<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20194607675774
Title:Mechanical properties and fire resistance of gypsum-based composites with wheat straw
Title of translation:麦秸石膏复合材料力学性能和抗火性能研究
Authors:Yue, Kong (1, 2); Li, Mengyu (1); Liu, Jian (1); Wang, Lu (1); Liu, Weiqing (1); Lu, Weidong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing; 211800, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai; 200433, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:308-316
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the full utilization of wheat straw, to enhance the mechanical properties of gypsum board and to increase the fire resistance of wood-based gypsum board, a new preparation process of gypsum-based composites with wheat straw was put forward in this study. The thick and small wheat straw fiber were used as the reinforcing materials in gypsum-based composites, and their dimension were in the range of 0.30-0.60 and 0.18-0.30 mm, respectively. The gypsum was employed as the continuous phase in the composites. The ambient temperature curing structural adhesive was used to replace the traditional gypsum retarder in the new preparation process of gypsum-based composites. The preparation process consisted of an initial forming stage for initial strength and a curing stage, where the objectives were gypsum hydration and the strength further increased, respectively. Compared with the conventional gypsum composites with Chinese fir fiber and Chinese fir particle, the mechanical properties and fire resistance of gypsum-based composites by adding wheat straw fiber with different dimension were tested and analyzed. The results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum-based composites with small wheat straw fiber were lower than those of gypsum-based composites with Chinese fir fiber, but were better than gypsum-based composites with thick wheat straw fiber. The internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and thickness swelling of gypsum-based composites with small wheat straw fiber were 0.33 MPa, 7.1 MPa, 2 370 MPa and 2.82%, respectively, and could meet the requirements of gypsum particleboard standard. According to the lower thermal conductivity and higher ash content of wheat straw than wood materials, the time to ignition of gypsum-based composites with wheat straw was higher than that of gypsum-based composites with Chinese fir fiber, and there was no obvious peak heat release rate in the fire resistance test. Compared with the gypsum-based with Chinese fir fiber and Chinese fir particle, the total heat release of gypsum-based composites with small wheat straw fiber was 48.18% and 35.87% lower, respectively. The main peak of CO<inf>2</inf> production rate was 42.25% and 38.81% lower than that of Chinese fir fiber and particle gypsum composites, respectively. The main peak of CO production rate was comparable to wood-gypsum composites. The weight percent retains of small wheat straw fiber gypsum composites was slightly higher than that of Chinese fir gypsum composites, and the appearance after burning test was more complete and the degree of carbonization was lighter obviously. Due to the smooth outer surface of the wheat straw, the gypsum was mainly attached to the internal surface of the wheat straw by microscopic observation using scanning electron microscope. Therefore, the small straw fiber could increase the contact area between the internal surface and the gypsum, which indicated the inherent reason for the better physical and mechanical properties of small wheat straw fiber gypsum composites. The smooth outer surface of the wheat straw was almost covered with SiO<inf>2</inf>, which also explained the superior fire resistance of wheat straw gypsum composites. The study can be a reference for the performance improving on the gypsum-based composites with wheat straw fiber and its application in project.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Gypsum
Controlled terms:Acoustic wave absorption - Adhesives - Carbonization - Composite materials - Curing - Fibers - Fire resistance - Glass ceramics - Heat resistance - Mechanical properties - Physical properties - Scanning electron microscopy - Silica - Straw - Swelling - Thermal conductivity - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Ambient temperature curing - Chinese fir - Internal bond strengths - Microscopic observations - Peak heat release rates - Physical and mechanical properties - Preparation process - Wheat straws
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 751.1 Acoustic Waves - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 914.2 Fires and Fire Protection - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.82e+00%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 3.88e+01%, Percentage 4.22e+01%, Percentage 4.82e+01%, Pressure 2.37e+09Pa, Pressure 3.30e+05Pa, Pressure 7.10e+06Pa, Size 1.80e-04m to 3.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20194607675837
Title:Analysis of drought identification and spatio-temporal characteristics for summer corn in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in year of 1961-2015
Title of translation:1961-2015年黄淮海平原夏玉米干旱识别及时空特征分析
Authors:Wu, Xia (1, 2); Wang, Peijuan (3); Gong, Yanduo (4); Yang, Jianying (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Heilongjiang Ecological Meteorological Center, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Ecological Remote Sensing Center, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (4) Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Peijuan(wangpj@cma.gov.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:189-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the context of global warming, the frequency and severity of drought are increasing rapidly, and the impact of drought on China's agricultural production is also the largest. In this study, meteorological data of 46 stations, the phenophases of summer corn at 33 agro-meteorological stations and historical disaster data in 1961-2015 in the Huang-huai-hai Plain were integrated to establish crop drought identification indices for summer corn drought disasters. Referring to the calculation formula of standardized precipitation index (SPI), daily SPI<inf>10</inf> on the ten-scale and SPI<inf>30</inf> on the monthly scale were calculated based on SPI. The SPI<inf>10</inf> and SPI<inf>30</inf> for summer corn at different developmental stages were formed by establishing the drought sample sequences. The historical disaster data were used to determine the thresholds of SPI<inf>10</inf> and SPI<inf>30</inf> for different development stages of summer corn. The thresholds were determined basing on a Lilliefors goodness-of-fit test and the upper threshold of a 95% confidence interval. And then the SPI<inf>10</inf> and SPI<inf>30</inf> for summer corn at sowing-tasseling stage and tasseling-maturity stage in the Huang-huai-hai Plain were constructed and evaluated the fitness by random drought samples reserved independently and other historical drought records. The better indicator and threshold for summer corn drought were selected. On this basis, we analyzed the drought disaster and revealed the spatio-temporal characteristics of drought disaster at different development stages of summer corn, in order to provide basic data for drought monitoring in China. Main results were showed as below: 1) The thresholds of SPI<inf>10</inf> for summer corn at sowing-tasseling stage and tasseling-maturity stage were -0.10 and -0.35, respectively. The thresholds of SPI<inf>30</inf> for summer corn at sowing-tasseling stage and tasseling-maturity stage were -0.60 and -0.65, respectively. The results identified by SPI<inf>10</inf> and SPI<inf>30</inf> were basically consistent with the random drought samples reserved independently and historical drought records, and the effect of SPI<inf>10</inf> was better. 2) The temporal characteristics of drought for summer corn in the Huang-huai-hai Plain from 1961-2015 were analyzed based on SPI<inf>10</inf>. The results showed that: The average drought frequency and average drought severity of summer corn at sowing-tasseling stage were significantly higher than that at tasseling-mature period. The time fluctuation characteristics of drought severity in both development stages were consistent with the drought frequency. 3) The spatial distribution characteristics of drought for summer corn in the Huang-huai-hai Plain were analyzed based on SPI<inf>10</inf>. The results showed that: The interannual variation of the drought extent at sowing-tasseling stage showed an overall increase, but the change trend was not significant. The overall characteristics of the interannual variation of the drought extent at tasseling-maturity stage were not obvious. Drought extent at sowing-tasseling stage was greater than that at tasseling-maturity stage in 75% of the years. Drought frequency at sowing-tasseling stage for summer corn was higher in the southeastern part of the Huang-huai-hai Plain and lower in the central. Drought frequency at tasseling-maturity stage for summer corn was higher in the northwest and south part of the Huang-huai-hai Plain and lower in the southeast. The spatial distribution characteristics of drought severity were consistent with the drought frequency. Generally, the area with higher drought frequency had stronger cumulative drought severity. Moreover, the drought frequency and drought severity at sowing-tasseling stage were higher than that at tasseling-maturity stage. The difference in drought frequency or drought severity was the greatest in the southeastern region of the Huang-huai-hai Plain at both developmental stages.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Crops - Disasters - Global warming - Meteorology - Spatial distribution - Stream flow
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drought - Agricultural productions - Distribution characteristics - Fluctuation characteristics - Spatiotemporal characteristics - Standardized precipitation index - Summer corns - The Huang-huai-hai Plain
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20194607675873
Title:Degradation effect of soil erosion on tillage-layer quality of slope farmland and its evaluation trend
Title of translation:土壤侵蚀对坡耕地耕层质量退化作用及其评价趋势展望
Authors:Shi, Dongmei (1); Jin, Huifang (1); Jiang, Guangyi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Eco-environment Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Chongqing; 401147, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:118-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil erosion is the key driving force that causes tillage-layer quality degradation gradually and soil productivity variation precariously in sloping farmland. According to 2 functions of tillage-layer, erosion control and soil productivity, in this paper, we firstly focused on the ecological processes occurring in tillage-layer of farmland under the comprehensive interactions among soil erosion, soil and water conservation practices and agricultural activities at plot scale, and further summarized its influencing roads of soil erosion on tillage-layer quality. Results showed that: 1) Tillage-layer quality of sloping farmland was determined by the 2 ecological interaction process, rainfall erosion and tillage activities, and the temporal and spatial scales of these interaction on tillage-layer quality were very different. Soil properties functions indicating tillage-layer quality of slope farmland could be divided into such 4 types as water conservation, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation and production potential during a total agricultural production process. Crop-tillage coupling coordination could determine such characteristics of slope farmland as soil productivity, soil and water loss and the degradation direction & degree of tillage-layer caused by water erosion. 2) Tillage-layer quality was the characteristics of soil quality, its vertical combination along the active layer of crop root-system and underlying layer along the soil profile and the site conditions of sloping farmland. Tillage profile configuration of sloping farmland was the vertical distribution characteristics of soil texture, soil bulk density, soil porosity and soil mechanical resistance, so did its combination characteristics. The changes of tillage-layer quality of sloping farmland had obvious cumulative effects of water erosion on tillage disturbance. Degradation effects by water erosion on tillage-layer quality of sloping farmland were manifested in 3 aspects: deterioration of soil properties, deterioration of soil quality and decline of land productivity. The variation degree of soil physical properties was greater than that of chemical properties, and the decline of land productivity caused by runoff was greater than that caused by soil erosion. The change of crop yield had a significant hysteresis effect compared with soil quality degradation, meanwhile, soil permeability and soil erosion sensitivity had a direct correlation to the sustainable and stable productivity of sloping farmland. 3) In primary water erosion areas of China, an unified minimum data set of tillage-layer quality evaluation of sloping farmland should be set up aimed at the typical soil types and farming systems, which paid more close attention to the 2 functions of tillage-layer on erosion reduction and yield increase simultaneously. Such soil parameters as effective soil layer thickness, tillage layer thickness, soil bulk density, soil shear strength, soil organic matter and soil permeability could be included into the minimum data set for rational tillage-layer evaluation at plot scale. The time response characteristics of the minimum data set of tillage-layer quality should be fully taken into account in determining the threshold/suitable value. Rational tillage suitability of sloping farmland was divided into 5 grades, which were connected with soil erosion classification and cultivated land fertility classification. 4) Tillage-layer evaluation of slope farmland should focus on 3 aspects in the future, minimum data set of diagnosis index for tillage-layer quality, classification criteria of rational tillage threshold/suitable value and criterion of soil erosion control on sloping farmland. Accompanied by such normal indicators as soil erosion modulus, runoff coefficient and soil loss tolerance for protection of sloping farmland, the minimum data set index for diagnosing tillage-layer quality, as soil organic matter, soil infiltration, soil clay content could provide quantitatively a regional early-warning standards, which would benefit to more efficient soil and water loss control and realize sustainable utilization of sloping farmland These viewpoints were helpful in understanding the mechanism of degradation process caused by erosion of sloping farmland, and identifying quantitatively regulation approaches for rational cultivated-layer of sloping farmland, and also could provide some technical parameters for constructing rational tillage layer of slope farmland in water erosion area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:67
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Classification (of information) - Computer aided diagnosis - Crops - Deterioration - Ecology - Erosion - Farms - Function evaluation - Organic compounds - Plants (botany) - Porosity - Productivity - Quality control - Risk management - Runoff - Shear strength - Slope protection - Soils - Textures - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Degradation effect - Diagnostic indicators - Mechanism of degradation - Rational tillage-layer - Sloping farmlands - Soil and water conservation - Soil mechanical resistance - Temporal and spatial scale
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20194607675830
Title:Recognition of Rosa roxbunghii in natural environment based on improved Faster RCNN
Title of translation:改进Faster-RCNN自然环境下识别刺梨果实
Authors:Yan, Jianwei (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yuan (1); Zhang, Lewei (1); Su, Xiaodong (1); Liu, Hongyun (1); Zhang, Fugui (1, 3); Fan, Weiguo (2); He, Lin (1, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) National Forestry and Prairie Bureau Rosa roxbunghii Engineering Technology Research Center, Guiyang; 550025, China; (3) Mountain Agriculture Intelligent Equipment Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Guiyang; 550025, China; (4) Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui; 553004, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fugui(zhfugui@vip.163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:143-150
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rosa roxburghii is widely distributed in warm temperate zone and subtropical zone, mainly in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan and other places in China. Panxian and Longli are the most abundant the most varieties and the highest yield Rosa roxburghii resources in Guizhou. The harvesting of Rosa roxburghii fruit is the most time-consuming and labor-consuming work in Rosa roxburghii production, and its labor input accounts for 50%-70% of the production process. Hand-picking of Rosa roxburghii fruit is of high cost, high labor intensity and low picking efficiency. In recent years, convolutional neural network has been widely used in target recognition and detection. However, there is no relevant literature on the application of neural network in Rosa roxburghii fruit recognition. In this paper, in order to realize rapid and accurate identification of Rosa roxburghii fruits in natural environment, according to the characteristics of Rosa roxburghii fruits, the structure and parameters of VGG16, VGG_CNN_M1024 and ZF network models under the framework of Faster RCNN were optimized by comparing them. The convolutional neural network adopted bilinear interpolation method and selected alternating optimization training method of Faster RCNN. ROI Pooling in convolutional neural network is improved to ROI Align regional feature aggregation. Finally, VGG16 network model is selected to make the target rectangular box in the detection result more accurate. 6 540 (80%) of 8 175 samples were selected randomly as training validation set (trainval), the remaining 20% as test set, 80% as training set, the remaining 20% as validation set, and the remaining 300 samples that were not trained were used to test the final model. The recognition accuracy of the network model for 11 Rosa roxburghii fruits was 94.00%, 90.85%, 83.74%, 98.55%, 96.42%, 98.43%, 89.18%, 90.61%, 100.00%, 88.47% and 90.91%, respectively. The average recognition accuracy was 92.01%. The results showed that the recognition model trained by the improved algorithm had the lowest recall rate of 81.40%, the highest recall rate of 96.93%, the lowest accuracy rate of 85.63%, the highest 95.53%, and the lowest F<inf>1</inf> value of 87.50%, the highest 94.99%. Faster RCNN (VGG16 network) has high recognition accuracy for Rosa roxburghii fruit, reaching 95.16%. The recognition speed of single fruit is faster, and the average recognition time of each Rosa roxburghii fruit is about 0.2 seconds. The average time has some advantages, which is 0.07 s faster than the methods of Fu Longsheng. In this paper, a Faster RCNN Rosa roxburghii fruit recognition network model based on improved VGG16 is proposed, which is suitable for Rosa roxburghii fruit recognition model training. The algorithm proposed in this paper has good recognition effect for Rosa roxburghii fruit under weak and strong illumination conditions, and is suitable for effective recognition and detection of Rosa roxburghii fruit in complex rural environment. This paper is the first study on the depth extraction of Rosa roxburghii fruit image features by using convolution neural network. This research has high recognition rate and good real-time performance under natural conditions, and can meet the requirements of automatic identification and positioning picking of Rosa roxburghii fruit. It lays a certain foundation for intelligent identification and picking of Rosa roxburghii fruit, and opens a new journey for the research of automatic picking technology of Rosa roxburghii fruit.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Automation - Computer vision - Convolution - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Neural networks
Uncontrolled terms:Alternating optimizations - Bilinear interpolation method - Convolution neural network - Convolutional neural network - Faster RCNN - Intelligent identification - Rosa roxbunghii - Target recognition
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.14e+01%, Percentage 8.37e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.75e+01%, Percentage 8.85e+01%, Percentage 8.92e+01%, Percentage 9.06e+01%, Percentage 9.08e+01%, Percentage 9.09e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.55e+01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+01%, Percentage 9.84e+01%, Percentage 9.85e+01%, Time 2.00e-01s, Time 7.00e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20194607675781
Title:Optimization of cattle's image semantics segmentation with fully convolutional networks based on RGB-D
Title of translation:基于RGB-D的肉牛图像全卷积网络语义分割优化
Authors:Deng, Hanbing (1, 2); Zhou, Yuncheng (1, 2); Xu, Tongyu (1, 2); Miao, Teng (1, 2, 3); Xu, Jing (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agricultural, Shenyang; 110866, China; (3) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agricultural, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Yuncheng(zhouyc2002@syau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:151-160
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the decreasing cost of image sensor equipment, full-time monitoring has been gradually realized in the process of cattle breeding. Especially, in the whole life of cattle, the monitoring and analysis for cattle's behavior have become a research hotspot in the field of breeding. Acquiring a large amount of cattle image and video information, people are more concerned about how to process, analyze, understand and apply these data. How to segment dynamic objects from complex environment background is the precondition of cattle behavior analysis, and it is also the key of realizing long-distance, contactless and automatic detection for cattle behavior. The traditional machine vision image segmentation method is used to realize the clustering and extraction of pixels by artificially extracting image features. However, when the image background is complex, feature extraction will become very troublesome and even difficult to achieve. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) provides another solution, which enables computers to automatically learn and find the most descriptive and prominent features in each specific category of objects, and allows deep networks to discover potential patterns in various types of images. On the basis of massive labeled data, the accuracy of classification, segmentation, recognition and detection with convolutional neural network can be improved automatically through continuous training, and the labor cost is transferred from algorithm design to data acquisition, which reduces the difficulty of technology application. However, for cattle image segmentation, the complex breeding environment will be a problem. The color and texture of environmental information in the image will have an impact on the segmentation of cattle's details. Especially when FCN uses deconvolution operation in the process of up-sampling, it is insensitive to the details of the image and does not take into account the class relationship between the pixels, which makes the segmentation result lack of spatial regularity and spatial consistency, so the segmentation effect will be very rough. In order to improve the accuracy of semantics segmentation for fully convolutional networks and segmentation effect of cattle image details, this paper proposes a method of fully convolutional networks semantic segmentation based on RGBD cattle image. We create a concept which named "depth density". The value of depth density can quantify the probability about whether different pixels have the same category. According to the mapping relationship between RGB image and depth image on pixel level content, we optimize the semantic segmentation results of cattle's image by FCN. The experimental results showed that, better than FCN-8s, the proposed method could improve the pixel accuracy, mean accuracy, mean intersection over union and frequency weight intersection over union by 2.5%, 2.3%, 3.4% and 2.7% respectively.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Color image processing
Controlled terms:Animals - Complex networks - Convolution - Data acquisition - Deep neural networks - Extraction - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image segmentation - Models - Neural networks - Pixels - Semantic Web - Semantics - Textures - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Accuracy of classifications - Cattle's image - Convolutional networks - Convolutional neural network - Environmental information - Monitoring and analysis - Multi-modal - Semantic segmentation
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 903 Information Science - 912.4 Personnel
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.30e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 2.70e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20194607675868
Title:Rapid detection of soluble solids content in strawberry coated with chitosan based on hyperspectral imaging
Title of translation:高光谱成像快速检测壳聚糖涂膜草莓可溶性固形物
Authors:Shao, Yuanyuan (1, 2); Wang, Yongxian (1); Xuan, Guantao (1, 3); Gao, Zongmei (4); Liu, Yi (1); Han, Xiang (1); Gao, Chong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia; 65211, United States; (4) Center for Precision and Automated Agricultural Systems, Washington State University, WA; 99350, United States
Corresponding author:Xuan, Guantao(xuangt@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:245-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Strawberries are popular fruit for their tender texture, juice and sweet taste. Prior on shelves, the harvesting and storage have always been the problems due to its fragility as well as susceptibility to rot. Chitosan coating has been widely used in fruit preservation, which can delay the storage time of fruits and has good preservation effect. The quality of chitosan-coated fruits is mostly detected by the typical conventional methods of physical or chemical testing. Since such methods need to deal with a large number of samples, which are time-consuming, laborious and destructive for detecting coated fruits. Therefore, in order to explore the possibility of detecting the soluble solids content (SSC) of strawberry coated with chitosan nondestructively and rapidly, hyperspectral imaging technology was employed to estimate the SSC of strawberry coated with chitosan in this study. Strawberry samples coated with 0, 0.5% and 1% chitosan acetic acid which were stored in 3 periods (1, 2, 4 d). Outliers were eliminated by monte carlo-partial least squares (MCPLS) method, and the number of outliers was 10, 3 and 5 for the above respect treatments. Sample partitioning based on joint X-Y distance (SPXY) was used to split the data after eliminating outliers. After the partition of sample set, the modeling set contains the maximum and minimum SSC values in the three-concentration data, and the range of SSC values in the calibration set and validation set is large and the partition is reasonable. To find out the best model effect, Savitzky-Golay, baseline correction, De-trending, moving average smoothing (MA), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) were used to pre-process the spectral data after eliminating the outliers. It was found that the strawberry sample data coated with 0 chitosan acetic acid solution pretreated by MSC had the best effect, while the strawberry sample data coated with 0.5% and 1% chitosan acetic acid solution without pretreatment had the best effect. R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> was the largest and RMSECV was the smallest. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) method were applied to select the effective wavelengths, which were helpful for enhancing computer velocity and reducing data dimension. The number of effective wavelengths selected by CARS and SPA for the three concentrations was 32, 30, 20 and 11, 8, 16, respectively. Finally, partial least square method (PLS) and support vector regression (SVR) were used to build regression models. The final results showed that the PLS regression model was less effective than the SVR model, while the full spectrum data and the data of characteristic bands selected by CARS are less effective in the SVR model, and the SPA-SVR model was the best. The value of R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> reached to 0.865 for strawberry samples coated with 0 chitosan acetic acid solution, and value of R<inf>v</inf><sup>2</sup> reached to 0.835; for the strawberries coated with 0.5% chitosan acetic acid solution R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> was 0.808 and R<inf>v</inf><sup>2</sup> was 0.799; and the R<inf>c</inf><sup>2</sup> and R<inf>v</inf><sup>2</sup> were 0.834 and 0.875 for strawberries coated with 1% chitosan acetic acid solution, respectively. These results validated the applicability of hyperspectral imaging technology on rapid detection of SSC in strawberry coated with chitosan.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Agricultural products - Chitosan - Coherent scattering - Digital storage - Hyperspectral imaging - Least squares approximations - Monte Carlo methods - Nondestructive examination - pH - Regression analysis - Spectroscopy - Statistics - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:HyperSpectral - Hyperspectral imaging technologies - Multiplicative scatter correction - Non destructive inspection - Partial least square methods - Strawberry - Successive projection algorithms - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20194607675768
Title:Effect of harvesting methods and grain moisture content on maize harvesting quality
Title of translation:机械收获方式及籽粒含水率对玉米收获质量的影响
Authors:Fang, Huimin (1); Niu, Mengmeng (1); Shi, Song (1); Liu, Hu (1); Zhou, Jin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan; 250100, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Jin(13969128744@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:11-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, maize crops are harvested about 35.93% underplanting area and 39.16% share of the total yield. Maize grains are the most significant concerns during the harvesting stage for the further process towards foods yield for the designing of the harvester, thresher, handling, processing, and storage equipment. The maize grain harvesting quality is affected by maize variety characteristics, dehydration rate after physiological maturity and grain moisture content, etc. Therefore, the harvesting area of maize grain harvesting only accounts for 5%-6% of the total maize production area though maize grain harvesting technology is the key technology of modern production of maize and a developing direction of maize harvesting. Therefore, the present research was planned to analyze the effect of harvesting techniques (maize harvesting and maize grain harvesting), moisture content (17.62% to 32.12 %) and thirteen maize grains varieties (ZD958, XYu335, DH605, DH618, NH101, WK702, JD29, LD818, LD9066, XY218, LD9088, LD9151, LD2016) on maize harvesting quality. Further, cluster falling rate, grain falling rate, grain broken rate and rate of chips were assessed during harvesting time. The results revealed that the grain moisture content of maize varieties decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 32.12% to 17.62% towards the normal and delayed harvesting periods, but the change rates of grain moisture content among maize varieties were different. The total harvesting loss rates were 2.59% and 3.28% observed towards maize harvesting and maize grain harvesting, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) found between maize harvesting and maize grain harvesting. The cluster falling rate occupied 75.28% (maize harvesting) and 54.53% (maize grain harvesting) of total loss rate. Furthermore, the mechanical harvesting method significantly (P<0.05) affected grain falling rate during the normal harvesting time, grain falling rate and cluster falling rate decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the delayed harvesting time. There was no significant correlation between grain moisture content and loss rates (including total loss rate, cluster falling rate and grain falling rate) when maize harvesting was adapted. As for maize grain harvesting, there was significant correlations between grain moisture content and grain falling rate, total loss rate, broken rate, rate of chips. Further, the average rate of chips, total loss rate and broken rate (1.32%, 1.74%, and 13.23%) were found under the delayed harvesting period. Thus, results revealed that the average rate of chips and total loss rate was observed not higher than the national standard requirements of 3% and 5%, whereas the average broken rate was observed higher than the national standard requirement of 5%. The linear relationship between the rate of chips and the grain moisture content was developed. According to the relationship, the rate of chips can meet the national requirement if the grain moisture content rate is less than 32.40%. Therefore, it is concluded that the delayed harvesting period would minmize the losses of harvesting and provide a guideline to farmers for harvesting the grains on the appropriate time. This study can provide data support and scientific basis for the research and popularization of maize grain harvesting technology.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Digital storage - Grain (agricultural product) - Low temperature drying - Moisture - Moisture determination - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:Dehydration rates - Grain moisture content - Harvesting methods - Harvesting periods - Linear relationships - National standard - Physiological maturity - Total loss
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.32e+00%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.74e+00%, Percentage 1.76e+01% to 3.21e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.21e+01% to 1.76e+01%, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 3.28e+00%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 3.92e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 6.00e+00%, Percentage 5.45e+01%, Percentage 7.53e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20194607675825
Title:Influence of clay interlayer position on infiltration of reclaimed soil filled with Yellow River sediment
Title of translation:黏土夹层位置对黄河泥沙充填复垦土壤水分入渗的影响
Authors:Wang, Xiaotong (1); Hu, Zhenqi (2); Lai, Xiaojun (1); Liang, Yusheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology <Beijing>, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou; 221000, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhenqi(huzq1963@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:86-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Coal is the primary energy source in china, large-scale coal mining causes serious ecological and environmental problems in China. For restoring farmland in such areas, reclaiming subsided land with Yellow River sediment is an effective reclamation technology. In this study, we investigated the influence of interlayer positions on soil water infiltration process of reclaimed soil filled with Yellow River sediment. The laboratory experiments of infiltration were conducted in the soil columns of 120 cm with 2 control treatments (CK1, CK2) and 5 interlayer treatments (T1-T5). CK1 consisted of 20-cm topsoil overlying subsoil, representing native undisturbed farmland. CK2 represented conventional reconstructed soil profile consisted of 20-cm topsoil and 40-cm subsoil overlying sediment and 60 cm Yellow River sediment on the bottom. Treatments T1-T5 represented reconstruct multi-layered soil profiles consisted of 20-cm topsoil, 20-cm subsoil and different combinations of sediment and 20-cm thick subsoil interlayer located at different position between the Yellow River sediment layer. In treatments of T1-T5, subsoil interlayer was filled into the column at the 50, 55, 60, 65, 70 cm away from the soil surface, respectively. The soil texture of subsoil was clay. Thus, the subsoil interlayer was also the clay interlayer. By the laboratory infiltration experiments, the influence of interlayer position on water infiltration was analyzed, and the subsoil interlayer position of the reclaimed soil filled with Yellow River sediment was optimized. Calculated index included infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, depth to the wetting front, and water content volume distribution of the reclaimed soils. Finally, the filtration was fitted by Kostiakov model. The results showed that subsoil clay interlayer was more effective in inhibiting water leakage and improving the water-holding capacity of conventional reconstructed soil profile. The infiltration rate increased and then decreased with the increasing depth of subsoil interlayers with the same thickness. The position of the subsoil interlayer at 55 cm below the soil surface was a threshold where the infiltration rate was the lowest, the migration speed of the wetting front was the slowest, and the water resistance effect was the strongest. However, considering the heavy rainfall in the study area, surface runoff was easy to form. When the position of interlayer was 60 cm below the soil surface, the water infiltration characteristic was closer to that of undamaged farmland, and it was the optimal position of interlayer for land reclamation with Yellow River sediments. Moreover, the Kostiakov model could fit the infiltration process well for the reclaimed soil with clay interlayer in the Yellow River sediment layer (R<sup>2</sup> was higher than 0.99 and relative root mean square error was not higher than 0.07). This study has important practical significance for extension of interlayer soil profile reclamations with Yellow River sediment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Farms - Filtration - Land reclamation - Leakage (fluid) - Mean square error - Reclamation - Rivers - Sediments - Soil moisture - Textures - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative infiltrations - Environmental problems - Laboratory experiments - Primary energy source - Reclamation technologies - Root mean square errors - Water holding capacity - Yellow river
Classification code:442.2 Land Reclamation - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 5.50e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 7.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20194607675847
Title:Quality change law of vinegar during automatic mechanical fermentation
Title of translation:自动化机械发酵食醋过程中品质变化规律
Authors:Wang, Wenxiu (1); Liu, Lin (1); Jiang, Xin (1); Dai, Xinpeng (1); Sun, Jianfeng (1); Wang, Jie (1); Peng, Yankun (2); Yutaka, Kitamura (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; 3058572, Japan
Corresponding author:Sun, Jianfeng(causunjf@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:273-281
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vinegar plays an important role in our daily diet. Solid-state fermentation of vinegar using reactors has several advantages over the traditional methods, which include shorter fermentation process, and good controlled working environment. In order to fully understand the dynamic changes of main components and flavor compounds during the solid-state fermentation of vinegar in rotary drum reactor, samples were taken throughout the fermentation process. Alcohol, total acid, reducing sugar, amino nitrogen, organic acid and volatile flavor in the process of vinegar fermentation were studied by high performance liquid chromatography, solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, principal component analysis was carried out to explore the difference of volatile flavor in vinegar at different fermentation stages. The results showed that the fermentation process can be divided into three stages: starch saccharification, alcohol fermentation, and oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. The alcohol content increased rapidly within 0-4 days of fermentation, then decreased gradually to zero until the end of fermentation. The total acid content showed a sharp increase tendency first, followed by a slight increase at the late stage of fermentation. The reducing sugar content decreased rapidly at first, then gradually increased during acetic acid fermentation, and finally gradually decreased. The amino nitrogen increased rapidly at first, followed by a gradual decrease at the end of fermentation. Seven organic acids were detected in our research, including acetic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and malic acid. Among them, acetic acid and lactic acid were the main organic acids in the whole fermentation process. The lactic acid content increased rapidly first, and became the dominant organic acid in the alcohol fermentation stage. Then it showed a gradual decrease until the end of fermentation. For acetic acid, a gradual increase tendency was observed during the whole fermentation process, which accounted for 64.87% of all the organic acids contents. Compared with those, the content of other organic acids was less, and the variation during fermentation was relatively small. These organic acids were also crucial for the formation of characteristic taste of vinegar. A total of 64 flavor volatile substances were detected, including 25 esters, 12 alcohols, 6 acids, 5 phenols, 5 aldehydes, 6 ketones and 5 heterocyclic compounds. The principal component analysis results showed that the most dominant ones responsible for volatile flavor in the early, middle, and later stage of fermentation were alcohols, esters and aldehydes, and acids, respectively. Other volatile compounds, such as aldehydes, phenols, ketones, heterocycle, were present in small amounts during vinegar fermentation based on the reactor. However, they also play a vital role in the formation of special flavor for vinegar. This is the first report to study the dynamic changes of vinegar quality during fermentation process based on a reactor. The results would enhance our understanding of the fermentation property of rotary drum solid-state fermentation vinegar reactor, which may be helpful for the improvement and effective management of reactor to promote its industrial application.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Aldehydes - Esters - Flavor compounds - Gas chromatography - High performance liquid chromatography - Ketones - Lactic acid - Liquid sugar - Mass spectrometry - Nitrogen - Oxalic acid - pH - Phenols - Principal component analysis - Process control - Saccharification - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic monitoring - Main components - Rotary drum - Solid-state fermentation - Vinegar
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 0.00e+00yr to 1.10e-02yr, Percentage 6.49e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20194607675871
Title:Optimization of well-canal irrigation mode considering salt accumulation and winter wheat yield and quality
Title of translation:考虑盐分累积及冬小麦产量品质的井渠结合灌溉模式优选
Authors:Qiao, Dongmei (1, 2, 3); Han, Yang (1, 2, 3); Qi, Xuebin (1, 2, 3); Huang, Zhongdong (1, 2, 3); Li, Ping (1, 2, 3); Liang, Zhijie (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (2) Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (3) Key Laboratory of High-efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Xuebin(qxb6301@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:78-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is one of the most important agricultural development zones in China. A large number of saline water resources in shallow underground layer are important available resources for agricultural production. It is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in Huang-Huai-Hai region to study the efficient irrigation mode of well-canal irrigation area. In order to explore the suitable irrigation mode of surface water and groundwater in well-canal irrigation area, the effects of different irrigation proportion (0, 33%, 67%, 100%) and different irrigation quota (600, 900, 1 200 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>) on the winter wheat yield, quality and dynamic change characteristics of salinity in root soil of winter wheat from 2013 to 2016 were studied on the scale of field plots. The results showed that: 1) The effect of different irrigation quotas on winter wheat yield under pure channel irrigation mode was greater than that under pure well water irrigation mode. Winter wheat yield under high quota pure channel irrigation (The irrigation quota was 1 200 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup> and the proportion of canal and well irrigation was 100%) was the highest, the yield of winter wheat under this irrigation treatment was 9 195 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. 2) Higher irrigation quota was beneficial to the increase of bulk density, wet gluten and stable time of winter wheat, but had no obvious effect on protein content. Well water was beneficial to the increase of protein content, wet gluten and stabilization time, and to the decrease of weakening degree. In the case of relatively sufficient surface water resources and the pursuit of maximum yield, high-quota pure channel irrigation mode was suggested; in the case of insufficient surface water resources, medium-quota and high-quota "well water, canal water, canal water" irrigation mode was to be selected; In these 2 cases, winter wheat mainly was well to make biscuits, pastries and the other agricultural by-products. In the case of shortage of surface water resources and no pursuit of maximum yield, medium-quota pure well water or "canal water, well water, well water" irrigation mode was to be selected. In this case, the production of winter wheat should mainly make steamed bread, noodles and the other traditional staple food products. 3) The soil salinity of winter wheat root layer increased slightly after 4 years of irrigation. The soil salinity increment of winter wheat root layer under pure channel water irrigation mode was the smallest, followed by irrigation mode "well water, channel water, channel water", and the soil salinity increment of winter wheat root layer under pure well water irrigation mode was the largest. For those areas with relatively sufficient surface water aiming at maximizing yield, high quota pure channel irrigation mode could be selected. In areas with insufficient surface water resources, the irrigation mode "high quota well water, canal water, canal water" could be selected. In the area of water shortage, the irrigation mode of well water + canal water + canal water with medium quota can be selected. It is of great practical significance for the sustainable development of agriculture in Huang-Huai-Hai region to carry out well-canal combined irrigation area food security production and efficient irrigation mode based on soil environmental security.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Crops - Food supply - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hydraulic structures - Image quality - Irrigation - Planning - Proteins - Soils - Surface water resources - Surface waters - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural by-products - Agricultural development - Agricultural productions - Salinity - Surface water and groundwaters - Well water - Winter wheat - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20194607675855
Title:Temporal and spatial change of sown area of crop and its influencing factors in main stream of Tarim River from 1994 to 2018
Title of translation:1994-2018年新疆塔河干流农作物播种面积时空变化及影响因素分析
Authors:Ke, Yingming (1, 3); Shen, Zhanfeng (1, 3); Li, Junli (2, 3, 4); Bai, Jie (2, 3, 4); Deng, Liuyang (1, 3); Xu, Zeyu (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xingjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi; 830000, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi; 830000, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Zhanfeng(shenzf@radi.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:180-188
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shaya County is located in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Tarim River. As one of the typical agricultural areas, its crop growth water source mainly comes from watershed irrigation. Studying the temporal and spatial changes of crop land not only helps to monitor agricultural land in the region and analyzes agricultural water consumption to provide a decision to rationally allocate water resources in the Tarim River, but also can help to monitor illegal land reclamation. This paper selected 94 medium resolution images of Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI from 1994 to 2018, and used the socio-economic statistical yearbook in the corresponding year, hydrological data and Populus euphratica distribution data, combined with the main crop phenological information in the study area, based on multi-time remote sensing images, the information of the sown area of crops in Shaya County was extracted and the temporal and spatial dynamics were studied. And the reasons for the change of planting area from the aspects of water resources and the relationship between cultivated land and Populus euphratica forest were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The main crops in Shaya County were cotton, wheat and corn. The usage of multi-temporal data to extract the planting area of crops according to their different phenological laws could not only greatly improve the accuracy of the extraction result of the sown areas of crops, but also avoid the leakage phenomenon caused by different growth periods of major crops, and it could be used to improve the extraction precision of the whole crop planting area by using the complementarity between the various time images; 2) The crop planting area in Shaya County showed an increasing trend in 1994-2018, especially showed a rapid growth (2006-2018) after continuous slow growth(1994-2006), and the two periods with larger increase rates were 1994-2006 and 2008-2011; 3) The planting area of the Weigan River Irrigation District had a spatial trend from the inside to the outside, from the fragmentation to the centralized contiguous development, the increased area was distributed in the eastern and southwestern parts, while the area of the sown area of crops in the Tarim River Basin had increased along the main stream of the Tarim River, and its increased area was mainly distributed on the south bank of the upper reaches of the Xinquman Station on the Tarim River and its downstream north bank; 4) The increase of crop planting area in the Weigan River irrigation area had a strong correlation with the change of the inflow water volume in the upper reaches of the Weigan River, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, while the area in the main stream of the Tarim River had a relatively low correlation, with a correlation coefficient of only 0.31; 5) The Populus euphratica forest area in the main stream of the Tarim River was cultivated every year. The area occupied by encroachment showed a growing trend, although the protection measures for Populus euphratica forests continued to strengthen after 2006, The planting area of crops showed a trend of accelerating growth after 2008, and the phenomenon that the invaded Populus euphratica forest failed to recover and the new Populus euphratica forest was destroyed.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Data mining - Extraction - Forestry - Image enhancement - Irrigation - Land reclamation - Land use - Monitoring - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Correlation coefficient - Irrigation districts - Protection measures - Remote sensing images - Sown area - Temporal and spatial changes - Temporal and spatial dynamics - Xinjiang
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20194607675838
Title:Optimization of light olefin production system from agricultural and forestry residues and analysis of its mass and energy conversion
Title of translation:农林废弃物制备低碳烯烃系统优化及物质与能量转化分析
Authors:Li, Xi (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Yuping (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Xinghua (1, 2, 3); Chen, Lungang (1, 2, 3); Wang, Chenguang (1, 2, 3); Ma, Longlong (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (2) Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (3) Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yuping(liyp@ms.giec.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:211-219
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Light olefins, represented by ethylene and propylene, are important platform compounds. At present, naphtha and natural gas are the main raw materials for the production of light olefins. The use of agricultural and forestry waste from lignocellulosic biomass can be an alternative supplement to produce renewable light olefins, considering the limited fossil resources and restricted environmental legislation. In this paper, the process simulation of light olefin production by gasification of agricultural and forestry waste biomass, methanol synthesis and the following step of methanol to olefins was modeling. And the material and energy consumption of the process was analyzed and optimized in this context. Aspen Plus software was applied for process modeling. The integrated process included several main sections, of which were O<inf>2</inf>-steam gasification of wood chips, reforming of raw fuel gas, adjustment of fuel gas composition (sulfur removal, water-gas shift reaction, pressure-swing CO<inf>2</inf> adsorption), methanol synthesis and separation, light olefin production from methanol, waste heat utilization, boiler and steam turbine, cooling tower. The effect of main operation parameters on process performance was investigated, including the weight ratios of steam to biomass and O<inf>2</inf>-rich gas to biomass (S/B and O/B), H<inf>2</inf> to CO ratio of syngas (H<inf>2</inf>/CO<inf>syngas</inf>), and reaction temperature of methanol synthesis. The evaluation index were feedstock usage (R<inf>F</inf>), water usage(R<inf>H2O</inf>), electricity usage(R<inf>elec</inf>), light olefin efficiency (η<inf>ole</inf>) and total energy efficiency(η<inf>T</inf>), et al. Potential energy method, based on low heating values of the streams, was adapted for the analysis and evaluation of energy conversion of the process under different operation conditions. The results show that R<inf>F</inf> of 7.86 t/t, R<inf>H2O</inf> of 15.9 t/t, R<inf>elec</inf> of 4.12 MWh/t, η<inf>ole</inf> of 40.7% and η<inf>T</inf> of 43.0% were obtained under the optimized process parameters, which was at S/B=0.26, O/B=0.14, H<inf>2</inf>/CO<inf>syngas</inf> and methanol synthesis temperature of 245℃. Self-supply of electricity was realized in this integrated process. Fresh water was supplied mainly to compensate the water loss in the cooling tower, due to water evaporation into air via cooling fan to decrease the temperature of recycling water. The energy loss of the system was mainly made up of air-cooling heat, evaporation heat from cooling tower and exhaust gas, accounting for 24.1% of the energy of biomass feedstocks. It can be concluded that the integrated process for bio-light olefin production from biomass was proved to be theoretically feasible in this context. High S/B ratio, proper O<inf>2</inf> amount, syngas with H<inf>2</inf>/CO ratio of 2.0 and low temperature of methanol synthesis is favorable for the yield of syngas and energy efficiency of light olefin. However, the total energy efficiency of the process was rarely affected due to the co-effect of electricity consumption and light olefin synthesis, which was in a compensated pattern for the system. The consumption ratios of biomass, water and electricity for per tonne of light olefin production were relatively higher than the results in some reference, due to the conservative conversion parameters designed in this context. Still the process performance of this simulation was still higher than the actual industrial results. And there are still techniques to be solved in future, such as the development of highly active catalysts for methanol synthesis at low temperature and heat integration to enhance energy efficiency.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Energy efficiency
Controlled terms:Biomass - Boilers - Chemical shift - Computer software - Cooling - Cooling towers - Electric power utilization - Energy conversion - Energy dissipation - Energy utilization - Ethylene - Evaporation - Feedstocks - Forestry - Gasification - Methane - Methanol - Natural gasoline plants - Potential energy - Steam reforming - Synthesis gas - Synthesis gas manufacture - Temperature - Thermal management (electronics) - Timber - Waste heat - Waste heat utilization - Water gas shift - Water recycling - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and evaluation - Electricity-consumption - Environmental legislations - Light olefin productions - Mass and energy analysis - Process simulations - Residues - Water gas shift (WGS) reaction
Classification code:513.2 Petroleum Refineries - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 614 Steam Power Plants - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 4.07e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20194607675789
Title:Temporal-spatial distribution and driving mechanism of arable land water scarcity index in China from water footprint perspective
Title of translation:水足迹分析中国耕地水资源短缺时空格局及驱动机制
Authors:Cao, Xinchun (1, 2); Liu, Zhe (2); Wu, Mengyang (2); Guo, Xiangping (2); Wang, Weiguang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Agricultural Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Weiguang(wangweiguang@hhu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:94-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Efficient water use in agriculture production system is widely accepted as an important foundation of regional water resources management, water shortage alleviation and environmental sustainability. The arable land water scarcity index (AWSI) to describe relationship between crop production and potentially water resources was established based on water footprint framework in current study. AWSI was defined as the ratio of total water footprint in regional crops cultivation to available agricultural water resources, including blue and green water. AWSI in 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China from 1999 to 2014 was calculated. Then, the spatial-temporal pattern and driving mechanism in the observed period were explored with the help of the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis. A total of 10 potential factors such as relative humidity (RH), average temperature (AT), precipitation (P), sunshine hours (SH), chemical fertilizer per area (CF), pesticides per area (PP), power of machinery per area (MP), irrigation rate (IR), irrigation efficiency (IE), proportion of grain area (GA) and per capita GDP (GP) were selected in driving mechanism assessment. Given that the high co-dependence of these potential factors, partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to elucidate the linkages between the ASWI and the selected factors. The results showed that, annual value of AWSI in China was estimated about 0.413, and the country faced high water stress during the studied period; AWSI in almost all of the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions increased over time, indicating that water scarcity in agricultural production system of China was intensifying. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the global Moran's I was higher than 0 in all the calculated years, implying provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with similar AWSI presented an obvious aggregation characteristic in agriculture production of China. Provinces with high AWSI was in the North China Plain and all the regions facing extremely high water stress (AWSI>0.800) were distributed in the north of China; most of the provinces located in south of the Yangtze River were classified as moderate water stress (0.100<AWSI<0.400); and with a value of AWSI below 0.100, only the Qinghai and Tibet were in the provinces and autonomous regions with no water stress. The controlling factors for ASWI were identified by calculating the variable importance for the projection (VIP) in PLSR model. PLSR revealed that the 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> components could explain 58.9% and 13.8% of the variation in the ASWI. The dominant 1-order factors affecting the changes in sediment yield in our study were: MP (with VIP and regression coefficient (RC) were 1.761 and 0.457, respectively), P (with the VIP and RC were 1.192 and -0.312, respectively) and GDP (with the VIP and RC were 1.170 and 0.030, respectively). The development of social economy was an important reason for provincial water scarcity intensification in agricultural production of China. The PLSR approach proposed in this paper was useful in that it eliminated the interdependence between variables to some extent and quantitatively calculated contribution of driving factors to changes in ASWI. The evaluation of water scarcity in arable land and the results of current study can be used for decision-making in agricultural water use efficiency improvement and total water appropriation control.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Water resources
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Autocorrelation - Crops - Cultivation - Decision making - Economics - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Land use - Least squares approximations - Machinery - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Regression analysis - Spatial variables measurement - Sustainable development - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluating indicators - Green water - Grey waters - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Water use
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 5.89e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20194607675870
Title:Data obtained method and application for topographic threshold theory calculation of gully initiation
Title of translation:沟蚀发生的地貌临界理论计算中数据获取方法及应用
Authors:Li, Hao (1); Yang, Wei (2); Liu, Xiaobing (1); Wang, Yuxi (2); Zhang, Xingyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin; 150081, China; (2) Heilongjiang Academy of Hydro Science, Harbin; 150080, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xingyi(zhangxy@iga.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:127-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gully initiation topographic threshold theory describes gully initiation condition, and is represented by the size of catchment that controls discharge, and local slope at the channel head that controls the velocity of runoff. The main cause of gully formation is excessive (sub) surface runoff, a condition that might be brought about by either climate change or alternations in land use. In this study, this theory was reviewed from the following aspects: theory development, data sources, threshold value calculating methods, influencing factors and applications. The gully initiation threshold concept was originally developed to explain the onset of instability in 1 gully while its neighbours remained stable. The relative area (or shear stress) exponent was generally interpreted in relation to the gully erosion process in the catchment. Values higher than 0.2 were associated with erosion by surface runoff and those lower than 0.2 indicated subsurface processes or mass movement. The threshold coefficient reflected the resistance of the site to gully head development, affected by rainfall, land use, etc. The threshold values variation also depended on the methodology, including field reconnaissance survey and high-resolution remote sensing images as well as digital elevation model. The latter were more convenient for data acquisition, although field reconnaissance survey data would be more accurate. With fast development of unmanned aerial vehicles, high spatial resolution orthophotos derived from structure-from-motion photography could be used to identify the location of gully heads and corresponding catchment size and local slope values. In the early research, the topographic threshold straight line was eye-fitted through the "lower-most" points in a log-log scatter plot. The negative slope of that line was equal to relative area exponent value. Then the threshold value could be obtained as the intercept. Since this threshold line was manually drawn, it did not have statistical meaning. This method might also be problematic as multiple thresholds could exist, and the threshold line was very sensitive to extreme values. Based on orthogonal regression, the mean threshold line was fitted through the data-points. Then the minimum threshold line was defined either by the lower limit of the 95% prediction confidence interval around the mean threshold line, or parallel line below the lower limit of the scatter of the data. Quantile regression was recommended because it was statistically-based and robust to outliers. Since the domination mechanisms of gully initiation would not change within decades in a certain region, the relative area exponent could be fixed as a constant value. According to this hypothesis, the threshold coefficient of muti-periods could be used to investigate human effect on gully initiation. In China, about 70% of the research was carried out in the Loess Plateau region. The 1:10 000 topographic map was widely used to obtain local slope and catchment size, since this was the most extensive and detailed topographic map currently available. Most studies extracted the threshold conditions by using the eye-fitted line through the "lower-most" points, and few consideration was carried out for the potential errors between different calculation methods. Road construction altered the surface hydrology, and the road surface condition reduced the critical slope for a given drainage area required for gullying. Agricultural reclamation was the main reason for gully development in the Northeastern China, where ridge tillage was widely applied. Contour ridge changed runoff pathways and rearranged drainage networks, and longitudinal ridge accelerated flow concentration. Consideration of ridge-direction effect was important for gully initiation topographic threshold theory applications in this region. Using high-resolution topographic maps and adding the parameters that characterized the human activities effect on concentrated surface runoff could enrich the gully initiation topographic threshold theory. Current gully erosion model could simulate gully development while gully head needed to be mannually located. Hence gully initiation topographic threshold theory could be promoted by combining with such models, since this theory could predict where gully initiated.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:56
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Antennas - Catchments - Climate change - Data acquisition - Drainage - Erosion - Geomorphology - Land use - Maps - Object recognition - Remote sensing - Roads and streets - Runoff - Shear stress - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Catchment area - Gully - Initiation - Slope - Threshold condition
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 406.2 Roads and Streets - 442.1 Flood Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 481.1 Geology - 481.1.1 Geomorphology - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20194607675770
Title:Dynamic change of mineral elements in hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) in different developmental periods
Title of translation:啤酒花中矿物元素在生长期的动态变化研究
Authors:Liu, Zechang (1); Wang, Yao (1, 2); Liu, Yumei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Central Laboratory, Xinjiang Ecology and Geography Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi; 830041, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Yumei(xjdxlym@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:292-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is necessary to investigate the characteristics of absorption and accumulation of mineral elements during the growth of hops, and which is also important for scientific farming and fertilizing to get these valuable data or rules. In this study, a total of twenty-two mineral elements (Al, Pb, As, Cd, Ba, Ni, Mn, Cu, Sr, Co, Cr, Zn, Li, V, Fe, Ga, Rb, Cs, K, Ca, Na and Mg) derived from different hops samples were determined by using the methods of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The varieties of hops for investigating were Tsingtao Flower, SA-1 and Marco Polo, which are three main hops varieties cultivated in Xinjiang, China; and hops samples were collected from different planting areas in different developmental periods. Results of the methodological evaluation showed that the established method was accurate and reliable, which could meet the requirements for simultaneous determination of multi-element derived from hops. The result of this study indicated that the content of the 22 analyzed elements in hops showed significant variation in the whole developmental periods of hops. And results also indicated that hops may have the characteristics of "areal differentiation" and "period differentiation" in the absorption and accumulation of these mineral elements. Specifically, the content of Sr, Na, Rb, Li, Ba, Ga, Co and V was greatly influenced by planting areas. Furthermore, during the whole developmental periods, all analyzed hops samples did not accumulate or absorb heavy metals such as Cd and Pb. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to further investigate the relationships between the 22 mineral elements and hops maturity, as well as planting areas. The results of PCA indicated that the first three principal components could explain 84.36% of the total variance, which could be used as the feature vectors. And the elements of Ba, Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Zn, Li, Fe, Ga, Rb, Cs and Ca showed great contribution on the first principal component; the elements of Li, K, Na and Mg showed great contribution on the second principal component; Al, Pb and V showed important contribution on the third principal component. However, elements of Cd, Sr and Cr showed little contribution on the first three principal components, which indicated that these mineral elements were non-characteristic components in hops samples and there was no significant relationship with the growth stages of hops. The result of sample score showed that the scatter plot made up by PC 1 and PC 2 could be used for distinguishing the hops samples with different planting areas; the scatter plot made up by PC 1 and PC 3 could be used for differentiating the maturity of hops, and the result was affected little by the hops varieties and planting areas. Moreover, the PCA results also indicated that the elements of Mg, K, Li and Na made great contributions on distinguishing the planting areas of hops, and the elements of Al, Pb and V showed significant value on evaluating the maturity of hops. However, the result also showed that it is hard to discriminate the difference of hops varieties only by using the discrepancy of the mineral elements, but which may be further realized by combining with other components.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Atomic emission spectroscopy - Heavy metals - Inductively coupled plasma - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - Minerals - Sodium
Uncontrolled terms:Developmental periods - Dynamic changes - First principal components - Hops - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometries (ICPMS) - Principal Components - Simultaneous determinations
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 932.3 Plasma Physics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.44e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20194607675858
Title:Identification of Zanthoxylum bungeanum origin based on gas sensor
Title of translation:气体传感器鉴别花椒产地研究
Authors:Pang, Tao (1); Yang, Xiao (1); Chen, Xiaoyan (2, 3); Tao, Huailiang (1); Li, Mengliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625000, China; (2) College of Information and Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625000, China; (3) The Lab of Agricultural Information Engineering, Sichuan Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an; 625000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xiaoyan(chenxy@sicau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:267-272
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the identification of the origin of Zanthoxylum bungeanum is basically based on sensory evaluation, lack of objectivity, and it is difficult to quantify standardize when applying, and is difficult for non-professionals to make judgments. Therefore, in this paper, a smart device to quickly identify Zanthoxylum bungeanum was designed and developed. The device was based on the gas sensor array, including a control module, a temperature module, a data storage module, a fan module, and a display module, it could not only independently detect and identify the odor information of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum, but also distinguish the same kind of Zanthoxylum bungeanum from different places. The sensor array contained seven gas sensors, which could respond to irritating gases emitted by Zanthoxylum bungeanums such as benzene, alkanes, alcohols, and aldehydes. When the temperature was stable at about 26 degrees Celsius, it could effectively collect information on the odor emitted by Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Each group of Zanthoxylum bungeanum samples was collected 50 times, and the average value, the maximum value, and the minimum value were taken as sample recording parameters. In this paper, four kinds of Zanthoxylum bungeanums were selected as experimental subjects. Two kinds of green Zanthoxylum bungeanums were from Ludian in Yunnan and Hanyuan in Sichuan. At the same time, the two kinds of red Zanthoxylum bungeanums were from Hancheng in Shaanxi and Hanyuan in Sichuan. A total of 220 samples were collected as training sets, including 40 red Zanthoxylum bungeanums in Shaanxi and 60 samples in the remaining three samples. Another 80 samples were taken as the verification set, the number of samples for each Zanthoxylum bungeanum was 20 in the verification set as well. The detection data were processed using principal component analysis (PCA) and Wilks statistical analysis. Five principal components were extracted, and the cumulative contribution rate was 94.41%. The average accuracy rate of the training model corresponding to the Fisher discriminant model was only 88.6%, and the verification set was 90%. As a comparison, the Wilks statistical analysis finally eliminated 13 variables as well as selected 8 variables, and only TGS2611 sensor acquisition was not used. The average accuracy of the Fisher model training set was 91.82%, and the validation set was 95%. The results of the comparison of the two models indicate that the variables screened by Wilks are more effective in discriminating the Zanthoxylum bungeanum field. Among the four kinds of Zanthoxylum bungeanums, the recognition rate of Yunnan green Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Hanyuan red Zanthoxylum bungeanum was relatively lower than the others, and there was a phenomenon that the boundary data overlaps in the discrimination result graph. Then, to solve the problem, a Fisher discriminant model with cross-validation was established for the variables selected by Wilks statistic. In addition, the average accuracy rate reached 97.27%. Finally, the model was transplanted to the collection device to complete the identification device of intelligent Zanthoxylum bungeanum variety. It was a simple and efficient method for identifying Zanthoxylum bungeanum varieties and could provide a testing instrument and theoretical basis for further research on the origin and classification of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Crops - Digital storage - Display devices - Electronic nose - Gas detectors - Gases - Instrument testing - Odor control - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Data storage modules - Experimental subjects - Fisher discriminant - Fisher discriminant models - Principal Components - Recording parameters - Sensor acquisition - Testing instrument
Classification code:722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.18e+01%, Percentage 9.44e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Temperature 2.99e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20194607675821
Title:Ecological security evaluation and ecological regulation approach in Xilin Gol League
Title of translation:锡林郭勒盟生态安全评价及生态调控途径
Authors:Shi, Nana (1); Xiao, Nengwen (1); Wang, Qi (1); Han, Yu (1); Gao, Xiaoqi (1); Quan, Zhanjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Ecological Processes and Functions Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing; 100012, China
Corresponding author:Quan, Zhanjun(quanzj@craes.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:228-236
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the concept framework of natural ecology and human disturbance, ecological security evaluation model in XilinGol League was constructed to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of ecological security during 2000-2015. The spatial agglomeration state was analyzed by local spatial autocorrelation, and then the trajectory of the ecological security center was tracked by the gravity center migration model. Finally, ecological regulation was put forward. The results showed that: 1) the spatial distribution of ecological security is significantly different, and the northeast is high, and southwest is low. They presents a trend of spatial agglomeration; the high-high value area is adjacent to the low-low value area; 2) the ecological security value is rising, and the ecological security is improved, but the general security area is still widely distributed; 3) the center of ecological security is mainly located in Xiwuzhumuqin Banner, and it moved northeast. the center of insecurity is moving southwest to Abaga Banner; 4) Land use is the main driving force for the change of ecological security. It is suggested to carry out regional ecological regulation, implement "one region one policy" and implement a new mode of ecological protection and social coordinated development. The overall ecological security situation in Xilin Gol League has improved and partially deteriorated. National policies have directive impacts on regional ecological protection and development. Although some achievements have been made in ecological protection, the intensity of ecological protection is far from enough because of the strong interference of human activities. The effect of ecological protection and restoration projects such as returning farmland to forests and natural forest protection implemented by the state has gradually emerged, which is an important driving force affecting the ecological security of Xilin Gol League. For example, NDVI showed an overall growth trend from 2000 to 2015, especially since 2010, the NDVI growth trend was obvious, which promoted ecosystem recovery to a certain extent. Therefore, we should take ecological restoration as an opportunity to accelerate the restoration of natural ecosystems, enhance ecosystem services and build regional ecological security pattern. The shift of the focus on ecological security to the northeast is mainly due to the enhancement of ecological response, rather than the decrease of ecological pressure. Therefore, when carrying out ecological regulation, we should adopt the regulation mode of coordinated development of ecological security and society in accordance with the principle of "one region, one policy"; relying on existing ecological protection and construction projects, we should build an ecological security decision support system oriented by early warning, regulation and management of ecological security. In the follow-up, we can further divide the control zones, clarify the ecological spatial orientation, control objectives and control measures, make rational use of ecological resources, and enhance the ecological support of regional social development. Land use is one of the main driving forces for spatio-temporal change of ecological security. The urbanization rate of Xilin Gol League has been continuously increasing, reaching 63% in 2015. In addition, Xilin Gol League is a resource-based area based on coal mining. In 2000-2010, the area of industrial and mining land increased by 117.74 km<sup>2</sup>, 68.68%, respectively. During 2010-2015, the area increased by 34.41 km<sup>2</sup>, with an increase rate of 11.90%. Based on the ecological zoning, according to the ecological characteristics and ecological carrying capacity of each zoning, ecological security control countermeasures and approaches are formulated in XilinGol League. The six zones are core conservation area, and the ecological protection measures should be strictly implemented in all zones to make rational use of resources and promote regional ecological security.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Spatial variables measurement
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Artificial intelligence - Autocorrelation - Coal deposits - Conservation - Decision support systems - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Ecosystems - Forestry - Land use - Project management - Restoration - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological carrying capacity - Ecological characteristics - Ecological restoration - Ecological security - Gravity centers - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatio-temporal changes - Xilin Gol League
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 912.2 Management - 921 Mathematics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.18e+08m2, Area 3.44e+07m2, Percentage 1.19e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 6.87e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20194607675862
Title:Rice moisture content detection method based on dielectric properties and SPA-SVR algorithm
Title of translation:基于介电特性与SPA-SVR算法的水稻含水率检测方法
Authors:Zhang, Benhua (1); Qian, Changqian (1); Jiao, Jinkang (1); Ding, Zhaohe (1); Zhang, Yang (1); Cui, Hongguang (1); Liu, Cuihong (1); Feng, Longlong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:237-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water content affects rice quality, which also has an important impact on rice storage, transportation, acquisition and processing. The annual loss of production caused by grain deterioration was up to 10 million tons, and the economic loss was up to 20 billion. Therefore, detecting rice moisture content accurately is beneficial to improve rice quality and reduce yield loss. A new method based on dielectric properties was proposed to detect the moisture content of rice in this study. Firstly, the dielectric properties (relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor) of 120 copies of rice of Japonica No.3 with different moisture contents were measured with impedance analyzer and self-made coaxial cylindrical capacitor at 201 discrete frequencies over the frequency range of 1 kHz-1 MHz, and the moisture contents of rice were measured by dry weight method. Secondly, sample set partitioning based on joint x-y distances (SPXY) was used to subset partitioning. Uninformative variables elimination (UVE) and successive projection algorithm (SPA) were applied to extract the characteristic variables of dielectric parameters ((the relative dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor and relative dielectric constant combined with dielectric loss factor). And the effect of SPA was compared with that of UVE to determine the optimal method for characteristic variable selection simultaneously. Finally, the support vector regression (SVR) machine and multiple linear regression (MLR) were adopted to establish the relationship models with two kinds of characteristic variables, single variables and full variables for predicting rice moisture content. And the performances of all the models were evaluated by the determination coefficient and root mean square error for calibration set and prediction set. The least square method was used for linear regression of predicted moisture content and measured moisture content at different temperatures, and the temperature compensation was carried out for the prediction results. The performances of the best model to predict different varieties of rice moisture content were explored to determine the applicability of the model. The research results showed that the relative dielectric constant decreased with the increase of the measurement frequency between 1kHz and 1MHz. When the frequency was greater than 300 kHz, the dielectric loss factor decreased with the increase of frequency and increased with the increase of water content. The measurement frequency and moisture content had an obvious effect on the dielectric properties of rice. Based on SPXY, 72 samples were partitioned to a calibration set and 48 samples to a prediction set. SPA was more effective than UVE in selecting useful information from the whole spectra of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. The model established by using the combination of relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor at multiple frequencies had better performance in predicting moisture content, which compared with the single dielectric parameter at a single frequency. Compared with MLR, SVR had better performance in predicting moisture content. The results showed that the support vector machine regression model based on the combination of relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor and SPA gave the highest correlation coefficient of predication set (0.980) and the lowest root mean square error of predication set (0.403%). When the best model was used to predict the water content of different varieties of rice, the prediction results were more accurate. Compared with the measured water content by the drying method, the prediction error was concentrated within ±0.5%. The study provided a reference for improving the accuracy of the grain moisture detection device.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Moisture determination
Controlled terms:Calibration - Deterioration - Dielectric devices - Dielectric losses - Dielectric properties - Electric insulation testing - Errors - Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Grain (agricultural product) - Least squares approximations - Linear regression - Losses - Mean square error - Moisture - Support vector machines - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Different moisture contents - Multiple linear regressions - Relative dielectric constant - Rice - Successive projection algorithms - Support vector machine regressions - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:708.1 Dielectric Materials - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.00e+03Hz to 1.00e+06Hz, Frequency 3.00e+05Hz, Percentage 4.03e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20194607675829
Title:Establishment of velocity function of partially-filled flow in circular pipe based on simulation and physical model experiment
Title of translation:基于仿真及物理模型试验构建圆形断面管道非满流流速函数
Authors:Ding, Falong (1); Mao, Zeyu (1); Han, Kai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:55-61
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Velocity distribution of cross-section in open channel is not only the basis of accurate measurement of flow rate, but also the basic problem of studying the hydraulic characteristics of open channel. In order to explore the cross-sectional velocity distribution of partially-filled flow in circular pipe, a 3-D turbulent mathematical model and numerical solution method, verified by measured data, were adopted to simulate the partially-filled flow in circular pipe with different combinations of slopes and filling ratios. By comparison of the measured values and calculated values, the results showed that in a circular pipe with diameter 0.4 m, bottom slope 0.004, and flow rate 0.246 m<sup>3</sup>/s (corresponding filling ratio 0.47), the maximum relative error between the calculated velocities and measured values on all vertical lines was within the plus or minus 4.2%, and the maximum relative error between the calculated turbulent kinetic energy and measured values on all vertical lines was within the plus or minus 4.85%, suggesting that mathematical model and its parameters for simulation of the velocity distribution had higher calculation accuracy. The simulation results showed that cross-sectional velocity distribution was very sensitive to the filling ratio. The larger filling ratio would lead to more obvious dip phenomenon of maximum vertical velocity. When the filling ratio was lower than 0.5, no dip phenomenon occurred. When the filling ratio exceeded 0.5, the dip phenomenon became more obvious. This was because when the filling degree exceeded 0.5, the constraint effect of the side wall on the water surface was enhanced, and the secondary flow in the section was more obvious. There also showed obvious differences in the forms of vertical velocity distribution at different transverse positions, especially those close to the boundary wall, which was caused by the enhanced constraint effect of the concave side wall. Vertical profiles of time-averaged longitudinal velocity among various cases had very good similarity, and the profile curves were close to the feature of parabolic function. Influenced by factors such as section geometry and hydraulic characteristics, although the velocity distribution of each vertical line had a good similarity, the empirical coefficients by parabolic regression analysis that determined the shape of the velocity distribution curve on the specific vertical line had changed a lot. Multi-factor analysis of variance was conducted to the undetermined coefficients in parabolic function, which showed they were mainly affected by transverse position of vertical lines and filling ratio of cross section. According to the affecting degree of filling ratio and transverse position to the empirical coefficients, the cross sections of the partially-filled flow were divided into the central areas and the side wall areas along the transverse direction. Moreover, the dividing lines between central area and side wall area when the filling ratio was less than 0.5 was different from that when the filling ratio was greater than 0.5. Analysis of variance showed that the empirical coefficients of the central area were linearly correlated with the transverse position and the filling ratio, while the coefficients of the side wall area were mainly affected by the transverse position of the vertical line, and basically independent of the filling ratio. By means of regression analysis, the velocity parabolic distribution formula on vertical lines in partially-filled flow were established, and the determination methods of each coefficients were given. The calculated values of vertical velocity distribution areas were in good agreement with the measured values, which indicated that the parabolic vertical velocity distribution law was reliable. Parabolic function could better reflect the velocity distribution along vertical lines of partially filled flow in circular pipe. Application of the parabolic function to obtain flow rate on cross section, cannot only overcome the irrationality of Manning formula, but also was more easier than logarithmic law to be used in engineering calculation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Velocity distribution
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Canals - Factor analysis - Filling - Flow rate - Flow velocity - Kinetic energy - Kinetics - Numerical methods - Open channel flow - Regression analysis - Velocity - Wall flow
Uncontrolled terms:Circular - Hydraulic characteristic - Numerical solution method - Partially-filled flow - Physical model experiments - Turbulent kinetic energy - Undetermined coefficients - Vertical velocity distribution
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.20e+00%, Percentage 4.85e+00%, Size 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20194607675790
Title:Group-housed pigs image segmentation method by recognizing watershed ridge lines on boundary
Title of translation:基于边界脊线识别的群养猪黏连图像分割方法
Authors:Han, Shuqing (1); Zhang, Jianhua (1); Kong, Fantao (1); Zhang, Tengfei (2); Wu, Hailing (2); Shan, Jiajia (3); Wu, Jianzhai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Chengdu Ruixu Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd., Shanghai; 201899, China; (3) School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin; 124221, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Jianzhai(wujianzhai@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:161-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With increasing awareness and strict regulation of environmental protection, swine production management is becoming more and more intensified. The development of large-scale farming has brought new challenges to breeding managers. Manual pig counting and recognition of pigs' abnormal behaviors are becoming difficult in larger-scale farm. Automatic counting and pig behavior recognition can save manpower and greatly improve management efficiency. Image segmentation and splitting of touching pigs is the key to realize automatic counting and behavior recognition in group-housed pigs. In this study, the methods of pig image segmentation based on decision trees and splitting of touching pigs by recognizing watershed ridge lines on the boundary were proposed. The experiments were carried out in a commercial pig breeding farm belongs to one partner of Chengdu Ruixu Electronic Technology Co. Ltd.. A Hikvision camera was set above a pen at the height of 3 m relative to the ground. Six min video of group-housed pigs was recorded on August 16th, 2018. Frame rate was 25 frame/s. Image frames extracted from the video were processed in a computer (configured with Intel Core i7-4790 CPU (central processing unit), 3.6 GHz) with Matlab R2017a. The image processing mainly included foreground pigs segmentation and splitting of touching pigs. The foreground pigs were segmented by using Decision-Tree-based Segmentation Model (DTSM). After foreground pigs segmentation, the images were used for splitting of touching pigs. Firstly, touching pigs' connected regions were extracted by evaluating the complexity of each connected region. Secondly, the candidates of segmentation lines were detected by marker-controlled watershed segmentation. Thirdly, segmentation lines were determined by their segmentation performance and shape descriptors, including linearity and total number of Harris corners. Finally, selected segmentation lines were used to split the touching pigs and automatic counting was conducted. To evaluate the segmentation performance of DTSM, the segmentation results of DTSM were compared with the results of Otsu and Maximum entropy methods. Twenty five image frames with touching pigs were analyzed to evaluate the performance of segmentation lines recognition. To evaluate the performance of automatic counting, 60 image frames extracted from the video in a 6 s time interval were processed. The result of foreground pigs segmentation indicated that DTSM could remove the complex background effectively and achieved better segmentation performance than Otsu and Maximum entropy methods. The segmentation accuracy (SR) of watershed ridge lines recognition was 89.4%. The contours of separated touching pigs were well saved. The segmentation missing rate (SMR) was 30%, Because pig bodies were heavily overlapped by others in three image frames, this made the recognition of segmentation lines become difficult. SMR was 5.3% if the three image frames were removed from the total 25 images frames used for the recognition of segmentation lines. Location and distribution in pens of group-housed pigs can be obtained by calculating the centroid of connected area and Delaunay triangulation method. Counting mean error (CME) was 0.58, root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.89, average counting time (ACT) was 0.39 s and counting accuracy (CA) was 98.33%. The results showed that this method could be used to automatically count the total number of pigs in pens which was valuable information for breeders and managers in large-scale farming. By locating an individual pig in a pen continuously, trajectory can be plotted and its behaviors can be recognized. This study provides a new method to realize automatic counting and behavior recognition in group-housed pigs.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Behavioral research - Decision trees - Environmental regulations - Image coding - Image processing - Mammals - Managers - Maximum entropy methods - Mean square error - Program processors
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic counting - Delaunay triangulation method - Electronic technologies - Group-housed pigs - Livestock production - Marker-controlled watershed segmentation - Ridge lines - Segmentation performance
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.4 Personnel - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.60e+09Hz, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 8.94e+01%, Percentage 9.83e+01%, Size 3.00e+00m, Time 3.90e-01s, Time 6.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20194607675860
Title:Analysis on effects of African swine fever on China's pig market and industry development
Title of translation:非洲猪瘟对中国生猪市场和产业发展影响分析
Authors:Zhu, Zengyong (1); Li, Mengxi (1); Zhang, Xuebiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Information Institute of CAAS, Key Lab of Digital Agricultural Early Warning Technology of MOA, Key Lab of Digital Agricultural Early Warning Technology and System of CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xuebiao(zhangxuebiao@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:205-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China's pig industry is facing the pressure and challenges from the epidemic situation of African swine fever (ASF) and environmental protection. In the next 2 years, the supply of pork will be tight for the quick significant decreasing of breeding sows inventory, especially in South China for the African swine fever and the pork outputs in 2019 and 2020 are predicted to decrease by about 20% and 22%-25%, respectively. The price of live pig will enter a new round of rising cycle quickly and reach the climax in the third quarter of next year. Thus, the net income will be at a good level for 3 consecutive years. In short term, the oversupply and tight supply of pork in production and consumption area showed alternatively and the live pig price in different provinces showed the same rising trend after significant different price trends of rising and decreasing. Profound changes have taken place in the distribution of pig production and slaughter, circulation pattern, consumption structure, pork trade and price cycle in long term. For regionalization control policy of the African swine fever, the pig industry in Northeast and Southwest of China will be vertically integrated, and the slaughtering capacity will be transferred from the sales area to the production area and optimized. Pork consumption habit will have to be adjusted to fresh chilled meat for the pig products transportation across provinces have to change from live pig to pork. The ratio of pork among the total meat consumption decreased from 62.7% in 2018 to 50%-55% in 2020 for the replacement of poultry meat. For the gap of pork supply and demand, as well as the price rising, China's pork import is predicted to reach 2 and 3 million tons in 2019 and 2020, respectively and in the future will maintain higher level even after the pig production capability recovery. The recovery of pig inventory will be slowed down for low breeding sows inventory, high disease risk and lacking of vaccine. To ensure the stability of the pork market and efficient implementation of regionalization control policy of ASF, the top-level design and legislation of regionalization control should be strengthened as well as the community veterinary system in rural areas and the subsidizing mechanism of mandatory culling pigs should be optimized and thus the risk of disease transmission could be reduced by the joint prevention among the government, enterprise and pig farmer, to promote the sustainable development of the pig industry.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Meats
Controlled terms:Commerce - Disease control - Environmental protection - Mammals - Marketing - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:African swine fever - Pig industry - Pork consumption - Pork imports - Price cycle
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 822.3 Food Products - 911.4 Marketing
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 5.50e+01%, Percentage 6.27e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20194607675826
Title:Analysis and experiment on influencing factors on power of ditching parts for 1K-50 orchard ditching
Title of translation:1K-50型果园开沟机开沟部件功耗影响因素分析与试验
Authors:Liu, Dawei (1, 2); Xie, Fangping (1, 2); Ye, Qiang (1); Ren, Shuguang (1, 2); Li, Xu (1, 2); Liu, Minzhang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery of Hunan Province, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Ren, Shuguang(shgren2005@yahoo.com.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:19-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:1K-50 orchard ditching machine with the characteristics of compact structure and convenient operation and transfer has been developed to use in the low and narrow environment of orchards in southern China, which operated in the way of double rotary tillage wheel structure and reverse rotary cutting of soil. In the application process of 1K-50 orchard ditching machine, it was found that the machine could meet the requirement of maximum ditching depth 0.5 m in orchards with small soil solidity, while in vineyards with large soil solidity, the maximum ditching depth was about 0.2 m, and there was aggravated machine vibration. It is necessary to explore the factors which have an effect on the process of cutting and throwing soil, and then optimize the working parameters and structural parameters of the knife roller. In this paper, a mechanical model of cutting, transporting and throwing soil was established to analyze the power consumption of the ditching parts, and obtain the functional relationship between the power consumption of the ditching parts and the working parameters of the whole machine, the structural parameters of the knife roller and the mechanical properties of the soil. A testing device for power consumption of trenching components based on soil tank test bench was built to simulate the soil environment of vineyard with the solidity of 950 kPa. Roller speed, forward speed, ditching depth and type of the knife roller as test factors were selected, and effects of the factors on power consumption were studied under different structural parameters and working conditions by the single factor test, and four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design. The factors affecting power consumption of ditching components in order were the type of knife rollers > forward speed > speed of knife rollers > depth of ditching. Through range analysis of data, the optimal combination of parameters for power consumption was obtained by the D<inf>3</inf> type knife roller, the speed of the knife roller of 150 r/min, the forward speed of 0.06 m/s and the ditching depth of 0.15 m. Under the optimal combination parameters, the average power consumption of the ditching parts is about 1.22 kW. The horizontal values of each group of test factors in the orthogonal test table were substituted into the power consumption analytic formula. The power consumption values were calculated numerically by using the software of MATLAB, and the range analysis was carried out. The primary and secondary order of the factors affecting power consumption was the same as that of the bench test results. Under the same conditions, the power consumption between the numerical calculation values and the bench test values were obtained. The maximum and the minimum relative errors were 12.86% and 2.00% respectively. It verified that the theoretical model of power consumption had high accuracy. The research can provide the reference for improving the machine and designing the small-scale trencher in forest orchard.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Electric power utilization - Experiments - MATLAB - Orchards - Rollers (machine components) - Soils - Speed - Structural analysis - Trenching
Uncontrolled terms:Application process - Ditching parts - Functional relationship - Numerical calculation - Optimal combination - Orthogonal experimental design - Structural parameter - Theoretical modeling
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Power 1.22e+03W, Pressure 9.50e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Velocity 6.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20194607675872
Title:Appropriate design for obstruction length-to-wetland length ratio in free-water-surface constructed wetlands based on environmental fluid dynamics code
Title of translation:环境流体动力学模拟优选人工湿地设计中隔板湿地长度比
Authors:Wan, Di (1); Cui, Yuanlai (1); Guo, Changqiang (2); Ma, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Yuanlai(YLCui@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:62-69
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In practical engineering design, obstruction baffles are usually used in free-water-surface constructed wetlands (FWS CWs) to cut the width in half and double the length, thus the aspect ratio (length/width) increased fourfold. The length of the obstruction is often set to difference between boundary length and half the boundary width. In order to explore the design method's reasonability and get an optimal value, the tests of FWS CWs under different aspect ratios are needed. In this study, we explored the influence of obstruction length-to-wetland length ratio (OL/WL) and aspect ratio on the hydraulic performance of FWS CWs. The environmental fluid dynamics code (EFDC) was used to establish the hydrodynamic model and water quality model of FWS CWs. Based on the tracer data and pollutant data of 12 FWS CWs, the calibration and verification of model parameters were carried out through sensitivity analysis and manual parameter adjustment. 2 kinds of wetlands named model wetlands and actual wetlands were established. 6 different areas and aspect ratios were set for the model wetlands, and the same as the actual wetlands. Each model wetland was provided with an obstruction, while the actual wetlands had no obstruction. The actual wetland corresponded to the model wetland one by one, that was, the aspect ratio of actual wetland was 4 times of the corresponding model wetland. The purpose of the simulation was to find an appropriate OL/WL that increased the aspect ratio of the model wetland to 4 times by comparing the hydraulic and treatment performance of the model wetlands and actual wetlands. The model wetland was simulated with multiple OL/WL to find the ratio that could make the model wetland and the actual wetland had the closest hydraulic and treatment performance. In addition, the hydraulic index, namely effective volume ratio, short circuit indicator, Morril dispersion index and moment index, were used to evaluate the similarity between the hydraulic performance of the 2 kinds wetlands. Similarly, the removal rates of total nitrogen and total phosphorous were used to evaluate the treatment performance's similarity. The results showed that: 1) The sensitive parameters affecting the hydraulic performance were background horizontal eddy viscosity, dimensionless horizontal momentum diffusion, wall roughness and bottom roughness, and those affecting the treatment performance were maximum nitrification rate, reference temperature for nitrification and constant benthic flux rate of phosphorous. Among the 12 groups, 7 groups were satisfactory or better in hydrodynamic model with correlation coefficient higher than 0.7, Nash-Suttcliffe higher than 0.4, and relative error smaller than 20%; and 10 groups were satisfactory or better in water quality model. The calibrated and verified EFDC model could be used to simulate the hydrodynamic process and purification process of FWS CWs. 2) The 4 hydraulic index had good consistencies. As the increase of OL/WL, effective volume ratio, short circuit indicator and moment index increased and Morril dispersion index decreased. The larger the effective volume ratio, short circuit indicator and moment index would lead to smaller morril dispersion index and better hydraulic performance, which indicated the hydraulic performance increased with the increase of OL/WL. 3) The removal rate of total nitrogen and the phosphorous didn't change greatly as the OL/WL increased. 4) Changing the area had great impact on the treatment performance. 5) When the aspect ratio ranged from 1, 2, 4 to 4, 8, 16, the appropriate OL/WL was 0.675, 0.850, 0.938, which was different from the values of 0.5, 0.75, 0.875 in the traditional test design or engineering application.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Aspect ratio
Controlled terms:Design - Diffusion in liquids - Hydrodynamics - Nitrification - Nitrogen - Nitrogen removal - Optimization - Phosphorus - Sensitivity analysis - Surface roughness - Water quality - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Constructed wetlands - Efdc models - Hydraulic performance - Length ratio - Treatment effects
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20194607675791
Title:Review on sensing detection progress of "lean meat agent" based on functional nanomaterials
Title of translation:功能纳米材料的"瘦肉精"传感检测技术研究进展
Authors:Zhao, Jie (1, 2); Liang, Gang (1, 2); Li, An (1, 2); Man, Yan (1, 2); Jin, Xinxin (1, 2); Pan, Ligang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Ministry of Agriculture, Risk Assessment Lab for Agro-products (Beijing), Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Ligang(panlg@brcast.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:255-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The "lean meat agents" is a class of β-agonists with a similar structure, which had been abused as an animal growth promoter to improve carcass lean meat rate. However, the drug residue accumulation in meat and body tissues would cause acute poisoning after eating, which gave rise to muscular pain, dizziness, cardiacpalpitation and vomiting, so China has banned its application for growth promotion in animal breeding processes since 2010. But the illegal abuse of "lean meat agents" still frequently occurs in some animal farms. Besides, the plenty of substitutes and increasingly concealing performance still pose a great threat to the safety of animal products and human health. The frequently abused ''lean meat agents'' include clenbuterol (CLE), ractopamine (RAC), salbutamol (SAL), terbutaline, cimaterol, phenylethanolamine A, etc. At present, various analytical methods have been developed to detect the drug residue, including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), lateral flow chromatography, surface-enhanced Raman immunity, and molecular imprinting polymers, and so on. While these chromatographic methods all require complicated sample pre-treatments, which is not only laborious and time consuming but also sophisticated and large apparatus. Thus, they are most often used as precise quantitative and confirmatory methods, and not fit to the rapid screening. The ELISA and lateral flow chromatography are suitable for field analysis and extensive screening, but the sensitivity is not unsatisfactory in most time. So the routine methods have been unable to meet the requirements of multiple application scenarios and the complex sample substrates. In the past decades, the nanotechnology has made great progress. The functional nanomaterials possess a lot of extraordinary property, such as large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent electrical conductivity, high chemical stability, good biological compatibility, etc. At the time, sensors have interdisciplinary applications in many fields, including chemistry, biology and electronics, industry, agriculture, clinical medicine, environmental protection, food safety jaince and the other fields. The special structure and properties of functional nanomaterials have greatly improved the performance of the existing sensing technologies, making the sensing technologies develop towards the direction of sensitivity, efficiency, simplicity, low cost and increasing anti-interference ability. In addition, the sensing instrument is easier to be miniaturized, portable and automatic, combining with the functional nanomaterials, which is expected to achieve real-time, online, simple, sensitive, high-flux and portable drug residue detection, having a promising application prospects. So far, the wide and common use functional nanomaterials in sensing detection include gold nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots and other new nanomaterials (such as Phosphorene, Janus nanoparticles, CeO<inf>2</inf> nanoparticles), so the above-mentioned functional nanomaterials were summarized with the various detection principle of sensing test, such as colorimetric methods, surface enhanced Raman scattering, immunoassay, electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence methods in this review. In generally, functional nanomaterials and composite nanomaterials usually improve sensor performance from the following aspects, as a reaction substrate, load the specific molecular recognition, improve electrical conductivity, surface enhancement effect, signal conduction properties, catalytic properties and good biocompatibility, and so on. In the future, in order to improve the performance of sensor, the functional nanomaterials can be improved in the following aspects. Firstly, the specificity of the nanomaterials in free-label sensor should be enhanced to ensure the detection methods suitable to the needs of actual detection. Secondly, development and screening of new kind of functional nanomaterial, or synthesis the nanomaterial contains two or more elements or has special structure, to obtain the superior performance. Thirdly, make further study of the strengthening mechanism of nanomaterial, and innovate the modification methods for identifying molecules. With the rapid development in nanotechnology, the functional nanomaterials in sensing technology will make greater function to develop more sensitive, accurate, simple, high throughput and low-cost detection methods for drug residue detection.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:96
Main heading:Nanostructured materials
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Animals - Biocompatibility - Capillary electrophoresis - Cerium oxide - Chemical stability - Chromatographic analysis - Costs - Diagnosis - Drug delivery - Electric conductivity - Gas chromatography - Health risks - High performance liquid chromatography - Immunology - Mass spectrometry - Meats - Nanoparticles - Nanotechnology - Nondestructive examination - Organic polymers - Petroleum prospecting - Raman scattering - Semiconductor quantum dots - Sensors - Substrates - Surface scattering
Uncontrolled terms:Enzyme linked immunoassays - Functional Nano materials - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometries (GC-MS) - Lean meat agents - Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry - Molecular imprinting polymer - Non destructive inspection - Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 741.1 Light/Optics - 761 Nanotechnology - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 822.3 Food Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20194607675767
Title:Detection of facial gestures of group pigs based on improved Tiny-YOLO
Title of translation:基于改进Tiny-YOLO模型的群养生猪脸部姿态检测
Authors:Yan, Hongwen (1); Liu, Zhenyu (1); Cui, Qingliang (2); Hu, Zhiwei (1); Li, Yanwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:169-179
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The face of the pig contains rich biometric information, and the detection of the facial gestures can provide a basis for the individual identification and behavior analysis of the pig. Detection of facial posture can provide basis for individual recognition and behavioral analysis of pigs. However, under the scene of group pigs breeding, there always have many factors, such as pig house lighting and pig adhesion, which brings great challenges to the detection of pig face. In this paper, we take the group raising pigs in the real breeding scene as the research object, and the video frame data is used as the data source. Latter we propose a new detection algorithm named DAT-YOLO which based on the attention mechanism and Tiny-YOLO model, and channel attention and spatial attention information are introduced into the feature extraction process. High-order features guide low-order features for channel attention information acquisition, and low-order features in turn guide high-order features for spatial attention screening, meanwhile the model parameters don't have significant increase, the model feature extraction ability is improved and the detection accuracy is improved. We collect 504 sheets total 3 712 face area picture for the 5 groups of 20 days to 3 and a half months of group health pig video extraction, the number of pigs is 35. In order to obtain the model input data set, we perform a two-step pre-processing operation of filling pixel values and scaling for the captured video. The model outputs are divided into six classes, which are horizontal face, horizontal side-face, bow face, bow side-face, rise face and rise side-face. The results show that for the test set, the detection precision(AP) reaches 85.54%, 79.3%, 89.61%, 76.12%, 79.37%, 84.35% of the horizontal face, horizontal side-face, bow face, bow side-face, rise face and rise side-face respectively, and the mean detection precision(mAP) is 8.39%, 4.66% and 2.95% higher than that of the general Tiny-YOLO model, the CAT-YOLO model only refers to channel attention and the SAT-YOLO model only introduces spatial attention respectively. In order to further verify the migration performance of attention on the remaining models, under the same experimental conditions, two attentional information were introduced to construct the corresponding attention sub-models based on the YOLOV3-based model. The experiment shows that compared to the YOLOV3 submodel, the sub-model based on Tiny-YOLO increase by 0.46% to 1.92% in the mAP. The Tiny-YOLO and YOLOV3 series models have different performance improvements after adding attention information, indicating that the attention mechanism is beneficial to the accurate and effective group gestures detection of different groups of pigs. In this study, the data is pseudo-equalized from the perspective of loss function to avoid the data imbalance caused by the number of poses of different facial categories, and actively explore the reasons for the difference in the accuracy of different facial gesture detection. The study can provide reference for the subsequent individual identification and behavior analysis of pigs.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Face recognition
Controlled terms:Behavioral research - Extraction - Feature extraction - Gesture recognition - Image processing - Mammals - Models - Object detection
Uncontrolled terms:Attentional informations - Channel attention - Individual identification - Information acquisitions - Model feature extraction - Pre-processing operations - Spatial attention - Tiny-YOLO
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.95e+00%, Percentage 4.60e-01% to 1.92e+00%, Percentage 4.66e+00%, Percentage 7.61e+01%, Percentage 7.93e+01%, Percentage 7.94e+01%, Percentage 8.39e+00%, Percentage 8.43e+01%, Percentage 8.55e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20194607675839
Title:Effect of ultrasound on supercooling characteristics of calcium lactate-ammonium chloride-water composite phase change materials
Title of translation:超声波改善乳酸钙-氯化铵-水复合相变材料过冷特性
Authors:Zhang, Xuelai (1); Liu, Lu (1); Zhang, Yongyichuan (1); Xu, Xiaofeng (1); Wang, Xiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Cold Storage Research Institute, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai; 201306, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:200-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phase change materials can absorb or release a large amount of latent heat in the process of phase change. They have the advantages of large energy storage density, stable energy storage, small size and easy control. They are widely used in the fields of heat storage and temperature control. Supercooling degree generally exists in phase change materials and affects the cold storage performance of low-temperature phase change cold storage materials. Severe supercooling phenomenon will lead to the inability to release the cold amount of phase change cold storage materials and reduce the energy utilization efficiency. Solving the problem of supercooling of cryogenic phase change storage materials is the key to its better application. It has been proved that supercooling of phase change materials can be solved by adding nucleating agent. In addition to salt nucleating agents, nanometer nucleating agents have attracted more and more attention because they can reduce the supercooling degree of materials and improve the thermal conductivity of materials. In addition, the dispersion effect and cavitation effect of ultrasound can optimize the supercooling characteristics. In order to solve the problem of high supercooling degree of inorganic phase change materials, ultrasonic shock treatment was carried out on the calcium lactate-ammonium chloride - water phase change system and ultrasonic field was added in the solidification process to study the influence of ultrasonic wave on the solidification characteristics of calcium lactate-ammonium chloride - water phase change system. It was found that after increasing ultrasonic shock, the supercooling degree decreased by 0.62℃, the phase transition process lasted for 7 755 s, and the latent heat of phase transition of the solution was 276.2 J/g, increasing by 4.14%. During the solidification of the solution, the ultrasonic phase change system was added and no supercooling occurred. The latent heat of phase change of 8 256 s solution was 283.5 J/g, an increase of 6.9%. Under the action of ultrasonic external field, cavitation bubbles are generated in the phase-change material. With the growth and rupture of cavitation bubbles, micro-jet and local high pressure are caused, which provide local disturbance to the phase-change material, and then induce nucleation of the phase-change material to reduce the subcooling degree. Compared with ultrasonic field, under the effect of ultrasonic phase transformation system of supercooling is instantaneous, that is because the whole liquid region under ultrasonic and cavitation bubbles everywhere at the same time, namely the moment too cold, phase transition time delayed, bubble ceaselessly as the movement of the surrounding medium movement, grew up or suddenly burst, the surrounding liquid into bubbles produced by high temperature and high pressure, and gives off heat. The results showed that adding ultrasonic field in the solidification process of calcium lactate-ammonium chloride-water phase change system could improve the performance of calcium lactate- ammonium chloride-water phase change system.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Phase change materials
Controlled terms:Cavitation - Chlorine compounds - Cold storage - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Heat storage - High pressure effects - High pressure engineering - Latent heat - Polypropylenes - Solidification - Supercooling - Temperature - Thermal conductivity - Thermodynamic properties - Ultrasonics
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonium chloride - Calcium lactate - Composite phase change materials - Energy utilization efficiency - High temperature and high pressure - Phase change latent heat - Solidification characteristics - Subcoolings
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.14e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Specific_Energy 2.76e+05J/kg, Specific_Energy 2.84e+05J/kg, Time 7.76e+03s, Time 8.26e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20194607675780
Title:Characteristics of Cd<sup>2+</sup> sorption/desorption of modified oilrape straw biochar
Title of translation:改性油菜秸秆生物质炭吸附/解吸Cd<sup>2+</sup>特征
Authors:Chen, Xuejiao (1); Lin, Qimei (1, 2); Xiao, Hongyang (1); Rizwan, Muhammad (1); Zhao, Xiaorong (1, 2); Li, Guitong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Lin, Qimei(linqm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:220-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar has recently received much attention as an adsorbent for removing pollutants. It is meaningful to develop innovative biochar with high adsorption capacity through physical, chemical and even biological processes. Based on our previous study, steam explosion was an ideal method to pretreat oil rape straw, because it enhanced the surface area of biochar by approximately 16 times, which was helpful for the adsorption as well as the further modification. In this study, steam exploded oil rape straw was soaked in hydroxyapatiteslurry and KMnO<inf>4</inf> solution prior to biochar production. In addition, the pristine biochar was also modified by chitosan and NaOH solution. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), etc. were used to determine and compare the characteristics of different modified biochars, and then explore the Cd<sup>2+</sup> sorption/desorption mechanisms. The results showed that the elemental composition of biochar was significantly affected by the nature of the modification materials. All the modified biochar had higher H/C and O/C ratios, therefore, it had higher polarity and hydrophilicity. The surface area of biochar derived from hydroxyapatite impregnated feedstocks was 225.68 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Chitosan, KMnO<inf>4</inf> and NaOH modification, however, led to the decrease of surface area and pore volume by 76%-96% and 43%-84%, respectively. All these modification treatments induced in the loading of relevant materials on the biochar surface. For example, hydroxyapatite treatment resulted in the increase of phosphates, while chitosan, KMnO<inf>4</inf> and NaOH modification introduced the acidic oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and -NH<inf>2</inf> as well. Although both positive and negative charges were reduced due to the modification treatment, the Cd<sup>2+</sup> adsorption capacity increased by 13%-315%, and NaOH modified biochar provided the highest value (54.12 mg/g). Batch experiment displayed that the sorption of Cd<sup>2+</sup> by biochar was well fitted to Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup>>0.93) and pseudo-second kinetics (R<sup>2</sup>>0.90), which suggested that the Cd<sup>2+</sup> was immobilized as monolayer on biochar by physicochemical reactions. The initial adsorption constant (K<inf>2</inf>q<inf>e</inf><sup>2</sup>) of the modified biochar was 65%-379% higher than that of pristine biochar, showing that the modified biochars could immobilize Cd<sup>2+</sup> more quickly. The Cd<sup>2+</sup> was mainly adsorbed by the modified biochar through specific coordination rather than columbic force. Therefore, the adsorbed Cd<sup>2+</sup> was much more stable on the modified biochar with a 17%-91% lower desorption rate, compared to the pristine biochar. In conclusion, hydroxyapatite modified biochar showed the potential to quickly capture Cd<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous solution via physical adsorption, cation exchange, and precipitation, which was, however, at a risk of desorption. Chitosan, KMnO<inf>4</inf> and NaOH modified biochars immobilized the Cd<sup>2+</sup> by coordination and complexation, which could be more stable and effective. By comparing the influence of different modification methods on the adsorption/desorption characteristics of Cd<sup>2+</sup> by biochar, our results demonstrate that it was valuable for further using these biochars in environment. However, we recommend to choose the modification method carefully based on the purpose and in case of secondary contamination.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Cadmium compounds
Controlled terms:Adsorption isotherms - Cadmium - Chitosan - Desorption - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Gas adsorption - Heavy metals - Hydroxyapatite - Manganese compounds - Monolayers - Potash - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium hydroxide - Sorption - Spectrometers - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Elemental compositions - Energy dispersive spectrometers - High adsorption capacity - Modification - Modification treatment - Oxygen containing groups - Physicochemical reactions
Classification code:531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01% to 3.15e+02%, Percentage 1.70e+01% to 9.10e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01% to 8.40e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01% to 3.79e+02%, Percentage 7.60e+01% to 9.60e+01%, Specific_Surface_Area 2.26e+05m2/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20194607675845
Title:Analysis of volatile compositions in six edible fragrant plants by GC-MS/GC-O technology
Title of translation:6种食用芳香植物挥发性成分的GC-MS/GC-O分析
Authors:Guo, Xiangyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Xiangyang(xiangyang.guo@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:299-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Volatile constituents are the material basis of fragrant plants with diverse flavors and aroma properties, can present different flavor or aroma characteristics, and also shows outstanding physiological activity and health efficacy on reducing risk of certain chronic disorders, antioxidant effects and antimicrobial activity. In order to study on the differences and similarities of volatile compounds and aroma properties, and also to establish the database of common edible aromatic plants, the volatile compositions from six edible fragrant plants (Peppermint, Ageratum, Basil, Ocimum gratissimum, Chinese mosla herb, Elsholtzia densa Benth.) were investigated by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technology coupled with headspace extraction (HS) for their aroma components, at the same time, their aroma properties were analyzed and descripted by way of gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technology. The results showed that terpenes, alcohols, ketones and aldehydes compounds were the mail volatiles of six edible fragrant plants, and there were also a small amount of esters, heterocyclic and aromatic compounds which were important for its flavor presentation. In summary, these fragrant plants were of spicy, pungent, camphor-like odors, fresh lemon and citrus flavors. The contents of geraniol, citronellol, citral and neral with floral or lemon-like odors were higher in peppermint; l-menthol and estragole which was of woody and anise-like flavor were the main aroma compounds in ageratum; acrylic ester and linalool were the main volatiles in basil, which had a prominent pungency and floral fragrance; the eugenol with clove-like flavor and spicy odor was the abundant volatile in Ocimum gratissimum. D-limonene, citral and γ-terpene with lemon-like odor were the main aroma compounds of Chinese mosla herb, citral and geranial were the main volatiles in Elsholtzia densa Benth., which was of spicy, floral and fresh lemon-like flavor. Characteristic volatile components were of contribution for its special flavor. The volatile compounds in a certain composition and proportion constitute a complete aroma of fragrant plants. The results can provide scientific data for the breeding of characteristic aromatic plants, the improvement of aroma quality and the research of flavor properties.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Gas chromatography
Controlled terms:Aromatic compounds - Aromatization - Citrus fruits - Essential oils - Esters - Extraction - Flavor compounds - Flavors - Gas plants - Health risks - Ketones - Mass spectrometry - Monoterpenes - Odors - Plants (botany) - Volatile organic compounds
Uncontrolled terms:Aroma description - Fragrant plants - Gas chromatography-mass spectrometers - Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) - Headspace extraction
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 522 Gas Fuels - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20194607675819
Title:Distribution characteristics of rotor downwash airflow field under spraying on orchard using unmanned aerial vehicle
Title of translation:无人机果树施药旋翼下洗气流场分布特征研究
Authors:Zhang, Hao (1); Qi, Lijun (1); Wu, Yalei (1); Cheng, Zhenzhen (1); Liu, Wanwan (1); Musiu, Elizabeth (1); Xiao, Yu (1); Yang, Zepeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Qi, Lijun(qilijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:44-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:when the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is used to spray pesticides on orchard, the distribution of rotor downwash airflow filed has significant influence on the spatial movement of the droplet and the adhesion and penetration of the droplet inside the canopy. Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, combined with RNG κ-Ε turbulence model, porous model and sliding mesh technology, the rotor downwash airflow field of a six-rotor plant protection UAV in hover when spraying on orchard was simulated. The simulation was done in the constructed virtual orchard. The characteristics of the airflow field were analyzed in different hovering heights of the UAV, fruit growth stages and natural wind speeds. Verification experiments were carried out through measuring the downwash airflow velocity at marked points. The results showed that: 1) it no longer met the conditions for spraying of the plant protection UAV in hover when the natural wind speed was greater than 3 m/s due to the downwash airflow under the rotor submerged in the natural wind of the environment. 2) Natural wind destroyed the central symmetry of downwash airflow of the rotor, and airflow diffusion appeared along the downwind direction. With the increase of natural wind speed and hovering height, the backward lift distance increased. When the hovering height was 3 m, and the natural wind speed was 1 and 2 m/s, the trailing distance of the rotor under the airflow reached 1 and 2 m respectively; when the natural wind speed was 3 m/s, the trailing distance had been more than 2 m. Under the condition of natural wind speed of 2 m/s, and the hovering height was 3 and 3.5 m, the trailing distances of the rotor under the airflow were not much different, both were both 2 m, but the former was in contact with the target canopy layer, and the latter was not in contact; When the hovering height was 4 m, the trailing distance of airflow had exceeded 2 m. 3) Compared with the state of no natural wind, the velocity distribution at the nozzle was mainly affected by natural wind, but the effect of fruit growth stages was not significant. In addition, the vertical z-direction airflow played a leading role in the target transport of the droplets. The spray head should be installed near 0.2 m directly below the rotor to make the droplets to have large z-direction velocity. 4) After the hovering position of the UAV was adjusted in the upwind direction, the average velocity of the upper, middle and lower airflows in the canopy increased from 1.36, 0.80 m/s, and 0.81 to 3.04 m/s, 2.37 and 1.63 m/s, respectively. The coefficient of variation of velocity distribution in the upper and lower layers decreased from 74.26% and 35.80% to 45.39% and 22.70%, respectively, and the middle layer increased slightly, which was beneficial to achieve target spray. The experimental results showed that there was a good consistency between the experimental and simulated values of downwash airflow velocity at marked points. In conclusion, this paper should provide further reference for the development of the adaptive control technology of plant protection UAV hovering target spraying in a dynamic environment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Aircraft propulsion - Antennas - Computational fluid dynamics - Drops - Fruits - Models - Orchards - Pesticides - Turbulence models - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Velocity - Velocity distribution - Wakes - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow velocity - Coefficient of variation - Computational fluid dynamics methods - Distribution characteristics - Downwash airflow - Dynamic environments - Fruit trees - Porous model
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 653.1 Aircraft Engines, General - 723.5 Computer Applications - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.27e+01%, Percentage 3.58e+01% to 4.54e+01%, Percentage 7.43e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 3.50e+00m, Size 4.00e+00m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.63e+00m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.37e+00m/s, Velocity 3.00e+00m/s, Velocity 8.00e-01m/s, Velocity 8.10e-01m/s to 3.04e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20194607675853
Title:Impact of different mechanical soil preparation methods on physical and chemical properties of soil in low-lying paddy fields and rice yield
Title of translation:机械化整地方式对低洼水田土壤理化性质及水稻产量影响
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1, 2); Jiao, Feng (3); Han, Donglai (4); Sui, Yugang (4); Yang, Xingyu (4); Wang, Xuedong (4); Ding, Dehui (4); Hao, Mingjun (4); Liu, Feng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (4) The 859 Farm of Jiansanjiang Management Bureau, Heilongjiang Province Agricultural Reclamation Administration, Raohe; 155700, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Feng(liufengjms@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:70-77
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Located in the east of Heilongjiang Province, the Sanjiang Plain is an alluvial low plain formed by the confluence of Heilongjiang River, Songhuajiang River and Wusulijiang River, and covers a total area of 108 900km<sup>2</sup>, with 3 667 700 hm<sup>2</sup> of cultivated area, in which the low-lying wet cultivated land accounts for 63.7%. The low-lying wet cultivated land generally features heavy soil and frequent waterlogging disaster, resulting in dramatic production reduction. In the harvest season, the soil is too wet to cause machinery operation unavailable, resulting in generally "high yield not bumper harvest". Which due to the following three reasons. First, the drying and wetting alternation process of soil after the water falls is slow and it is difficult to form a plough pan due to heavy clay soil, poor drainage property of soil body, and imperfect drainage channel system. The entire soil body is soft and sticky and has a low mechanical bearing capacity, which is bad for field drying and meanwhile impacts the mechanical harvest, and other operations, causing rice mildewed and snow-clad in the field, and other secondary disasters; second, the soil is in the reducing condition for a long term, so it easily generates hydrogen sulfide, and other poisoning substances to harm the rice root system; third, such kind of soil organic matters are generally 50g/kg above, so at the early stage, the soil is cold and stiffen, and the seedlings don't spring up. While at the middle and late growth stage, lodging is always caused to reduce production due to excessive soil nitrogen supply along with the decomposition of soil organic matters. It is extremely urgent to improve the issue of stagnant water in the low-lying wet soil. We took the boggy soil in the Sanjiang Plain as the test soil, and conducted field comparison experiment including the rotary tillage, deep scaification, deep plowing, mouse hole four treatments in 2017 and 2018, and studied the improvement effect of different mechanical soil preparation methods on physical and chemical properties and rice yield of the low-lying paddy field. The results show that the mechanical soil preparation methods of deep scarification and deep plowing can achieve the following: the soil water cut in 0-30 cm soil layer reduces by 10.03%-27.23%, the soil drainage property improves, the soil volume weight increase by 0.05-0.18 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, increasing degree is 6.60%-16.98%, the hardness rises, and the total pore space decrease by 3.16%-11.92%. While the mouse-hole effect is not obvious; after water drainage and field drying, the soil temperature rises significantly on an average of 1-2℃ every day. The effect of deep scarification is better than that of deep plowing, and the nitrogen supply intensity increases; the rice production by deep scarification increases year on year, achieving a significant level, namely, increasing by 4.21% in the 1st year and 10.46% in the 2nd year. While deep plowing generates no impact on the rice production, the rice production shows an increase trend in the 2nd year but the effect is not obvious. As for the mouse-hole, the rice production and contrast ratio in the 1st year and the 2nd year show no significant difference. So the new improvement and discussion is required on the mouse-hole soil improvement technology and machinery research & development.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Chemical properties - Clay products - Cultivation - Disasters - Drying - Harvesting - Land use - Landforms - Machinery - Mechanization - Nitrogen - Organic compounds - Production - Rivers - Soil moisture - Soils - Sulfur compounds - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Heilongjiang rivers - Low-lying paddy - Physical and chemical properties - Poisoning substances - Production reduction - Secondary disasters - Soil organic matters - Soil preparation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 812.1 Ceramics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.09e+11m2, Mass_Density 5.00e+01kg/m3 to 1.80e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.72e+01%, Percentage 1.05e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+00% to 1.19e+01%, Percentage 4.21e+00%, Percentage 6.37e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+00% to 1.70e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20194607675832
Title:Design and optimization for smashed straw guide device of wheat clean area planter under full straw field
Title of translation:全秸硬茬地小麦播种机碎秸导流装置参数设计与优化
Authors:Luo, Weiwen (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wu, Feng (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Xu, Hongbo (1); Chen, Youqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rice-wheat alternate planting system is the main grain production model in most areas of China which has a great significance to ensure food security in China. The wheat sowing season after the rice harvest is relatively short, combined with the complexity of the traditional wheat planting process, which not only result in the higher sowing costs, but also fails to complete all works during the wheat sowing season.. Seeding directly in the field without straw treatment is an effective way to avoid the aforementioned problems. However, the following issues often occur during the application: for example, the soil-buried parts of the machine are blocked by grass which can't guarantee the steady operation; a large amount of straw is mixed into the soil which will take the seeds outside the soil and lead to the seeds exposed. To handle the above problems, this paper provided a new sowing method and an efficient guiding device, which adopted the planting technology in the full amount of straw and root stubble field. After the straw was pulverized, all the smashed straw could be placed on inter-rows by using the guiding device to form a sown strip containing few stalks, and the subsequent sowing operations could be completed on the strip. Through the theoretical analysis of the motion of the smashed straw, length of the diversion, radial distance and width of the diversion as key parameters affect the performance of the equipment were verified. The discrete element platform for simulating the operation of the device was established, and the platform mainly was composed of a pellet factory, a crushing device cover, a smashed straw guiding device and a soil trough. Based on the Box-Benhnken central composite test method and EDEM technique, the three-factor and three-level orthogonal rotating quadratic combination experiment was carried out with straw cleaned rate and variable coefficient of the strip width as the evaluation indexes. The influence of the three key parameters was analyzed. Furthermore, the regression equations were established to describe the relationships between the various factors and each assessment index by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis by software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The optimum combination of the selected parameters was obtained, and it was verified by numerical simulations and field trials. The experiment results indicated that various factors had a significant impact on straw cleaned rate and variable coefficient of the strip width. Depending on the order of significance of the impacts, the factors affecting straw cleaned rate were arranged as follows: width of the diversion, length of the diversion, radial distance. Likewise, the factors affecting variable coefficient of the strip width were arranged as follows: length of the diversion, radial distance and width of the diversion. The combination result of parameter optimum design was presented as follows: length of the diversion is 300 mm, radial distance is 19 mm and width of the diversion is 298 mm. The straw cleaned rate and the variable coefficient of the strip width were (91.83%, 10.36%) and (90.75%, 10.94%), which were determined through simulation experiment and field experiment respectively. Hence, the results of the two verification tests were basically consistent. The study should provide technical and equipment reference for no-tillage seeding of wheat after the rice harvest in the rice-wheat alternate season in China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Software design
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Finite difference method - Food supply - Optimization - Regression analysis - Soils - Surface analysis - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Guide device - No-tillage seeding - Optimum combination - Regression equation - Response surface analysis - Variable coefficients - Verification tests
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 9.08e+01%, Percentage 9.18e+01%, Size 1.90e-02m, Size 2.98e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20194607675851
Title:Parameter optimization aroma enhancement fermentation technology of dry white wine
Title of translation:干白葡萄酒增香酿造工艺参数优化
Authors:Zhu, Xia (1, 2); Liu, Qi (2, 3); Zhao, Dandan (1, 2); Duan, Weipeng (1, 2); Han, Shunyu (1, 2); Yang, Xueshan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Gansu Key Lab of Viticulture and Enology, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) College of Life Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Xueshan(yangxs@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:282-291
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aroma is one of the important parameters for evaluating wine quality. With respect to there origin, wine aroma components can be classified into three groups: they are derived from grape fruits, fermentation and maturation process. Although several factors may play a role in the aroma quality of wine, the fermentation condition is possibly the most important element. In this study we investigated the impact of single and complex fermenting factors on the main aroma compounds of Italian Riesling Dry White Wine. The volatile flavor compounds in grape wine samples treated with different content of assimilable nitrogen (200, 300, 400 mg/L), yeast polysaccharides (150, 250, 350 mg/L), fermentation temperature (14, 18, 22℃), initial pH (3.3, 3.5, 3.7) and SO<inf>2</inf> addition (40, 70, 100 mg/L) were detected by headspace solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A large effect of fermentation condition on wine aroma quality was observed. The results showed that 300 mg/L of assimilable nitrogen was beneficial to the accumulation of higher alcohols, esters and monoterpenoids in wine samples. When yeast polysaccharides were added at 250 mg/L, the content of monoterpenoids reached the maximum (198.54 μg/L). With the increase of fermentation temperature from 14℃ to 22℃, the content of higher alcohols increased significantly, while the content of esters and monoterpenes decreased significantly. Increasing the initial pH of grape juice was beneficial to the accumulation of monoterpenoids, among which linalool and geraniol changed most significantly, but it was not conducive to the formation of higher alcohols and esters. Increased concentration of higher alcohols were detected, while ester aroma components and monoterpenoids content were differentially modulated by SO<inf>2</inf> addition increased from 40 mg/L to 100 mg/L, andwhen SO<inf>2</inf> content was 70 mg/L, the total content of monoterpenes was the highest (181.73 μg/L). The range analysis of orthogonal design carried out on wine samples collected from eight experimental groups indicated that fermentation condition affected the formation of the main aroma compounds. The contents of B6 (ethyl caprate), B5 (etheyl octanoate) and C1 (linalool) varied greatly among different treatments, while the contents of A1 (1-hexanol) and B3 (phenylethyl acetate) changed slightly among different wine samples. In addition, the total amount of ester compounds differed greatly among different experimental groups, the content of monoterpenoids and higher alcohols differed slightly. Fermentation temperature and the amount of SO<inf>2</inf> added had a great influence on the concentration of higher alcohols, fermentation temperature and assimilable nitrogen had a great effect on the content of ester aroma compounds, and the contents of monoterpenes were significantly regulated by yeast polysaccharide and initial pH. The clustering results showed that the correlation between assimilable nitrogen and yeast polysaccharide on the main aroma compounds in wine samples was high, and the correlation between the initial pH of grape juice and the addition of SO<inf>2</inf> was high. The lower fermentation temperature (18℃) was conducive to the formation of geraniol, isopentanol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol and etheyl octanoate. Adding medium concentration of assimilable nitrogen (300 mg/L) and yeast polysaccharide (250 mg/L) could promote the synthesis of isopentyl acetate, hexyl acetate and ethyl caproate. Higher initial pH was conducive to the accumulation of linalool, citronellol and geraniol. Moreover, the physical and chemical indexes of all wine samples meet the requirements of national standards. Our study reveals that the synthesis and release of main aroma compounds in Italian Riesling Dry White Wine can be effectively promoted by the production conditions of fermentation temperature 18℃, initial pH value 3.5, the amount of SO<inf>2</inf> added to 70mg/L, assimilated nitrogen 300 mg/L and yeast polysaccharide 250 mg/L.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Wine
Controlled terms:Alcohols - Chromatography - Clustering algorithms - Drug products - Enzymes - Essential oils - Esters - Fermentation - Flavor compounds - Fruit juices - Mass spectrometry - Monoterpenes - Nitrogen - Odors - Optimization - Polysaccharides - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Aroma compounds - Chromatography-mass spectrometry - Fermentation technologies - Fermentation temperature - Head-space solid-phase microextraction - Italian Riesling - Volatile flavor compounds - White wines
Classification code:801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.82e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.99e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e-02kg/m3 to 1.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.00e-02kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20194607675820
Title:Design of dielectric pellet feed moisture detector based on parallel plate capacitance sensor
Title of translation:平行极板电容传感器介电式颗粒饲料水分检测仪设计与试验
Authors:Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2); Liu, Fanghong (1); Liu, Ming (1); Ren, Zouhong (1); Li, Pei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:36-43
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The moisture content of pellet feed directly affects the quality of pellet feed. At present, the drying method is widely used for the detection of moisture in pellet feed. The shortcomings of this method are long detection time and single detection means. In order to increase the pellet feed moisture detection method and realize the non-destructive detection of pellet feed moisture, the STM32F103ZET6 single-chip microcomputer was used as the control chip for the pellet feed moisture detector, which mainly included the capacitance detection module, the temperature detection module and the weight detection module. The capacitance detection module uses parallel plate capacitance sensor and range expansion detection circuit with a digital capacitor converter AD7745 chip as the core. The weight detection module uses a strain resistance sensor and an A/D conversion circuit whose core is HX711 chip. The temperature detection module uses DS18B20 temperature sensor. After the initialization of each module, the capacitance, weight and temperature of the tested sample were sequentially collected, and the capacitance and weight therein were converted into relative permittivity and bulk density. The obtained relative permittivity, bulk density, and temperature were substituted into a moisture content calculation subroutine based on the binary iterative method to obtain a moisture content detection value of the sample and the detection result was displayed on the OLED display. The self-made pellet feed moisture detector was used to analyze the influence of moisture content (9%~18%), temperature (10~30 ℃) and bulk density (558.3~662.5 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) on the relative permittivity of pellet feed. The prediction model between relative permittivity and moisture content, temperature and bulk density was established. 12 samples of pellet feed with moisture content ranging from 9% to 18% were randomly prepared. The actual relative permittivity at different temperatures was measured by filling the capacitance sensor in any way. Then, the bulk density, temperature, and moisture content were substituted into the established model to obtain the predicted relative permittivity. The actual relative permittivity was compared with the predicted relative permittivity to verify the prediction effect of the established model. The detection accuracy of the dielectric pellet feed moisture detector based on the parallel plate capacitive sensor was tested. The results showed that the relative permittivity of pellet feed increased with the increase of temperature, moisture content and bulk density. The determination coefficient of the established relative permittivity and moisture content, temperature and bulk density model was 0.996 8. There was a good linear correlation between the measured relative permittivity and the predicted relative permittivity, the coefficient of determination was 0.992 9, indicating that the established model could describe the relative permittivity and bulk density, temperature and moisture content relationship well; The coefficient of determination between the measured value of the moisture content of the pellet feed and the detected value of the designed detector was 0.990 3. Compared with the drying method, the absolute measurement error of the measured value and the detected value was within ±0.6%. The research provides a new method and technical support for fast and non-destructive on-line detection of pellet feed moisture content.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Moisture
Controlled terms:Analog to digital conversion - Capacitance - Capacitive sensors - Detectors - Dielectric properties - Iterative methods - Moisture determination - Pelletizing - Permittivity - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute measurements - Capacitance detections - Capacitance sensors - Coefficient of determination - Determination coefficients - DS18B20 temperature sensors - Nondestructive detection - Single chip microcomputers
Classification code:701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 732 Control Devices - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.58e+02kg/m3 to 6.62e+02kg/m3, Percentage 9.00e+00% to 1.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20194607675793
Title:Headcut erosion processes and pore water pressure variation on Dongzhi tableland of China
Title of translation:董志塬沟头溯源侵蚀过程及崩塌中孔隙水压力变化
Authors:Shi, Qianhua (1); Wang, Wenlong (1, 2); Guo, Mingming (1); Chen, Zhuoxin (1); Feng, Lanqian (2); Zhao, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateaus, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wenlong(wlwang@nwafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:110-117
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Headcut erosion has been the chief cause in reducing soil fertility and harming ecological environment and long-term serious headcut erosion has caused serious consequence to security of Dongzhi tableland. A simulated rainfall combined runoff scouring experiment was carried out to identify the headcut erosion process and pore water pressure variation on Dongzhi tableland of China. The plot was composed of upstream catchment area, gully head and downstream gully bed. The slope gradient of upstream catchment area (1.5 m×5 m) was 1°, 3°, 5° and 7°. The vertical height of gully head was 0.9 m. Besides, the slope gradient of downstream gully bed (1.5 m×1 m) was 1°, 3°, 5° and 7° which was consistent with the upstream catchment area. The constant-intensity rainfall simulator consisting of nozzles spaced 0.67 m apart, and the pure water was pumped to these nozzles, with the raindrop height of 2.05 m. The pore water pressure gauges were installed in the middle of plot, and the distance between pore water pressure gauges and gully head was 30, 60 and 100 cm with the depth was 30 and 60 cm, respectively. The results showed that the frequency of collapse increased with experimental time, which accounted for 27.48% of total amount when the experiment conducted over 150-180 min. The sediment discharge exhibited a decreased logarithmic relationship with experiment time. The sediment yield was 325.66-454.13, 471.13-787.71, 737.34-1 044.18, and 1 073.16-1 533.60 kg, respectively, under different slope gradient of 1°, 3°, 5° and 7°. There was a general tendency that sediment yield increased with increasing flow discharge and slope gradient. By multiple regression analysis, the sediment yield was found to be linearly related with slope gradient and flow discharges. The sediment yield rate increased 34.12%-97.48%, 22.75%-166.48%, 48.36%-324.59%, and 36.55%-131.76%, respectively, under 1°, 3°, 5°, and 7°. Compared to collapse time, the mutant site in sediment yield rate was delayed due to the deposit of sediment. Pore water pressure decreased with the increase in duration of runoff, and there was a significant linear or logarithmic relationship between pore water pressure and duration of test. The increase of pore water pressure was one of the key factors affecting the occurrence of collapse. When the slope gradient was 1° and the flow discharge was 3.0 m<sup>3</sup>/h, the pore water pressure was 0.86-1.29, 0.72-1.39, 1.00-1.28, 0.52-1.47, 0.67-1.35 and 0.62-1.19 kPa, respectively, of probe 1 to 6 as the tests time was 12 min, and pore water pressure decreased with buried depth. In addition, the pore water pressure at 30 cm was greater than 60 cm due to the decrease of soil infiltration. These findings hold important implications for the eco-recovery of the gully region of Loess Plateau. Study on erosion process and pore water pressure characteristics of Dongzhi tableland can further reveal the mechanism, lay an important foundation for the research on the model of gully erosion process, and provide important information for realization of land resources of Dongzhi tableland in the Loess Plateau.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Catchments - Erosion - Flowmeters - Landforms - Nozzles - Pore pressure - Pressure distribution - Pressure gages - Rain - Regression analysis - Runoff - Sediments - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Collapse - Headcuts - Loess Plateau - Pore-water pressures - Scouring experiments
Classification code:442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments - 944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.34e+02kg, Percentage 2.75e+01%, Percentage 3.41e+01% to 9.75e+01%, Percentage 3.65e+01% to 1.32e+02%, Pressure 6.20e+02Pa to 1.19e+03Pa, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.05e+00m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 6.70e-01m, Size 9.00e-01m, Time 7.20e+02s, Time 9.00e+03s to 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20194607675824
Title:Impact of zeolite on dynamic of soil available potassium and grain yield in alternate wetting and drying rice system
Title of translation:斜发沸石对干湿交替稻田土壤速效钾和产量的影响
Authors:Xia, Guimin (1); Liu, Guanghui (1); Sha, Yan (1); Zhao, Qing (1); Zhang, Feng (1); Chen, Taotao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Taotao(taotao-chen@syau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:101-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impact of zeolite (Z) on the dynamic of soil available potassium in the rice production system remains unknown, especially in the alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation rice production system. To explore the application potential of zeolite in alternate wetting and drying rice system, a 2-year experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Z on grain yield and soil available potassium under different Z application rates and irrigation methods using the split plot design. A Japonica rice (cv. Shen Dao 529) was cultivated in brown loam soil. Treatments included 2 irrigations methods (CF: continuously flooded irrigation, AWD: alternate wetting and drying irrigation) as main plots and 3 zeolite application rates (0, 5, and 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup>) as sub-plots within each of main plots. The experiment was repeated in 2018 but Z was not applied, and the plots in 2018 experiment were same as 2017 experiment. The results showed that Z application at the rate of 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup> significantly increased grain yield as compared with no zeolites, in particular Z application at the rate of 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup> in the AWD rice production system, of which the yield was 8.7%-22.3% higher than the zeolite-free treatment in the CF rice production system. Zeolite had a significant positive effect on the surface soil available potassium content, and above-ground dry matter accumulation as well as the K accumulation of rice plants in the rice field. Z application at the rate of 5-10 t/hm<sup>2</sup> increased the surface soil available potassium content in the basel fertilizer stage, tiller fertilizer stage and panicle fertilizer stages, above-ground dry matter accumulation in later tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, heading-flowering stage, milky ripening stage, and yellow ripening stage and improved the aboveground K accumulation of rice plant in the later tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, heading-flowering stage, milky ripening stage, yellow ripening stage. The positive effects of Z observed were even more obvious when applied into the AWD rice production systems relative to the CF one. Compared with the most commonly used treatment (CF and Z-free treatment), the AWD irrigation in combination with 10 t/hm<sup>2</sup> Z application average increased the surface soil available potassium content in the basal fertilizer stage, tiller fertilizer stage and panicle fertilizer stages, above-ground dry matter accumulation in Jointing-booting stage, heading-flowering stage, milky ripening stage, Yellow ripening stage (except later tillering stage) and improved the aboveground K accumulation of rice plant in the later tillering stage, jointing-booting stage, heading-flowering stage, milky ripening stage, yellow ripening stage by 11.81%-21.42% in 2017 and 9.69%-23.79% in 2018. The rice yield component results revealed the increased yield in Z treatment was mainly caused by increased effective tiller number at harvest, while path analysis of dynamics in average soil available potassium at different fertilization stages and above-ground K accumulation of rice plants at different growth stages further suggested that the increased grain yield in zeolite treatment was mainly due to increase of soil available potassium content in tiller-panicle fertilizer stage and panicle fertilizer-harvest stage caused by increased zeolite, and increased aboveground K accumulation of rice plant in the heading-flowering stage and yellow ripening stage. In addition, these positive residual activities could maintain for at least 2 years after initial application in both the CF and AWD rice production systems.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Drying - Fertilizers - Irrigation - Potassium - Regression analysis - Soils - Wetting - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Available potassiums - Different growth stages - Dry matter accumulation - Rice - Rice production systems - Split plot designs - WETTING AND DRYING - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.18e+01% to 2.14e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+00% to 2.23e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+00% to 2.38e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20194607675823
Title:Test of combustion and emission performance of separated swirl combustion system in diesel engine
Title of translation:柴油机分卷流燃烧系统燃烧和排放性能试验研究
Authors:Zhou, Haiqin (1); Li, Xiangrong (1); Wang, Yan (2); Chen, Yanlin (1); Kang, Yuning (1); Liu, Dong (1); Liu, Fushui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Hebei Huabei Diesel Engine Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang; 050081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:29-35
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Diesel engines are widely used in vehicles, construction machinery and generator sets because of their reliability and fuel economy. However, the diffused combustion present in diesel engines increases emissions. The combustion performance and emission characteristics are directly affected by the fuel/air mixing process, by designing a special structure on the combustion chamber wall to guide the distribution of fuel spray in the combustion chamber, the quality of fuel/air mixing in the combustion chamber can be improved, and the process of fuel/air mixing and combustion can be improved, and the significant research focuses on improving the efficiency and fuel/air mixing process of diesel combustion system. To improve air efficiency in the center and squish areas of the combustion chamber, a new separated swirl combustion system (SSCS) was developed in this study. The SSCS chamber consists of the inner chamber, the outer chamber and the separated chamber, and there are two circular ridges. The injector used in the SSCS has two types of holes: upper and lower, and they are arranged in alternating order, and the angles of these two kinds of holes are different, which renders two distinct sprays. The different sprays collide with the different circular ridges in the chamber. When the spray collides with the circular ridges, swirls form, which improves air utilization in the chamber and accelerates the fuel/air mixture. As a new combustion system, the fuel/air mixture formation in the chamber is different from that of traditional combustion system. To make a better understanding of the mechanism of fuel/air mixture formation in SSCS, a single-cylinder diesel engine test system and a simulation method were used to analyze the combustion and emission performance of the SSCS under different conditions. The combustion and emission performance of the SSCS under different speeds, loads and excess air coefficients was tested and compared with a DSCS in a single-cylinder engine. While soot emissions from the SSCS can be tested in a real-world single-cylinder engine, the soot formation characteristics cannot be tested. Therefore, to understand the mechanisms behind soot formation in the SSCS, soot evolution must be investigated using a simulation model. Then a new phenomenological soot model using KIVA-3V R2 code and integrated with a reduced n-heptane/methane/PAH mechanism was developed and used to simulate soot behaviors in the SSCS. Incipient soot particles are fewer and soot mass is lower in the SSCS than that in the DSCS at the same cases. The mechanisms that reduce the soot emissions in the SSCS were revealed by comparing the equivalence ratio distribution and fuel distribution in the cylinder. The mechanism of soot formation in SSCS was also analyzed using the KIVA-3V Release 2 code. The experiment results show that the SSCS effectively reduces fuel consumption and soot emission, with a maximum decrease in fuel consumption of approximately 5.41% (when the power was 17 kW) and a maximum decrease in soot emission of approximately 20.48% (when the power was 43 kW). The simulation results show that the percentage of fuel with an equivalence ratio between 0.66 to 2 is higher in the SSCS than that in the DSCS, while the percentage of fuel with an equivalence ratio more than 2 is lower in the SSCS. So the equivalence ratio is more uniform in the SSCS, and less fuel is consumed, thermal efficiency is improved and soot emission is reduced. The SSCS is helpful to reduce emissions and fuel consumption in DI diesel engines.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Fuel economy
Controlled terms:Combustion chambers - Computer simulation - Construction equipment - Diesel engines - Dust - Efficiency - Engine cylinders - Fuel systems - Fuels - Heptane - Marine signal systems - Mixing - Mixtures - Separation - Soot
Uncontrolled terms:Combustion and emission performance - Combustion chamber walls - Combustion performance - Combustion systems - Diesel combustion system - Single cylinder engine - Single-cylinder diesel engine - Soot emissions
Classification code:405.1 Construction Equipment - 434.4 Waterway Navigation - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 654.2 Rocket Engines - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+00%, Power 1.70e+04W, Power 4.30e+04W
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20194607675844
Title:Multi-modal three-dimensional reconstruction of greenhouse tomato plants based on phase-correlation method
Title of translation:基于相位相关的温室番茄植株多模态三维重建方法
Authors:Sun, Guoxiang (1, 2); Wang, Xiaochan (1, 2); Liu, Jingna (1); Sun, Ye (1); Ding, Yongqian (1, 2); Lu, Wei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) Jiangsu Province Engineering Lab for Modern Facility Agriculture Technology & Equipment, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:18
Issue date:September 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:134-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to realize plant morphological measurement and physiological diagnosis, a multi-modal three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method was proposed. This reconstruction method further laid the foundation for plant phenotypic measurement. Due to the complexity of 3D geometric morphologies, only two or two-and-a-half-dimensional images of greenhouse plants can be captured at a single angle of view (AOV) by the imaging sensors. However, 3D point cloud reconstruction of plants requires images captured at multiple AOVs. In addition, the 3D geometric morphologies of plants undergo significant changes during the full-growth-cycle and to acquire suitable 3D plant images, it is necessary to frequently adjust the sensor position. Therefore, sensor position and AOV directly affect the plant phenotyping efficiency. Developing an efficient and accurate multi-view 3D point cloud reconstruction method that meets the need for full-growth-cycle, high-throughput 3D reconstruction and phenotyping of greenhouse plants is therefore pivotal to the development of high-throughput plant phenotyping techniques. So a multi-modal three-dimensional reconstruction method of greenhouse tomato plants under different measurement positions and angles was proposed, and to solve the problem of multi-spectral reflectance mapping and multi-view point cloud 3D reconstruction, multi-spectral reflectance images were registered to RGB-D image coordinate system by phase-correlation method, and a multi-view RGB-D image 3D reconstruction method based on self-calibration of the Kinect sensor was established which realized the reconstruction of RGB 3D point cloud model and multi-spectral reflectance 3D point cloud model of the plants. The two-dimensional multi-spectral image registration quality was evaluated objectively by the normalizing gray-scale similarity coefficient D, the spectral overlap rate in the region of interest (ROI) C, and the mutual information value and the Hausdorff distance HD was applied to objectively evaluate the reconstruction accuracy of the three-dimensional point cloud reconstruction of the plant. In total, 30 greenhouse tomato plants were used in this study with each plant reconstructed from four angles of view at angle intervals of 90 degrees. The obtained results showed that the average values of C and D were 0.920 6 and 0.908 5, respectively. After registration, the mutual information value increased by 9.81 % and the canopy multi-spectral images could be registered accurately to the depth coordinate system. The ratio of the HD distance set of reconstruction point cloud less than 0.6 cm was 78.39 %, the ratio of less than 1.0 cm was 91.13%, and the mean value of the tomato distance ensemble HD<inf>avg</inf> was 0.37 cm, depicting that the tomato plant 3D point cloud model had high reconstruction accuracy and could be applied to multi-modal 3D reconstruction of greenhouse tomato plants. This research integrated the traditional 3D geometric morphology measurement system and plant physiological information diagnosis system, and as such the external morphology and internal physiological information of the plants could be measured in the same imaging room. It provides a precise and efficient measurement method for high-throughput plant phenotypic measurement, and is of great significance to the development of modern intelligent facility horticultural management and plant phenomics.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Three dimensional computer graphics
Controlled terms:Cloud computing - Computerized tomography - Correlation methods - Fruits - Geometry - Greenhouses - Image reconstruction - Image registration - Image segmentation - Morphology - Photomapping - Quality control - Reflection - Spectroscopy - Stereo image processing - Stereo vision
Uncontrolled terms:Greenhouse tomatoes - Multi-modal - Multi-spectral - Phase correlation - Plant phenotypic - Three-dimensional reconstruction
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.84e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+00%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 3.70e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.18.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
- 邮箱 tcsae@tcsae.org
微信公众号
二维码
友情链接
- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
- 期刊界
- CNKI
- 万方数据
- 维普