<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20194607670487
Title:Agricultural remote sensing image retrieval based on convolutional neural network and reranking
Title of translation:基于卷积神经网络和重排序的农业遥感图像检索
Authors:Ye, Famao (1, 2); Dong, Meng (1); Luo, Wei (1); Xiao, Hui (1); Zhao, Xuqing (1); Min, Weidong (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Engineering, Nanchang University of Nanchang, Nanchang; 330031, China; (2) School of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (3) School of Software, Nanchang University of Nanchang, Nanchang; 330047, China
Corresponding author:Min, Weidong(minweidong@ncu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:138-145
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Convolutional neural network (CNN), a hierarchical neural network, can extract powerful feature representations and make accurate classification at the same time. CNN has already made remarkable achievements in various fields such as image classification and object recognition. The ability of feature extraction of CNN has been used to retrieve images in lots of works, however, the powerful classification ability of CNN is ignored by most researchers. To improve the agricultural image retrieval performance, this paper proposes a reranking method that uses the classification ability of CNN. Firstly, the fine-tuned cnn model is used to extract the retrieval features of the query image and estimate the weight of each category of the query image. Second, the retrieved images are sorted according to the image similarity of the CNN features between the query image and each retrieved image, and then the initial retrieval results are obtained. Third, the initial retrieval results are used to calculate the weighted class average precision (CAP) of each image class. Finally, the order of image classes is obtained through sorting the classes according to the weighted CAP, and the retrieved images are re-ranked by the order of image classes. The images in the same class are retained their order in the initial result. Hence, the final retrieval result is obtained. Experiments of two publicly available datasets of remote sensing, PatternNet and UCM_LandUse, are carried to verify the validation of the proposed method. The experimental results are concluded as follows: 1) The reranking method can improve the initial results and get more relevant images in a contrast experiment. 2) Per class mean average precision (mAP) values of three features (FC6 and FC7 of VGG16, pool5 of ResNet50) are evaluated on UCM_LandUse dataset, and the reranking retrieval results have increased by approximately 30% than the initial results. 3) To determine the optimal parameter values, an experiment of the different training data volume on PatternNet is conducted to evaluate the influence of different number of training images on the retrieval performance. It can be seen that the mAP and ANMRR(Average normalized modified retrieval rank) improves with the increases of the number of training image. For example, the mAP of ft_pool5_rerank feature increases from 75.89% to 97.56% as the number of the training image per class grows from 5 to 90. 4) The average resort retrieval time increases by no more than 1% over the initial retrieval time. 5) The mAP of the proposed method on UCMD is 93.67%, and the ANMRR is 0.049 2, which is 0.235 8 lower than that of the state-of-the-art methods.The proposed method can realize higher retrieval performance of agricultural remote sensing image retrieval, it will be helpful to improve the level of information and intellectualization in the agricultural information field.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image retrieval
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Convolution - Extraction - Feature extraction - Image enhancement - Neural networks - Object recognition - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural informations - Agricultural remote sensing - Average normalized modified retrieval ranks - Classification ability - Convolutional neural network - Feature representation - Hierarchical neural networks - Re-ranking
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 7.59e+01% to 9.76e+01%, Percentage 9.37e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20194607670427
Title:Environmental control and energy saving effect of heat lamp with variable power heating for piglets
Title of translation:保温灯变功率供暖对哺乳仔猪环境调控及节能效果
Authors:Wang, Meizhi (1); Ren, Fangjie (1); Zang, Jianjun (1); Chen, Zepeng (1); Hao, Wei (1); Zhang, Xiaxia (1); Liu, Jijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:182-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Temperature in the creep area for piglets will decrease from birth to weaning. To reduce the consumption of electricity and meet the temperature requirement of piglets from birth to weaning, an experiment of variable power heating system of heat lamp compared with constant power heating system of heat lamp was conducted in a scaled pig farm in Northern China. Two units of farrowing room (one unit with 23 farrowing sows and 25 heat lamps of 250 W) in the pig farm were chosen for this study, except for heat lamps, hot water floor heating was provided for piglets. An automatic control system which was composed of ATS (air temperature sensor) and SCM (single chip microcomputer with PID (proportional, integral and derivative) control) and SCR (silicon controlled rectifiers) was used in the test unit and constant power heating system was used in the control unit. The temperature automatic control system can bear 10 000 W. In the test unit, temperature of 30.0℃ was set from piglets birth to the age of 7 days, and then reduce temperature by 2.0℃ every week till 21 days after birth. In the control unit, heat lamp was with constant power to heat piglets creep areas. Electricity consumption used in the test unit and control unit was recorded by two ammeters, respectively. Behaviors and temperatures in creep area of piglets were recorded and analyzed. Piglets performance was also recorded and analyzed. It was shown that during the first week after birth, both of the heat lamps in the test unit and in the control unit maintain full power operation, the average temperature right below the heat lamp (0.3 m high from the floor) was 27.4℃; during the second week, the average temperature right below the heat lamp for the test unit and the control unit were 27.2 and 27.5℃, respectively; during the third week, the average temperature right below the heat lamp for the test unit and control unit were 26.8 and 27.4℃, respectively. Floor temperature right below the test unit and control unit were 29.5-31.0 and 31.0-30.6℃, respectively. In brief, from birth to 21 days, floor temperature right below the heat lamp, side below the lamp and the slatted floor were 29.5-31.0, 28.9-29.5 and 22.9-23.0℃, respectively. Lying rates in different areas of right below the heat lamp, side below the lamp and the slatted floor were 40.7%-66.5%, 14.4%-33.4% and 0.9%-8.7%, respectively. Rates of survival of piglets (28 days weaning) in the test unit and control unit were 95.8% and 93.8%, respectively. Average daily gain of piglets (28 days weaning) in the test unit and control unit were 0.198 and 0.193 kg/(head•d), respectively. Using this kind of variable power heating system, the farrowing room can save 1.8 kW•h per lamp per day from 8 days to 14 days after piglets birth, and 2.7 kW•h per lamp per day from 15 days to 21 days after piglets birth. The energy consumption can be saved by 25.4% each batch of production based on 21 days weaning. On condition of electricity price of 0.5215 yuan/(kW•h), 25 heat lamps with 250 W in one farrowing unit and investment of one set of equipment of temperature automatic control with 2 980 yuan, payback period will be 2 a. The temperature automatic control system of heat lamp can not only save energy but also can improve piglets performance.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Electric rectifiers
Controlled terms:Automation - Control engineering - Creep - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Environmental management - Floors - Heating - Heating equipment - Investments - Lighting - Mammals - Process control - Proportional control systems - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Behavior - Energy efficient - Farrowing room - Piglets - Variable power
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 2.19e-02yr to 3.84e-02yr, Age 4.11e-02yr to 5.75e-02yr, Age 5.75e-02yr, Age 7.67e-02yr, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 4.07e+01% to 6.65e+01%, Percentage 9.00e-01% to 8.70e+00%, Percentage 9.38e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%, Power 1.00e+04W, Power 2.50e+02W, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20194607670280
Title:Prediction model of rice protein content based on hyperspectral image and deep feature
Title of translation:基于高光谱图像及深度特征的大米蛋白质含量预测模型
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Jin, Haitao (1); Lu, Bing (1); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Shen, Jifeng (1); Dai, Chunxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:295-303
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to fully explore useful spectral and image information of hyperspectral images, a method of extracting the deep feature of hyperspectral images based on stacked auto-encoder (SAE) was investigated in this study, then the extracted deep feature was used to establish support vector regression (SVR) model to realize non-destructive detection of protein content in rice. Firstly, 420 rice samples (70 in each group) were placed in 6 groups at different storage time (0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) under the condition of high temperature (45℃) and high humidity (95% relative humidity). Secondly, the hyperspectral images (400-1 000 nm) of 6 group rice samples with different protein content were collected by the hyperspectral image acquisition system. After hyperspectral images collection, the Kjeldahl method for determination of nitrogen was used to detect the protein content of rice samples. According to the chemical detection results, the protein content of the rice samples decreased from 7.78 to 7.62 g/(100 g) with the increase of storage time. Thirdly, in order to separate samples from background, the threshold segmentation method was used to obtain the sample mask in ENVI software, then the mask was applied to the hyperspectral image containing only rice samples. The rice sample area was chosen as region of interest (ROI), and the average spectral data and image information of ROI was extracted respectively. Finally, SAE was used to extract deep feature of spectral data, image information and fusion data. 1) For spectral information, savitzky-golay (SG) was used to pre-process the obtained spectral data, and SAE was used to extract the deep feature, then SVR was used to establish the prediction model, and grid search method was used to optimize the kernel parameter g and penalty factor c in SVR. The results showed that the optimal scale of SAE was 478-400-290-70, and R<inf>C</inf><sup>2</sup> (determinant coefficient of calibration set), R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup> (determinant coefficient of prediction set), RMSEC (root mean square error of calibration set), RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction set) using deep feature extracted by SAE were 0.976 2, 0.939 2, 0.068 6 g/(100 g), 0.115 3 g/(100 g), respectively. 2) For image information, the RGB images in each band were extracted first, the size was 100 pixels×100 pixels. There was much redundant information in the original images, so we unified them to the gray images with 28 pixels×28 pixels, then flattened and converted them to one-dimensional column vector, after deep feature extraction by SAE on the vector, the prediction results of the model built with SVR showed that the optimal scale of SAE was 784-700-480-30, and R<inf>C</inf><sup>2</sup>, R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup>, RMSEC, RMSEP modeled using deep feature extracted by SAE were 0.915 4, 0.821 0, 0.051 0 g/(100 g), 0.111 8 g/(100 g), respectively. 3) For the fusion data of spectral data and image information, the initial dimension was 1 262, the fusion data combined all the redundant information of spectral and image, so dimension reduction becomes critical. After feature extraction by SAE, the dimension was reduced to the low level and the efficiency of network training was improved. The optimal scale of SAE was 1262-550-450-30, and R<inf>C</inf><sup>2</sup>, R<inf>P</inf><sup>2</sup>, RMSEC, RMSEP of the model build with deep feature extracted by SAE were 0.971 0, 0.964 4, 0.077 2 g/(100 g), 0.085 1 g/(100 g), respectively. Compared with using spectral data or image information alone, the prediction effect of the model build with the fusion data was improved obviously. To summarize, the method in the paper fully fused the spectral data and image information of hyperspectral image, and then deep feature extracted by SAE improved the prediction accuracy of the model established by SVR effectively, which provides a theoretical basis for non-destructive detection of protein content in rice.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Image enhancement
Controlled terms:Calibration - Chemical detection - Data mining - Digital storage - Extraction - Feature extraction - Forecasting - Hyperspectral imaging - Image fusion - Image segmentation - Learning systems - Mean square error - Models - Pixels - Proteins - Signal encoding - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Auto encoders - Deep feature - Nondestructive detection - Protein contents - Rice
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 801 Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-01kg, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 4.00e-07m to 1.00e-06m, Time 3.46e+05s, Time 4.32e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20194607667482
Title:Remote sensing estimation on yield of winter wheat in North China based on convolutional neural network
Title of translation:基于卷积神经网络的中国北方冬小麦遥感估产
Authors:Zhou, Liang (1, 2, 3); Mu, Haowei (1, 2, 3); Ma, Haijiao (4); Chen, Gaoxing (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (4) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (5) Beijing Deekong Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing; 100871, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:119-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate and timely winter wheat yield estimation has significant effect to grain markets and policy. Most crop estimation methods can be divided into two categories, one is based on the crop model and the other is the statistical learning method. For statistical learning methods with recent advances in deep learning, convolutional neural network (CNN) have become state-of-the-art algorithms. can extract the depth-dependent features of crop growth. However, the pivotal challenge is to combine remote sensing images with CNN. In this paper, we employ the method of histogram dimensionality reduction and time series fusion to generate the input layer. The experiment firstly performed projection transformation, splicing, mask, fusion, and clipping for 6 different MODIS images in the research area from 2006 to 2016, and then generated 21 600 fusion images of 12 bands (surface reflectance data of 7 different wavelengths in MOD09A1, surface temperature of day and night in MYD11A2, NDVI and EVI in MOD13A1, and FPAR in MOD15A2H). Then, the sensitivity range of winter wheat growth in each band is divided into 36 sections, and the histogram statistics are used to reduce the dimension to generate a vector of length 36, so the remote sensing image generates a matrix of 36×36×12 in the 228-day growing season. The corresponding time and regional statistics are applied as the output layer to construct a complete sample. The yield estimation sample database of 12 indices in the winter wheat region of north China (60 prefecture-level cities) from 2006 to 2016 was constructed, and the training set and verification set were divided into 10:1 for the training and evaluation of yield estimation model. Finally, the neural network structure is designed according to the sample, which consists of the input layer, 7 convolution layers (c1-c7), 7 activation layers, 7 batch normalization layers, 3 dropout layers, 2 full connection layers, and output layer. The number of c1-c7 convolution kernels is 64, 64, 128, 128, 256, 256, 256, the convolution kernel size is 3×3 dpi, and the sliding step length is 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1 and 2 respectively, 1 zero paddings per convolutional layer. At the same time, batch normalization and Relu function activation are performed on each convolutional layer, and the Dropout layer is used in the fully connected layer. The results show that: 1) The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of the convolutional neural network model on the training set are 183.82 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 0.98 respectively. In the validation set, RMSE and R<sup>2</sup> are 689.72 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 0.71. 2) With the same neural network structure, the average RMSE of the estimated samples from 2006 to 2016 trained as validation sets for 11 models was 772.03 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The error of the yield estimation model was the largest in 2007 and the smallest in 2012, and the RMSE was 920.45 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> and 632.08 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> respectively. Crop estimation algorithm based on CNN has high robustness and precision; 3) The accuracy analysis of prediction yield at the municipal level of different provinces in three temporal points of 2007, 2012 and 2016 indicates that the model has higher accuracy in most areas of the northern winter wheat region, especially, RMSE of Hebei and Shandong provinces is approximately 500 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The result shows that CNN is well applied to the estimation of winter wheat production. This is a great thought of remote sensing combined with the deep learning algorithm. This method can be used to estimate yield by remote sensing in different scales and regions. Compared with the traditional method, this "start-to-end" learning method has the advantage of synergy and can obtain the optimal estimation model relative to the whole area. Meanwhile, As data accumulates, the estimation accuracy will be continuously improved, and it has a good application prospect in the national agricultural production forecast.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Multilayer neural networks
Controlled terms:Chemical activation - Convolution - Crops - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Graphic methods - Learning algorithms - Mean square error - Metadata - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Convolutional neural network - Crop yield - Remote sensing estimations - State-of-the-art algorithms - Statistical learning methods - Winter wheat - Yield
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 6.25e-01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20194607670500
Title:Simulation of plant petal shape change and growth based on 3D point cloud data
Title of translation:基于三维点云数据的花瓣形态及生长过程模拟
Authors:Huai, Yongjian (1); Yang, Danqi (1); Cai, Dongna (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:155-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Different graphic techniques and methods are usually presented to simulate the 3D plant shape structure and growth in the field of virtual plant and visualization. Research results had been widely used in agriculture, forestry, landscape design, game, VR and computer animation, especially in plant shape structure-function modeling and natural landscape reconstruction. At present, the shape, color, texture and other morphological structure characteristics of the plants are mainly simulated by using the algorithms of computer graphics and rendering technology. The L-system is used to describe the geometry shape of plant and has faced the challenge of simulating the growth for complicated plant structure such as flower development. In this study, we present a method to describe the flower plant shape modeling and growth deformation based-on the scanning 3D point cloud data to avoid the complex plant procedural modeling. At first, we obtained the flower plant point cloud data in different growth development stages by using the 3D scanning device, and the sample data required for the function fitting and deforming by segmenting and intercepting the point cloud model. The sample data was fitted to summarize the growth rules of flower plant by using the tools of MATLAB and specified functional model. Then we combined the traditional flower growth simulation with the free-form deformation algorithm (FFD) based on the point cloud model. The traditional method deformed the shape by dragging the control point on the bounding box. But we made the control point move automatically, where the outside control points were driven to deform according to the growth function. In order to realize the operation of spatial points in the free-form deformation algorithm, the control points were converted from the world coordinates to local coordinates. Regardless of the world coordinates of the control points how to change, there were fixed local coordinates of the points take part in the mathematic transform. To fit the growth model of flowers, a special sampling and fitting method was designed. First, the flower was divided into different growth patterns and sampled separately according to the shape structure, we could get the fitting function by using the sample data. Then the real-time dynamic process of plant growth was operated by combining the growth function and deformation algorithm. To simulate the dynamic growth of flowers, a method was proposed based on the real measurement data of point cloud data model, which combined the FFD algorithm with the true growth principles to simulate the series change of petal shape. The test results showed that our method could maintain the plant morphological characteristics during the deformation and reconstruct the real process of plant growth according to the initial and final point cloud data, which could get a realistic visual effects. At last, we compared our deformation method with the physics-based simulation method and evaluate the algorithm precision by fitting regression analysis and measuring the geometry error between the real measure data and the reconstructed data. The results showed that the geometry deformation error could be controlled within 2 mm and the coefficient of determination was above 0.75 during the whole period of plant growth. The final reconstructed plant model was similar with the real plant and a novel approach was provided to simulate plant growth.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Animation - Cloud computing - Color computer graphics - Computer games - Deformation - Forestry - Geometry - Image coding - Image segmentation - MATLAB - Models - Regression analysis - Textures - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Data fittings - Deformation simulation - Morphological structures - Physics-based Simulation - Point cloud - Structure-function models - Virtual plants
Classification code:722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20194607667434
Title:Determination method of irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture
Title of translation:虾稻共作灌溉定额确定方法研究
Authors:Liu, Luguang (1, 2); Wu, Xia (1, 2); Guan, Honglin (1, 2); Pan, Shaobin (1, 2); Cui, Yuanlai (3); Dong, Wei (1, 2); Yang, Xiaowei (1, 2); Luo, Qiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Hubei Water Resources Research Institute, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Hubei Water Saving Research Center, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:71-76
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the recent years, areas of crayfish-rice culture are greatly increased in Lower-and-Middle Section of Yangtze River. This farming model has changed the structure of the field and water-use model. The determination model of irrigation quota is different from general crop and more complex. In this study, we established a method to determine irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture. The study took Qianjiang city of Hubei Province as a case. By investigation in March 2018, we found the crayfish-rice culture in this study area was carried out in fields with crayfish ditch around the paddy field. The culture was divided into 3 stages in a year: crayfish-rice culture at growing stage of rice, crayfish-rice separate culture at growing stage of rice and non-growth stage of rice. During non-growth stage of rice, water body in the paddy field was connected with crayfish ditch. The water layer control model was established based on water balance equation during each stage to calculate irrigation quota. In addition, the quota of water change from poor to good quality was required if the irrigation water quality was poor. Thus, the total irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture was the sum of irrigation quota at each stage and quota of water change. In 2017, the crayfish-rice culture area reached 46.7 khm<sup>2</sup> in Qianjiang city. A case study was taken as an example of application of the calculation method in Qianjiang. The field length of crayfish-rice culture was 260 m. The width was 100 m, The width of crayfish ditch was 4 m, its depth was 1.5 m, the slope was 1:1 and the ridge height was 0.5 m. The evaportanspiration of rice was calculated based on Penman-Monteith formula with meteorological data from 3 experimental stations. The other data were from these stations. Due to good water quality, we didn't consider the water change quota. The crayfish-rice irrigation quota was calculated by the proposed determination method. According to calculation, the annual average irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture was 12 945 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was high than irrigation quota of rice. The irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture at frequency of 50%, 75%, 85% and 90% was 13 185, 14 335, 14 925 and 15 285 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The irrigation quota was not greatly different among different frequency. According to Standard, the multiyear irrigation quota of rice in this study area was 4 050 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>. According to this study, the irrigation quota during growing stage of rice was 5 370 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>, which was higher than the Standard. It was because the irrigation quota in this study included the water for crayfish-rice culture. The investigation on this study showed that the irrigation quota of crayfish-rice culture was about 3 times of that of rice, about 12 150 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>. It was closer to our study (12 945 m<sup>3</sup>/hm<sup>2</sup>). It confirmed the practicability of proposed calculation model. The research provides a calculation method for irrigation quota determination of crayfish-rice culture, and have guiding significance for irrigation and water resources management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Evapotranspiration - Meteorology - Precipitation (chemical) - Shellfish - Water quality - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Determination methods - Experimental stations - Guiding significances - Irrigation water quality - Penman-Monteith formula - Water balance - Water balance equation - Water resources management
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 461.9 Biology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 2.60e+02m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20194607670415
Title:Spatio-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of slope farmland resources in Yunnan from 1980 to 2015
Title of translation:1980-2015年云南坡耕地资源时空分布及演变特征分析
Authors:Chen, Zhengfa (1, 2); Shi, Dongmei (1); He, Wei (2); Xia, Jianrong (2); Jin, Huifang (1); Lou, Yibao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited of POWERCHINA, Kunming; 650051, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Dongmei(shidm_1970@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:256-265
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Slope farmland is an important part of cultivated land resources in hilly areas of China. Identifying the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of slope farmland resources is of great significance for rational planning and utilization of slope farmland resources and water and soil ecological environment construction. In this paper, using the land use data for 7 time points from 1980 to 2015, based on GIS spatial analysis technology, dynamic degree model, kemel density estimation and landscape pattern index model, the spatio-temporal distribution pattern and evolution law of slope farmland in Yunnan for nearly 35 years were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the area of slope farmland in Yunnan was 472.55×10<sup>4</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 69.79% of the cultivated land area, and the average slope was 15.62°. The relationship between the area ratio of slope farmland in different agricultural divisions was: Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Northwestern Yunnan>Southern fringe>Western Yunnan> Southeastern Yunnan>Central Yunnan, and the average slope size relationship was: Northwestern Yunnan>Southwestern Yunnan>Northeastern Yunnan>Western Yunnan> Southern fringe >Southeastern Yunnan > Central Yunnan. 2) In the past 35 years, significant dynamic transfers had occurred in slope farmland, forest land, grassland and paddy fields, but the process of transfer in and out was generally balanced, and the area of slope farmland has a slight increase trend during the process of land use transfer. 3) The slope of most slope farmland was more than 8°, and the proportion of slope farmland with slope >15° was 78.54%. The area of slope farmland with different slopes in the past 35 years had a dynamic process. It showed an increasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope <15°, while decreasing trend for the slope farmland area with slope >15°. The area of slope farmland with different slopes has the dynamic process of "decreased→increased→decreased" or "decreased→increased→ decreased→increased", and the fluctuation degree of >25° slope farmland was the largest. 4) With the evolution of spatio-temporal distribution of slope farmland in the past 35 years, the distribution characteristics of kemel density value in slope farmland have changed, but the change range was small. The distribution of slope farmland in most areas was in low-density value, and the area of high-density value was the smallest. Slope farmland distribution clusters were represented by four significant distribution zones: the Lincang distribution zone, the Lincang-Xishuangbanna distribution zone, the Pu'er distribution zone and the Zhaotong distribution zone. 5) Among the eight types of land use, the landscape dominance of slope farmland was in the middle position, and the fragmentation characteristics of slope farmland were the most significant among all land use types. In the past 35 years, the degree of fragmentation of slope farmland landscape has decreased, and the degree of contiguous use of slope farmland has been strengthened. The research results can provide theoretical support for the rational planning and utilization of sloping farmland and soil and water ecological environment protection in Yunnan.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Ecology - Geographic information systems - Land use - Models - Planning
Uncontrolled terms:Density estimation - Distribution characteristics - Ecological environment constructions - Ecological environment protections - Landscape pattern indices - Slope farmland - Spatiotemporal distributions - Yunnan
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.50e+01yr, Percentage 6.98e+01%, Percentage 7.85e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20194607667446
Title:Design of axially suspended hybrid magnetic bearing with asymmetric excitation and unloading for flywheel battery
Title of translation:飞轮电池不对称励磁卸载轴向悬浮混合磁轴承设计
Authors:Yuan, Ye (1); Ma, Yiqing (1); Yin, Shengjing (1); Sun, Yukun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:54-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bearingless flywheel battery has many advantages, such as high specific power, high specific energy, high current receiving capacity (recharge and regenerative braking), long service life, fast charge and discharge, and it is considered to be the most competitive auxiliary batteries for electric vehicle. However, there are some problems in bearingless flywheel motors and some magnetic bearings in bearingless flywheel battery systems, such as low integration, large energy loss and low reliability. Aiming at above problems, an axially suspended hybrid magnetic bearing with asymmetric excitation and unloading which consists a lower stator, a upper stator with permanent magnet ring and a rotor is proposed in this paper. First of all, the mechanical structure of the axially suspended hybrid magnetic bearing with asymmetric excitation and unloading is introduced, and the different operating mechanisms under the conditions of unloading, demagnetization, down disturbance and upward disturbance are discussed. The design criteria is set according to the operating mechanisms under different working conditions. According to the design criteria and the working curve of rare earth permanent magnet materials, the numerical model of unloading force and the axial compensation under demagnetization/maximum eccentricity are deduced. Then, the structural parameters of upper stator and permanent magnet are designed, and the windings of the upper stator and lower stator are calculated considering the constraint conditions of demagnetization and eccentricity. Based on this, three-dimensional finite element model is established. Simulation results show that the flux density is about 0.605 T between upper stator and air gap under unloading mode which verifies the validity of the design method for permanent magnet and upper stator parameters. The suspension force of finite analysis is about 100 N and the relative error with theoretical suspension force value (104 N) is 4%. When working under the demagnetization mode, the flux density is about 0.53 T between upper stator and air gap which approximately equals to the theoretical value(0.54 T). The suspension force of finite analysis is about 78 N and the relative error with the theoretical suspension force value(81N) is 3.7%. When the maximum downward eccentricity is 0.2 mm, the flux density is 0.515 T which approximately equals to the 0.5 T of theoretical value, the suspension force of finite analysis is about 65 N and the relative error with the theoretical suspension force value(69 N) is 5.8%. When the maximum upward eccentricity is 0.2 mm, the flux density is 0.65 T and the suspension force of finite analysis is about 110 N. Finally, in order to further verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, a prototype is manufactured according to the design results. The results of prototype test show that the maximum error between theoretical calculation value and measured value of unloading force is about 4%, and the average error is 2%, the rotor radial displacement is about 25 μm when the axial load is 80 N, the rotor radial displacement is about 35 μm when the axial load is 120 N. The results indicate the proposed magnetic bearing has a good unloading and suspension performance of the magnetic bearing, which provides a new idea and method for the design of high integration, low loss and high reliability flywheel battery system.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Suspensions (components)
Controlled terms:Automobile manufacture - Axial loads - Bearings (structural) - Charging (batteries) - Demagnetization - Design - Electric windings - Energy dissipation - Errors - Finite element method - Flywheels - Magnetic bearings - Models - Permanent magnets - Rare earths - Regenerative braking - Secondary batteries - Stators - Unloading - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Constraint conditions - Flywheel battery - Hybrid magnetic bearing - Mechanical structures - Rare earth permanent magnet - Suspension performance - Theoretical calculations - Three dimensional finite element model
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 601.1 Mechanical Devices - 601.2 Machine Components - 602 Mechanical Drives and Transmissions - 662.1 Automobiles - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 702.1.2 Secondary Batteries - 704.1 Electric Components - 705.1 Electric Machinery, General - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.00e+02N, Force 1.04e+02N, Force 1.10e+02N, Force 1.20e+02N, Force 6.50e+01N, Force 6.90e+01N, Force 7.80e+01N, Force 8.00e+01N, Force 8.10e+01N, Magnetic_Flux_Density 5.00e-01T, Magnetic_Flux_Density 5.15e-01T, Magnetic_Flux_Density 5.30e-01T, Magnetic_Flux_Density 5.40e-01T, Magnetic_Flux_Density 6.05e-01T, Magnetic_Flux_Density 6.50e-01T, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.80e+00%, Size 2.00e-04m, Size 2.50e-05m, Size 3.50e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20194607667499
Title:Wind-induced interference effects and wind pressure characteristics of arched plastic greenhouses
Title of translation:拱形塑料大棚风致干扰效应及风压特性研究
Authors:Wu, Kun (1, 3); Wang, Shaojie (1, 2); Zhang, Guangpeng (1); Wei, Min (2); Liu, Fusheng (1); Lü, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (2) College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China; (3) Shandong Transport Vocational College, Weifang; 261206, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shaojie(tumuwsj@sdau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:165-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wind-induced interference effect commonly occurs among arched plastic greenhouse group. To describe such influence and finally determine the wind load shape coefficients considering the interference effects, we conducted a series of numerical simulations based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Combining the Reynolds-averaged N-S equations and the Realizable k-Ε turbulence model, the surface wind pressure characteristics of the models for single greenhouse and greenhouse group under different wind direction angles and distances were studied separately. In combination with the actual production, 5 rows and 6 columns symmetrical layout was adopted as the greenhouse group's model with different gap distances (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 m) and wind direction angles (0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 degrees). In order to achieve quantitative analysis of the wind-induced interference effects, the interference factor was introduced in this paper as an important contrast parameter. According to the characteristics of the greenhouse structure, the greenhouse partition was reasonably set to realize the key research of wind pressure characteristics in wind-sensitive areas. In the numerical wind tunnel simulation, unstructured grids suitable for greenhouse group's model were used to divide the computational domain. The calculation parameters such as blocking ratio, inlet and outlet conditions, and near-wall treatments and so on were appropriately set. By comparing with wind tunnel test results of similar models, the present numerical simulations were verified. According to the simulation results, the arrangement of greenhouse group causes the wind-induced interference effects, which will change wind pressure characteristics of the greenhouses. The effects can result in amplification effects (the outer area of the greenhouse group) and the shielding effects (the middle area of the greenhouse group), among which the amplification effects threatens the safety of the structure and cannot be ignored. The interference effects is significantly affected by the wind direction angle and the gap distance, and specifically it decreases with the increase of distance, and tends to be stable when the distance between greenhouses is about 10 m. Based on the analysis of the variation law of the mean wind pressure coefficients and wind direction angles on the greenhouse group's roofs, it is obvious that the interference effects weakens the wind pressure ventilation ability of the greenhouse group as a whole. From the point of view of advantageous to wind pressure ventilation, the suggestions on planning and layout of the greenhouse group are put forward, that is, the long axis direction of the greenhouses should be perpendicular to the dominant wind direction in summer of the area where the greenhouse group is located and the gap distance should be increased appropriately. Finally, according to the wind-induced interference effects, the wind load shape coefficients for arched plastic greenhouses (the rise-span ratio is 3:8) are given, which are convenient for design. The wind load shape coefficients of greenhouses which are located in the outer area of the greenhouse group: At 0 wind direction angle, +0.41 on the windward side, -0.78 on the middle roof, -0.26 on the leeward side and -0.48 on both sides of gables; at 90 degrees wind direction angle, +0.36 on the windward gable, -0.44 on the roof. The wind load shape coefficients of greenhouses which are located in the middle area of the greenhouse group: At 0 wind direction angle, +0.30 on the windward side, -0.71 on the middle roof, -0.26 on the leeward side and -0.48 on both sides of gables; at 90 degrees wind direction angle, +0.34 on the windward gable, -0.35 on the roof. Wind-induced interference effects exists in arched plastic greenhouses arranged in group, and wind pressure changes on the greenhouses caused by wind-induced interference effects should be considered in design.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Aerodynamic loads - Arches - Computational fluid dynamics - Greenhouse effect - Loading - Models - Navier Stokes equations - Numerical models - Rhenium compounds - Roofs - Structural dynamics - Turbulence models - Ventilation - Wind stress - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Interference effects - Interference factor - Numerical wind tunnels - Plastic greenhouse - Wind load shape coefficient
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 643.5 Ventilation - 651.1 Aerodynamics, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921 Mathematics - 921.2 Calculus
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.20e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20194607667433
Title:Construction and application of droplet canopy penetration model for air-assisted spraying pattern
Title of translation:风送喷雾雾滴冠层穿透模型构建及应用
Authors:Sun, Chengda (1); Liu, Changding (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing; 312000, China; (2) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:25-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Understanding droplet distribution inside tree canopy has a great significance on optimizing spray parameters and improving spray effect. In this article, distribution of droplet penetration rate inside tree canopy during air-assisted spraying was studied by experimental method. The droplet penetration rate was defined as the ratio of droplets inside canopy along unit vertical face to that before penetrating into the canopy. The change of droplet penetration rate with tree leaf density, outlet air velocity of sprayers and sampling depth was analyzed. Disc sprayer and multi air pipe sprayer were used to spray 4 types of tree canopies of pear trees (big, medium and small sizes), wintersweet, cerasus subhirtella and punica granatum. Droplet deposition was determined in real time. The results showed that the droplet penetration rate decreased as the leaf density and sampling depth increased while it increased with increased outlet air velocity of sprayer. Among the 3 test variables of tree leaf density, outlet air velocity of sprayer and sampling depth, the sampling depth greatly affected the droplet penetration rate. Following the changing pattern of droplet penetration rate with tree leaf density, outlet air velocity of sprayer and sampling depth, 5 types of models (linear polynomial, quadratic polynomial, cubic polynomial, single exponent and quadratic exponent) were assumed to fit the changing pattern of droplet penetration rate. The quadratic exponent model had the highest accuracy with R<sup>2</sup> higher than 0.95 and the RMSE was the least from 4.1% to 5.0%. By experimental validation, the model still had relatively reliable accuracy. Thus, the quadratic exponential model was finally chosen as the suitable model. By using this model, it had to be built based on canopy of each tree. By mixing the data from different tree canopies, we tested the feasibility to estimate droplet penetration rate by a quadratic exponential model. The results showed that the R<sup>2</sup> was still higher than 0.95 and root mean square error was 5.3%-5.7%. By validation, the relative error could be lower than 20% for mixture of wintersweet, cerasus subhirtella and pear trees but reach up to about 29% for punica granatum tree. It was because the branch structure of punica granatum was different from the other trees. The quadratic exponential model was then extended to application in calculating droplet drift rate after tree canopy in order to analyze its influencing factor. The droplet drift rate after Cerasus subhirtella tree canopy of different leaf density under different sprayer outlet air velocities was calculated using model and validated by test. The mean relative error was 16.73%, indicating that the model could be used to determine the suitable outlet air velocities for tree canopies of different growing stages and reduce the droplet drift rate. The variation coefficients of droplet distribution inside tree canopy were also calculated by the model, which was used to better explain the principle of double-side spraying pattern. In the end, the model limitation and subsequent research assumption to improve model were illustrated: spray pressure, flow rate, environmental temperature and humidity were approximately regarded as constants in this article, and in further researches, the influence on droplet penetration rate of these factors should be investigated. A unit model for estimating droplet penetration rate could be established if the tree types had similar branches and leaf structures, and in further researches, more types of trees should be chosen and classified to build mixture model to improve the model accuracy. This paper is helpful to understanding droplet distribution in tree canopy during air-assisted spraying.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drops
Controlled terms:Air - Errors - Forestry - Fruits - Mean square error - Mixtures - Models - Polynomials - Rate constants - Sampling - Spraying - Trees (mathematics) - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Air-assisted spraying - Canopy penetration - Droplet distribution - Environmental temperature - Experimental methods - Experimental validations - Root mean square errors - Variation coefficient
Classification code:802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.1 Algebra - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+00% to 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00% to 5.70e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20194607667454
Title:Water absorption source analysis of mulberry roots based on stable isotopes in rocky desertification area
Title of translation:基于稳定同位素的石漠化地区桑树根系水来源研究
Authors:Xing, Dan (1); Xiao, Jiujun (2); Han, Shiyu (1); Peng, Guihua (1); Fu, Wenting (1); Jia, Yanlong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Sericulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang; 550006, China; (2) Research Institute of Mountain Resources, Guizhou Province, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang; 550003, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Yanlong(jia-yanlong@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:77-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water deficit is the main obstacle factor of plant reconstruction in rocky desertification area of Southwest China. Mycorrhizal mulberry (Morus alba L. ) can cope with the main ecological barriers during the seasonal drought in the rocky desertification area. However, it is unclear the water resource of mulberry. In this study, we studied the water use strategy of mulberry root in different seasons by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope technique. The mulberry was grown in typical rocky desertification area in Qingshuipu town, Qixingguan district, Bijie city (105°35'02''E, 27°41'19''N) in Guizhou Province. The precipitation was mainly concentrated in June-September. The mulberry was not irrigated. The annual growth of mulberry was in 2 seasons: from April to June and from September to November. The samples of rainfall water, soil and plant branch were collected from April to November of 2014. Soil was sampled at 0-60 cm depth with 10 cm as a sampling layer. The abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope were measured. The correction analysis method was used to preliminarily evaluate water sources of mulberry. The contribution rate of water at each soil layer was also calculated. The results showed that in rainfall water, the abundance of deuterium from April to November averaged -25.9‰ and the oxygen stable isotope abundance averaged -4.82‰. In spring from April to June, the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in rainfall water averaged -0.24‰ and -1.68‰, respectively. In autumn from September to November, the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in rainfall water averaged -60.0‰ and -8.17‰, respectively. In spring, the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in soil water averaged -29.4‰ and -4.77‰, respectively while the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in xylem water averaged -33.2‰ and -5.39‰, respectively. In autumn, the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in soil water averaged -70.1‰ and -9.27‰, respectively while the abundance of deuterium and oxygen stable isotope in xylem water averaged -55.7‰ and -7.92‰, respectively. The abundance of both stable isotopes in soil water and xylem water were below that in the rainfall water and that of xylem water were between soil water and rainfall water. It indicated that the mulberry mainly used soil water. Both isotopes in rainwater were more enriched in the early stage of mulberry growth (spring, from April to June) than in the late growth stages (autumn, from September to November). With the seasonal variation of rainfall, the both isotopes of soil water showed a downward trend. According to rainfall water equations, the mulberry absorbed mainly soil water. Both isotopes had clear seasonal trend. In spring, the isotopes in soil water decreased with the increase of soil depth. In autumn, isotopes in soil water decreased then increased with soil depth. Based on the correlation method, the mulberry absorbed water from different soil depth. In spring, it absorbed water from soil below 20 cm while it absorbed water from soil 0-20 cm. In September, it also absorbed water from 50-60 cm soil layer. Based on results from the IsoSource software, in spring, mulberry mainly used soil water from soil layers of 10-30 to 50-60 cm. In autumn, it mainly used soil water from soil layers of 50-60 to 0-10 cm. In spring, the contribution rate was 69.1% by 10-30 cm in soil, 31.8% and 66% by 50-60 cm layer in May and June, 70.2% by 50-60 cm in September and 94.3% and 71.9% by 0-10 cm in October and November, respectively. The study will be helpful to mulberry manage and application in rocky desertification area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Water absorption
Controlled terms:Climatology - Deuterium - Drought - Isotopes - Oxygen - Plants (botany) - Rain - Soil moisture - Water content - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes - Oxygen stable isotopes - Plant reconstruction - Seasonal changes - Seasonal droughts - Seasonal variation - Soil water deficit - Water use strategies
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.18e+01%, Percentage 6.60e+01%, Percentage 6.91e+01%, Percentage 7.02e+01%, Percentage 7.19e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20194607670470
Title:Process optimization and physicochemical properties of fish oil microcapsules prepared by jet cavitation
Title of translation:鱼油微胶囊射流空化制备工艺优化及理化性质研究
Authors:Jiang, Lianzhou (1); Wang, Zhaoyun (1); Wang, Zhongjiang (1); Zhang, Xinxin (1); Guo, Zengwang (1); Zuo, Feng (2); Liu, Jun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 158308, China; (3) Linyi Wang Plant Protein Co., Ltd, Shandong Yuwang Ecological Food Co., Ltd, Dezhou; 253000, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhongjiang(1559210638@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:312-320
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The purpose of the research is to optimize the process of preparing fish oil microcapsules by jet cavitation by using soy protein isolate as the wall material. The effect of wall material addition, emulsifier addition, core material addition and jet cavitation treatment time on emulsion stability and fish oil microcapsule embedding rate was studied by spray drying method. The response surface test was used to analyze various factors to obtain the most. The preparation process of the microcapsules was carried out, and the structure, physical and chemical properties and stability of the prepared microcapsule products were compared with those of the commercially available products. The feasibility of jet cavitation technology in the manufacturing process of microcapsules is discussed, which provides a preliminary theoretical basis for the application of jet cavitation technology in food. The results showed that the emulsion obtained under the conditions of 3.21% of wall material, 0.21% of emulsifier added, 19.70% of core material and 11.25 min of jet cavitation treatment time had better stability, and the embedding rate of fish oil microcapsules reached 94.14%; compared with commercially available fish oil microcapsules, the embedding rate increased by 4.91%. The microcapsule product has spherical microstructure, no cracks, pores and cracks, dense structure, fullness and fullness, and complete particle morphology, which basically achieves the intended purpose of embedding. The microcapsule product has a small particle size, a normal distribution and a narrow region. This indicates that the microcapsules have a uniform particle size distribution, and the particle size is small, the surface oil content is lowered, the embedding rate is increased, and the embedding effect is good. The angle of repose of the microcapsule powder was determined to be 40.39°, which was 9.37° lower than that of the commercially available microcapsules, and the smaller the angle of repose of the powder product, the smaller the frictional force and the better the fluidity. The microcapsule powder was measured to have a moisture content of 3.07% and a solubility of 96.30%, and the solubility was good. The results of differential scanning calorimetry show that the microcapsules have a high thermal dissolution temperature and can be used for storage at room temperature. This may be because the microcapsule particles in this study are spherical and dense in structure. The instantaneous high temperature during spray drying rapidly evaporates the water in the emulsion and hardens the surface. Therefore, the temperature and energy required for the phase transition of the sample are higher, and the thermal stability is better. The accelerated storage test of the fish oil after embedding showed that microencapsulation can improve the oxidative stability of fish oil. This is due to the dense and void-free structure of the microcapsule product in this study. The surface oil content is low, and the wall material is good for embedding fish oil, which hinders the influence of external conditions on fish oil and isolates oxygen, thus slowing down the oxidation rate, thermal stability can be better. Therefore, it can effectively delay the oxidative deterioration of fish oil microcapsules during storage and prolong the shelf life.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Fish products
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Cavitation - Chemical stability - Coremaking - Deterioration - Differential scanning calorimetry - Embeddings - Emulsification - Experiments - Fish - Food storage - Microstructure - Morphology - Normal distribution - Oils and fats - Optimization - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Physicochemical properties - Solubility - Spray drying - Thermodynamic stability
Uncontrolled terms:Accelerated storages - Fish oil - Manufacturing process - Microcapsule particles - Microcapsules - Particle morphologies - Physical and chemical properties - Soy protein isolates
Classification code:534.2 Foundry Practice - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.1 Probability Theory - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.10e-01%, Percentage 3.07e+00%, Percentage 3.21e+00%, Percentage 4.91e+00%, Percentage 9.63e+01%, Time 6.75e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20194607670334
Title:Spatial pattern evolution of abandoned arable land and its influencing factor in industrialized region
Title of translation:工业化区域撂荒耕地空间格局演变及影响因素分析
Authors:Zhang, Tianzhu (1, 2); Zhang, Fengrong (1, 2); Huang, Jingwen (1, 2); Li, Chao (1, 2); Zhang, Bailin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) School of Economics and Management, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin; 300387, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fengrong(frzhang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:246-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper takes Gaobeidian City of Hebei Province as the research area. Based on the Landsat TM/OLI data from 1999 to 2001, 2007-2009 and 2015-2017, the CART decision tree classification method is used to extract the distribution of abandoned arable land in the study area. Finally, we analyze its spatial pattern change characteristics and influencing factors. The study draws the following conclusions: 1) Using CART decision tree classification method to interpret remote sensing images in Gaobeidian City and verify the accuracy. The result shows that: 1)the classification accuracy of 18-stage images are between 87.5% and 96.4%, which can meet the accuracy requirements of this study; 2) The type of abandoned arable land in Gaobeidian City is mainly seasonal abandonment. The area of abandoned arable land reached 21 888.42 hm<sup>2</sup> in the spring of 2001, and the area of seasonal abandoned arable land and perennial abandoned arable land are gradually decreasing; 3) The analysis of landscape indicators including plaque number (NP), average plaque area (MPS), median plaque area (PSMD), plaque area standard deviation (PSSD), and average shape index (MSI) of the abandoned arable land shows that the main form of the abandonment of arable land has changed from large-scale centralized abandonment to small-scale decentralized abandonment; 4) The development of rural industry is the main driving factor leading to the abandonment of arable land. The result of the buffer analysis shows that the closer the industrial center is, the higher the comprehensive abandonment rate; The traffic conditions and farming radius also affect the abandonment of arable land to a certain extent, but in the flat plains region, its impact gradually weakened; 5) The gap in crop yields leads to seasonal differences in the cultivated land reclamation in Gaobeidian City. The long-term low net income per unit area of wheat is the main factor leading to the large-scale spring abandonment of arable land in Gaobeidian City, and the arable land transfer can effectively inhibit the abandonment of arable land. The results of rural survey show that the arable land transfer rate in the six surveyed villages shows a significant negative correlation with the change of the arable land abandonment rate. Due to the low resolution of remote sensing images used in this study, the interpretation accuracy may be affected. In addition, the selection time of remote sensing images is mainly based on the growth of spring wheat and summer maize, which do not take into account the late planting of summer stubble carrot and other crops in different growth periods. Although the sowing area of such crops is small, it may still cause errors in the interpretation of abandoned arable land. In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to use Google high-resolution image for manual visual interpretation and correction, but this method will cost a lot of manpower and time. In future research, other remote sensing data sources with higher spatial resolution and richer spectral information can be considered for interpretation in order to solve these problems. The research results can provide reference for the study of abandoned arable land in other similar areas in China, and provide basis for the formulation of national food security and regional sustainable development policies.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Land reclamation
Controlled terms:Classification (of information) - Crops - Decision trees - Food supply - Land use - Remote sensing - Rural areas - Surveys - Trees (mathematics)
Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Classification accuracy - Decision tree classification - High resolution image - Regional sustainable development - Remote sensing data source - Remote sensing images - Visual interpretation
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2 Land Reclamation - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.75e+01% to 9.64e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20194607670283
Title:Warming and strawberry cultivation effect of building heat storage walls in assembled solar greenhouse
Title of translation:装配式日光温室砌筑不同蓄热墙体的增温和草莓栽培效果
Authors:Ma, Yuehong (1, 2); Li, Baoming (1); Wang, Guoqiang (2); Liu, Na (2); Liu, De (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Mechanization Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Baoming(libm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:175-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To solve the problem of low temperature inside the solar greenhouses during the winter nights in Northwest desert area of China, a case study was conducted on the assembled solar greenhouse, which is widely used in Hetian area, Xinjiang Province. Three types of walls with different building materials, i. e., the brick wall, block wall, and the sand-filled block wall, were built in the north sides of the solar greenhouses with the purpose to improve its heat storage properties and consequently to increase the indoor temperatures during the winter nights. Temperatures of the north walls and indoor environments of the solar greenhouses were continuously monitored with the TC100 sensors. The effect of different heat storage walls on strawberry cultivation inside the greenhouses was evaluated. The mass weight and solid soluble content of the strawberry were measured by ACS-30 balance and LH-B55 digital refractometer, respectively. Results showed that the heat storage performances of the three types of north walls with identical volumes and dimensions were as followings: Sand-filled block wall > block wall > brick wall. The internal temperatures of the three heat storage walls were 9.7, 10.4, and 11.3℃, respectively. The brick wall, block wall and sand-filled block wall averagely increased the indoor temperatures of the assembled solar greenhouses by 2.2, 2.9, and 3.8℃ at 07:00 in the morning, respectively. The indoor temperatures of four greenhouses are 7.4, 9.6, 10.3, and 11.2℃ respectively. The same planting management technology was adopted for the three tested solar greenhouses. The flowering dates of the cultivated strawberries using the three heat storage walls were 7 days, 11 days, and 14 days earlier than those of the original solar greenhouses without any modifications, and the maturities of strawberries were 14 days, 17 days, and 20 days earlier, respectively. The strawberry yields were 24.2%, 30.1%, and 33.4% higher, and meanwhile, the soluble solid contents of the strawberry in the treated groups were 1.4 percentage points, 2.1 percentage points, and 2.6 percentage points greater than those in the original fabricated greenhouses. The average soluble solids content of strawberry cultivated in three greenhouses reached 11.5%, 12.2%, and 12.7% respectively. The results again verify the importance of thermal properties of the north wall on the microenvironment of the solar greenhouses. Among the modifications, the mortar block wall is more effective than the brick wall, providing a better environment for strawberry growth in the greenhouse. The heat storage capacity of the new tested walls was consistent with the calculated heat load of the assembled greenhouses, indicating that the newly built walls in the greenhouse without supplemental heating systems were the driven source for the indoor environment improvement during the nighttime. The thermal load of fabricated solar greenhouse envelope was 70.3 MJ/h. The calculated value of heat emitted from the heat storage wall into the greenhouse was 91.1和119.3 MJ, respectively. This paper provides a reference for the heat storage material selection and structural design, as well as a basis for the application and research of mortar blocks in assembled solar greenhouses in the desert area of Northwest China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Brick - Fruits - Greenhouse effect - Heat storage - Mortar - Solar heating - Space heating - Storage (materials) - Structural design - Temperature - Thermal load - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivate - Heat storage capacity - Internal temperature - Management technologies - Soluble solid content - Soluble solids content - Storage performance - Walls
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 414.2 Brick Materials - 414.3 Mortar (Before 1993, use code 412) - 451 Air Pollution - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 694.4 Storage - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 3.01e-02yr, Age 3.84e-02yr, Age 4.66e-02yr, Age 5.48e-02yr, Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.27e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01%, Percentage 3.01e+01%, Percentage 3.34e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20194607670293
Title:Identification and spatial pattern analysis of poverty spatial deprivation in Karst Region of Southwest China
Title of translation:西南喀斯特区贫困空间剥夺的识别及空间格局分析
Authors:Liu, Yuanli (1); Liao, Heping (1, 2); Zhang, Qianqian (1); Li, Jing (3); Cai, Jin (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (2) Southwest University Center for Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Regional Deveiopment Assessment, Chongqing; 400067, China; (3) School of Economics and Management, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang; 621000, China; (4) College of Tourism and Land Resource, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Heping(liaohp@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:284-294
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The Karst region of Southwest China is a complex region with a fragile ecological environment and multi-dimensional poverty. Research on the spatial deprivation and spatial pattern of multi-dimensional poverty in this region is conducive to revealing the causes of poverty in specific regions, thus providing a theoretical basis for formulating poverty control measures. Based on introducing the concept of poverty spatial deprivation, this paper constructed the index system of poverty spatial deprivation, and studied the identification and spatial pattern of poverty spatial deprivation in 153 administrative villages in Luoping County, Yunnan Province by means of spatial autocorrelation, hot-spot analysis and geographical detector. The results show that Luoping County has a deep level of poverty spatial deprivation, as the dimensions of natural deprivation, economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty are mainly in a medium-high degree deprivation. Among them, natural deprivation is mainly in a medium level of deprivation, while economic deprivation, ecological deprivation, ability deprivation and opportunity deprivation are mainly in a high level of deprivation and the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty is mainly in a medium and high level of deprivation. Moreover, the spatial deprivation of multi-dimensional poverty has a strong degree of agglomeration with 6 high-value agglomeration areas at the county boundaries, 1 low-value agglomeration area at the county center, and 2 outlier areas at the urban-rural junction, thus the distribution of poverty spatial deprivation has a significant positive correlation.Besides, poverty spatial deprivation has a significant difference in the distribution of spatial pattern, as different dimensions of poverty spatial deprivation present different morphological characteristics: the spatial distribution index of the natural deprivation presents a core-peripheral structure, the spatial distribution index of the economic deprivation gradually increases outward at a 45° axis from the center of the city to the northwest of the city, the spatial distribution index of the ecological deprivation presents a double-core structure, the spatial distribution index of the opportunity deprivation presents a "lv (Chinese character)" structure, the spatial distribution index of the ability deprivation presents a structure of "one main and several subsidiaries" and the spatial distribution index of the multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation presents a structure of "low center and high periphery". In addition, among forces that determine the effect of uni-dimensional deprivation on multi-dimensional poverty spatial deprivation, opportunity deprivation has the strongest determining force, followed by ability deprivation and natural deprivation and ecological deprivation are relatively weak, and the interaction between any two single dimensions is greater than the effect of a single dimension, which indicates that there is a two-factor enhancement between two single dimensions. Finally, in conjunction with the 5 key identified areas of poverty spatial deprivation areas, different categories of policies and suggestions are proposed to provide scientific references for the study of the coordination between urban and rural poverty control and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Spatial variables measurement
Controlled terms:Agglomeration - Ecology - Landforms - Rural areas - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Degree of agglomeration - Karst regions - Luoping County - Morphological characteristic - Poverty spatial deprivation - Recognition - Spatial autocorrelations - Spatial pattern analysis
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1 Geology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 921 Mathematics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20194607667449
Title:Effects of mooring systems and ballast status on dynamic behaviors of semi-submersible offshore fish farm
Title of translation:系泊和压载方式对半潜式渔场平台动力特性的影响
Authors:Huang, Xiaohua (1); Wang, Fangfang (1, 2); Liu, Haiyang (1); Hu, Yu (1); Wang, Zhanhang (3); Wang, Shaomin (1); Zhao, Yunpeng (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Guangdong Cage Engineering Research Center, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou; 510300, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian; 116024, China; (3) Fishery Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing; 100141, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, due to various environmental problems and resource conflicts in coastal areas, nearshore mariculture in China has been increasingly confronted with the severe challenge of space compression. However, in more exposed sea areas with the depth exceeds 20 m, the water quality is much better and the water utilization rate is much lower, less than 1%. With the development of aquaculture technology and equipment engineering, it is an inevitable trend for fish farms to transfer to offshore areas. To reduce the risk of fish farming in open sea areas with strong waves and current, offshore fish farm that having the distinct advantages with moderlization of culture and management were encouraged to develop in the past two years in China. Generally, offshore farm was considered as an integrated farming system composed of cultured fish, floating structure, automatic equipments, various facilities, which was expected to play a positive role in leading and promoting the offshore aquaculture industry. In this study, we conducted a series of physical model tests for a semi-submersible offshore fish farm called "Dehai No. 1" in waves, in which the model scale was set as 1:30 and the scale of 1:1 was set for the net mesh size. The "Dehai No. 1" offshore fish farm with truss structure was co-designed by South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute and Tianjin De-Sai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd in the year of 2018. The main experimental parameters of the offshore farm were as follows: length 3. 04 m, width 0.92 m, height 0.34 m, designed draft of 0.22 m, no-load weight of 15.33 kg. Considering the actual production requirements, three kinds of single point mooring systems (L=2.67, L=5.34 or L=5.34 plus G<inf>W</inf>=200 g) and three kinds of ballast status (no-load, half-load or full-load) as well as different regular waves conditions (H=16. 7-23.3 cm, T=1. 64-2.01 s) were set as the test conditions for the fish farm. Through physical model experiments, the dynamic behaviour of the fish farm under different conditions were studied, and the results of mooring force and motion response were given and compared. Owing to the characteristics of the single point mooring system, the fish farm in practice inevitably drift within the scope of sea area in the center of mooring point on seabed with the variation of low-to-high water surface, studying the sway and surge as well as yaw for the fish farm could not testify its good stability. Therefore, we chose the heave, pitch and roll for analyzing the motion characteristics of the fish farm. The experimental results showed that the single-point mooring system with anchor chain length of 5.34 m and a weight of 200 g could better reduce the mooring force of the fish farm in waves. Among all of the wave conditions, the peak value of each movement component of the fish farm was relatively small. When the fish farm was subjected to the sea loads with wave height of 23.3 cm (7 m in full-scale) and wave period of 2.01 s (11 s in full-scale), the peak value for the heave, pitch and roll was 4.21 cm, 6.55° and 1.19°, respectively, which indicated that the fish farm had good performance for the stability of floating state. Comparing the maximum motion and mooring force of the fish farm under various floating conditions, including no-load and half-load as well as full-load, we found that, in the full-load floating state, the peak value for the mooring force, pitch and roll was biggest, but the peak value of the heave was biggest under the no-load floating state for the fish farm. With increasing wave height, both of the mooring force and motion of the fish farm became larger. The results provide a basis for further understanding the dynamic characteristics of fish farm, and help to provide theoretical and data reference for the structure design and installation of fish farm.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Ballast (railroad track) - Dynamics - Environmental protection - Environmental technology - Enzyme kinetics - Fisheries - Loads (forces) - Marine biology - Offshore oil well production - Offshore technology - Semisubmersibles - Single point mooring - Structural design - Submersibles - Water quality - Water waves - Waves
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic characteristics - Experimental parameters - Fish farms - Integrated farming systems - Physical model experiments - Production requirements - Single-point mooring systems - Technology and equipments
Classification code:408 Structural Design - 408.1 Structural Design, General - 445.2 Water Analysis - 454 Environmental Engineering - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.9 Biology - 471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 674 Small Craft and Other Marine Craft - 674.1 Small Marine Craft - 681.1 Railway Plant and Structures, General - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.53e+01kg, Mass 2.00e-01kg, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Size 2.00e+01m, Size 2.20e-01m, Size 3.40e-01m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 4.21e-02m, Size 5.34e+00m, Size 7.00e+00m, Size 7.00e-02m to 2.33e-01m, Size 9.20e-01m, Time 1.10e+01s, Time 6.40e+01s to 2.01e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20194607670491
Title:Frost heave mechanical model of concrete lining trapezoidal canal based on elastic foundation beam theory
Title of translation:基于弹性地基梁理论的梯形渠道混凝土衬砌冻胀力学模型
Authors:Li, Zongli (1, 2); Yao, Xiwang (1); Yang, Le (1); Shao, Huajian (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:110-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Frost heaving damage is the main way for channel lining damage in cold regions. It is a basic work to build a rational mechanical model of frost heaving for the anti-freeze design of channel lining. Based on Winkler's assumption, this paper considers that the frost heave effect of the foundation soil of channel is equivalent to a set of springs which are independent of each other and are vertical or parallel to the lining board. The amount of frost heaving is reflected by the elongation of the springs. The frost heave force is reflected by the reaction force generated by the compression of the springs. The frost heave mechanics model of concrete lining plate of trapezoidal channel is established based on the elastic foundation beam theory. It abandons the boundary condition of simplifying the lining board to the simple support at both ends, and directly establishes the boundary condition according to the coordination of the force and deformation of the channel lining plate in the frost heaving process, and applies the calculation result of frost heaving amount of the SL23-2006 "Specification for Design of Anti-freeze of Canal Engineering". By analyzing the force characteristics during the frost heaving process of the channel lining plate, it is considered that the top of the slope lining plate will produce a certain frost heave displacement when the channel foundation soil is frost heaving. The frost heave at the end of the slope lining plate is restrained due to the bottom lining plate. Therefore, when the slope lining board is separately analyzed, it can be considered that the end of the slope lining plate is subjected to a pair of restraining reaction forces from the bottom plate. When the bottom lining plate is frost heave, the frost heaving at both ends of the bottom lining plate is restrained due to the two slope lining plate. Therefore, the two ends of the bottom lining are respectively subjected to a pair of restraining reaction forces from the slope lining plate. Applying the "short beam" theory of elastic foundation beams, the analytical expressions of frost heave amount, frost heave reaction force, bending moment and shearing force of the channel lining board after frost heaving are derived, and the calculation methods of tangential freezing force and axial force is given by the frost heave mechanical balance of trapezoidal channel lining board. Taking the trapezoidal channel of the main canal of Jinghui in Gansu Province as an example, the frost heave and frost heave reaction calculated by the model of this paper are compared with the previous experiment and numerical simulation, which the regularities of distribution is basically the same. Meanwhile, the overall average relative error of the frost heave amount obtained by this paper model is 4.72% compared with the results of the previous experiment, in which the rationality of the model is verified. The model of this paper applies the frost heave amount obtained from the SL23-2006 "Specification for Design of Anti-freeze of Canal Engineering", which is organically linked with the design specification, and provides a reference for the anti-freeze design of canal in cold regions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Linings
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Canals - Concretes - Foundations - Frozen soils - Hydraulic structures - Specifications
Uncontrolled terms:Analytical expressions - Average relative error - Displacement - Elastic foundation beam - Force characteristics - Frost-heaving amounts - Mechanical model - Trapezoidal channels
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 412 Concrete - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 483.2 Foundations - 902.2 Codes and Standards - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.72e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20194607670524
Title:Sediment-reducing benefits by runoff regulation under engineering measures in steep slope of abandoned soil deposits in Chinese loessial region
Title of translation:黄土区工程堆积体陡坡坡面径流调控工程措施的减沙效应
Authors:Zhang, Letao (1); Dong, Junwu (1); Yuan, Lin (1); Zhu, Yaqin (1); Huang, Zengyu (1); Li, Wanlu (1); Wang, Huihui (1); Tang, Linhao (1); Tian, Hongwei (2); Gao, Zhaoliang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng; 475004, China; (2) Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd, Wuhan; 430010, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Zhaoliang(gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:101-109
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is of significant sense to quantitatively distinguish the different role of decreasing runoff and changing flow-sediment relationship in sediment control, which will be helpful to profoundly understand the soil and water conservation benefits of runoff regulation measures. In order to explore the water-sediment effects and associated control efficiency of different engineering measures and their combinations in regulating runoff yield and sediment export from the deposit slope, a series of simulated runoff scouring experiments under the control of different engineering measures were conducted on a steep deposit slope (36°) along the Shenmu-Fugu Expressway in the loessial region of China. Several types of traditional engineering measures were designed in the study, among which individual measures included level terraces, level trenches, and fish-scale pits. In order to optimize the layouts of engineering measures on the slope, combined measures of level terraces + level trenches, level trenches + fish-scale pits, and level trenches+ fish-scale pits were also designed. Closed runoff plots with a size of 2.5×12 m<sup>2</sup> were established on the deposit slope, clean water was added at the top of the plot with an inflow rate of 25 L/min to simulate surface runoff processes. Runoff and sediment was funneled through a PVC tube down to a bucket with a radius of 0.49 m and a height of 1 m. Runoff and sediment samples from the plots were collected by were taken using1000 mL plastic bottles every 1 min in initial 3 min of each run and then every 2 min for the rest of the duration, for determining sediment concentration. Therefore, the runoff and sediment process was calculated under different scenarios. The results showed that slope runoff and erosion were well controlled by engineering measures, and the control ratio of runoff commencement time, runoff, sediment export, and mean sediment concentration varied from 2 to 20, 0.45 to 0.78, 0.20 to 0.59, and 0.38 to 0.79 under different situations, respectively. Overall, sediment reduction induced by decreasing runoff was the main cause for sediment reduction benefits by engineering measures. However, sediment reduction induced by flow-sediment relationship changes was highly dependent on the behavior of decreasing runoff in reducing sediment output. For level terrace-based measures, sediment reduction induced by flow-sediment relationship changes was positively and linearly correlated to sediment reduction induced by decreasing runoff. The sediment regulation effects of altering flow-sediment relationship initiated, when sediment reduction induced by decreasing runoff exceeded a certain threshold. For level trench-based measures, there was a quadratic function relationship between sediment reduction induced by flow-sediment relationship changes and sediment reduction induced by decreasing runoff. Furthermore, a climax existed for sediment reduction induced by flow-sediment changes. In terms of sediment control, the level trench-based measures were more efficient than level terrace-based measures. In the case of the combination of level trench and fish-scale pit, the potential of decreasing runoff and altering flow-sediment relationship in reducing sediment output was well exerted with the efficiency coefficient being 55%. It indicated that relative equilibrium between the two causes for sediment reduction was kept at a high level under this combination. Therefore, the application of different engineering measures and their combinations should be considered based on specific soil and water conservation benefits and erosion control goals. The study provides theoretical references for the optimization of engineering measure in soil and water conservation management of steep deposit slope.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Runoff
Controlled terms:Deposits - Efficiency - Erosion - Fish - Plastic bottles - Polyvinyl chlorides - Sedimentation - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Efficiency coefficient - Engineering measures - Flow-sediment relationship - Reducing capacity - Sediment concentration - Soil and water conservation - Soil deposits - Traditional engineerings
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.50e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 4.90e-01m, Time 1.20e+02s, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 6.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20194607670480
Title:CFD simulation of influence of air supply location on airflow and temperature in stacked-cage hen house with tunnel ventilation
Title of translation:进风位置对纵向通风叠层鸡舍气流和温度影响CFD模拟
Authors:Cheng, Qiongyi (1); Mu, Yu (2); Li, Baoming (3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Institute of Facility Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Baoming(libm@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:192-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The environment in hen house is critical to the production performance of laying hens. Tunnel ventilation which combines cooling pad and exhausted fans is commonly adopted in hen house in summer. The air motion is driven by exhaust fans on the gable wall. After cooled down by the wet pad, the air takes away the heat produced by hens, and then goes out through the exhaust fans. In this study, the effects of the air supply location were studied to identify its influence on the airflow, temperature and its distribution based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The hen house measured in this study was a breeding house with five columns fours stacked layer cages. The length of the hen house was 105 m and the width was 15 m, the height of the gable wall was 6 m and of the roof was 7 m, the distance between the gable wall and first cage was 7.5 m. The number of hens was 28 717. The air supply locations investigated in this study were differed by the inlet area in the side and gable wall, the distance between sidewall inlet and gable wall inlet, the distance between the inlet and first hen cage. The simulation model was validated by field experiment, in which speed and temperature in the breeding hen house in 18 points in the aisles were measured. The relative difference between measured and simulated results of temperature was 0.1%, and of speed was 9.5%, illustrating that the model was reasonable to simulate the environment in the hen house. The simulation results showed that without flaps behind the inlet, the increase of the distance between the air supply location and the cage could significantly increase the average wind speed inside the caged-hen occupied zone (CZ) near the air inlet zone (within 17.5 m from the first cage). The maximum increase amplitude was 0.54 m/s in this study. With flaps behind the air inlet, the air supply location had no significant effect on the average speed in CZ in the cage. Meanwhile, with the increased distance between the air supply location and the cage, the uniformity of airflow distribution in CZ nearby the inlet increased, the temperature in CZ decreased and its distribution tended to be more uniformity. However, the influence range of the air supply location on the environment in CZ was limited. In this study, the influence range in CZ of the air supply location on air speed was within 27 m from the first cage, on airflow distribution uniformity was within 45 m from the first cage, on temperature distribution was within 18 m from the first cage. This study showed that in the design of air supply location in hen house in summer, the gable wall should be utilized as much as possible. The overlap between the inlet and the hen cage should also be avoided, to guarantee that the inlet airflow could be fully developed before entering the CZ. This design was beneficial to reduce the weakly ventilated zone and vortex in CZ, and can guide the design of air supply location in hen houses.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Air
Controlled terms:Air intakes - Computational fluid dynamics - Heating - Houses - Location - Speed - Temperature - Ventilation - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Air flow fields - Air supply - Airflow distribution - Computational fluid dynamics simulations - Production performance - Simulated results - Simulation model - Tunnel ventilation
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 9.50e+00%, Size 1.05e+02m, Size 1.50e+01m, Size 1.75e+01m, Size 1.80e+01m, Size 2.70e+01m, Size 4.50e+01m, Size 6.00e+00m, Size 7.00e+00m, Size 7.50e+00m, Velocity 5.40e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20194607667486
Title:Design and experiment of continuous intelligent skewer-roasted machine with infrared compound heating
Title of translation:红外复合加热型连续式智能串烤机设计与试验
Authors:Wang, Songlei (1, 2); Yi, Weiguo (1); Wang, Caixia (1); He, Jianguo (1, 2); Kang, Ningbo (2); Luo, Ruiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) College of Construction and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:He, Jianguo(Hejg@nxu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:63-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Developed an continuous and automatic roasting process system and equipment with Android platform and ATMEGA328P embedded system through the optimization of temperature control model, heat transfer analysis and other technologies, Combined the research and development of compound heating system of infrared and electric heat pipes with conveyor system of synchronous chain, and then the process of continuous roasting was achieved by designing self-rotating skewer-roasting structure which can adapt to different diameters of skewers. Meanwhile a temperature control model based on the principle of heat balance was established for this roasting process, and the neural network PID algorithm which based on adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used to achieve the setting temperature controlling. And then the heat transfer characteristics, depth of radiation penetration and temperature distribution of the central section of infrared grilled meat products with different powers by using infrared thermal imaging technology, finally completed the development of Atmega328P single-chip microcomputer logic operation control system and Android terminal touch screen control interface, and the continuous grill results of meat products got from prototype process system was analyzed. The experimental results showed that The synchronous chain conveyor system and the spin mechanism were combined to reach the continuous roasting process, the plug-pull gripper can adapt to the skewer range of 2-6 mm in diameter which clamping force should not be less than 0.265 N, the skewing-rotation speed was 5.3 r/min when the conveyor system runs was programmed at 1m/min. The initial value of the temperature control model was optimized by the adaptive mutation optimization particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and the initial weight obtained was 0.044 2 and then the parameters of P=0.218 1, I=0.63, D=0.151 9 were acquired by the PSO algorithm optimized neural network PID model which control temperature upper and lower deviation were 2.4 and 2.7℃ when the grilling temperature was set at 160℃, the maximum deviation was 5.1℃ of this constant temperature system. Compared with the effects of different infrared heater when the roasting samples surface temperature reaches 100℃, we got the best baking of 2 000 W medium-wave infrared heater and acquired the gradient temperature difference between surface to center was 25℃ from infrared thermal imaging technology, in the meantime we got the depth of radiation heat tranfer penetration in meat was about 2 mm which similar to the heater of 2 500 W, the inner part of the meat samples heat transfer was mainly by conduction, on the other hand the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the internal moisture content of the meat samples were better than the roasting effects of 1 000 and 1 500 W infrared heater. The core parts of automatic controls system was composed of embedded development system and temperature sensing module, motor driving module, bluetooth communication module, voltage self-setting module and relay control module, and the ATMEGA328P embedded control system acted accurately, and the Android touch screen control interface responsed rapidly. The shortest time of meat samples grilled by this equipment system was 6 minutes when the system power was designed to be 14 kW, and the yield of it was up to 1 200 strings/h. It provides a perfect technical reference for development of industrial and continuous skewer roasting equipments.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Adaptive control systems
Controlled terms:Android (operating system) - Automation - Calcination - Chain conveyors - Electric control equipment - Heat pipes - Heat transfer - Heating equipment - Infrared heating - Infrared imaging - Magnetic resonance imaging - Meats - Models - Particle swarm optimization (PSO) - Radiation effects - Temperature control - Thermal management (electronics) - Thermal processing (foods) - Touch screens
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive particle swarm optimizations - Android platforms - Embedded control systems - Heat transfer characteristics - Particle swarm optimization algorithm - Research and development - Single chip microcomputers - Temperature control models
Classification code:619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 642.1 Process Heating - 692.1 Conveyors - 704.2 Electric Equipment - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 746 Imaging Techniques - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.65e-01N, Power 1.00e+03W, Power 1.40e+04W, Power 1.50e+03W, Power 2.00e+03W, Power 2.50e+03W, Rotational_Speed 5.30e+00RPM, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.00e-03m to 6.00e-03m, Time 3.60e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20194607670320
Title:Effects of reducing fertilizer application rate under different mulching types on yield and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency of rapeseed
Title of translation:不同覆盖类型下减量施肥对油菜产量及水肥利用效率影响
Authors:Feng, Jun (1, 2); Shi, Chao (1); Cholidah, Linna (1); Men, Shengnan (1); Duan, Meichun (1); Zhang, Sai (1); Xu, Qiwen (1); Wu, Haiyan (3); Ou, Gang (3); Xiang, Xinhua (3); Wang, Longchang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang; 618000, China; (3) Agricultural Committee of Yunyang County, Chongqing; 404500, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Longchang(wanglc2003@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:85-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of different cultivation technologies on the yield, water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a 2-factor complete random design experiment was conducted, which included 3 cultivation models (flat cultivation, straw mulching and ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting) and 3 fertilization models (conventional fertilization rate and type, reducing application rate with slow-release fertilizer and no fertilizer). The experiment was carried out in Baoping town of Yunyang county, Chongqing, China. The rapeseed variety was Sanxiayou No.5. The conventional fertilizer was urea (N 46%). The application rate of the conventional fertilizer was 225 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> N, 63 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> P and 72 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> K. The application rate of the slow release fertilizer was 180 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> N, 50 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> P and 58 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> K. In the slow release fertilizer, the N, P and K content were 25%, 7% and 8%, respectively. The experimental plot was 4 m in width and 4 m in length. During the experiments, the precipitation was measured. The plant height, dry matter and root shoot ratio were determined. After harvesting, the pod number, seeds number per plant, 1 000 grain weight and yield were determined too. Protein, oil content and fatty acid were measured. The water consumption and water use efficiency were calculated. The apparent utilization efficiency, agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of N, P and K were calculated. The results showed that it was rainy in 2016-2017 and had seasonal drought during the nutritional growth stage in 2017-2018. The yield and its composition values were lower in rainy year than in seasonal dry year. The single water-saving technology had no significant effect on yield increase when seasonal drought occurred. The water-saving and fertilizer saving technology could not only stabilize the yield when there was a lot of rain, but also obtained enough water during drought to increase the yield. The technique of straw mulching plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer and furrow ridge rainwater collection plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer could improve stress resistance at seedling stage of rapeseed, increased the effective pod number per plant and thus improved the yield and maintained the stability of the quality of rapeseed. At the same time, compared with the conventional cultivation under 2 different precipitation conditions, the technique of straw mulching plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer and furrow ridge rainwater collection plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer could reduce the water consumption of rapeseed, increase the water use efficiency by 8%-40%, and increased the fertilizer use efficiency. Considering results of this study and ecological condition in arid field of southwest, we suggested the technique of straw mulching plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer and furrow ridge rainwater collection plus reducing application rate of slow-release fertilizer. The slow-release fertilizer was applied once as base with the application rate of 720 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. The technique combined with others such as hole broadcast could effectively relieve the adverse impacts of abnormal climate conditions on the growth and yield of rapeseed to achieve high yield and quality.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Drought - Efficiency - Fatty acids - Forestry - Harvesting - Oilseeds - Plants (botany) - Precipitation (chemical) - Rain - Urea - Water conservation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Brassica napus - Conventional cultivations - Fertilizer applications - Rainwater collections - Slow release fertilizers - Straw mulching - Utilization efficiency - Water saving technology
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 4.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Size 4.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20194607670304
Title:Coupling relationship of rural settlements and rural resident population change of Chongqing
Title of translation:重庆农村居民点用地与农村人口变化耦合关系研究
Authors:Liu, Yan (1, 3); Yang, Qingyuan (2); He, Xing (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) Institute of Land Resources and Housing Surveying and Planning, Chongqing; 400020, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Qingyuan(yizyang@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:266-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Coordination between rural residents and rural settlements is an important goal in man-land relationship system. However, the research on rural residents change and rural settlements change from rural perspective is relatively weak due to urban bias. There are few researches focusing on the coupling relationship between human-land relationship changes. Based on existing researches and cross-section data of Chongqing in 2010 and 2016, this paper first analyzed the change types of rural residents and rural settlements. The change types were divided into four types: rapidly increase type, steady increase type, steady decrease type and rapidly decrease type. Secondly, through the coupling analysis of the two, four models of the change of rural resident and rural settlements are constructed: residents decrease settlements increase, residents increase settlements decrease, residents and settlements decrease, resident and settlement increase. Finally, in order to further demonstrate the spatial trend of the coupling relationship between rural residents and rural settlements change, Rongcheng and Yangchuan were taken as transverse sample zones of western Chongqing based on the comprehensive analysis of the economic development and geographical features of the city and the availability of data; Fuling, Fengdu, Zhongxian were taken as transverse sample zones along the Yangtze river; Wenzhou and Kaizhouas longitudinal sample zones in northeast Chongqingwere used to analyze the correlation between inhabitant elasticity coefficient, economic development and topographic conditions. The results show that: 1) The change of rural residents and rural settlements in town shows more heterogeneity. Under the general trend of decreasing in number and structure of rural resident in the whole city, 43.93% of rural settlements in town area increased, and 40.60% of rural resident in town area increased. 2) There is obvious spatial correlation between the land use of rural settlements and the changing pattern of rural residents and there is a spatial overlap between high value area and low value area of number change of rural settlements. Types of "residents decrease settlements increase" and "residents increase settlement decrease" are mainly distributed in highly impoverished areas while types of residents and settlements decrease, resident and settlement increase are mainly distributed in western Chongqing and main urban areas. 3) The coupling relationship between rural residents and rural settlements change has significant zonal differentiation characteristics. Along Yangtze river and in North-South direction, the residential elasticity coefficient shows obvious zonal distribution rules. In the short term, geographical conditions have no significant effect on the coupling relationship between the number of rural settlements and the change of rural residents. However, the coupling relationship between the number of rural settlements and the change of rural residents is significantly affected by economic development. Focusing on the relationship between rural settlements and rural residents changes in towns will provide reference for the formulation of land use policies in line with the reality of rural development.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Economic and social effects - Economics - Elasticity - Land use - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Chongqing - Comprehensive analysis - Coupling relationships - Elasticity coefficients - Geographical conditions - Rural residents - Settlements - Topographic conditions
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.06e+01%, Percentage 4.39e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20194607667436
Title:Improving physicochemical properties of planosol and increasing yield of soybean by using subsoil interval mixed layer technology
Title of translation:心土间隔混层技术改善白浆土理化性质提高大豆产量
Authors:Zhu, Baoguo (1, 2); Zhang, Chunfeng (1, 2); Jia, Huibin (1, 2); Meng, Qingying (1, 2); Wang, Nannan (1, 2); Kuang, Enjun (3); Zhang, Libo (1, 2); Gao, Xuedong (1); Wang, Qingsheng (1); Liu, Jungang (1); Wang, Yuxian (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi; 154007, China; (2) The Planosol Improvement Engineering Center of Heilongjiang Province, Jiamusi; 154007, China; (3) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (4) Qiqihaer Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihaer; 161006, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chunfeng(chunfeng-1@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:94-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Planosol is one of the main agricultural soils in the northeast of China, concentrates in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces relatively. Its total area is approximately 3.312 million hm<sup>2</sup> in Heilongjiang Province, centrally distributed in the Sanjiang Plain, its cultivated land area is about 0. 88 million hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 25.4% of the total arable land in the area. The subsoil of planosol often presents the physical and chemical characteristics of "hard, board and thin" during the growing period of crops, which results in serious drought and water logging. According to the characteristics of the two-layer nature of the planosol in its mechanical composition, we proposed a new soil modification route to treat the "sand" of the Aw (planosol layer) horizon with the "clay" of the B horizon (illuvia horizon), clarified the principle of "the Ap horizon in depth of 20 cm undisturbed, while mix the subsoil in depth of 30-40 cm", and developed a three-stage subsoil mixing plough which could mixed the Aw horizon and the horizon with the ratio of 1:1 under the condition of the black soil layer position unchanged, improved the permeability and the water storage capability of the subsoil. After many years experiment and demonstration, the whole subsoil layer mixed, seriously affect the mechanical seeding. In order to improve the soil modification efficiency, form suitable soil structure and improve barren subsoil, the subsoil interval mixing plough was designed on the basis of the three-stage subsoil mixing plough, which could plough the Ap horizon in depth of 20 cm undisturbed, mix the subsoil in depth of 30cm below, separate 62 cm without mixing. We conducted field experiment in the 854 state farm during 2016-2017, and investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of soil and the agronomic traits and yield of soybean of subsoil interval mixing area and surface ploughing and deep digging area to definite the yield-increasing mechanism of the interval subsoil mixing plough The result showed that compared with surface ploughing and deep digging area two years after soil modification, the subsoil interval mixing area improved the physical characteristics of the subsoil, during 20-40 cm soil layer, the soil water content increased by 2.13-3.20 percentage point, the hardness reduced by 40%-50%, and there was no peak; improved the soil permeability, the solid phase decreased by 5.06 percentage point, the liquid phase increased by 3.17 percentage point, and the gas phase increased by 1.89 percentage point; improved nutrient content of subsoil, the available nitrogen increased by 33.77%, the available phosphorus increased by 39.25%, the available potassium increased by 4.16% and the organic matter increased by15.85%, improved the total nutrients content of subsoil and alleviated soil acidity meanwhile. The yield of soybean in two years increased by 12.66%-13.28% compared with the CK area, the soil modification effect last long at a time, significant increase in production. The results could provide technical support for improving planosol and the same low yield soil and promoting high crop yields.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Chemical modification - Crops - Cultivation - Land use - Mechanical permeability - Mixing - Nutrients - Physicochemical properties - Soil moisture - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical characteristic - Mixing layers - Physical characteristics - Planosol - Soil improvement
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.27e+01% to 1.33e+01%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Percentage 3.92e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+00%, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.20e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20194607670273
Title:Solving water column separation and cavity collapse for pipelines by semi-analytical method
Title of translation:半解析法求解水柱分离与断流弥合水锤问题及机理分析
Authors:Han, Kai (1); Ding, Falong (1); Mao, Zeyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Corresponding author:Mao, Zeyu(maozeyu@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:33-39
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For pressurized water supply systems, excessive installation of air valves will inevitably increase the risk of secondary water hammer especially when the air valve fails. Therefore, reducing redundant air valves is of positive significance whether from the maintenance cost on apparatus or from the possible adverse impact caused by the malfunction. Compared to traditional analytical and numerical methods, the semi-analytical method adopted in this paper could not only ensure the clear and intuitive physical meaning of the research results but also expand the application scope of the analytical method, which was also conducive to the further study of key parameters. In this research, it aimed to find out the primary relationship between the function of air valves and the geometry characteristic of the system. Taking a simplified reservoir-pipe-reservoir system with one air valve installed at the elevated point for example, the research initially employed the basic theory of fluid transients to analyze the water hammer wave propagation process. Since the gas inhaled through the air valve separated the water column as the depressurized pressure arrived at the elevated point, the system was divided into 2 subsystems at the point according to their different wave propagation processes. The semi-analytical formulas of the target parameters such as the duration time of cavity growth and collapse, maximum air pocket volume and extreme pressure spike, were firstly proposed in a frictionless condition. Based on the formulas, it studied the key factors affecting the protective effect of the air valve against the water hammer. The semi-analytical solution indicated that the relative length of the downstream pipe section and the relative elevation of the high point played a leading role in the process of cavity growth and collapse. The effect of friction was later taken into the consideration of the semi-analytical expressions serving to reveal its influences on the system. Numerical simulations established on the method of characteristics, which had been proved to a credible and effective numerical method, were then conducted and compared with the semi-analytical solutions to validate the corresponding expressions with and without friction. The outcomes of the 2 approaches presented a consistent variation tendency with the principle variable. However, deviations still existed particularly when the targeted point had a relatively low elevation. The reasons for above deviations were discussed which probably stemmed from some hypotheses during the derivation of semi-analytic formulas, mainly including the omission of gas storage in the upstream section, linear and averaging treatment of the flow variation process in the derivation step. It could also be speculated from the results that the length and roughness of the downstream pipeline determined the maximum pressure spike and the specific pipeline elevation. The semi-analytical formula proposed in this paper was applicable to the containing-one-air-valve pressurized water supply system, and it required to be discussed in the future research for the complex system containing multiple water hammer protection devices with mutual influence. In spite of the limitations, the semi-analytical formulas still reflected the key factors correctly of the air valve as the protection device against water hammer. The findings are helpful to understand the action mechanism of the air valve in the hydraulic transition and provide references for the research of water hammer protection.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rivers
Controlled terms:Air - Friction - Models - Numerical methods - Pipelines - Pressure - Water hammer - Water supply - Water supply systems - Wave propagation
Uncontrolled terms:Air valves - Cavity collapse - Method of characteristics - Semi-analytical methods - Water columns
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20194607667442
Title:Time domain extrapolation method for load of drive shaft of high-power tractor based on POT model
Title of translation:基于POT模型的大功率拖拉机传动轴载荷时域外推方法
Authors:Yang, Zihan (1); Song, Zhenghe (1); Yin, Yiyong (1); Zhao, Xueyan (1); Liu, Jianghui (2); Han, Jiangang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Luoyang Xiyuan Vehicle and Power Inspection Institute Co., LTD, Luoyang; 471000, China
Corresponding author:Song, Zhenghe(songzhenghe@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:40-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tractor transmission shaft is one of the components that affect the reliability of the tractor. Compiling load spectrum which can reflect the actual working conditions of high-power tractor drive shaft is of great significance to improve the reliability of the tractor. It is time consuming and expensive to obtain the actual measurement for load spectrum of the whole life cycle, so extrapolated methods are always applied by using the load spectrum of the limited measurement duration. However, the traditional method of rain flow counting and rain basin extrapolation in the process of compiling load spectrum of transmission system has limitations, this paper proposed a POT (peak over threshold) model based time domain extrapolation method for driving shaft load of high-power tractor. Firstly, a set of wireless torque measurement system for tractor transmission shaft is built, which mainly includes strain gauges, batteries, wireless strain nodes and wireless acquisition terminals. The strain gauge is pasted on the proper part of the tractor drive shaft and connected with the wireless torque node. The wireless transmitter is encapsulated in the wireless torque node and transmits the measured torque signal to the wireless receiver synchronously. The test data of the drive shaft under field working conditions are stored in a portable computer connected to a wireless receiver. Then, POT model is established based on extremum theory to extract the peak and valley values of the test data and eliminate the small load cycles, and the intervals of the optimal thresholds are determined by using the mean excess function graph, which are [492, 501] N•m for the upper limit and [325, 334] N•m for the lower limit, respectively. Thirdly, the data in the threshold interval is divided according to a certain gradient, and the fitting effect corresponding to each threshold is preliminarily tested by calculating R-square. The grey relational degree analysis method is used to select the optimal threshold and calculate the grey relational degree of each threshold in the corresponding threshold range. the optimum threshold values 497 N•m for upper limit and 333 N•m for lower limit are achieved by comparing the values of grey correlation degree corresponding to different threshold. The excess threshold data are fitted by generalized Pareto distribution and the CDF and P-P figures are plotted to evaluate the effectiveness of fitting test. The results show that the fitting curve of generalized distribution function can accurately describe the distribution law of extreme samples. Finally, according to the fitted generalized distribution function, the load sequence with the same distribution is generated. The time domain extrapolation of the load is achieved by replacing the original extremum load with the generated sequence. The cumulative frequency curve of the load cycle is developed according to the original load data and the results obtained by the time domain extrapolation method and the rain flow extrapolation method. The results show that the frequency curves obtained by the traditional rain flow extrapolation method and the time domain extrapolation method are consistent. Compared to the original load data, both load extrapolation results have a small amount of large extreme load which did not occur during the test. Therefore, it can be indicated that the load extrapolation method based on the POT model not only increases the frequency of the load cycle, but also extrapolates the load extreme value to a certain extent based on the distribution law of the large extreme load. The accuracy of the time domain extrapolation method is verified. The load time domain extrapolation method developed in this paper has good applicability to the measured loads of high-power tractor transmission shaft in operation conditions. Compared with the rain basin extrapolation method, the load time domain extrapolation method based on POT model can not only obtain the load time domain sequence of arbitrary mileage, but also retain the order of the measured load cycle to a great extent, which can provide reliable data support for the indoor load spectrum loading test of high-power tractor transmission system in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Time domain analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Automobile testing - Curve fitting - Digital storage - Distribution functions - Electric power transmission - Extrapolation - Life cycle - Loading - Microcomputers - Models - Parameter estimation - Pareto principle - Plasma diagnostics - Rain - Signal receivers - Strain gages - Torque - Tractors (truck) - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Cumulative frequencies - Generalized distribution - Generalized Pareto Distributions - Grey correlation degrees - Grey relational degree - Grey relational degree analysis - Time domain - Transmission shafts
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 932.3 Plasma Physics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Torque 3.33e+02N*m, Torque 4.97e+02N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20194607667478
Title:Crop classification based on multi-source remote sensing data fusion and LSTM algorithm
Title of translation:基于多源遥感数据融合和LSTM算法的作物分类研究
Authors:Xie, Yi (1); Zhang, Yongqing (1); Xun, Lan (2); Chai, Xurong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen; 041004, China; (2) Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100094, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:129-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate distribution information of crop types is vital for monitoring crop growth, guiding agricultural production, and making effective management measurements. Time series remote sensing data can reflect phenological characteristics of crops, which have more advantages than single temporal data in identifying crop types or planting patterns. MODIS and Landsat data can be fused to obtain time series data with medium spatial resolution and high temporal resolution, which can be used for classifying different crops based on phenology characteristics. In this study, in order to test the accuracy of combining long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm with time series remote sensing data in crop classification, the Linfen basin was chosen as the study area for obtaining crop distribution map. At first, the Savitzky-Golay filter was used to denoise and reconstruct time series MODIS NDVI data. Then the filtered MODIS NDVI and Landsat NDVI were merged by the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (ESTARFM) to generate time series NDVI with a spatial resolution of 30 m pixel by pixel. Based on field investigation, GlobeLand30 data, Google Earth images and agro-meteorological stations data, we obtained the coordinate information of several sampling sites representing different land cover and crop types. The phenological characteristics of time series NDVI of the pixels covering the sampling sites were analyzed, and the types of randomly selected pixels were determined based on the phenological characteristics for increasing the number of sampling sites. Three methods were used for crop classification in this study: 1) the Landsat NDVI of training samples were used to train the LSTM model, and the trained LSTM model was adopted to determine the crop type pixel by pixel (called the Landsat NDVI+LSTM method); 2) the fused NDVI of training samples were used to train the LSTM model for crop classification (called the fused NDVI+LSTM method); and 3) the fused NDVI of training samples were used to train the neural network (NN) model for crop classification (called the fused NDVI+NN method). In order to compare the accuracies of the three methods, the classification accuracies were evaluated with the validation samples. The evaluation indexes included overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient. Also, the planting area of winter wheat for each county of the study area was estimated according to the crop classification map, and the relative error (RE) and root mean square error (RMSE) between estimated and statistical wheat areas were calculated for further validating the accuracies of the three methods. Results showed that the Savitzky-Golay filter can remove the influence of factors such as cloud and atmosphere, thus the reconstructed time series MODIS NDVI curves could reflect the phenological characteristics of crops effectively. Positive correlation between the fused NDVI and the Landsat NDVI indicated the fused NDVI can reflect the information of Landsat NDVI effectively. The classification accuracies based on the fused NDVI, either using the fused NDVI+LSTM (OA=90.00%, Kappa=0.88) or fused NDVI+NN (OA=88.10%, Kappa=0.86) methods, were significantly higher than the accuracy of the Landsat NDVI+LSTM method (OA=82.86%, Kappa=0.80). The RE and RMSE of the formers were lower than those of the latter. These results indicated that the fused time series NDVI could highlight the phenological information of different crop types, thus the classification accuracy can be improved significantly. In addition, the classification accuracy of the fused NDVI+LSTM method was slightly higher than that of the fused NDVI+NN method, and the RE and RMSE of the former were lower than those of the latter. These indicated that the classification accuracy of LSTM algorithm was higher than that of the NN algorithm. This study can provide an important reference for accurately extracting distribution information of different crops in the study area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Brain - Crops - Data fusion - Forestry - Image resolution - Long short-term memory - Mean square error - Neural networks - Pixels - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Sampling - Signal filtering and prediction - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Classification accuracy - High temporal resolution - Meteorological station - Phenological characteristics - Positive correlations - Remote sensing data fusion - Root mean square errors
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20194607670501
Title:Research progress of in-house reduce engineering technology for piggery manure wastes and poisonous gas
Title of translation:猪舍内粪污废弃物和有害气体减量化工程技术研究
Authors:Liu, Anfang (1); Ruan, Rongdan (1, 2); Li, Tingting (1, 2); Liu, Zuohua (2); Zeng, Yaqiong (2); Long, Dingbiao (2); Pu, Shihua (2); Wang, Hao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 402460, China; (2) Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest for Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing; 402460, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hao(wanghaocau@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:200-210
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Source reduction and process control are the key links of comprehensive treatment of pig farm wastes, and pig house is the source of waste generation. In this paper, the effects of wasted water quantity of water dispenser, flushing water quantity of enclosure and dung method on harmful gases, sewage discharge and pollutant concentration in large-scale pig farms were expounded from three aspects, and three measures for emission reduction from the source of pollutants generated in the enclosure were put forward. Under the scientific feeding and management, according to the different stages of pig drinking water standard, the suitable drinking water and water flow speed can be allocated. According to the density of drinker, the suitable drinking water can be provided, and the drinkers were installed at the right place and height. In general, their behavior of lying down, eating, drinking and excreting was continuous. According to their excretion behavior, water dispensers were usually installed in the leaky floor area, the excretion area was located in the short side wall of the pen, and the separation mode of the pen was designed to be closed. It was suggested that the breeding and fattening stages should be separated from each other in the feeding process, and the appropriate feeding density should be designed so that pigs could only excrete at the fixed points. In the case of guaranteeing the minimum discharge of wasted water from drinking water appliances and flushing water from enclosures, the mode of manure scavenging was a relatively important factor affecting harmful gases, sewage discharge and pollutant concentration in enclosures in emission reduction measures of pollutant sources. Compared with the blister manure and water flushing manure, mechanical dry-dung cleaning process could reduce the harmful gas concentration, sewage discharge and pollutant concentration to the greatest extent. Under the conditions of pig farm, it was suggested that the floor of pig house should be designed as a semi-leaky seam floor and equipped with mechanical dry-dung cleaning technology, which could reduce the pollutant emission of pig house to a large extent. At present, the great breakthroughs had been made in the research of engineering technology for reducing pollutant sources in pig farms in China, but the popularization and application of this technology in pig production was still in its infancy. The related technical equipment in this field still faced many problems, such as insufficient matching, complex operation and management, high cost and poor stability. Therefore, it was suggested to vigorously develop the research and application of pig farm waste source reduction technology model, comprehensively consider the drinking water system, fence layout, fecal clearance mode and other engineering technologies, design and develop the mechanical dry-dung cleaning system and its supporting facilities and equipment. At the same time, the intelligent drinking water, excrement and deodorization could be developed by using electronic information technology such as Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and so on. Such as waste reduction breeding equipment improved the stability of equipment and intelligent management level. The purpose of this paper was to provide technical support for reducing the total amount of pig wastes, reducing the cost of treatment and utilization, and realizing clean and healthy breeding, so as to promote the green transformation and upgrading of pig breeding industry in China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:96
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Dispensers - Emission control - Enclosures - Feeding - Fertilizers - Floors - Flow of water - Houses - Mammals - Manures - Odor control - Pollution control - Potable water - Process control - Reduction - Runoff - Sewage - Stages - Waste treatment - Waste utilization - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Drinking water standards - Electronic information - Intelligent management - Pen layout - Pig farms - Pollutant concentration - Research and application - Stability of equipments
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 444 Water Resources - 444.1 Surface Water - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452.1 Sewage - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20194607667476
Title:Earthworm mucus improving decomposition of maize stover and its mechanism
Title of translation:蚯蚓黏液促进玉米秸秆分解及其机理分析
Authors:Chen, Yuxiang (1); Zhao, Tingting (1); Yao, Yue (1); Xu, Lixin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:234-240
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Returning crop residues to soil is regarded as a beneficial agricultural management practice. The decomposition of the returned organic residues is a research concern, and the soil fauna plays an important role during the degradation process. Earthworms are generally regarded as a major and beneficial component of soil fauna. In the present study, the decomposition process was simulated by mixing the maize stover with the ignited quartz sand. The mucus of the earthworm Eiseniafetida which was an important component of drilosphere, glucose or glutamate were added to the mixture. Besides, glucose and glutamate were easily utilizable substrate for the microorganism. The total carbohydrate and crude protein contents in the mucus were analyzed. The total carbohydrate content was 1.3 mg/mL, and the crude protein content was 3.4 mg/mL. SDS-PAGE showed that the protein in the mucus was mainly comprised of two specific protein molecules with molecular weight approximately 44.6 and 21.5 kDa. The carbon and nitrogen mineralization, enzyme activity and microbial community structure were investigated in detail. In the experiment, the carbon mineralization rates of Glc and Glu groups reached a peak value at around 10th day, while that of Muc group reached a maximum value at 20th-30th day. The maximum nitrogen mineralization rates in both Glc and Glu groups were in the 20th-30th day, while those in Muc group were in the 30th-40th day. The effect of the mucus was compared with that of glucose and glutamate. During the whole experiment process, the carbon mineralization rate of Muc group was always higher than that of the control group. After comparing with the control group, it could be observed that the mucus had stimulatory effect on carbon and nitrogen mineralization. The delay effect of the mucus was observed when it was compared to glucose and glutamate. The activities of protease and dehydrogenase in Muc group were higher than those in CK group. On the 10th day, the activities of carboxymethyl cellulase and urease in Muc group were 4 times and 1.5 times of those in CK group, respectively. The average values of ACE and chao for bacterial community in Muc group were 2.6 and 3 times of those in CK group, respectively. The values of ACE and chao for fungal community in Muc group were 2.4 times and 2.3 times of those in CK group, respectively. In addition, the Shannon-wiener diversity index of bacterial and fungal communities in Muc group was 1.4 times and 4.8 times of that in CK group, respectively. The relative abundance of Fusarium in Muc group was 2.5 times of that in CK group. The activity of cellulolytic enzyme, protease, urease and dehydrogenase was increased by the addition of the mucus. The microbial abundance and diversity in the group treated with the mucus was higher than that in the control group. The predominant microbial genera in the group treated with the mucus were lingocellulolytic microorganism and some were involved in nitrogen cycle. This indicated that the mucus of drilosphere played an important role in decomposition of crop residues after being returned to soil.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Mineralogy
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Animals - Bacteria - Carbon - Crops - Decomposition - Enzyme activity - Fungi - Glucose - Grain (agricultural product) - Nitrogen - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management practice - Carbon mineralization - Carboxymethyl cellulase - Earthworm mucus - Microbial community structures - Microbial composition - Nitrogen mineralization - Shannon-wiener diversity indices
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 482 Mineralogy - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.30e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.40e+00kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20194607670475
Title:Structure design of pneumatic soft actuator with jointed endoskeleton
Title of translation:关节式内骨骼气动软体驱动器的结构设计
Authors:Wu, Zhaoping (1); Li, Xiaoning (1); Guo, Zhonghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210094, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:17-24
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soft actuators are suitable for gripping fragile and delicate objects with irregular shapes and sizes owing to their high flexibility and have become a current research focus. But current soft actuators have a general problem of insufficient gripping force. To grip objects with different mass and sizes on assembly line safely and reliably, a novel pneumatic soft actuator with jointed endoskeleton structure was developed which separated the actuation and force bearing function. The bending action of the actuator was performed by the soft rubber with embedded radial-restrained fiber through pneumatic actuating, while the gripping force was bore and transferred by means of the jointed endoskeleton. To obtain the pose of free-end of the soft actuator, the theoretical model was built up. Firstly, the strain energy function of silicon rubber (Yeoh model) was used for deducing the stress and strain. Secondly, the relation between bending angle and input pressure was analyzed. Then the pot matrix of the free-end could be acquired through D-H method. Moreover, to determine the size parameters to facilitate the prototype, the sectional radius, the sectional height, the axial length and the wall thickness were chosen as the design parameters to analyze. The influences for bending of the actuator were discussed. The results showed that the input pressure reduced along with the increase of the sectional radius and the axial length while increased with the increase of the sectional height and the wall thickness. Furthermore, an optimization design algorithm was developed based on the theoretical model. At first, the strain-stress curve of the silicon rubber was measured by tensile test and the coefficients of Yeoh model were obtained. The determined pressure and the expected pose of the free-end were defined as the input while the minimum weight was the optimization target. Then 4 key design parameters could be calculated by the algorithm. With the obtained design parameters, the soft actuator was fabricated and relevant experiments were conducted. An experimental platform was developed to test the bending angle of the soft actuator. Through the experiment, the bending angle of the free-end pressurized by each finger-segment only was measured. The variation trend of experimental data was consistent with that of theoretical ones. When the input pressure was below 100 kPa, the theoretical curves coincided with the experimental curves. But when the input pressure was larger than 100 kPa, the theoretical curves were above the experimental curves. The reason was that the silicon rubber presented a high nonlinearity at a large deformation. The maximum difference was less than 9% with maximum working pressure 150 kPa. The modeling error was mainly originated from the friction damping of the endoskeleton joints and the fabrication precision of the soft finger. Therefore, the friction damping term should be considered to improve the theoretical model and a correction coefficient should be added. Another test platform was put up to measure the bending stiffness of the soft actuator. The tip of the actuator could generate maximum output force while it was entirely constrained without bending motion. Then the bending stiffness was defined as the radio of the maximum output force and the bending angle without external force. From the experiment, it indicated that the bending stiffness increases with the increase of the pressure and it could reach up to 4.5 N/rad at the largest working pressure. The bending stiffness was improved significantly and the flexibility was remained. The soft actuator is successful and promising in future development and application.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Pneumatic actuators
Controlled terms:Damping - Design - Friction - High pressure effects - Optimization - Pneumatics - Rubber - Silicon rubber - Stiffness - Strain energy - Structural design - Tensile testing - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Correction coefficients - Development and applications - Endoskeleton - Experimental platform - Flexibility - Key design parameters - Soft actuators - Strain energy functions
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 632.3 Pneumatics - 732.1 Control Equipment - 818.1 Natural Rubber - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.00e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 1.50e+05Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20194607667496
Title:Rapid prediction method of total nitrogen in slurry of large-scale dairy farm by mid-infrared spectroscopy
Title of translation:基于中红外光谱的规模化奶牛场粪水总氮快速预测方法
Authors:Zhao, Run (1); Yang, Renjie (2); Mou, Meirui (3); Sun, Di (1); Wang, Peng (2); Zhu, Wenbi (3); Liu, Haixue (3); Zhang, Keqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin; 300191, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China; (3) Laboratory of Agricultural Analysis, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Renjie(rjyang1978@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:217-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:How to treat the high amount and concentration of slurry has been the unprecedented challenge for the intensive dairy farms in China for now. Recycling to the farmland is the fundamental way out in line with the long-term practical experiences from many developed countries. But the nitrogen content in the slurry was hard to rapidly and accurately predict on spot that caused the difficulty of recycling. Many characteristics, such as the breeding scale, layout of dairy barns, breeding modes, approaches of manure collection and treatment that influence on the variation of nitrogen content in the links of slurry movement route between China and western countries were mostly different. And the conventional regular monitoring process was normally time-consuming and costly that throughout the sample collection, transfer, preservation, pre-treatment, measurement and so forth. Therefore, it was extremely urgent and meaningful to develop rapid quantitative analysis method which was appropriate for the complicated on-spot factors and conditions. In recent, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China has intensively issued a series of action plans to clearly indicate the importance of improving the testing method and criteria system for recycling the slurry to the farmland. So, 23 typical large-scale dairy farms from 5 predominant dairy industry areas of Tianjin with the farming-breeding combination mode were selected, the whole process analysis of the total nitrogen (TN) in one farm, encompassing the whole chain of slurry management, was carried out. Meanwhile, the overall analysis of TN in 23 different types of dairy farms was implemented, as well that integrating with comprehensive factors including the district, scale, manure collection and treatment ways and so forth. Main objective of the research was to establish the mathematical models available to rapidly predict the TN content under the conditions of the whole process of slurry management together with the on-spot complex situations, and to provide the practical technology for criteria setting in order to help recycling the slurry to the farmland. The feasibility of fast and accurately measurement of the TN contents by means of the mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technology was studied in this research. Calibration model of whole process for TN contents of slurry from the identical dairy farm and calibration model of overall situation for TN contents of slurry from different dairy farms were respectively established using the partial least squares (PLS). The model availability was verified by the independent prediction set. And the principal component analysis (PCA) clustering towards the mid-infrared ATR was also used in this study. The results showed that the characteristics of slurry samples from different dairy farms were different. Linear fitting correlation coefficient between the predicted TN contents in the whole process model and measured contents was 0.98, while the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) was 130.18 mg/L and 4.97, respectively. In the global model, linear fitting correlation coefficient was 0.97, while the RMSEP and RPD was 191.66 mg/L and 3.83, respectively. Prediction results with extensive application and better stability would be achieved via the established models. Instantaneous monitoring and tracing on the TN contents of samples from the whole management course and sections in different types of large-scale dairy farms based on the mid-infrared ATR could be realized. The research would provide a reference for the development of generalized rapid and accurate prediction technology and equipment in TN content for large scale farm management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Principal component analysis
Controlled terms:Dairies - Factor analysis - Farm buildings - Fertilizers - Forecasting - Infrared devices - Infrared spectroscopy - Least squares approximations - Manures - Mean square error - Nitrogen - Recycling - Reflection - Research and development management - Slurries - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture and rural - Attenuated total reflectance - Dairy farms - Developed countries - Mid-infrared spectroscopy - Partial least square (PLS) - Practical experience - Root-mean-square error of predictions
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 822.1 Food Products Plants and Equipment - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.30e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.92e-01kg/m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20194607670457
Title:Value flow calculation and evaluation of pig- biogas project -fruit circular economy development model
Title of translation:猪-沼-果循环经济发展模式的价值流计算与评价
Authors:Fu, Guiying (1); Liu, Shibiao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou; 416000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:225-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The pig-biogas project-fruit circular economy development model is characterized by the "waste farming-biogas project-fruit tree fertilization" waste recycling route, which is to solve the current non-point source pollution of pig farms in the agricultural field and provide an effective means of application for the energy and fertilizer industries. In this waste recycling, the integrated analysis of material flow and value flow is the main method to measure its engineering technology and economic benefits. At present, compared with the relatively mature material flow analysis methods, the value flow method reflecting economic input and output is relatively rare in the agricultural field. Based on this, this paper proposed a pig-biogas project-fruit" circular economy value stream analysis model, revealed its material flow balance mechanism, and constructed "material flow (technology)-value flow (economic)-environmental damage cost assessment (environment)". Through the two-dimensional mechanism analysis of the material flow-value flow of its resource recycling, the material flow balance map was determined around the goal of "recycling waste", and the different production centers with gradual carry-over relationship in the circulation were divided to collect the input cost, calculate the effective use of resources, waste loss costs, and make an objective assessment of the external environmental damage costs (governance opportunity costs) of waste. The integrated calculation and evaluation method system was applied to the verification and demonstration of a large-scale farm in Hongshilin Town, Guzhang County, Western Hunan. The application results showed that: 1 755 pigs were slaughtered in the pig farm, and the biogas project was built, and the grassland was 4.67 hm<sup>2</sup> and the organic orchard was 4 hm<sup>2</sup>. Through the observation and analysis of the production material process, four interrelated material circulation cost calculation and evaluation centers for pig production, pig fattening, biogas engineering and organic orchard were established, and according to production input, intermediate conversion, recycling, and product output. In the five major parts of landfill treatment, the panoramic view of value circulation was calculated, and the distribution of the whole material flow and value flow at a glance was investigated. According to the calculation data and the changes of pig farm waste discharge before and after the development of circular economy, the costs of pig farm labor, depreciation, energy, etc (internal resource cost loss), and the recovery and control of pig farm waste discharge environment were compared and analyzed. The opportunity cost (cost of external environmental damage) was reduced, and the production efficiency (product increase efficiency) of prolific pigs, energy and fruits was obtained, and the evaluation results were obtained. In this case, the result of the analysis was that the internal resources were reduced by about 1 400 yuan, the external environmental damage was reduced by about 19 300 yuan, and the product added benefit was about 36 600 yuan. The research results could provide decision-making basis for enterprises to improve resource recycling efficiency and government implementation of agricultural policy subsidies.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Cost benefit analysis
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogas - Cost engineering - Damage detection - Decision making - Economic analysis - Economic and social effects - Environmental technology - Fruits - Mammals - Orchards - Recycling
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural policies - Biogas projects - Economy - Empirical evaluations - Material flow analysis - Non-point source pollution - Production efficiency - Value flow
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454 Environmental Engineering - 522 Gas Fuels - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20194607667481
Title:Drought monitoring utility assessment of CHIRPS and GLEAM satellite products in China
Title of translation:CHIRPS和GLEAM卫星产品在中国的干旱监测效用评估
Authors:Ren, Liliang (1, 2); Wei, Linyong (2); Jiang, Shanhu (1, 2); Shi, Junchao (3); Yuan, Fei (1, 2); Zhang, Linqi (2); Liu, Ruolan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (2) College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (3) Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring and Forecasting Center, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100053, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Shanhu(hik0216@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:146-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Quantitatively evaluation of satellite precipitation and potential evapotranspiration products with the high resolution, wide coverage and dynamic continuity is an important foundation for drought monitoring over mainland China. This paper examined the accuracy of products and the utility of drought monitoring using the newly released long-term (more than 30 years) satellite precipitation products (climate hazards group infrared precipitation with station, CHIRPS) data version 2.0 and potential evapotranspiration products (global land-surface evaporation: the Amsterdam methodology, GLEAM) dataset. We selected standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and six statistical and classification measures indexes to evaluate accuracy and the utility of CHIRPS and GLEAM-Ep (potential evapotranspiration derived from GLEAM), with China Gauge-based Precipitation Daily Analysis dataset (CGDPA) and potential evapotranspiration calculated by Penman-Monteith (PM-Ep) as evaluation reference data sets. The results showed that CHIRPS and GLEAM-Ep performed well in eastern and southwest of China. However, their performance in the most areas of western China was uncertain due to the sparsity of meteorological stations. SPEIs (SPEI value calculated by the CHIRPS and GLEAM-Ep) had a good performance on drought monitoring in eastern and southwestern China. Values of correlation coefficient (CC) between SPEIs and SPEIm (SPEI value calculated by the CGDPA and PM-Ep) were more than 0.6 in southeastern China, southwestern China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region and northern China, especially in relatively humid areas, which the correlation coefficient values were more than 0.7 and the root mean-squared error (RMSE) values were less than 0.8. In order to further evaluate the performance of SPEIs in drought monitoring at spatial and temporal scales, the SPEIs3 (SPEIs at three-month scale) and SPEIm3 (SPEIm at three-month scale) in southeastern China, southwestern China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region and north China were compared. SPEIs3 had a better simulation effect on the evolution process of the ratio of drought area in those regions during1981-2016. And the success ratio of simulating drought duration was about 0.93, 0.57, 0.71 and 0.81, respectively. Moreover, SPEIs3 displayed a high accuracy over the four regions in capturing drought, which was the spatial distribution of typical drought events on specific month. In conclusion, SPEI based on long-term CHIRPS and GLEAM-Ep could be applied to monitor and evaluate drought in eastern and southwestern China. This paper can provide reliable reference for monitoring and warning of drought events and water resources management in those regions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Evapotranspiration
Controlled terms:Chirp modulation - Classification (of information) - Drought - Mean square error - Monitoring - Precipitation (chemical) - Remote sensing - Satellites
Uncontrolled terms:CHIRPS - GLEAM-Ep - Middle and lower reaches of the yangtze rivers - Potential evapotranspiration - Satellite precipitation products - Spatial and temporal scale - Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) - Water resources management
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 655.2 Satellites - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20194607667435
Title:Rotational speed control of threshing cylinder of oil sunflower combine harvester based on active disturbance rejection controller-dynamic matrix predictive
Title of translation:基于自抗扰-动态矩阵的油葵联合收获机脱粒滚筒转速控制
Authors:Zhang, Xuejun (1); Li, Xi (1); Zhu, Xingliang (1); Ma, Shaoteng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:9-16
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the real-time, accuracy and adaptability requirements of threshing cylinder control method of oil sunflower combine harvester, the mathematical model of rotational speed control of threshing cylinder for oil sunflower harvesting is given in this paper. The walking speed of oil sunflower combine harvest was selected as the control variable and the rotational speed of threshing cylinder was selected as controlled variable. The rotational speed dynamic model of the threshing cylinder was converted to a affine system which is suitable for ADRC (active disturbance rejection controller), and then the control system based on the ADRC. The internal disturbance, external disturbance and the coupling effect between velocity tension of the system are considered as the total disturbance of the system, the extended state observer is used to observe and compensate the control delay, and the dynamic matrix predictive (DMC) control method is further used to process the control delay. The DMC predictor continuously collects feeding quantity at the current time to predict the feeding quantity at the time according to the predictor. When the predicted value exceeded the setting range, the control system would adjust the walking speed of harvester and the rotational speed of threshing cylinder in time, i. e. to increase the walking speed of the harvester, to increase the feeding quantity, to improve the efficiency or to reduce the walking speed of the harvester, to reduce the feeding quantity and to avoid the blockage of the threshing cylinder, thus the feeding quantity is always kept within the setted optimum range, so that the speed of threshing cylinder can be controlled in advance. The hardware and software system of DSP based on ADRC-DMC nonlinear controller was designed, the simulations, laboratory test and field test were carried out for the designed threshing cylinder controller. Simulation results showed that in the absence of random disturbance, system response curve was smooth, and no overshoot, faster response and system could adjust itself when feeding quantity increased suddenly, the rotational speed of threshing cylinder began to decrease and stabilized at 390.2 r/min after about 1.2 s, and the system response curve was smooth. In the bench test, when the threshing cylinder ran at the optimum speed of 430 r/min, the optimum feeding quantity was 2.45 kg/s, after 15 s, randomly invested about 0.15 kg oil sunflower tray and stem to change the feeding quantity, the test results showed that the rotational speed control method based on ADRC-DMC could adjust the speed in a small range and had a good inhibitory effect on crop uncertainty or random interference, the rotation speed of the threshing cylinder could be adjusted in a small range (0.5 r/min). In order to further verify the effect of the controller, field tests were carried out. The feeding quantity was adjusted by adjusting the traveling speed of the harvester by changing the cutting width, i. e. the cutting width was increased from 6 rows to 7 rows. The results showed that the overall change trend of the record data curve of the rotational speed of threshing cylinder and walking speed of the combine harvester was in good agreement with the simulation results, and the speed response time was about 0.5 s, which can deal with the control delay problem well and realize the real-time control of the rotational speed of the threshing cylinder, ADRC-DMC controller could make the threshing cylinder achieve stable effect.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Controllers
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Combines - Control engineering - Cylinders (shapes) - Disturbance rejection - Feeding - Harvesters - Real time control - Software testing - Speed - Speed control - Speed regulators - Sunflower oil - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Active disturbance rejection controller - Extended state observer - External disturbances - Hardware and software - Non-linear controllers - Oil sunflower - Rotational speed - Rotational speed control
Classification code:691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 732.1 Control Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.50e-01kg, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.45e+00kg/s, Rotational_Speed 3.90e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.30e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.00e-01RPM, Time 1.20e+00s, Time 1.50e+01s, Time 5.00e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20194607670272
Title:Optimization of production process and flavor analysis of rose vinegar by fed fermentation
Title of translation:补料发酵法生产玫瑰醋工艺优化及风味分析
Authors:Jiang, Yujian (1); Huang, Bingwen (1); Li, Ting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:304-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The production of traditional rose vinegar is an open, multilateral fermentation process, which is obtained through a series of reactions such as saccharification, alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation. At the right time, rice supplement, sugar supplement or alcohol supplement can complete the fed-batch fermentation, among which alcohol supplement is closer to the end of the reaction which is the simplest way to achieve the expansion of production and efficiency. However, there has been no report on the improvement of the technique of fed-batch fermentation of rose vinegar production. Fermentation of rose vinegar with indica rice in 500 kg cylindrical fermentation container. Under the natural fermentation conditions, fed-batch fermentation was carried out at initial acidity of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 g/100mL, respectively. The ratio of vinegar to wine mash is set at 2:1 (v: v) and 1:1 (v: v). Through direct titration with Flynn reagent, alcohol distillation, indicator and potentiometric titration for acid-base titration, UV spectrophotometer, HPLC method, five important indexes including reducing sugar, alcohol content, acidity, color ratio and organic acid were determined. The effects of initial acidity and fed-batch volume on the fermentation of rose vinegar were studied. The results showed that the appropriate fed-batch volume could not only increase the yield of acetic acid fermentation, but also improve the acidity and efficiency of acetic acid fermentation. The color of rose vinegar depends on the feeding time and fed-batch volume. The earlier the vinegar is added, the closer the color is to traditional rose vinegar, but the more the vinegar is added, the greater the influence on the color is. Combining the change of organic acid composition and content with sensory evaluation results, the relationship between the improved fermentation mode and the formation of main flavor substances was discussed to determine the feasibility of fed-batch fermentation of rose vinegar. When the initial acidity was 2.5 g/100mL, the maximum acidity increased to (5.59±0.27)g/100mL(control group (5.19±0.23)g/100mL) after adding the same amount of mash. Compared with the traditional rose vinegar, the acidity content increased significantly (P<0.05). The time of acetic acid fermentation was shortened from 90 days to 78 days, which indicated that fed-batch fermentation could effectively improve fermentation efficiency and save more manpower, material and financial resources. The total amount of nonvolatile organic acids was (27.15±1.11) mg/mL (control group (24.57±0.69) mg/mL). The improvement of this index could make the samples have the characteristics of soft acidity and strong vinegar taste. The color ratio of the final product is 1.8×10<sup>5</sup> (the traditional process color rate is 1.9×10<sup>5</sup>), which is consistent with that of the traditional rose vinegar. This study has positive significance for the production of rose vinegar to expand production, improve efficiency and realize continuous production throughout the year.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Color - Distillation - Efficiency - Flavors - Optimization - Organic acids - pH - Saccharification - Titration - Voltammetry
Uncontrolled terms:Acetic acid fermentation - Color ratios - Fed batches - Fed-batch fermentation - Fermentation conditions - Fermentation efficiency - Potentiometric titrations - Rose vinegar
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.47e-01yr to 2.14e-01yr, Mass 5.00e+02kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20194607667466
Title:Effects of gas temperature fluctuation on char combustion of non-spherical biomass particle
Title of translation:气相温度脉动对非球形生物质颗粒焦炭燃烧的影响
Authors:Li, Jie (1); Zhang, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jian(jianzhang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:241-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass energy is a renewable energy. It is abundant in resources, and has net zero emission of CO<inf>2</inf> and relatively low nitrogen and sulfur contents, and is widely found in the world. More attention has been paid to its utilization. Co-firing biomass with pulverized coal particles provides an effective manner to utilize biomass energy. Biomass particles are generally much irregular-shaped. They have large aspect ratios and exhibit obvious non-spherical characteristics. For biomass particles moving and burning in a combustor, the turbulent fluctuation of gas velocity has evident effects on the particle motion. But whether the gas turbulent fluctuation imposes influences on the reaction processes of non-spherical biomass particles needs to be studied. The effects of gas temperature fluctuation on the instantaneous char combustion of non-spherical biomass particles in a hot gas were explored in the present paper. Biomass particles with prolate spheroidal shapes were studied. The theoretical expressions for both mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement factors of prolate spheroidal particles were employed in algebraic forms. They are functions of particle aspect ratio. The Sherwood number or Nusselt number for the prolate spheroidal particles can be expressed as the product of the enhancement factor and the Sherwood number or Nusselt number for the spherical particles. Thistle and pine are 2 types of biomass fuel. Their instantaneous char reaction processes were calculated. The thistle particles have aspect ratios of 1.4, 4, and 7. The aspect ratios for the pine particle are 5 and 10. The gas flow has a time-averaged temperature of 1 000 and 1 100 K. The fluctuation amplitude of the gas temperature was chosen to be 0, 0.1 and 0.2. Both thistle and pin particles have the same initial diameter of the equal-volume sphere. Its magnitude is 200 μm. The instantaneous variations of particle mass and char combustion rates with time were provided under different time-averaged gas temperature and particle aspect ratios. The results showed that the gas temperature fluctuation had evident influences on the instantaneous char combustion processes of biomass particles with different aspect ratios. It leaded to faster mass loss of the particles and shortened time for the char combustion. The increase in the fluctuation amplitude of the gas temperature would further enhance the instantaneous mass loss of the particles with different aspect ratios. The instantaneous char reaction processes of both thistle and pine particles were affected by the gas temperature fluctuation. As a result of gas temperature fluctuation, the particles lost their mass and the char burns out at faster rates. The instantaneous char combustion rates of the biomass particles with different aspect ratios exhibited smooth variations with time when the gas temperature fluctuation was not considered. While fluctuating variations with time were found for the instantaneous char combustion rates of the biomass particles obtained with the gas temperature fluctuation. The present study reveals the effects of turbulent fluctuation of gas temperature on the instantaneous char combustion processes of non-spherical biomass particles. The influences will not change when the particle aspect ratio experiences variations.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Aspect ratio
Controlled terms:Biomass - Coal - Coal combustion - Combustion - Emission control - Flow of gases - Gases - Mass transfer - Nusselt number - Pulverized fuel - Spheres - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Char - Gas temperature fluctuation - Heat Transfer enhancement - Nonspherical particle - Particle aspect ratios - Prolate spheroidal particles - Pulverized coal particle - Theoretical expression
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 524 Solid Fuels - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-04m, Temperature 1.00e+03K, Temperature 1.10e+03K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20194607667444
Title:Design of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester
Title of translation:齿盘式棉秆收获机的设计
Authors:Zhang, Jiaxi (1); Wang, Tingjue (1); Chen, Mingjiang (2); Zhao, Weisong (2); Wang, Zhenwei (2); Liu, Kaikai (3); Tie Muer, YeErBoLati (1); Wang, Yichao (1); Liu, Xiong (1); Liu, Apeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Binzhou Agricultural Mechanization Science Research Institute, Binzhou; 256601, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cotton stalk is an important renewable resource. China is rich in cotton stalk, if such a large amount of resources are recycled, it will produce huge economic benefits. But most of them are not recycled at present. In order to improve the mechanized recovery level of cotton stalk, study the influence of different parameters on the mechanized recovery of cotton stalk, and solve the outstanding problems such as high cotton stalk plucking rate and high cotton stalk leakage rate, this paper studied and designed a toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. The machine was consisted of suspension device, limit wheel, pull-out tooth plate, stalk discharge device, hydraulic motor, hydraulic pipeline and hydraulic control box. The key component of the machine was a toothed disc type stalk pulling device. During operation, the cotton stalk was lifted out through the toothed disc, and then the cotton stalk was discharged to the surface through the stalk discharge device. Leakage rate and plucking rate of cotton stalk were the main parameters to evaluate the performance of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. In this paper, Box-benhnken central combination test method was used to study the working parameters of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester. Three-factor and three-level quadratic regression orthogonal test was designed. The three-dimensional model of response surface was established with the diameter of the toothed disc, the toothed disc speed ratio and the lifting height as the influencing factors. The influence of each factor on the quality of work was analyzed, and the influencing factors were optimized synthetically. The results showed that the lifting height and the toothed disc speed ratio had significant effects on the cotton stalk plucking rate (P< 0.01), while the lifting height, the diameter of the toothed disc and the toothed disc speed ratio had significant effects on the rate of cotton stalk leakage rate (P<0. 01). The working parameters of the machine were deduced from the regression model optimization as follows: the lifting height was 66.2 mm, the diameter of the toothed disc was 627.59 mm, and the toothed disc speed ratio was 0.57. In November 2018, field test was carried out in the Yellow River Delta (Binzhou) National Agricultural Science and Technology Park. Test area was divided into 17 test plots, leakage rate and plucking rate of cotton stalk at each test plot were calculated. The results of the Daejeon experiment showed that when the lifting height was 70 mm, diameter of the toothed disc was 630 mm and the toothed disc speed ratio was 0.57, the cotton stalk plucking rate could reach 1.5% and the cotton stalk leakage rate was low to 3.0%. The test results showed that the theoretical results were coincident with the measuring results, and the error between them was less than 4%. The research results can provide references for the structure improvement design and operation parameters optimization of toothed disc cotton stalk harvester.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Disks (machine components)
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cotton - Design - Harvesters - Hydraulic motors - Machine design - Optimization - Recycling - Regression analysis - Speed - Surface properties - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural science and technologies - Cotton stalk - Design and operations - Quadratic regression - Response surface - Structure improvement - Three-dimensional model - Toothed disc
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 6.28e-01m, Size 6.30e-01m, Size 6.62e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20194607667439
Title:Application and recovery of plastic mulching film by farmers in central and eastern Gansu Province
Title of translation:甘肃省中东部农户地膜应用及回收现状
Authors:Yan, Changrong (1); Qi, Ruimin (1); Xue, Yinghao (2); Dong, Yanyan (1); Li, Zhen (1); Liu, Qin (1); Xu, Zhiyu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, /Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution in Agricultural Film, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:15
Issue date:August 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:211-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to investigate the application and recovery of plastic mulching film among farmers in central and eastern Gansu Province and its main influencing factors, we used mobile phone to carry out a questionnaire survey from March 26 to April 1, 2019. In the questionnaire, mulching area, recovery method, purchasing ways and et al were required to fill out. A total of 769 valid questionnaires were collected. The included areas were 11 counties (districts) in the central and eastern of Gansu province: Yongdeng, Kangle, Linxia, Heshui, Huachi, Huanxian, Ningxian, Qingcheng, Xifeng, Zhenyuan and Zhengning county. The main contents of the survey included: 1) access to plastic mulching film; 2) planting crops and mulching; 3) plastic mulching film recovery and treatment methods; 4) the rate of recycling mulching film. The results showed that the total planting area was 588 hm<sup>2</sup> and the main crops were maize, wheat, vegetables, potatoes, and so on. The mulching area of these crops accounted for 73.2% of planting area. In this survey, 99.3% of farmers adopted film mulching technology for maize, and 28.5%, 77.1%, 57.9% and 52.1% for wheat, vegetables, potatoes and other crops, respectively. In the central and eastern Gansu Province, 89.3% of farmers in this survey recycled mulching film by artificial picking up. Of the farmers who recycled the residual film, 47.7% gave it to the recycling networks, 28.3% burned it in the field, 13.8% piled it up in the field, 7.9% disposed it by landfill, and 2.2% adopted the other methods to treat the residual film. The mulching film recovery rates of the surveyed crops were all above 80.0%, among which the vegetable was up to 99.3%. When the leaving field rate of mulching film was 80% and 90%, the recovery rate of mulching film in vegetables was the best, reached to 79.4% and 89.4% in 2018, respectively. To sum up, there were 4 main problems of plastic mulching film recycling process: 1) the non-standard and non-recyclability of plastic mulching film; 2) backward recovery method and weak degree of mechanization; 3) difficult to dispose after plastic film recovery, and easy to cause secondary pollution; 4) limited government support and low enthusiasm of farmers. The government and relevant departments should strengthen the publicity and implementation of the new national standards of plastic film, improve the mechanization degree of plastic mulching film recycling. Thus, promoting the recycling and resource utilization of agricultural film, and providing data support for the rational application of plastic film and the prevention and control of agricultural film pollution. In addition, mobile phone survey of plastic mulching film application and recycling system can quickly and effectively obtain primary data, and is an effective and rapid acquisition method of basic data of plastic film application recycling in China in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Plastic recycling
Controlled terms:Cellular telephones - Crops - Electronic Waste - Films - Machinery - Mechanization - Plastic films - Pollution control - Recycling - Secondary recovery - Surveys - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Backward recoveries - Government supports - Policy recommendations - Prevention and controls - Problems - Questionnaire surveys - Resource utilizations - Secondary pollution
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601 Mechanical Design - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 2.83e+01%, Percentage 2.85e+01%, Percentage 4.77e+01%, Percentage 5.21e+01%, Percentage 5.79e+01%, Percentage 7.32e+01%, Percentage 7.71e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+00%, Percentage 7.94e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.93e+01%, Percentage 8.94e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.93e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.15.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
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