<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20194607667584
Title:Vignetting correction for remote sensing image using multi-scale Retinex based on band weight
Title of translation:基于波段权重的多尺度Retinex遥感图像渐晕校正方法
Authors:Bao, Yidan (1, 2, 3); Li, Yijian (1, 2, 3); He, Yong (1, 2, 3); Zhu, Jiangpeng (1, 2, 3); Wan, Liang (1, 2, 3); Cen, Haiyan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China
Corresponding author:Cen, Haiyan(hycen@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:186-193
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:UAV low-altitude remote sensing is an important way for monitoring the growth and physiological conditions of crops. However, due to the limitations of drones and environments, the images acquired by multispectral cameras mounted on drones are always distorted. One kind of distortion is the vignetting effect of the image, which introduces errors into quantitative analysis of those remote sensing images. To solve the problems of unstable correction quality and being time-consuming in traditional function approximation method as well as being halo and gray and spectral data distortion in multi-scale Retinex (MSR) algorithm, a multi-scale Retinex algorithm with spectral restoration vignetting correction was proposed in this research. By estimating the global brightness component and introducing a spectral restoration factor, vignetting correction for spectral images in UAV remote sensing was achieved. Mean images of each band were first calculated from UAV remote sensing images of one flight, then the global brightness components of each band with smooth brightness change were estimated from the mean images by gauss kernel function. The second step was to calculate the reflectance components of each band by using the global brightness components. In this step, spectral distortion was introduced into the correction result because the reflectance components of each band were calculated independently. So the spectral restoration factor which was obtained from the original spectral image was proposed and applied in each reflection component. The quality of the corrected image would be affected by spectral restoration and there were 2 parameters which were used to balance the effect of image quality and spectral restoration. Finally, the corrected images were obtained after quantitative stretching. The proposed method was compared with the function approximation method based on gauss model and the multi-scale Retinex algorithm. On the one hand, the experimental results indicated that the proposed method could obtain a good vignetting correction effect visually and the result of the proposed method did not show gray and halo. On the other hand, the results were evaluated in terms of gray distribution, standard deviation, average gradient, clarity, spectral correlation coefficient and spectral angle index. The average gradient and clarity were 0.0774 and 49.33, respectively. Compared with the original image, function approximation method and multi-scale Retinex algorithm, the average gradient increases by 5.94%, 5.56% and 4.78%, and the clarity increases by 8.94%, 6.79% and 6.63%, respectively. The result showed that the contrast and clarity of the image corrected by the proposed method were better than those corrected by the other 2 methods. The standard deviation of MSR result was lower than that of the proposed method, which indicated that the proposed method reduced the gray effect of Retinex theory method. The average spectral correlation coefficient and spectral angle showed that the proposed method obtained a good effect of spectral restoration but the spectral quality of the proposed method was slightly worse than that of function approximation method. However, the relative deviation of the spectral correlation coefficient and spectral angle obtained by this method were smaller than those of the function approximation method, which showed that the spectral recovery effect of the proposed method was relatively stable. In addition, the proposed method effectively improved the image quality and spectral quality of the correction results based on Retinex theory. In conclusion, the image quality and spectral quality of the proposed method were better than those of the other 2 methods and the proposed method reduced the phenomena of gray and halo in the corrected images. However, there were many adjusting parameters in the proposed method. So the further research can be focused on parameter optimization to improve the efficiency of the method.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Approximation algorithms - Approximation theory - Drones - Image processing - Image quality - Image reconstruction - Luminance - Reflection - Remote sensing - Restoration - Scales (weighing instruments) - Spectroscopy - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Function approximation - Multi-spectral cameras - Parameter optimization - Physiological condition - Reflectance components - Reflection components - Remote sensing images - Retinex theory
Classification code:921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.78e+00%, Percentage 5.56e+00%, Percentage 5.94e+00%, Percentage 6.63e+00%, Percentage 6.79e+00%, Percentage 8.94e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20194607670295
Title:Flue form optimization design of large complexity kang based on temperature field simulation
Title of translation:基于温度场模拟的大花洞火炕烟道构造形式优化设计
Authors:Zhang, Jie (1); Chen, Lizhu (1); Wang, Weidong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) The School of Architecture, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou; 014010, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:233-239
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With economic development and living standard improving in China, the demand by people in rural areas for thermal conformity of indoor facilities in their homes has also increased. This has become one of the main targets in rural revitalization in the country. In rural grassland areas in northern China, brick-bed (Kang) has been widely used by farmers and herdsmen as an integrated system for sleeping and heating in winter. Different kangs exist in different areas, but most of them are built with experiences and lack of temperature uniformity, giving rise to uncomfortable sleeping and poor thermal efficiency. Effectively combining natural and existing conditions to make the kang more thermally comfortable and energy efficiency is hence a key issue but has been overlooked. This paper aims to address this gap by re-designing the pathways of the smoke and flue gas in the kang using CFD software ANSYS. The smoke wall and the guide were re-set based on the principle of "front and rear guide" in that the smoke walls should make the distribution of the smoke flow improve thermal conformity and thermal efficiency. We compared two re-designed kangs and simulated the distribution of the flue gas temperature in each using ANSYS. The results show that, compared with the traditional kang, the design I reduced the exhaust smoke temperature by about 10℃ and increased the coverage of high-temperature flue gas in the proximity of the kang plate by about 55%. These combine to improve the temperature uniformity. For the design II, the associated reduction in the temperature and increase in high temperature coverage was 20℃ and 40% respectively. In summary, the flue optimization in the both designed kangs improved the spatial distribution of the smoke flow and thermal efficiency, compared to the traditional one; they also increased the temperature of the flue gas in the vicinity of the raft and adsorbed more heat of the high-temperature flue gas to the slab, thereby increasing the temperature of the slab and reducing smoke loss. All these show that the new designs significantly improved the thermal efficiency of the kang, in which the flue gas can get into the chimney flue and the kang panel through thermal absorbing and storing. They also enhance the release of the flue gas heat to improve thermal conformity within a wide range of high temperature. ANSYS is a tool that can be used to improve design of thermal-efficient kang.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Smoke
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Energy efficiency - Flow fields - Flue gases - Flues - Gases - Optimization - Rural areas - Temperature - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Economic development - Flow field simulation - Flue gas temperatures - High temperature flue gas - Large complexity kang - Temperature field simulation - Temperature uniformity - Thermal efficiency
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20194607670338
Title:Plant disease identification method based on lightweight CNN and mobile application
Title of translation:基于轻量级CNN的植物病害识别方法及移动端应用
Authors:Liu, Yang (1); Feng, Quan (1); Wang, Shuzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Electrical Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou; 730030, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Quan(fquan@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:194-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Because of the cultivation environment, management level, climate and other conditions, there are a variety of different types of diseases over the plant growth period. The problem of plant diseases in agricultural production has become one of the important factors that restrict crop growth. Timely and accurate identification of disease types is of great significance for effective disease control. The disease identification methods based on deep neural network have achieved very high recognition accuracy. However, the ordinary deep neural networks are too large in size and mainly running on computers. At present, smart phones are more and more popular, and a disease recognition system is very meaningful if it can be run on the phones directly. In this paper, the lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed to design a mobile APP for plant disease identification, which could be easily used in the field. The lightweight networks used in this paper included MobileNet and Inception V3. We had compared the performance of the 2 methods in several aspects in order to get the best model and transplant to the mobile phone. We pre-trained the 2 network models on the ImageNet dataset and then migrated on the PlantVillage dataset and the self-built grape disease dataset. Disease classification test experiments were performed on the 2 sets using the 2 training models obtained. The experimental results showed that MobileNet and Inception V3 had an average recognition accuracy of 95.02% and 95.62% over the PlantVillage dataset (a total of 38 species), and 87.50%, 88.06% respectively over the grape disease dataset. The recognition accuracy of the 2 networks was generally consistent. For the PlantVillage dataset, the recognition rates of tomato leaf early blight were the lowest in the 2 databases, 70% and 68%, respectively for MobileNet and Inception V3. For the grape downy mildew on the dataset, the 2 networks also showed the lowest recognition rates, which were 76.67% and 68.33%, respectively. MobileNet's lowest disease recognition rate was higher than that of Inception V3, which meant that MobileNet was more balanced than Inception V3 in the accuracy of multiple species of disease identification and was more suitable for practical use. In terms of model size, Inception V3 was 87.5 MB, and MobileNet was 17.1 MB. The former was about 5 times larger than the latter. The APP with Inception V3 and MobileNet occupied 125 and 21.5 MB of mobile phone memory respectively. To identify a single picture on the phone, APP with Inception V3 took 174 ms while APP with MobileNet took only 134, 40 ms faster. In summary, the classification accuracy of the 2 network was very close, but MobileNet required less memory and ran faster than Inception V3, indicating that the former was more suitable for mobile phone applications. The images in the PlantVillage dataset were taken indoors and the background image was simple, thus the recognition accuracy over it was high. However, the accuracy decreased over the grape disease dataset in which the images were collected in natural conditions, indicating that the network was significantly affected by external environment such as illumination changes and background. In the follow-up study, we will collect more plant disease leaves taken under natural conditions for training to develop a more robust APP for plant disease identification.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Disease control
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Deep neural networks - Diseases - Image recognition - Neural networks - Plants (botany) - Smartphones
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Android - Classification accuracy - Convolutional neural network - Inception V3 - Mobile phone applications - MobileNet - Plant
Classification code:718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.80e+01%, Percentage 6.83e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.67e+01%, Percentage 8.75e+01%, Percentage 8.81e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+01%, Time 1.74e-01s, Time 4.00e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20194607670300
Title:Effect of biochars on water retention properties of northeast region black soils
Title of translation:生物炭对东北黑土持水特性的影响
Authors:Wang, Zhongjiang (1, 2); Liu, Zhuo (1); Cao, Zhen (1); Li, Yibo (1); Zhang, Zheng (1); Wang, Lili (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Technology and Equipment for the Utilization of Agricultural Renewable Resources, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:147-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The water retention capacities and organic matter content of valuable black soil is decreasing year by year with unreasonable farming and excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides continuously. Black soil erosion is serious and black soil layer is less and less. It is urgent to protect black soil resource. Biochar is recognized gradually in recent years for improving soil structure, soil water retention capacity and crop yield, and for reducing surface runoff and soil erosion as a soil conditioner. However, most researches focus on the improvement in the acidic soil and sandy soil with less organic matter because of the high pH of biochar and the relative good fertility of black soil. The application of biochar in black soil in northeast region is relatively rare. The water retention capacity improvement is one of the important indexes to characterize the physical and chemical properties of black soil. In this paper, the effects of biochars including poplar wood carbon and bamboo carbon on the water retention properties of loamy soil, sandy loam and sandy soil were studied systematically with three different addition ratios (2%, 5%, 10%) and three different particle sizes (0.25, 0.5, 1 mm) of biochars. The water characteristic curves of different northeast black soils added with biochars were studied by the centrifugation method, and were fitted by the models of Van-Genuchten and Broods-Corey. The results showed that the field capacity and the saturated moisture content of loamy soil, sandy loam and sandy soil all increased significantly because of biochars addition. The field capacity of black soils increased significantly with the increase of addition ratios of biochars, but decreased with the increase of particle sizes of biochars. However, an insignificant difference in 0.5 and 1 mm particle sizes was achieved. The effects of poplar wood carbon on the water retention properties of black soils were superior to those of bamboo carbon, significantly. The particle size of 0.25 mm and addition ratio of 10% was optimum for poplar wood carbon to achieve high water retention capacities of northeast black soils. Under optimum condition, the field capacity and the saturated moisture content increased by 64.97% and 47.60% for loamy soil, 66.42% and 38.93% for sandy loam, and 69.39% and 31.18% for sandy soil, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of grain size distribution of black soil itself on its water retention properties was significant. A negative relationship was between soil field capacity and sand particle content of soil. However, the soil field capacity increased significantly with the increase of the silt and clay particle content of soil. Loamy soil has the largest water holding capacity, followed by sandy loam.The water holding capacity of sandy soil was the smallest. Moreover, the water characteristic curves of three black soils with biochar addition decreased gradually with thethe increase of centrifugal time and suction. Van-Genuchten model fitted the water characteristic curves of three black soils, more precisely. All the fit goodness of cubic curves simulating the relationship of soil volume moisture content and suction were more than 0.99. Centrifugation time of 100 min was optimum. The results in this study provided good insight into the effects of biochars on the water retention properties of different black soils in the northeast region.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil conditioners
Controlled terms:Bamboo - Biogeochemistry - Carbon - Centrifugation - Erosion - Fertilizers - Grain size and shape - Moisture - Moisture determination - Organic compounds - Particle size - Sand - Soil moisture - Soils - Textile blends
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Black soil - Different particle sizes - Field capacity - Physical and chemical properties - Van Genuchten model - Water retention capacity - Water retention properties
Classification code:481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 819.5 Textile Products and Processing - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.12e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+01%, Percentage 4.76e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 6.64e+01%, Percentage 6.94e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-04m, Size 5.00e-04m, Time 6.00e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20194607670346
Title:Proportional optimization of composite substrates with activated alumina in constructed wetlands considering phosphorus removal of sewage
Title of translation:基于磷去除效果的人工湿地中含活性氧化铝复合基质配比优化
Authors:Niu, Cong (1); Chen, Haotian (1); Li, Xin (1); Wang, Leyi (1); Wang, Yong (2); Zhang, Baoli (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Beijing Bisheng United Water co. LTD, Beijing; 102400, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Baoli(baoli@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:240-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Eeutrophication caused by excessive phosphorus (P) in sewage has attracted increased attention and cconstructed wetland (CW) is one of common technologies to recover P from sewage, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study is to determine the capacity of different substrates to adsorb P in CW in cold areas in Northern China. We studied four substrates: activated alumina, steel slag, limestone and zeolite; the P adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of each substrate was measured under the same conditions. We then selected the substrates that had the best adsorption and designed nine mixtures using these substrates with different particle sizes and volumetric ratios. In the design, we took the effect of substrate porosity on hydraulic residence time into account. Small-scale experiments were conducted by mimicking the single-stage, vertical-flow constructed wetland (VFCW) to study P removal from domestic sewage at low P concentration (1.18-4.39 mg/L) using the nine mixtures. Four mixtures with the best P removal were selected to investigate if they could meet the effluent quality standard under high P concentration (15.96, 38.13 and 68.22 mg/L), from which the optimal mixture for P removal was found and we tested its efficiency when P concentration was 20 mg/L in a pilot-scale multistage VFCW system. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiment was conducted in a laboratory at China Agricultural University and the small-scale and pilot-scale experiments were conducted at Fangshan district in Beijing, both using the domestic sewage collected from a factory and keeping the designed hydraulic load at 0.3 m<sup>3</sup>/(m<sup>2</sup>∙d). The results showed that the P adsorption of all four substrates can be described by the Freundlich and the Langmuir model; the activated alumina had the strongest adsorption capacity, followed by steel slag, limestone and zeolite. Among the nine mixtures used in the vertical-flow test, those containing activated alumina could remove 83.54%-93.48% of P. It was found that amending the mixtures consisting active alumina with particle size in 3-5 mm by sand and limestone could remove 87.36%-93.48% of P, with an average removal rate of 89.63%. Among them, the mixture comprising 75% activated alumina and 25% limestone was most efficient, removing up to 93.48% of P. When P concentration in the sewage increased, the P concentration in the effluent met the Grade A in the Sewage Effluent Discharge Standard (0.2 mg/L) in the comprehensive discharge standard for water pollutants of Beijing (DB11/307-2013). The results also showed that the mixing ratio of subtracts could affect P removal rate. Regardless of P concentration in the sewage, the mixture with 75% aluminum and 25% limestone can remove 94%-99% of P in the pilot-scale VFCW test with the P concentration in its effluent being less than 0.2 mg/L, reaching Grade A in the sewage effluent discharge standard.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Activated alumina
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Adsorption isotherms - Aluminum oxide - Effluents - Lime - Limestone - Mixtures - Particle size - Phosphorus - Sewage - Slags - Substrates - Water pollution - Water quality - Wetlands - Zeolites
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Different particle sizes - Effluent quality standards - Hydraulic residence time - Pilot-scale experiments - Removal rate - Small-scale experiment - Vertical flow constructed wetlands
Classification code:445.2 Water Analysis - 452.1 Sewage - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 453 Water Pollution - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.18e-03kg/m3 to 4.39e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.81e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.82e-02kg/m3, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.35e+01% to 9.35e+01%, Percentage 8.74e+01% to 9.35e+01%, Percentage 8.96e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01% to 9.90e+01%, Size 3.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20194607670411
Title:Diversity of tetracycline- and sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria on surface of cold fresh chicken
Title of translation:冷鲜鸡肉表面四环素和磺胺耐药菌的菌群多样性分析
Authors:Shao, Yi (1, 2); Yao, Chunxia (1, 2); Huang, Liujuan (1); Feng, Bo (1); Zhou, Changyan (1, 2); Bai, Bing (1); Wang, Hua (3, 4); Wang, Weiguo (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai; 201403, China; (2) Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai; 201403, China; (3) Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus; 43210, United States; (4) Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai; 200433, China; (5) Shanghai Guorong Fruit Professional Cooperative, Shanghai; 201516, China
Corresponding author:Yao, Chunxia(chunxia.yao@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:301-308
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The increased use of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria in agricultural production has posed a great threat to human health, as AR pathogens could spread from agricultural product to human body via food chain. The antimicrobial resistance (ART) genes in animal- and environment-derived bacteria can migrates to human commensal bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Increased evidences have shown the critical role of commensal bacteria in HGT of ART genes, affected by both size and species of ART bacteria. Because of the horizontal gene transfer, it is essential to understand antimicrobial resistance in bacterial community rather than in several species. Currently, there is a knowledge gap in our understanding of tendentious carriers of ART gene as most existing studies focused only on a limited pathogenic bacteria. Cold fresh chicken is consumed worldwide, and our previous work had found existence of tetracycline-resistant (Tet<sup>r</sup>) bacteria and sulfamethoxazole-resistant (Sul<sup>r</sup>) bacteria in chicken products which might harbor a pool of AR gene, offering a potential avenue for transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and AR genes to human beings. Motivated by these findings, we randomly selected 18 cold fresh chicken samples from six supermarkets in Shanghai from September to October in 2018 to investigate possible existence of Tet<sup>r</sup> and Sul<sup>r</sup> bacteria, as well as the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance migration. The culturable Tet<sup>r</sup> and Sul<sup>r</sup> bacteria on the surface of the chicken samples were recovered by brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, containing 48 μg/mL tetracycline or 228 μg/mL sulfamethoxazole plus 12 μg/mL trimethoprim. Their diversity was analyzed by the IonS5<sup>TM</sup> XL sequencing platform. The results showed that the top three phyla with highest relative abundance of ART bacteria were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In Tet<sup>r</sup> and Sul<sup>r</sup> bacteria, 59 and 58 specific genera were identified respectively. Compared with the literature report on diversity of total bacteria on surface of cold fresh chicken, the genera of the two ART bacteria found in our study accounted for a high proportion of the total microbial population, indicating that many bacteria on the surface of cold fresh chicken were resistant to the two antimicrobials. The results of shared floras found 18 genera (56 OUTs) and 19 genera (63 OUTs) in Tet<sup>r</sup> and Sul<sup>r</sup> bacteria respectively, among which the multi-drug resistance of avian and human Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp. and Myroides spp. had been well established. Thus, the potential risk of horizontal transfer of AR genes from avian to human need to further investigation. However, the characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in other 16 genera of shared floras isolated from avian, including Serratia spp., Aeromonas spp., Buttiauxella spp., Comamonas spp., Pseudochrobactrum spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Moellerella spp., Providencia spp., Sphingomonas spp., Anaeromyxobacter spp., Empedobacter spp., Soonwooa spp., Carnobacterium spp., Weissella spp., Kurthia spp. and Lysinibacillus spp., have not been reported yet. We found that the specific floras of ART bacteria differed from each sample, and 5 to 39 unique OTUs, from 3 to 32 genus, were identified in samples taken from all supermarkets. The specific ART floras data could be used to trace the origin of the ART bacteria during the processing chain. Overall, our results identified existence of ART bacteria on surface of cold fresh chicken and provided reference for further investigation into their potential risk and control. Since separation of bacteria could be affected by cultural method, our diversity analysis was limited to a single culture condition and relied on establishment of analytical techniques of culture-independent in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Bacteria
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Animals - Antibiotics - Gene transfer - Genes - Health risks - Microorganisms - Retail stores
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Antimicrobial resistances - Brain heart infusions - Cold fresh chicken - Diversity - Horizontal gene transfer - Microbial populations - Resistant bacteria
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.20e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.28e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.80e-02kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20194607670342
Title:Orange recognition method using improved YOLOv3-LITE lightweight neural network
Title of translation:基于改进YOLOv3-LITE轻量级神经网络的柑橘识别方法
Authors:Lü, Shilei (1, 2, 3); Lu, Sihua (1); Li, Zhen (1, 2, 3); Hong, Tiansheng (1, 2, 4); Xue, Yueju (1, 2, 3); Wu, Benlei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Division of Citrus Machinery, China Agriculture Research System, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Li, Zhen(lizhen@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:205-214
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Orange recognition is one of the key technologies for automatical fruits picking, delicacy management and orchard yield forecast etc. In order to realize the rapid and accurate identification of orange fruits in natural environment, this paper presents an orange recognition method using improved YOLOv3-LITE lightweight neural network. In the field of fruit-picking robots, the accuracy of bounding box regression for fruit recognition directly determines the success rate of robotic hand-picking. In this paper, the proposed method, which introduces GIoU bounding box regression loss function (GIoU reflects the relationship between the target frame and forecast box) to replace traditional loss function of MSE (mean square error) part of the bounding box regression, effectively improves the accuracy of bounding boxregression. In order to facilitate the migration of the model to mobile terminals, the YOLOv3-LITE lightweight neural network model is proposed. Mobilenet-v2, a lightweight network proposed based on the mobile terminal, can effectively reduce the complexity of the model, and is thus used in this paper to replace the backbone network Darknet-53 in the original network model. The mixup-training method combines 2 pictures into 1 with a certain weight to achieve the effect of target occlusion, reduce the impact of differences between images, improve the generalization ability of the model, and reduce over fitting. In this paper, the mixup-training is combined with transfer learning for the purpose of pre-training. The deep learning framework built in the proposed model is TensorFlow and DarkNet. In order to verify the superiority and feasibility of the proposed model, its recognition effect is tested on test samples with different obscured degrees, comparing with the Faster-RCNN, SSD models and original YOLOv3 network model. The values of F1 and AP are used to assess the differences among models. Test results show that, the model proposed in this paper can get significantly good recognition results. In the data sets of lightly obscured fruit, the F1 value and AP value of the orange recognition model proposed in this paper can reach 95.27% and 92.75%, and the Average IoU is as high as 88.65%. In the data sets of severely obscured fruit, the F1 value and AP value of the orange recognition model proposed in this paper are 91.43% and 89.10%, respectively, and the Average IoU is 83.73%. In all the test sets, the F1 and AP values are 93.69% and 91.13%, respectively, and Average IoU is 87.32%. Compared with the original YOLOv3, the values of F1and AP increase by 1.77% and 2.43%, respectively, and Average IoU increases by 4.72%. The detection speed of orange target can reach 246 frames per second; the inferred speed of a single 416×416 picture on GPU is 16.9 ms. The detection speed on the CPU can reach 22 frames per second, and the inferred speed can reach 80.9ms. The memory occupied by the proposed model is 28 MB. Moreover, the pre-training method, combined with the transfer learning and mixup training, reduces the training time and memory consumption of the proposed model. Therefore, the orange recognition method proposed in this paper has the advantages of low model memory footprint, high recognition accuracy and fast recognition speed, etc. It can provide new solutions for orange picking robot and orchard yield forecast, and new ideas for intelligent orange industry as well.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Computer terminals - Deep learning - Forecasting - Fruits - Image enhancement - Intelligent robots - Mean square error - Mobile telecommunication systems - Neural networks - Orchards - Regression analysis - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Generalization ability - Loss functions - Natural environments - Neural network model - Orange - Recognition accuracy - Transfer learning - YOLOv3-LITE
Classification code:722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 731.6 Robot Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.28e+01%, Percentage 9.37e+01%, Percentage 9.53e+01%, Time 1.69e-02s, Time 8.09e-02s, Percentage 1.77e+00%, Percentage 2.43e+00%, Percentage 4.72e+00%, Percentage 8.37e+01%, Percentage 8.73e+01%, Percentage 8.87e+01%, Percentage 8.91e+01%, Percentage 9.11e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20194607670274
Title:Assimilation of AMSR2 data improving simulation accuracy of soil moisture by using HYDRUS-1D model
Title of translation:同化AMSR2数据提高HYDRUS-1D模型土壤湿度模拟精度
Authors:Zhang, Guixin (1); Zhu, Shanyou (2); Hao, Zhenchun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (2) School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:79-86
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture plays an important role in many fields including hydrological processes, agricultural management and climate change. Due to the limitation in in-situ measurement of soil moisture and its dynamic process, accurately estimating it at different soil depth by assimilating remote sensing data into soil hydraulic model has received increased attention. Combining the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method with the hydrological simulation model HYDRUS-1D, this paper simulated soil moisture dynamics at soil profile scale and evaluated its precision by assimilating soil moisture retrieved from spatial resolution of 1 km and soil moisture downscaled from microwave sensor of the advanced microwave scanning radiometer 2 (AMSR2). The downscaled soil moisture was calculated using a scale-independent multi-parameter linear model by combining the multi-kinds of the optical MODIS image data including land surface temperature, albedo, and the normalized difference between vegetation index products. Using field measurement data and the downscaled soil moisture at resolution of 1km as the initial condition to the HYDRUS-1D model, we designed six assimilation schemes and compared them with the associated results simulated from the HYDRUS-1D model. The soil moisture at different depth from April 1 to August 31 in 2013 at Yushe and Yincheng in Shanxi province was simulated using the six designed schemes, and the simulated results were compared with the data measured on 1, 11 and 21 of each month at soil depth of 10, 20 and 40 cm, respectively. The results indicated that the precision of the estimated soil moisture at the two location was comparable, and the assimilated downscaled AMSR2 data can effectively improve soil moisture estimation, especially in the surface soil. When there were not enough field measurement data or remotely sensed soil moisture to drive the HYDRUS-1D model as initial condition, the HYDRUS-1D simulation could give rise to significant errors and assimilation results were more precise. Compared with the simulation schemes S1, S2, the root mean square error (RMSE) of the assimilation schemes A1 and A2 was low, and the effectiveness coefficients of A1 and A2 at different soil depth are higher than 19% and 13% respectively. Compared to S3, the effectiveness coefficients of A3 are negative due to some uncertain errors associated with the assimilated AMSR2 soil moisture. For schemes S4, S5 and S6 simulated directly from the HYDRUS-1D model using the AMSR2 monitored soil moisture, their effectiveness coefficients at different depth are all positive and greater than that of schemes A1, A2 and A3. For temporal change in soil moisture, the correlation between different schemes after assimilation are higher than that simulated directly from the HYDRUS-1D model, with the correlation decreasing with soil depth because the AMSR2 only captured the soil moisture in top soil. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the precision is impacted mostly by observation frequency and its errors, and it was insensitive to the background errors and the model simulation errors.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Climate change - Digital storage - Errors - Hydraulic models - Kalman filters - Land surface temperature - Mean square error - Microwave sensors - Moisture - Moisture control - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Sensitivity analysis - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Advanced microwave scanning radiometer - AMSR2 - Data assimilation - Effectiveness coefficients - Ensemble Kalman Filter - HYDRUS-1D - Remotely sensed soil moisture - Spatiotemporal distributions
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 732.2 Control Instrumentation - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.90e+01%, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Percentage 1.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20194607667661
Title:Development of caterpillar self-propelled orchard gas explosion subsoiling and fertilizer machine
Title of translation:履带自走式果园气爆深松施肥机研制
Authors:Shen, Congju (1, 2, 3); Jia, Shouxing (2, 3); Zhang, Lixin (1, 3); Zhou, Yan (2, 3); Li, Fan (2); Dai, Yameng (2); Zhang, Jing (2); Ma, Wenxiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Mechanical Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Lixin(zhlx2001730@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The commonly-used manual excavation and fertilization in orchards are inefficient and labor-intensive, while the trench-digging fertilization and drilling-fertilization machine could damage soil surface and wound root system due to soil disturbance. Alternative fertilization method is hence needed. We developed a caterpillar-type, self-propelled gas-explosion machine for fertilization and subsoiling in orchards in Xinjiang and other arid regions in north China. The machine can fast drill hard soil layer and quantitatively control fertilizer feeding and application; it can also loosen subsoil by exploding pressurized gas in deep soil with simultaneous fertilization. During gas explosion, the pressurized air moves the fertilizer into root zone through the loosen soil and fractures created by the explosion. The machine is hydraulically-driven with the caterpillar-type moving mode. It consists of a fertilizer-injection device, a quantitative fertilizer application device, an air explosion device, and a hydraulic and pneumatic transmission system. It is compact, small enough to operate in orchard with fruit rows spaced above 2.5 m. Its flexible control and high automation makes it capable of doing multiple jobs simultaneously, including fixed-point drilling, gas explosion to loosen soil, and quantitative deep-soil fertilizing the root zone. It is soil-friendly, integrating no-tillage, subsoil loosening and fertilization in one system and can loosen soil separately or combine it with quantitative fertilization. The insertion and fertilizer injection device can control drilling depth by the knock-in hoisting mechanism. Its combined hydraulic ram suppression and the hammering device can quickly drill into the hard tillage layer and hard layer. Also, the rotating-wheel quantitative fertilization device driven by the hydraulic ram was designed to have a single feeding volume of 100 mL, but this can be compensated by increasing the fertilization time. The gas explosion device offered a stable air pressure in gas-exploding deep soil. Good subsoil loosening and fertilization was achieved using a gas-explosion pressure in 0.6-0.8 MPa, which does not damage roots. To test its operating efficiency of fertilization, we conducted quadratic rotation orthogonal combination tests with the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius as evaluation indices, and the drilling depth, fertilizer rob inner diameter and the gas-explosion pressure as impacting factors. Regression between the evaluation indices and the impacting factors based on the Design-Expert V8.0.6.1 was used to analyze the significance of the impacting factors on the evaluation indices. It was found that the optimal combination of the impacting factors were insertion depth 600 mm, fertilizer rob inner diameter 30 mm and gas explosion pressure 0.6 MPa. Field tests showed that the single operation time and fertilizer diffusion radius under the optimal factor combination were 22.1 s and 413.6 mm, respectively. We also entrusted Xinjiang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Machinery Product Quality Supervision and Management Station to test the stability and efficiency of the machine; and all tested indices meet the technical requirements of the prototype design. These results provide technical support and references for further development and modification of the machine for gas-explosion subsoiling and fertilization in orchards.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Explosions
Controlled terms:Compressed air - Cranes - Design - Drills - Efficiency - Fertilizers - Gases - Hydraulic rams - Infill drilling - Machine design - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Orchards - Product design - Quality control - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Fertilizer applications - Gas explosions - Management stations - Operating efficiency - Quantitative fertilization - Single operation time - Technical requirement - Transmission systems
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 693.1 Cranes - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 6.00e+05Pa, Pressure 6.00e+05Pa to 8.00e+05Pa, Size 2.50e+00m, Size 3.00e-02m, Size 4.14e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Time 2.21e+01s, Volume 1.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20194607667583
Title:E-nose information drift correction method for identifying vinegar based on no-load data
Title of translation:基于空载数据的鉴别食醋电子鼻信号漂移校正方法
Authors:Yin, Yong (1); Wang, Yanfang (1); Ge, Fei (1); Yu, Huichun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food & Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:293-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Electronic nose (E-nose) signal drift is inevitable due to sensor aging and fluctuation of ambient temperature and humidity, which could compromise its ability of robust long-term detection. To ensure long-term robust service of the E-nose for detecting vinegar samples, a drift recursive correction method is proposed in this paper using the wavelet packet decomposition coefficients based on no-load data. The method does not require special correction processing and the sensor drift can be corrected based only on the no-load response data and the sample response data of the E-nose. In the model, the Symlet wavelet function was first used to decompose the no-load data of the E-nose using a no-load threshold function (NLTF) given in the paper. The NLTF was then converted to sample threshold function (STF) suiting the samples data by a constructed adjustment coefficient. Using the STF, a correction function based on the wavelet packet decomposition coefficient of the samples of E-nose data was constructed. The E-nose data of six vinegars were subject to a drift correction by means of the correction function. We also introduced the concept of "sample measurement time window" (SMTW), and used the correction function to process the sample data within the SMTW. As the SMTW progresses recursively, the drift in all sample data at different times (or SMTW) could be used to recursively correct the samples of the vinegars. To validate the drift correction method and test the applicability of the SMTW, the sample data in the SMTW were used as a training set and the sample data between one month and two months after the SMTW were used as test set. A recursive Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) model was built, which was proven capable of long-term robust detection of the vinegars. The samples of the vinegars were tested intermittently for 16 months, and the SMTW in which was 6, 5, 4 and 3 months, respectively. With the change in SMTW, the correct discrimination rate for the training set and the test set also changes. When the SMTW was more than 4 months or less than 4 months, the correction identification rate of FDA was less than 100%, and the correction identification rate was only 92.22% under certain circumstance. Therefore, when the SMTW was 6, 5 or 3 months, the samples of the vinegars cannot be identified robustly in long term. When SMTW was 4 months, the test samples in SMTW and the samples within one month after the SMTW were effectively identified by the established recursive FDA model, and the vinegar samples can be identified robustly in long term, with a correction identification rate of 100%. That is, the test samples within one month after the SMTW could be accurately identified using the FDA model built from the sample E-nose data when the SMTW was within 4 months. We believe that our results has implications as the proposed method is applicable to other E-nose data.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Electronic nose
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Agricultural products - Discriminant analysis - Electromagnetic wave attenuation - Error detection - Fisher information matrix - Models - Testing - Wavelet analysis - Wavelet decomposition
Uncontrolled terms:Drift - Drift-correction methods - Electronic nose (e-nose) - Fisher discriminant analysis - Recursive modeling - Temperature and humidities - Vinegar - Wavelet Packet Decomposition
Classification code:711 Electromagnetic Waves - 801 Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations - 922 Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.33e+00yr, Age 2.50e-01yr, Age 3.33e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20194607670482
Title:Effects of irrigation with reclaimed water on hydraulic characteristics of red soil
Title of translation:再生水灌溉对红壤水力特性的影响
Authors:Wang, Hui (1); Huang, Zhengzhong (1); Tan, Shuai (1); Hu, Chuanwang (1); Wu, Yun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:120-127
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the rapid development of China's economy, the requirement for water resources from all walks of life is increasing. Using reclaimed water and other unconventional sources can greatly alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand for fresh water. However, long-term reclaimed water irrigation is one of the key factors that leads to the evolution of hydraulic characteristics of soil, and likely to increase the risk of soil degradation due to the high salt content of reclaimed water. As the irrigating water source, the reclaimed water discharged from the sewage treatment plant was selected in this test.During the wetting-drying cycle irrigation test, tested red soil was irrigated persistently with four kinds of reclaimed water with different concentrations, which were original reclaimed water (RW) and diluted concentration of 2 (RW-2), 4(RW-4), 6(RW-6) times. The selecting distilled water irrigation was control treatment (CK). Meanwhile, two irrigation modes applied to this study, such as continuous irrigation and alternate irrigation (irrigation with reclaimed water and distilled water alternately/ the corresponding treatments were expressed as: ARW, ARW-2, ARW-4, ARW-6). Finally, sampling was not started until the infiltration rate tended to stabilize after three times under the same treatment. In order to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of red soil, the soil water characteristic curve was measured by pressure membrane method, relying on van Genuchten (VG) model to extract the parameters of the water characteristic curve after fitting it. The results indicated that reclaimed water irrigation significantly affected the water retention of red soil and accelerated the evolution of pore's size, quantity and distribution in red soil. The variation law was closely related to the concentration of reclaimed water and irrigation mode. Compared with CK treatment, continuous irrigation RW, RW-2, RW-4, RW-6 treatments, available water content in turn increased by 5.4%, 3.6%, 14.6%, -8.1%; Alternate irrigation ARW, ARW-2, ARW-4, ARW-6 processing, available water content reduced by 9.9%, 23.3%, 26.5%, 16.9%, respectively. Compared with the control group, continuous irrigation had no significant effect on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of red soil, while alternate irrigation had significant effect. In the same moisture content, red soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and water diffusivity from big to small both could be described as CK»ARW-4>ARW-6>ARW>ARW-2 under alternative irrigation generally. Reclaimed water irrigation had significant influence on VG model parameters (θ<inf>s</inf><sup>'</sup>, θ<inf>r</inf><sup>'</sup>, α, n ), the pH, conductivity and sodium-adsorption ratio of reclaimed water were significantly correlated with the available water content of red soil. These results provided theoretical basis and technical support for the long-term utilization and risk assessment of reclaimed water in red soil areas. At present, reclaimed water and other low-quality water have not been put into agricultural production in south China. The change rules of water movement and retention in red soil under reclaimed water irrigation analyzed in this paper will have certain value and significance for the sustainable and efficient utilization and development of water resources, and also provide reference for the scientific irrigation of reclaimed water in south China because the red soil is the typical farming soil in this region.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Curve fitting - Diffusion in liquids - Economics - Hydraulic conductivity - Irrigation - Reclamation - Risk assessment - Sewage treatment plants - Soil moisture - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Alternative irrigations - Available water contents - Characteristic curve - Hydraulic characteristic - Re-claimed water - Soil-water characteristic curve - Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 2.33e+01%, Percentage 2.65e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 5.40e+00%, Percentage 9.90e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20194607670323
Title:Effect of water and fertilizer coupling on root growth, soil water and nitrogen distribution of cabbage with drip irrigation under mulch
Title of translation:水肥耦合对膜下滴灌甘蓝根系生长和土壤水氮分布的影响
Authors:Wu, Xianbing (1, 2, 3); Bai, Meijian (1); Li, Yinong (1); Du, Taisheng (3); Zhang, Shaohui (1); Shi, Yuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Bai, Meijian(baimj@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:110-119
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The water and fertilizer application scheduling is the main factor affecting the efficiency of water and fertilizer use and crop yield as well as the root growth of crops and the distribution of soil water and nitrogen in soil profile. This study focused on the experimental observation and analysis of cabbage root growth, soil water and nitrogen distribution under different water and fertilizer application scheduling with drip irrigation mulch in greenhouse, aiming at putting forward a better water and fertilizer application scheduling for cabbage cultivation in greenhouse in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Three nitrogen amounts (200, 300 and 400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) were selected from the recommended range of nitrogen application rates in published literatures and three irrigation amounts were determined (irrigation upper/lower limit:90% θ<inf>f</inf> /75%θ<inf>f</inf>, 100%θ<inf>f</inf> /85%θ<inf>f</inf> and 100%θ<inf>f</inf> /75%θ<inf>f</inf>, θ<inf>f</inf> is the field capacity.). Then, three schemes of water and fertilizer application scheduling were established: treatment 1 (low water and high fertilizer), treatment 2 (high water and low fertilizer) and treatment 3 (medium water and medium fertilizer), and field comparison experiments for two seasons were carried out in the greenhouse of the Water Saving Irrigation Demonstration Base of the Ministry of Water Resources. The experimental results showed that the root distribution ratios in 0-20 cm and 0-40 cm soil layers of the three treatments were above 90% and 98% (the proportion of total root weight), respectively. However, the distribution ratio of roots in higher irrigation lower limit (85%θ<inf>f</inf>) was higher than that in lower irrigation lower limits (75%θ<inf>f</inf>) in 0-20 cm soil layers. And a larger amount of water and fertilizer (treatment 3) could increase the total root weight. The water and fertilizer application scheduling of treatment 2 (high water and low fertilizer) could keep higher soil moisture content (average value of soil volume moisture content 28.44%-33.48%) and smaller coefficient of variation (0.08-0.13) in 0-60 cm soil layer during the whole growth period, and the leakage of irrigation water to deep layer (below 60 cm soil layer) was not obvious. The changes of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the soil during the growth period mainly occurred in the 0-40 cm soil layer, and the change of soil layer below 40 cm was small. For the cabbage with more than 98% of the root system distributed in the soil layer of 0-40 cm, this was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of N by the root system, thus improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen of cabbage. However, larger amount of irrigation water when fertilizing might lead to the leaching of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen to the deep layer (below 60 cm). In addition, after harvesting, the residues of treatment 1 (nitrogen application rate 400 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and treatment 3 (300 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) in 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly higher than those of treatment 2 (200 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) (P < 0.05), of which treatment 1 was 2.28-2.83 times of treatment 2 and treatment 3 was 1.77-2.45 times of treatment 2. The residual nitrate nitrogen might damage soil environment and cause groundwater pollution. Therefore, comprehensive analysis showed that the suitable nitrogen application rate of cabbage was 200 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, the appropriate lower irrigation limit was 85%θ<inf>f</inf>, and the irrigation upper limit was 100%θ<inf>f</inf>. This result could provide technical reference for the water and fertilizer management of cabbage with drip irrigation under mulch and reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Efficiency - Greenhouses - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Irrigation - Moisture determination - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Scheduling - Soil moisture - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Cabbage - Drip irrigation under mulches - Nitrogen distribution - Root growth - Soil water content
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.84e+01% to 3.35e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20194607670313
Title:Respiratory behavior detection of cow based on Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow algorithm
Title of translation:基于Lucas-Kanade稀疏光流算法的奶牛呼吸行为检测
Authors:Song, Huaibo (1, 2, 3); Wu, Dihua (1, 2, 3); Yin, Xuqiang (1, 2, 3); Jiang, Bo (1, 2, 3); He, Dongjian (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:215-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Intelligent detection of respiratory behavior of dairy cows was of great significance for automatic diagnosis of diseases and promotion of precise breeding of dairy cows. Based on the characteristics of repeated abdominal movements when the dairy cows breathe and Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow algorithm, a non-contact detection method for respiratory behavior of single-target dairy cow in unstructured aquaculture environment was proposed. First, test videos were decomposed into sequence frames and video sequence frames were converted from RGB color space to HSV color space. The V in the HSV color space represented the luminance component. The brightness of the boundary of cow's speckle varied greatly and was easy to detect. In this study, the V component was extracted from HSV color space and extended to the normal gray scale. The mask extracted by the target cow was obtained by the Otsu algorithm binarization processing. According to the characteristics of the noise, a disk type structural element with a radius of 5 pixels was selected and the small noise and the connected area caused by feces around the dairy cow's speckle in the mask were removed by opening operation. After denoising, the mask for target extraction was used to remove the irrelevant background, and then Canny edge detection operator was used to extract the target cow. Target dairy cows were detected by edge detection to get the mask of the speckle boundary. The gray image of the cow's speckle boundary was extracted from the gray image of the frame image using the mask. Then the fine noise was removed by Gaussian filtering and the merging flow direction of the cow's speckle boundary was calculated and extracted by using Lucas-Kanade sparse optical flow algorithm model. Finally, the detection of cow's respiratory behavior was obtained according to the variation rule of the average direction of the speckle edge measurement and the mathematical model of the respiratory behavior test proposed in this study. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a total of 25 200 frames of 105 experimental videos captured in different environments and interference factors were tested, and compared with sparse Lucas-Kanade optical flow method based on full video frame, Horn-Schunck optical flow method based on full video frame and speckle boundary optical flow method. The algorithm was evaluated by algorithm running time t and respiratory behavior detection accuracy. The experimental results showed that the frame image processing time of this algorithm was between 0.10 and 0.13 seconds, the maximum running time of the algorithm was 15.13 s and the minimum running time was 12.55 s and the average running time of this algorithm on 105 test videos was 14.14 seconds. The detection accuracy of respiratory behavior of dairy cows ranged from 83.33% to 100%, with an average accuracy of 98.58%. The average running time of this algorithm was 1.60 seconds slower than detecting the entire frame image with the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method, 7.30 seconds faster than detecting the optical flow of entire frame image by using the Horn-Schunck optical flow method and 9.16 seconds faster than detecting the optical flow of cow speckle borders by Horn-Schunck optical flow method. The average accuracy of respiratory behavior detection was 1.91, 2.36 and 1.26 percent point, respectively. The results showed that the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method was feasible to detect the changes of the border photorheology of dairy cow speckle for detecting the respiratory behavior of dairy cows. This study could provide reference for automatic monitoring of thermal stress behavior of dairy cows based on video surveillance and remote diagnosis of other diseases related to respiratory behavior.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Optical flows
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Diagnosis - Edge detection - Luminance - Optical data processing - Security systems - Speckle - Video signal processing
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic monitoring - Average running time - Behavior detection - Binarization processing - Intelligent detection - Non-contact detection - Optical flow algorithm - Optical flow methods
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 716.4 Television Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 741.1 Light/Optics - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.26e+00%, Percentage 2.36e+00%, Percentage 8.33e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.86e+01%, Time 1.00e-01s to 1.30e-01s, Time 1.26e+01s, Time 1.41e+01s, Time 1.51e+01s, Time 1.60e+00s, Time 7.30e+00s, Time 9.16e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20194607667657
Title:Optimization of process for preparation of furan compounds by pyrolysis catalytic conversion of corncob
Title of translation:玉米芯热解催化转化制备呋喃类化合物工艺优化
Authors:Li, Wenbin (1); Zheng, Yunwu (1); Li, Shuirong (2); Lu, Yi (1); Zhu, Yongfeng (2); Wang, Jida (1); Zheng, Zhifeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Materials Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) Fujian Provincial Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen; 361102, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Zhifeng(zhifeng.zheng@xmu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:256-262
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis products was an important way for converting biomass to high-value chemicals. Catalytic pyrolysis process produced a higher-oxygenated containing bio-oil over 100 compounds. Furan compounds (furans) were important green platform chemicals in organic synthesis. In order to find a new route for production of furans from catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by gas-solid heterogeneous catalyst, catalytic conversion of biomass into furan yield and selectivity with catalytic pyrolysis vapor upgrading over different types of catalysts (Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, MCM-41, AC (Activated Carbon), HZSM-5 (Si/Al=38, 46, 80), TiO<inf>2</inf> and ZrO<inf>2</inf>) were investigated. Simultaneously, the response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum process conditions of catalytic pyrolysis of corncob by using MCM-41, AC and TiO<inf>2</inf> as catalysts. The results showed that MCM-41 and AC catalysts had the largest specific surface area, followed by HZSM-5, while Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, ZrO<inf>2</inf> and TiO<inf>2</inf> had the opposite results. In addition, all the catalyst belonged to mesoporous catalysts with the average pore size of 3-16 nm. The main components of corncob with non-catalytic pyrolysis were aldehydes and ketones (17.62%), furans (22.55%) and aromatic compounds (25.18%). Moreover, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone, 2, 3-dihydro-benzofuran and catechol had the highest contents, which were 8.65%, 13.1% and 4.01% respectively. All catalysts inhibited the formation of acid compounds, especially, when AC and HZSM-5(80) were added, the acidic compounds disappeared. The formation of aldehydes and ketones was not significant with the presence of ZrO<inf>2</inf>, and was inhibited by other types of catalysts. And, HZSM-5 (38), HZSM-5 (46) and AC enhanced the formation of aromatic hydrocarbon, which increased by 1.82%, 14.12% and 12.64% respectively. However, other catalysts were facilitating the formation of furans, which increased by 7.89% (TiO<inf>2</inf>), 8.88 %( MCM-41), 6.23 %( AC) and 4.95 %( ZrO<inf>2</inf>), respectively compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis. The maximum yield of furfural of 3.46% was obtained (catalyst is AC) under the conditions of catalytic pyrolysis temperature of 500℃ and mass ratio of corncob to catalyst of 2:1. Both TiO<inf>2</inf> and HZSM-5 catalysts promoted the formation of furfural, but the effect was not significant. The other catalysts inhibited the formation of furfural. The influence of HZSM-5 catalyst on 2 (5H) -furanone was small, while the other catalysts promoted the production of 2 (5H) -furanone, the maximum yield was obtained with the presence of MCM-41, which increased by 5.45%. And the addition of catalyst inhibited the formation of -benzofuran-2, 3-dihydrogen and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. All the catalysts promoted the production of 5-methyl-2(3H) -furanone except for Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. A highly fitting regression equation was obtained by using the response surface methodology to optimize the preparation process of furans compounds produced by catalytic pyrolysis of corncob, which could effectively predict the yield of furans. The order of effect parameters on the yield of furans was as follows: catalyst > catalytic pyrolysis temperature > mass ratio of corncob to catalyst. The yield of furans could reach 35.30% at the optimum process conditions of catalytic pyrolysis temperature of 550℃ and the mass ratio of corncob to catalyst of 1:1 by using AC catalyst. It would provide a basis for the catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for production of high value-added chemicals by using heterogeneous catalysts at gas-solid catalytic reaction conditions. And it would provide a new pathway for furans production.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Catalyst selectivity
Controlled terms:Activated alumina - Activated carbon - Aldehydes - Aluminum oxide - Aromatic hydrocarbons - Biomass - Catalysis - Furfural - Ketones - Organic chemicals - Organic pollutants - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Surface properties - Titanium dioxide - Zirconia
Uncontrolled terms:4-Hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone - 5 hydroxymethyl furfurals - Catalyst screening - Catalyzation - Corncob - Furan compounds - Optimum process conditions - Response surface methodology
Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.26e+01%, Percentage 1.31e+01%, Percentage 1.41e+01%, Percentage 1.76e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+00%, Percentage 2.26e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 3.46e+00%, Percentage 3.53e+01%, Percentage 4.01e+00%, Percentage 5.45e+00%, Percentage 8.65e+00%, Size 3.00e-09m to 1.60e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20194607667662
Title:Evolution law of expansion-shrinkage crack and its disturbance rule of expansive soil
Title of translation:膨胀土胀缩裂隙演化及其扰动规律分析
Authors:Yang, Zhenbei (1); Hu, Dongxu (1); Wang, Shiji (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing; 408100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shiji(shjwang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:169-177
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Expansive soil is a kind of multi-fissure clay rich in hydrophilic minerals. Its strong characteristics of water absorption expansion and water loss contraction make it very sensitive to the change of environmental humidity. In the process of rainfall and evaporation under natural conditions, the structure of expansive soil shows softening characteristics after the initiation and development of dilatant cracks. Its strength and deformation resistance gradually decline and easily lead to slope collapse, subgrade settlement and damage of water conservancy facilities. The degradation of soil strength has a negative impact on the agricultural ecological environment. In order to quantitatively study the evolution characteristics of swelling and shrinkage cracks of expansive soil and the law of disturbance to soil mass, so as to analyze the mechanism of the engineering and ecological environment disasters caused by soil strength degradation, drying and wetting cycle-CT tests on Hefei expansive soil are carried out to obtain the CT images of the internal structure of soil mass under different drying-wetting cycles. The gray value of CT image is extracted to study the change rule of gray value with the action of dry and wet circulation and the distribution characteristics along the axial direction of the sample. Based on the texture feature research method of grayscale symbiosis matrix, the feature values of grayscale symbiosis matrix (Angular Second Moment, ASM and Contrast, CON) are extracted from the CT images to analyze the texture change rules of the crack images in the dry-wet cycle disturbance of expansive soil. In addition, the structural strength of natural expansive soil under the action of drying-wetting cycle is studied by triaxial shear test. The results show that the image gray value reduces along the development of cracks gradually. In the early stage of the drying-wetting cycle, the average gray value is distributed in the axial direction of the sample, but it is gradually uniform in the later stage. The discrete coefficient reaches to its maximum value after three drying-wetting cycles, which increase to 106% compared with that before the dry and wet cycle. The angular second moment (ASM) decreases with the increase of the times of drying-wetting cycles. Moreover, its value in the directions of 0° and 90° is higher than that in the directions of 45° and 135° to 9%. Contrast (CON) decreases with the increase of the numbers of drying-wetting cycles. The value in the 0 °and 90° directions is smaller than that in the 45° and 135° directions to 52%. Thus, it is more sensitive to the direction of texture. The expansion and contraction cracks damage the structure of the undisturbed expansive soil. After five drying-wetting cycles, the strength of the two soils decrease by 62% and 46% respectively, and the difference between the strength of undisturbed expansive soil and remold expansive soil also decrease from 347.3 to 21.3 kPa. The curves of the disturbance functions defined by angular second moment, contrast and the strength of the original soil connection structure are highly coincident. The eigenvalue disturbance function can better describe the strength characteristics of expansive soil under the disturbance of the expansion and contraction cracks.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Clay minerals - Computerized tomography - Drying - Ecology - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Environmental regulations - Image analysis - Shrinkage - Stages - Swelling - Textures - Water absorption - Water management - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - Disturbance functions - Drying and wetting cycles - Environmental humidities - Evolution characteristics - Expansion and contraction - Expansive soils - Strength characteristics
Classification code:402.2 Public Buildings - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.20e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Pressure 3.47e+05Pa to 2.13e+04Pa, Percentage 1.06e+02%, Percentage 4.60e+01%, Percentage 5.20e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20194607670454
Title:Impact of primary flow rate on fish locomotion law in jet fish pump based on high speed photography
Title of translation:高速摄影技术分析射流式鱼泵流量对鱼运动规律影响
Authors:Xu, Maosen (1); Huang, Bin (1); Mou, Jiegang (2); Gu, Yunqing (2); Zhou, Peijian (2); Wu, Denghao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310023, China; (2) College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Denghao(wudenghao@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:74-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Sea cages have been widely used in fish industry in the recent years. Traditional method to transport fish is to lift the fish container, which is energy-intensive and could lead to fish losses. Energy-efficient fish pumps have been developed as a replacement in aquaculture to transport fish aimed to alleviate fish losses. Based on its operating principle, traditional fish pump can be classified into three types: Impeller fish pump, pressure/vacuum (P/V) fish pump, and jet fish pump. The impeller fish pump has specially designed high-speed rotating blades, which are efficient to transport fish but could hit the fish and result in casualties. The P/V fish pump is more friendly to the fish, but its discontinuous operation in suction and discharge is inefficient in energy. In contrast, the annular jet pump works by transferring momentum from a high-velocity primary stream to a secondary stream, improving its overall performance compared to other two fish pumps due to its non-rotation and continuous operation. Based on high speed photography, this paper presents an experimental study on impact of the primary flow rate on locomotion of Carassius auratus, Megalobrama amblycephala and Ctenopharyngodon idella in a jet fish pump under five operating conditions. The experimental results showed that with primary flow rate increasing, both percentage of backward-moving fish and the average transit time of the fish decreased, while the posture change rate and the average collision force between the fish and the wall increased. At low primary flow rate, the percentage of backward-moving fish was above 85%, the average transit time of the fish was more than 300 ms, the posture change rate was less than 6% and the average collision force between the fish and the wall was between 1 and 3 N. At the high primary flow rate, the percentage of backward-moving fish was between 50% and 85%, the average transit time of the fish was between 125 and 175 ms, the posture change rate was between 9% and 18% and the average collision force of the fish was between 5 and 7 N. Among the three types of fishes, Ctenopharyngodon idella had the longest transit time and highest posture change rate in the pump; they also suffered the biggest collision force with the cage wall in most operating conditions. Our results alluded that the jet fish pump can be optimized by intensifying the mixture of the primary flow and the secondary flow in the suction chamber and the throat to increase the posture change rate of the fish. This can reduce the transit time of the fish and increase the transport performance of the pump. In summary, the main contribution of our work is elucidation of the influence of the primary flow rate on locomotion of fish in jet fish pump. It provides guidelines to optimization of jet fish pump with locomotion of fish in consideration.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:20
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Energy efficiency - Fisheries - Flow rate - High speed photography - Impellers - Pumps
Uncontrolled terms:Continuous operation - Discontinuous operation - High-speed rotating - Operating condition - Operating principles - Primary flow - Traditional fishes - Transport performance
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 631 Fluid Flow - 742.1 Photography
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.00e+00N to 3.00e+00N, Force 5.00e+00N to 7.00e+00N, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 8.50e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00% to 1.80e+01%, Time 1.25e-01s to 1.75e-01s, Time 3.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20194607670291
Title:Determination of thermal performance parameters of low-energy anaerobic fermentation reactor in cold region
Title of translation:寒区低能耗厌氧发酵反应器热工性能参数确定
Authors:Liu, Jianyu (1, 2); Deng, Siwen (1); Yang, Shengming (1); Guan, Yanxuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Pig Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:248-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic fermentation reactor is the core device of biogas projects. The study of low-energy anaerobic fermentation reactor in cold region is not only helpful to reduce the energy loss of biogas projects and to improve the output ratio of energy consumption and productivity, but also particularly important for the promotion and application of large and medium-sized biogas projects in cold northern China. The key issue about the low-energy anaerobic fermentation reactor is how to reasonably and effectively utilize "quantity" and "quality" of energy under the premise of ensuring the function of the reactor. In this paper the full hybrid anaerobic fermentation reactor built on the ground is taken as the research object. According to the method of energy analysis and exergy analysis, the author analyzes the energy-saving characteristics of low-energy anaerobic fermentation reactor in cold region in terms of the geometry analysis and the performance of envelope thermal insulation and the heating method of low-exergy. In this paper, the key problem of anaerobic fermentation reactor design is solved by using the concept of building shape coefficient. First, the shape of the reactor cross section is determined and 3 types of the reactor body shape coefficient models are established and solved by numerical analysis. The calculation results show that the optimal shape of the low-energy anaerobic fermentation reactor is cylindrical, and the aspect ratio is 1:2. Second, based on heat transfer theory, the thermal conductivity models of the difference of the volume of the reactor envelope structure are established by statistical method and numerical analysis. The results show that the limits of thermal resistance of heat conduction of the top and side wall envelopes of the energy-saving reactors in Harbin, Shenyang and Beijing under the outdoor temperature in winter were determined. When using other types of reactor materials, such as reinforced concrete, lipo tank, enamel assembly tank, and the insulation materials such as: foam perlite, polyurethane, etc, the thickness of insulation material can be converted according to the heat conduction and thermal resistance of the enclosure structure. Third, according to the method of exergy analysis, the heating system of medium temperature anaerobic fermentation reactor is analyzed and level analysis is used. Exergic losses caused by irreversible process should be reduced as much as possible. The calculation results determine that the inlet and outlet temperatures of the thermal medium of heating system are 45 and 38℃respectively, and the heating system efficiency is 86%, and the logarithmic mean temperature difference is 5.8℃. The model calculation results showed that the energy level difference between the energy supply and the energy consumption of the reactor is 0.018, which indicates that the energy levels can be matched and energy can be used efficiently. The conclusion can be used as a reference for energy saving design of low energy consumption anaerobic fermentation reactor in cold region.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Thermal insulation
Controlled terms:Aspect ratio - Biogas - Energy conservation - Energy dissipation - Energy utilization - Exergy - Fermentation - Heat conduction - Heat resistance - Heating - Heating equipment - Insulating materials - Numerical analysis - Numerical methods - Reinforced concrete - Statistical mechanics - Structural design - Tanks (containers) - Thermal conductivity
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas projects - Heat preservation - Heating consumption - Low exergies - Shape coefficients
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 412 Concrete - 413 Insulating Materials - 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials - 522 Gas Fuels - 525 Energy Management and Conversion - 619.2 Tanks - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20194607667665
Title:Wheat yellow rust monitoring method based on Sentinel-2 image and BPNN model
Title of translation:Sentinel-2影像和BP神经网络结合的小麦条锈病监测方法
Authors:Huang, Linsheng (1); Jiang, Jing (1, 3); Huang, Wenjiang (1, 2, 3); Ye, Huichun (2, 3); Zhao, Jinling (1); Ma, Huiqin (3); Ruan, Chao (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, 230601, China; (2) Sanya Institute of Remote Sensing, Sanya; 572029, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Wenjiang(huangwj@radi.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:178-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wheat yellow rust is a deadly disease of winter wheat and its timely and accurate detection at regional scale is critical to ameliorate infectious yield loss and safeguard wheat production. With the development in remote sensing technology, satellite imagery with high spatial resolution and high revisiting frequency has become increasingly accessible. Remote sensing data has a unique advantage over traditional method in detecting crop diseases and controlling their spreading, including simple operation, real-time detection, high spatiotemporal resolution and targeting specific-disease, especially the multispectral satellite imagery which covers a wide range of wave bands and provides rich information related to crop diseases at regional scale. Compared to conventional broad band satellite imagery, the Sentinel-2 is a sensor with three wave bands within the edge of the red light which are sensitive to crop diseases. In this study, a Sentinel-2 image acquired in May 12, 2018 was used to extract 26 characteristic variables related to wheat yellow rust, including 3 visible bands (blue, green and red) reflectance variables, one near infrared band, 3 red-edge bands, 14 broad-bands and 5 red-edge vegetation indices. An approach combining K-means and ReliefF algorithm is proposed to filter these features. We first used the RelieF algorithm to calculate the weight of each feature and filter out 10 features most relevant to the disease. The feature with maximum weight was then taken as the initial center of the K-Means algorithm, and other features were added to form a cluster in descending order of their weight. The combination of features with the highest clustering accuracy was taken as the final input variable to the model. The optimal features, including enhanced vegetation index (EVI), structure intensive pigment index (SIPI), simple ratio index (SR), normalized red-edge2 index(NREDI2), normalized red-edge3 index (NREDI3), three wide-band vegetation indices and 2 red edge band vegetation indices were fed into the yellow rust severity monitoring model as input. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) method was a widely used nonlinear artificial neural network and can learn, implicitly, the relationships between inputs and outputs via a multi-layered network. Network training is a process of continual readjustment of weights and thresholds by reducing the network error to a pre-sent minimum or pre-set training steps. We used BPNN to calculate severity of wheat yellow rust (healthy, slight, sever) in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi province, by using the broad-band vegetation indices and the red-edge band vegetation indices as inputs. The results showed that the BPNN model considering broad-band and red-edge vegetation indices as inputs worked better than model using only a single broad-band vegetation indices, improving accuracy by more than 10 percent point and commission accuracy and kappa coefficient reached by 83.3% and 0.73, respectively. The BPNN model includes more information in its input parameters, thereby improving the accuracy of detecting crop diseases. It is more suitable for detecting wheat yellow rust at regional scales and has a wide implication in monitoring and controlling crop diseases at regional scale.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Multilayer neural networks
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Backpropagation - Crops - Diseases - Infrared devices - K-means clustering - Network layers - Remote sensing - Satellite imagery - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Back-propagation neural networks - BPNN - Multispectral satellite imagery - Nonlinear artificial neural networks - Red edge - Spatio-temporal resolution - Wheat - Yellow rust
Classification code:655.2 Satellites - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20194607667517
Title:Performance of clean recombination heating systems for energy-saving small households
Title of translation:节能小户型农宅清洁复合供热系统的运行性能研究
Authors:Yuan, Feng (1); Wang, Yu (1); Guo, Hongwei (2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Safety Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin; 300384, China; (2) North China Municipal Engineering Design&Research Institute Co Ltd, Tianjin; 300074, China; (3) China Quality Supervising and Test Center For Gas Appliances(CGAC), Tianjin; 300384, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yu(wy41523@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:225-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rural areas in China is potential for installing clean heating system. Considering the distribution of rural population and housing, if we use the common central heating as the heating method, it will lead to low-density heating demand, high initial investment and high hot water transmission energy consumption, and rural buildings are facing the problem of relocation in the process of urbanization, thus decentralized heating is more suitable for rural areas in northern China. Multi-energy combination utilization, as a common means of clean heating, has few experimental studies in typical cold regions of China. The technical, economic and environmental assessments of different combined heating systems lack comparative analysis. Taking small-scale energy-saving heating system for farmhouse in Tianjin as an example, this paper proposes a method to asses technical, economic and environmental impact of different cleaning heating systems using meteorological data. We compared and analyzed the applicability and operation of three systems: the air-source heat pump combined with solar collector system, the condensed gas furnace combined with solar collector system, and air-source heat pump combined with condensed gas furnace system. The hot water load under different standards was calculated using an energy simulation software based on the heating load calculated for typical small household. The key equipment was selected based on the load level, and a test platform using floor radiation as terminal heating equipment was established to obtain the essential heating characteristics of the key equipment. Experiment based on the standards was conducted, and the relationship between the performance parameters of the key equipment and the outdoor environmental parameters were obtained. The primary energy consumption and primary energy rate of each system was evaluated based on typical annual meteorological data. Economic assessment of the three systems was based on the annual cost of their energy consumption and the existing energy policy; the environmental impact was assessed based on the annual energy consumption and the CO<inf>2</inf>, SO<inf>2</inf> and NO<inf>2</inf> emissions. The results show that the primary energy ratio and the consumption of the air-source heat pump water heater combined with solar collectors were equivalent to those of the solar collectors combined with gas furnace. The initial investment and operating cost of the air-source heat pump water heater combined with solar collector system were the lowest, with an annual cost of ￥1 638.29, but its heating quality was low when ambient temperature was below -6 °C. The subsidy provided from the clean heating policy accounts for 45.07% of the annual operating costs, indicating that the policy plays an important role in promoting the clean heating system. In terms of environmental impact, the pollutant emission of the scheme 2 was the lowest. The CO<inf>2</inf> emissions of Scheme 2 were 65% and 59% of Scheme 1 and Scheme 3, respectively. The SO<inf>2</inf> emissions of Scheme 2 were 9% and 8% of Scheme 1 and Scheme 3, respectively, and the NO<inf>x</inf> emissions of Scheme 2 were 26% and 23% of Scheme 1 and Scheme 3, respectively. This study provides technical reference for the application of clean heating in rural areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Air source heat pumps
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Computer software - Costs - Economic analysis - Energy conservation - Energy policy - Energy utilization - Heating - Hot water distribution systems - Investments - Meteorology - Nitrogen oxides - Oil furnaces - Operating costs - Pollution - Pumps - Rural areas - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Solar water heaters - Water - Water heaters
Uncontrolled terms:Air source heat pump water heaters - Annual energy consumption - Economic and environmental assessments - Environmental parameter - Performance parameters - Pollutant discharges - Primary energy consumption - Tianjin
Classification code:525 Energy Management and Conversion - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 4.51e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Temperature 2.67e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20194607670347
Title:Numerical simulation and influence factors analysis for infiltration characteristics of nitrate nitrogen under furrow irrigation with fertilizer solution
Title of translation:沟灌肥液入渗硝态氮运移特性数值模拟及影响因素分析
Authors:Nie, Kunkun (1); Nie, Weibo (1); Bai, Qingjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Nie, Weibo(nwbo2000@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:128-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper aims to study solute transport in soil under furrow irrigation and fertilization. Sandy loam and clay loam taken from Yangling district in Shaanxi province were repacked into laboratory tanks; 2D furrow irrigation and fertigation with KNO<inf>3</inf> as fertilizer was conducted in attempts to investigate the movement of water and nitrate in the soils under different conditions. For each treatment, we inversely calculated the hydraulic and solute transport parameters of the soils by calibrating the simulated results against the measurements, and we then analyzed nitrate transport in the soils under different initial soil moisture and fertilizer concentration. The results showed that change in fertilizer concentration could alter soil hydraulic properties. In particular, we found that increasing fertilizer concentration led to an increase in saturated moisture content, the shape parameter n in the van Genuchten formula and saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, while reducing the air-entry parameter α in the van Genuchten formula. The parameters obtained from the inverse method were used to simulate fertilizer movement under furrow irrigation and fertigation. The simulated cumulative infiltration and advancement of the wetting front were both consistent with the measurements, with their mean relative errors being less than 6.52%. The mean relative errors of the simulated solute transport were higher than that of the water but were less than 11.49%. Given other uncertainties involved in water flow and solute transport in the soils, the errors of the parameters and the model were tolerable and were representative of the soils. The simulated water flow and solute transport under different conditions revealed that NO<inf>3</inf> distribution in the sandy loam and the clay loam were geometrically similar, and that the initial soil moisture and fertilizer concentration significantly impacted NO<inf>3</inf> movement in which the spatial spreading of NO<inf>3</inf> increased with initial soil moisture and fertilizer concentration. The depth of water in the furrow and the width of the furrow bottom were found to affect NO<inf>3</inf> movement in horizontal direction more significantly than in vertical direction, and that the spreading of NO<inf>3</inf> in horizontal direction increased with the water depth in the furrow and the width of the furrow bottom. These suggest that under furrow irrigation and fertigation, increasing water depth in the furrow and/or the width of the furrow bottom could ameliorate the risk of NO<inf>3</inf> leaching by enhancing its horizontal movement; and NO<inf>3</inf> leaching can be further reduced by not fertilizing when initial soil moisture is high and reducing the concentration of the fertilizer solution. Our results have a wide implication and they provide a general guidance for scheduling furrow irrigation and fertilization.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:46
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Errors - Fertilizers - Flow of water - Hydraulic conductivity - Inverse problems - Irrigation - Leaching - Nitrates - Nitrogen fertilizers - Potash - Potassium Nitrate - Soil conditioners - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Solute transport
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative infiltrations - Horizontal movements - Infiltration characteristic - Initial soil moisture - Numerical inversion - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil hydraulic properties - Solute transport parameters
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 6.52e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20194607670336
Title:Internal land use structure difference analysis of rural settlements in Pinggu District, Beijing
Title of translation:北京市平谷区农村居民点内部用地结构差异分析
Authors:Tian, Yaya (1, 2); Jiang, Guanghui (1, 2); He, Xin (1, 2); Qu, Yanbo (3); Zhou, Dingyang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan; 250014, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Guanghui(macrophage@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:263-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Studying the internal structure differences of rural residential land on the micro scale is conducive to timely adjusting the management measures of rural settlements, adapting local conditions and differentiation to promote the adjustment of the internal land use structure in rural settlements, guiding the scientific planning of rural residential land according to different types and improve the land use efficiency within rural settlements. Taking Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, this paper conducts a survey and comparative analysis of the internal land use structure of five rural settlements with different development types by using the function-based internal land use structure classification system and the method of combination coefficient and the order degree of the internal land use structure in rural settlements. The research shows that the living function land is the basic land use structure in rural settlements, the production function land is the derivative structure, the ecological function land is the auxiliary structure, and the potential function land is the variable structure. To a certain extent, the absolute dominance of land use structure in rural settlements is associated with a single industrial structure and land use type, which indicates that the competitive advantage in rural areas is weak and the driving force for economic development is obviously insufficient. In accordance with the development types of rural settlements, there are obvious differences in the land combination types of the five typical rural residential areas. Affected by the five-dimensional driving factors such as natural conditions, location conditions, economic level, industrial structure, livelihood types and policy conditions, the internal land quantity structure, combination types and information entropy of different development types in rural settlements are significantly different, while the spatial structure shows convergence. With the social and economic development level improving, the land use structure of rural settlements shows a trend of stable change in living function land, an increase in production function land and a decrease in ecological function. The optimization of rural land use structure should pay attention to the adjustment of its variable influencing factors to form a harmonious unity between land use structure and its development conditions so as to promote rural economic development. Village planning should promote the improvement of rural land on the basis of fully evaluating the development level and development potential of rural settlements. First of all, with the goal of improving the quality of rural living space, measures should be adjusted to local conditions to carry out homestead replacement and site renewal, speed up the construction of village infrastructure and public service facilities, and carry out rural hollowing-out. In addition, we should give full play to the comparative advantages of various villages in agricultural and industrial production, develop modern agriculture, improve agricultural production technology and level, and carry out agricultural industrialization pilot projects. Meanwhile, we should also promote industrial production scale and industrial land use efficiency by adjusting industrial structure and improving industrial production technology. Villages endowed with characteristic resources should make rational use of their resources to develop rural tourism and characteristic industries, and form a benign mutual promotion mechanism between the protection of characteristic resources and the development of villages. At the same time, we should actively carry out farmland consolidation, develop unused land and reclaim or return green according to local conditions to increase rural ecological space and improve the rural living environment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Competition - Ecology - Economic and social effects - Efficiency - Housing - Land use
Uncontrolled terms:Combination type - Land-use structures - Ordering degree - Pinggu districts - Rural settlement
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20194607670447
Title:Stability of load regulation transition process of hydro turbine governor in power regulation mode
Title of translation:水轮机调速器功率调节模式下负荷调节过渡过程稳定性研究
Authors:Bao, Haiyan (1); Long, Liting (1); Fu, Liang (2); Wei, Jiafu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha; 410007, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:50-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Whether the load regulation transition process of the hydropower unit can be stably carried out will have an important impact on the safe operation of the power grid and the coordination of the source network as it is the backbone power supply for peak and frequency modulation in the power system,. During the load regulation transition process, the governor power mode automatically completes the power closed-loop regulation by the governor, and quickly responds to the load adjustment command issued by the AGC, which responses fast and realizes the coordinated control of the primary frequency modulation and the AGC. Due to the combination of water hammer effect, the nonlinearity of the turbine and the time-varying parameters, the stability characteristics of load regulation transition process of hydropower units become more complicated than imagined. At present, the research on governor power mode mostly focuses on control logic, experimental simulation and control parameters optimization and rarely involves the stability problem of load regulation. Yet there are actually more than one hydropower plants that have experienced instability during operation. The problem of instability in the power mode leads to power oscillation, endangering the security of the grid and the coordination of the source network. In this paper, the method of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is used to deeply analyze the stability of the transition process of load regulation under the governor power mode of hydraulic turbine, therefore the stability region of unit operation with the governor parameters as variables is obtained and the discriminant for the stability of load regulation transition process in the power mode of governor is deduced. Through this discriminant, the stable condition of load regulation transition process can be obtained quickly, and the parameter setting of governor in power mode can be effectively guided to ensure the stable operation of hydropower unit. The influence of water flow inertia T<inf>w</inf>, servo response characteristic T<inf>y</inf> and turbine characteristics on the stability domain are analyzed. The results show that the value of T<inf>w</inf> has a great influence on the stability region. As the value of T<inf>w</inf> increases, the area of the stable region decreases, which is not conducive to the stability of the system. With the increase of T<inf>y</inf>'s value, the area of the stability region increases, which is conducive to the stability of the system. When T<inf>y</inf>'s value decreases, the governor parameter K<inf>p</inf> should be reduced in order to ensure the stability of the power regulation process. The study also indicates that the operating condition of water turbine has a great impact on the system's stability region. The size of the stability region is closely related to the product value of the comprehensive characteristic coefficient of water turbine e and the transfer coefficient of water turbine e<inf>y</inf>. The larger the product value, the smaller the system's stability region. Based on the research results of this paper, a detailed analysis of a case of hydropower unit is carried out. According to the comprehensive characteristic curve of the turbine, the most unfavorable working condition of power regulation stability can be accurately found. The research results of this paper can effectively guide the safe operation of hydropower units, which is of great significance to the safety of the power grid and the coordination of the source network.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:System stability
Controlled terms:Convergence of numerical methods - Electric power transmission networks - Energy policy - Flow of water - Frequency modulation - Governors - Hydraulic motors - Hydraulic turbines - Hydroelectric power - Hydroelectric power plants - Numerical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental simulations - Hydropower stations - Hydroturbine governor - Hydroturbines - Load regulations - Power modes - Response characteristic - Time varying parameter
Classification code:525.6 Energy Policy - 602.1 Mechanical Drives - 611.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants - 617.1 Hydraulic Turbines - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20194607667676
Title:Effects of strip-collected chopping and mechanical deep-buried return of straw on physical properties of soil
Title of translation:秸秆粉碎集条深埋机械还田对土壤物理性质的影响
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1, 2); Liu, Feng (1); Jiao, Feng (3); Chang, Benchao (1); Jiang, Hui (4); Gong, Xiujie (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (4) Office of Academic Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (5) Institute of Tillage and Cultivation Resourses, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:43-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a direct and effective way to utilize crop straw, long-term straw returning has the effect of improving soil fertility and physical properties. Straw returning in Heilongjiang Province can be divided into three types: mulching return, plough-layer return and deep-buried return, with different models having different effects on the soil. Covering soil with straw significantly increases humidity of the soil but reduces the soil temperature during seedling stage, thus, it has both positive and negative effects on soil physical properties, with different results in different researches. The return of straw to the plough layer can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reducing the soil bulk density and increasing the soil water-storage ability. However, a large number of studies have concluded that plough-layer return can cause the soil to be fluffy and reduce water-retaining property because of the accumulating of the straw in the plough layer. It may cause the delay of crop emergence as well as reducing the crop yield for that the straw corruption may consume soil nutrients, resulting in insufficient soil nutrient during seedling growth. The technology of deep-buried return of straw can overcome the drawbacks of straw mulching and plough-layer return in agricultural production in North China. This technique can avoid problems of low ground temperature and delayed emergence of seedlings caused by mulching return in spring in cold areas and avoid problems of low quality of mechanical sowing and low emergence rate resulted from plough-layer return. Meanwhile, it can improve deep soil fertility and improve the soil physical properties. On the basis of deep-buried return, this paper puts forward the technology of strip-collected chopping and mechanical deep-buried return. The straw smashing and strip-collected machine is used together with moldboard plow to deeply bury the smashed straw under the plough layer. It can return the straw strips that are four times of the per unit yield deeply to the soil, forming the fertilization ditch which is separated by 180 cm. In the early stage, the effects of strip-collected chopping and mechanical deep-buried return of straw on crop growth and soil fertility change are studied. In order to clarify the soil physical properties after straw being concentrated into a strip returning, three treatments for comparative studies are carried out in this paper: normal tillage, plough-layer return and straw concentrated into a strip returning. The results show that after 3 years of continuous returning to the field, the soil consolidation rate and bulk density of 0-30 cm soil layer decrease by 1.17%-6.21% and 0.02-0.14 g/cm<sup>3</sup> respectively, with gas tolerance and water holding capacity increased. The total soil porosity increases by 0.70%-5.98% and the effective porosity increases by 0.22%-2.69%, the difference being significant than the control group. As in the control group, the soil consolidation rate and bulk density of 0-20 cm soil layer decrease by 2.42%-4.30% and 0.09-0.12 g/cm<sup>3</sup> respectively, with gas tolerance and water holding capacity increased. The total soil porosity and the effective porosity increase as well. The soil layer of straw concentrated returning is deep and interval work is conducted every three years. In the long run, the physical properties of the whole soil can be improved and the tillage layer can be thickened about 10 cm.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Crops - Fits and tolerances - Forestry - Nutrients - Physical properties - Porosity - Settlement of structures - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comparative studies - Mechanical deep-buried return - Physical and chemical properties - Positive and negative effect - Soil physical property - Strip-collected chopping - Water holding capacity
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+00yr, Mass_Density 2.00e+01kg/m3 to 1.40e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.00e+01kg/m3 to 1.20e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.17e+00% to 6.21e+00%, Percentage 2.20e-01% to 2.69e+00%, Percentage 2.42e+00% to 4.30e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 5.98e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.80e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20194607670303
Title:Design of high-speed cutting device for grafting vegetable seedlings
Title of translation:蔬菜嫁接苗高速切割装置设计
Authors:Bai, Zongchun (1); Lv, Xiaolan (1); Xia, Liru (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Lv, Xiaolan(68213620@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:35-42
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The existing grafting machines have some problems, such as immature technology, high price and difficulty in large-scale popularization and application. After a thorough study of the basic characteristics of artificial grafting pipeline, we find that there are problems of high labor intensity and low production efficiency in cutting and conveying links in the process of vegetable seedling artificial grafting. Then a new type of grafting mode, which uses high-speed seedling cutting and conveying device combined with artificial grafting, is proposed to improve the production efficiency of vegetable seedling grafting. Under this grafting mode, scion seedlings and stock seedlings are cut automatically by parallel automatic cutting devices, and then sent to artificial grafting station by conveying device. The final connection and fixing operation between stocks and scions are completed by the grafting workers. Based on the analysis of the basic characteristics of the existing seedling cutting devices, the basic geometric and mechanical characteristics of vegetable seedlings, a high-speed cutting and conveying device for vegetable seedlings is proposed, which includes a seedling conveying device, a seedling pulling device, a cutting device and a scion conveying device. The working principle is that the seedling trays reach the cutting device through the conveying device, the seedlings are cut off by the cutting device, and the upper scions are separated from the seedling trays under the action of the seedling pulling device to reach the scion conveying device. The seedling pulling device which consists of a rotating wheel and three paddles is designed to separate scions from the seedling trays after cutting. This seedling pulling method can realize continuous cutting of seedlings which can greatly improve cutting efficiency. According to the structure and working principle of the cutting device, the kinematics models of the cutting tool and the scion are established. And the theoretical relationship between the transporting speed of seedling, the rotating speed of the seedling pulling wheel and the cutting frequency of the cutting tool is analyzed. The results of theoretical analysis show that when the spacing of vegetable seedlings is fixed, the rotation angular speed of the seedling pulling wheel is proportional to the transportation speed of the vegetable seedling tray and inversely proportional to the number of paddles, and the cutting frequency is proportional to the transportation speed of the vegetable seedling tray. In order to study the performance of the cutting device, cutting experiments of vegetable seedlings are carried out, and the effects of seedling types and cutting parameters on cutting performance are studied. The results show that the cutting efficiency of vegetable seedlings reaches 37 000 plants/h, which meets the needs of 37 artificial grafting sites in the grafting pipeline and the design requirements. The cutting effect of the cutting device is influenced by the characteristics of vegetable seedlings themselves. The higher the hardness and consistency of the seedling is, the better the cutting effect. For the seedlings with softer stems, it is easy to leak of cutting because of the tilt of the seedlings, and it will increase the rate of injured seedlings because of the entanglement of the seedlings. The cutting effect of the harder seedlings is better than that of the softer seedlings. The main factor affecting the rate of seedling injury is the rotational speed of the pulling wheel. When the transporting speed of vegetable seedlings is fixed, the cutting frequency is too low to cause leakage cutting. The change of cutting frequency will affect the success rate of cutting when it increases to a certain value. There is an optimal rotating speed which makes the cutting injury rate the lowest, and when rotational speed of the pulling wheel deviates from the optimal rotating speed, the injury rate increases. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the transporting speed of seedling, the rotating speed of the seedling pulling wheel and the cutting frequency need to satisfy certain relations in order to obtain higher cutting efficiency and lower seedling injury rate. The development of the device provides a high efficiency and low cost man-machine collaborative production mode for large-scale grafted seedling production<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cutting tools - Efficiency - Grafting (chemical) - Pipelines - Rotating machinery - Speed - Vegetables - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Basic characteristics - Collaborative production - Cutting frequency - High speed cutting - Mechanical characteristics - Production efficiency - Seedling conveying device - Seedling pulling device
Classification code:601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20194607670271
Title:Soil water and salt dynamics and its coupling model at cropland-treebelt-desert compound system
Title of translation:农田-防护林-荒漠复合系统土壤水盐运移规律及耦合模型建立
Authors:Guo, Yong (1, 2, 3); Yin, Xinwei (1, 2, 3); Li, Yan (1, 2); Chen, Yuanyuan (1, 2, 3); Cui, Mengqi (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi; 830011, China; (2) Fukang Station for Desert Ecosystem Observation and Experiment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang; 831505, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Li, Yan(liyan@ms.xjb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:87-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water shortage and soil salinization are two of the most concerned problems in the arid inland river basins of Northwest China with very low precipitation and extremely high evaporative demand. Water-saving irrigation has been popularized within the arid regions of China to enhance the efficient use of water and fertilizer and improve economic efficiency. However, this has triggered a series of evident/potential eco-environment issues due to regional water and salt imbalance, including land deterioration, groundwater level descending, and natural vegetation degradation, etc. Thus, identifying the spatial-temporal dynamic, variability, and distribution characteristics of soil water and salt in arid ecosystem is of great significance to regional water resources management and vegetation conservation. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil water and salt and the variation of water and salt flux within and between different landscape units in arid areas under water-saving irrigation conditions. To achieve the objective, the soil water content (SWC), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), groundwater and vegetation dynamics were continuously monitored along a cropland-treebelt-desert compound system at the oasis-desert ecotone in the Sangong River Basin, Northwest China, from April to September 2018. A coupling model of soil water and salt in the cropland-treebelt-desert compound system based on BP neural network algorithm (BPNNA) was proposed, and the sensitivity of parameters of the coupling model and its application feasibility were discussed. The results showed that: 1) SWC and SEC of each landscape unit had obvious vertical stratification, horizontal progressive and seasonal fluctuation characteristics during the growth period (from April 1 to June 28) and non-growth period (from June 29 to September 15). Based on the coefficients of variation of soil water and salt, a 0-220/300 cm soil profile could be divided into three typical layers: active layer (0-40 cm), sub-active layer (>40-140 cm) and relatively steady layer (>140 cm). With increasing proximity to the treebelt, the SWC and SEC of the cropland showed a decreasing and increasing trend respectively, while the desert showed an increasing trend; the time-varying process in SWC and SEC of each typical soil layer of each landscape unit after precipitation and irrigation event could be well described by exponential decay function and three quadratic function, respectively. 2) Within the active or sub-active layer (140 cm in depth), a downward water flux was observed at the cropland and treebelt during the growth period, and a upward water flux was observed during the non-growth period, while at the desert a downward water flux was observed at the two periods. Soil water storage and accumulated soil salt of cropland and treebelt showed a decrease trend with the decrease of water table depth and/or the increase of evapotranspiration. Soil water and salt flux of desert had weak response to various influencing factors and their interaction effects, the leaching effect of the last adequate irrigation at the growth period could make the accumulated soil salt among cropland-treebelt-desert tend to be in a relatively balanced state. 3) The coupling model of soil water-salt using BPNNA with the 32-36-6 structure had a high simulation accuracy and applicability in the cropland-treebelt-desert compound system. Irrigation and water table depth were the main factors affecting soil water and salt dynamics in this system. The results could provide an insight for seeking a balance mechanism between production demand and ecological protection in oasis-desert systems under water-saving irrigation conditions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Deterioration - Dynamics - Ecosystems - Evapotranspiration - Forestry - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Irrigation - Landforms - Neural networks - Soil moisture - Vegetation - Water conservation - Water management - Water supply - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:BP neural networks - Coefficients of variations - Distribution characteristics - Exponential decay functions - Oasis-desert ecotone - Sensitivity of parameters - Soil electrical conductivity - Soil salinity
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.40e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20194607670307
Title:Determination and application verification for driving resistance of lateral move sprinkling machine
Title of translation:平移式喷灌机行走阻力的确定及验证
Authors:Li, Dan (1, 2); Zhu, Delan (1, 2); Liu, Kenan (3); Wang, Fangtong (4); Zhu, Peng (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agriculture Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (5) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Delan(dlzhu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:19-27
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pivot sprinkler irrigation is efficient and able to improve irrigation uniformity and water conservation, especially in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest China. The motor to move the sprinkler machine is one of the key components of the machine. Most methods available for calculating the power demand to move the sprinkler system is empirical and lack of scientific basis, despite its importance in sprinkler application and improving work efficiency. To bridge this gap, we investigated the dependence of this resistance on soil water content and soil bulk density via their impact on soil cohesion modulus, internal friction modulus, sinkage-exponent, cohesion and internal friction angle. We tested a loess soil and a Lou soil, two common soils in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest China. In the experiment, the soil were first air-dried and the deigned soil water content was achieved by evenly spraying a volume of water, calculated based on the water content, over the arid-dry soil followed by a thorough mixture to ensure homogeneity. Binary quadratic general rotation combination tests were then carried out. The change in the five soil mechanical parameters with water content and bulk density were calculated based on results obtained from plate-subsidence test and direct-shear box test, from which we calculated the variation of the resistance with moisture content and bulk density of the soils. Regression models linking each of the five mechanical parameters to moisture and bulk density were established and were used to configure the motor of the sprinkler machine. We verified the models against field tests conducted at Yangling and Yulin in Shannxi province. In the test, we measured the soil moisture and bulk density at 0, 50 and 100 m from the edge of the tested plot. The results showed that the cohesion modulus, internal friction modulus, sinkage-exponent, cohesion and internal friction angle of both soils changed significantly with both soil moisture and bulk density (P<0.05). With water content and bulk density increasing, the cohesion modulus of the loess soil decreased monotonically, while of the Lou soil increased first followed by a decrease. We also found that, as soil moisture and bulk density increased, the internal friction modulus of both soils decreased, and their sinkage-exponent decreased first followed by an increase. The regression model fitted the experimental results of both soils well. In particular, the regression model was quadratic for the cohesion modulus and sinkage-exponent, and linear for the internal friction modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle. The motor in the sprinkler machine configured from the regression model meet the power demand, with its rotating speed and torque for moving the sprinkling machine being 500 W, 2.6 N•m and 1 800 r/min for the loess soil, and 400 W, 2.2 N•m and 1800 r/min for the Lou soil. Compared to the measurement, the maximum relative error of the calculated power demand for the Lou soil and loess soil was 6.43% and 7.73%, respectively, proving the accuracy of the model. Our results provide a basis for configuring the power of the motor to move sprinkling machine over different soils in field.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Water content
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Electric power utilization - Internal friction - Machine components - Regression analysis - Sediments - Soil moisture - Soils - Sprinkler systems (irrigation) - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid regions - Bulk density - Internal friction angle - Maximum relative errors - Mechanical parameters - Power configuration - Soil-mechanical parameters - Sprinkler application
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601.2 Machine Components - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.43e+00%, Percentage 7.73e+00%, Power 4.00e+02W, Power 5.00e+02W, Rotational_Speed 1.80e+03RPM, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 5.00e+01m, Torque 2.20e+00N*m, Torque 2.60e+00N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20194607667522
Title:Optimization of cooperative operation path for multiple combine harvesters without conflict
Title of translation:联合收割机多机协同作业路径优化
Authors:Yao, Jingfa (1); Teng, Guifa (2, 4); Huo, Limin (1); Yuan, Yingchun (3); Zhang, Fan (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (2) Graduate School, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (3) School of Information Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071000, China; (4) Institute for Smart Farm Machines of Hebei, Baoding; 071000, China
Corresponding author:Teng, Guifa(tguifa@hebau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:12-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the continuous advancement of land transfer policy in China, large-scale production and management of planting has been realized. The simultaneous harvesting of multiple combine harvesters not only improves the efficiency, but also has great significance for completing planting and harvesting ahead of schedule, reducing the risk of natural disasters and realizing grain storage. However, due to improper operation path planning, there are some problems such as operation conflict, lower efficiency and higher cost. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study how to plan and optimize the conflict-free cooperative operation of multiple combine harvesters. Farmers are more concerned about when to finish their homework, while combine harvester operators are more concerned about the operation efficiency and the cost of combine harvesters. How to effectively organize multiple combine harvesters to cooperate in operation and how to save operation cost and shorten completion time is the key problem in combine harvester operation to meet the needs of farmers and operators to a greater extent. When multiple combine harvesters turn at the same headland and at the same time window, two combine harvesters may have the same or the opposite direction conflict, if the operation path planning is improper. To ensure that multiple combine harvesters could complete the harvest tasks of crop in a specified time with no conflicts and low operation cost in the process of cooperative operation, a conflict-free path optimization algorithm (IGA) for cooperative operation of multiple combine harvesters is proposed in the paper. IGA take the shortest total operation time and completion time as the optimization objective (the weights of total operation time and completion time are 0.4 and 0.6 respectively). The results showed that the total operation time and the completion time of the operation path optimized by traditional genetic algorithm (GA) in rectangular farmland are 33.72% and 34.00% lower than that of the operation path optimized by GA, respectively. When optimizing the operation path of trapezoidal farmland, the total operation time and the completion time of the operation path optimized by IGA are 29.93% and 30.00% lower than that of the operation path optimized by GA, respectively. It proves that the operation performance of the operation path optimized by IGA is better than that optimized by GA. Compared with side-by-side operation, the total operation time of rectangular and the trapezoidal farmland operation paths optimized by IGA decrease by 2.45% and 2.42% on average, and the completion time decrease by 2.29% and 2.02% on average. The results prove that IGA can always find better operation paths than side-by-side operation for different number of combine harvesters on the premise that there is no conflict between operation paths. With the number of combine harvesters increasing from 2 to 6, compared with side-by-side operation, the total operation time and the completion time of rectangular farmland operation path optimized by IGA respectively increase from 0.05% and 0.1% to 4.71% and 5.95%, and the decreasing extent is increasing, the effective field capacity is increasing. Similar to rectangular farmland operation, the total operation time and the completion time of trapezoidal farmland operation path optimized by IGA increase from 0.43% and 0.55% to 5.63% and 3.35% respectively. The study proves that IGA can always find better operation paths with no conflict for different number of combine harvesters than side-by-side operation, and the operation efficiency of combine harvester is higher. The research results provide a more reasonable conflict-free path for the cooperative operation of multiple combine harvesters.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Algorithms - Disasters - Efficiency - Farms - Genetic algorithms - Harvesters - Harvesting - Motion planning - Operating costs - Optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Conflict free - Cooperative operation - Large scale productions - Natural disasters - Operation efficiencies - Operation performance - Traditional genetic algorithms
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01% to 4.71e+00%, Percentage 2.02e+00%, Percentage 2.29e+00%, Percentage 2.42e+00%, Percentage 2.45e+00%, Percentage 2.99e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.35e+00%, Percentage 3.37e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 4.30e-01%, Percentage 5.00e-02%, Percentage 5.50e-01% to 5.63e+00%, Percentage 5.95e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20194607670315
Title:Spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and its influencing factors in small watershed of feldspathic sandstone region
Title of translation:砒砂岩区小流域土壤有机质空间分布特征及其影响因素
Authors:Yang, Zhenqi (1); Qin, Fucang (1); Li, Long (1); Ren, Xiaotong (1); Qian, Qiuying (1); Han, Jun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Desert Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Inner Mongolia Daxinganling Key State Forestry Administration, Yakeshi; 022150, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Fucang(qinfc@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The feldspathic sandstone region in middle reach of Yellow river is the main origin of course sand eroded to the river. It features with complex and diverse landforms characterized by ravines and gullies criss-cross, and is a key region for implementing the soil-water conservation and ecological restoration program in China. Since soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in almost all physical and biochemical processes in soil, understanding the spatial distribution of SOM is imperative to guide vegetation construction and reduce erosion of coarse sand into Yellow River. The Baojiagou small watershed, with an area of 12.67 km<sup>2</sup>, is a representative watershed in the Feldspathic sandstone region. It has been kept uninhabited and off anthrophonic effect in the test of an ecological immigration policy. Survey results reveal that forest and grassland are the main land use in the watershed. In this research, we analyzed SOM by sampling soils from a grid network in a plot in July 2018. Soil samples were taken from the depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm from each grid in the plot, and the SOM content in them was analyzed using sulfate digestion method. Soil potassium, dichromate and mechanical composition were measured by laser particle-size analyzer, and vegetation coverage was analyzed using photographic measurement. The spatial distribution of SOM and its dependence on environmental and topographical factors were analyzed using geo-statistics and the constrained ordination respectively. The results show that SOM content varied from 0.98 to 15.45 g/kg, and its dependence on topographic factors was ranked in the order of valley floor>slope> ridge. The semi-variance of SOM can be fitted by an exponential function, with its spatial variability being at medium level and the nugget effect ranging from 55.1 % to 57.5 %. SOM was rich in the center of the plot. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the first and second axis explained 96.1% and 2. 8% of the total variation of SOM, respectively, and the first two axes explained 99.3% of the relationship between SOM and environmental factors. The correlation coefficient of SOM to the environmental factors in the first axis was ranked in the order of vegetation coverage > soil erosion degree > soil particle diameter > slope position > elevation > slope. Vegetation coverage and soil erosion degree correlated to SOM most closely with the first ranking axis defined as the vegetation-soil erosion factor. The slope has the largest correlation coefficient with the second ranking axis, which was defined as slope factor. Vegetation coverage was the dominant factor affecting the spatial distribution of SOM, and soil erosion degree was the main factor impacting the vertical distribution of SOM in the feldspathic sandstone region. Our results suggest that the areas with shallow soil are not suitable for large-scale land preparation and afforestation, and that surface sealing works better for these areas. Gully areas with deep soil and good water and soil fertility are suitable for planting trees.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chromates - Ecology - Erosion - Exponential functions - Land use - Landforms - Organic compounds - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Potassium compounds - Reforestation - Rivers - Sandstone - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Spatial distribution - Sulfur compounds - Vegetation - Water conservation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Constrained ordination - Correlation coefficient - Distribution characteristics - Feldspathic sandstone region - Influencing factors - Laser particle size analyzer - Photographic measurements - Redundancy analysis (RDA)
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.1 Geology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.27e+07m2, Percentage 5.51e+01% to 5.75e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Percentage 9.93e+01%, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20194607670456
Title:Performance test of ringed ducts system for ventilating and cooling in large diameter squat silos and air flue setting opitimization
Title of translation:浅圆仓环壁通风降温系统的性能试验与风道设置优化
Authors:Chen, Yan (1); Wang, Zijia (1); Fu, Changqing (1); Cui, Weihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:285-292
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ventilating and cooling are popular measures to achieve high quality storage for cereals. In large diameter squat silos with high-moisture cereal, the heat gain conducted through the building envelope would accumulate in the cereal bulk if only conventional ventilation was applied. Normal ventilating modes, such as slots under the floor or ducts on the ground, could not provide an airflow organization meeting the temperature and moisture distribution demand in the large diameter squat silo, because the size and shape of the new-style was different from that of the exited. In this paper a ringed ducts experiment system was set up to study the ventilating and cooling effect for large diameter squat silos. Considering the different seasons for storage in practice, experiments were carried out in 2 different climate conditions: hot season mode and warm season mode, corresponding to spring/autumn and summer, respectively. The experiment included 3 parts: 1) bulk preheating- the cereal and the ambient temperatures were brought to a set initial value; 2) constant thermal environment - the radiator was turned on, so that the top of the silo was heated by uniform radiation, and the ambient temperature around the silo was constant in a preset range by feeding warm air; 3) cooling- the cold air was supplied into the silo at a temperature lower than that of the cereal until the average bulk temperature was stable. During the experiment process, the air velocity at the supply outlet in the vertical main pipe was 2.01-2.05 m/s, that was, an air supply volume of 6.58-6.67 m<sup>3</sup>/h. The ambient temperature and relative humidity was at the range of 25.59-28.48℃ and 46.3%-48.7% for warm season mode, and the range of 29.32-31.05℃ and 37.5%-39.2% for hot season mode. The initial temperature was approximately 27℃ in both modes. The effective temperature difference was 5 and 7℃ in warm season mode and hot season mode, respectively, considering 2 different dew-point temperatures. The results showed that external thermal environment had an influential effect on time spending for cereal cooling. The temperature drops in an hour were 0.43 and 0.16℃ for warm and hot season mode, respectively. At the ending of cooling, the average temperature of the bulk was 17.24 and 22.76℃ for the 2 modes, meeting the targets of quasi-low temperature and normal temperature storage (20 and 25℃, respectively). As to the temperature field after cooling, an expected uniformity was achieved in both warm season mode and hot season mode, along both the vertical and horizontal directions. The temperature difference between vertical cereal layers was 0.5℃ in warm season mode and 1.6℃ in hot season mode. With a supply temperature higher than dew point, the relative humidity in the cereal bulk fluctuated within a range of 5% during the cooling process. That was, no significant dehydration was found in the cereal bulk under both modes through the quick cooling processes from the experimental results. Furthermore, the configuration of ringed ducts was optimized by CFD method. The results were confirmed with experiment data, the maximum error between the experiment and the simulation was 1.89℃ and the average relative error was 6.43%. The simulation results indicated that a shorter time for cooling and better temperature distribution could be expected by moving the ringed ducts up to near the cereal bulk surface, which was consistent with the experiment results. With elevated ducts, a cold shielding effect was observed in a 5-cm range above the cereal surface and this prevented the heat flow from the top of the silo.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Ducts
Controlled terms:Air - Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling - Digital storage - Food storage - Moisture - Temperature - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Airflow organizations - Average relative error - Effective temperature - Large diameter squat silo - Moisture distribution - Temperature and relative humidity - Temperature differences - Ventilating
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.5 Ventilation - 694.4 Storage - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.75e+01% to 3.92e+01%, Percentage 4.63e+01% to 4.87e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.43e+00%, Size 5.00e-02m, Velocity 2.01e+00m/s to 2.05e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20194607670396
Title:Model establishment of spraying width of thin-walled micro-sprinkling hose
Title of translation:薄壁微喷带喷洒宽度模型构建
Authors:Di, Zhigang (1, 2); Yang, Luhua (1); Gou, Wanli (1); Wang, Jinyi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China; (2) Chinese Agricultural Water-saving & Rural Drinking Water Supply Technology Association, Beijing; 100053, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Luhua(yangluhua@tjau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:28-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is the biggest agricultural production country in the world and the agriculture is related to its stability and development. With the development in water-saving irrigation technology, micro-sprinkling hose has been widely promoted and applied in China in recent years as an improved equipment duo to its efficiency in water-saving. To facilitate production and upgrading, as well as guide planning and design of the micro-sprinkling hose in irrigation, we experimentally studied the spray width in the hose at Tianjin Agricultural Water Saving Technology Engineering Center (39°N, 116°E). After literature review and market research, we selected six common micro-sprinkling hoses available in the market, and measured and calculated their folding width, nozzle diameter and nozzle elevation angle in the spray width test. The length of the sample in the test was 5 m and the working pressure varied from 0.03 to 0.06 MPa. The micro-sprinkling hose was laid at the upfront to ensure uniform spraying on both sides of the hose. The water collecting bucket was on one side of the hose and five rays spaced 50 cm were arranged in the vertical direction of the hose, with the collecting bucket on the ray spaced 50 cm. At the end of the experiment, the amount of water in the bucket was measured and the spraying width was determined. In the meantime, we also measured the diameter of the spraying droplets using filter paper method. The quality of the paper was measured by a precision balance, and the water droplets were connected to the paper at the head, middle and end of the spray stream along the hose. The quality of the paper was measured again quickly by the precision balance prior to counting the number of water marks on it, which, along with mass balance, was used to calculate the diameter of the water droplets. The average diameter of the water droplets at different locations was taken as the diameter of the water droplets in the hose. Considering the factors such as air resistance, gravity and buoyancy that act on the water droplets, a model for water droplet moving in the hose was proposed based on the Newtonian fluid mechanics. We also derived a formula for the spray width, determined the parameters in the formula, validated them against experimental data, and analyzed the factors that affect the accuracy of the formula. The results show that the derived formula for spray width in the hose agreed well with both analytical values and experiment data, and, compared with the experimental data, its relative error for the six selected hoses was less than 10%. Both the experimental data and theoretical analysis of the formula reveal that the spray width in the hose increases with the elevation angle of the nozzle before declining after it peaked when the nozzle elevation angle was approximately 40°. The spray width increases with both working pressure and nozzle diameter within certain ranges. It was also found that the derived formula was accurate and can be used to calculate the spray width, offering a theoretical tool for planning and designing micro-sprinkling hose irrigation system.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Air - Commerce - Drops - Hose - Irrigation - Models - Newtonian liquids - Precision balances - Thin walled structures - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Elevation angle - Filter paper method - Flow - Nozzle diameter - Planning and designings - Water-saving irrigation - Working pressures
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+04Pa to 6.00e+04Pa, Size 5.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20194607670455
Title:Spatial evolution and optimization of rural yard in low mountain area in southern Sichuan
Title of translation:川南山地丘陵区乡村院落空间演变及优化
Authors:Meng, Bao (1, 2, 3); Peng, Li (1); Zhang, Shaoyao (1, 2); Zhou, Peng (1, 2); Deng, Wei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Research Center for Mountain Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) Institute of Environment Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin; 644000, China
Corresponding author:Deng, Wei(dengwei@imde.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:274-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a basic unit of rural settlement space, the rural yard is the main place of farmers' daily life. At present, the Chinese government is implementing the "Rural Revitalization" strategy, and the rural yards have become the focus of the optimization of courtyard space and the improvement of rural human settlements. However, there are a variety of problems such as low quality of space utilization and urgent need to improve the human settlements. These problems are mainly caused by the fact that farmers build their houses by themselves without or with little government guidance and planning. The rural yards are scattered in the hilly areas in Sichuan, and the public infrastructure is poor compared to the developed regions in China. Nowadays there are few studies focusing on this field. This study analyzes the evolution characteristics and spatial quality improvement of rural yard with Bowangshan town which is surrounded by low altitude mountains and hills in southern Sichuan as the research region. Researchers carry out deep surveys in 30 rural yards by checking the houses' site, construction time, resident structure, housing areas and functions. This study analyzes the evolution of yards in different periods (1960 s, 1980 s, 2000 s, after 2010) and different altitudes. (300, 400-700, over 700 m) The evolution characteristics in four aspects are looked into: living space, building appearance, production and landscape culture, including the natural and human factors of its evolution. The research shows that the layout of the rural yards of the study area is transferred from the middle of the hill with a small slope to the area of the dam with a low slope between the hills. The evolution of the functional space of the rural yards interior is obviously affected by urban civilization, and the traditional and regional characteristics of the current rural yards are not obvious. Due to the traditional living habits of farmers, the status of the living environment is usually dirty and chaotic. This study explores possible ways to solve such problems. That is, the local government should create a concept that reflects humanism and "Traditional Culture + Natural Environment", and provide an ideal rural yard model for farmers to imitate at the same time. Meanwhile, local government should pay more attention to improve the motivation of farmers in the courtyard construction, and stimulate the enthusiasm and the creativity of the farmers for the courtyards. However, with the advancement of China's urbanization process, the labor outflow from rural areas to cities will continue, and the design and renovation of rural yards in the future will be a difficult but important issue. For example, it will be hard to delimit the role of rural governments and farmers in the future improvement of rural yard space quality. What is more, how to deal with the relationship between regional characteristics, the creation of traditions and the trend of modern living environment will also bother the local government.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agriculture
Uncontrolled terms:Courtyard space - Human settlements - Rural life - Sichuan - Slot area between hills
Classification code:821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Size 7.00e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20194607670262
Title:Optimization of supercharger and injection parameters for diesel engine at plateau environment
Title of translation:高原环境条件下柴油机增压与喷油参数协同优化
Authors:Jiao, Yufei (1); Liu, Ruilin (2); Zhang, Zhongjie (1); Zhou, Guangmeng (2); Yang, Chunhao (3); Ma, Jiaming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Fifth Team of Cadets, Army Military Transportation University, Tianjin; 300161, China; (2) Military Vehicle Engineering Department, Army Military Transportation University, Tianjin; 300161, China; (3) College of Power Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan; 430033, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Ruilin(163lrl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:66-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Supercharge and fuel injection are direct factors to improve the performance of diesel engines at plateau. When diesel engines are used at higher altitudes, especially in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region with the altitude ranging from 3000 to 5000 m, the decreasing ambient pressure and temperature reduce the air inflow resulting in deteriorating combustion, reducing power output, increasing fuel consumption, worsening emissions, exceeding cylinder pressure, cylinder pressure, thermal load and turbocharger speed limits. The optimization of injection parameters can improve the plateau combustion process of diesel engine to some extent, however, optimization of injection parameters alone cannot fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient intake and power decline of diesel engines at plateau. Two-stage variable geometry turbocharge (VGT) system is an effective way to increase the intake pressure effectively. However, only optimizing the control parameters of the supercharging system without adjusting the injection parameters will lead to the problem of "improper oil and gas coordination" at high altitude, and the plateau application potential of the two-stage variable geometry turbocharge system cannot be fully play. Recent researches mainly focused on optimizing injection parameters or two-stage variable geometry turbocharge system, there was few about the comprehensive optimization of supercharger and injection parameters, therefore, the paper focused on optimizing the compositive control strategy of supercharge and injection parameters. In the paper, a GT-Power model of a two-stage variable geometry turbocharged (VGT) diesel engine was built and verified by experiment on engine plateau environment simulating testing bed. The simulation performance date of the engine was obtained from the model. What's more, the neural network was established and then trained with these simulation values to improve the power performance of the engine, and finally the optimization rules and comprehensive control strategy of supercharge and injection parameters were obtained. The results showed that: The optimized circulating fuel injection quantity had similar variation trend with the original parameters. What was different was that the circulating fuel injection quantity increased after optimizing, the increment came to its maximum at lower speed and its minimum at speed of maximum torque, and it showed a trend that the increment quantity gradually increased from the speed point of the maximum torque to both sides. With the increase of altitude, the optimal cycle fuel injection quantity of the engine decreased gradually, and the decreasing trend increased gradually with altitude increasing. The circulating fuel injection quantity decreased by 10.96% on average from 0 to 3500 m, and by 16.99% on average from 3500 to 5500 m. At a certain altitude, the optimal injection advance angle of the engine decreased first and then increased with the increase of speed, and the average value of the optimal injection advance angle increased with altitude increasing. Compared with the original parameters, the optimum injection advance angle increased by 1 and 1.5℃A, respectively, at low speed conditions of 2500 and 5500 m, however, when it came to higher speed, the optimum injection advance angle decreased by 25.2% and 17.5%, respectively. The optimum VGT opening increased large gradually with the increase of the speed at 0 m, while when it came to 5500 m, it kept invariable at lower speed, and increased firstly and then decreased at higher speed. After comprehensive optimizing of supercharge and fuel injection, the VGT opening and circulating fuel injection quantity increased and the injection advance angle decreased at 0 m. When it came to low speed of 5500 m, the VGT opening kept invariable, the circulating fuel injection quantity and injection advance angle increased, however, the VGT opening and circulating fuel injection quantity increased, the injection advance angle decreased at high speed.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Direct injection
Controlled terms:Altitude control - Combustion - Diesel engines - Fuels - Geometry - Optimization - Speed - Superchargers
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive controls - Comprehensive optimizations - Cycle fuel injection quantities - High altitudes - Injection advance angles - Injection parameters - Simulation performance - Variable geometry
Classification code:521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.50e+03m, Size 2.50e+03m, Size 3.00e+03m to 5.00e+03m, Size 3.50e+03m to 5.50e+03m, Size 5.50e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20194607670449
Title:In situ experiment on change law of soil mineral nitrogen availability in seasonal freezing agricultural areas
Title of translation:季节性冻融区农业土壤矿质氮有效性变化规律原位试验
Authors:Zhao, Qiang (1, 2); Wu, Conglin (2); Wang, Kang (1); Chang, Dan (1, 2); Huang, Jiesheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, 430072, China; (2) Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan; 430010, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Jiesheng(410998129@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:140-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Northeast China is one of the most important grain production regions in China. It is characterized by seasonal freezing and thawing that is a key driving force of nitrogen migration and transformation due to the associated changes in soil structure such as aggregation, hydrothermal environment, which in turn reshapes soil microbial community and their functions. That substantially alerts the bioavailability of mineral nitrogen. Most studies on effect of freezing-thawing on nitrogen cycle in soil were based either on column packed with homogeneous soil by controlling the freezing and thawing temperature with specified freezing-thawing period, or on watersheds in natural ecosystems such as forest and arctic alpine. There is paucity of work on nitrogen cycle in farmlands with periodic freezing and thawing despite its importance in helping improve fertilizer management. The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap. In situ nitrogen cultivation experiment was conducted at five fields with different vegetation from 2015 to 2016 in a seasonal freezing-thawing region in northwest China. Modified resin core method was used to take six batches of soil samples before and during the freezing-thawing period for nitrogen analysis. Results show that freezing increased ammonium content in the surface soil by 170% while reducing nitrate content by 19%. In addition, freezing reduced the difference coefficient of ammonium content between different vegetation by 36% and increased the associated difference coefficient for nitrate content by 250%. Thawing did not significantly change the ammonium content, yet asymptotically increased the nitrate content. Snow melting and soil thawing increased the difference coefficient of ammonium content by 39% and 30% while reducing the difference coefficient of nitrate content by 65% and 40%, respectively, at early melting and thawing stage. The substantial increases in soil moisture following snow melting boosted ammonium production at the expense of nitrate nitrogen although at insignificant level.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Freezing
Controlled terms:Availability - Biochemistry - Cultivation - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fertilizers - Snow - Soil moisture - Soils - Thawing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural areas - Difference coefficients - Fertilizer management - Freezing and thawing - Freezing-thawing periods - Hydrothermal environment - Soil microbial community - Soil mineral nitrogen
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.70e+02%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+02%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20194607667503
Title:Prediction model of tractor residual value coefficient considering factor of invisible wear
Title of translation:考虑无形磨损的拖拉机残值系数预测模型
Authors:Wang, Ying (1); Guan, Yanxuan (1); Feng, Jiaxin (1); Wei, Lai (1); Song, Zhilin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:58-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Depreciation takes up a large proportion in the total activity cost of agricultural machinery. As the update speed of agricultural machinery was gradually accelerating, the impact of the invisible wears was strengthened by technological progress on agricultural machinery depreciation. Aiming to this problem, two types of invisible wears, which were caused by increased labor productivity and the emergency of more advanced machines, were analyzed and quantified respectively, and based on which, the comprehensive invisible wear degree was given in this paper. According to the traditional ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) residual value coefficient prediction model of tractors, considering the invisible wear factor, an improved prediction model of the residual value coefficient for tractors was established. Based on the auction data of 25 wheeled tractors collected from the agricultural machinery and tools auction results in the agricultural machinery service center, the age, the average annual working hours and the comprehensive degree of the invisible wears were used as the main independent variables to construct the improved model of the tractor residual value coefficient prediction and to analyze the law of the tractor value change. In addition, in order to increase the calculation accuracy, the discount coefficient was introduced to consider the time value of the capital. The results showed when the tractor age was above five years, the prediction value of the improved model was closer to the real residual value coefficient, and compared with the original model, the improved model was with less prediction deviation and higher prediction precision that was improved by more than 27%; but when the tractor age was within four years, the prediction deviation for the improved model was bigger than the original model, and the prediction result of the improved model was not satisfactory. The main reasons causing the results were that the effect of the invisible wears on the tractor was very small due to smaller technological progress in its early working period, but with the increasing of the tractor age and the development of science and technology, on one hand, the reproduction value of the same type of tractor would go down because of the improvement of manufacturing process and the increase of social labor productivity; on the other hand, the new type of machines, which were with more advanced technology, better performance, higher productivity and lower consumptions of raw materials and energy, would occur, so the effect of the invisible wears on the tractor residual value would intensified gradually, which also demonstrated that when predicting the residual value of agricultural machinery used for a relatively long period of time, the influence of the invisible wears must be considered. At the same time, the method of the geometry-based "Fréchet distance" metric was applied to further comprehensively compare and evaluate the prediction accuracies of the original model and the improved model. The results showed that compared with the original model, the improved model was with the higher prediction precision that was improved by 24.9%, and was able to significantly improve the accuracy of residual value prediction of tractors. The research of this paper can provide scientific and accurate decision-making basis for the calculation of depreciation cost and the determination of replacement time of agricultural machinery.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Depreciation
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Cell proliferation - Decision making - Forecasting - Models - Productivity - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Biological engineers - Calculation accuracy - Development of science and technologies - Independent variables - Manufacturing process - Prediction precision - Residual value - Technological progress
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 912.2 Management - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.49e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20194607670326
Title:Remote sensing recognition method of different fertilization methods in NDVI time series
Title of translation:基于NDVI时间序列数据的施肥方式遥感识别方法
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Wu, Danqian (1); Meng, Linghua (2); Ustin, Susan (3); Cui, Yang (1); Yang, Haoxuan (1); Zhang, Xinle (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Northeast Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130102, China; (3) Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), Department for Land, AIR, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis; 95616, United States
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinle(zhangxinle@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:162-168
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer release rate and different fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties, there are differences in response of crops to water and fertilizer in the process of growth. Therefore, time series remote sensing monitoring is needed to realize dynamic monitoring of space-time in different fertilization treatments. Remote sensing technology, as a means to rapidly acquire spatial and temporal dynamic surface information in a wide range, has been widely recognized as important for the development of modern agriculture with high yield, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. However, at present, remote sensing technology can only assist in monitoring the quality of small-scale agricultural products, while in the production process of organic agricultural products. The research on accurate identification of large-scale fertilization methods is still lacking. Spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring of agricultural production process is an urgent problem to be solved in organic/green agricultural product certification. Spatio-temporal accurate identification of different fertilization methods is the key to solve this problem. California Central Valley has Mediterranean climate, hot summer and little rain. Its unique climate conditions provide a good climate condition for acquiring remote sensing images of the whole growth period. The experimental plots in this area are independent and large in area (0.4 hm<sup>2</sup>). This provides a reference for monitoring crop growth using remote sensing images. Taking the long-term positioning experiment of University of California at Davis as the basic material and maize and tomato as the research objects under the long-term positioning experiment of different fertilization treatments, this paper uses Landsat 8 and Soleno-2 image of time series to study the rotation of fertilizer, fertilizer + green manure, organic manure + green manure in three different treatments. The time series of vegetation index in the plot is used to compare and analyze the difference of NDVI among different fertilization treatments and the correlation between NDVI and yield. The results show that: 1) the general trends of NDVI time series curves under different fertilization treatments are similar, and the difference between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment NDVI time series curve is obvious; 2) the NDVI of different fertilization treatments changes regularly with crop growth period. The mean value of NDVI in organic fertilizer treatment is higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment at the initial and late growth stage, and lower than that in chemical fertilizer treatment in the middle growth stage; 3) the correlations coefficients between NDVI and yield change regularly with crop growth period under different fertilization treatments, and the effects of different fertilization treatments should be considered when applying vegetation index to estimating yield by remote sensing; 4) Fertilizer + green manure application methods can ensure agricultural sustainability while obtaining more. The difference of NDVI time series in different fertilization treatments has been proved in the research, in which we can also know the correlation difference of NDVI and yield. The results of research could provide remote sensing technology support for spatio-temporal dynamic monitoring and certification of organic/green agriculture, which could be used to distinguish organic fertilizer from other fertilization methods, and could deepen the application of remote sensing in agriculture.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Crops - Environmental technology - Manures - Monitoring - Remote sensing - Space optics - Sustainable development - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural sustainability - Environmental friendliness - Fertilization - Fertilization methods - NDVI - Remote sensing monitoring - Remote sensing technology - Soil physical and chemical properties
Classification code:454 Environmental Engineering - 656.1 Space Flight - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20194607667577
Title:Effects of tillage and irrigation on water use and yield of winter wheat and summer maize
Title of translation:耕作方式和灌水处理对冬小麦-夏玉米水分利用及产量的影响
Authors:Zhang, Kai (1); Liu, Zhandong (1); Qiang, Xiaoman (1); Mi, Zhaorong (2); Feng, Rongcheng (3); Ma, Yanchuan (1); Yu, Xuan (1); Sun, Jingsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Its Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (2) Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang; 453003, China; (3) Huojia County Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Henan Province, Xinxiang; 453800, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Zhandong(lzddragon@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:17
Issue date:September 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:102-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Irrigation and tillage able to maintain a healthy plow layer for sustainable production of winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system in North China Plain was experimentally studied in this paper. We investigated three tillages: deep subsoiling (ST), deep subsoiling+ straw incorporation (ST+RS) and conventional rotary tillage (RT) from 2015 to 2016 in Xinxiang, Henan province. The irrigation for each tillage was based on soil moisture in which irrigation was assumed whenever the moisture content in the wet soil layer dropped to 60% of the field capacity (H), 50% of the field capacity (M) and 40% of the field capacity(L), respectively. In each treatment, we measured the yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crops. The results showed that ST and ST+RS reduced soil bulk density and increased soil porosity and field holding capacity, especially ST+RS. Compared with RT, ST and ST+RS, on average, reduced the bulk density of 0-40 cm soil by 5.0% and 6.0% respectively, and increased its porosity by 6.9% and 8.0% respectively, field capacity by 6.2% and 12.8% respectively, and saturated water content by 6.2% and 5.7% respectively. The tillage and irrigation combined to significantly increase water storage in 0-100 cm soil in winter. In particular, ST and ST+RS increased water storage (SWS) in the 0-100 cm soil by 11.0% and 15.8%, respectively, compared to RT. SWS under H and M irrigation treatment increased by 18.1% and 11.1%, respectively, compared with L irrigation. Tillage affected yield and WUE of both winter wheat and summer maize at significant level. Compared to RT, ST and ST+RS increased annual yield by 9.2% and 15.5%, respectively, and WUE by 11.2% and 15.3%, respectively. Irrigation affected yields and WUE of the crops as well. While the yields increased with the controlled soil moisture for irrigation, the M irrigation treatment gave the highest WUE. Under the current soil and climatic condition, deep subsoiling coupled with straw incorporation and an appropriate water management appears to offer a best solution to constructing plow layer and increasing WUE and crop yield. In particular, to best balance yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of the crops under conventional rainfall condition, the optimal tillage is to loosen the soil up to a depth of 35cm combined with incorporating straw prior to sowing the winter wheat. The crops are then irrigated whenever the moisture content in the wet layer drop to 50% of the field capacity. This study is for winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Henna province, and the lines of the wheat and the maize used in the study were "Aikang 58" and "Denghai 605" respectively, but the results have implications in other regions in North China Plain.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Crops - Efficiency - Irrigation - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Porosity - Soil moisture - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Irrigation treatments - Soil bulk density - Straw incorporations - Sustainable production - Tillage - Water use efficiency - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.53e+01%, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.70e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.17.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
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