<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20194707708181
Title:Characteristic of heavy metal contents in agricultural wastes and agricultural risk assessment
Title of translation:农业废弃物中重金属含量特征及农用风险评估
Authors:Wei, Yihua (1); Qiu, Suyan (1); Zhang, Jinyan (1); Chen, Qinglong (1); Chen, Liumeng (2); Tu, Tianhua (1); Dai, Tingcan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute for Quality & Safety and Standards of Agricultural Products Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330200, China; (2) Institute of Applied Agricultural Microorganism, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang; 330200, China
Corresponding author:Dai, Tingcan(daitingcan8076@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:212-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metals of main agricultural wastes in Jiangxi province and evaluate its long-time use safety of the agricultural wastes reusable products (for example, organic fertilizer), rice straw samples, paddy soil samples, vegetable waste samples, vegetable soil samples, pig manure samples and cow manure samples were collected in 9 countries of Jiangxi provinces. Eight kinds of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb) contents in the samples were determined by ICP-MS and AFS, and then risk assessments were carried out. The results showed that the concentrations and standard exceeding rates of heavy metals in plant wastes were significantly lower than those in animal wastes, such as the levels of Cu and Zn in animal wastes were 10 to 100 times of those in plant wastes. Besides, the standard exceeding rates of Zn, Cu and As in pig manures were 86.1%, 83.3% and 13.9%, respectively, and the standard exceeding rates of Zn and Cu in pig manures were both 16.7%. Only the concentrations of Cd in rice straw samples exceed the limit standard (4.2%), and the concentrations of Cd, Zn and Ni in vegetable waste samples exceed the limit standards, the standard exceeding rates ranged from 3.6% to 7.1%. The order of heavy metal contents in plant wastes were Zn>>Cr>Ni>Cu>As, Pb, Cd>Hg, while that in animal wastes were Zn>Cu>>Ni>As, Pb, Cr>Cd>Hg. According to the Nemero composite pollution indexes, the comprehensive pollution levels in agricultural wastes of Jiangxi province were: pig manures>cow manures>vegetable wastes>rice straw, their composite pollution indexes were 3.32, 1.20, 0.34 and 0.29, respectively. Pig manures were seriously polluted, and cow manures were slightly polluted, and vegetable wastes and rice straw were at safety levels. If these agricultural wastes were served as organic fertilizer raw materials respectively, which were applied to greenhouse soil for a long-term, accumulation rates of heavy metals and their safe service lives in greenhouse soil were calculated. Accumulation rates of most heavy metals in greenhouse soil with animal manures were higher than that of plant wastes, especially of Zn and Cu. By using pig manure organic fertilizer, the levels of Cu, Cd and Zn in the greenhouse soil will be out of the limit standards after 8.4 years, 15.3 years and 23.9 years, respectively. By using cow manure organic fertilizer, the level of Cu in the greenhouse soil will exceed the limit standard after 23.3 years, the level of Cd in the greenhouse soil will exceed the limit standard after about 29 years by using vegetable wastes organic fertilizer or rice straw organic fertilizer. Obviously, the main risk factors of agricultural utilization of pig manure organic fertilizer are Cu, Cd and Zn, the risk factors of agricultural utilization of cow manure organic fertilizer is Cu, the risk factors of agricultural utilization of plant waste organic fertilizer is Cd. It should be strictly restricted the contents of heavy metals in agricultural wastes when used as raw materials of organic fertilizer. The application safety of organic fertilizers made by agricultural wastes remains long-term monitoring.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Computer software reusability - Greenhouses - Heavy metals - Mammals - Manures - Risk assessment - Safety engineering - Soil pollution - Soil surveys - Soils - Straw - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulation rates - Greenhouse soil - Heavy metal contents - Jiangxi Province - Long term monitoring - Organic fertilizers - Pollution index - Vegetable wastes
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914 Safety Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.61e+01%, Age 1.53e+01yr, Age 2.33e+01yr, Age 2.39e+01yr, Age 2.90e+01yr, Age 8.40e+00yr, Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+00% to 7.10e+00%, Percentage 4.20e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20194707708179
Title:Effects of backfill materials on frost heave characteristic of ground heat exchanger
Title of translation:回填土质材料对地下换热器冻胀特性的影响研究
Authors:Wang, Youtang (1); Zheng, Bin (1); Wang, Chunguang (1); Li, Chengyu (1); Mao, Mingming (1); Liu, Xuyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:205-211
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the ground source heat pump technology (GSHP) application in facility agriculture in cold regions, the frost heave characteristics of ground heat exchanger were studied. The research, based on the freezing radius tracking and pipe surface strains measurement, was carried out by frost heave experimental system. The experimental system mainly included soil tank, surrounding soil (ground soil and backfill material), U-type heat exchange pipe and cold source circulation system. In order to reflect better the effects of soil frost heave on pipe, uniform and saturated surrounding soil was used, the initial temperature of which was 4℃. The effects of sand-based and clay-based backfill materials on frost heave were contrasted. The frost-susceptible natural clay was applied as ground soil and clay-based backfill material, the mixture of fine sand and bentonite was applied as sand-based backfill material. In the experiment, the cryogenic fluid circulated in the U-pipe for 100 hours continuously, the temperature of which reduced from 0 to -10℃. The research on the characteristics of freezing area growth, buried pipe deformation and contraction were developed. Moreover, the changes of heat exchange pipe volume and flow resistance due to pipe deformation were investigated. In this study, the X direction was defined as the line through two centers of inlet pipe and outlet pipe, the Y direction was perpendicular to X direction. It could be found in both backfill materials, the running time in the X direction was less than the Y direction at the corresponding freezing radius. This was related to the structure of U-pipe with two side-by-side pipes. The difference decreased with the increase of freezing area. In contrast, the freezing radius growth rate in the sand-based backfill (the rates in X and Y direction were 1.64 and 1.43 mm/h respectively) was slightly larger than that of the clay-based backfill (the rates in X and Y direction were 1.58 and 1.37 mm/h respectively). This indicated the freezing area in the sand-based backfill was greater than that in the clay-based backfill. As the freezing area increased, the pipe surface strains in both backfills showed gradually increasing and regular difference, which indicated the pipes' cross-sections became more and more elliptical. The major axes of elliptical cross-sections coincided with the Y direction. Meanwhile, the decrease of the mean strains on the pipe surface indicated that the pipes' cross-sections were contracting. It was found that the elliptical deformation and the contraction of the pipe in the clay-based backfill were more serious than that in the sand-based backfill. By eliminating the influence of temperature drop from the mean strains, it could be found that the frost heave effect on the heat exchange pipe in clay-based backfill could be greater than that in sand-based backfill, when the freezing area exceeded a certain range. After the temperature of U-pipe dropped from 0 to -10℃ within 100h, it could be found that the pipe volume reduced 0.4%, the flow resistance increased 6.5%. Consequently, the pipe deformation with ovalization and contraction could be one reason for the decrease in circulation flow rate and system efficiency.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps
Controlled terms:Bentonite - Deformation - Freezing - Frost effects - Heat resistance - Heat transfer - Sand
Uncontrolled terms:Backfill material - Buried pipes - Frost heave - Ground heat exchangers - Heat pumps
Classification code:482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.2 Heat Transfer
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 6.50e+00%, Time 3.60e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20194707708249
Title:DC motor speed control of annual-ring measuring instrument based on variable universe fuzzy control algorithm
Title of translation:基于变论域模糊控制算法的树木年轮测量仪直流电机转速控制
Authors:Yao, Jianfeng (1, 2); Lu, Jun (1); Zheng, Yili (3); Wang, Xuefeng (1); Zhao, Yandong (3); Chen, Xingcan (3); Lei, Guannan (3); Tang, Shouzheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing; 100091, China; (2) College of Computer and Information Technology, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang; 464000, China; (3) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Tang, Shouzheng(stang@caf.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:57-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A annual-ring measuring instrument drives a drill needle into a tree by a DC motor and determines the age of the tree according to the change of the resistance of the drill needle. Because the density of trees varies greatly among different tree species, even in the same tree, the density of early wood and late wood also varies greatly, the resistance of the drill needle varies greatly and the load of the DC motor varies greatly. If the DC motor is not controlled by a suitable speed control algorithm, the speed error of the DC motor will be very large. The measuring accuracy of the annual-ring measuring instrument decreases with the increase of the DC motor speed error. How to improve the accuracy of motor speed is one of the key technologies in the annual-ring measuring instrument. The principle of PID control algorithm and variable universe fuzzy control algorithm were analyzed. The two control algorithms were used to control DC motor of annual ring measuring instrument, respectively. The discs of 7 tree species, including Larix, Pinustabulaeformis, Spruce, Poplar, Betula platyphylla, Betula koraiensis and Quercus liaotungensis were drilled by the annual-ring measuring instrument that was controlled by PID control algorithm and variable universe fuzzy control algorithm, respectively. The experimental tree species included conifers, hard broadleaf trees and soft broadleaf trees. The wood density distribution of experimental trees basically covered the density distribution range of common trees in temperate zone. Five discs were selected for each experimental tree species, and each disc was tested twice with the two control algorithms, respectively. The starting measurement points of the two control algorithms were as close as possible and the measurement directions of the two control algorithms were the same in every group test to ensure that the drilling paths of two control algorithms in the disc was close, and the difference of wood properties of the two drilling paths was little. The starting characteristics of DC motor, the standard deviation of DC motor speed error was analyzed. If the motor was controlled by the variable universe fuzzy control algorithm, it took about 90 ms to reach a stable state after the motor was started, while if the motor was controlled by the PID control algorithm, it took about 160 ms. In 70 tests, the average error standard deviation of the variable universe fuzzy control algorithm was 33.8 r/min, and that of the PID control algorithm was 40.3 r/min. The control precision of the variable universe fuzzy control algorithm was 0.21% higher than that of the PID control algorithm. Among the 7 tested tree species, the variation range of error standard deviation of variable universe fuzzy control algorithm of 6 tree species was less than that of PID algorithm, and that of variable universe fuzzy control algorithm of only one tree species was slightly larger than that of PID algorithm. The experimental results show that the variable universe fuzzy control algorithm has the advantages of faster response, better robustness and smaller steady-state error compared with PID control algorithm. Therefore, the variable universe fuzzy control algorithm was selected to control the DC motor of the annual-ring measuring instrument.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Electric machine control
Controlled terms:Algorithms - DC motors - Drills - Errors - Forestry - Fuzzy control - Infill drilling - Needles - Speed - Speed control - Speed regulators - Statistics - Three term control systems - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Dc motor speed control - Density distributions - Measuring instruments - Motor speed errors - Starting characteristic - Steady state errors - Variable universe - Variable universe fuzzy controls
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 705.3.2 DC Motors - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.10e-01%, Rotational_Speed 3.38e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.03e+01RPM, Time 1.60e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20194707708267
Title:Characteristics and influencing factors of rural household migration in Chongqing Mountainous regions
Title of translation:重庆山区农村家庭迁移特征及影响因素
Authors:Peng, Ting (1); Yan, Jianzhong (1); Chen, Fang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Jianzhong(yanjzswu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:270-279
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Since the reform and opening up, there has been a large-scale population movement in China. Few natural resources, inconvenient traffic and poor public services are the characteristics of mountainous rural regions, and these regions are the main population centrifugal areas. A large number of people have moved out of the mountainous rural regions, resulting in a series of problems such as idle houses, abandoned land, and insufficient supply of public services, thus rural regions lack development conditions and decline gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to explore how to revitalize the rural from the perspective of population migration. At present, with the rapid development of market economy and deepening of the urbanization process, the household migration in China has been the mainstream form of the floating population. However, little attention has been paid to household migration in mountainous regions, and few studies have directly explored the factors influencing household migration at household level. This paper takes three typical towns and villages of Youyang county, Chongqing as study area, which is located in 108°18'25″-109°19'02″E, 28°19'28″-29°24'18″N, and obtains 58 community-level questionnaires and 323 household-level questionnaires of community level and farmers in 2017. There are two main steps in the research; first, statistically analyzing the characteristics of household migration in mountainous rural regions, to explore the location preference of relocated rural households. Second, using binary logistic regression, the dependent variable is whether the households are relocated, and the independent variables select 16 indicators from three aspects: householder level, household level and community level, to explore the factors influencing household migration. The results show that: 1) the population movement in mountainous rural regions is active and the migration of the whole households is obvious. 2) The migration of rural households shows the pursuit for infrastructure services such as transportation, education, medical care and non-agricultural employment. 3) The move-in regions are characterized by near highways, low altitude, and household migration is affected by economic and policy factors, moreover households are more likely to move to townships or communities closer to townships. 4) The household migration in mountainous rural regions is affected by many factors, among which gender and age of the householder, and actual farmland area of the household have a significant negative impact, while education level, only one child in the household, total household income, and non-agricultural labor ratio have a significant positive impact, besides, rural households tend to migrate to communities with better economic foundation, better public infrastructure and attractive tourism resources. Based on the above conclusions, this paper proposes the following two policy implications: 1) For the resettlement regions, it is necessary to handle the contradiction properly between the immigration of households and basic infrastructure such as transportation, education, medical infrastructure as well as comprehensive carrying capacity of social services, and to meet the basic public needs of the households, thereby absorbing more labour force nearby and promoting in situ urbanization of the agricultural population. 2) For the regions of origin, it is necessary to deal with the problems of migrated households and abandoned land, idle houses, and the public service demand of left-behind households. At last, different rural revitalization strategies should be taken based on different traffic conditions, terrain, and development basis.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Behavioral research - Economic and social effects - Economics - Population dynamics - Public policy - Regional planning - Rural areas - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Binary logistic regression - Chongqing - Comprehensive carrying capacities - Household migration - Infrastructure services - Medical infrastructure - Mountainous regions - Rural development
Classification code:403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20194707708241
Title:Method of regional crop yield estimation based on remote sensing evapotranspiration model
Title of translation:基于遥感蒸散发的区域作物估产方法
Authors:Jiang, Lei (1, 2); Shang, Songhao (2); Yang, Yuting (2); Wang, Yangren (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin; 300384, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Songhao(shangsh@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:90-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop yield estimation over irrigation district is important for evaluation of water use efficiency and agricultural water management. The development of remote sensing technology provides an effective way to estimate crop yield at regional scale. In this paper, Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia, a representative irrigation district in arid region, was taken as the study region. Three counties (Linhe, Wuyuan and Hangjinhouqi) in Hetao Irrigation District were selected as the study area, where occupied most farmland in Hetao Irrigation District. Maize was the major crops in the study area. Maize daily evapotranspiration during growing period over Hetao Irrigation District was obtained based on remote sensed evapotranspiration model (HTEM) and remote sensed crop classification model fed with MODIS data from 2003-2012. The HTEM model was established from hybrid dual-source scheme and trapezoid framework and crop classification model was based on NDVI time series and phenology. These two models had been tested with experimental data and statistical data. On these bases, three water production functions, Jensen function, Blank function and Stewart function, were selected for the establishment of maize yield estimation model. Jensen function is a product model, while Blank function and Stewart function are both summation models. The parameters and applicability of the yield estimation models were also analyzed in this study. Results showed that, the HTEM model was capable of estimating evapotranspiration in this region with relative error of 7.02% and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.52 mm/day at site scale, respectively. The relative error and RMSE based on water balance model at region scale were 5.28% and 26.21 mm, respectively. The annual change of the maize actual evapotranspiration was in single-peak type, and the peak value occurred on late July with daily evapotranspiration of approximately 5 mm. The growth period of maize was 160-170 days. The annual average evapotranspiration of maize during growth period was approximately 526 mm. The results also showed that three water production functions had good performance in maize yield estimation with high accuracy during 2003-2012. The Stewart function had the highest accuracy, with relative error of 4.30% and correlation coefficient of 0.75. The relative error of Jensen function and Blank function were 4.47% and 4.36%, and the correlation coefficient of Jensen function and Blank function were 0.74 and 0.75, respectively. The average maize yield from 2003-2012 estimated by three water production functions were 10 185.82 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>(Jensen function), 10 176.58 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (Blank function) and 10 176.00 kg/hm<sup>2</sup> (Stewart function), respectively. As a result, the Stewart function had the best performance in Hetao Irrigation District. The three parameters of Stewart function were also fitted with K=1.1, B=2.76 and n=5.0. The spatial distribution of maize yield estimated by Stewart function showed that the northern part of study area have the lowest maize yield and the highest maize yield occurred in southern part of study area. The interannual variation of maize yield indicated that the lowest yield and highest yield during the study period occurred in 2007 and 2003, respectively. Moreover, the study indicated that remote sensing data and remote sensed evapotranspiration model and remote sensed crop classification model were feasible to estimate maize yield over Hetao Irrigation District.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Crops - Errors - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Mean square error - Models - Water management - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Actual evapotranspiration - Agricultural water management - Daily evapotranspirations - Evapotranspiration modeling - Hetao irrigation districts - Remote sensing technology - Water production functions - Yield
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.38e-01yr to 4.66e-01yr, Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 4.36e+00%, Percentage 4.47e+00%, Percentage 5.28e+00%, Percentage 7.02e+00%, Size 2.62e-02m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 5.26e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20194707708230
Title:Development and infiltration performance of corn straw composite infiltration irrigation pipe
Title of translation:玉米秸秆复合渗灌管研制及渗水性能研究
Authors:Wu, Feng (1, 2); Wang, Fubin (1, 2); Zai, Songmei (1, 2); Chu, Yunwang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) Henan Key Laboratory of Water-saving Agriculture, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:98-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Straw subsurface irrigation (SSI) is an innovative technology based on the combination of straw returning and subsurface drip irrigation. Straw composite infiltration irrigation pipe, which formed from crop straw and soil mixture by extrusion, was used to replace the capillary of subsurface drip irrigation for irrigation. It can help to solve the problems of subsurface drip irrigation to a certain extent, such as the emergence of water shortage, emitter blocking and capillary recycling as well as straw returning. The research and development of straw composite infiltration irrigation pipe that meet the irrigation requirements was related to the success of SSI technology. In the current study, the straw composite pipe (SCP) was produced with corn stalk as the main material by using a self-made straw composite pipe forming machine, orthogonal test of straw composite pipe (SCP) was performed with three-factor and three-levels. The straw content, initial water content and spiral shaft speed were taken as scientific parameters to study the factors affecting the formation and water infiltration properties of SCP. The three levels of straw mass content were 5%, 7%, and 9%, respectively. While, the three levels of initial mass water content were 20%, 22%, and 24%, and the three levels of the spiral shaft speed were 50, 62, and 74 r/min. Effects of straw content, initial water content and spiral shaft speed on the bulk density, permeability rate and water infiltration uniformity coefficient of SCP were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The bulk density of SCP was in between 1.278-1.355 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, and the main factor affecting the bulk density of SCP was straw content. With the increasing of straw content, the bulk density of SCP was reduced. The best combination to the formation of SCP was 5% straw content, 22% initial water content, and 62 r/min spiral shaft rotation speed, the corresponding bulk density of SCP was 1.355 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; 2) The free water outlet rate of the SCP was between 0.76-1.40 L/(m•h) at 0.25 m working pressure, which meets the requirement of commonly micro-irrigation emitters flow rate. Water infiltration rate was mainly influenced by straw content. When the straw content was 9%, the initial water content was 24%, and the spiral shaft rotation speed was 50 r/min, per unit length of SCP had the largest free water outlet rate; 3) Under the condition of free flow, the uniformity coefficient of water permeability for SCP was between 0.13 and 0.35 with low working pressure. The optimal combination was 5% of straw content, 24% of water content and 50 r/min of the spiral shaft rotation speed, but it still could not meet the irrigation requirements; 4) It took into consideration of the formation, water infiltration and water uniformity of SCP, the best characters of SCP was 5% of straw content, 24% of water content and 50 r/min of spiral shaft rotation speed. The conclusions have a certain reference value for the research and development of SCP, which would be beneficial to promote the utilization of straw resources and the development of field water-saving technology.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Pipe - Rotation - Soil testing - Speed - Straw - Subirrigation - Water conservation - Water content - Water recycling
Uncontrolled terms:Bulk density - Composite pipe - Irrigation requirements - Micro-irrigation emitters - Research and development - Subsurface drip irrigation - Uniformity coefficient - Water saving technology
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.28e+03kg/m3 to 1.36e+03kg/m3, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 6.20e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.40e+01RPM, Size 2.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.012
Funding details: Number: -, Acronym: MOE, Sponsor: Ministry of Education;Number: -, Acronym: CAS, Sponsor: Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Funding text:[20] 张俊. 微润线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究[D]. 北京：中国 科学院研究生院（教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心）， 2013. ZhangJun.ExperimentalStudyonCharacteristicsofWetting Body Infiltrated by Micro-wetting Line Source[D]. Beijing: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Center forSoilandWaterConservationandEcologicalEnvironment Research, Ministry of Education), 2013. (in Chinese with Englishabstract)
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20194707708252
Title:Time and temperature characteristics of feed gelatinization by gradient isothermal hydrothermal treatment
Title of translation:梯度恒温水热处理饲料的糊化时间温度特性研究
Authors:Jin, Nan (1); Duan, Enze (1); Wang, Hongying (1); Fang, Peng (1); Qi, Zhongxian (1); Chen, Jiyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) National R&D Center for Agro-processing Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Hongying(hongyingw@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:300-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gelatinization, as a functional property during thermal processing of starch, is applied extensively in starch-based feed industry. Furthermore, time and temperature are two interdependent process parameters in feed thermal processing including conditioning. In order to explore the sensitivity of feed to time and temperature in the process of gelatinization and to grasp the regularity of feed gelatinization and denaturation, the formula feed for finishing pigs was taken as the research material in this study, and the proximate composition of the feed, including moisture, starch, crude protein, ash, NDF, ADF, was determined. Based on viscosity characteristics of feed gelatinization, apparent viscosities of samples were measured during different hydrothermal treatments by RVA (rapid visco analyzer). Temperature scanning tests for feed- deionized water suspension were performed from 25 to 95℃ at three heating rates of 5, 10, 15℃/min, and the derivative of viscosity was calculated for analysis of critical temperatures. Then, for gradient isothermal heating of feed- deionized water suspension within 64 to 95℃ and holding time of 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes respectively, a programmed stepwise temperature increase at constant heating rate was written to the custom configuration in RVA. The viscosity gradient and viscosity difference (Δμ value) before and after isothermal heating were used to determine the temperature thresholds. The results showed that: the gelatinization behavior of feed was affected by heating rate (P<0.05). When the heating rate increased from 5 to 15℃/min, the peak viscosity increased from 295 to 364 mPa•s and the temperature on the onset of gelatinization increased from 71.90 to 72.85℃. A fast heating rate would increase the lag between the measured and the actual temperature of samples. Three temperature thresholds of 72, 78 and 86℃ were obtained, which corresponded to the irreversible swelling of amorphous regions, the disruption of crystalline structure and the disintegration of amylose-lipid complexes of the starch source in feed. Therefore, three temperature thresholds, i.e. three nodes, divide the growth trend of viscosity into four stages during whole gelatinization process of feed. The temperature dependence and time dependence of feed gelatinization were confirmed. Temperature dependence meant that even if the feed was heated for an infinite length of time, only reaching a certain temperature would the feed gelatinized completely, while the time dependence referred to the spontaneous gelatinization of feed heated at a constant temperature, even if the temperature was not raised any more. Feed in the initial stage of gelatinization showed a strong temperature dependence, but in the late stage of gelatinization, a longer time of constant temperature heating could also promote the completion of the gelatinization process, showing a significant time dependence. When the hydrothermal treatment temperature was below 88℃, excessive constant temperature or heating treatment time would reduce the maximum viscosity of feed-deionized water suspension during gelatinization process, which showed shear thinning phenomenon of feed gelatinization. According to the analysis in this paper, in the setting of conditioning parameters of formula feed for finishing pigs, it is advisable to choose a higher conditioning temperature than the initial gelatinization temperature, and delaying the ripening retention time could bring better conditioning effect. The results provide a new idea for the study of feed gelatinization process and also a reference for optimizing the thermal processing treatment such as conditioning of formula feed.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Gelation
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Deionized water - Disintegration - Feeding - Heat treatment - Heating - Heating rate - Isotherms - Mammals - Shear thinning - Starch - Temperature - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Conditioning temperatures - Gelatinization - Gelatinization temperature - Hydrothermal treatments - Isothermal heating - Temperature characteristic - Temperature dependence - Time and temperature dependence
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Time 3.00e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20194707708221
Title:Design and parameter optimization of sweet-potato-stalk separator for single row sweet potato combine harvester
Title of translation:单垄单行甘薯联合收获机薯秧分离机构设计与参数优化
Authors:Chen, Xiaodong (1, 2); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wang, Bing (1); You, Zhaoyan (1); Peng, Baoliang (1); Hu, Lianglong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(zchu369@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:12-21
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Now the separation of sweet-potato-stalk separator of sweet potato combine is incomplete in China, the number of sweet potato damage is large, blockage of soil block and components of stalk entanglement are urgently solved. This paper designed the sweet-potato-stalk separator of simple, high-extraction rate, low-damage rate and anti-soil blockage. It mainly consisted of excavation and conveying parts, transmission parts, picking roll and conveyor bar lifting chain. According to design calculation and growth characteristics of sweet potato, main structure-parameters of separator were determined, in which length of excavating part was 382 mm; length of conveying device was 1 668 mm, horizontal inclination of conveying device was 24°; radius of driving shaft and picking roll was 18 and 36 mm respectively; distance between lower layer bar and picking roll was 27 mm, and distance between uppermost end and picking roll was 251 mm. In terms of operation process of sweet-potato-stalk separator, sweet potato mixture was thrown from highest point of conveying device at a determinate inception speed into picking roll. For convenience of theoretical analysis, sweet potato mixture regarded as a particle, regardless of interaction between mixtures. Motor process could be regarded as oblique projectile motion. Analysis of movement characteristics of sweet potato, ascertaining main work-parameters of sweet-potato-stalk separator was moving speed of machine, rotation speed of driving shaft and angel of between delivery device and horizontal. Through experiment of sweet-potato-stalk separation, it found that moisture content of sweet-potato-stalk decreases all time during harvest period, while changing of separating force increased first, then decreased, and finally flattened out, and mathematical model of relationship between moisture content of sweet-potato-stalk and separating force conformed to quadratic function. With Box-BenhnKen, central combination design method selected effects of 3 main work-parameters on extraction rate and damage rate of sweet potato and conducted experimental design. Based on this, one-time three-factor and three-level regression orthogonal experiment carried out. Experimental sweet potato planting mode single ridge single row, soil clay, and soil moisture content 22.8%. Since self-propelled sweet potato combine harvester contained three-stage soil potato separation device and forward system was crawler chass, test ground could be very good to meet harvest requirements. In accordance with test results, regression analysis of extraction rate and damage rate of sweet potato in DESIGN EXPERT was carried out, and significant level of each factor was determined. According to contribution rate of factors, 3 parameters were identified for primary and secondary order of influence of extraction rate and damage rate. The result was angel between delivery device and horizontal>moving speed of machine>rotation speed of driving shaft. Response surface method used to establish quadratic polynomial mathematical model of influence of parameters. The optimal combination of field trial parameters was that moving speed of machine was 1.20 m/s, rotation speed of driving shaft was 895 r/min, and angle between delivery device and horizontal was 24. Extraction rate and damage rate of optimal parameter combination field test results were 98.14% and 2.76%, respectively, and separation effect satisfied sweet potato harvest requirement. The study also provides ideas for other fruit-seed separation operations.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Design - Extraction - Functions - Harvesters - Harvesting - Mechanization - Mixtures - Moisture determination - Optimization - Regression analysis - Separators - Soil moisture - Speed
Uncontrolled terms:Growth characteristic - Movement characteristics - Optimal parameter combinations - Orthogonal experiment - Parameter optimization - Quadratic polynomial - Response surface method - Sweet potato
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 2.76e+00%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.95e+02RPM, Size 1.67e+00m, Size 1.80e-02m, Size 2.51e-01m, Size 2.70e-02m, Size 3.60e-02m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20194707708173
Title:Impacts of climate change on agricultural water management and its coping strategies
Title of translation:气候变化对农业水管理的影响及应对策略研究
Authors:Xu, Di (1, 2); Li, Yinong (1, 2); Gong, Shihong (1, 2); Zhang, Baozhong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Key Laboratory of Basin Water Cycle Simulation and Control, China Institute of Water Resources & Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Baozhong(zhangbz@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:79-89
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Climate change has led to an increase in globally average annual temperature, changes in regional precipitation patterns, changes in river characteristics, and frequently occurrence of extreme climatic events, and so on, showing its inevitable influence to agricultural water resources and agricultural production worldwide. The events above pose great challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture and modern agricultural water management in the world, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. This paper introduced the occurrence of extreme weather events under climate change, mainly pointing out the adverse effects of drought and flooding on the global agricultural production, and evaluated the effects of climate change on the availability and quality of agricultural water resources and the water requirements for crops caused by climate change, which included the changing patterns of temperature and precipitation, as well as the frequency and extent of extreme weather events. The impacts of climate change on the surface water, groundwater, snow and glaciers, the causes for the changes of water quality, and the differences in crop water requirements across the globe were highlighted. Besides, the paper also explained the effects of climate change on farming and animal husbandry, mainly referring to the irrigation water, available cultivated land area, crop production, livestock water demands and herbage production, caused by water elements. And then reviewed the coping strategies to agriculture water management under the circumstance of climate change, including selection of coping strategies and performance evaluation of agricultural water management, analysis of adaptation-mitigation trade off, and climate risk management mechanism. Based on the research of climate change on agricultural water management and its coping strategies, the paper set forth to the following suggestions. Firstly, scale effect and uncertainties in the influence of climate change to agricultural water management need to be considered, thereby proper strategy and measure should be made and selected to suit the local conditions. Secondly, comprehensive evaluation method based on the integration of models need to be established actively, and thereby the accuracy and reliability of the comprehensive prediction and evaluation results should be improved profitably. Thirdly, analysis of adaptation-mitigation trade off and coordinate benefit of agricultural water management strategies need to be deeply strengthened, thereby the effect of the strategies should be promoted. Finally, the authors of paper suggested that domestic scholars should strengthen their research efforts to the comprehensive evaluation method and effect analysis, and pointed out that the appropriate selection and integration of various strategies with various factors, such as engineering, agronomy, management, policy and so on, was an important and reliable way to deal with the impact of global climate change.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:90
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Crops - Cultivation - Economic and social effects - Groundwater - Irrigation - Quality control - Risk assessment - Risk management - Surface waters - Water management - Water quality - Water resources - Weather information services
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptation - Agricultural productions - Agricultural water management - Coping strategies - Mitigation
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 445.2 Water Analysis - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20194707708220
Title:Optimization of prime farmland layout on basis of geological environment suitability
Title of translation:基于地质环境适宜性的基本农田布局优化研究
Authors:Wang, Yujun (1, 2); Liu, Qiong (1); Ou, Minghao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Land Management College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing; 210018, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Qiong(liuqiong@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:252-260
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the essence of cultivated land, prime farmland under the special protection is significant for the cultivated land output and the national food security. Thus the delineation and layout of the prime farmland is not only the starting point for the prime farmland protection, but also the foundation of the efficient use and effective supervision for the prime farmland. It has found that the layout of prime farmland is affected by various factors, such as natural factors, economic and social factors, ecological environmental factors, etc. Although some studies have considered to put individual geological environmental indicators into cultivated land and prime farmland layout, there is still a lack of systematic investigation about the geological environmental factors in prime farmland layout study. From the constraints of the geological environment on cultivated land use, in this paper, we took Xuzhou urban planning area as an example, to build the evaluation index system of regional geological environment suitability for cultivated land, which was constructed from five aspects: topographic conditions, soil conditions, hydrological conditions, geological disasters and geological environment problems, and used the matter-element model to evaluate the geological environmental suitability of cultivated land. Furthermore, after superimposing the evaluation results with the prime farmland layout scheme of the General Land Use Planning in Xuzhou City (2006-2020), there were arable land with less suitable grade or unsuitable grade which should be transferred out of the Prime Farmland Protected Area. At the same time, because of the constraint of the prime farmland retention index, the same amount of cultivated land with suitable grade or general suitable grade should be transferred from the general agricultural land area into the Prime Farmland Protected Area. Finally, the optimization scheme of the prime farmland layout based on the geological environment constraint was obtained. The result showed that according to the relationship between cultivated land use and geological environment, it was the premise for optimizing the layout of prime farmland to integrate the factors including topography, soil, hydrology, geological disaster and geological environmental problems to establish indicator system of the region geological environmental suitability assessment. There were 2 431.69 hm<sup>2</sup> of the prime farmland whose suitability level was less suitable grade and unsuitable. Through transferring the less suitable and unsuitable prime farmland, then adding the suitable and less suitable cultivated land from the general farmland area, the new layout of prime farmland in study area was optimized from the point of geological environment. In this paper, we explored the optimization path of prime farmland layout in region based on the constraints of geological environment, which can also be used in the layout optimization of urban and rural construction land, industrial and mining land and other types of land, in order to promote the "mine and land integration" in process of spatial planning decision and management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Conservation - Disasters - Environmental protection - Food supply - Geology - Land use - Models - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental indicators - Evaluation index system - Geological environment problems - Hydrological condition - Prime farmlands - Regional geological environments - Suitability evaluation - Xuzhou city
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.3 Food Products - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20194707708285
Title:Responsive of aggregate stability of meadow black soil to different tillage practices and carbon-based fertilizers
Title of translation:草甸黑土团聚体稳定性对耕作与炭基肥施用的响应
Authors:Zhang, Di (1); Jiang, Baiwen (1); Liang, Shipeng (1); Lü, Siqi (1); Xu, Xintong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Baiwen(jbwneau@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:125-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The stability and size distribution of soil aggregates is profoundly affected by tillage and fertilizers, but the influencing mechanisms of tillage and fertilizers on meadow black soil are not clear. A study was carried out to investigate and attempted to interpret the effects of short-term tillage and fertilizers on soil aggregates from types of tillage and soil properties in soil samples and size fractions of soil aggregates. Soil samples were taken from 6 treatments under deep plow (DCF) and shallow plow (SCF) with organic fertilizers (M) and biochar (C), including: DCF, DCF+M, DCF+B, SCF, SCF+M and SCF+B. The wet-sieving and dry- sieving method was used to obtain 6 size fractions of soil aggregates: >5, 5-2, >2-1, >1-0.5, >0.5-0.25, and <0.25 mm. The stability and size distribution of soil aggregates was measured as mean weight diameter (MWD), the percentage of water-stable aggregate (WSA) and percent of soil aggregate destruction (PAD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) of water-stable aggregate. The quantities of soil organic carbon (SOC), humic substances, dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) and oxalate extractable iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides were also measured. The results showed under the MWD values of different tillage methods were significantly different, showing that shallow > deep tillage, the content range of water stable aggregates (WSA) was 80.0% to 93.5%. Compared with DCF, DCF+M, SCF, SCF+M and SCF+B, DCF+B treatment was significant lower, while the differences between the other treatments were not significant. The content of iron and aluminum oxides in different forms was 0.10-2.45 g/kg. The content of free crystalline iron and aluminum oxides was significantly higher than that of amorphous iron and aluminum oxides. The content of free crystalline iron and aluminum oxides were significantly higher than that of amorphous iron and aluminum oxides, and the trend was Fe<sup>DCB</sup>>Al<sup>DCB</sup>>Al<sup>oxa</sup>>Fe<sup>oxa</sup>. Except Fe<sup>DCB</sup>, the content of iron-aluminum oxide in DCF treatment was higher than that in DCF+B treatment. The content of Al<sup>oxa</sup> in SCF treatment was significantly higher than that in SCF+M and SCF+B, 19.35% and 12.12% respectively. The humus component (HF, HA, FA) of DCF+M in each treatment had the highest carbon content, which was 6.9, 3.9 and 3.0 g/kg, respectively, and it was significantly different from other treatments. According to RDA and partial redundancy analysis, the correlation between amorphous iron oxide and the percentage content of >0.25 mm aggregates and water-stable aggregates was higher than that of other influencing factors, and the contribution rate of amorphous iron to variation interpretation was 61.3%. Soil organic carbon content was negatively correlated with <0.25 mm, and positively correlated with the formation of large aggregates, with a contribution rate of 33.0%. Both free and amorphous aluminum oxides were positively correlated with the formation of large aggregates, and their contribution rate was 9.3%. The changes of Fe and Al oxides and organic carbon could jointly explain 74.9% of the stability and distribution of soil aggregates, 7.9% of Fe and Al oxides and 9.2% of organic carbon components, respectively. Therefore, the comprehensive analysis showed that short-term farming and charcoal fertilizer application have a significant impact on the stability of the soil structure. SCF + M and DCF + B are ideal farming models and have certain application values in the improvement of meadows black soil.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Aluminum oxide
Controlled terms:Aggregates - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Alumina - Biological materials - Charcoal - Convergence of numerical methods - Crystalline materials - Fertilizers - Iron oxides - Organic carbon - Size distribution - Soil surveys - Soils - Stability
Uncontrolled terms:Amorphous aluminum oxide - Comprehensive analysis - Fertilizer applications - Geometric mean diameters - Soil aggregate - Soil organic carbon content - Tillage - Water stable aggregates
Classification code:406 Highway Engineering - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524 Solid Fuels - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 933.1 Crystalline Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 6.13e+01%, Percentage 7.49e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01% to 9.35e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Percentage 9.30e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20194707708157
Title:Potential of cultivated land quality grade improving promoted by improvable limiting factors
Title of translation:基于可改良限制因子的耕地质量等别提升潜力研究
Authors:Song, Ge (1); Liu, Yanni (1); Zhang, Wenqi (1); Wang, Sizhuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:261-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is important to calculate the theoretical and realistic potential of cultivated land quality and protect cultivated land. Land consolidation is an effective way to promote quality of cultivated land by improving limiting factors. To definite the role of land consolidation in arable land quality grade, choosing some agricultural land grading factors which land consolidation can improve in time and positively is principle. Setting the theoretical top and realistic top score of different crop classification factors as targets respectively, calculating theoretical and realistic potential of cultivated land by the potential index model of the agriculture land natural quality grade is basic. Making realistic potential of cultivated land as the aim of land consolidation project would be more scientific and objective. The utilized grades could be calculated based on the natural grade by ability coefficient of land use. The economic grades could be calculated based on the utilized grades by land economic coefficient. According to the distribution of theoretical and realistic potential of natural, utilized and economic grades from townships, villages and plots, land projection project can be planned, designed and arranged in advance. The first step is to determine the improvable limiting indexes of agricultural land classification. Dashiqiao county of Liaoning province was taken as the study area based on the complement of arable grade in 2012. The study area has arable land and slope arable land which have respective improvable limiting indexes. Arable land has thickness of soil layer, terrain slop, irrigation guarantee ratio and degree of surface rock outcrop. While slope arable land has irrigation guarantee ratio, degree of salinity, drainage conditions and irrigation water source. Afterwards, we calculated the improvable theoretical and realistic degree of each selected indexes by land consolidation project based on plot respectively. Then utilized and economic grades would be calculated later. Finally with the area weighing method to summarize the results into villages and townships, we analyzed the character of theoretical and realistic potential of arable land on different scales. In villages scale we used local spatial auto-correlation method specially. The results showed that 1) Under the township scale, the theoretical and realistic potential of cultivated land quality improvement was obvious, showing high in the east and low in the west, decreasing in turn; 2) At the village level, the potential of cultivated land quality in eastern was High-High type and concentrated, in the middle was Low-Low type and distributed separately with small area, and in the west was random distribution; 3) Under the plot scale, potential of arable land quality had great promotion in eastern and middle of research area. Thickness of soil layer and terrain slope of eastern slope farmland should be improved by implementing land leveling project. Degree of salinity and drainage condition of middle farmland could be promoted by irrigation and drainage works. In conclusion, theoretical and realistic potential of arable land of research area have significant distinctions on different scales obviously, which provides the basis and technological support for developing a key cultivated land consolidation project and demarcating the boundaries of protection of cultivated land.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Farms - Grading - Irrigation - Rural areas - Scales (weighing instruments) - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Land consolidations - Limiting factors - Multi-scale - Potential
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20194707708187
Title:Effect of irrigation regime on water consumption pattern and grain yield of seed maize under partial root zone irrigation
Title of translation:交替隔沟灌溉制度对制种玉米耗水规律和产量的影响
Authors:Qi, Dongliang (1, 2); Hu, Tiantian (2); Song, Xue (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou; 434025, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Zhengzhou University Multi-functional Design and Research Academy CO., LED, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Tiantian(hutiant@nwsuaf.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:64-70
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Alternate partial zone irrigation (APRI) has been widely practiced worldwide and has been proven that it has a great potential of water saving in arid and semi-arid areas, but information on different irrigation regimes on water consumption pattern under APRI receives limited attention, especially for seed maize. To better use and development of APRI in arid area, we carried out a field experiment to investigate the effect of different irrigation regimes on water consumption pattern and grain yield of seed maize (Zay mays, Gold northwestern 22) under APRI at Wuwei, northwest China in 2014 using ridge planting-furrow irrigation technology. The irrigation regimes included only moderate water deficit at seeding stage (T1), only severe water deficit at seeding stage (T2), only moderate water deficit at heading stage (T3), only severe water deficit at heading stage (T4), only moderate water deficit at flowering and kernel stage (T5), only severe water deficit at flowering and kernel stage (T6) and full irrigation during whole growth period of seed maize (CK). Weather data during the seed maize growth season, water consumption amount of the different growth stages (planting to jointing, jointing to bell, bell to tasseling, tasseling to silking, silking to filling, filling to milk and milk to maturity) and grain yield at the maturity of seed maize were determined. The intensity of water consumption and crop coefficient at the different growth stages, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were calculated. The results showed that, the CK resulted in the greatest water consumption amount and the average crop coefficient during the whole growth period of seed maize as well as the grain yield, and the corresponding values were 494 mm, 0.86 and 6478 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Compared to CK, the average intensity of water consumption during the seed maize grown season were decreased in any water deficit treatment, and the average intensity of water consumption in the T6 treatment was significantly smaller than that in the T5 treatment. The crop coefficient in any water deficit period of seed maize was also decreased by all the water deficit treatments. Compared to CK, the T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 treatments significantly decreased grain yield of seed maize by 13.29%,15.48%, 28.13%, 14.06% and19.87% (P<0.05), respectively. However, the grain yield of the T1 treatment was comparable to that of the CK. At the same time, the T1 treatment significantly decreased the water consumption during the whole growth period of seed maize by 20.44% if compared to CK. As a result, the T1 treatment achieved the greatest WUE (1.55 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>) and IWUE (2.54 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). These results suggested alternate partial root zone irrigation with the irrigation regime of moderate water deficit at the seeding stage and full irrigation at the other growth stages could maintain the grain yield and obviously reduce the water consumption amount during the whole growth period of seed maize, and thereby improving water use efficiency. The results could provide guidance to irrigation management in the field for seed maize in the Hexi Corridor area of northwest China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Water conservation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Bells - Crops - Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Irrigation - Seed - Water resources - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Crop coefficient - Deficit - Grain yield - Water consumption - Water use efficiency
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 752.1 Acoustic Devices - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.81e+01%, Size 4.94e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20194707708151
Title:Mechanism of starch degradation of corn grist degermed by extruded at low-temperature and multienzyme synergistic degradation
Title of translation:低温挤出-多酶协同降解脱胚玉米中淀粉的机理
Authors:Ye, Xiangku (1, 2); Shen, Dechao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai; 264005, China; (3) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Dechao(shendc@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:291-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the conversion rate of starch to glucose, an enzyme (α-amylase) was added to amylopectin by changing the α-1,6-glycoside bond in amylopectin by extrusion enzymatic hydrolysis technology, and the microstructure of paraffin section was introduced. Low temperature (≤80℃) extrusion, multi-enzyme (α-amylase, glucoamylase, pullulanase) synergistic degumming preparation. The distribution of protein granules and starch granules and the main physicochemical indexes of starch degradation in cells were observed. The results showed that starch content decreased from 81.50% to 74.40% and soluble sugar content increased from 1.07% to 2.26% during extrusion. The change of enzymatic extrusion process was more obvious. By adding α-amylase, starch content decreased from 79.72% to 69.16%, soluble sugar content increased from 6.54% to 7.90%. By adding α-amylase and glucoamylase, the starch content decreased from 81.42% to 72.45%, and the soluble sugar content increased from 11.65% to 14.71%. By adding α-amylase and pullulanase, starch content decreased from 81.31% to 70.31%, soluble sugar content increased from 6.74% to 8.29%. By adding α-amylase, glucoamylase and pullulanase, the starch content decreased from 81.06% to 69.05%, and the soluble sugar content increased from 11.25% to 16.35%. The results of microsection showed that the degradation degree of starch granules in the three enzymes was better than that of one (α-amylase) or two enzymes (α-amylase, glucoamylase or α-amylase, pullulanase). The results showed that starch content decreased, soluble sugar content increased and gelatinization degree increased in degummed maize by low temperature enzymatic extrusion. At the same time, the effect of adding three enzymes (α-amylase, glucoamylase and pullulanase) on starch degradation was better than adding one enzyme (α-amylase) or two enzymes (α-amylase, glucose- amylase or α-amylase, pullulanase). These results provide useful data for improving starch utilization.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Amylases
Controlled terms:Amylopectins - Enzymatic hydrolysis - Enzymes - Extrusion - Gelation - Glucose - Granulation - Proteins - Starch - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Cell structure - Degermed corn - Degradation degree - Extrusion process - Physicochemical indices - Soluble sugar contents - Starch degradation - Starch utilization
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.07e+00% to 2.26e+00%, Percentage 1.12e+01% to 1.64e+01%, Percentage 1.17e+01% to 1.47e+01%, Percentage 6.54e+00% to 7.90e+00%, Percentage 6.74e+00% to 8.29e+00%, Percentage 7.97e+01% to 6.92e+01%, Percentage 8.11e+01% to 6.90e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+01% to 7.03e+01%, Percentage 8.14e+01% to 7.25e+01%, Percentage 8.15e+01% to 7.44e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20194707708175
Title:Short-term load forecasting for distribution transformer based on VMD-BA-LSSVM algorithm
Title of translation:基于变分模态分解-BA-LSSVM算法的配电网短期负荷预测
Authors:Zhao, Fengzhan (1); Hao, Shuai (1); Zhang, Yu (2); Du, Songhuai (1); Shan, Baoguo (3); Su, Juan (1); Jing, Tianjun (1); Zhao, Tingting (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Grid Beijing Electronic Power Company, Beijing; 100031, China; (3) China State Grid Energy Research Institute, Beijing; 102209, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:190-197
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the wide application of all kinds of electrical equipment in the distribution system, the power load has increased in recent years, which has a great impact on distribution network. Thus, forecasting the short-term daily load is required. Combining the advantages of VMD, LSSVM and BA, a novel VMD-BA-LSSVM short-term daily power load forecasting method was designed, and the complex environmental factors were considered in this paper. Least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) is a classical machine prediction method, which has the advantages of small sample size, powerful generalization ability and fast solution. However, with the gradual improvement of forecasting accuracy requirements, simple LSSVM can't guarantee the accuracy of the forecasting work. The daily load sequence of the distribution transformer presents an irregular curve containing variation currents and fluctuation details. These information can be separated and predicted respectively in the prediction process, thus better prediction results can be obtained. Although the daily load sequence seems to be fluctuant and irregular, the trend component and wave components in different frequency scales can be obtained by the variational mode decomposition method (VMD). Compared with the process of recursion and screening in EEMD, VMD is characterized by its non-recursive and variable mode. VMD decomposes the original load sequence into a series of specific band-limited subsequences, which aims to decrease instability. VMD has the better capability of harmonic separation, and each subsequence has a better regularity. In this paper, the VMD was used to decompose daily load sequence of a day and yield a series of subsequences with specific frequencies. Subsequences were put into four LSSVMs for the respective forecast. Different parameters in LSSVMs were optimized by the bat algorithm (BA). Meanwhile, the affection of the complex environmental factors was studied and the normalization approach of those factors was proposed. Thus, complex environmental factors were considered in forecasting. The procedures of this prediction method were as following: Firstly, the input data of the method was the daily load data with a one-hour interval and daily environmental data with a one-day interval of the previous 14 days. The daily load sequence (1 row and 24 columns, 1×24) was decomposed by the VMD method and yielded four low-to-high frequency subsequences. Secondly, the four subsequences of the previous 14 days were combined into four 14×24 matrices. Thirdly, the normalized data of the four matrices and environmental data were put into four LSSVMs to forecast the load of the 15th day. Meanwhile, the parameters of LSSVM were optimized by BA. The last, the four LSSVMs results were summed and yielded the final prediction result. In this paper, the VMD was used to decompose nonlinear, fluctuant daily load sequence and yield subsequences with different frequency scales. Subsequences were combined and put into LSSVMs for the respective forecast. Simulation results showed that the forecasting accuracy of VMD-based forecasting method was higher than EEMD-based method. At the same time, LSSVM was used to forecast, and BA was used to optimize the uncertain parameters. The simulation results showed that compared with SVM, LSSVM had a better capability to approximate the load sequence, and got higher prediction efficiency. LSSVM had less uncertain parameters than SVM, thus the efficiency of parameter optimization was higher. Furthermore, BA had excellent capability of global optimization and rapid convergence. Simulation results showed that the proposed method was the most accurate and efficient method, compared with other five forecasting methods.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Forecasting
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Complex networks - Efficiency - Electric power plant loads - Electric transformers - Global optimization - Least squares approximations - Matrix algebra - Support vector machines - Uncertainty analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Bat algorithms - Distribution transformer - Environmental factors - Least squares support vector machines - Mode decomposition - Power
Classification code:722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.84e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20194707708166
Title:Influence of tillage and straw retention on soil carbon pool and maize-wheat yield in Shajiang black soil
Title of translation:耕作方式和秸秆还田对砂姜黑土碳库及玉米小麦产量的影响
Authors:Ye, Xinxin (1); Wang, Bingqing (1); Liu, Shaojun (1); Ma, Chao (1); Li, Junli (1); Chai, Rushan (1); Xiong, Qizhong (1); Li, Hongying (2); Gao, Hongjian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei; 230001, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongying(nmglihongying@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:112-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Long-term no-tillage mulching with straw retention have led to the shallowness of plough layer, the increase of bulk density at the depth of 10-30 cm layer, and the imbalance of soil nutrients in Shajiang black soil along Huai River, which have limited the improvement of productivity of summer maize (Zea mays) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Tillage practice and residue management play important roles in carbon pool and crop yields in soils. The reasonable combination of tillage with straw retention is an effective method to solve this problem. After 8-years field experiment in wheat - maize cropping systems, four treatments were set up, 1) no-tillage with straw removal for summer maize and winter wheat (N); 2) tillage with straw removal for summer maize and winter wheat (D); 3) no-tillage with straw mulching for summer maize and winter wheat (NS); and (4) no-tillage with straw mulching for summer maize and plough tillage with straw incorporation for winter wheat (DS). Soil samples were taken from the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 cm and 50-60 cm soil depths. Soil total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic C (POC), microbial biomass C (MBC), potassium permanganate-oxidizable C (KMnO<inf>4</inf>-C) and dissolved organic C (DOC) were measured. Carbon pool management index (CPMI) was also calculated. These indexes and the year-round yield of maize and wheat were comprehensively analyzed to gain the optimal mode for enriching the Shajiang black soil. Our tesults showed that DS treatment increased the contents of TOC, POC, MBC, KMnO4-C and CPMI at the depth of 0-30 cm layer, compared with N treatment, but NS treatment only enhanced the contents of above-mentioned indexes at the depth of 0-10 cm layer. The tillage operation incorporated the maize residue (straw, stubble, and root) to a greater soil depth in DS treatment, which meant that DS had a higher subsoil TOC, POC, MBC, KMnO<inf>4</inf>-C and CPMI content (10-30 cm) than the other treatments. There were no significant (P<0.05) differences in TOC, POC, MBC, KMnO<inf>4</inf>-C contents in the 30-60 cm layers among the four treatments. In addition, the total yields for summer maize and winter wheat in four treatments fluctuated widely from year to year. Treatment DS significantly (P<0.05) inceased the year-round crop yield, and the mean crop yield of DS was 14.7%, 12.9% and 8.5% greater than that of N, D and NS over 8 years. Moreover, microbial biomass carbon and KMnO<inf>4</inf>-C was significantly (P<0.05) affected by the tillage and straw retention and was sensitive to different management practices. Total organic carbon was positively correlated with MBC and KMnO<inf>4</inf>-C, suggesting they were suitable as an early indicator of soil quality. The significant crop yield improvement observed in DS was attributed to the combined effect of tillage practice and crop residue management on improving the soil fertility and enhancing the labile carbon pool in the Shajiang black soil, which promoted the growth of summer maize and winter wheat. Generally, treatment DS was an sustainable and effective management practice to improve the soil carbon pool and enhance the year-round yield of summer maize and winter wheat in Shajiang black soil along Huai River.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Agricultural machinery
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Crops - Grain (agricultural product) - Lakes - Manganese compounds - Organic carbon - Plants (botany) - Potash - Productivity - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Crop residue management - Crop yield - Effective management - Microbial biomass carbon - Potassium permanganate - Soil carbon pool - Straw incorporations - Tillage
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 5.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20194707708228
Title:Spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of drought in Guangxi during sugarcane growth period based on SPEI
Title of translation:基于SPEI的广西甘蔗生育期干旱时空演变特征分析
Authors:Chen, Yanli (1, 2); Meng, Liangli (3); Huang, Xiaohan (4); Mo, Jianfei (2); Feng, Liping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Enviroment, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanning; 530022, China; (3) College of Geography and Planning of Nanning Normal University, Nanning; 530001, China; (4) Guangxi Hechi Meteorological Bureau, Hechi; 547000, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Liping(fenglp@cau.edu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:149-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is the third largest sugar producer in the world, and sugar industry is the most important economic pillar industries in south China. Drought is one of the most serious agro-meteorological disasters affecting sugarcane production. Under the background of climate change, to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of drought in sugarcane planting area is of great significance for disaster prevention and improving the ability of sugarcane production to cope with climate change. In this paper, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region which is located in 104°26'-112°04'E,20°54'-26°24'N was taken as the research area. Temperature and precipitation data from 1971 to 2017 and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were used to analyze the drought characteristics. Firstly, historical typical drought events and measured soil relative humidity were used to verify the applicability of SPEI to sugarcane drought monitoring. Then, taking the sugarcane growth stages including seedling stage, tillering stage, stem elongation stage, maturity stage and whole growth stage as time scale, and considering the difference of sugarcane sowing time, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and variation rules of light drought, medium drought, severe drought and extreme drought in different sugarcane planting areas in Guangxi were analyzed by climate trend rate, wavelet analysis and GIS spatial technology. The results showed that the occurrence time and intensity of typical drought events during 2003 to 2011 in sugarcane planting area were good fit with SPEI, and the correlation between soil moisture of 0cm to 50cm depths and SPEI were good in each sugarcane growth period and the whole growth period and most of them passed the significance level test, all this indicates that SPEI could reflect drought objectively. The climate trend rate analysis showed that, from 1971 to 2017, the drought trend of sugarcane was the strongest at the tilling stage, the second at the seedling stage, the weakest at the stem elongation stage, while the mature stage showed a wet trend. The wavelet analysis results showed that, for the time scale of 10 to15 a, there were about 4 to 6 dry-wet cycles in each sugarcane growth stages, and for the time scale of 0 to 5 a, dry-wet cycles alternation were more obvious. There were great differences in each growth period, and the change of stem elongation and seedling stage were more obvious than those of tilling stage and technological maturity stage. From the seedling stage to the maturity stage, the spatial distribution characteristics and variation rules of drought in the sugarcane growing areas in Guangxi were of great difference. Generally speaking, drought frequency is highest in maturity stage and lowest in tillering stage and similar in stem elongation and seedling stage. Frequency of light drought was high for all sugarcane growth stage and relative low for medium drought, severe drought and extreme drought, furthermore, frequency of middle drought was obviously higher in stem elongation stage and maturity stage than other growth stages. For sugarcane seedling stage and stem elongation stage, drought frequency was higher in northern Guangxi than other areas, while for tillering stage and maturity stage, drought frequency was higher in central Guangxi.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Climate change - Disaster prevention - Disasters - Elongation - Evapotranspiration - Soil moisture - Sugar cane - Sugar industry - Time measurement - Wavelet analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Distribution characteristics - Drought characteristics - Growth period - Meteorological disasters - Significance levels - Spatial and temporal variation - Spatial technologies - Temporal and spatial evolutions
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822 Food Technology - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20194707708169
Title:Ecological evaluation of large-scale biogas engineering with biogas slurry recycle mode based on emergy analysis method
Title of translation:基于能值分析的规模化沼气工程沼液回流工艺生态效益评价
Authors:Chen, Li (1); Cui, Zhiyang (1); Dong, Renjie (1); Liu, Mingyang (1); Ju, Xinxin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Shandong Zhongnong March Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai; 264006, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:228-234
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biogas project is a kind of powerful tool for dealing with and utilizing the waste of livestock, and it is crucial to the development of China where the livestock production has been up to 85.378 million tons, while A large amount of biogas slurry will be produced in the process of biogas project operation. If excessive quantities of biogas slurry directly apply to the land, it will be harmful to the environment. How to properly dispose the biogas slurry is the problem which must be solved in the biogas project development process and the technical operation mode should be studied in order to improve its efficiency. At present, recirculation is a common way to reduce the influence of biogas slurry to environment, and appropriate biogas slurry recirculation can improve the stability of fermentation system, reduce the use of groundwater and avoid secondary pollution, but the biogas slurry perennial recirculation will cause lower gas production and choke the pipeline. Emergy analysis was selected in this research in order to compare these two technology modes which were biogas slurry recirculation and no slurry recirculation, however, the application of emergy analysis in biogas project was not mature, there was no difference of transformity between livestock manures and no appropriate emergy distribution method for multi-products output system. In view of this, 'relative emergy transformity' had been introduced to differentiate the emergy transformity of chicken and cow manures, ecological input emergy had been introduced to measure the influence of biogas slurry excessive application on the environment, and a method to distribute the output emergy of biogas, slurry and digestate also had been given in this paper. Moreover, two representative biogas plants were selected as cases for study, researchers had observed those two plants for one year, and had done some relative experiments to get data and monitor its status. Each plant, in particular, was designed in two kinds of modes, slurry recirculation or not, to use for contrast and the two plants were analyzed and compared in details by emergy evaluation index system. The results showed that the values of evaluation indexes of biogas plant D were better than L and the mode of no slurry recirculation was better than recirculation, but the recirculation mode can reduce the pollution to the surrounding environment where the biogas slurry had no way to be used. Through the comparative analysis of the two kinds of modes, the value of ELR(environment load rate) could be decreased dramatically from 2.15 to 1.05 by using the recirculation mode in plant L, and the value of ESI(emergy sustainability index) could be increased significantly from 0.41 to 0.93, so the technical mode should be chosen according to conditions and environment of the biogas plant. It is suggested that the dispose of one ton of chicken manure VS by biogas plant should be equipped with 0.5 hm<sup>2</sup>/t land, and the dispose of one ton of cow manure VS is 0.2 hm<sup>2</sup>/t, thus the biogas plant should properly use the recirculation mode of the slurry when the surrounding land is less than its need.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Animals - Fertilizers - Groundwater - Groundwater pollution - Manures - Pollution control - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological evaluation - Emergy analysis - Fermentation systems - Livestock production - Slurry recirculation - Surrounding environment - Sustainability index - Transformity
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20194707710652
Title:Design of crawler type corn combine harvester for whole plastic film mulching on double ridges in arid regions
Title of translation:旱区全膜双垄沟播履带式玉米联合收获机的设计
Authors:Xin, Shanglong (1); Zhao, Wuyun (1); Dai, Fei (1); Shi, Linrong (1); Li, Dong (1); Lü, Deyu (2); Ma, Haijun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Shandong Fengshen Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd., Dezhou; 253300, China; (3) Gansu Tao River Tractor Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Dingxi; 730500, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Wuyun(zhaowy@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-11
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The technology of corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges has become the main production mode of corn planting in arid regions of Northwest China, which provides an effective technical way for corn yield stabilization. Compared with the vertical roller corn combine harvester, the traditional horizontal roller corn combine harvester is not easy to achieve both ear and stalk under this cultivation mode. The existing vertical roller corn combine harvester has some problem such as unstable walking on ridges, high ear loss rate on cutting platform, and inconsistent quality of stalk cutting with feeding requirements when harvesting in the field. In order to solve the stability of the ridge harvester, we adopted a crawler type walking device, and then designed a vertical corn harvester cutting platform to achieve the recovery of corn stalk while harvesting corn ears. Asymmetric vertical snapping roller double roll harvesting structure was designed in this study. It could meet the requirements of corn full-film double ridges furrow sowing. And both ear and stalk could harvest at the same time, which can improve the utilization rate of straw. And the harvesting mechanism of vertical corn harvester cutting platform "gap clamping - inclined feeding - sliding picking" was summarized. The orthogonal combination experiment of secondary rotation was carried out by using a vertical heading test prototype, taking the forward speed of the machine, the rotation speed of drive sprocket, the diameter of snapping roller and the rotation speed of cutter shaft as the influencing factors. And the ear loss rate and the qualified rate of cutting stalk were the evaluation parameters. Through the Design-Expert 8.0.6 data analysis software, the mathematical regression model of each influencing factor and index was established, the relationship between the significant factor and the evaluation index was analyzed, and the test parameters were optimized. The optimum parameters of the optimization model were determined as follows: when the forward speed of the machine was 3.8 m/s, the rotation speed of the drive sprocket was 1 150 r/min, the diameter of snapping roller was 82 mm, and the rotation speed of cutter shaft was 1 650 r/min, the ear loss rate was 2.61%, and the qualified rate of the cutting stalk was 92.81%. The optimum model was close to the average ear loss rate of 2.8% and the average qualified rate of the cutting stalk of 93.1% obtained from field validation test, which met the requirements of corn harvest in arid regions of China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Arid regions - Cultivation - Design - Digital storage - Harvesters - Harvesting - Machine design - Optimization - Parameter estimation - Plastic films - Regression analysis - Rollers (machine components) - Rotation - Software testing - Speed - Sprockets - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Corn - Data analysis softwares - Evaluation parameters - Field validation tests - Optimization modeling - Optimum parameters - Plastic film mulching
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.5 Computer Applications - 817.1 Polymer Products - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.61e+00%, Percentage 2.80e+00%, Percentage 9.28e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.15e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.65e+03RPM, Size 8.20e-02m, Velocity 3.80e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20194707707841
Title:Design of single-degree-of-freedom four-bar seedling-taking and throwing manipulator
Title of translation:单自由度四连杆取投苗机械臂设计
Authors:Dang, Yugong (1, 3); Jin, Xin (2); Li, Hengjin (4); Wang, Jun (2); Lu, Yangben (4); Ding, Bowen (1); Li, Xue (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Vehicle & Transportation Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing, Henan Province, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (4) School of Mechatronics Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xin(jx.771@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:39-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the demand for vegetables is increasing, and by the advantages of climate compensation and early growth of crops, seedling transplanting technology has become the main means to ensure the increase of vegetable production. But seedling raising and transplanting belong to labor-intensive operation, which is time-consuming and labor-consuming, low efficiency and high cost. Therefore, in order to promote seedling transplanting technology, vegetable transplanting mechanization must be carried out. As a key component of transplanting machinery, seedling taking and throwing mechanism has become the focus of research by scholars at home and abroad. Aiming at the problems of the complex structure and high manufacturing cost of the automatic seedling-picking mechanism of vegetable seedlings, in this paper, an open hinge four-bar mechanism for seedling taking and throwing manipulator was designed. Through the analysis of mechanical characteristics of seedlings, the basis for shape design of seedling claws was provided. According to the working process of artificial seedling taking and throwing and the existing seedling taking and throwing mechanism, the design requirements of seedling fetching mechanism were formulated. The motion path of the mechanism and the motion of each pair were planned and designed,the planetary gear train was used to restrain the rotating pair consisting of connecting rod 1 and connecting rod 2, cam high pair mechanism was used to restrain the rotating pair consisting of connecting rod 2 and connecting rod 3, cam mechanism was also used to control the movement of seedling claw opening and closing and the seedling pusher. Finally, a single-degree-of-freedom fully mechanical seedling taking and throwing mechanism was designed, which significantly reduced the cost and improved the reliability of the work, and made the seedling taking and throwing mechanism suitable for harsh working environment of farmland. The coordinate system and mathematical model of the seedling-taking mechanism were established, and the trajectory of each connecting rod was calculated with MATLAB, and the motion trajectory of the mechanism was simulated and analyzed. The simulated results showed that the simulation results were consistent with the design requirements. Detailed structural design of the seedling taking and throwing mechanism was carried out, and the experimental prototype was made. The motion trajectory of the grasping point of the seedling claw of the seedling-feeding mechanism was analyzed by high-speed camera, and the imaging results showed that the trajectory of the grasping point of the seedling claw was similar to the trajectory of the theoretical simulation results. The transplanting experiment was carried out with the prototype, and 3 groups of experiments were organized and 3 plates of seedlings were continuously grabbed and put in each group. The overall success rate of transplanting seedlings was 91.32%, the damage rate of bowl was 3.13%, and the reliability of the mechanism was high. The design of this mechanism provides a fully automatic method for seedling taking and throwing, and provides a reference for the full automation research of transplanting equipment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Degrees of freedom (mechanics)
Controlled terms:Bars (metal) - Cams - Connecting rods - Design - Epicyclic gears - High speed cameras - Manipulators - Manufacture - MATLAB - Mechanization - Structural design - Trajectories - Transplants - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Cam mechanism - Experimental prototype - Four-bar mechanisms - Labor-intensive operations - Mechanical characteristics - Planetary gear train - Seedling transplanting - Single degree of freedoms
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 462.4 Prosthetics - 535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 601 Mechanical Design - 742.2 Photographic Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.13e+00%, Percentage 9.13e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20194707707862
Title:Summer maize phenology monitoring based on normalized difference vegetation index reconstructed with improved maximum value composite
Title of translation:基于改进最大值法合成NDVI的夏玉米物候期遥感监测
Authors:Li, Yan (1, 2); Zhang, Chengcai (1); Luo, Weiran (1); Gao, Wenjiang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Zhengzhou Vocational College of Industrial Safety, Zhengzhou; 451192, China; (3) Dengfeng City Water Department, Dengfeng; 452470, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Chengcai(zhangcc2000@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:159-165
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop phenology period is an important feature of the agriculture eco-system. Using remote sensing technology to monitor crop phenology accurately and timely, which plays an important supporting role in effective assessment of crop growth trends, improving the information management level of agricultural conditions and providing technical support for precision agriculture. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can well describe the growth process of different types of vegetation, which is the most frequently used data in crop phenology. In this paper, NDVI is extracted from 8-day synthetic data of MODIS in 2016. The time series of NDVI is not continuous in time and space due to the influence of air pollution, it is necessary to smooth the remote sensing time series data which represent the vegetation growth process before the phenology study. Then according to the characteristics of vegetation growth curve, the phenology information is extracted after removing noise of time series data. Maximum value composite (MVC) is widely used in the initial de-noising process of NDVI because of its simple calculation and convenient use, but it is prone to large errors for continuous multi-day cloudy weather. An improved MVC is proposed for the preprocessing of MODIS NDVI time series data in this paper, which is very convenient and does not require additional parameters. The new NDVI time series data can be constructed by extracting NDVI from positive and reverse sequence on growth time series in a fixed interval and then synthesizing it. The reconstructed NDVI time series data are filtered by S-G filter to further eliminate the noise, and then the growth curve of summer maize is reconstructed by logistic function fitting. Finally, the jointing and maturity stages of summer maize are extracted by curvature, and the emergence and tasseling stages of summer maize are extracted by dynamic threshold. Compared with the observed results, the absolute errors of different phenology starting time of summer maize obtained by improved MVC method is less than that of traditional MVC method. Especially the emergence stage, the absolute error of improved MVC method is reduced by 4.5 d. The absolute errors of phenology on summer maize using improved MVC are 3.72, 5, 1.06 and 1.26 d at emergence, jointing, tasseling and maturity stages, respectively. The absolute errors of that by traditional MVC method in subsequent phenology periods aere 8.22, 5.72, 2.78 and 5 d, respectively. From the spatial distribution maps of different phenology periods of summer maize, it can be seen that the starting time of summer maize emergence stage in the study area is relatively concentrated, generally starting from 166 d to 170 d base on the day of year (DOY), namely 15 June to 18 June. Jointing stage generally starts from 185 d to 190 d, namely 3 July to 8 July. Most of the areas in the study area enter the stage of tasseling from 208 d to 212 d, that is, from 25 July to 29 July. A large area of summer maize begins to enter the maturity stage from around 251 d, that is, on September 7. In spatial distribution, the northwest of the canal head in the study area is slightly ahead of the southeast on phenology period. It can be said that using improved MVC to extract NDVI time series data of crops can effectively remove the impact of continuous cloud and fog on vegetation index, improving the accuracy of monitoring crop phenology, providing support for precision agriculture.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Data mining
Controlled terms:Crops - Curve fitting - Errors - Information management - Monitoring - Precision agriculture - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Space optics - Spatial distribution - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Curvature method - Dynamic threshold - Logistic models - Phenology - Summer maize
Classification code:656.1 Space Flight - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.19e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20194707708139
Title:Effect mechanism of long-term straw returning on shrinkage characteristic in typical Shajiang black soil
Title of translation:长期秸秆还田对典型砂姜黑土胀缩特性的影响机制
Authors:Wang, Qingyun (1, 2); Chen, Jing (1); Yang, Yuanzhao (1); Chai, Rushan (1); Ye, Xinxin (1); Gao, Hongjian (1); Ma, Donghao (2); Zhang, Jiabao (2); Zhou, Yunpeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Hongjian(hjgao@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:119-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Shajiang black soil is a typical low yield soil and widely distributes in North China Plain, which is the main production area of winter wheat and summer maize. Being prone to swell-shrinking is one of the most typical attribute obstacle factors for the improvement of Shajiang black soil fertilizer, due to the higher clay content dominated by a typical 2:1 clay mineral like montmorillonites. In recent years, soil fertility and quality were obviously improved by straw returning which has been commonly implemented in the plain. This paper studied the influence mechanism of straw returning on the shrinkage and swelling characteristic of Shajiang black soil under a long-term localization experiment (From 2007 to 2017). Five treatments were designed in the field experiment: none fertilizer and straw control (CK), conventional NPK fertilizer (F), conventional NPK fertilizer with maize straw returning (MSF), conventional NPK fertilizer with wheat straw returning (WSF) and conventional NPK fertilizer with wheat-maize double cropping straw returning (WMSF). In May 2017, soil samples were collected by soil wreath knife before harvesting winter wheat. The intact soil was used to determine soil bulk density (SBD), filed moisture capacity (FC) and the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE). The partial intact soil was saturated by water for 8 hours firstly, then dried to constant weight at 105℃. During the procedure, soil specific volume and mass water content were determined to fit with the three straight lines model. From the model, soil shrinking process was divided into the structural section, normal section and residual section, which represents soil macropore, mesopore and capillary pore, respectively. The results showed that soil total and available nutrition (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) levels increased as the following rule: CK<F<MSF<WSF≈WMSF, which were similar to the content changes of soil organic matter and FC, contrary to SBD. Under different treatments, a similar change was exhibited between soil specific volume difference values and COLE, which had significantly positive relations with soil organic matter (SOM). The reduction of soil specific volume mainly occurred in normal section and residual section. The average contents of soil water in structural section (0.11±0.02) g/g and residual section (0.17±0.02) g/g were much higher than normal section (0.06±0.01) g/g. Under the different straw returning, especially in the MSF treatment, the structural section preserved high water content, but soil specific volumes didn't change. Conclusively, soil quality, especially the accumulation of SOM was obviously improved by the joint application of chemical fertilization and straw returning. SOM accumulation enhanced soil shrinkage due to its own shrinking characteristics, but this accumulation could remarkably increase soil water and nutrition capacity, which was conducive to weaken the clay shrinkage, a negative property. SOM content and water holding capacity, especially in soil capillary pore, were remarkably promoted by wheat straw due to its easy degradation. However, maize stalk was respectively weaker to promote SOM content than wheat straw owing to its difficult degradation, and it easier contributes to holding water in soil macropore. Hence, wheat-maize double cropping straw returning was more advisable to increase SOM content and optimize soil structure, so as to improve soil water and nutrition holding capacity.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Clay minerals - Crops - Nutrition - Organic compounds - Plants (botany) - Shrinkage - Soil moisture - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Black soil - Different treatments - Returning - Shrinkage and swellings - Shrinkage characteristic - Soil organic matters - Soil shrinkage - Water holding capacity
Classification code:461.7 Health Care - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 2.88e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20194707708238
Title:Remote sensing analysis on gully morphology and spatial distribution in rolling hilly region and mountainous and hilly region of Northeast China
Title of translation:东北漫川漫岗和山地丘陵黑土区侵蚀沟形态特征遥感分析
Authors:Li, Zhen (1, 2); Qin, Wei (1, 3); Qi, Zhiguo (2); Shang, Guofei (2); Ma, Qingtao (2); Guo, Qiankun (1, 3); Yin, Zhe (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) School of Land Resources and Urban and Rural Planning, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang; 050031, China; (3) Research Center on Soil and Water Conservation of the Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Wei(qinwei_office@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:133-140
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil region of the northeastern China, and has posed a threat to food security. There are 295 663 gullies present in this region according to calculations of the results of the first-ever nationwide water resources survey, and 88.9% of the gullies were active. Besides, morphological characteristics of gully are important for both representing environmental factors of the development of the gully and for understanding the mechanism of the gully erosion. However, information on characterizing morphological parameters of gully (e.g. gully length, gully width, gully area) using the remote sensing images with resolution would be higher than 0.61 m is not available. The aim of this paper was to explore the gully morphological characteristics, based on high-resolution remote sensing images (e.g. QuickBird (0.61 m),GeoEye-1 (0.5 m),Worldview 2 (0.5 m)), and to give an analysis on spatial distribution properties. In this research, 113 and 74 gullies were selected in the rolling hilly region and mountainous and hilly region of northeast China, respectively, and the values of morphological parameters extracted from the high-resolution remote sensing images, and then the gully length (L, m), gully width (W, m), gully perimeter (P, m), gully area (A, m<sup>2</sup>), and shape index (SI) were extracted by manual visual interpretation. The digital elevation model (ASTGTM2, 30 m) data were combined with data on gullies occurring on farmland with different slopes and aspects to analyze the distribution of these features, and GIS spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis methods were employed in this study. The results showed that the average values of the gully length, gully width, gully perimeter and gully area were 412.8 m, 14.7 m, 917.4 m, 7 309.8 m<sup>2</sup> in the rolling hilly region. Respectively, those of parameters were 309.9 m,7.8 m, 683.1 m, and 2934.1 m<sup>2</sup> in the mountainous and hilly region, and there was no significant (P>0.05) difference between the two regions (one-way ANOVA). The average value of the ratio between gully width and length in the mountainous and hilly region was greater than the rolling hilly region, indicating the gullies were much longer and thinner, and, subsequently, the SI in the mountainous and hilly region was much greater, which indicated the position of gully boundary was more complex in this region. Morphological parameters of gully initially increased with increasing slope up to some threshold value, then decreased as the slope increased further. Within the range of 3 - 6°, morphological parameters of gully were to reach the highest. The smaller the gradient of the gully was, the more complex the gully boundary was. In this study,morphological parameters of gully in southwest and southeast aspect were much larger than the other aspect, indicating that the intensive gully erosion in sunny slope or semi-sunny slope. The results can not only reveal the law of morphological parameter differentiation of gully erosion and help predict their spatial development, but also determine the erosive gully prone area and control gully erosion.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Erosion - Food supply - Morphology - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution - Spatial variables measurement - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Digital elevation model - Gully - High resolution remote sensing images - Morphological characteristic - Morphological parameters - Mountainous and hilly region - Region of northeast chinas - Topographic factor
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 481.1 Geology - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Area 2.93e+03m2, Area 3.10e+02m2, Percentage 8.89e+01%, Size 1.47e+01m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 3.10e+02m, Size 4.13e+02m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 6.10e-01m, Size 6.83e+02m, Size 9.17e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20194707707847
Title:Airflow improving foam berry pulp microwave drying uniformity and energy efficiency
Title of translation:气流改善泡沫树莓果浆微波干燥均匀性提高能量利用率
Authors:Zheng, Xianzhe (1); Qin, Qingyu (1); Wang, Lei (1); Zhu, Yong (1); Shen, Liuyang (1); Fu, Hanyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:280-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the drying quality and the utilization of microwave energy for the raspberry drying processing, a combination method including theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and bench test is employed to study the effects of the synergic action of ventilation and microwave drying on the drying uniformity and the utilization rate of microwave energy for foamed pulp. The results showed that the heat transfer and mass transfer process of foamed pulp were depended on the synergistic drying process of ventilation and microwave, which were apparent thermal conductivity, the coefficient of gas percolation, the thermal conductivity of gas phase and the thermal conductivity of liquid phase, respectively. The heat conduction and the moisture transfer of foamed pulp were related to the changes of the coefficient of heat transfer and mass transfer of foamed pulp under microwave drying. In addition, the temperature and moisture content of foamed pulp directly influence the dielectric properties of foamed pulp, which determine the absorption of microwave energy (AME) of the material. The ratio of heat convection amount at the boundary of the material layer to the heat conduction amount inside the material layer (RVD) were introduced to characterize the synergistic effect of ventilation and microwave for the drying of raspberry pulp. The results showed that the synergistic effect of ventilation and microwave has a positive effect at RVD less than 27.79 to promote the utilization rate of microwave energy (URME), other than the synergistic effect reducing the utilization rate of microwave energy. The ventilation flow air could take away the steam from the foam pulp, and reduce the pressure of wet air on the surface of the material, which accelerated the evaporation of water and the emergence and rupture of the bubble of the foamed pulp. The phenomenon of bubble boiling inside raspberry pulp enhances the heat and mass transfer process to improve the distribution uniformity of temperature (DUT) and moisture content (DUM). Ventilation velocity less than 1.5 m/s had a significant positive influence on the drying uniformity inside material layer. However, no significant effect was found the ventilation velocity higher than 1.5 m/s on the drying uniformity. Ventilation velocity of 1.5 m/s was developed as the reasonable level with highest drying efficiency and the utilization rate of microwave energy. Compared with no ventilation, ventilation velocity of 1.5 m/s improved the URME, AME, DUT and DUM to 17.57%, 20%, 19% and by 27%, respectively. The research results meet the requirements of drying production of berries with low consumption of energy and high quality, which also provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of microwave foam in drying technology for berries.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Design for testability - Dielectric properties - Energy efficiency - Energy utilization - Foams - Fruits - Heat conduction - Heat convection - Mass transfer - Microwave heating - Microwaves - Models - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Numerical methods - Solvents - Thermal conductivity of gases - Velocity - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent thermal conductivity - Combination method - Distribution uniformity - Heat and mass transfer process - Heat transfer and mass transfers - Synergistic effect - Uniformity - Ventilation velocity
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641 Heat and Mass Transfer; Thermodynamics - 643.5 Ventilation - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 711.1 Electromagnetic Waves in Different Media - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.76e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20194707710696
Title:Effect of feed concentration on continuous stirred anaerobic fermentation characteristics with mixed corn straw and cow manures
Title of translation:进料浓度对玉米秸秆与牛粪全混式厌氧发酵特征影响研究
Authors:Feng, Jing (1); Zhao, Lanlan (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Luo, Juan (1); Chen, Jiankun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Universal, Daqing; 163319, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:221-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, most biogas projects in China use crop straw and animal manures as the main raw materials, however, there is still a lack of reference and support for the process control of the actual biogas project, especially for the control of the feed mix of biogas plants. In this study, two kinds of common materials, corn stalk and cow dung, were used as the influent with different mixed ratio under the medium temperature conditions. The mixed ratio of straw and cow manure (S:CM, as TS ratio) was adjusted to 1:1, 1:3, 3:1, while the reactors with straw and cow manure were as the controls. The CSTR started at the condition of TS=3%, then the TS was increased to 6% and 8% sequentially. The effects of different feeds on the operation characteristics of biogas engineering such as gas production, methane content, pH value, ORP (oxidation reduction potential), volatile acids were systematically discussed. The results showed that the biogas production of the reactors with straw or cow manure was significantly lower than that with mixture. And the biogas production rate increased with the increasing of TS. Under the conditions of TS=8%, the reactor with influent of S:CM=3:1 got the peak biogas production rate of 0.78 L/(L•d) after 130 d running, and that with influent of S:CM=1:1 got its peak biogas production of 0.76 L/(L•d) after 150 d running. As the TS in the reactor was increased to 8%, the pH values in the five reactors did not change significantly after increasing the concentration, indicating that there was still a certain buffering capacity in the reactor. Then, with the continuous operation of the reactor, the pH value in the reactor gradually decreased on the 170th day, and the pH value in the five reactors decreased to about 6.5 in 180 days. The pH value decrease led to a decrease in the gas production rate of the reactors. The biogas production rate decreased to 0.6 L/(L•d) with a decreased pH value to 6.5. This was mainly because under the constant stirring power condition, as the concentration of the materials in the reactor increased, the stirring speed was reduced, and problems such as stirring dead zone and scum were occurred in the reactors, resulting in acidification in the reactor. This in turn caused the system to be unstable overall. During the startup, the ORP of all the five reactors showed a slowly rising trend. After 172 d running, the ORP in the reactor with S:CM=1:1 rapidly increased to above -300 mV. Overall, the concentration of VFAs in the anaerobic system increased with the increasing proportion of straw in the feed-in materials. Moreover, the accumulation of propionic acid occurred and became more serious as the proportion of straw in the feed-in material increased. This result showed that the biogas plants with more straw might ran at more unstable conditions, compared with those feeding in mixture of straw and manure.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Fermentation - Fertilizers - Manures - Mixtures - pH - Propionic acid - Redox reactions - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Biogas production rates - Buffering capacities - Continuous operation - Operation characteristic - ORP (oxidation reduction potential) - Total solids - Unstable conditions
Classification code:801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.93e-01yr, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Voltage -3.00e-01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20194707708205
Title:Parameter optimization of height limiting device for comb-type safflower harvesting machine
Title of translation:梳夹式红花采收机等高限位装置参数优化
Authors:Cao, Weibin (1); Yang, Shuangping (1); Li, Shufeng (1); Jiao, Haobo (1); Lian, Guodang (1); Niu, Chi (1); An, Liangliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Safflower is a kind of high-value economic crop, but due to its growth characteristics, it is very difficult to realize mechanized harvesting. At present, the mechanized harvesting technology of safflower has some disadvantages, for example, precise position is required, which means the labor intensity is still large. Therefore comb-type safflower harvesting device was been designed, which was expected to achieve mechanized blind mining and reduce labor costs. When it's working, it pushed the moving teeth by the pre-tightening force of the spring in the cam returning section, so that the moving teeth and the fixed teeth were closed, and the filament was clamped. The rotation of the main shaft driven the clamped filament to rotate, and the pulling action of the filament was completed. In the cam lift section, the push rod was topped, the spring was pressed, the moving teeth was separated from the fixed teeth, the filament was dropped, and the harvesting work was completed. In order to further study the comb-type device and improve the work quality for the comb-type machine, the height limiting device for comb-type safflower harvesting machine was designed, which was a limit rod mounted under the comb-type picking head and could be adjusted by the mounting plates on both sides. This device could stabilize the safflower flower ball, making it easier for the filament to enter the comb-type picking teeth gap, thereby increasing the recovery rate. At the same time, by limiting the position of the flower ball, the device could also reduce the damage to the flower ball. In this test, a single comb-type picking device and its corresponding height limiting device were used to analyze the effect of the height limiting device on the picking of individual flower filaments. The experiment chose the safflower of "Yu Min stingless" as the object. In order to determine the operation parameters of height limiting device for comb-type safflower harvesting machine, according to its structural parameters and working parameters, the response surface experiment with 3 factors and 5 levels was completed on the height limiting device for comb-type safflower harvesting machine. 3 parameters, including comb-type picking head speed, limit rod mounting angle and limit gap were selected as the input variables, and removal rate, drop rate and damage rate of the flower ball were selected as the output parameters. Quadratic orthogonal rotary regressive experimental design was employed to develop the second order polynomial regression model, which explained the relationship between the input and output parameters. By the Design Expert 10 software, the corresponding mathematical regression model was established, the influence of significant factor on the quality of operation was analyzed, and the experimental parameters were optimized. The optimal combination of parameters determined was as follows: comb-type picking head speed was 83 r/min, limit rod mounting angle was 2° and limit gap was 3 mm. From the results of predicting model, the average of removal rate was 90.01%, the drop rate was 2.23% and the damage rate of the flower ball was 1.92%. In order to verify the feasibility of the parameter matching, with the optimal parameters, the verification test of the machine was done on the safflower after the flowering between 1-5 d. The results showed that, under the combination of optimization parameters, the average of removal rate was 89.73%, the drop rate was 2.13% and the damage rate of flower ball is 2.05%. The experimental results had little difference with the results predicted by the model. Though the safflower harvesting experiments, the height limiting device for comb-type safflower harvesting machine was basically consistent with the technical requirement. The research results can provide reference for the comb-type picking machine.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Harvesting
Controlled terms:Cams - Drops - Harvesters - Mechanization - Mountings - Optimization - Regression analysis - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Comb-type - Combination of optimizations - Experimental analysis - Experimental parameters - Parameter optimization - Pre-tightening forces - Second-order polynomial - Technical requirement
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.4 Personnel - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.92e+00%, Percentage 2.05e+00%, Percentage 2.13e+00%, Percentage 2.23e+00%, Percentage 8.97e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.30e+01RPM, Size 3.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20194707710707
Title:Physicochemical characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of hydrothermal carbon from natural Scenedesmus
Title of translation:天然微藻水热炭理化特性及热解动力学研究
Authors:Liu, Huihui (1); Qu, Lei (1); Chen, Yingquan (1); Zhang, Wennan (2); Yang, Haiping (1); Wang, Xianhua (1); Chen, Hanping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) Department of Chemical Engineering, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall; SE-85170, Sweden
Corresponding author:Wang, Xianhua(wangxianhua@hust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:235-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the utilization of natural microalgae, the natural Scenedesmus was selected to carry out hydrothermal carbonization experiments, and the characterization of its hydrochars was determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results showed that the ash content of natural Scenedesmus was 44.66%, and the lipid and protein content of natural Scenedesmus were 1.4% and 15.1%, respectively. The natural microalgae ash components were mostly water-insoluble components. The main components included (Mg<inf>0.064</inf>Ca<inf>0.936</inf>CO<inf>3</inf>), SiO<inf>2</inf>, NaCl, Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>, CaSO<inf>4</inf>, Mg<inf>3</inf>S<inf>2</inf>O<inf>8</inf>(OH)<inf>2</inf>. After hydrothermal carbonization treatment, NaCl was dissolved in water, and the water-insoluble components were enriched in hydrochars. Compared with the natural Scenedesmus, the ash content of hydrochars increased, in the range from 57.41% to 71.47%. It was worth noting that the natural Scenedesmus and its derived hydrochars had no fixed carbon. With the increase of hydrothermal temperature, the hydrothermal carbon yield decreased from 47.29% (180℃) to 43.01% (240℃). This phenomenon was on account of the organic components in the natural Scenedesmus underwent hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, aromatization, condensation and polymerization. The carbon remaining ratio was the largest, the oxygen was the smallest, and the remaining ratios of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen decreased as the hydrothermal temperature increased. For HC-240, the removal rates of H and O were 69.88% and 93.88%, respectively, and the C remaining ration rate was 33.97%. The O/C molar ratio of hydrochars decreased from 1.45 to 0.28. Dehydration and decarboxylation were the main pathways in hydrothermal carbonization of the natural Scenedesmus, and the demethylation pathway was negligible. Oxygen was removed in the form of H<inf>2</inf>O and CO<inf>2</inf>. The degree of carbonization was enhanced and hydrochars had the potential to be applied to solid fuels. Since hydrochars contained a large amount of ash, its calorific value was in the range of 8.43-9.67 MJ/kg. Hence, the pretreatment of deashing was a necessary process. The hydrothermal carbonization treatment effectively improved the pore structure of hydrochars, and the absorption-desorption capacity of hydrochars was obviously enhanced. Compared with natural Scenedesmus (4.36 m<sup>2</sup>/g), the specific surface area of hydrochars was in the range of 28.7-35.26 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The natural Scenedesmus had a dense block-like without pores or pathways. However, the morphologies of hydrochars changed significantly. The fragmentation and porosity of hydrochars increased, which attributed to the release of volatile matter during hydrothermal carbonization process and chemical bond decomposition of feedstock. The thermogravimetric analysis experiments were carried out to reveal the pyrolysis characteristics of hydrochars. It was found that the weight loss peak at 300℃ gradually disappeared with the increased of hydrothermal temperature. This was owing to the degree of natural Scenedesmus increased and the volatile matter content decreased. When the hydrothermal temperature was higher than 220℃, the maximum weight loss rate peak moved to the high temperature zone. The pyrolysis kinetics results showed that the thermal stability of hydrochars increased with the increase of hydrothermal temperature. The hydrochars were more hydrophobic than that of the natural Scenedesmus. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the resource utilization of natural microalgae.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Thermogravimetric analysis
Controlled terms:Algae - Alumina - Aluminum oxide - Carbon - Carbonization - Carboxylation - Dehydration - Enzyme kinetics - Fluorescence spectroscopy - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Fuels - Kinetics - Microorganisms - Molar ratio - Oxygen - Pore structure - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Silica - Sodium chloride - Thermochemistry - Thermodynamic stability - X ray powder diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental scanning electron microscopies (ESEM) - Hydrochar - Hydrothermal carbonization - Physicochemical characteristics - Pyrolysis characteristics - Scenedesmus - Thermogravimetric analyzers - X ray fluorescence spectroscopy
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.51e+01%, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Percentage 4.47e+01%, Percentage 5.74e+01% to 7.15e+01%, Percentage 6.99e+01%, Percentage 9.39e+01%, Specific_Energy 8.43e+06J/kg to 9.67e+06J/kg, Specific_Surface_Area 2.87e+04m2/kg to 3.53e+04m2/kg, Specific_Surface_Area 4.36e+03m2/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20194707707940
Title:Cooling effect of passive solar house with different cooling control modes during summer in rural areas of Xinjiang
Title of translation:新疆农村被动式太阳房夏季不同降温控制模式的降温效果
Authors:Xu, Xin (1); Li, Jie (1); Jiang, Shuguang (1); Dai, Jin (1); Wu, Mengyun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy & Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jie(18245526@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:198-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to the sustainable development, the passive solar energy heating technology has drawn much attention and been widely applied in buildings. For the high-level solar radiation and little rainfall in Xinjiang, China, the passive solar houses have an excellent effect of the heating collection in winter. However, the application of passive solar houses is limited owing to its prevailing overheating and low thermal comfort in summer. Hence, energy efficiency should be hanced by adopting energy-efficiency measures like natural ventilation and passive radiant floor cooling that decrease building energy consumption. Combined with strong solar radiation and large temperature gap difference between day and night, the effectiveness of various cooling measures of passive solar houses with different structures was studied in this paper. This work aimed to study the measures for the passive solar house to alleviate summer overheating, such as the daytime thermal driven ventilation, the night natural ventilation, and the passive radiant floor cooling etc. Moreover, the influence of cooling measures on indoor thermal comfort was analyzed. Two passive solar houses with different structures in Shihezi, Xinjiang were built as case studies and the cooling effects of the four modes were contrastively proposed. Among four modes, mode1 and mode2 were introduced for the experiment based on a traditional passive solar house without a basement. Mode1 was the room using thermal driven ventilation only. Mode 3 was the room using the daytime thermal driven ventilation and the night natural ventilation. Different from the traditional passive solar house, mode 3 and mode 4 were designed based on a passive solar house with a basement. Mode 3 was an operation mode similar to mode1, and mode 2 was similar to mode 4. The solar radiation heat gain from the south wall of mode1 was far greater than that from the heat gain of thermal driven ventilation, which could not fulfill the cooling requirements. Although solar radiation heat gain from the south wall of mode 3 was close to that from the heat gain of thermal driven ventilation, solar radiation heat gain from other enclosed elements could not be ignored. The heat absorbed by the enclosed elements was larger than that eliminated by the driven ventilation, which was the fundamental reason for the indoor overheating in summer. After the initial adoption, the indoor average temperature of mode 2 was 1.95℃ lower than that of mode1, and mode 4 was reduced by 2.04℃ than mode 3 under the same meteorological conditions. The heat flux from the basement to the floor was maintained between 7.2 and 8.7 W/m<sup>2</sup>, and the cooling load from the basement to the test room was about 10 560.97 kJ. The experiment results showed that it was found that for the passive solar house without a basement in rural areas of Xinjiang, the driven ventilation combined with the night ventilation cooling mode proposed in this paper could increase the proportion of time to meet thermally comfortable conditions at 80% acceptability by 35.04%. And the passive solar house with basement met thermally comfortable conditions at 80% acceptability for 85.80% of the time, which had almost achieved in the goal of summer cooling. These results may lead to the development of designing and distributing passive cooling technology during the summer.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Energy efficiency
Controlled terms:Cooling - Energy utilization - Floors - Heat flux - Houses - Rural areas - Solar buildings - Solar energy - Solar heating - Solar radiation - Thermal comfort - Ventilation - Walls (structural partitions)
Uncontrolled terms:Building energy consumption - Cooling requirements - Indoor thermal comfort - Meteorological condition - Natural ventilation - Radiant floor cooling - Solar house - Thermal driven
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.3 Residences - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643 Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 643.5 Ventilation - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena
Numerical data indexing:Energy 5.61e+05J, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.58e+01%, Surface_Power_Density 7.20e+00W/m2 to 8.70e+00W/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20194707710697
Title:Time-series LAI simulation of winter wheat based on WOFOST model calibrated by SCE and assimilated by EnKF
Title of translation:SCE标定结合EnKF同化遥感和WOFOST模型模拟冬小麦时序LAI
Authors:Xu, Wei (1); Qin, Qiming (1); Zhang, Tianyuan (1); Long, Zehao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Peking University, Beijing; 100871, China
Corresponding author:Qin, Qiming(qmqin@pku.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:166-173
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:WOFOST (world food studies) model can be used to simulate time-series LAI (leaf area index), the organs' biomass, and the yields of winter wheat. Therefore, it is meaningful for the growth monitoring and production prediction of winter wheat. So far, the calibration of WOFOST usually relies on researches' experience, which brings many problems while using the model in a specific area. As a result, we focus on the calibration problem and try to improve the accuracy of the simulated results in this paper. The potential production WOFOST was analyzed and LAI was chosen as the measure index because it was easy to obtain. In this study, we selected Hengshui as the study area, and two field experiments were carried out in this area during two different periods. One period was from 2017-03-29 to 2017-04-01 and the other was from 2017-05-04 to 2017-05-06. It was divided into 11 sampling areas and 5 sampling points in every area were obtained to measure the LAI, so we got approximately 110 measured data totally. A method called 'Calibrating in area by optimization and correcting at pixel by assimilation' was presented in this paper. Firstly, calibrating WOFOST model in local area: The weather data including sunshine duration data and the maximum and minimum air temperature data every day were used to run the WOFOST model. The data were from Nangong National Weather Station and can be downloaded in National Meteorological Information Center. Then the sensitivity of model parameters can be analyzed with EFAST (extend fourier amplitude sensitivity test) and the 5 most sensitive parameters were selected to optimize the model. It was worthwhile to note that there were different indices to evaluate the sensitivity of every parameter, such as main effect, interaction, and total effect, and the total effect was considered as the most important index in this study. As for the optimization, the SCE (shuffled complex evolution) algorithm was used which could find the global optimal solution fastly. It can solve the initial value dependence problem and local convergence problem which might exist in other optimization algorithms such as MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo). In order to proof that the optimization was valid, the time-series LAI curves simulated were compared by WOFOST before and after optimization with SCE with measured values. It turned out the model after optimization was much more appropriate to simulate the growth of winter wheat in study area. Secondly, assimilating the model in every pixel in the study area: We interpolated weather data from 21 National Weather Stations in Hebei Province in order to run WOFOST in every pixel. Based on this, EnKF (Ensemble Kalman Filter) was used to assimilate LAI in every pixel with the remote sensing data from Sentinel-2. As a result, we could get the time-series LAI curve at every pixel. The LAI curve at point HS01 was illustrated and it was obvious that assimilation made a difference in the simulation. Additionally, the simulated LAI distribution maps were illustrated in Hengshui at date of 2017-03-30 and 2017-05-05. And the simulated LAI values of the pixels according to the sampling points were extracted. By comparing the simulated LAI with measured LAI, we found that R<sup>2</sup> was increased from 0.70-0.83 to 0.87 and RMSE was decreased from 0.89-1.36 to 0.62. Therefore, the method proposed in this study solved the calibration problem and improved the accuracy of time-series LAI simulated compared with other studies. In addition, we provided specific theories and methods in every stage from calibration to application. It contributed to the application of WOFOST in our country.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Pixels
Controlled terms:Calibration - Crops - Curve fitting - Markov processes - Meteorology - Models - Remote sensing - Time series - Weather information services
Uncontrolled terms:Fourier amplitude sensitivity tests - Global optimal solutions - Markov Chain Monte-Carlo - Meteorological information - Optimization algorithms - Shuffled Complex Evolution - Winter wheat - WOFOST
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20194707708130
Title:Effect of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer regulation on nitrogen and rice yield in albic soil with different fertilities
Title of translation:秸秆还田及氮肥调控对不同肥力白浆土氮素及水稻产量影响
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1, 2); Liu, Feng (1); Chi, Fengqin (1); Jiao, Feng (3); Zhang, Chunfeng (4); Jiang, Hui (5); Li, Pengfei (6); Zhu, Baoguo (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (4) Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi; 154007, China; (5) Office of Academic Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (6) Qianjin Farm Modern Agricultural Development Center, Fujin; 156331, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:105-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Crop straw is a kind of carbon-rich energy material, which is important for maintaining and improving soil fertility and sustainable development of agriculture. According to the survey, the proportion of straw application in developed countries is above 70%, which is relatively lower in developing countries. The Sanjiang Plain is an important commodity grain base in China. While the main soil type of paddy field is albic soil. It is of great significance to carry out straw application experiment on albic soil. Early studies have shown that the average yields of albic soil paddy fields increased by 8.9% after the straw application for five consecutive years, but the study is limited to a specific plot. The effect of increasing the yield by the straw application on albic soils with different fertilities has not been reported. In this paper, albic soils with different fertilities were taken as tested soils, field comparison test method was adopted to perform straw mulching on high fertility albic soils, the straw was returned to field for three consecutive years from 2015 to 2017, the nitrogen fertilizer treatments was reduced by 10%, 20%, 30% according to the conventional application level of nitrogen fertilizer, and the experiment of returning straw to field and adding nitrogen fertilizer was carried on different fertility albic soils. This research compared the effect of continuous straw application to albic soils with different fertilities on rice yield though continuous investigation. The results showed that the continuous reduction of nitrogen by 10% in the high-fertility soil for three consecutive years increased the yield when compared with the control, increased by 0.1%-6.94%, the yield decreased when the application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased by more than 20% in the high fertility soil. In the first year of the implementation of straw application on the soils with high-fertilities, the yield increase by 4.47% compared with the control. In the second year, the yield of straw application and straw application + nitrogen treatment reduced by 4.02% and 31.86% respectively when compared with the control. The decreased range of application + nitrogen treatment was high; high-fertility soil was not suitable for the continuous straw application. In the second year, the yield of the straw application + nitrogen treatment on medium- and low-fertility soils increased by 1.48%, 4.52% compared with the control. When straw was returned to the field, the soil organic matter and nitrogen content were increased, and the amount of tillering in the early stage of rice was increased due to the high nitrogen content in high-fertility soil, the effective spike number of rice was reduced, the yield was reduced, the soil nitrogen was reduced after nitrogen reduction, the yield of rice was increased. The purpose of this study is to propose soil management techniques suitable for local conditions, so as to provide supporting field management techniques for the promotion of straw application in the paddy fields.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Developing countries - Industrial management - Nitrogen - Soils - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Developed countries - Different fertilities - Fertilizer regulation - High nitrogen content - Nitrogen treatment - Rice - Soil organic matters - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.2 Management
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.00e-01% to 6.94e+00%, Percentage 1.48e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 4.02e+00%, Percentage 4.47e+00%, Percentage 4.52e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20194707707861
Title:Agricultural internet of things data reconstruction based on K-nearest neighbor reconstruction algorithm improved by regularization penalty and spatio-temporal constraints
Title of translation:基于正则化与时空约束改进K最近邻算法的农业物联网数据重构
Authors:Wu, Huarui (1, 2); Li, Qingxue (1, 2); Miao, Yisheng (1, 2); Song, Yuling (3)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Li, Qingxue(liqx@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:183-189
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The internet of things (IoT) technology has been widely applied in the agriculture production monitoring. Accurate decision-making and environment regulation can be made based on monitoring results. However, data loss in agriculture wireless sensor networks is common due to noise, collision, unreliable link, and unexpected damage, which greatly reduces the quality of data acquisition and then affects the results of decision analysis. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed a data reconstruction method based on K nearest neighbor with regularization penalty constraints (KNN-RP). Firstly, the ridge regression method was used in order to regularize the least square factor. Secondly, there was a problem that it is difficult to get a unique solution due to the algorithmic error while the data matrix is not full-column rank. This could be improved by introducing a penalty term into the method. The combination of 1-norm and 2-norm could ensure the sparsity of the matrix as well as prevent the loss function from over-fitting. It is suitable for high-dimensional agricultural WSN (wireless sensor network) data reconstruction with high noise. Furthermore, the definition of time and space constraint matrix was determined according to the temporal and spatial stability of perceptual data in agricultural IoT. Finally, the K value was determined by model training to achieve the better reconstruction performance. A cross-validate experiment was done to evaluate the algorithm performance according to the greenhouse data samples. KNN (K nearest neighbor), KNN-inverse and DT (delaunay triangulation) algorithms were chosen for the performance comparison. In the element random loss case, the overall reconstruction error rate of the 4 algorithms increased with the increasing of data loss rate. The KNN and KNN-inverse had higher error rate when the data loss rate above 60% compared with the other 2 algorithms. Besides, the performance of KNN-RP was superior to the DT algorithm in both high and low data loss rates. In the block loss case, the reconstruction error rates of the 4 algorithms were close to the element random loss case, but reconstruction error rates increased faster than the element random loss case while the data loss rate increased. In the block loss case, the overall performance of KNN-RP was better than KNN and KNN-inverse, but lower than that of DT algorithm when the data loss rate was above 60%. The K value had a significant influence on the performance of KNN-RP. The reconstruction error of KNN-RP decreased first and then increased with the increasing of K value. For the stable parameter like temperature, the reconstruction error rate was less affected by K value. On the contrast, the reconstruction error rates of humidity and lightness data were more affected by K value. The reason maybe the humidity and lightness data changed faster than temperature. Considering all 3 parameters, temperature, humidity and lightness, the optimal K value was between 6 and 8. In summary, KNN-RP algorithm could effectively reconstruct the missing errors in the agricultural IoT, especially in element random loss case. The proposed algorithm improves the quality of perceptual data in agricultural IoT monitoring and may provide reference for agricultural production decision-making.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Internet of things
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Clustering algorithms - Data acquisition - Decision making - Learning algorithms - Least squares approximations - Matrix algebra - Models - Motion compensation - Nearest neighbor search - Quality control - Random errors - Regression analysis - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Cluster regression - Data reconfiguration - Delau-nay triangulations - Reconstruction algorithms - Spatio-temporal constraints - Temporal and spatial stability - WSN (wireless sensor network)
Classification code:716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis - 912.2 Management - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20194707710660
Title:Construction of quantitative indicator system of invulnerability for bionic spider-web farmland wireless sensor network
Title of translation:仿蛛网农田无线传感器网络抗毁性量化指标体系构建
Authors:Wang, Jun (1, 2); Du, Zhuangzhuang (1); He, Zhitao (1); Ji, Jiangtao (1, 2); Wang, Jiajia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Jiangtao(jjt0907@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:174-182
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Combining the unique advantages of spider web with communication technology of wireless sensor network, presents high research value and broad development prospects. Nevertheless, the traditional quantitative index of invulnerability can not accurately describe the coupling relationship and overall function of failed network components, which leads to the difficulty in effectively inheriting the invulnerability mechanism of the artificial spider web model. In this paper, a sort of quantitative index system of invulnerability was proposed based on average number of node paths and average usage number of nodes and links, as the indicators for evaluating the impact degree and weight assignment of failed network components. In order to investigate effectiveness and availability of the index system, 3 independent artificial spider web models were involved in simulation analysis. The simulation experiment showed that the average number of node paths, the average usage number of nodes, chord chains and spoke chains were in consistent with the approximate regulations for different scale artificial spider-web models. Among them, in the case of the failure of nodes, chord chains and spoke chains, the attenuation of average number of node paths had unidirectional diffusion, namely the failure only affected the outer layers of failure location. Meanwhile, the attenuation of average usage number of nodes, chord chains and spoke chains had bidirectional diffusivity, and the failure affected both inside and outside of the layer where it was located. It showed that there were obvious cross-coupling relations and inter-layer coupling correlation between nodes and links. At the same time, the failure of local components would affect the whole network, and the effect of the same layer and the adjacent layer was more significant, indicating that the failure process of artificial spider-web model had obvious cascade diffusion characteristics. Moreover, the number of node paths of any node was exponentially positively correlated with the scale of the model and the number of layers in which it was located. As the layer number increasing, the average usage times of nodes, chord chains and spoke chains gradually decreased, the inner layers decreased slightly, and the outer layers had significant downward trend. In conclusion, the index system could effectively quantify the invulnerability of artificial spider web model, and evaluate the weight proportion of each network component, and the nodes, chord and spoke chains account for 50%, 39.44% and 10.56% respectively. The weight ratio of the first layer node, chord chain and spoke chain reached 33.28%, and the outermost layer only accounted for 6.72%. It manifested that the importance of nodes and chord chains was much higher than that of spoke chains, and the components closer to the network center had had higher value. Compared with the traditional index, the index system proposed in this paper had unique advantages. Field experiment adopted 3 network deployment schemes consisting of one sink node and 12 common nodes respectively. Node energy consumption, packet loss rate, delay and hops were applied as the indicators. The results showed that spider web deployment had better invulnerability than non-overlapping clustering deployment and grid deployment. In addition, the failure of nodes would cause the increase of packet loss rate, delay time and hops of adjacent outer nodes, which was similar to the theoretical simulation results. Quantitative analysis of the invulnerability of artificial spider web model can provide useful guidance for optimizing the deployment of farmland wireless sensor network and achieving reliable applications.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Sensor nodes
Controlled terms:Bionics - Energy utilization - Farms - Models - Network components - Packet loss - Sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Communication technologies - Diffusion characteristics - Invulnerability - Overlapping clustering - Quantitative indicators - Quantitative indices - Spider web - Unidirectional diffusion
Classification code:461.1 Biomedical Engineering - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 3.33e+01%, Percentage 3.94e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.72e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20194707708281
Title:Using ground penetrating radar combined with borehole to detect soil profile and water content in coal mining subsidence area
Title of translation:探地雷达结合钻孔探测采煤塌陷区土壤剖面层次及含水率
Authors:Wu, Zhiyuan (1); Peng, Suping (1); Cui, Fan (1); Nie, Junli (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Lab of Karst Environment and Geohazard, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:243-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, to analyze the influence of coal seam mining on formation structure and water content, ground penetrating radar (GPR) combined with borehole sampling was firstly used to detect and analyze the change of shallow stratum medium and its structure in the process of coal mining. Then the soil water content of different soil media in the shallow strata of coal mining area is determined by GPR and sampling. Finally, the changes of strata structure and moisture content of different soil media under the influence of coal seam mining conditions is compared. The objectives of this research were to analyze 1) the change of the sedimentary structure of the shallow strata before and after coal mining, and determine the influence of coal mining on the soil profile of the shallow strata; 2) the influence of coal mining on the distribution of soil moisture in surface soil; and; 3) the relationship between different soil media and soil moisture content in shallow strata under coal mining conditions to provide scientific basis for reclamation after mining. The radar detection drilling results showed that the soil medium structure of the shallow layer (< 10 m) in the mining area of coal mine mainly included sand layer, clay layer and weathering layer from the top to the bottom. The water cut detected by GPR was similar to the measured water cut with depth. The correlation coefficients of water cut detected by the two methods for the four boreholes were 0.875, 0.88, 0.94 and 0.84, respectively. The results also showed that the water content of clay and sand clay was much higher than that of sand. Coal mining had a certain impact on the shallow soil profile, but the soil profile remained unchanged. After coal mining, the water content of shallow soil decreased significantly. The water content of sand layer in L1 measured in the 1st and 3rd times decreased by 2.15% on average, and the water content loss rate was 28.26% on average. The moisture content loss rate of clay layer in the first and third detection was 12.85% on average. This showed that coal mining had a great influence on soil moisture content of sand structure. The average moisture content of the sand layer detected in the second and fourth times was 5.31% and 7.44%, respectively. The increase range of moisture content was between 5% and 56%, and the average increase range was 27.89%. The water content of clay layer detected twice was 11.46% and 11.96%, respectively, with an increase of 0.5%, 19.13% - 19.59% and an average increase of 4.79%. That was to say, the moisture content of clay structure layer changes little while that of sand structure changed greatly. This indicated that the clay stratum was less affected by rainfall and the water content of sand stratum wsa more affected by rainfall. The shallow soil moisture was mainly affected by rainfall.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Ground penetrating radar systems
Controlled terms:Boreholes - Coal - Coal deposits - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Coal research - Cutting machines (mining) - Geological surveys - Geophysical prospecting - Moisture determination - Radar signal processing - Rain - Sand - Sedimentology - Soil moisture - Soils - Tracking radar - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Coal mining area - Coal mining subsidences - Correlation coefficient - Ground Penetrating Radar - Ground penetrating radar (GPR) - Mining conditions - Sedimentary structure - Soil water content
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 481.4 Geophysical Prospecting - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+00%, Percentage 2.79e+01%, Percentage 2.83e+01%, Percentage 4.79e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 5.60e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-01% to 1.91e+01%, Percentage 5.31e+00%, Percentage 7.44e+00%, Size 1.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20194707710639
Title:Design of 3MDZ-4 self-propelled cotton topping and spraying combined machine
Title of translation:3MDZ-4型自走式棉花打顶喷药联合作业机设计
Authors:Peng, Qiangji (1, 2); Kang, Jianming (1); Song, Yumin (1); He, Qinghai (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences, Jinan; 250100, China; (2) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College of Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Kang, Jianming(kjm531@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:30-38
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The apical dominance of cotton was unfavorable to the grown of cotton. Cotton topping at the appropriate time can eliminate the apical dominance of cotton, achieving the purposes of precocity, high yield and stable the production. As such, topping based on artificial, topping based on chemical control method, and topping based on mechanical method are developed. However, there are some disadvantageous factors to restrict the promotion and application of topping based on artificial and chemical control methods. The cost of topping based on artificial method is too high, and is inadequate to apply in large scale. The stability of the topping based on chemical control method is low with some variable factors, and some environmental pollution problems are also an issue. Therefore, topping based on mechanical method is chosen as the suitable method to cotton topping. The low efficient is shown on current cotton topping machine, and the operations of topping and pesticide is achieved independently so that large energy and man power are wasted. Therefore, to overcome this disadvantages, in this study, an integrated idea of topping accurately and variable rate of pesticide spraying was presented, and a 3MDZ-4 self-propelled cotton topping and spraying machine was developed, with functions of the seedling divided, the seedling holding, the topping and the pesticide spraying simultaneously. The seedling divided-holding device, the height detection system, the topping system, and the spraying system were the critical components of the machine. To assure the quality of the designed machine, based on the design and analysis of the critical components, the critical parameters were obtained. The critical parameter of the seedling divided width was 470 mm. The critical parameter of the height detection range was 0-320 mm. The critical parameter of the minimum speed of disc cutter was 716 r/min. The critical parameter of the length of parallel four connecting rods was 640 mm. Through the field experiments, it was found that the topping efficiency was 91%, with the running speed of 2.5 km/h, indicated that the high efficiency of topping was realized. The coefficient of association of the cotton height was 0.81, indicating there was strong correlation between before topping and after topping. The spraying quantity was adjustable according to the running speed, the relative error of the actual flow and the theoretical flow was less than 5% so that the variable spraying could be achieved. The designed machine could realize the man-machine interaction. The current spraying quantity, the running speed, the working area and the spraying quantity of flow all could be display real-time on the touch-screen display. For the process monitoring, the sound and light alarm was achieved with the pesticide liquid was lower than set value, which improved the intelligent level of the cotton topping and the spraying machine. This research could provide some theoretical references for design of the cotton topping and spraying machine.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Cotton
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Chemical stability - Crops - Design - Hot topping - Machine components - Machine design - Pesticides - Pollution control - Process monitoring - Quality control - Spraying - Testing - Touch screens
Uncontrolled terms:Critical component - Design and analysis - Environmental pollution problem - Height detections - Mechanical methods - Pesticide spraying - Strong correlation - Touch screen displays
Classification code:534.2 Foundry Practice - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 801 Chemistry - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.10e+01%, Rotational_Speed 7.16e+02RPM, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.20e-01m, Size 4.70e-01m, Size 6.40e-01m, Velocity 6.95e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20194707710678
Title:Construction and validation of soil moisture retrieval model in farmland based on Sentinel multi-source data
Title of translation:基于Sentinel多源数据的农田地表土壤水分反演模型构建与验证
Authors:Guo, Jiao (1, 2); Liu, Jian (1, 2); Ning, Jifeng (3); Han, Wenting (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Information Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:71-78
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As an important component of the earth ecosystem, soil moisture is of great significance in the fields of crop growth monitoring, crop yield estimation, variable irrigation and other related agricultural applications. With the rapid development of the technology and theory of microwave remote sensing, soil moisture retrieval with remote sensing data has been widely used at home and abroad. The multi-source remote sensing data used in this study was acquired from Sentinel-1 radar and Sentinel-2 optical satellites which belong to ESA's Sentinel series and there are great advantages in space, time and data registration in monitoring soil moisture. The study area is located in Yangling Demonstration Zone, Shanxi Province and 45 sampling sites were selected and measured to validate the soil moisture retrieval model. Firstly, to deal with the problem that soil moisture retrieval was greatly affected by surface vegetation covers, this study applied Oh model to retrieve soil moisture after removing the influence of vegetation by water cloud model. Secondly, taking the great advantages of machine learning algorithms into account, the study selected support vector regression (SVR) and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) models to retrieve soil moisture, and the models were constructed with different combinations of characteristic parameters including VH polarization radar backward scattering coefficient and VV polarization radar backward scattering coefficient altitude (H<inf>0</inf>), local incident angle (LIA) which were calculated out with Sentinel-1 radar remote sensing data and vegetation indexes (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI; modified soil adjusted vegetation index, MSAVI and difference vegetation index, DVI) which were calculated out with Sentinel-2 optical remote sensing data. Finally, this study defined the equivalent number of occurrences to evaluate the quantitative influence of each characteristic parameter because different parameters had different effect on farmland soil moisture retrieval. The results showed that the soil moisture retrieval accuracy of Oh model was increased after removing vegetation influence by water cloud model. The retrieval accuracies of SVR and GRNN models with MSAVI and NDVI were higher than that of Oh model. The optimal input combination of SVR model composed of five characteristic parameters, including VH polarization radar backward scattering coefficient, VV polarization radar backward scattering coefficient, H<inf>0</inf>, LIA, and MSAVI had the best retrieval accuracy with correlation coefficient of 0.903 and root mean square error of 0.014cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> respectively. The optimal SVR model was used to retrieve the soil moisture in study area and the results were consistent with local rainfall events. The equivalent numbers of occurrences of characteristic parameters from high to low were VH polarization radar backward scattering coefficient, H<inf>0</inf>, VV polarization radar backward scattering coefficient, LIA, MSAVI, NDVI, DVI. For radar backward scattering coefficients from different polarized channel, VH polarization radar backward scattering coefficient is more sensitive to soil moisture than VV polarization radar backward scattering coefficient. Among the three vegetation indexes, the counting results indicated MSAVI had the strongest correlation with soil moisture content, followed by NDVI and DVI was the weakest. The experimental results showed that the fusion of radar and optical data had great potential in soil moisture retrieval in farmlands. The performances of the constructed model in other farmland types would be further investigated in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Backscattering - Cloud computing - Crops - Farms - Learning algorithms - Machine learning - Mean square error - Models - Moisture control - Neural networks - Polarization - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Space optics - Space-based radar - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Generalized Regression Neural Network(GRNN) - Multisource data - Normalized difference vegetation index - Optical remote sensing data - Retrieval - Sentinel - Soil moisture retrievals - Support vector regression (SVR)
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 656.1 Space Flight - 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20194707710698
Title:Construction and effect of lactic acid bacteria in oat silage and mechanism at low temperature
Title of translation:低温燕麦青贮乳酸菌复合菌系的构建及其青贮效果
Authors:Zhang, Yue (1); Wang, Xiaofen (1); Dai, Jiali (1); Meng, Xingyao (1); Zhao, Yubin (1); Li, Zhiqiang (2); Hu, Yuegao (1); Cui, Zongjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Xiaofen(wxiaofen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oat is an important grain and forage crop, which is grown in alpine region, where large temperature difference between day and night. Common lactic acid bacteria fermentation is not easy to success, because it needs the silage inoculants with strong temperature adaptability. In order to solve this issue, the main object was to research and select suitable lactic bacteria community for the rapid reduction of pH value of oat silage and for sharp increase of the flavors substrates like lactic acid and others at different temperatures, and to research its application effect on oat silage, such as oat silage quality and microbial diversity. This study took the natural microorganism of oat silage as the source of bacteria group, through a long-term restrictive culture and directional domestication on them, then screened two groups of lactic acid bacteria community at the temperature of 10 and 25℃, and named as LDS and MDS, respectively. The LDS and MDS tended to stabilization respectively during the screening process in the 10th generation. According to results of the qPCR-DGGE, the strains of LDS were mainly Lactobacillus, and the main strains of MDS was Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus. LDS and MDS were added in the oat, the additive-free treatment was designed as control, and the silage was fermented under 10 and 25℃, respectively. The amount of lactic acid bacteria of 10 LDS was about 7400 times of its number of 10 CK, and the lactic acid content increased by 14.3% compared with 10 CK. The amount of lactic acid bacteria of 25 MDS was 27 000 times of its amount of 25 CK, and its lactic acid content increased by 30.3% compared with the 25 CK group. On the 10th generation of the fermentation of inoculated community, the microbial flora in silage was basically stable, and the inoculated strains were stably colonized in silage. LDS, MDS were inoculated oats at different temperatures (10 and 25℃), the lactate content of 10 LDS was 17.1% more than that of 10 MDS after fermentation for 30 days, acetic acid content was 23% more; The lactate content of 25 MDS was 19% more than that of 25 LDS, acetic acid content was 19.5% lower. The WSC(water soluble carbohydrate),CP ( crude protein),DMR (dry matter recovery) of treatment with LDS community were significantly improved, and the LDS could save the nutrients in oat better and improve its nutritional quality in the conditions of 10 and 25℃. MDS could be completely colonized at 25℃, but could not be colonized at 10℃; LDS could be colonized for two strains of bacteria at 10 and 25℃, so the LDS was more adaptable to temperature. This study provided a theoretical basis for the selection and application of lactic acid bacteria in oat silage in cold and alpine areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Lactic acid
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Bacteria - Fermentation - pH - Polymerase chain reaction - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Bacteria community - Lactic acid bacteria - Lactic acid bacteria fermentations - Microbial diversity - Nutritional qualities - Silage - Temperature differences - Water-soluble carbohydrates
Classification code:641.1 Thermodynamics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 1.95e+01%, Percentage 2.30e+01%, Percentage 3.03e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20194707708234
Title:Comparison of soil erosion estimation methods at county scale based on CSLE Model and sampling unit
Title of translation:基于CSLE模型和抽样单元法的县域土壤侵蚀估算方法对比
Authors:Li, Zixuan (1); Zhao, Hui (2); Zou, Haitian (1); Li, Yishan (3); Liu, Yuxin (3); Li, Ao (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Center, Haihe Basin, Tianjin; 300170, China; (2) Monitoring Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing; 100053, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Hui(7166zhaohui@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:141-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, it is a significant basic work in soil and water conservation to implement dynamic quantitative monitoring of soil and water loss in countries and key areas nationwide. Soil erosion calculation based on CSLE model can realize quantitative monitoring of soil and water loss. From the perspective of the spatial scope, it is divided into two types as global coverage calculation and sampling unit estimation. It is of great significance to analyze and evaluate the difference and applicability of the two methods for dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss. In this study, Huailai county of Hebei province was taken as an example to evaluate the soil erosion by global coverage calculation and 4% sampling unit estimation. The differences of the two methods were analyzed by data base, factor calculation, soil erosion modulus calculation, soil erosion assessment results, etc., leading to the discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of two methods in the process of the quantitative estimation of soil erosion at the county scale. Our results showed that the area of soil and water loss calculated by global coverage calculation was 59.0 km<sup>2</sup> larger than the result based on 4% sampling unit estimation, and the relative difference between the two methods was 12.94%. By global coverage calculation, the soil erosion area of farm land, garden land, forest land, grass land and others accounted for 30.3%, 9.1%, 24.2%, 56.5% and 4.7% of the land use area, respectively, while by 4% sampling unit estimation, they accounted for 22.8%, 16.3%, 19.8%, 48.1% and 3.0%, respectively. In addition, by global coverage calculation,, the area of farm land, garden land, forest land, grass land and others accounted for 16.0%, 21.8%, 31.1%, 18.4%, and 12.7% of the county's land use, respectively, while they accounted for 14.7%, 10.4%, 45.3%, 15.8%, and 13.8%, respectively, by 4% sampling unit estimation. Our results also showed that the difference in terrain data and engineering measured data had minor effect on the calculation results of the two methods, while the difference in land use and vegetation cover data affected more. In the global coverage calculation method, it was easily to increase chances of misjudging shrubbery as grassland, and failure to calculate the coverage of undergrowth vegetation under the garden land and forest land, which caused the garden B factor to be underestimated and the woodland B factor to be overestimated, and the proportion of soil erosion from garden land was low, while the proportion of soil erosion from forest land was high. Quantitative estimation of soil erosion at county scale could be achieved by global coverage calculation and sampling unit estimation, but the former was 12.94% larger than the latter, which was related to the accuracy of interpretation of land use and vegetation coverage, the accuracy of factor calculation, and the determination and localization of model parameters. The global coverage calculation method could reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion more accurately, which was suitable for the quantitative estimation of soil erosion at medium and small scales, demanding a higher accuracy and comprehensive data source assurance. The sampling unit estimation was applicable to the estimation of large-scale soil erosion in river basins, regions, etc., but the results were greatly influenced by factors such as sampling methods, sampling density, and extrapolation or interpolation methods. The parameter localization should be implemented gradually in the follow-up study, focusing on the impact of the CSLE model estimation results by factor accuracy and remote sensing interpretation accuracy, improvement of factor parameter database, and factor value rating.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Estimation - Forestry - Land use - Remote sensing - Soil conservation - Soils - Vegetation - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:County scale - Distribution characteristics - Global coverage - Quantitative estimation - Remote sensing interpretation - Sampling units - Soil and water conservation - Soil erosion
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Area 5.90e+07m2, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.27e+01%, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 1.98e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+01%, Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 2.42e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 3.11e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.53e+01%, Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 4.81e+01%, Percentage 5.65e+01%, Percentage 9.10e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20194707708128
Title:High spectral inversion of wheat impurities rate for grain combine harvester
Title of translation:谷物联合收割机收获小麦含杂率高光谱反演研究
Authors:Chen, Man (1); Ni, Youliang (1); Jin, Chengqian (1); Xu, Jinshan (1); Yuan, Wensheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Chengqian(412114402@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:14
Issue date:July 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:22-29
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The impurities rate is one of the important parameters to measure the quality of wheat combined harvesting mechanized operation. Obtaining impurities rate quickly and timely can grasp the quality of work of the combine harvester, which is very important for the agricultural production. In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of artificial detection of impurities rate and lack of mature grain impurities rate identification system in wheat harvesting mechanization operation, this paper tried to establish an spectral inversion model of impurities rate of wheat by using spectral technology, so as to achieve the goal of rapid nondestructive detection of impurities rate of wheat. The wheat spectral reflectance provided an alternative method to classical physical and chemical analysis of the impurities rate of wheat in laboratory. Therefore, the impurities rate of wheat was quickly achieved by using hyperspectral technology. First of all, totally 80 wheat samples were collected from the combine harvester model 4LS-7 made by Jindafeng. The impurities rate of these wheat samples was analyzed in the process of physical in laboratory. After that, the raw hyperspectral reflectance of wheat samples was measured by the FieldSpec 4 model Wide-Res instrument Made by ASD equipped with a high intensity contact probe under the darkroom conditions. Then, after preprocessing and mathematical exchange of the original spectral data,2 spectral parameters were obtained, namely, the original spectral reflectivity (REF) and the spectral reflectivity after logarithmic reciprocal treatment (LR). The impurities rate inversion model of grain combine harvester was established by using the 2 spectral parameters. Next, in order to get characteristic wavelengths, the application of principal component analysis (PCA) was explored in the optimization and quantitative analysis of hyperspectral bands. At the same time, the regression models of impurities rate with different parameters were established by least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM). Finally, the inversion results of the model were validated and compared with each other. The results showed that there were significant differences in the impurities rate of wheat samples obtained by mechanized harvesting, with the maximum and minimum impurities rate of 2.99% and 1.52% respectively. The mean impurities rate of the test samples was 2.28%, the standard deviation was 0.458, and the coefficient of variation was 20.09%. The experimental results showed that the sensitive bands of REF were 500, 689, 1 007, 1 117, 1 205, 1 211, 1 308, 1 381, 1 670 and 1 800 nm. Simultaneously, the sensitive bands of LR were 498, 502, 691, 700, 1 205, 1 373, 1 665, 1 788, 1 798 and 1 854 nm. The result indicated that PCA method could not only achieve the efficient selection of hyperspectral bands, but also retained the original sample information. The REF was the optimal spectral index in LS-SVM regression model (the modeling determination coefficient was 0.958, and the verification determination coefficient was 0.902). The REF hyperspectral inversion model based on LS-SVM can realize rapid monitoring of the quality of work of grain combine harvester in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Chemical analysis - Crops - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting - Models - Principal component analysis - Reflection - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Spectrum analysis - Support vector machines
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Coefficient of variation - Determination coefficients - Grain combines - Hyperspectral reflectance - Hyperspectral remote sensing - Least squares support vector machines - Physical and chemical analysis
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.52e+00%, Percentage 2.01e+01%, Percentage 2.28e+00%, Percentage 2.99e+00%, Size 1.67e-06m, Size 1.80e-06m, Size 1.85e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.14.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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