineation of high standard basic farmland construction at county level
Title of translation:县域高标准基本农田建设适宜性评价与优先区划定
Authors:Tang, Feng (1); Xu, Lei (2); Zhang, Pengtao (2); Zhang, Guijun (2); Fu, Meichen (1); Zhang, Junfeng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Land and Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) School of Public Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan; 430073, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Pengtao(zhangpt@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:242-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The construction of high standard basic farmland is an important strategic measure for ensuring food security in China. We took Changli County of Hebei Province as the research area. Based on the data of permanent basic farmland delineation, the arable land quality grade update, land use change, soil sampling and others, the permanent basic farmland map was taken as the evaluation unit, and the evaluation index system was constructed from seven aspects: soil quality, space quality, location conditions, infrastructure, economic level, ecological quality and environmental pollution. The improved catastrophe progression model was used to evaluate the construction suitability from four levels of natural quality, socio-economic, ecological environment and comprehensive conditions. On the basis of the comprehensive suitability scores, the hotspot analysis method was used to analyze the spatial clustering characteristics and then the high-standard basic farmland priority areas were delineated, in order to provide reference for the construction of high standard basic farmland and the implementation of related land remediation work in Changli County. We found that the spatial distribution characteristics of natural quality, socio-economic and ecological environment suitability were very different. The high-value zones of natural quality suitability were evenly distributed in each town, while the low-value zones were concentrated in the areas along the Qilihai River. The high-value zones of socio-economic suitability were concentrated in the downstream of the three major rivers, as well as along the national roads and major county roads, while the low-value zones were scattered in areas far away from the main trunk lines and rural settlements. The spatial distribution pattern of ecological environment suitability was relatively scattered, but the ecological environment suitability of the area near the eastern state-owned forest farms and the upstream of the southwestern rivers was higher than other regions. The comprehensive suitability was mainly suitable and the spatial differentiation was obvious. The comprehensive suitability score was divided into five levels including completely suitable, basically suitable, critically suitable, basically unsuitable, and completely unsuitable by the natural breakpoint method, and the area ratios of the five were 26.73%, 28.69%, 23.36%, 14.48% and 6.74%. In the space, the comprehensive suitability of the areas along the Luanhe River and the Yinma River, along national roads and county roads was strong, while it was poor of the sand belt in the Qilihai river basin and the southeastern Luanhe river estuary. The area ratios of the top priority zone, the secondary priority zone and the tertiary priority zone were 32.28%, 38.65% and 29.07% respectively. In the space, the top priority zone was highly coincident with the completely suitable level area, the secondary priority zone was highly coincident with the basic suitable level area, and the tertiary priority zone was basically located in the unsuitable level area. The evaluation method based on permanent basic farmland map and improved catastrophe progression model can be effectively used for high-standard basic farmland comprehensive quality and construction suitability evaluation. The research results can guide the selection of high standard basic farmland construction projects in Changli County.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Disasters - Economics - Farms - Food supply - Land use - Remediation - River pollution - Rivers - Soil quality - Spatial distribution - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Catastrophe progressions - Construction suitability evaluations - Distribution characteristics - Environmental pollutions - High standards - Priority area - Spatial distribution patterns - Suitability evaluation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 453 Water Pollution - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.86e+01%, Percentage 6.74e+00%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 2.34e+01%, Percentage 2.67e+01%, Percentage 2.87e+01%, Percentage 2.91e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20200708172454
Title:Multidimensional coordination pattern of provincial land population economy and its zoning development strategy
Title of translation:省域土地人口经济多维协调格局及分区发展策略
Authors:Zhang, Hui (1); Su, Hang (1); Xue, Rui (1, 2); Zhang, Guifang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin; 150001, China; (3) School of Geographic Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou; 510275, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Rui(wwxrpig@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:262-270
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore land use strategies from the perspective of multidimensional coordination of land, population and economy is the key to solving the current urban-rural gap and the contradiction between human and land resources. In this paper, the improved land management scale model was used to measure the rural land pressure in various regions; the logistic model was used to calculate the urban population gap in various regions; and the nodularity index was used to analyze the comprehensive economic development level of each region. The evaluation results were analyzed with KDE and coupling coordination index. The development types were classified according to the results of coordination analysis. Finally, the spatial planning was carried out and development suggestions were proposed. This paper indicates that the suitable land management scale per household in Heilongjiang Province is 11.6 hm<sup>2</sup>, the surplus agricultural population is 11.02 million, and the total pressure on rural land is 51 478 940 hm<sup>2</sup>. The urban population carrying capacity of Heilongjiang is 30.31 million, and the urban population gap is 7.89 million. According to KDE analysis, the center of economic development level is located in Daqing City, with a score of 0.877. All KDE centers are located in the west and south of Heilongjiang Province, which shows that the contradiction of development of Heilongjiang Province is concentrated in the west and south. There is a high level of coordination among land, population and economic systems, and formed four different categories. The first categoryis urban-rural coordination model and is classified as an industrial transformation and upgrading zone, including Daqing only. With the depletion of oil resources in the region, we should give full play to its existing financial advantages and find alternative pillar industries in time to cope with the huge transformation pressure faced by the industry. The second category is the agricultural and forestry professional models, which is classified as ecological agricultural development zones, including Daxinganling, Hegang, Heihe, Jixi, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Qitaihe, Shuangyashan and Yichun.. The region should actively change the mode of agricultural production and management, promote agricultural industrialization, enrich the development of downstream industries, and make rational use of resources. At the same time, special division of labor and cooperation should be adopted to avoid the competition caused by the homogenization of resource endowments between regions. The third category is the urban-rural gap model only including Harbin, which is classified as urban radiation driven area. Harbin, as a provincial capital city, should give full play to its huge resource advantages to play a role of radiation and promote the development of the whole region. The fourth category is the overall lagging mode, including Qiqihar and Suihua, which is classified as urban-rural composite optimization zones. The region must take industrialization as the key and cultivate large enterprises with strong economic driving capacity to strengthen the economic strength of cities and absorb surplus agricultural population in this way. At the same time, rural areas should increase the intensity of land use, increase economic output per unit area of land, and take a new approach to multiplying agricultural functions, rural industrialization and population urbanization to promote farmers' income.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Industrial economics
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Economic and social effects - Land use - Models - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industrializations - Agricultural productions - Coordinated development - Coordination degree - Economic system - Industrial transformations - New urbanization - Urban-rural coordinations
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20200708172330
Title:Triaxial shear strength and immersion compressive strength of sandy clayey purple soil treated by microbial induced calcite precipitation
Title of translation:微生物固化砂质黏性紫色土的三轴抗剪强度与浸水抗压强度
Authors:Shen, Taiyu (1); Li, Xian (1); Wang, Shiji (1, 2); Xu, Chong (1); Xue, Le (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing; 408100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shiji(shjwang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:135-143
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The sandy clayey purple soil is widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin, the southwestern part of China, which is a kind of erosive high-productive soil. In the abundant rainfall environment, the road, slope, water conservancy and other engineering facilities always have been broken due to the low strength, inadequate adhesion and poor corrosion resistance of sandy clayed purple soil. The main factor affecting soil erosion is inadequate adhesion between soil particles, microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technology can bind soil particles and improve soil mechanical properties. Bio-mediated soil has recently emerged as a new sustainable technique of soil improvement, and MICP technology takes advantages of low pollution, low energy consumption and controllable reaction. In this paper, the sandy clayey purple soil was treated by bacillus megaterium which is more suitable than sporosarcina pasteurii in the sandy clayey purple soil area. Bacillus megaterium is difficult to be washed away by seriflux and heavy rainfall due to its large size and thin rod shape. Besides this, it also has environmental protection effects such as soil phosphorus-solubilizing and water purification. At first, MICP tube tests were conducted to investigate urease activity influenced by different concentrations of urea and CaCl<inf>2</inf> in curing fluid, which was conducted to select the approximate curing concentration. Low-pressure grouting curing device and soft soaking device were manufactured for soil curing test. Based on triaxial shear test and immersion unconfined compressive strength test (0~32h), the influence rule of curing process including low-pressure grouting and soft soaking, curing time and immersion duration on the triaxial strength and immersion strength were studied. The results showed that urease activity could be inhibited by CaCl<inf>2</inf> and decrease as the increase of CaCl<inf>2</inf> concentration, whereas urease activity could be promoted by urea. And the good urease activity of bacillus megaterium could be obtained with a curing fluid of 1 mol/L CaCl<inf>2</inf> with 1-2 mol/L Urea, which can deposit a lot of CaCO<inf>3</inf>. After treating by low-pressure grouting, the triaxial shear strength and CaCO<inf>3</inf> production of soil sample increased with curing time, the increase has become smaller and smaller, and the curing peak strength could appear due to constantly decreasing permeability. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the 9 days’ low-pressure grouting curing sample increased by 203.9% and 21.5% (81kPa, 31.59°) compared with nature sample, respectively. MICP technology can improve corrosion resistance of soil. After 32 h immersion, the collapse ratio, immersion unconfined compressive strength and strength loss rate of 7 days’ low-pressure grouting curing sample were reduced by 5.1 percentage points (3.54%), increased by 223.7% (108.1 kPa) and reduced by 36.5 percentage points (8%) compared with nature sample, respectively. The curing effect of soft soaking is significantly weaker than that of low-pressure grouting. Bonding points in sample cured by soft soaking are less than that in sample cured by low-pressure grouting because seriflux is hard to penetrate into soil in soft soaking method. It provides scientific basis and reference for the application of MICP technology in foundation, slope reinforcement and soil and water conservation in purple soil area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Shear strength
Controlled terms:Adhesion - Bacteriology - Calcite - Calcium carbonate - Chlorine compounds - Compressive strength - Concrete construction - Corrosion resistance - Curing - Energy utilization - Erosion - Grouting - Metabolism - Mortar - Rain - River pollution - Soil conservation - Soil testing - Soils - Underground corrosion - Urea - Water conservation - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Bacillus megaterium - Calcite precipitation - Soil improvement - Tri-axial shear tests - Unconfined compressive strength
Classification code:405.2 Construction Methods - 412 Concrete - 414.3 Mortar (Before 1993, use code 412) - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 453 Water Pollution - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 539.1 Metals Corrosion - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.00e+03mol/m3 to 2.00e+03mol/m3, Percentage 2.04e+02%, Percentage 3.54e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Pressure 1.08e+05Pa, Pressure 8.10e+04Pa, Time 0.00e+00s to 1.15e+05s, Time 1.15e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20200708172613
Title:Fertilizer injecting route analysis and test for air-blowing seed-fertilizer hole-applicator via CFD-DEM coupling
Title of translation:耦合CFD-DEM的气力式种肥穴施装置投肥路径分析与试验
Authors:Liu, Zhengdao (1); Wang, Qingjie (1); Li, Hongwen (1); He, Jin (1); Lu, Caiyun (1); Yu, Changchang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:18-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The pneumatic hole-fertilization device can deliver a pre-calculated amount of fertilizer to pre-designed locations in soil and is hence effective in improving fertilizer use efficiency. The operation of the pneumatic hole-fertilization device consists of three steps: taking fertilizer, transporting it and injecting it to soil. To ensure accuracy in taking fertilizer, it needs to completely remove the fertilizer from the chamber in the device and curtail spatial distribution of the fertilizer in soil during the injecting process. The structure of the gas channel in the injecting component controls the quality of fertilizer transporting, while the fertilizer movement in the chamber remains elusive. There is a paucity of study about the impact of fertilizer-moving route on performance of the device. Depending on how the disposing outlet pipe is connected to the fertilizer-plate, the fertilizer injection can be divided into lateral injection and bottom injection. In this paper, we simulated the impact of the two injections on fertilizer movement using the discrete element method software - EDEM, and then coupled it with CFD to simulate gas flow and fertilizer movement under different inlet velocities. The results showed occurrence of backflow of the fertilizer as airflow velocity increased due to the disturbance caused to the fertilizer in the chamber when the connected area between the chamber and the inlet pipe was small. Increasing the connected area can attenuate gas flow velocity and reduce fertilizer disturbance, thereby stabilizing fertilizer movement. When the inlet velocity was 4 m/s, both injections worked poorly. Increasing the inlet velocity could improve fertilizer removal rate and the accumulation performance. When the inlet velocity was 8 m/s, the accumulation performance of fertilizer under lateral injection was superior to under bottom injection, while the bottom injection had the edge in fertilizer-clearing rate. We also conducted a bench experiment under different inlet velocities to compare the two injections by capturing the distribution and movement of fertilizer in the proximity of the outlet using a high-speed camera. The experimental results were consistent with the EDEM-CFD simulations. When the inlet velocity was 8 m/s, the fertilizer removal rate and the distribution length under the lateral injection were 85.5% and 9.9 cm respectively, while under the bottom injection they were 87.1% and 11.4 cm respectively. Comparing the EDEM-CFD simulation with the experimental results revealed that EDEM-CFD can be used as a tool to design and optimize the fertilizer route in the pneumatic hole-fertilization device.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Experiments - Flow of gases - Flow velocity - High speed cameras - Inlet flow - Pneumatics - Quality control - Soils - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Bench experiment - Bottom injection - CFD simulations - CFD-DEM - Fertilizer use - Hole-fertilization - Inlet velocity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631 Fluid Flow - 632.3 Pneumatics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.55e+01%, Percentage 8.71e+01%, Size 1.14e-01m, Size 9.90e-02m, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s, Velocity 8.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20200708172328
Title:Subregional optimization of wind-solar microgrid composite energy storage system
Title of translation:风光储微电网系统复合储能的网格式优化
Authors:Tian, De (1); Chen, Zhonglei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of New Energy Power System, North China Electric Power University, Beijing; 102206, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:196-201
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Microgrid is a new type of power grid which combines micro power supply, multiple loads and energy storage system. Renewable energy generation is the main form of micro power supply, and it has the characteristics of intermittent and instability, which greatly affects the stability and security of micro grid operation. In order to improve the stability and security of micro grid operation, improve the absorption capacity of micro grid for renewable energy generation, and reduce the adverse impact of renewable energy generation in micro grid on micro grid and external grid, the role of energy storage system is particularly important. In order to optimize the traditional micro grid hybrid energy storage system, the grid distribution and capacity matching method of the hybrid energy storage system were studied, and the adaptive grid hierarchical control strategy was proposed. Taking an industrial park in the north of Hebei Province as an example, there were dozens of industrial enterprises in the park. The park adopted the mode of comprehensive energy system to achieve the maximum self-sufficiency of the park's energy consumption. With the same characteristics, each enterprise has a large area of available roof, which can use photovoltaic power generation to supply the park's energy; the park surrounding mountains can be built with distributed wind power or wind farms. The micro grid system includes external grid, regional grid, wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hybrid energy storage system and industrial load. Based on the basic conditions of the industrial park, the micro grid model including wind power, photovoltaic, grid composite energy storage system and distributed load was established. The micro grid was divided into four grids according to the simulation analysis of the research content, and the configuration of the composite energy storage system was solved by the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO). Before the optimization of composite energy storage, the external power outputs of the four grids were 1 280, 399, 1 284 and 957 kW; The external power demands were 1 480, 1 459, 1 396 and 1 247 kW, respectively. The results showed that the proposed grid format optimization method and adaptive grid hierarchical control strategy could eliminate all the renewable energy generation in the micro grid without external power output, at the same time, reduce the dependence of the external grid to the maximum, and achieve large-scale power self-sufficiency. The external power demands of the four grids were 79, 661, 81 and 253.8 kW, respectively, the total maximum external power demand was 895.8 kW, only 6.40% of the upper limit of transmission power. The power demand of the external power grid occurs in the two time periods of 00:00-05:00 and 18:00-21:00, both of which were the time of low load of the power grid, which had little impact on the external power grid and would not bring heavy pressure to the external power grid. It can be seen that the grid optimization method proposed in this paper can effectively suppress the fluctuation of source side and user behavior in micro grid system, improve the consumption capacity of renewable energy to the grid, and reduce the dependence and influence of renewable energy on the external grid.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Electric power transmission networks
Controlled terms:Adaptive control systems - Behavioral research - Electric power system control - Electric power system interconnection - Electric power utilization - Energy storage - Energy utilization - Microgrids - Optimization - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Photovoltaic cells - Solar energy - Wind power
Uncontrolled terms:Composite energy - Energy storage systems - Grid optimization methods - Hierarchical control - Hybrid energy storage systems - Micro grid - Photovoltaic power generation - Renewable energy generation
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 525.7 Energy Storage - 615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 731.1 Control Systems - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.40e+00%, Power 1.25e+06W, Power 1.40e+06W, Power 2.54e+05W, Power 8.10e+04W, Power 8.96e+05W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20200708172596
Title:Design and experiment of suspended vibratory actuator for picking Camellia Olerfera fruits
Title of translation:悬挂振动式油茶果采摘执行机构设计与试验
Authors:Gao, Zicheng (1); Zhao, Kaijie (1); Li, Lijun (1); Pang, Guoyou (1); Wang, Xiaochen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; 410004, China
Corresponding author:Li, Lijun(junlili1122@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:9-17
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A suspended vibratory actuator for removing camellia fruits from a plant was designed to improve the picking efficiency while reduce the cost. This present picking actuator mainly comprised a vibratory head device for clamping a fruit plant, and a column mechanism for controlling the vibratory head. The column mechanism can make the rotation and lifting of the vibratory head, and consequently the vibratory head can hold the fruit tree while generate an exciting force. A double eccentric structure was used for the excitation mechanism, and a hydraulic cylinder as an actuator was used for the clamping mechanism. A harvesting dynamics model combined the picking actuator and the camellia oleifera tree was established to obtain the amplitude expression and influencing factors of the system under the steady-state response. The simulated results showed that there was a periodical change in the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the fruit tree, whereas the amplitude and phase angle depended on the system itself regardless of the initial conditions. The three-dimensional modeling using ANSYS method was also established to create a flexible body model of the camellia oleifera tree according to the field measurement. The ANSYS and ADAMS software were used to systematically analyze the rigid-flexible coupling mechanism of the picking actuator-chamber tree. The picking frequency in this simulation was 12 and 15 Hz while the clamping height was 1 300, 1 000 and 700 mm, respectively. The acceleration curve of the side branch was used to obtain the movement track of the fruit tree clamping position, and the relationship between the acceleration of the side branch and the clamping height/frequency. The obtained results showed that there was a periodical change in the acceleration of the side branch, whereas there was a reciprocating linear motion in the clamping position, when the fruit tree was excited by the double eccentric mass. The speed of the side bracket increased with the increase of the clamping height and the frequency. When the picking frequency was 15 Hz and the clamping height was 1 300 mm, the maximum acceleration of the side branch was 2.84×10<sup>5</sup> m/s<sup>2</sup>. This finding inferred that the picking actuator showed good feasibility. The tea picking machine was also used for the field picking test to verify the simulated results. The experimental results using the range analysis method demonstrated that the fruit-drop rate and the flower-drop rate increased with the increase of the picking frequency, and the fruit-drop rate increased with the increase of the height of the buck, whereas the flower-drop rate decreased with the increase of the grip height. The high fruit-drop rate of 95.1% and the low flower-drop rate of 4.8% were achieved when the frequency was 15 Hz and the clamping height was 1 300 mm.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Drops - Flexible couplings - Forestry - Hydraulic actuators - Mechanization - Orchards
Uncontrolled terms:Drop rates - Excitation mechanisms - Picking - Rigid flexible coupling - Rigid-flexible coupling models - Steady-state response - Suspended and vibratory type - Three-dimensional model
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.20e+01Hz, Frequency 1.50e+01Hz, Percentage 4.80e+00%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.30e+00m, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20200708172308
Title:Estimation method of injection pulse width and suppression strategy for multiple injection interference of diesel engine
Title of translation:柴油机多次喷射干扰的喷油脉宽评估方法及抑制策略
Authors:Wang, Zhengjiang (1); Shen, Lizhong (1); Yao, Guozhong (1); Huang, Fenlian (1); Wan, Mingding (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Lizhong(lzshen@foxmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:43-50
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Energy-saving and less emission have become the stringent requirement to improve the performance of modern diesel engines. The general rail technology at high pressure is a key field to realize the low emission and low fuel consumption of diesel engines, because the multiple injections can be realized easily at each cycle of each cylinder in common rail diesel engines. The rise rate of combustion and pressure in the diesel engine can also be controlled more flexibly and accurately by the multiple injections at high pressure. However, there are great negative influence on the engine performance and electronic control unit, when the multiple injections interferes or overlaps with each other. This present study was focused on the influence of the pre-injection overlapped with the main injection in varying degrees on the engine performances, injector and controller. An experiment was carried out at three working conditions with different loads. The experimental results showed that the peak current of the injector reached about 39 A, about twice of the normal value of the needed injector, where this injector was most likely to be damaged. The injector was in a continuous open state when the pilot injection overlaps the main injection, where the overlapping percentage was 0. In this case, two injections were superimposed as one injection, and the pre-injection effect disappeared, which can prolong the ignition delay. Compared with overlapping percentage -50%, the increase of ignition delay angle of 0 overlap at three working points was 4.1, 4.8 and 5.2 °CA, and the increase rate was 86.7%, 115% and 99%, respectively. In the ignition delay, the combustion pressure and the instantaneous heat release rate increased, resulting the increase of the combustion temperature and the combustion noise in the cylinder. The emission performance of the diesel engine can also affected. In order to prevent the interference or overlap of multiple injections, an inhibition strategy based on the evaluation of the injection pulse width was proposed to coordinate the injection taking place at a reasonable location. Whether pre-injection can interfere or overlap with the main injection was investigate under this strategy based on the injection pulse width. When the result was interference or overlap, a new injection angle of pre-injection was calculated by the inhibition strategy based on the current pre-injection, the maximum pre-injection advance angle, the current main injection advance angle and the minimum injection interval. In this way, the pre-injection was coordinated within a reasonable range and cannot interfere with the main injection if the pre-injection occurred at the calculated injection angle. This strategy to inhibit the inference of multiple injection can contribute to the light vehicle emission for the better design of the modern diesel engines.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Diesel engines
Controlled terms:Combustion - Energy conservation - Fuel injection - Ignition - Particulate emissions - Wave interference
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion temperatures - Common rail diesel engines - Control strategies - Electronic control units - Heat Release Rate (HRR) - Injection advance angles - Injection pulse width - Stringent requirement
Classification code:451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 521.1 Fuel Combustion - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 612.2 Diesel Engines
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.90e+01A, Percentage -5.00e+01%, Percentage 1.15e+02%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20200708172543
Title:Evaluation of suitability using typical drought index in source region of the Yellow River
Title of translation:典型干旱指数在黄河源区的适宜性评估
Authors:Wang, Zuoliang (1, 2); Wen, Jun (3); Li, Zhenchao (1); Han, Bo (4); Liu, Rong (1); Wang, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) College of Atmospheric Sciences, Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu; 610225, China; (4) Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai; 519028, China
Corresponding author:Wen, Jun(jwen@cuit.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:186-195
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the most important catchment of the Yellow River, the drought of the source region of the Yellow River has a significant impact on water resources regulation and ecological environment protection. Although, as a foundation of drought estimates, drought index is capable of describing the intensity, range and starting and ending time of the drought, due to differences of the methodology and background in drought indexes, widely used drought index based on meteorological measurements cannot precisely depict the temporal and intensity characteristic of the drought, evaluating the performance of drought index is essential for drought monitoring and diagnosis. Therefore, soil moisture anomaly percentage index (SMAPI) from a well-instrumented regional-scale soil moisture and temperature monitoring network was identified as the reference of drought index to evaluate five droughts indices-the palmer drought severity index (PDSI), the self-calibrating palmer drought severity index (SC-PDSI), standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and monthly land water storage anomaly from gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE). The time series of SMAPI showed that during the whole study period there were five stages which were respectively from July 2008 to August 2009 (the first stage), September 2009 to March 2011 (the second stage), April 2011 to December 2011(the third stage), January 2012 to June 2016 (the fourth stage) and from July 2016 to June 2017 (the fifth stage). Results indicated against the first stage, two distinct features of SMAPI were presented with an initial increasing trend and increasing again after a decreasing trend at the end of the first stage. At this stage, a slight drought event occurred in the cold winter of 2008 (SMAPI=-17%). Against the second stage, except August of 2010, the SMAPI showed a slowly drying trend, especially at the end of 2010, that all SMAPI of different soil depths decreased to approximately -20% indicates during this period there was a stable drought event. Against the third stage, the study area presented a clear wetting process, and in the fall of 2011 occurring an extremely wetting event, which was the most humid month overall phases (SMAPI at 0.05 m was equal to 52%). The drought event with the longest duration was from January 2012 to June 2016 (the fourth stage), and in accordance with minimum SMAPI (SMAPI at 0.05 m, 0.10 m, and 0.20 m were equal to -47%, -43%, -41%, respectively) at three soil depths, the severest drought occurred in August 2015. The drought began to mitigate in the last stage, and concurrent SMAPI increased to larger than 5% in January 2017. The estimation of the five indexes indicated SC-PDSI had a similar trend with PDSI, but SC-PDSI showed a more stable characteristic in comparison of PDSI, and thus SC-PDSI performed the optimum effect in the Yellow River source region, but according to an existing classification of drought, it would generally overestimate the intensity of drought event, and the future work should thus need to define a new classification of drought for SC-PDSI. Against an identical time-scale parameter k, the time series of SPI and SPEI showed similar characteristics, but SPI was more suitable for assessing the intensity of drought in this study region. But when air temperature was less than 0, it would result in a large error in study area. Terrestrial water storage anomaly from gravity recovery and climate experiment, as a space-borne remote sensing observation product, showed a significant agreement with the SMAPI (correlation coefficient was 0.37, P<0.01). Relevant research should primarily focus on improving the existing drought assessment approach or developing a more suitable drought index for the source catchment of the Yellow River in future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Catchments - Moisture control - Precipitation (chemical) - Remote sensing - Rivers - Runoff - Soil moisture - Time series - Transport properties - Water supply - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological environment protections - Gravity recovery and climate experiments - Meteorological measurements - Palmer drought severity indices - Self-calibrating Palmer drought severity indices - Source region of Yellow River - Standardized precipitation index - Suitability evolution
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage -2.00e+01%, Percentage -4.10e+01%, Percentage -4.30e+01%, Percentage -4.70e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20200708172446
Title:Prediction model of flow properties of feed material powder
Title of translation:饲料原料粉体流动特性预测模型
Authors:Chen, Jiyuan (1); Wang, Hongying (1); Jin, Nan (1); Fang, Peng (1); Duan, Enze (1); Chang, Chuchen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Agro-processing Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:312-318
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the process of animal feed processing, a large number of powder materials are involved in the process. From the grinding of raw materials to the stock bin, the feeding equipment connecting each process, and the mixing machine, materials are all at the powder state. In the transportation and storage process of powder materials, due to the interaction between particles, problems such as knot arch, rat hole, low flow rate, even blockage will arise. To solve the above problems, it is necessary to explore the flow characteristics of different powders. Select two raw materials that account for a large proportion in the feed formula of livestock and poultry: Soybean meal and corn DDGS. Using respectively equipped with 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm sieve aperture crusher for crushing, obtain the granular powder raw material, the moisture content of raw materials after crushed is about 10%, and after mixing machine, the moisture content is about 14%, so this study powder moisture content (wet basis) gradient is set to 10%, 12% and 14%, respectively. By drying and adding water, obtaining corresponding moisture content of the powder materials. The stress of materials in silos increases with the increase of the height, the consolidation stress range was set as 1-3 kPa based on the stress level of the powder in actual production. This paper chooses three kinds of crushing granularity (shattered screen surface pore size: 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mm) of soybean meal and corn DDGS as the research object. Based on the measured shear method of powder flow meter in different moisture content (10% ~ 14%, wet basis) and different consolidation stress(1-3 kPa), explore the characterization of the change of its flowability, and analyzes the three factors on the influence law of liquidity, and build the prediction model of cohesion of research variables. The results showed that the flowability of soybean meal and DDGS powder was significantly affected by consolidation stress, moisture content and particle size, and was also affected by the interaction of the three factors. Consolidation stress was the most significant, moisture content and crushing particle size were the second. With the increase of consolidation stress, the spacing between the particles of soybean meal powder decreased due to compression, which led to the increase of van der Waals force and impeded the movement between the two particles, and thus the flowability of the powder became worse. As the mesh size decreased, the particle size decreased, resulting in more compact powder accumulation, which showed a law of poor flowability. As the moisture content of powder increased, the capillary force between particles increased, thereby increasing the adhesion between particles, thus reducing the flowability of the powder. DDGS powder showed a similar rule. A multiple regression model (R<sup>2</sup>>0.957) of cohesion on moisture content, consolidation stress and particle size was established based on the experimental data, which could effectively predict the flow characteristics of powder of the two feed materials in the paper. The results provided the theoretical basis for the storage, transportation and mixing process parameters optimization of feed materials powder of raw materials.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Powders
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Compressive strength - Crushing - Digital storage - Feeding - Flowmeters - Forecasting - Materials handling - Mixing - Moisture - Moisture determination - Particle size - Pore size - Regression analysis - Shear flow - Van der Waals forces
Uncontrolled terms:Cohesive - Consolidation stress - Different moisture contents - Flow charac-teristics - Flow function - Flowability - Multiple regression model - Powder accumulation
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+03Pa to 3.00e+03Pa, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-03m, Percentage 1.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20200708172524
Title:Improved crop water deficit index for monitoring drought disaster change process of spring maize in the Northeast China
Title of translation:改进作物水分亏缺指数用于东北地区春玉米干旱灾变监测
Authors:Li, Chongrui (1); You, Songcai (1); Wu, Yongfeng (1); Wang, Yihao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:You, Songcai(yousc@igsnrr.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:175-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to prevent agricultural droughts in the future, a dynamic monitoring system for the drought transition process of the spring maize in the Northeast of China (NC) in 2018 was established to track and get feedback of the temporal spatial characteristics of droughts using the crop water deficit index (CWDI) method. A meteorological interpolation software, ANUSPLIN was used to interpolate the daily average temperature, the maximum temperature, the minimum temperature, the average wind speed, the average air pressure, sunshine hours, the average relative humidity and the precipitation data at meteorological stations in NC in 2018. These meteorological data can be extended from some points to the surfaces. The daily pixel-by-pixel reference evapotranspiration (ET<inf>0</inf>) of crops was calculated by programming in IDL language. The maize characteristics were determined at the different growth period, including the early, middle and late stages. Using the Kriging method, the key growth data of maize were interpolated at the growth period including seeding, three leaf, tasseling, milking, raping. The daily maize crop coefficient and dynamic thresholds was improved by using the key growth data and function to cumulative improved CWDI. Then daily and 8-day synthesis of CWDI and improved CWDI were calculated. The improved CWDI monitoring data of the spring maize at the drought in 2018 were in good agreement with the survey data of the ground drought, with the high accuracy of 75.7%, which is 8.1% higher than CWDI. Improved CWDI has shown good spatial continuity, which is suitable for the purpose of dynamic monitoring of the drought disaster process of spring maize. In 2018, the spring drought in NC was stronger than the summer drought, while the drought degree was more serious during the maize growing period. Both the spring drought and summer drought occurred in NC in 2018, particularly the most severe period occurred in May and from late July to mid-August. The area of spring drought was larger than that of the summer drought. The spring drought mainly occurred in the western and northern of Liaoning Province, western Jilin Province, Chifeng and Tongliao in Inner Mongolia. The spring drought began to occur in the west of Jilin Province and expanded continuously to the southwest, with the direction of subsidence consistent with the direction of movement. The summer drought mainly occurred in the south of NC, particularly in Liaoning Province. The drought continued to develop from the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and the western part of Liaoning Province to the eastern part, and then decrease from the eastern and western sides to the central part. In the whole growth period of maize, the drought occurred to a certain extent. The improved CWDI can well reveal the mitigation effect of the precipitation process on drought before and after May 22, 2018. The improved CWDI can be used to monitor the drought disaster process of the spring maize in NC. It was also sensitive to the short-term variation of precipitation factors. The change of drought intensity that caused by increasing daily precipitation can also be represented in real time.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Crops - Disasters - Interpolation - Monitoring - Pixels - Water - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic monitoring system - Eastern part of inner mongolia - Meteorological station - Northeast China - Reference evapotranspiration - Spring maize - Temporal-spatial characteristics - Water deficit index
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.19e-02yr, Percentage 7.57e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20200708172319
Title:Effects of earthing up on yield and water use efficiency of potato under straw strip mulching planting pattern
Title of translation:秸秆带状覆盖下培土对马铃薯产量与水分利用效率的影响
Authors:Li, Hui (1); Chai, Shouxi (2); Chang, Lei (2); Cheng, Hongbo (3); Han, Fanxiang (1); Chai, Yuwei (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Lanzhou City College, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Chai, Shouxi(sxchai@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:107-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Strip mulch of corn straw planting technique is a drought-resistant and moisture-preservation cultivation technique in the northwest rain-fed region of China. Previous studies mainly focused on the mechanism of increasing yield of this technology compared with plastic film mulching planting and conventional planting, while earthing up, a traditional cultivation method for potato in these retiongs, is not included. This study investigated the effects of earthing up patterns on soil moisture, yield and water use efficiency of potato under maize straw strip mulching in the northwest rain-fed Region of China. Four treatments included heap of earth-up (M1), furrow of earth-up (M2), trench planting and earth-up of filling furrow (M3) and no earthing up (CK). The field experiment was carried out in 2015 and 2016 at Tongwei Modern Dryland Circular Farming Experiment Station, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, China (35°11’N, 105°19’E, altitude 1 760 m). The year of 2015 was normal precipitation year and the year of 2016 was dry year compared with multiyear average. The No.7 of Longshu was planted. The plots with 3 replicates were designed by random arrangement method. Irrigation was not carried out during the experiments. The dry weight of straw, plant height, potato yield and its components were determined. The evapotranspiration was calculated based on water balance equation. The water use efficiency was the ratio of yield to evapotranspiration. In addition, soil moisture in different soil layers during the growing stages of potato was measured. The results showed that M1, M2 and M3 significantly reduced potato yields in normal precipitation year by 15.32%, 23.83% and 17.44% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with CK. Yield difference of among M1, M2 and CK was not significant in dry year, but M3 was significantly lower than CK by 7.85%. The difference of water use efficiency among M1, M2 and M3 was not significant in dry year, but CK significantly improved water use efficiency in normal precipitation year by 20.10%, 24.89% and 17.07% (P<0.05), respectively, compared with M1, M2 and M3. Based on the correlation analysis, the potato yield was highly correlated with yield and weight per potato, straw dry weight, biomass with the correlation coefficient of 0.83, 0.83 and 0.71, respectively. Thus, the yield of potato was mainly determined by weight per potato, straw dry weight, biomass. Compared to CK, M1, M2, M3 decreased weight per potato, biomass, straw yield and commodity potato rate, but increased height of plant and potato number per plant. In the whole growth period, the average soil moisture in 0-200 cm soil layers of the treatment of M2 was the lowest in the dry year however there was not different among treatments in normal precipitation year. Compared with CK, M3 significantly increased soil moisture content in 0-60 cm soil layer at seedling stage and decreased soil moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer at tuber expansion stage. M2 significantly reduces the soil moisture content in 40-60 cm soil layer at tuber formation period. Maize straw strip mulching potato planting does not require earthing up under this experimental condition.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil moisture
Controlled terms:Biomass - Cultivation - Drought - Efficiency - Electric grounding - Evapotranspiration - Moisture determination - Plants (botany) - Rain - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Experimental conditions - Moisture preservation - Plastic film mulching - Potato - Water balance equation - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.53e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+01%, Percentage 2.38e+01%, Percentage 2.49e+01%, Percentage 7.85e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.76e+03m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20200708172475
Title:Furrow loose and ridge compaction plough layer structure optimizing root morphology of spring maize and improving its water use efficiency
Title of translation:耕层土壤虚实结构优化春玉米根系形态提高水分利用效率
Authors:Bai, Wei (1); Sun, Zhanxiang (1); Zhang, Lizhen (2); Zheng, Jiaming (1); Feng, Liangshan (1); Cai, Qian (1); Xiang, Wuyan (1); Feng, Chen (1); Zhang, Zhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Zhanxiang(sunzx67@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:88-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To design the construction of the plough layer can be an important approach to solve rainfed farmland problems. In order to investigate the effect of plough layer construction on water use efficiency (WUE) and root morphology of spring maize, four tillage construction modes, including up the loose and down compaction plough layer (ULDC, CK), the furrow loose and ridge compaction plough layer (FLRC), the all loose plough layer (AL) and the all compaction plough layer (AC), were selected to carried out the two years(year of 2015 and 2016)tests at the Fuxin Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment of China. The results showed that there was a significant influence on the grain yield of spring maize in these four plough layer constructions. In two years of 2015 and 2016, the maize grain yield under the treatment of FLRC was the highest (8 630.47±304.33 and 11 865.41±410.85 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively), the treatments of AC was 8 601.47±388.18 and 11 865.41 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively, and AL was 7 600.27±756.73 and 10 803.56±410.85 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively, whereas the yield under the treatments of CK was lowest (6 436.52±412.46 and 9 140.73±267.83 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively). The FLRC treatment raised the yield of spring maize by 18.19% to 34.86% from 2015 to 2016 compared with CK, it was mainly due to an increase in the number of grains per row. After the FLRC treatment, the spring maize biomass (P<0.05) was also enhanced with an the rising rate of 5.18% to 11.30% compared with CK from 2015 to 2016. There was great benefit to the water use of spring maize after the FLRC treatment, with an increment of 1.20% to 5.42% in water consumption, with an increment of 2.74% to 6.23% in biomass WUE and with an increment of 18.23% to 31.49% in yield WUE (P<0.05) compared with CK in 2015. In addition, these observed results varied between the dry year and wet year. The treatments of FLRC and AC were better suitable for the dry year, while the treatments of FLRC and AL were better suitable for the wet year. In the FLRC treatment, three factors, including the weight density of roots, the length density and the surface area density of roots, can result in the enhancement of the yield of the spring maize during the filling stage. The weight density root was dominated to promote the WUE of biological yield, the WUE of grain yield and the use efficiency of rainfall. The findings demonstrated that the furrow loose and ridge compaction plough layer (FLRC) can served as an efficient soil construction to improve WUE and the root morphology of the cropland, and provide insightful potentials into the dryland farming near the western Liaoning Province in the northeastern of China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Compaction - Efficiency - Morphology - Plants (botany) - Soils - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agro-environments - Experimental stations - Liaoning Province - Root morphology - Spring maize - Water consumption - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 913.1 Production Engineering - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+00% to 5.42e+00%, Percentage 1.82e+01% to 3.15e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01% to 3.49e+01%, Percentage 2.74e+00% to 6.23e+00%, Percentage 5.18e+00% to 1.13e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20200708172496
Title:Topographic survey of farmland based on GNSS dual antenna combined with AHRS
Title of translation:GNSS双天线结合AHRS测量农田地形
Authors:Jing, Yunpeng (1, 2); Liu, Gang (1, 2); Jin, Zhikun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Gang(pac@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:166-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The topographic survey becomes a necessary part of the farmland leveling works in modern precision agriculture. The collected topography data can be used to design a path for the farmland leveling, and further to provide technical support for the calculation of excavation and filling earthwork. However, there are some inevitable measurement errors that caused by the mechanical structure of the devices and/or the profile of the terrain fluctuation during the field operation. This present paper therefore proposed a novel topographic measurement method that combined the GNSS (globe navigation satellite system) dual antennas and AHRS (attitude and heading reference system) to reduce the collecting errors of the farmland topography data in the process of GNSS farmland leveling, and consequently to improve the measurement accuracy of three-dimensional farmland topography. The test platform was based on the GNSS land leveling system, where the GNSS antennas were used to provide the location information, whereas the AHRS was used to obtain the attitude angle and triaxial acceleration information of the land leveler. The calculating equations were established to parse the position of the GNSS double antenna on the land leveler. The error source was also important factor in the process of data acquisition, one of which was the pin-type semi-rigid connection between the tractor and land leveler for the difficult installation of damping device. A four-step error-handling method was proposed to reduce the impact of displacement error. First, to measure the vibration acceleration by AHRS and then to calculate the vibration acceleration of the land leveler in the X, Y and Z axes using the coordinate transformation. Second, to process the acceleration trend term by LSM (least squares method). Third, to calculate the vibration displacement by FFT (fast fourier transform) in the frequency domain, and then to be subtracted by the position information from the GNSS double antenna. Fourth, to dispose the displacements on the X, Y and Z axes by the FPT (five point three times) smoothing method, then to import the final data in the terrain mapping software and to obtain the three-dimensional topographic map of the farmland. This combined GNSS dual antennas/AHRS topographic measuring method has been applied to the GNSS land leveling system, where the functional execution software was programmed by MATLAB and C++. The tests of the cement road and farmland were also carried out under the tractor speed of 1.12 m/s. The results showed that the position information of the double antennas can be obtained in the dynamic environment. After the error processing, the fluctuation data of the positioning antenna can be reduced by 9.57%, and that of directional antenna can be reduced by 8.42%, which was suitable for the GNSS land leveling work. The farmland leveling test showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the vertical acceleration was 0.256 m/s², and that of the course angle, pitch angle and roll angle were 0.903°, 0.849° and 0.531°, respectively. This values proved that the AHRS can be extended to apply for the topographic survey of farmland. The accuracy of the farmland flatness measured by double antenna increased than that by single antenna topographic survey, ranking in the order of three different areas (35 m×50 m, 35 m×100 m and 35 m×200 m) by 14.286%, 14.063% and 10.084%, respectively, the accuracy of the maximum differential elevation error increased by 8.642%, 8.333% and 8.897%, respectively, and the accuracy of the elevation difference distribution increased by 1.536%, 3.357% and 2.991%, respectively. This finding demonstrated that the double antenna topographic survey system can provide much higher accuracy and more stable topographic information than that of the conventional single antenna field topographic survey method for the GNSS farmland leveling in the precision agriculture.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Satellite antennas
Controlled terms:Acceleration - C++ (programming language) - Data acquisition - Directive antennas - Errors - Excavation - Farms - Fast Fourier transforms - Frequency domain analysis - Global positioning system - Land use - Least squares approximations - Maps - MATLAB - Mean square error - Measurement - Precision agriculture - Surveys - Topography - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck)
Uncontrolled terms:Attitude and heading reference systems - Co-ordinate transformation - Dual antennas - Error processing - FFT (fast Fourier transform) - Navigation-satellite systems - Topographic measurements - Vibration displacements
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 2.56e-01m/s2, Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.41e+01%, Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.54e+00%, Percentage 2.99e+00%, Percentage 3.36e+00%, Percentage 8.33e+00%, Percentage 8.42e+00%, Percentage 8.64e+00%, Percentage 8.90e+00%, Percentage 9.57e+00%, Velocity 1.12e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20200708172605
Title:Rapid fertilization effect in soils after gully control and land reclamation in loess hilly and gully region of China
Title of translation:黄土丘陵沟壑区治沟造地土壤快速培肥效应
Authors:Fu, Wei (1, 2); Yong, Chenxu (1, 3); Ma, Donghao (4); Fan, Jun (1, 2); Zhang, Jiabao (4); Wei, Hong'an (5); Feng, Xiaolong (5); Wei, Runzhe (5); Liu, Xiaofei (6); Wang, Guangdong (6); Tan, Jun (7)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) CPC Baishui County Committee Office, Weinan; 715600, China; (4) Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China; (5) Land Remediation Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an; 710075, China; (6) Ditch-making Land Leading Group Office, Yan'an; 716000, China; (7) Beijing Zhong Xiang Li Feng Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100024, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jiabao(jbzhang@issas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:252-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land degradation is being widely recognized as a serious challenge in arid and semiarid environments worldwide and limited rapid development of agriculture. Although land reclamation and the newly-construction cultivated land have increased the area and agricultural mechanization of cultivated land, while its land fertility is low and poor physical structure and hydraulic conditions, which cannot meet the good quality and high yields of crops. Therefore, quickly and effectively fertilizing soil plays a vital role in the rapid development of agriculture in the region. However, the traditional soil fertilization systems and the technology of construction high-quality tillage layer are slow and the results are unremarkable. So, this study was conducted to investigate the potential for using additional organic amendments (woody peat, biochar, straw, etc.) to improve soil organic matter and nutrients, soil fertility, and plant growth in the newly-construction cultivated land on the loess plateau, China. The newly-construction cultivated lands are dammed land and terrace which from gully control and land reclamation project on the loess hilly and gully area, which is located in Kangping Village (36°44’N, 109°35’ E), Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. The dam land has been selected study site. Field located experiments and laboratory analyses were combined. Three modes have been set in the experiment from 2016 to 2018: i) Recommended mode, ii) New mode, iii) Control mode. And the experiment was consisted of six treatments: woody peat (37.5 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) + bio-activator+ decomposed straw (A1), woody peat (37.5 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) + decomposed straw (A2); woody peat (15 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) + decomposed straw (B1), biochar (15 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) + decomposed straw (B2); decomposed straw (C1), control (C2). The results showed that: 1) Applying additional organic amendments (especially the woody peat) had great rapid effect on soil organic matter and readily oxidized carbon. Among them, when the wood peat was applied at 37.5 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, it undergoes a maize growth period. Compared with control (C2), the soil organic matter and readily oxidizable carbon of the tillage layer(0~15 cm)increased by 1.33 and 3.15 times, respectively. However, the organic matter could be quickly decomposed and consumption in the first year and second year during the maize growing period, especially adding the application of biological excitation regulators. In the third year, organic matter could be improved and protected. 2) For three consecutive years from 2016 to 2018, woody peat combined with bio-activator could increase corn grain yield, with the highest yield of maize grain yield in 2016 and 2017, 12 169 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 14 396 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. And the maize grain yield was 15 983 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> in third year. Compared with the control for three consecutive years, the maize grain yield increased by 17.5%, 28.6% and 1.0%, respectively. 3) Biochar application could also increase the nutrient content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total potassium, and available phosphorus, but the content of readily oxidized carbon was significantly reduced, and the impacts on increasing grain yield of maize were lower than woody peat. In conclusion, additional woody peat can serve as a valuable amendment for the newly-constructed cultivated land in the loess plateau and other places of Northwest China by increasing soil organic and readily oxidizable carbon, improving soil fertility and promoting higher crop yields. Therefore, wood peat + bio-activator + decomposed straw + fertilizer is the best model for rapid construction of high-quality tillage layer in loess area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Soil quality
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Biogeochemistry - Carbon - Construction - Crops - Cultivation - Fertilizers - Grain (agricultural product) - Heavy metals - Land reclamation - Land use - Landforms - Machinery - Nutrients - Organic compounds - Peat - Reclamation - Sediments - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Available phosphorus - Hydraulic conditions - Laboratory analysis - Loess Plateau - Maize growth periods - Semi-arid environments - Soil organic matters
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 406 Highway Engineering - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 2.86e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20200708172519
Title:Method for monitoring change in Benggang erosion based on oblique aerial images of UAV
Title of translation:无人机倾斜航空摄影监测崩岗侵蚀量变化的方法
Authors:Zhou, Xiaoquan (1, 2); Yu, Hongliang (1, 2); Wei, Yujie (1, 2); Hu, Jie (3); Cai, Chongfa (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River of Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) PowerChina Hubei Electric Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan; 430040, China
Corresponding author:Cai, Chongfa(cfcai@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:51-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Benggang erosion is one of the most serious ecological and environemental problems in southern China. Accurate monitoring of the dynamic development and quantification of the erosion amount are big challenges in the study of Benggang erosion mechanism, due to the complexity of landform and topography of Benggang erosional areas. The process of Benggang erosion is dominated by collapse, making the difficuities in eorison estimation by raditional monitoring method or by the high-altitude aerial photography, especially for the calculation of the collapse of the steep wall.Three-dimensional laser scanning, as an optical measurement in erosion estimation for its high accuracy, is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and is less applicable for monitoring in the field conditions due to the heavy weight of the instrument. Obviously, a more concise and accurate method is needed in the study of Benggang erosion mechanism. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique aerial photography technology with high-resolution images is an alternative approach for the generation of point cloud data and extraction of different Benggang terrain parameters by point cloud information, imporving the limitions of traditional measurement. In this paper, a representative Benggang was selected according to its landform specifications and flight operating conditions which is located in Tongcheng County, Hubei Province. A multi-rotor UAV (DJ Phantom 4 Pro.) equipped with 20 million pixel CMOS image sensors was used as data acquisition platform in the estimation of Benggang erosion. The multi-angle oblique aerial images of the Benggang were obtained by using the UAV in the manner of spiral flying. In this operation, the flight status of the UAV and the status of camera haeundae were controlled by the main remote controllor and the auxiliary remote controller, respectively. Point data of different seasonal periods of Benggang development were collectd by five flights of the UAV from June to September in 2018, and three-dimensional laser scanner was simultaneously operated for the valiadation of UAV. The collapse amount of Benggang erosion is calculated according to the following three steps:1) constructing DTM of the target Benggang by generating the three-dimensional point cloud model through emptying three encryption processing, and extracting target collapse terrain data; 2) collecting the elevation change of collapse during the monitoring cycles by multi-time continuous DEM subtraction method, calculating the erosion amount and identifying the most severely eroded site by the combination of lowest level method (LOD<inf>min</inf>)anddifference of DEMs (DOD) uncertainty threshold; 3) Refining the erosion amount of the most severly eroded wall and gully head by 2.5D volume calculation method, and the total erosion / deposition volume which could be converted into mud and sediment volume during the monitoring period. The results showed that: In comparsion with three-dimensional laser scanner, the relative error of the proposed method was 9.69% in average, and the maximum absolute error was only 0.3033 m<sup>3</sup> in one month's monitoring cycle. The results satisfied the monitoring requirements. Therefore, UAV tilt aerial photogrammetry is effective and efficient in monitoring the collapse amount of Benggang. The source and process of erosion sediment can be identified with all the topographic information of Benggang extracted by the proposed method.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Aerial photography - Antennas - Cryptography - Data acquisition - Data mining - Landforms - Laser applications - Monitoring - Optical data processing - Photogrammetry - Photographic equipment - Pixels - Refining - Remote control - Scanning - Temperature control - Topography - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:2.5D volume - Collapse - High resolution image - Maximum absolute error - Point cloud data - Three-dimensional laser scanners - Three-dimensional point clouds - Topographic information
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 742.1 Photography - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 744.9 Laser Applications - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.69e+00%, Volume 3.03e-01m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20200708172430
Title:Adsorption mechanics and disintegration characteristics of modified cellulose polymer sand fixing agent
Title of translation:改性纤维素类聚合物固沙剂的吸附力学及崩解特性试验
Authors:Yuan, Jinke (1); Pei, Xiangjun (1); Ye, Changwen (1); Yang, Qingwen (1); Chen, Jie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Changwen(yechwen123@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:144-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water can cause unstable conditions in sand slopes, such as surface erosion, soil erosion, and slope collapse, and other serious damages. In this paper, a modified cellulose polymer GCMC(gelatinous carboxymethyl cellulose) sand-fixing agent was developed to show a strong dialysis cementation and absorption characteristics on the surface of soil and rocks. 1) An adsorption test was carried out to investigate the behavior of adsorption mechanics and erosion resistance on the sandy fixation by the modified GCMC sand-fixing agent. The "reinforcing soils" were prepared using various liquid-solid mass ratio (1:1-1:4), and then verified under seven adsorbing duration (10-360 min) and the centrifugal oscillation at 2 400 r/min speed for 10 min, finally measuring and drying the adsorption liquid. The results showed that the optimal adsorption amount was achieved when the liquid-solid mass ratio was 1:3, while the adsorption amount was about 84 mg/g at the equilibrium time using the modified GCMC sand-fixing agent. The fitting adsorption kinetics model for the GCMC sand-fixing agent sorption onto sand particles followed the presudo second-order law, while the adsorption mechanical behavior belong to a sort of chemical adsorption. 2) A water stability test was performed on an independently developed disintegration device under the various curing time (3-28 d) of the "reinforced soil", and the hydrolysis time of 24 h. This results showed that the disintegration rate of the specimen was 34% at the curing age of 3 d, the disintegration rate was 18% at curing age of 7 d, the disintegration rate was 11% at the curing age of 14 d, and without disintegrating at the curing age of 28 d. It inferred that the longer the curing time of the specimen, the higher the cementing strength of the "reinforced soil", i.e. the better stability. Furthermore, the particle size of the water stable aggregates was mainly concentrated in the range of 1-5 mm, and the volume fraction of the particle size greater than 5 mm was up to 30%. In the water stable aggregates, the volume fraction of the particle size at 1-0.25 mm decreased from 21% at the curing age of 3 d to 19% at the curing age of 14 d, while the volume fraction of the particle size greater than 1 mm increased from 74% at the curing age of 3 d to 80% at the curing age of 14 d. With the increase of the curing age, the mean weight diameter of water stable aggregates increased from 2.91 mm at the curing age of 3 d to 3.29 mm at the curing age of 14 d, and the geometric mean diameter increased from 2.01 mm at the curing age of 3 d to 2.32 mm at the curing age of 14 d. These findings can provide the promising applied data and fundamentals of the modified cellulose polymer sand-fixing agent for the soil and water conservation in sandy soil areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Curing
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Aggregates - Cellulose - Cementing (shafts) - Disintegration - Erosion - Liquids - Particle size - Reinforcement - Sand - Sand consolidation - Soil conservation - Soils - Volume fraction - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Absorption characteristics - Carboxy-methyl cellulose - Disintegration characteristics - Geometric mean diameters - Mean weight diameter - Sand-fixing agents - Soil and water conservation - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.40e+03RPM, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.00e-03m to 2.50e-04m, Size 1.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 2.01e-03m, Size 2.32e-03m, Size 2.91e-03m, Size 3.29e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m, Time 6.00e+02s to 2.16e+04s, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20200708172546
Title:Effects of root-zone water deficit on yield, quality and water use efficiency of young apple trees under surge-root irrigation
Title of translation:根域水分亏缺对涌泉灌苹果幼树产量品质和节水的影响
Authors:Zhong, Yun (1); Fei, Liangjun (1); Zeng, Jian (2); Fu, Yuliang (3); Dai, Zhiguang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen; 518022, China; (3) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (4) College of Water conservancy and Ecological Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang; 330099, China
Corresponding author:Fei, Liangjun(feiliangjun2008@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:78-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to effectively improve the water-use efficiency of apple trees and rationally allocate irrigation water, this study selected the mountainous apple trees located in the loess plateau of northern Shanxi province (37° 27’ N, 110° 2’ E, altitude: 1 020 m) as the research object, and studied the effects of water deficit on the growth, fruit quality, yield and water use efficiency of apple trees under surge-root irrigation (SRI) through 3-year field experiments from 2016 to 2018. Light (L), moderate (M) and severe (S) water deficits were carried out at the germination stage (I), 2 levels of L and M were designed at fruit-bearing stage (II) and fruit-filling stage (III) respectively, full irrigation (FI) and non-irrigation (NI) were designed as the control during the whole growth period, with a total of 9 treatments. The results showed that the evapotranspiration of various stages on apple trees were in the following descending order: stage III, stage II, stage I and fruit maturity stage (IV). Evapotranspiration in stage III accounted for 59% to 71% of the total in the whole growth period, which was much higher than that in the other 3 growth stages. Compared with FI, the water-saving effect was significant (P<0.05), and the growth of new apple shoots was inhibited to some extent. The treatment with a large degree of moisture deficit reduction had larger effect of over-compensation after sufficient irrigation in the next stage. Compared with FI, water deficit treatment during the different growth stages had significant effects on the fruit quality, fruit yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of the apple trees. The effects of water deficit on fruit water content, soluble solid content and soluble reducing sugar content in the I stage were not significant (P>0.05). Water deficit in the III stage increased fruit firmness, reduced single fruit weight, excellent fruit percentage and fruit water content, so the III stage was not suitable stage to start water deficit treatment. Water deficit in the II stage of apple trees slightly increased fruit firmness, fruit water content decreased slightly, and single fruit weight, excellent fruit percentage, soluble solid content, and soluble reducing sugar content of apples were significantly increased, which made apples sweeter and easier to store. Water deficit in the I stage of apple trees had no significant effect on apple yield (P>0.05). However, water deficit was significantly reduced yield in the III stage of apple trees (P<0.05). In 2016, the yield of apple trees by III-L and III-M treatments decreased by 10.89% and 13.46% respectively compared with FI and decreased by 3.66% and 10.10% in 2017, respectively, decreased by 10.58% and 13.42% in 2018. The yield of apples with water deficit during the II stage was significantly higher than that of FI (P<0.05). The WUE of the apple trees was higher with II-L and II-M treatments (greater than 7 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) than with the other treatments. The fruit quality, yield and water-use efficiency of apples with the II-M treatment were higher among all the treatments. Therefore, the optimal treatment of water deficit should be II-M. The study could provide technical support for apple water management and precision irrigation in mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Forestry - Image quality - Irrigation - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Water conservation - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Apple trees - Regulated deficit irrigation - Surge root irrigations - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+00yr, Mass_Density 7.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.01e+01%, Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 1.35e+01%, Percentage 3.66e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+01% to 7.10e+01%, Size 1.02e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20200708172611
Title:Fuzzy PID control for lateral pose adjustment of tractor rear suspension
Title of translation:拖拉机后悬挂横向位姿调整的模糊PID控制
Authors:Shao, Mingxi (1, 2); Xin, Zhe (1); Jiang, Qiubo (1); Zhang, Yan'an (1); Du, Yuefeng (1); Yang, Houfu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang; 262700, China
Corresponding author:Xin, Zhe(xinzhe@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:34-42
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the tractor suspension, previous research mainly focuses on the leveling or attitude adjustment in the single hydraulic cylinder or rotary cultivator. In order to design a kind of double hydraulic cylinder for the hydraulic adjusting system, this paper proposed the three point of hitch system for the medium horsepower hills mountain tractor using the fuzzy PID control algorithm of adaptive angle, while the simulation analysis and bench tests were conducted to design the horizontal posture adjusting hydraulic system. A bilateral three-point suspension adaptive structure of hydraulic cylinder was developed to improve efficiency of the conventional three-point tractor suspension, for better adapting to the hilly mountain complex operation requirements. Firstly, in a kinematics analysis on the lifting arm, lifting rod, agricultural tools tripod and other components, MATLAB software was used to simulate the displacement and the inclination angle of the hydraulic cylinder, when the transverse inclination angle was [-15°, 15°]. Due to the interference and freedom limitation of three-point suspension of the lifting rod, the relationship between the displacement and angle of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod can only be linear model within ±15°. In the process of the lifting tilt, the asymmetry of the hydraulic cylinder can lead to the deviation of the center of farming tools and the change of the ploughing depth, so the ploughing depth should be compensated. Secondly, the hydraulic system of lateral pose adjustment mechanism of the quantitative pump was designed to establish the mathematical model of the hydraulic system based on state space. The hydraulic system of horizontal attitude adjusting system was simulated in Simulink under the control of the fuzzy adaptive setting PID method, where the input signal to voltage signal, a given voltage within 0-12 V, the angle of 10 ° and 15 °, the stroke of hydraulic cylinder of 100 mm, the step time of 2 s, the simulation time for 5 s. Finally, the simulated results after the tractor suspension horizontal posture adjustment were compared with the experimental data based on five character TS404-h tractor suspension system control experimental platform, with the maximum error of 1%, the average error of 0.7%, where the adjustment time of simulation system was less than 0.2 s, the adjustment of the test time was about 1s, the overshoot of experiment and simulation was 0, the stable time was around 0.1 s. Due to the instability and measurement error of the three-point rear suspension mechanism, the collected data from the test showed the serious oscillating at the initial stage, which can be caused by the interference of the three-point suspension hinged components, but the overall trend was consistent with the simulation results. The findings showed that the rear suspension mechanism can be quickly adjusted to the set angle within the predetermined target (within the range of ±2°-±15°), which can meet the requirements of transverse angle adjustment for mountain and hill operations.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Adaptive control systems - Agricultural implements - Automobile testing - Cylinders (shapes) - Electric arc welding - Errors - Fuzzy control - Hydraulic tools - Landforms - MATLAB - Mechanical actuators - Oscillating cylinders - Proportional control systems - Simulation platform - Three term control systems - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Adjustment mechanisms - Electro-hydraulic proportional valves - Experimental platform - Fuzzy - pid controls - Hydraulic cylinders - Pose - Rear suspension - Rear suspension mechanism
Classification code:481.1 Geology - 538.2.1 Welding Processes - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 605.1 Small Tools, Powered - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Time 1.00e+00s, Time 1.00e-01s, Time 2.00e+00s, Time 2.00e-01s, Time 5.00e+00s, Voltage 0.00e+00V to 1.20e+01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20200708172448
Title:Effects of contour trenches engineering measures on soil moisture dynamics and balance of typical steppe in Loess Hilly Region
Title of translation:水平沟整地措施对黄土丘陵区草原土壤水分动态平衡的影响
Authors:Su, Tingting (1); Han, Bingfang (2); Ma, Hongbin (1); Ma, Fei (1); Zhao, Fei (1); Zhou, Yao (1); Jia, Xiyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) College of Civil and Water Conservancy Engineering, Ningxia University, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Dry Areas, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Han, Bingfang(hanbf@nxu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:125-134
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To clarify the effects of contour trenches engineering measures on soil water balance and redistribution, we took enclosed grassland as CK and assisting with artificial rainfall simulation, dynamic processes of soil water, soil moisture balance and the factors affecting the soil moisture balance in 0-100 cm soil layers of the contour trenches had been studied in typical grassland slopes of Loess Hilly Region in Ningxia. The results represented that: 1) the soil moisture dynamic in contour trenches and enclosed grassland changed seasonally with rainfall. During the period from March to December, the soil moisture of measurements showed a similar figures within 0-60 cm (P>0.05), while the figure of contour trenches was higher in 60-100 cm (P<0.05). The coefficient of variation of soil water decreased with the deepening of soil layer correspondingly, and the moisture content of contour trenches in 0-100 cm soil layer is generally higher than that of enclosed grassland. 2) Contour trenches could retain slope runoff and change soil water balance. Most of the time, soil water storage showed a negative change in contour trenches and enclosed grasslands, and during the experiment, the change of soil water was -32.53 mm and -31.20 mm respectively. Compared with enclosed grasslands, the contour trenches were greater propensity to form water deficit in the case of the little rainfall and small runoff. When the runoff was large (from July to September), water surplus in contour trenches was higher than that in enclosed grasslands, so that water increment in contour trenches was 20.68 mm higher than those in enclosed grasslands. 3) The contour trenches could supply more and deeper water supply to the soil than the enclosed grassland after intercepting slope runoff. When the runoff was 10.49 mm, the infiltration water of the enclosed grassland was 8.49% of the contour trenches; when it was more obvious with a larger runoff, and the increased moisture in the contour trenches can be reached 86.90 mm, while the infiltration moisture in the enclosed grassland after rain was only 27.13 mm. But water loss of the contour trenches was higher than those of the enclosed grassland, partly because the lateral infiltration aggravated the water loss of the contour trenches. The 0-2 hours after rain was the most intense period of soil water loss. With the passage of time, compared with contour trenches, soil moisture content in enclosed grasslands approaches the soil moisture content before rain earlier. Lack of precipitation on the Loess Plateau, Intense evapotranspiration was a major cause of soil water deficit in the enclosed grasslands and contour trenches. Finally, according to the research paper, it is necessary for us to comprehensively consider the factors such as rainfall, slope, vertical spacing and cost to set up the contour trenches in the typical steppe of the Loess Hilly Region in Ningxia.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Evapotranspiration - Moisture - Moisture determination - Plants (botany) - Rain - Runoff - Sediments - Soil moisture - Soils - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial rainfall simulations - Coefficient of variation - Engineering measures - Loess hilly regions - Soil moisture dynamics - Soil water deficit - Typical grassland - Water movements
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.49e+00%, Size -3.12e-02m, Size -3.25e-02m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 1.05e-02m, Size 2.07e-02m, Size 2.71e-02m, Size 8.69e-02m, Time 0.00e+00s to 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20200708172616
Title:Design and experiment of electro-hydraulic profiling system with consistent pressure for drilling depth of furrow opener
Title of translation:开沟深度定压电液仿形控制系统设计与试验
Authors:Liang, Fang (1, 2); Lei, Qi'ao (1); Zheng, Siyuan (1); Wang, Peng (1, 2); Guo, Zhou (1); Liu, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The consistency of sowing depth is one of the most important indicators for the seeder. It will not only affect the germination rate of seeds, but also cause inconsistency in plant height which will reduce the quality of the following mechanized such as plant protection and harvesting. Spring profiling is a passive profiling method that has been widely used in ditching depth control at present, but the ditching depth cannot be consistent, because the pressure on the furrow opener is changed with the spring deformation. Using an active profiling method, a consistent pressure control system for the furrow opener was designed, which was composed of the parallel four-bar mechanical system, the hydraulic system and electronic control system. Based on the programmable logic controller, the system controlled the output pressure of the electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve according to the deviation between the setting pressure and the value detected by the pressure sensor on the furrow opener, making the output pressure of the cylinder and the vertical earth pressure of opener consistent. The parameters of the control system was determined, including the hydraulic circuit of the system, parameters of hydraulic components, types and parameters of control components, hardware connection and software program. To judge the stability and analysis the unit response of the system by using MATLAB, the closed-loop transfer functions of the system was established based on building the transfer function of each link, such as the electro-hydraulic proportional reducing valve, hydraulic cylinder and parallel four-bar mechanism and so on. The simulation results showed that the system was stable, and the static overshoot was 5.02%, the response time was 0.25 s, and the steady-state error was 0.79%. According to the simulation results, the system was debugged and tested using another hydraulic cylinder to simulate the grand surface fluctuation. When the vertical earth pressure of the opener was set at 20 to 200 N, the profiling depth was set at 10 to 80 mm, the experiment results showed that the average response time of the system was about 0.27-0.36 s and the steady-state error was 1.4-1.8 N with the maximum 2.7 N, and the average standard deviation was 0.78%-6.94%, the output pressure was consistent. It also concluded that the response time decreased with the increasing of the profiling depth and the earth pressure, while the steady-state error were not effect by the above two factors, and the average standard deviation decreased with the increase of the earth pressure, so the greater earth pressure was beneficial for higher accuracy of the system. Compared with the simulated results which the response time was 0.25 s and the steady error was 0.79%, the average response time of the experiment was 4%-44% higher and difference between the minimum standard deviation of the experiment and the steady error was 0.01%, verifying the reliability and accuracy of the system model built. The research reduced the response time and the steady error of the electro-hydraulic profiling system based on the pressure sensor, providing the reference for the parameter setting and theoretical analysis of electro-hydraulic profiling control system.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Response time (computer systems)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Control systems - Cylinders (shapes) - Depth profiling - Design - Errors - Experiments - Hydraulic equipment - Machine design - MATLAB - Mechanical actuators - Mechanisms - Pressure control - Pressure distribution - Pressure sensors - Program debugging - Retaining walls - Seed - Statistics - Transfer functions
Uncontrolled terms:Closed loop transfer function - Ditching depth - Electronic control systems - Hydraulic components - Parallel four-bar mechanisms - Profiling - Steady state errors - Surface fluctuations
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.3 Mechanisms - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 723.1 Computer Programming - 731.1 Control Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.40e+00N to 1.80e+00N, Force 2.00e+01N to 2.00e+02N, Force 2.70e+00N, Percentage 1.00e-02%, Percentage 4.00e+00% to 4.40e+01%, Percentage 5.02e+00%, Percentage 7.80e-01% to 6.94e+00%, Percentage 7.90e-01%, Size 1.00e-02m to 8.00e-02m, Time 2.50e-01s, Time 2.70e-01s to 3.60e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20200708172552
Title:Yield and physicochemical properties of pyrolysis char of biomass briquetting pellets
Title of translation:生物质成型燃料热解半焦产率及理化特性
Authors:Tu, Deyu (1, 2); Pan, Qingmin (1); Zhang, Chuanjia (3); Chen, Wen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan; 243032, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China; (3) Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei; 230031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:229-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass energy is considered as a new energy which can be applied in many fields by the energy utilization technological means. The characteristics of pyrolysis char obtained through pyrolysis of 4 kinds of biomass briquette (Poplar sawdust, pine sawdust, pine needles, mixture of poplar sawdust and peanut shell) were analyzed by industrial analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the composition variation of char and the evolution of pore structure with different heating rates and different temperatures. Before the experiment, the universal test machine was used to push the pressure bar to compress the materials to a certain molding pressure for a period of time, and the cylinder molding fuel was obtained after the mold was released. The pyrolysis test of the biomass forming fuel was carried out in a fixed bed reactor, and the test apparatus included an electric heating furnace, a quartz tube reactor, a condensing device and a flow meter. The biomass molding fuel was previously placed in the reactor and N<inf>2</inf> was passed through before it was warmed. The solid product of the biomass forming fuel during the pyrolysis process was the remainder after the pyrolysis reaction, ie, the pyrolysis char. Proximate analysis (ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content) of pyrolysis char of biomass molding fuel prepared under different pyrolysis conditions was carried out. SEM was a direct observation method for microscopic morphology research. Direct microscopic imaging was peformed by the material morphology of the surface material of the samples. The results of proximate analysis showed that the fixed carbon content of the char decreased and the ash content of the char gradually increased when the heating rate increased. The higher the ash content of biomass raw material, the higher the carbon content of char produced by pyrolysis was. The types of biomass briquette also had a great influence on the pyrolysis fixed carbon content. The results showed that the fixed carbon content of the pyrolysis char of poplar sawdust was 70.94%. The study found that the pyrolysis char surface morphology of different types of biomass forming fuels was quite different. The SEM images showed that the surface structure of char was more complex with the increase of the temperature. In addition, it was observed that the pore structure of char began to form and enrich during 573-673℃, meanwhile, the surface area of char increased rapidly. There was a wide range of molten structures on the surface pores at the later stage of the reaction. The SEM images also showed that the higher heating rate led to a stronger pyrolysis reaction and a more obvious pore structure evolution. Mixture of poplar sawdust and peanut shell and pine needles had more regular pore structure during pyrolysis; pine needle shaped fuel was always in a tighter special char surface morphology during the pyrolysis process, and the micropore volume was relatively small.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Biomass - Briquets - Briquetting - Carbon - Chemical reactors - Energy utilization - Fuels - Heating - Heating rate - Mixtures - Molding - Morphology - Needles - Oilseeds - Physicochemical properties - Pore structure - Scanning electron microscopy - Surface morphology
Uncontrolled terms:Char - Composition variation - Direct observations - Industrial Analysis - Microscopic imaging - Microscopic morphology - Quartz tube reactors - Structure evolution
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.09e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20200708172477
Title:Operating characteristics of energy storage ground source heat pump cooling system in plant factory in summer
Title of translation:地源热泵水蓄能型植物工厂降温系统夏季运行特性
Authors:Shi, Huixian (1); Tian, Qinyu (1); Meng, Xiangzhen (1); Ren, Yike (1); Ouyang, Sanchuan (1); Zhang, Zhonghua (1); An, Wenting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:202-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The ground source heat pump system uses a rock-soil body, groundwater or surface water as a low-temperature heat source, and is composed of a water-source heat pump unit, a geothermal energy exchange system, and an indoor heating system. According to the different forms of geothermal energy exchange system, the ground source heat pump system is divided into a ground source heat pump system, a groundwater source heat pump system and a surface water source heat pump system. Aiming at the problem of plant growth difficulties caused by high temperature in summer of plant factories and high operating cost of electric air conditioning cooling, a large natural light factory in Chongming, Shanghai was treated as an example to study the summer cooling energy-saving operation characteristics of groundwater ground source heat pump system. Plant factory water storage type groundwater source heat pump type cooling system includes groundwater heat exchange system, heat pump unit, air treatment unit and energy storage system. The energy supply equipment mainly uses groundwater source heat pumps and energy storage tanks. The period with the highest solar radiation intensity in summer is selected as the typical week. The greenhouse temperature data acquisition system records the temperature and humidity changes in the greenhouse, the operation of the heat pump system, the cold-water filling rate of the cold storage tank and the operation of the cold water well to analyze the cooling performance of the system. From the perspective of energy saving, for the current time-of-use electricity pricing strategy generally implemented in Shanghai, intermittent operation is used throughout the day to reduce the input of electric energy, and use more clean energy such as geothermal energy, due to the two independent cold water wells, the cold source in the two wells will not have direct heat exchange, the groundwater resources are abundant, and the performance of cooling is stable and efficient. The typical day of the typical week is selected to analyze the operating cost of the cooling system. The analysis of energy saving effect of the groundwater source heat pump system was based on the difference of performance between the air source heat pump cooling system and the direct-fired lithium bromide hot water unit.The results show that the ground source heat pump water storage type cooling system adopts intermittent operation mode based on Shanghai's time-sharing electricity price policy, and mainly uses cold water well direct supply mode in summer. The ground source heat pump is turned on during the low-price period of the electricity comsumption, and the cold water tank is stored for cold storage for the daytime cooling. The system was analyzed by selecting the extreme high temperature typical week. The average COP of the ground source heat pump was 4.53, and the COP of the entire energy supply system was 3.80. On the typical day, the water storage type ground source heat pump system can save 16.98% compared with the ground source heat pump system without using the energy storage device. Compared with the air source heat pump and the direct combustion lithium bromide absorption water cooling unit, energy saving rate can reach 31.6% and 79.1%. Practice has shown that the groundwater source heat pump water storage type cooling system has stable performance, energy saving and environmental protection, and has certain practical value.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air source heat pumps
Controlled terms:Absorption cooling - Air conditioning - Cold storage - Cooling systems - Data acquisition - Digital storage - Electric energy storage - Energy conservation - Geothermal energy - Geothermal heat pumps - Geothermal water resources - Greenhouses - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Lithium bromide - Operating costs - Plant life extension - Power quality - Pumps - Surface waters - Temperature - Thermal energy - Thermoelectric equipment - Water absorption - Water tanks - Water wells
Uncontrolled terms:Energy saving and environmental protection - Groundwater source heat pump - Low temperature heat sources - Operating characteristics - Plant factory - Solar radiation intensity - Temperature and humidities - Water storage
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 615.1 Geothermal Energy - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 618.2 Pumps - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.3 Air Conditioning - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 706.1.2 Electric Power Distribution - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 911.1 Cost Accounting
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+01%, Percentage 7.91e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20200708172525
Title:Calculation and validation of minimum thermal resistance of dairy barns in the Northeastern China
Title of translation:东北地区奶牛舍围护结构的低限热阻计算与验证
Authors:Lu, Yujian (1, 2); Zhang, Lu (1, 2); Wang, Chaoyuan (1, 2, 3); Ji, Boyu (1, 2); Rao, Guanghui (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (1, 2, 3); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Chaoyuan(gotowchy@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:216-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northeastern China (NC), including Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Jilin provinces, is a dominating area of milk production in China, where is characterized by extremely cold winter under the continental climate. There is a great influence of the walls/roofs thermal resistance on the heat preservation and temperature stability of the dairy barns in this area. However, it is currently lacking of relevant technical references and standards on the thermal resistance for the design of dairy barns. To maintain the indoor temperature at a relatively high level, lots of dairies in this area seldom open the windows and/or openings for the proper ventilation in cold winter, particularly at night, leading to the high relative humidity (RH) and high concentrations of the contaminated gas inside the barns. Consequently, it can hurt the health of the cows, and result in the reduction of milk yield. The purpose of this paper was to determine the recommended minimum thermal resistance (RMTR) of the walls and roofs for dairy barns in NC area using the thermal design method of civil buildings. To verify the calculations of the RMTR values, a field experiment on heifer barn was also conducted during January 25-28, 2016 in Baoqing countryside, Heilongjiang province. Management suggestions on the proper ventilation rates for the surveyed dairy barn were given based on the heat balance model, including sensible heat production, heat loss from ventilation and insulation. The results showed that in the case of the ideal indoor temperature (10℃) and RH (80%), the calculated RMTR of the dairy barns from the southernmost (the city of Dalian) to the northernmost (the city of Mohe) in NC, were in the range of 0.47 to 1.54 m<sup>2</sup>•℃/Wfor the walls, and 0.63 to 1.97 m<sup>2</sup>•℃/W for the roofs. These values were comparableto that the required thermal resistance for dairy barns in cold area (<-6.7℃) in Japan, whereas smaller than the general thermal resistance recommended for agricultural structure (including the dairy housing) design in cold area (<-10℃) in US. The designed thermal resistances of the gable/side walls in the barns were about 50.9% and 51.9% of the local RMTR, leading to much condensation and erosion at the internal surface of the walls and thus lowering the inner surface temperature. Furthermore, the actual ventilation rate of the surveyed barns that determined using carbon dioxide (CO<inf>2</inf>) balance method, was approximately 0.09 m<sup>3</sup>/(h•kg), much less than the recommended ventilation (0.17 m<sup>3</sup>/(h•kg)) for dairy barns in winter in this area. The measuring results showed that the indoor RH of 99.1%, the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration of 10 538 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and the NH<inf>3</inf> concentrations of 24.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>, were all beyond the thresholds of a healthy environment for the dairy production. In this surveyed dairy barn, a ventilation rate of 0.14-0.15 m<sup>3</sup>/h per kg body weight of the cow was recommended to keep the indoor RH of approximately 80% and the temperature above 0℃. Therefore, the roof vents and chimney fans can be chosen for the improvement of the daytime ventilation, while the proper ventilation should be increased at nighttime, both of which can meet the requirement for the better environmental condition. In the newly-built dairy barns, the thermal resistance should be higher than the RMTR. This study on the RMTR value provides the fundamentals and examples for the construction and refurbishment of dairy barns, and the management of the winter ventilation, as well the improvement of the indoor micro-environment, for the dairy production in cold winter in Northeastern China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Dairies
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Architectural design - Carbon dioxide - Environmental management - Farm buildings - Heat resistance - Roofs - Space heating - Specific heat - Structural design - Surveys - Temperature - Ventilation - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Animal buildings - Building envelopes - Environmental conditions - Environmental control - General thermal resistances - Heat balance - High relative humidities - Thermal design methods
Classification code:402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.1 Space Heating - 643.5 Ventilation - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.05e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.45e-05kg/m3, Percentage 5.09e+01%, Percentage 5.19e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.91e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20200708172312
Title:Effect of cultivation in upstream catchment on gully headcut erosion process in dry-hot valley
Title of translation:集水区耕作对干热河谷冲沟沟头溯源侵蚀过程的影响
Authors:Yang, Hongkun (1, 2); Su, Zheng'an (1); Zhu, Dapeng (3); He, Zhouyao (1, 4); Zhou, Tao (1, 5); Xiong, Donghong (1); Fang, Haidong (6); Shi, Liangtao (6)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu; 610059, China; (3) School of Science and Technology; Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu; 610500, China; (4) Forestry College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu; 611130, China; (5) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (6) Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou; 651300, China
Corresponding author:Su, Zheng'an(suzhengan@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:151-157
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The development of gully erosion has seriously threatened the local ecological environment and social and economic development in dry-hot valley region of Jinsha River. In order to explore the influence of catchment cultivation on the headstream erosion process in the dry-hot valley, an active gully head was selected to construct four in-situ experimental plots, which is located in the Gully Erosion and Collapse Experimental Station in Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley. Along the vertical section from the gully catchment area to the gully bed, the gully was divided into 4 test plots, each of which was divided into three parts: the gully catchment area, the gully wall and the gully bed. A series of in-situ scouring experiments were carried out. The flow rates were set at 30, 60, 90 and 120 L/min based on local rainfall intensity. The runoff and erosion characteristics of different parts of gully head under bare land and cultivated land in the upstream catchment area were researched. For the bare land in the upstream catchment area, it was considered as bare land gully. For the cultivated land in the upstream catchment area, it was considered as cultivated land gully. The results showed that: The soil erosion rate of upstream catchment area of cultivated land was higher than that of bare land, while no significant difference in soil erosion rate could be found at gully wall between bare land gully and cultivated land gully. Meanwhile, no significant difference in soil erosion rate could be found at gully bed between bare land gully and cultivated land gully. As the experiment progressed, temporal variation in soil erosion rates of bare land gully was similar with that of cultivated land gully. Compared to the bare land, the resistance coefficient of runoff (f) was higher in the cultivated land in upstream catchment of bank gully. Compared to bare land gully, the resistance coefficients of upstream catchment area and gully bed in cultivated land gully increased by 6.96 times and 2 times, respectively. For bare land gully, a gradually increasing trend in f was observed in the upstream catchment areas and downstream gully beds. However, a decreasing trend in f was observed in the cultivated land gully over time. For different parts of the gully, cultivation had no significant effect on the energy consumption of runoff, but it had a significant effect on the energy consumption of runoff per unit soil loss. Runoff energy consumption per unit soil loss in upstream catchment area of cultivated land gully decreased by about 50% compared with that of bare land gully. As a result, cultivation could increase soil resistance coefficient and soil erosion rate, while decrease energy consumption of runoff per unit soil loss in the upstream catchment area of gully. It should be noted that no significant differences in soil erosion rate and the energy consumption of runoff in the gully wall and gully bed could be found between cultivated land gully and bare land gully.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:22
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Catchments - Cultivation - Energy utilization - Erosion - Hydrodynamics - Land use - Rivers - Runoff - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Dry-hot valleys - Ecological environments - Erosion characteristics - Gully - Resistance coefficients - Runoff energy consumption - Scouring experiments - Social and economic development
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.1 Flood Control - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20200708172615
Title:Effect of agricultural products safety production technologies on elasticity of substitution
Title of translation:农产品质量安全生产技术对要素替代弹性的影响
Authors:Kang, Ting (1); Mu, Yueying (1); Hou, Lingling (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing; 100871, China
Corresponding author:Mu, Yueying(yueyingmu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:280-288
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Food safety is related to public health and has been highlighted worldwide. In order to motivate peasants to adopt food safety production techniques sustainably, what is the relationship between food safety production technologies and production factors and how these technologies work on food safety are important but still remain to be answered. This study explores the mechanism how food safety production techniques improve food safety and quality by factor allocation effect which can be decomposed into factor substitution effect and factor output effect. In order to address these problems, we constructed a theoretical framework based on biased technological change and explained how food safety production technologies affect factor output and substitution elasticity, especially output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticides and factor substitution elasticity between them and other factors. On the basis of theoretical framework, empirical model was constructed using a two-year pooled-data of household survey gathered from main vegetable production areas around Bohai bay. The survey was conducted in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning covering household characteristics, cost-benefit situation and food safety production technology adoption. By employing stochastic frontier translog production function, accurate output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticide and substitution elasticity between them and three other kinds of input factors(labor, land and other input) could be estimated accurately. In order to eliminate endogenous problems induced by indirect path of food safety production technologies on factor substitution elasticity through factor output elasticity, simultaneous equations was adopted. The result showed that:1)according to the result of stochastic frontier translog function, output elasticity of fertilizer was negative which proved that fertilizer had been overused. Output elasticity of pesticides was near zero indicating that pesticide had damage abatement effect rather than production increasing effect.2) Food safety production technologies reduced fertilizer and pesticide use through increasing output elasticity and substitution elasticity of fertilizer or pesticide to other input factor.For example, insect proof net decreased the output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticides, greenhouse fumigation had negative effect on substitution elasticity of pesticide to land. This indicates that the food safety production techniques do have factor allocation effect and this factor allocation effect can be decomposed into factor output effect and factor substitution effect, but the indirect path working on substitution elasticity through output elasticity of fertilizers or pesticides has not been supported. 3)Greenhouse disinfection by high temperature and smoke could reduce fertilizer and pesticide input effectively through increasing the output elasticity and decreasing the substitute elasticity of pesticide to land, soil disinfection significantly could also improves output elasticity of fertilizer thus reduce fertilizer use. 4) The effect of some safety-ensured and quality-promoted technologies, for instance, insect proof net, is to stabilizing volatilities of yield, but not increasing yield, thus can induce the negative effect on output elasticity of fertilizer and pesticide. 5) Application of quality and safety production technology needs a supplementary input of capital, labor and other factors. On the one hand, this induced that the indirect path of food safety production technologies on factor substitution effect through factor output effect is not significant; on the other hand, this also intensifies the substitution of fertilizer for labor.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Safety factor
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Chemical contamination - Cost benefit analysis - Disinfection - Elasticity - Fertilizers - Food safety - Greenhouse effect - Greenhouses - Pesticide effects - Quality control - Smoke - Stochastic systems - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Elasticity of substitution - Quality and safeties - Safety production - Simultaneous equations - Theoretical framework - Trans-log production functions - Translog - Vegetable productions
Classification code:451 Air Pollution - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 822.3 Food Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20200708172549
Title:Effects of soil compaction by various tractors on soil penetration resistance and soybean yields
Title of translation:大中小型拖拉机压实对土壤坚实度和大豆产量的影响
Authors:Qiao, Jinyou (1); Zhang, Dan (1); Zhang, Hongbin (1); Zhang, Bin (2); Chen, Haitao (1); Chen, Lipeng (1); Zheng, Daming (1); Sun, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Bin(zhangbin01@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:21
Issue date:November 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:26-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It has great significance to discuss regularities of soil penetration resistance and crop yield impacted by agricultural machinery compaction to improve crop growing environment and promote the transformation of agricultural mechanization from quantitative type to qualitative type. Taking the cultivated soil in the typical black soil area in northeast China as the research object, three types of tractors were selected, namely large (CASE-210), medium (JD-904) and small (JD-280), the compaction times were designed as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 times according to the actually situation of agricultural mechanization. The compaction test for each type of tractor with the same compacting times was set to be repeated for three times, and the concrete compaction treatment for the same type of tractor was distributed in different testing plots of different testing column according to the principle of random block test to eliminate the error of tested data caused by soil differences in different plots. Soybean was planted in the field, and PV6.08 penetrative resistance meter was used to measure the soil penetration resistance at sections just across the compaction rut during the growing period of soybean. The error data were identified and removed based on the 3σ criteria and Matlab (R2016b) program. Effective software such as Sufer12.0 et al. were used to draw the contour map of soil penetration resistance at the cross section in each testing plots of different treatment. Harvested soybean grain was dried according GB5009.3-2016 to calculate grain moisture content, and soybean yield of each treatment was calculated under the standard soybean moisture content, and the significance of soybean yield differences of each treatments were also analyzed so as to explore the change rule of soybean yield. The results showed that the soil penetration resistance increases gradually with the increase of compaction times, and there were obvious compaction cores in the compacted sections of the three tractors, and core soil penetration resistance increased with the increase of compaction times, the compaction of CASE-210 tractor had the greatest influence on the surface soil where the maximum penetration resistance was 4.0 MPa when compacted 12 times. The compaction of JD-280 tractor had the greatest influence on soil at the depth of 65-80 cm where the maximum penetration resistance was 3.2 MPa when compacted 12 times. At the same time, the tractor compaction led to the decrease of soybean yield and it was most significant when compacted 12 times. The soybean yield at the plots decrease rates were 21.24%, 18.15% and 12.38% when compacted 12 times by CASE-210, JD-904 and JD-280 tractors.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Automobile testing - Compaction - Crops - Cultivation - Grain (agricultural product) - Hardness - MATLAB - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination - Soil mechanics - Soils - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Different treatments - Grain moisture content - Growing environments - Penetration resistances - Soil compaction - Soil penetration resistance - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 2.12e+01%, Pressure 3.20e+06Pa, Pressure 4.00e+06Pa, Size 6.50e-01m to 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.21.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
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- American Society of Agronomy
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