<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20193907472630
Title:Effect of low temperature on tensile mechanical properties of wheat bran
Title of translation:低温对小麦麸皮拉伸力学特性参数的影响
Authors:Cheng, Min (1, 2); Liu, Baoguo (2); Liu, Yanxu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat & Corn Further Processing, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Baoguo(bgliu1978@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:312-318
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The cryogenic ultrafine grinding technology has the advantages of narrow particle size distribution, high grinding efficiency, no deterioration and low energy consumption. It is an important technical means to improve the nutritional composition and economic value of wheat bran. In order to reveal the influence of temperature on wheat bran grinding performance, a dynamic thermomechanical analyzer (DMA) was used to test the tensile failure of wheat bran samples in the temperature range from -80℃ to 30℃. On this basis, the effects of temperature on the mechanical properties of wheat bran, such as Young's modulus, ultimate stress and ultimate strain, as well as on energy consumption parameters such as crushing energy and refrigerant consumption, were studied. The results showed that with the decrease of temperature, the plasticity of wheat bran decreased and the brittleness increased, gradually changing from elastic-plastic material to brittle material. When the temperature is -80℃, the linear fitting coefficient of stress-strain curve is 99.95%, approaching 100%. It can be considered that the glass transition temperature of wheat bran is -80℃. The crushing energy of wheat bran decreases significantly with the decrease of temperature. Compared with the room temperature (30℃), the crushing energy of wheat bran decreases by nearly 70% at -80℃, which fully shows the low energy consumption advantage of low temperature embrittlement. The Young's modulus increased significantly with the decrease of temperature, and increased 93.14% at -80℃. The ultimate stress seems to be insensitive to temperature change, with a small increase of about 14.58% in the whole varied range of temperature. The ultimate strain decreases with the decrease of temperature. Within the whole varied range of temperature, the ultimate strain decreases by 66.68%, and which is basically consistent with the change of crushing energy. Their sensitivity to temperature ranges from high to low in order of Young's modulus > ultimate strain > ultimate stress. It is also found that there are great differences among the experimental data of mechanical properties at the same temperature, which may be mainly related to the inherent difference between wheat bran samples. The consumption of liquid nitrogen increases linearly with the decrease of temperature. The consumption of liquid nitrogen at -80℃ is 1.74 times as much as that at -40℃ and 2.94 times as much as that at -10℃. At the same time, it is found that there is a local minimum in Young's modulus, ultimate stress, ultimate strain and liquid nitrogen consumption near -10℃. If the grinding temperature is -10℃, it will be helpful to improve the economy of cryogenic grinding for wheat bran. Considering comprehensively the economy between the cryogenic mechanical properties of wheat bran and the refrigerant consumption, the suitable temperature range for cryogenic ultrafine grinding of wheat bran should be from -40 to 0℃. Based on the experimental and identification results, the linear and non-linear functional relationships between Young's modulus, ultimate stress, ultimate strain and temperature difference are given respectively, and the linear functional relationships between liquid nitrogen consumption and temperature difference are also given. In conclusion, the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of wheat bran is significant. The use of low temperature embrittlement characteristics can improve the grinding performance of wheat bran, but attention should be paid to the economic problems caused by refrigerant consumption. The results of this study preliminarily reveal the effect of low temperature embrittlement on the mechanical properties of wheat bran, which can provide a reference for the selection of grinding temperature for ultra-fine grinding of wheat bran at low temperature.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Temperature
Controlled terms:Brittleness - Compressive strength - Crushing - Curve fitting - Economics - Elastic moduli - Elastoplasticity - Embrittlement - Energy utilization - Fracture mechanics - Functions - Glass transition - Grinding (machining) - Liquefied gases - Liquid nitrogen - Mechanical properties - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Plasticity - Refrigerants - Strain - Stress-strain curves - Stresses
Uncontrolled terms:Cryogenic grinding - Dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzers - Elastic-plastic Material - Nutritional compositions - Sensitivity to temperatures - Tensile mechanical properties - Ultimate strain - Wheat bran
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 604.2 Machining Operations - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 6.67e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 9.31e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20193907472642
Title:Inversion and distribution of soil moisture in belly of Maowusu sandy land based on comprehensive drought index
Title of translation:基于综合干旱指数的毛乌素沙地腹部土壤水分反演及分布
Authors:Wang, Sinan (1); Li, Ruiping (1); Li, Xiazi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Insititue of Meteorological Research of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot; 010051, China
Corresponding author:Li, Ruiping(nmglrp@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:113-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to accurately estimate soil moisture content based on index of drought monitored in the complex type cover, this paper studied the feasibility of integrating the single index to estimate soil moisture. Wushen Banner in the abdomen of Maowusu sandy land was the study area. The annual wind velocity of this area was 3.4 m/s. The land use of this area included grassland, sandy land, forest, farmland, water body and construction land, which accounted for 55.66%, 29.3%, 10.9%, 2.75%, 0.7% and 0.69% of the total area, respectively. The remote sensing data were from Landsat 8 OLI images on August 26 and September 28 of 2016. The spatial resolution was 30 m. The data were carefully preteated. The sampling was carried out in 24 plots of 12 sandy land and 12 grassland. Traditional 3 single drought monitoring indexes were selected. The weights of each index was determined by analytic hierarchy process. Together with the measured soil moisture data from different cover types, regression analysis was applied to establish the multi-index comprehensive drought monitoring model (CDI). The accuracy of the model was validated by determination coefficient, average relative error and root mean square error (RMSE). Moreover, the spatial distribution of surface soil moisture in the studied area was inverted and analyzed based on multi-index model. The results showed that the 3 single drought indexes could objectively reflect the drought characteristics, displaying a negative correlation with surface soil moisture content. The best temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) correlation was 0.604. The comprehensive drought monitoring index model and multiple indexes were introduced. The determination coefficient in surface soil moisture index models for grassland and sandy land in August and September were 0.751 and 0.749, respectively. On the whole, the determination coefficient of the exponential model reached 0.744 and 0.727, respectively, which were higher than the fitting effect of a single index. With the increase of soil moisture content, the CDI value showed an obvious decreasing trend, which was ranked as sandy land higher in grassland in size. It indicated that the comprehensive drought monitoring index could better reflect soil moisture distribution in the studied area. The surface soil moisture in this area based on the model inversion was generally low, and the area with the moisture content less than 0.15 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> accounted for 96.47%. And most of these areas were far away from lakes and reservoirs. According to different land types and soil moisture distribution, 2 different land types such as grassland and sandy land were statistically analyzed. The results showed that the different cover types had a quite different moisture content, with an average of 0.087 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> for grassland in August, 0.026 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> for sandy land in August, 0.102 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>for grassland in September, 0.029 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> for a sandy land in September. The surface characteristics of soil moisture spatial distribution for grassland was consistent with the sandy land. The accuracy verification of grassland, sandy land and the whole inversion results showed that the average relative error was less than 10%. Generally, the soil moisture content in the studied area decreased gradually from east to west and from north to south.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Drought - Errors - Land use - Mean square error - Moisture - Moisture determination - Moisture meters - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Reservoirs (water) - Soil moisture - Soils - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Desert grassland - Determination coefficients - Different moisture contents - Drought characteristics - Drought indices - Soil moisture distribution - Surface characteristics - Temperature-vegetation dryness indices
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 441.2 Reservoirs - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.1 Moisture Measuring Instruments - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 2.75e+00%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 6.90e-01%, Percentage 7.00e-01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m, Velocity 3.40e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20193907472656
Title:Research on illumination uneven QR code recognition based on improved Niblack algorithm
Title of translation:改进Niblack算法的光照不均匀QR码识别研究
Authors:Li, Jian (1, 2); Shen, Liwei (1); Hu, Yating (1, 2); Li, Ruizhao (1); Ren, Hongbin (1); Ding, Xiaoqi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun; 130118, China; (2) Jilin Province Bioinformatics Research Center, Changchun; 130118, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Yating(huyating79@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:191-196
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As the information carrier of agricultural product traceability system, QR code has always been a research hotspot in the agricultural field. In practical applications, the complexity of the traceability environment makes it easy for the QR code scanner to acquire locally highlighted or shaded QR code images. In the process of binarization, the target pixels of these uneven illumination QR code images are easily misjudged as background pixels or background pixels are misjudged as target pixels which cause the image information lost, resulting in lower recognition rate, this limits the inquirer to some extent. According to the selection of the threshold, the image binarization algorithms can be divided into global threshold methods and local threshold methods. By setting the segmentation threshold on the grayscale image, all the pixels in the grayscale image are divided into two categories: The target pixel and the background pixel. The gray value of the target pixel is set to 0, and the visual representation is black; the gray value of the background pixel is set to 255, and the visual representation is white. When the gray value of the pixel is greater or equal to the set segmentation threshold, it will be divided into the background pixel class; when it is smaller the set segmentation threshold, it will be divided into the target pixel class. The global threshold method represented by the Otsu algorithm is suitable for an image with a clear bimodal and uniform illumination in a gray histogram, but since the threshold is a fixed value, the fidelity is low when processing an image with uneven illumination. As a local threshold method, the Niblack algorithm can dynamically calculate the neighborhood center threshold in combination with the gray mean and variance in the neighborhood window. That is, for each pixel, the Niblack algorithm can calculate the corresponding threshold. Therefore, there is a good effect in splitting an image with uneven illumination, but the segmentation effect depends on the preset of the local window and the correction coefficient value. Since the correction coefficient and neighborhood window are fixed values selected according to experience, it is easy to cause the correction coefficient or neighborhood window used in some scenes to be unsuitable for another scene, so the original Niblack algorithm is less versatile. This paper proposes a Niblack algorithm that adaptive neighborhood window and correction coefficient. The algorithm dynamically adjusts the size of the neighborhood window according to the resolution of the QR code image, according to the gray mean and variance of the pixel points in the neighborhood window. The gray value information of the whole image is dynamically adjusted and corrected to realize adaptive binarization processing. Experiments show that compared with the original Niblack algorithm, the algorithm can more effectively segment the uneven light QR code image that the device cannot recognize. After the algorithm is processed, the recognition success rate of the unrecognizable QR code image reaches 74.2%, which is 18.4% higher than the original Niblack algorithm and is 71.7% higher than Otsu algorithm. The study has certain reference significance for the traceability of agricultural products in the uneven illumination environment.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Pixels
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Codes (symbols) - Genetic algorithms - Image processing - Image segmentation - Lighting
Uncontrolled terms:Binarizations - Niblack - QR codes - Recognition - Traceability systems
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 7.17e+01%, Percentage 7.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20193907472648
Title:Alfalfa growth simulation model based on water and nitrogen factors in Ningxia irrigation area of Yellow River
Title of translation:基于水氮因子的宁夏引黄灌区紫花苜蓿生长模拟模型
Authors:Liu, Rui (1, 2); Zhang, Yahong (1); Ge, Yongqi (3); Hu, Wei (1); Cai, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) College of Xinhua, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) College of Information Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yahong(zhyhcau@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:102-112
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Alfalfa plays an important role in dairy farms for economic and ecological reasons in northwest China. In order to manage the complex relations between alfalfa growth and environmental issues accurately and timely, the alfalfa simulation model has been widely studied. An alfalfa growth simulation model based on water and nitrogen factors (ALFSIM-WN) was proposed. The model was divided into 3 sub-models, including crop dynamic sub-model, water balance sub-model and nitrogen balance sub-model using modular design method. It took alfalfa in Ningxia irrigation area of Yellow River as research object and could simulate the growth dynamics of alfalfa under different water supply and variable fertilization. It also could estimate the yield of alfalfa. In order to verify the accuracy and applicability of ALFSIM-WN, experiments were carried out at grassland experiment area of Maosheng Grass Limited Company in Yinchuan (northwest China, 38°55'N, 106°06'E). The experimental alfalfa was Medicago sativa No.7. The irrigation methods included surface irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation. A split plot was designed as 2 experimental treatments. The 1st treatment was the irrigation amount which was divided into 5 irrigation levels including the surface irrigation (1 199 mm) and the subsurface drip irrigation (525, 600, 675, 750 mm). The 2nd treatment was nitrogen application rate which included 4 nitrogen application levels (0, 60, 120, 180 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>). A total of 17 treatments were designed in experiment. Different irrigation levels were carried out in batches according to different cuts and different growth period of alfalfa. Different nitrogen application levels were carried out in different cuts. Through 2 years experiments (2016-2017), model parameters had been determined using data from 2016, and growth parameters of alfalfa (such as growth period, leaf area index, soil moisture dynamics and yield) had been predicted based on gathering meteorological date, soil data and field management data of 2017. The comparison between simulated and observed was taken in this paper. The results showed that the simulated values by the model was in agreement with the trend of the observed values under different irrigation and nitrogen treatments, such as growth period, leaf area index, soil water content and yield of the alfalfa. Alfalfa in Ningxia irrigation area of Yellow River could harvest 3 to 4 times per year, the mean relative error of the growth period of alfalfa in 4 cuts simulated by the model was between 1.9% and 5.7%, which was consistent with the local growth period for forage. In addition, through analyzing the 4 cuts data in 2017, the mean relative error of leaf area index simulated by the model was between 2.3% and 17.6%, the mean relative error of soil water content simulated by the model was between 2.3% and 17.6%, and the mean relative error of yield simulated by the model was between 1.7% and 16.2%. The root mean square error of the leaf area index was between 0.09 and 0.44, the root mean square error of soil water content is between 0.009 and 0.039 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup>, and the root mean square error of yield was between 0.3 and 2.3 t/hm<sup>2</sup>. Therefore, the ALFSIM-WN had higher simulation accuracy in simulated growth period, leaf area index, soil water content and yield, indicating that the model has good application in Ningxia irrigation area of Yellow River and can be used as an effective simulation tool for alfalfa growth in forage planting.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Errors - Irrigation - Mean square error - Models - Nitrogen - Plants (botany) - Rivers - Soil moisture - Subirrigation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Alfalfa - Applicability - Fertility - Nitrogen application rates - Root mean square errors - Soil moisture dynamics - Subsurface drip irrigation - Variable fertilizations
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.70e+00% to 1.62e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+00% to 5.70e+00%, Percentage 2.30e+00% to 1.76e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 7.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20193907472682
Title:Zoning of cultivated land use in Liaoning Province based on "quality-output-efficiency"
Title of translation:基于"质量-产出-效率"的辽宁省耕地利用分区
Authors:Zhang, Hongmei (1); Song, Ge (1); Wang, Sizhuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ge(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:234-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated land use zoning is an important part of China's land use management, and it is an important basis for guiding the future development of cultivated land in the region. It is the key to enhance the feasibility of the management of cultivated land use. Most studies have focused on the selection of zoning elements and indicators for cultivated land use, often overlooking the spatial connectivity between the cultivated land use partition units and the integrity of administrative divisions, directly affecting the zoning management effect of cultivated land use. How to adopt the scientific zoning method, and take into account the differences, similarities and spatial connectivity between partitioned units is an urgent problem to be solved. In order to guide the orderly development of regional space according to local conditions, alleviate the pressure of cultivated land protection and enhance the value of cultivated land, in this paper, Liaoning Province was taken as research area, and two-dimensional graph theory clustering and GIS spatial analysis were adopted. Based on the zoning indicators of cultivated land use quality, output and efficiency, the comprehensive zoning of cultivated land use was carried out, and the utilization direction of cultivated land in each district was explored. The results showed that: 1) There were some spatial differences in the natural quality, output level and use efficiency of cultivated land among the counties (cities) in the study area. The high-value areas were mainly distributed in the central and northern areas of Liaoning. The low-value areas were mainly distributed in the east and south of Liaoning Province, while the western areas were uneven. 2) The research area was divided into five cultivated land use areas: Grain production and ecological protection area in western Liaoning, pilot area of comprehensive development of cultivated land in central Liaoning, paddy field and characteristic agricultural planting area in eastern Liaoning, potential tapping area of cultivated land efficiency and productivity in southern Liaoning and transformation and upgrading area of cultivated land utilization in central and Southern Liaoning. 3) The zoning method combining two-dimensional graph theory clustering and GIS spatial analysis effectively guaranteed the connectivity of the adjacent unit space of the cultivated land and the integrity of the administrative boundary, which has good applicability to the cultivated land use zoning; it was conducive to the unified management and implementation of the use of cultivated land. This paper selected the cultivated land use quality, output level and utilization efficiency as key indicators to reflect the status of cultivated land use, and to divide cultivated land into different utilization areas, and combined with the main functional area planning to determine the future direction of cultivated land use, it has certain practical reference value for comprehensive guidance of regional cultivated land use and development. The cultivated land use zoning results neglect the difference between the internal units of individual zoning to some extent, but this difference has to be neglected in order to achieve spatial connectivity. To better realize the cultivated land use, it is necessary to formulate differentiated cultivated land use guidance policies and guarantee mechanisms according to the actual conditions of each area to ensure the effective implementation of cultivated land use management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Efficiency - Geographic information systems - Graph theory - Regional planning - Spatial variables measurement - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Actual conditions - Cultivated lands - Ecological protection - Land-use management - Liaoning Province - Spatial differences - Two-dimensional graphs - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2 Regional Planning and Development - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20193907472584
Title:Tomato leaf diseases recognition based on improved Multi-Scale AlexNet
Title of translation:基于改进Multi-Scale AlexNet的番茄叶部病害图像识别
Authors:Guo, Xiaoqing (1); Fan, Taojie (1); Shu, Xin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:162-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The symptoms of the same tomato disease in different stages are obviously different, and different diseases show some similarities. Traditional pattern recognition methods can not reflect the dynamic changes of the pathological characterization, and the practicability is poor. To solve this problem, this paper proposed a Multi-Scale AlexNet recognition model for mobile platform based on convolutional neural network (CNN), and implemented a tomato leaf disease image recognition system for agricultural workers based on Android. Many parameters and large memory utilization of traditional AlexNet model are unfit for mobile platform, this paper adjusted the network structure of the traditional model by removing the local response normalization(LRN) layer, modifying the full connection layer, setting up different convolution kernel extraction features, designed a multi- scale recognition model based on the AlexNet. The model consists of 6 layers. It can optimize the training time and memory utilization and achieve high precision. After removing the LRN layer, there was a 30% decrease in running time. Extending the single convolution kernel into multi-scale (1 × 1,3 × 3,5 × 5,7 × 7) convolution kernel then fused at the first layer, removing full connection layer 6 and 7, and taking the place of global average pooling layer, then the model size was only 30.2 M. The forward propagation rate (FRP) and backward propagation rate (BPR) were reduced, and the global average pooling is better than the global maximum pooling on recognition accuracy. So the Multi-Scale AlexNet model used global average pooling in the 5th layer. In image preprocessing phase, in order to avoiding over fitting of the trained model caused by the unbalanced distribution of sample numbers, we had zoomed, flipped, color jittering, add noise and rotated the original pictures of dataset randomly to get the augmented dataset, and used 70% of the pictures as the train dataset and the rest as the validation dataset(20%) and test dataset(10%). These pictures were quantized to 224 × 224 dpi for Multi-Scale AlexNet training, and the original dataset and augmented dataset were used to train models. In order to validate the performance of the proposed model, comparative tests were done between Multi-Scale AlexNet and traditional pattern recognition method. It repeated 600 tests. The results showed that the CNN model achieved 92.7%, the high average recognition accuracy of each disease and each disease in the early, middle and late stages. Compared with the other CNN Net model(MobileNet, SequeezeNet, LeNet-5), the Multi-Scale AlexNet achieved the highest recognition accuracy, and reached 95.8% on the late stage disease dataset, but the SequeezeNet model used less memory. The MobileNet and SequeezeNet model reached lower recognition accuracy on the middle and late stages dataset, that because their convolution size was small. The recognition system was implemented on Android platform, and then test was done on field dataset. The results showed that the average recognition accuracy was 89.2%, its less value was due to the complex background of image. Then the system can meet the requirements of disease image recognition on mobile platform in production practice. The research results provide a method for disease image recognition based on convolution neural network, and provide a reference for automatic identification of crop diseases and engineering applications.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image processing
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Android (operating system) - Automation - Backpropagation - Convolution - Diseases - Drilling platforms - Fruits - Global optimization - Image recognition - Memory architecture - Neural networks - Statistical tests
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic identification - Convolution neural network - Convolutional neural network - Engineering applications - Image recognition system - Multi-scale - Pattern recognition method - Tomato disease
Classification code:511.2 Oil Field Equipment - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.92e+01%, Percentage 9.27e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20193907472669
Title:Characteristics of chicken manure biochars and its effect on Cd and Pb remediation in water and soil
Title of translation:鸡粪生物炭表征及其对水和土壤镉铅的修复效果
Authors:Yan, Cuixia (1, 2); Jia, Hongtao (1); Sun, Tao (1, 2); Dina, Tursenjan (1, 2); Luo, Wenwen (2); Xie, Sha (2); Sun, Yuebing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes, College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agro-product Safety, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin; 300191, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Yuebing(sunyuebing2008@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:225-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heavy metals in soils are one of the most hazardous pollutants in the environment owing to their universality, concealment and irreversibility. Some universally think harmful heavy metals to mankind and environment are lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, manganese and chromium. They can destroy the normal functioning of soil, cause fertility degradation, lead to crop losses, crop quality declined and cause teratogenic carcinogenesis to human. Biochar (BC) is a passivation material and has demonstrated potential as a highly efficient emerging low-cost adsorbent used in the removal of heavy metals from soil or sewage. Experts and scholars have recently extensively researched biochars in environmental and agricultural applications. The adsorption mechanisms of biochars toward heavy metals indicate that the characteristics of biochars are strongly affected by the raw materials, pyrolysis time, and especially the pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, research on the heavy metal adsorption effect of biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures is very important in developing methods for treating sewage. To promote the sustainable usage of agricultural wastes like chicken manures and control heavy metal pollution, in this study, chicken manure biochars (BC200, BC400, BC600 and BC800) were produced through pyrolysis under oxygen-limited condition at the preparation temperature of 200, 400, 600 and 800℃. The physicochemical and structure characteristics of chicken manure biochars were detected by BET accelerated surface area and porosimetry system (This indicator is usually referred to as BET), scanning electron microscopy (This indicator is usually referred to as SEM), transmission electron microscope (This indicator is usually referred to as TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (This indicator is usually referred to as FTIR), then the remediation effects of different pyrolysis temperatures of chicken manure biochars on heavy metal Cd and Pb were studied. The results showed that ash content, pH values, BET surface area, and average pore diameter increased with the increases of pyrolysis temperature, and the surface of chicken manure biochars had lots of irregular pore structure, mainly being mesoporous, while the yields of chicken manure biochars was significantly reduced with the increasing temperature (P<0.05). The adsorption of heavy metal Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> on chicken manure biochars included an initial fast sorption phase and a second slow phase, and Elovich equation could better simulate the processes of kinetic adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacities of heavy metal Cd<sup>2+</sup> and Pb<sup>2+</sup> at equilibrium reached 242.59 mg/g (BC800) and 52.02 mg/g (BC600), respectively. The application of chicken manure biochars significantly increased soil pH values (P<0.05), while the contents of heavy metals TCLP-Cd and -Pb were decreased, with the maximum reduction of 16.5% and 14.5%, respectively, in contrast with the blank treatments. When compared with CK (treatment without adding chicken manure biochar), the ratios of weak-acid-extractable, reducible fraction and oxidizable heavy metals Cd and Pb were decreased to some extent, but the percentage of residue fraction was increased by 5.49%-15.14% and 2.51%-6.30%, respectively. In summary, chicken manure biochars has a strong passivation effect on heavy metals Pb and Cd.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Animals - Biomass - Cadmium - Crops - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Heavy metals - Lead - Manures - Passivation - pH - Pollution control - Pore structure - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Sewage - Soils - Structural metals - Transmission electron microscopy - Water treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Chicken manure - Heavy metal adsorption - Heavy metal pollution - Increasing temperatures - Preparation temperatures - Structural characteristics - Structure characteristic
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.1 Sewage - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 539.2.1 Protection Methods - 546.1 Lead and Alloys - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 801 Chemistry - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+00% to 6.30e+00%, Percentage 5.49e+00% to 1.51e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20193907472686
Title:Optimization of working parameters of soybean combine harvester
Title of translation:大豆联合收获机作业参数优化
Authors:Jin, Chengqian (1, 2); Guo, Feiyang (2); Xu, Jinshan (1); Li, Qinglun (2); Chen, Man (1); Li, Jingjing (3); Yin, Xiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (3) Shandong Yafeng Agriculture Machinery Co., Ltd, Zibo; 255000, China
Corresponding author:Yin, Xiang(666513@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:10-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, there are few soybean harvesters dedicated to soybean harvesting in China, soybean harvesting mainly uses rice-wheat combine harvester by adjusting parameters and replacing working parts, and it is difficult to improve the efficiency and working quality of the soybean harvesting because of adjusting working parameters irrelevantly. To solve the problems, this experiment used a series of field trials to explore the influence of various key working parameters on the quality of soybean harvesting operations, and tried to figure out the optimal combination of parameters systematically. According to three indexes-- loss rate, crushing rate and impurity rate, nine factors of forward speed, rotate speed of roller, threshing gap in threshing section, threshing gap in separation section, angle of deflector, rotate speed of fan, angle of wind plate, front opening of upper sieve and posterior opening of upper sieve were chosen. By adopting the box-behnken central composite response surfaces analysis, we conducted the response surfaces experiments with nine factors and three levels. Then we used design-expert to analyze the response surfaces and built three mathematical models about loss rate, crushing rate and impurity rate. The research showed that rotate speed of fan, threshing gap in threshing section, forward speed and rotate speed of roller were the four most indispensable factors that affected the loss rate. Moreover, the four main factors influencing the crushing rate were rotate speed of roller, threshing gap in threshing section, forward speed and angle of deflector. Angle of deflector, rotate speed of fan, angle of wind plate and posterior opening of upper sieve played a decisive role in impurity rate. The response surfaces method was utilized to analyze the effects of factor's interaction on loss rate, crushing rate and impurity rate, and the multi-objective optimization were conducted for the regression models to obtain the working parameters of best evaluation index. The working parameter combination of the soybean combine harvester with the lowest loss rate, crushing rate and impurity rate as constrains was thought to be optimal. In this model, the forward speed was 6.03 km/h, the rotate speed of roller was 452.02 r/min, threshing gap in threshing section was 24.93 mm, threshing gap in separation section was 20 mm, angle of deflector was 26°, rotate speed of fan was 1 261.63 r/min, angle of wind plate was 11.49°, front opening of upper sieve was 19 mm and posterior opening of upper sieve was 11.03 mm. Under this condition, the average values of loss rate, crushing rate and impurity rate were 0.24%, 0.86% and 0.13%. The results of verification experiment showed that the loss rate was 0.24%, crushing rate was 0.90% and impurity rate was 0.14% when the optimum parameters were adjusted to that the forward speed was 6 km/h, the rotate speed of roller was 450 r/min, threshing gap in threshing section was 25 mm, threshing gap in separation section was 20 mm, angle of deflector was 26°, rotate speed of fan was 1 260 r/min, angle of wind plate was 11.5°, front opening of upper sieve was 19 mm and posterior opening of upper sieve was 11 mm. The experimental value is in good agreement with the optimized value and the relative errors were 0, 4.7% and 7.7%. The research results can provide reference for structure improvement and operation parameter control of soybean combine harvester.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crushing - Harvesters - Harvesting - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization - Plates (structural components) - Regression analysis - Rollers (machine components) - Separation - Sieves - Speed - Surface chemistry - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Adjusting parameters - Harvesting operations - Response surface - Response surfaces methods - Soybean - Structure improvement - Wheat combine harvesters - Working parameters
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601.2 Machine Components - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e-01%, Percentage 1.40e-01%, Percentage 2.40e-01%, Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 7.70e+00%, Percentage 8.60e-01%, Percentage 9.00e-01%, Rotational_Speed 1.26e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 2.62e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.52e+02RPM, Size 1.10e-02m, Size 1.90e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 2.49e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s, Velocity 1.68e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20193907472586
Title:Design of quantitative feeding machine for sea crab cultivation based on volume adjustment of lifting sleeve
Title of translation:基于升降套筒体积调整的海蟹养殖定量投饵机设计
Authors:Hu, Haigang (1); Tang, Chao (1); Zhang, Linwei (2); Zhang, Gang (1); Qian, Yunxia (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China; (2) Ningbo City College of Vocational Technology, Ningbo; 315100, China; (3) School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:47-53
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There are many uncertain factors in the amount of artificial feeding, which cause the waste of bait easily, moreover, a huge labor cost. The author briefly introduces the research status of automatic feeding machine at home and abroad, and points out that the existing quantitative feeding machine cannot take both the structural simplicity and functional perfection into account. Aiming at the complex structure and expensive price of the volume quantitative baiting machine, the author studies and designs a simple baiting machine for marine crabs. In the modern factory circulating aquaculture system, each crab is placed in separate baskets. Its amount of feeding and feeding time are strict, which needs to be adjusted according to the weight and food intake of the crabs. As a result, the designed feeding machine must have a stepless adjustment according to the real-time status of the breeding objects with the ability that can vary the amount of bait, simple structure, stable performance and easy maintenance. Therefore, based on the principle of variable volume method, this paper designs an automatic feeding system for single-cage culture sea crabs with a strong anti-interference ability, which overcomes the shortcoming that the accuracy of quantitative weighing method is susceptible to vibration. The author introduces the basic structure and basic working principles of this system. The whole feeding system consists of hopper, rack, lower barrel, lower barrel, motors, Scissor mechanism and control system. When the MCU sends the start command, the upper and lower valves remain closed, and the material level photoelectric sensor detects whether the storage hopper has material. If there is material, the upper motor moves to open the valve plate between the storage hopper and the lower barrel, and the baits fall into the lower barrel. After the barrel is filled with bait, the upper valve plate is closed and the lower valve plate is opened for feeding, when the single chip transmits a signal for adjusting the amount of the feed, the middle motor operates to change the total volume of the lower cylinder by varying the height of the lower barrel, thereby realizing variable quantitative feeding. The programming controller (microcontroller) performs automatic control, and the touch screen realizes human-computer interaction operation. Then with combination of theoretical calculation, the paper determines the relationship between different quantitative volumes and motor control time. The second chapter optimizes the scissor lift mechanism to obtain the most efficient initial angle. The article also designs the control system, introduces the composition of the control system and the selection of the execution motor, details the operation of the control system during the work process, and briefly introduces the hardware of the human-computer interaction interface. Combined with automatic feeding system control circuit of the mater controller, it realizes the intelligent control of the entire automatic feeding system, leads to the system to be more convenient and intelligent. As for software, an interactive software is designed to implement functions such as parameter setting, working status, historical data query, and help interface, which helps new users quickly master the use of the feeding machine. Based on the automatic feeding systems for single basket of crabs breeding, the author experimented in Xinyi fresh aquatic Ltd. (Xiangshan, Ningbo) to test the function of casting bait at accurate time and quantity. After experiment, the performance test of the precision error of the feeding system shows that the design scheme is effective and feasible. On the premise of precise time point, the system can control the average error of feeding accuracy to less than 8%, which meets the needs of Marine crabs farming in factory. The test results show that the overall design scheme of the system is effective and feasible within the allowable error range of the factory aquaculture industry, especially in the case of a large feeding amount. To achieve automation and intelligent farming of factory-based aquatic products, reduce farming costs and improve the quality of marine crabs.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Computer control systems
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Automation - Computer programming - Controllers - Design - Digital storage - Errors - Feeding - Hoppers - Human computer interaction - Marine engineering - Materials handling equipment - Plates (structural components) - Shellfish - Tools - Touch screens - Wages
Uncontrolled terms:Aquaculture industry - Automatic feeding - Automatic feeding systems - Human computer interaction interface - Marine crabs - Photoelectric sensors - Recirculating aquaculture system - Theoretical calculations
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 461.9 Biology - 675 Marine Engineering - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.1 Computer Programming - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 912.4 Personnel
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20193907472637
Title:Hydrophobility and infiltration properties of loam chemically modified by octadecylamine
Title of translation:十八胺化学改性下壤土的斥水性与入渗性能研究
Authors:Wu, Junhua (1); Lin, Hui (1); Liu, Jiaming (1); Wang, Maosheng (1); Yang, Song (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang; 330063, China; (2) College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming; 650201, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Song(yscliff007@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:122-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study aimed to analyze water repellency and infiltration performance of soils with octadecylamine addition. Air-dried remolded loam was mixed with octadecylamine to obtain water repellent loam. A total 5 kinds of loam with octadecylamine content of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% were prepared. For each loam with a certain octadecylamine content, 16 samples with different initial moisture content were then prepared. The water repelling of water repellent loam was determined by water drop penetration time (WDPT), and the critical moisture content of water repellent loam was proposed. Then the permeability tests of water repellent loam under different water head differences were carried out by using a triaxial permeameter. The relationship between octadecylamine content, seepage discharge and water head differences was analyzed, and the permeability coefficient of water repellent loam was obtained. The octadecylamine and soil moisture content were important factors affecting soil water repellency and the higher octadecylamine mass fractions had the stronger water repellency of loam, the lower moisture content of upper limit, and the higher moisture content of lower limit. When the moisture content was less than 12%, the drop penetration time of loam with octadecylamine content of 0.2% and 0.4% was less than 5 s, which showed hydrophilicity. When the moisture content of loam increased to 21%, the drop penetration time of loam increased rapidly to 3 611 and 4 012 s, respectively. That means the corresponding water repelling of loam changed from hydrophilicity to extreme level. The drop penetration time of loam soil with moisture content between 21% and 25% was more than 3 600s, which showed extreme level. When the moisture content increased from 25% to 32% (saturation), the water repellency of loam decreased rapidly from extreme to hydrophilicity. In loam with natural air-dried moisture content, the drop penetration time of loam with octadecylamine content of 0.6% and 0.8% were 731 s and 2 584 s, which showed severe level. With the increasing of moisture content, the drop penetration time increased rapidly to 9 345 s (moisture content of 23.1%) and 12 364 s (moisture content of 21.6%), which showed extreme levels. Then the drop penetration time decreased rapidly and the water repellency disappeared completely at saturation. The drop penetration time of natural air-dried loam was 4 886 s with octadecylamine content of 1.0%, which showed extreme level. With the increasing of moisture content, the drop penetration time also increased rapidly. The maximums of drop penetration time were more than 18 000s (moisture content of 19.3%, 20.0% and 23.7%) which showed extreme levels. When the moisture content increased to 26.8%, the drop penetration time decreased rapidly to 9 346 s, and the water repellency disappeared completely at saturation. For loam with octadecylamine content of 0.2% and 0.4%, the upper limits of moisture content were 11.1% and 10.8%, and the lower limits of moisture content were 23.9% and 24.1%, respectively. For loam with octadecylamine contents of 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%, the upper limits of moisture content were 3.5%, 2.8% and 2.0%, and the lower limits of moisture content were 26.3%, 27.1% and 27.3%, respectively. When the octadecylamine content were the same, the initial infiltration rates was less affected by water head differences. After a period of time, the infiltration rates were decreased suddenly and kept stable. The larger water head differences had the higher stable infiltration rates. When the water repellency of soils changed from wettable to extreme level, the stable infiltration rate gradually decreased. The mutation time of infiltration was shortened with the increasing of water head differences. When the octadecylamine content were low (0%, 0.2% and 0.4%), the permeability coefficients were greatly affected by the water head differences: the greater the water head differences had the smaller permeability coefficients. When the octadecylamine content were high (0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%), the permeability coefficients were basically not affected by the water head differences. When the octadecylamine content was 0.8% and the water head difference was 20 kPa, the water hardly infiltrated into loam which showed complete impermeability. The results can provide theoretical support to analysis on hydrophobized soil and its application in civil and hydraulic engineering.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Drops - Hydraulic conductivity - Hydrophilicity - Mechanical permeability - Moisture - Moisture determination - Shore protection - Soil moisture - Soil testing - Soils - Waterproofing
Uncontrolled terms:Chemically modified - Critical moisture content - Hydraulic engineering - Initial Moisture Content - Octadecylamines - Soil water repellency - Water drop penetration time - Water repellents
Classification code:407.1 Maritime Structures - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1 Hydraulics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.93e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01%, Percentage 2.37e+01%, Percentage 2.39e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 3.20e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 2.71e+01%, Percentage 2.73e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+00%, Percentage 3.50e+00%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 6.00e-01%, Percentage 8.00e-01%, Pressure 2.00e+04Pa, Time 1.24e+04s, Time 2.58e+03s, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 3.61e+03s, Time 4.01e+03s, Time 4.89e+03s, Time 5.00e+00s, Time 7.31e+02s, Time 9.34e+03s, Time 9.35e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20193907472633
Title:Design and experiment of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed-metering device
Title of translation:自扰动内充型孔轮式玉米精量排种器设计与试验
Authors:Du, Xin (1); Liu, Cailing (1); Jiang, Meng (1); Zhang, Fuyin (1); Yuan, Hao (1); Yang, Hongxue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Cailing(cailingliu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:23-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to increase the rate of single seed and reduce the missing and multiple rate of the mechanical precision seed-metering device, and from the perspective of reducing the seeds friction in the filling area and increasing the seeds activity, a kind of self-disturbance inner-filling cell wheel maize precision seed metering device was designed. For the mechanical metering device, the process of seeds filling into hole depends more on gravity, because of seed layer thickness is limited, the size of filling gravity will not change too much, and disturbing the seed to a certain extent will cause the seed to produce normal beating, which is not conducive to fill. So a seed disturbing strip on the inner surface of a certain inclined cone disc was designed. The advantage is that the seed on the top of the hole gets a small normal jump to decrease the seed friction, simultaneously it can ensure that the seed gets enough filling force to be filled into the hole. The movement of the seed on the disturbing strip and the principle of seed filling were analyzed, and then the parameter design of the seed metering device was completed. The hole parameters of seed metering disc were calculated, and the optimum hole size for seed filling was determined. Different types of disturbing strip are set on the conical surface of the seed metering disc, which are non-disturbing strip, direct disturbing strip, decline disturbing strip and spiral disturbing strip. The force acting on the seed disturbing strip and the relative limit velocity of the seed filling into hole were analyzed. It was determined that the radius of the seed disturbing strip, the cone angle of the cone and the rotation speed of the seed disc all affected the filling process. In order to determine the optimal seed metering parameters of the seed metering device, a discrete element software EDEM was used to simulate the seed metering device. The single factor test and the multiple quadratic rotation orthogonal combination test were carried out with the test factors of the rotation speed of the seed plate, the strip form of disturbing the seed, the cone angle of the seeding plate and the radius of the disturbing strip. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 to analyze the test data, the mathematical model between the rate of single seed, missing, multiple sowing and the test index was obtained. The optimum parameters were as follows: The speed of the seed disc was 8.40 r/min, the disturbing strip form was spiral, the cone angle of the seed plate was 38.6°, and the radius of the disturbing strip is 1.24 mm, respectively. The single, multiple and missing rate were 96.29%, 2.55% and 1.15%, respectively. Under the optimal parameter combination, the bench test proved that the of single, multiple and missing rate were 95.4%, 2.55% and 1.15%, respectively. When the speed of the seed disc during 8.40~16.67 r/min, the single rate was more than 91.4%, multiple and missing rate were less than 2.55% and 1.15%, the seed damage rate was less than 0.44%, respectively, and the seeding effect is 3.2% higher than the scoop wheel type metering device. which could meet the agronomic requirements of the precision sowing of maize. The simulation test of the seed metering device based on EDEM discrete element method has provided references for determining the performance parameters of the seed metering device and shortens the design period. This study can provide references for improving the performance of the mechanical seed metering device.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Filling
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Finite difference method - Friction - Machine design - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Testing - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Disturbing strip - Inner filling - Optimal parameter combinations - Parameter optimization - Performance parameters - Precision metering - Precision seed-metering devices - Seed metering devices
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 691.1 Materials Handling Equipment - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.6 Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+00%, Percentage 2.55e+00%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 4.40e-01%, Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Percentage 9.63e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.40e+00RPM to 1.67e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.40e+00RPM, Size 1.24e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20193907472675
Title:Analysis on thermal performance of trough compound parabolic concentrator in solar drying device
Title of translation:太阳能干燥装置槽式复合抛物面聚光器热性能分析
Authors:Chang, Zehui (1); Li, Jianye (1); Li, Wenlong (1); Hou, Jing (2); Zheng, Hongfei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) College of Mechanical Electrical Heating and Ventilation Engine, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot; 010070, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:197-203
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drying is an energy intensive process, which reduces the moisture content of the material to a certain preselected level to prevent deterioration. The increasing of agro-food products' cost and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels accelerated the utilization of solar energy for drying. However, conventional open cycle solar drying system has several disadvantages, including the degradation of product quality caused by sudden rain, wind and dust, loss of the products due to rodents, birds and insects. To overcome these disadvantages and ensure better control of solar drying aspects, the direct solar drying systems have been designed and improved over decades. It has been noted that direct exposure to the sun during sunny day, particularly when the ambient temperature reaches to 30℃ or higher, might cause case hardening, which trapping moisture inside the products scattered. Based on the previous researches, this paper therefore designs a novel concentrated solar drying system. In this case, a trough compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) as heater is employed for solar-energy collection for heating of inlet air. Apart from this, the system is also configured with several trays, fan, operation air tube, control device, et al. Compared with the previous solar drying system, it not only improves the thermal efficiency of the system but also reduces the land area of the solar collectors. The system is suitable for use distributed and controllable for drying process. Its operation principle of the system can be shown as follows: Several concentrators installed with glass receiver are connected with air tubes. Then in the receiver, a plate heat transfer fin is spread by a black composite material coating to increase the sun absorptivity. The thickness of the fin is 1.5 mm. The air inside the receiver is heated to a higher temperature by the concentrated light. The heated air flows into the drying unit through the hot air pipe driven by fan. Then the flowing hot air passes through the materials placed on the trays. The materials will be heated and moisture will be removed. As the air driven by the fan flows towards exhaust pipe, the waste heat contained in the air in the exhaust pipe will transfer to the supplementary air in the cold air tube, which improves the system energy efficiency. The working principle of the trough compound parabolic concentrator and structure are introduced. A 3D model of the concentrator is obtained in commercial software SolidWorks, then is exported in IGES digital format so that it could be imported to optical analysis software to analyze ray tracing. The concentrating efficiency and optical efficiency of the concentrator have been calculated and analyzed. Based on the simulated results mentioned above, an experimental system driven by several trough compound parabolic concentrators is constructed to study the drying performance of the system outdoors. The geometric parameters of the concentrator unit are the same as the unit previously discussed. The results indicate when the radial incidence angle is 10°, the optical efficiency can reach to 70.38%. The light window is set in the sides of the concentrator has benefit to enhancement of the optical efficiency when axial incidence angle is not 0°. In sunny day, the maximum air temperature of the outlet can be reached to 37.2℃, which is higher than that of the unit when radial incidence angle is 10° by 7.8% when the air flow rate is 6.5m/s. A glass cover is placed on concentrator aperture to minimize convective heat losses from the receiver. The maximum thermal efficiency of the device with glass cover can be about 55%, which is higher than that of the concentrator without glass cover by about 120%. Thus, this study is able to provide theoretical and experimental reference for further application for active solar drying technology.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Air - Case hardening - Collector efficiency - Concentration (process) - Deterioration - Efficiency - Energy efficiency - Fins (heat exchange) - Food products - Fossil fuels - Glass - Heat transfer - Mammals - Moisture - Solar dryers - Solar energy - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Commercial software - Compound parabolic - Compound parabolic concentrator - Experimental system - Performance - Solar drying systems - Solar energy collections - Thermal Performance
Classification code:525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.3 Solar Cells - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 812.3 Glass - 822.3 Food Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 7.04e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+00%, Size 1.50e-03m, Velocity 6.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20193907472601
Title:Spinach freshness detection based on hyperspectral image and deep learning method
Title of translation:基于高光谱图像和深度学习的菠菜新鲜度检测
Authors:Xie, Zhonghong (1); Xu, Huanliang (1); Huang, Qiugui (1); Wang, Pei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Huanliang(huanliangxu@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:277-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the traditional machine vision has low discrimination accuracy when realizing the fresh level recognition of spinach, A new method for fresh grade recognition of spinach based on hyperspectral and deep learning was conducted in this study. Round leaf spinach stored in room temperature 10oC on a daily basis was regarded as research objects. The spinach was divided into three grades of fresh, relatively fresh and corruption according to the score calculated by considering 6 factors: fresh spinach days of storage, appearance, water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids. After 6 ROI areas was obtained from the hyperspectral image of spinach leaves shot with high spectrum imaging instrument, the mean reflectance of ROI region was calculated. Based on the grouping elite strategy genetic algorithm, an adaptive grouping strategy was used to screen out a set of wavelengths A, A={389.55 nm, 401.629 nm, 742.325 nm, 949.939 nm, 1 025.662 nm(in Chinese with English abstract)}. Then the artificial grouping strategy was also used for wavelength screening. The number of statistical groups was the wavelength selected by n = 1, 2, 3...n, and the four frequencies with the highest frequency were placed in the set B, B={389.55 nm, 536.365 nm, 742.325 nm, 1 025.662 nm (in Chinese with English abstract)}. The six wavelengths in the A∪B set were combined as the final selected wavelengths, and these wavelengths were better able to identify the fresh grade of spinach. Define training set R and test set T, R and T each containing 240 spinach samples. Using the SVM classifier, based on the spine reflectance corresponding to the six wavelengths, a fresh grade classification test based on the spectral characteristics to define spinach was separately performed. After 10 trials, the mean value of recognition accuracy was obtained, and the three wavelengths with the highest recognition rate were found, which were 389.55, 742.325 and 1 025.662 nm, respectively. The corresponding recognition rates were 62.08%, 60.00% and 60.42%, respectively. This indicated that the recognition rate of spinach fresh grade was low based on spectral characteristics. In addition to the spectral properties, spinach's hyperspectral image also contains rich image information corresponding to all wavelengths, so further spine fresh grade recognition based on image features can be performed. The spinach images corresponding to the three wavelengths extracted from the hyperspectral image set constituted an image sample library. Based on the deep learning technology, the spine fresh grade recognition model was established. The recognition experiments were carried out on four types of images (NormImg389, NormImg742, NormImg1 025 and NormImg_merge) in the image sample library. The average recognition accuracy of the three experiments was 79.69%, 68.75%, 69.27% and 80.99%. The NormImg389 and NormImg_merge test sets had higher recognition rates, which were close to 80%. The image recognition rate of spinach in NormImg_merge was up to 80.99%, which indicated that when the spinach fresh level recognition was performed, the images corresponding to the three wavelengths were merged. Identifying can get the best classification results. This study achieved the non-destructive testing of the fresh grade of round leaf spinach, and the research results provided quality assurance for industrial processing and marketing, which has practical and theoretical significance.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Deep learning
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Chlorophyll - Genetic algorithms - Hyperspectral imaging - Image recognition - Industrial research - Nondestructive examination - Quality assurance - Reflection - Spectroscopy - Support vector machines - Wavelength
Uncontrolled terms:Classification results - Discrimination accuracy - Freshness - Genetic screening - HyperSpectral - Industrial processing - Non destructive testing - Spectral characteristics
Classification code:723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 901.3 Engineering Research - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+01%, Percentage 6.21e+01%, Percentage 6.88e+01%, Percentage 6.93e+01%, Percentage 7.97e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Size 2.57e-08m, Size 4.02e-07m, Size 5.36e-07m, Size 7.42e-07m, Size 9.50e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20193907472667
Title:Phreatic evaporation in bare and wheat land during freezing-thawing period of Huaibei Plain based on lysimeters experiments
Title of translation:基于蒸渗仪群淮北平原冻融期裸土及麦田潜水蒸发规律研究
Authors:Wang, Zhenlong (1); Yang, Miao (2); Lü, Haishen (3); Hu, Yongsheng (1); Zhu, Yonghua (3); Gu, Nan (2); Wang, Yining (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory on Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui & Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Bengbu; 233000, China; (2) School of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing; 211100, China; (3) College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China; (4) Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing; 210029, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:129-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper was aimed to study phreatic evaporation in Huaibei Plain during freezing-thawing period. The data was collected from long-term experiments at Wudaogou Hydrological Experimental Station from 1990 to 2018. In the experiments, a total of 38 lysimeters were installed. About half of them were planted with winter wheat. The others were bare lands. The soils in lysimeters were typical local soils: undisturbed lime concretion black soil and yellow moist soil. Soil temperature and air temperature were measured. The phreatic evaporation was determined and its relationship with soil depth was fitted with non-linear regression equations. According to the air temperature, the freezing-thawing period in the Huaibei Plain was from December to the next February. During the period, the soil was characterized with freezing at night and thawing during the day. The freezing layer was thin. In bare land, the phreatic evaporation increased firstly with depth and then decreased. The maximum phreatic evaporation occurred in the depth range of 0.1-0.3 m in the both soils. When the depth was smaller than the 0.1 m, phreatic evaporation increased with depth while it decreased with the depth when the depth was higher than 0.3 m. The characteristics of phreatic evaporation in soil profile during the freezing-thawing period was different from that in the period. The change of phreatic evaporation in the wheat land was similar with that in the bare land. However, the phreatic evaporation in the wheat land was smaller than that in the bare land when the depth was smaller than 0.4 m in lime concretion black soil and smaller than 1.0 m in the yellow moist soil. It was because the capillary was probably cut off due to covering on soil surface caused by roots or stalk residues or tillage before sowing, which affected the transport of water along the capillary and caused small phreatic evaporation. There was a peak in the phreatic evaporation curves. Therefore, 3 forms of distribution functions were selected to fit the change of phreatic evaporation with depth. Meanwhile, popular phreatic evaporation equations were compared. The Gaussian function could yield the best simulation for the phreatic evaporation in the bare land with the determination coefficient higher than 0.9 and the root mean square error smaller than 0.1. During the freezing-thawing period, the maximum phreatic evaporation from the lime concretion black soil occurred at 0.08 m below ground surface but at 0.29 m in yellow moist soil below ground surface. For wheat lands, the quasi-Gauss function was the best for constructing phreatic evaporation simulation formula with the determination coefficient higher than 0.9. The maximums of phreatic evaporation from the lime concretion black soil and the yellow moist occurred on the soil surface and 0.23 m below the soil surface, respectively. The soil depth corresponding to maximum phreatic evaporation was smaller in the wheat land than bare land.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Evaporation
Controlled terms:Atmospheric temperature - Distribution functions - Freezing - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Landforms - Lime - Lysimeters - Mean square error - Soil surveys - Soils - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Experimental stations - Freezing-thawing periods - Ground water depths - Huaibei Plain - Long-term experiments - Non-linear regression - Root mean square errors
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444.2 Groundwater - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 922.1 Probability Theory - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.30e-01m, Size 2.90e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20193907472644
Title:Experimental study on hydraulic performance of water-gaging plate for U-shaped canal
Title of translation:U 形渠道量水平板水力性能试验研究
Authors:Wang, Wen'e (1); Zhang, Weile (1); Hu, Xiaotao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:84-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In view of lack of effective regional water measuring facilities for gentle slope canal with silt current in irrigation areas of northern China, a portable U-shaped flat water measuring device was proposed as a flow water measuring equipment in the field. This study was to investigated its hydraulic performance of flat water measuring facilities based on prototype test. The prototype test was carried out in Northwest A & F University in Yangling, Shannxi of China. In order to explore dynamic characteristics and deflection phenomenon of a draping thin plate under the impact of open channel flow, the relationship between discharge and deflection angle of the plate was determined. The flow pattern was analyzed, and the moving water flow was divided into 3 parts. The formula for calculating the outlet flow of gate was applied to the flow relative to measuring device, and the flow calculation model was established. The undetermined coefficients in the flow coefficient calculation model were estimated and a unified formula for flow rate was obtained. The flat shape was made up of a rectangle and a semicircle, arc radius were respectively 16, 12, 10 and 8 cm, and the corresponding contraction ratios were 0.715, 0.547, 0.439 and 0.337. The measuring device was installed at 5.0 m far from the inlet of upstream of U-shaped channel. The base slope of the channel was 1/2 000. The triangular weir was installed at the end of the downstream of the channel to measure current flow. A total of 10 sections were used to observe the flow characteristics. The current range of U plate measuring device was 9-44 L/s (9 work conditions for each contraction ratio). The results from the prototype experiment was used to compute model parameters and validate the simulation results. The result showed that the maximum relative error between the measured flow rate and the calculated flow rate was 6.9%, with an average relative error of 3.2%. For the contraction ratio of 0.439 and 0.547, the plate flow measurement errors were less than 5%, which met the water measured requirement of irrigation area. It indicated that the current calculation model had a high accuracy. With the same contraction ratio, the relative head loss ratio decreased with the increase of flow rate, the relative head loss ratio increased with the increase of plate contraction ratio. The ratio of relative head loss was more than 10% when the plate contraction ratio was 0.715 plate at the low flow rate (about 10 L/s in this test), and the relative head loss ratio of the remaining plate was less than 10%. Besides, the maximum relative head loss of plate contraction ratio of 0.337 and 0.439 was not higher than 6%. After comprehensive analysis, 0.547 to 0.439 were chosen as the best plate contraction ratio. In practical application, devices such as wind prevention, instrument protection should be installed externally to reduce the influence of wind load and meteorological factors on measurement accuracy. The trash gate should be installed along the upstream to intercept the floating objects such as weeds. When this device was not used for measuring discharge and before the channel froze in winter, the device should be turned up to the vertical statement, which didn't affect the channel water delivery. According to different sizes of U-shaped canals, the appropriate bottom arc radius should be selected to make the plate.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Open channel flow
Controlled terms:Canals - Errors - Flow of water - Flow patterns - Flow rate - Hydraulic machinery - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation - Rivers
Uncontrolled terms:Angle - Comprehensive analysis - Discharge coefficients - Dynamic characteristics - Head loss - Maximum relative errors - Meteorological factors - Undetermined coefficients
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 631 Fluid Flow - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 5.00e+00m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20193907472658
Title:Mechanism behind densification and yield increase of spring maize with different density-tolerance regulated by subsoiling
Title of translation:深松对不同耐密性春玉米增密增产调控机制
Authors:Yu, Xiaofang (1); Sun, Hongli (1); Gao, Julin (1); Wang, Zhigang (1); Yang, Hengshan (2); Zhang, Ruifu (2); Hu, Shuping (1); Sun, Jiying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot; 010019, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao; 028042, China
Corresponding author:Gao, Julin(nmgaojulin@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:35-46
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the effect mechanism of subsoiling on density-tolerance of maize varieties, and provide a scientific basis for increasing density and improving production in Inner Mongolia plain irrigation area by subsoiling measures. This study was implemened in the three major plain irrigation districts of Inner Mongolia. Different density tolerant spring maize varieties were used as test materials, Denghai 618 (DH618, density tolerant ) was planted in the irrigation areas of Hetao Plain and Tumochuan Plain, Nonghua 101 (NH101, density tolerant) in the irrigation area of Xiliaohe Plain, and Jingke 968 (JK968, density sensitive) in the irrigation area of above three plains. In the experiment, we set up 5 planting density gradients (45 000, 60 000, 75 000, 90 000 and 105 000 plants/hm<sup>2</sup>) under subsoiling and shallow rotation tillage conditions, respectively, and determined and analyzed the indexes of configuration characteristic of root system, canopy physiological characteristics, yield and yield components. The results showed that subsoiling measures improved soil water content in 0-80 cm, and reduced soil compaction. Compared to shallow rotation, the root length and dry weight of maize significantly increased under subsoiling condition. Meanwhile, SPAD value, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter per plant were too obviously improved, especially in late growth stage. From spinning to milk-cooking, the reduction extent of density tolerant varieties leaf SPAD was decreased from 6.8- 10.1 to 6.3-8.9, and that of density sensitive varieties was reduced from 7.6-10.9 to 7.1-10.1. The decreasing range of density tolerant varieties LAI was changed from 0.45-1.32 to 0.43-1.23, and that of density sensitive varieties was decreased from 0.45-1.32 to 0.43-1.23. Subsoiling effectively delayed senescence, prolonged photosynthetic time, alleviated the decline rate of dry matter accumulation per plant with density increasing, and improved the density tolerance of maize. Finally, yields of different density tolerant spring maize varieties were increased under various planting densities, and achieved the effect of increasing density and yield. The responses of different density-tolerant varieties to subsoiling were different. Subsoiling made the planting density of density tolerant varieties reaching the highest yield to increase from 82 800-96 200 to 86 800 -112 000 plants/hm<sup>2</sup>, and the highest yield improved from 13.22-13.81 to 13.88-14.89 t/hm<sup>2</sup>. However, the planting density of density sensitive varieties increased from 81 600-89 000 to 81 700-96 200 plants/hm<sup>2</sup>, and the highest yield increased from 13.2 -14.30 to 13.83-14.80 t/hm<sup>2</sup>. Yield and planting density was fitted with "linear + platform". The results showed that the density tolerant varieties could increase 7 900 plants/hm<sup>2</sup> with yield by 1.37 t/hm<sup>2</sup>, while the density sensitive variety could increase 6 000 plants/hm<sup>2</sup> with yield by 1.06 t/hm<sup>2</sup> through subsoiling measure. Variance analysis of maize plant characters responsing to subsoiling in three plain irrigation in three plain irrigation areas showed that the root length, root dry weight, LAI, group dry matter quality and yield of maize shoots were significantly (P< 0.05) different in different ecological regions. Path analysis of plant indices with ecological factors indicated that the main ecological factors of causing interregional differences in subsoiling effect were mainly determined by the after anthesis day temperature difference <10℃, the after flowering sunshine duration <8 h, the after flowering anthesis average temperature and the content of soil available phosphor. The deep loosening effect of density tolerant varieties was more stable among regions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Ecology - Forestry - Plants (botany) - Quality control - Regression analysis - Soil mechanics - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Configuration characteristics - Dry matter accumulation - Physiological characteristics - Plant densities - Spring maize - Subsoiling - Temperature differences - Tillage
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 8.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20193907472665
Title:Design and experiment of 4YZT-2 type self-propelled fresh corn double ridges harvester
Title of translation:4YZT-2型自走式鲜食玉米对行收获机设计与试验
Authors:Zhang, Xirui (1); Wu, Peng (1); Wang, Keheng (2); Li, Yue (1); Shang, Shuqi (3); Zhang, Xiumei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China; (2) Shandong Ju Ming Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Zibo; 256499, China; (3) School of Mechanics and Electrics Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China
Corresponding author:Shang, Shuqi(sqshang@qau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the expansion of fresh corn planting scale, the supporting agricultural machinery has not been developed correspondingly. At present, manual harvesting is still the main harvesting method in most areas, resulting in low harvesting efficiency and difficulty in meeting market demand. Aiming at that, a harvester adapted to the scale of fresh corn cultivation in China was designed in this research. Simultaneously, due to the special picking conditions of fresh corn, instead of the traditional ear picking roller or pulling stem plate picking platform, the ear breaking process of fresh corn from top to bottom was completed by oblique ear picking roller, so as to reduce the pressure on corn ear and separate ear from stem. Furthermore, through the method of special picking process, the 4YZT-2 type self-propelled fresh corn double ridges harvester was designed, which was mainly composed of ear picking platform, corn ear conveyer, hydraulic power device, diesel engine power system, travelling device and ear collecting box. Subsequently, field experiment were carried out in order to verify the reliability and practicability of harvester. The height of the picking platform, the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, and picking roller gap were used as test factors to carry out the regression orthogonal test. The stem feeding success rate and the ear damage rate were taken as experimental evaluation index to test the machine performance. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the stem feeding success rate was as follows: the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, the height of the picking platform, and the picking roller gap; The order of the factors affecting the ear damage rate was as follows: the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, the picking roller gap and the height of the picking platform. The analysis of variance and response surface was obtained using Design-Expert 8.0.6 to verify the correctness of the range analysis. Ultimately, the significance order in the range analysis was proved consistence with that from variance analysis. Moreover, the influence of each factor on the ear damage rate was extremely significant (P<0.01). The optimal parameters were 47.5 cm for the height of the picking platform, 525 r/min for the speed of clamping and pulling stem belt, and 29.5 mm for the picking roller gap. The stem feeding success rate was 81%, and the ear damage rate was 5.4%. The corresponding parameters were tested and verified in another field experiment, and the corresponding results of the two performance evaluation indices under optimized working parameters were obtained: with the stem feeding success rate of 83%, and the ear damage rate of 4.7%. The study provided a technical support for the mechanization of special corn harvesting, and its picking method also can be a reference for the development of other types of corn harvesters.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Harvesters
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cultivation - Design - Feeding - Harvesting - Hydraulic machinery - Machine design - Rollers (machine components)
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental evaluation - Field trial - Fresh corn - Harvesting methods - Low-loss - Machine performance - Performance evaluation index - Working parameters
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 5.40e+00%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+01%, Rotational_Speed 5.25e+02RPM, Size 2.95e-02m, Size 4.75e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20193907472646
Title:Subsurface drains layout in arid areas with purposes of salt control and discharge
Title of translation:考虑排盐和控盐的干旱区暗管布局参数研究
Authors:Qian, Yingzhi (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Wu, Jingwei (1); Huang, Jiesheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Jiesheng(sdjshuang@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:74-83
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Subsurface drainage has been widely used to prevent saline-alkali soil. However, it remains a concern to determine the layout of subsurface drains in arid areas while considering its complex hydrogeological conditions, e.g., deep groundwater table, arid climate, and strong spatial soil heterogeneity. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the method of determining layout parameters, e.g., spacing and depth of subsurface drains in arid region. The leaching salt will move upward due to strong evaporation in arid areas, which limits the evaluation index of desalination rate to evaluate the effect of subsurface drains. So, there are 3 major objects in this study: 1) to define an additional evaluation index to evaluate the effect of subsurface drains; 2) to determine relationship between the layout parameters of subsurface drains and the effects of subsurface drains for controlling or discharging soil salt; and 3) to evaluate the impacts of soil characteristics on effects of subsurface drains for controlling or discharging soil salt. The evaluation index, ratio of salt discharge to leaching, is defined and used with desalination rate to evaluate the effects of subsurface drains for controlling or discharging soil salt. The experimental data of salt leaching under the subsurface drainage condition in Xinjiang was used to calibrate and validate the HYDRUS-2D model. 16 scenarios of numerical experiments were implemented to calculate the soil salt transport under different layout parameters of subsurface drains with 6 different spacing (100, 200, 300, 500, 1 000, 1 500 cm) under 3 different depths (60, 100, 150 cm). 1 scenario without subsurface drain was carried out for comparison. The soil salinity and desalination rate as well as ratio of salt discharge to leaching were calculated for evaluation. In addition, 4 different soil types (loam, silt, silt loam, sandy clay loam) under the same depth of 1 m and spacing of 10 m were used to analyze the effect of soil texture on the effects of salt leaching and discharge of subsurface drains. The results showed that the simulation values were in good agreement with observed ones, and the established model could simulate soil water and salt transport under subsurface drains. The spacing of the subsurface drains showed strong impact on the desalination rate while no obvious impact was found from the depth of the subsurface drains and soil characteristics. There was an exponential relationship between the desalination rate and spacing of subsurface drains. The spacing and depth of the subsurface drains and the soil characteristics had significant effects on the ratio of salt discharge to leaching. The exponential and linear relationship between ratio of salt discharge to leaching with the spacing and depth could be established, and also the ratio of salt discharge to leaching was exponentially related to saturated hydraulic conductivity. The empirical formula of the desalination rate and ratio of salt discharge to leaching with the layout parameters of subsurface drains under the specific soil and leaching schedule was established. The ratio of salt discharge to leaching was considered as a more appropriate evaluation index in arid areas because it could clearly distinguish leaching and discharging salt and it was sensitive to the layout parameters and soil characteristics. Furthermore, an empirical formula representing the relationship between the ratio of salt discharge to leaching with layout parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity was established, which could be used to determine the layout parameters according to the different objects of controlling or discharging soil salt. The calculation results were compared with those from the Professional Standard. The results showed that the calculated spacing from the proposed formula equaled to that from the Professional Standard formula with the ratio of salt discharge to leaching equaled to 500%. This study provides a possible quantitative evaluation method to determine the layout parameters in arid areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Leaching
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Desalination - Drainage - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Hydraulic conductivity - Hydrogeology - Parameter estimation - Petroleum reservoir evaluation - Silt - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Textures - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Buried depth - Hydrogeological conditions - Professional standards - Quantitative evaluation methods - Salinity - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Spacing - Subsurface drains
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 444.2 Groundwater - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 632.1 Hydraulics - 802.3 Chemical Operations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+02%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 1.50e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20193907472608
Title:Simulation and experiment of soil casting during oblique submerged reversely rotary tillage
Title of translation:斜置潜土逆转旋耕抛土仿真及试验
Authors:Gao, Jianmin (1); Liu, Xingda (1); Qi, Huidong (1); Lakhiar, I.A. (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education & Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:54-63
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Deep rotary tillage is a hot and difficult problem in the research field of tillage machinery. Scholars at home and abroad have made a lot of explorations on deep rotary tillage technology and theory. At present, deep rotary tillage is mainly realized through the following three methods: 1) plowing depth was increased by directly increasing the diameter of the knife roller; 2)Two-axis stratified rotary tillage. Two rows of knife rollers are set in front and back for the first rotary tillage of the former one, and then the latter one for further rotary tillage; 3) subsoil reverse rotary tillage, that is, deep tillage is achieved by sinking the knife shaft below the surface. These three methods can achieve the goal of deep rotation tillage, but they all have their own disadvantages. Considering the characteristics of oblique rotary tilling and reverse tilling, the principle of oblique submerged reverse rotary tillage is put forward in this paper, which can not only destroy the soil by "pull" but also reduce the heaping soil as well as make the central transmission box easy to sink subsoil, and realize low energy consumption deep tilling with short knife. The back-up amount of tilting rotary tilter directly depends on the performance of tilting rotary tilter. Oblique submerged reverse rotary tillage is put forward in this paper. It is important to study the mechanism of throwing soil to optimize the design of this machine. Oblique submerged reverse rotary tillage is a new type of rotary tillage. It is important to study the mechanism of throwing soil to optimize the design of inclined subterranean reversal rotary tiller. In this paper, a simulation model of SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) is established on the LS-DYNA platform. The model is used to reverse the rotary tillage in different working conditions. The simulation results show that the post-soil rate of different layers in the reverse rotation of different parameters under different parameters is obtained. The post-soil rate of different layers obtained under the same conditions and the post-casting of different layers obtained by the indoor soil trough test are obtained. The soil rate was compared and analyzed. The verification results show that the maximum simulation error is 12.50%, the minimum simulation error is 0.20%, and the average error is 3.09%. Applying the corrected simulation model, the oblique angle, the forward speed, the depth of the submerged soil and the speed of the cutter roll were taken as the four factors of the test, and three levels were taken for each factor. Afterwards, the throwing rate was measured and the tilt was set. The virtual orthogonal experiment of reversing the rotary tillage and throwing soil was conducted. The test results were analyzed by the range analysis method, the variance analysis method and the regression analysis method. The data analysis results show that the primary and secondary order of the impact rate after the impact is the subsoil depth and the oblique angle, the forward speed and the knife roll speed. The influence on the post-lost rate is not significant, and the mathematical relationship model of the subsoil depth, the oblique angle and the post-lost rate is obtained. According to the results of virtual experiment, the physical prototype of the inclined submersible soil reverse rotation tillage machine was optimized and the field experiment was carried out. The field test results showed that the reverse rotation of the inclined subterranean soil successfully solved the problem of the rotary tiller bracket and the central transmission box. And with the R175 standard rotary cultivator, the tilling depth of 20 cm was achieved, and deep tilling using short knife was realized in this paper.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Underwater soils
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cultivation - Design - Energy utilization - Errors - Experiments - Hydrodynamics - Machine design - Regression analysis - Rolls (machine components) - Rotation - Simulation platform - Virtual reality
Uncontrolled terms:Low energy consumption - Mathematical relationship - Orthogonal - Orthogonal experiment - Regression analysis methods - Rotary tillages - Smoothed particle hydrodynamics - Variance analysis methods
Classification code:471.1 Oceanography, General - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 3.09e+00%, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20193907472659
Title:Prediction model of avocado ripening process based on sensory quality at room temperature
Title of translation:基于感官品质的油梨常温后熟进程预测模型
Authors:Li, Biansheng (1); Peng, Hongmei (1); Zhang, Derun (1); Ruan, Zheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510640, China
Corresponding author:Ruan, Zheng(zhruan@scut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:285-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:'Hass' avocado is enjoyed by consumers worldwide due to its rich flavor, high overall quality and health related attributes. The nutritional and dense phytochemical composition of avocado is attracting more consumers. Avocados do not ripen on the tree and must be ripened after harvest, which means that most or all of the ripening process needs to be carefully controlled in the commercial postharvest environment. In view of the problems that the storage time and quality changes of avocado during the storage and transportation in the Chinese avocado market are difficult to be controlled, as well as that avocado is easy to be damaged, the color of the avocado peel, the hardness of the avocado pulp, and the sensory quality indicators at room temperature (25±1℃, 75% RH) were measured to monitor their intrinsic variation during ripening in this study. The Pearson correlation analysis between the affection degree of avocado flesh and the color difference, hardness, respiration rate, weight loss rate, respectively, was also performed. At last, the prediction model for the ripening of avocado was developed based on first-order functional equation, logistic equation of dry weight loss rate-and the color difference a* value-storage time. The results showed that the weight of avocado fruit decreased from 195.2±0.9 to 181.2±0.8 with the prolongation of storage time (0-9 d), and the daily weight loss rate and respiration rate increased first at the storage time of 0~3 d and then decreased sharply. Conversely, the peel color, characterized by L* (34.66±1.27), a<sup>*</sup> (-10.69±1.29) and b<sup>*</sup> values (18.31±1.56), changed significantly when the storage time was less than 3 d, and then tended to constant (~25.63, ~4.19, and~3.45, respectively). However, the avocado flesh hardness decreased from 144.2N to 8.04N during storing for 3 d and reached equilibrium when the storage time exceeded 3 h. Additionally, apart from the respiratory rate (r=-0.221), the dry weight loss rate, peel color (L<sup>*</sup>, a<sup>*</sup> and b<sup>*</sup> values), and avocado flesh hardness during storing at room temperature were significantly correlated with sensory preference scores (P<0.01), in which the dry weight loss rate (r=0.840)and a<sup>*</sup> value (r=0.915) were positively related to sensory preference scores, and flesh hardness (r=-0.954), L<sup>*</sup> (r=-0.947), and b<sup>*</sup> values (r=-0.952) were negatively related to sensory preference scores. Based on determination of the color of avocado peel were nondestructive, fast, convenient, herein a* value was selected as key indicators to establish the prediction model of avocado quality change during storing. At the storage time of 0-9 d, the a* value was fitted well based on logistic equation. R<sup>2</sup> values was 0.993. In the validation experiments, when a* value less than 4, the predicted and the measured values have a good linear correlation, the decision coefficient is 0.996, indicating that the developed model can be used to predict the ripening period of avocado at room temperature when a* value less than 4. The research results in this work can provide favorable guidance and basis for quality control of avocado.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Color - Colorimetry - Correlation methods - Forecasting - Hardness - Models - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Avocado - Functional equation - Logistic equations - Pearson correlation analysis - Phytochemical composition - Ripening - Sensory preferences - Storage and transportations
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941.4 Optical Variables Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.44e+02N to 8.04e+00N, Time 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20193907472603
Title:Dehydration parameters optimization of water hyacinth solid-liquid separator and pilot operation effect
Title of translation:水葫芦固液分离机脱水参数优化及中试运行效果
Authors:Du, Jing (1); Xi, Yonglan (1); Jin, Hongmei (1); Qian, Yuting (1); Chang, Zhizhou (1); Ye, Xiaomei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Recycling Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Xiaomei(yexiaomei610@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:204-209
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water hyacinth is one of the most fertile plants in the world and is considered to be one of the most difficult aquatic plants to control because of its strong reproductive ability and easy diffusion. As the moisture content of water hyacinth plant is up to 95%, the dewatering of water hyacinth becomes the key technical link to realize its subsequent resource and harmless utilization, and the degree of dehydration becomes the bottleneck restricting its subsequent treatment. In the previous work, the influence factors such as dehydration mode of water hyacinth, nutrient loss rule of spiral solid-liquid separation and different degree of comminution are studied. At the same time, the pilot-scale pretreatment scheme of water hyacinth in large-scale treatment is compared, but research on the technical parameters of water hyacinth dehydration in large-scale treatment is limited. In order to obtain the technical parameters of large-scale treatment and disposal of water hyacinth with low cost and high efficiency, this study was based on the working condition of 50 t/d processing ability, based on the SHJ- 400 water hyacinth solid-liquid separator and horizontal cutter shaker developed independently. The effects of crushing size, feed amount and extrusion dewatering residence time on the large-scale dehydration effect of water hyacinth were studied by single factor test, and the distribution of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in dewatering residue and extruded juice were obtained at the same time. The results showed that the suitable solid-liquid separation technical parameters of water hyacinth were obtained, that was, the suitable comminution diameter of water hyacinth was 20 - 30 mm, the feed quantity was 8 t / h, and the retention time of extrusion and dehydration was 3 min. The percentage of dry matter in dewatered residue and extruded juice of hyacinth was 61.67% - 65.48% and 34.52%-38.33%, respectively, while most nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients remained in extruded juice. The capacity reduction rates of water hyacinth crushing and solid-liquid separation were 50.25% and 93.70%, respectively. In addition, taking the treatment capacity 50 t/d demonstration project as the test platform, the operating effect parameters of the dehydration operation under the actual operation condition were obtained, that was, under the condition of the initial moisture content of the water hyacinth 95.08%, after solid-liquid separation, the moisture content of dewatered residue of water hyacinth was 83.21%, the dewatering rate was 78.59%, and the treatment capacity of water hyacinth solid-liquid separator was 6.25 t / h. The cost of solid-liquid separation of water hyacinth was 4.40 yuan/t. We obtained low cost and high efficiency water hyacinth large-scale treatment dewatering operation technical scheme, and provided the technical support for forming the whole solution of the water hyacinth large-scale treatment and disposal project.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Water treatment
Controlled terms:Costs - Crushing - Dehydration - Dewatering - Efficiency - Extrusion - Liquids - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Optimization - Phosphorus - Potassium - Residence time distribution - Separators
Uncontrolled terms:Initial Moisture Content - Parameters optimization - Pilot run - Solid liquid separation - Solid-liquid separators - Technical parameter - Treatment and disposal - Water Hyacinth
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 549.1 Alkali Metals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.1 Probability Theory - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.57e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 2.02e+00kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 5.25e-01kg/s, Percentage 3.45e+01% to 3.83e+01%, Percentage 5.02e+01%, Percentage 6.17e+01% to 6.55e+01%, Percentage 7.86e+01%, Percentage 8.32e+01%, Percentage 9.37e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Size 2.00e-02m to 3.00e-02m, Time 1.80e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20193907472652
Title:Model of regulating displacement ratio in full power shifting process of hydro-mechanical variable transmission
Title of translation:液压机械无级传动全功率换段过程排量比调节模型
Authors:Yang, Shujun (1); Zhang, Man (1); Zeng, Panwen (2); Zhang, Yinjun (1); Zhang, Lu (1); Tian, Lin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Vehicles and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) Jianglu Mechanical and Electrical Co., Ltd, Xiangtan; 411199, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:64-73
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hydro-mechanical variable transmission (HMT) is a kind of double power flow transmission system constituted by hydraulic branch and mechanical branch in parallel. HMT has the ability to realize high-power CVT and high transmission efficiency, and is suitable for high-power automobiles. In general power shift process, there are load reversal in hydraulic transmission unit, power flow reversal in hydraulic branch, and function interchange in hydraulic components. At the same time, the speed of fixed displacement hydraulic component changes abruptly, and there is a short time power interruption. To solve the problems of speed fluctuation and power interruption in power shift, based on the five-stage full power shift method by overlapping the double clutches, the displacement regulating law of variable displacement hydraulic component is studied in this paper. An arithmetic type two-range HMT is taken as the research object, and the pressure responses to different displacement regulation are analyzed. The torque characteristic equation in full power shift is derived. The cavity model of closed hydraulic circuit is established, in which the closed hydraulic circuit is simplified to two cavities. Considering the influence of the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic transmission unit, the mathematical model of the displacement ratio regulation of variable displacement hydraulic component is derived. The step change and linear change of displacement ratio are adopted respectively, and the pressure response is obtained by simulation. The results show that the regulation law of displacement ratio has a great influence on the time of pressure building-up and pressure fluctuation. The step change of displacement ratio can effectively reduce the time of pressure building-up, and there is no obvious increase of pressure fluctuation compared with that of the linear change. The power shift time is 0.93 s and pressure fluctuation is 0.64 MPa. In order to reduce the power shift time, the step change of displacement ratio could be adopted. Through the displacement regulation characteristic test of HMT in full power shift process, the pressure response is obtained. The results show that the simulation results of displacement ratio change are in accordance with the test results, and the maximum deviation is 8.93% under the same working conditions. Based on the state parameters of current range and the target range pressure, the mathematical model of the displacement ratio regulation proposed in this paper can predict the displacement ratio target value, and accurately describe the pressure interchange between the high and low pressure circuits. During the double clutches overlapping, the displacement ratio is adjusted to the target value. The pressure interchange between the high and low pressure circuits can be completed in the full power shift process, and the torque is transferred from current clutch to target clutch. The output speed remains unchanged, and the output torque is continuous. When the output torque after speed increaser is 100 and 150 N•m, the power shift time is 1.00 and 1.10 s respectively, it's the maximum fluctuation is 6.80 and 6.84 N•m respectively. The problems such as speed fluctuation and power interruption in the shift process are solved, this study provides a reference for the realization of HMT full power shift control and subsequent research.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Electric power transmission
Controlled terms:Clutches - Control engineering - Efficiency - Electric load flow - Hydraulic equipment - Hydraulic machinery - Outages - Speed - Torque - Transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Displacement regulation - Hydro-mechanical - Power shift - Pressure fluctuation - Torque characteristic - Variable displacement - Variable transmission - Volumetric efficiency
Classification code:602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 913.1 Production Engineering - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.93e+00%, Pressure 6.40e+05Pa, Time 1.00e+00s, Time 1.10e+00s, Time 9.30e-01s, Torque 1.00e+02N*m, Torque 1.50e+02N*m, Torque 6.80e+00N*m, Torque 6.84e+00N*m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20193907472599
Title:Detection of tomato hardness based on hyperspectral technology and modified interval random frog algorithm
Title of translation:基于高光谱技术和改进型区间随机蛙跳算法的番茄硬度检测
Authors:Long, Yan (1, 2, 3); Lian, Yaru (1, 2, 3); Ma, Minjuan (1, 2, 3); Song, Huaibo (1, 2, 3); He, Dongjian (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:270-276
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Tomato has become the most cultivated and consumed vegetable crop in the world, and China has become one of the largest producers and consumers of tomatoes in the world. The pectin content in cell wall of tomato during ripening is closely related to fruit hardness, which is one of the important indicators to determine the maturity and reflect the quality of tomato. The requirement of tomato maturity classification and evaluation promotes the development of non-destructive, fast and accurate detection methods of tomato hardness.Hyperspectral imaging integrates spectroscopy and imaging technology in an analysis system, which transfers tomato maturity assessment from subjective, manual classification and measurement methods. Hyperspectral imaging has been widely used in the rapid acquisition of information to classify, detect or identify the quality of various fruits. A novel method for tomato hardness detection based on hyperspectral imaging and modified interval Random Frog was proposed in this paper. Firstly, hyperspectral images of 120 tomato samples in different mature periods were captured by hyperspectral imaging system covering near-infrared region (865.11nm-1 711.71nm). And the hardness data of tomato was obtained by texture analyzer. Secondly, the spectral data were pretreated by multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and normalized preprocessing to eliminate noise and improve signal-to-noise ratio. The validity of the characteristic wavelength plays a crucial role in the prediction performance of the model. Therefore, we need an effective method to extract the effective wavelength to improve the accuracy of the model. Interval random frog (iRF) algorithm considers all possible spectral wavelengths and ranks all the wavelengths based on selected probability. But one of the disadvantages of this method is large number of iterations and slow convergence. In view of above disadvantages, the traditional iRF algorithm was optimized in terms of constructing initial variable subset method. A modified interval Random Frog (miRF)was proposed to extract the characteristic wavelength effectively. Finally, a prediction model was developed based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) method to detect tomato hardness. The results indicated that the convergence efficiency and accuracy of miRF has a significantly improvement compared with the iRF method. The iRF has selected 100 feature bands, accounting for 40.65% of the full band, and its runtime was 32.1min. miRF has selected 47 feature bands, accounting for 19.1% of the full band, and its runtime was 1.6 min. It can be seen that miRF greatly reduces the running time of the algorithm. The characteristic wavelengths selected by iRF and miRF methods were mainly distributed in 1 582 nm-1 655 nm, followed by 1 160 nm-1 190 nm and 1 353 nm-1 383 nm, indicating that above regions were sensitive bands to tomato hardness. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, the results of miRF-PLSR were compared with those of iRF-PLSR and SPA-PLSR. The prediction set correlation coefficients (R<inf>P</inf>) of the SPA-PLSR model and the iRF-PLSR model were 0.803 9 and 0.936 6 respectively. And the R<inf>P</inf> of miRF-PLSR model was 0.968 5. The root mean square error (RMSEP) of the SPA-PLSR model and the iRF-PLSR model were 0.007 7 kg/mm<sup>2</sup> and 0.004 4 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>respectively. And the RMSEP of miRF-PLSR model was 0.004 0 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>. The experiments results show that the miRF-PLSR model has the best prediction results in all models.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Hyperspectral imaging
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Classification (of information) - Forecasting - Fruits - Hardness - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Signal to noise ratio - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Classification and evaluations - HyperSpectral - MiRF(modified interval Random Frog) - Multiplicative scatter correction - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Prediction performance - Root mean square errors - Tomato
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.91e+01%, Percentage 4.06e+01%, Size 1.16e-06m to 1.19e-06m, Size 1.35e-06m to 1.38e-06m, Size 1.58e-06m to 1.66e-06m, Size 7.12e-07m, Time 1.93e+03s, Time 9.60e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20193907472614
Title:Hyperspectral nondestructive detection model of chlorogenic acid content during storage of honeysuckle
Title of translation:金银花贮藏过程中绿原酸含量的高光谱无损检测模型研究
Authors:Liu, Yunhong (1, 2); Wang, Qingqing (1); Shi, Xiaowei (1); Gao, Xiuwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471023, China; (2) Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Materials, Luoyang; 471023, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:291-299
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:During the storage process, honeysuckle easily undergoes discoloration and mildew under the influence of temperature, humidity and microorganisms, which leads to a significant decrease of its medicinal efficacy and economic value, and even harms the health of consumers. Hence, it is necessary to monitor the quality of honeysuckle during storage. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as the main active ingredient, is an important indicator to evaluate the quality of honeysuckle. In order to realize rapid and effective detection of CGA content in honeysuckle, 500 hyperspectral images of honeysuckle during different storage periods were collected by hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system, and then CGA content values were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Average spectral information extracted from the hyperspectral images and corresponding CGA values were used to build HSI detection models. Because of the non-uniformity of sample surface, baseline drift of instrument, random noise and light scattering, the collected hyperspectral images contained some redundant information, which could reduce the accuracy of modeling. In order to improve the prediction accuracy and efficiency of the model, six spectral preprocessing methods were used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the original spectrum, including Savizky-Golay filter (SG), moving average, standard normal variable (SNV), baseline correction (BC), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), orthogonal signal correction (OSC). Comparing the effects of different pretreatment methods by establishing partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, the SNV-PLSR model obtained the best prediction accuracy with determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.976 6 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.271 1% in prediction set, and SNV was identified as the best pretreatment method for further analysis. In order to simplify the calibration model, the uninformative variable elimination (UVE), successive projections algorithm (SPA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), the combination of UVE and CARS (UVE-CARS), and the combination of UVE and SPA (UVE-SPA) were used to extract characteristic wavelengths from the pre-processed spectrum by SNV method. And UVE, CARS, SPA, UVE-CARS and UVE-SPA selected 192, 51, 17, 26, 9 characteristic wavelengths from the full spectrum. Then, based on the full spectrum data and the selected characteristic variables by five variable screening methods, the linear PLSR and the non-linear BP neural network model were established. The performance of all the models were evaluated by the index of R<sup>2</sup> for calibration set and prediction set, (RMSE) for calibration set and prediction set. The results showed that UVE-CARS algorithm could effectively eliminate useless information variables from full spectrum, and 26 characteristic wavelengths were selected from full spectrum by UVE-CARS algorithm, and the established model based on UVE-CARS algorithm had high accuracy, which was considered as the best feature wavelength screening method. The prediction results of the non-linear BP model were better than that of the linear PLSR model. In all BP model, the prediction accuracy of UVE-CARS-BP was the highest with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.978 4 and RMSE of 0.250 3% in prediction set, respectively, and it was proved that the non-linear model was more suitable for the prediction of CGA content in honeysuckle. In conclusion, HSI technology combined with SNV-UVE-CARS-BP model can realize the rapid and non-destructive prediction of CGA content in honeysuckle during storage.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Hyperspectral imaging
Controlled terms:Coherent scattering - Digital storage - Energy storage - Forecasting - High performance liquid chromatography - Least squares approximations - Light scattering - Mean square error - Models - Neural networks - Quality control - Signal to noise ratio - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorogenic acids - Honeysuckle - Multiplicative scatter correction - Nondestructive detection - Orthogonal signal correction - Partial least squares regressions (PLSR) - Successive projections algorithms (SPA) - Uninformative variable eliminations
Classification code:525.7 Energy Storage - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 741.1 Light/Optics - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20193907472617
Title:Study on straw multi-use potential in China
Title of translation:中国农作物秸秆综合利用潜力研究
Authors:Huo, Lili (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:218-224
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Straw is both a by-product of agriculture and a valuable resource for biomass. Turning straw wastes into resource will increase industrial efficiency, promote the cycle of planting and breeding, and meet the needs of people's livelihood such as clean heating in villages and towns. In China, the zoning layout of straw utilization is still not perfect, resulting in structural excess of straw in different regions and in certain season. The problems of straw resource waste and environmental pollution are outstanding. Based on the theory of comprehensive utilization of straw, we proposed a comprehensive utilization path of straw, which was "agricultural priority, agricultural production, rural energy utilization, and diversified utilization of fertilizers, feed, fuel, base materials and raw materials". The goal was "market user demand orientation, continuous supply of raw materials, comprehensive utilization for agriculture and industry, and significant improvement in comprehensive benefits". The comprehensive utilization potential of straw in China was 876 million tons, an increase was 156 million tons from 2015, Fertilizer utilization potential of straw was 476 million tons; Feed utilization potential of straw was 220 million tons; Energy utilization potential of straw was 120 million tons; Base material and raw material utilization potential of straw was 60 million. Among them, fertilizer, feed and energy utilization increased by 87.224 million tons, 51.232 million tons and 17.20 million tons from 2015. The straw resources in the six regions of Northeast China, North China, East China, South China, Northwest China and Southwest China could be fully utilized. The demand for forage in Central China was still unsatisfactory. Through fertilizer and feed utilization, the directly and indirectly substitution potential of chemical fertilizers was: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 14.816 million tons, phosphate fertilizer (P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) 4.19 million tons, potash fertilizer (K<inf>2</inf>O) 18.851 million tons, saving cost of fertilizers about 6 859 million yuan, equivalent to saving costs for unit straw replacement of fertilizer by 98.5 yuan per ton of straw. Through energy utilization, it could replace 59.824 million tons of fossil energy such as coal, reduce 150 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions, 4.487 million tons of sulfur dioxide, 2.243 million tons of nitrogen oxides, and 40.68 million tons of soot. The economic benefits of carbon emissions trading could reach 2 025 million yuan, equivalent to the increase in straw carbon emissions by16.9 yuan per unit ton of straw. Therefore, environmental and economic benefits were significant. The results of the study provide a reference for improving the comprehensive utilization level of straw, and the government decision-making and industrial development.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Automation - Behavioral research - Carbon dioxide - Commerce - Decision making - Economic and social effects - Energy utilization - Environmental impact - Feeding - Fertilizers - Global warming - Nitrogen oxides - Phosphate fertilizers - Potash - Potassium fertilizers - Straw - Sulfur dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Carbon dioxide emissions - Comprehensive utilizations - Energy - Environmental pollutions - Raw material utilization - Theoretical methods - Use planning
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 912.2 Management - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20193907472578
Title:Diagnosis of nitrogen and magnesium deficiencies based on chlorophyll distribution features of cucumber leaf
Title of translation:基于叶绿素叶面分布特征的黄瓜氮镁元素亏缺快速诊断
Authors:Shi, Jiyong (1); Li, Wenting (1); Hu, Xuetao (1); Huang, Xiaowei (1); Li, Zhihua (1); Guo, Zhiming (1); Zou, Xiaobo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Xiaobo(zou_xiaobo@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:170-176
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen (N) and magnesium (Mg) elements play important role in the growth of cucumber plants, N and Mg deficiencies in cucumber plants drastically affects the quality and most importantly yield of agricultural products. In the published papers, chlorophyll content was used as an indicator for diagnosing N deficiency and Mg deficiency. However, leaf with low chlorophyll content appears both in N deficient and Mg deficient plans, which makes it is difficult to simultaneously detect N and Mg deficiencies using chlorophyll content. In this study, new indicators based on chlorophyll distribution features of the whole cucumber leaves were proposed for diagnostics of N and Mg deficiencies. N deficient, Mg deficient and control cucumber plants were cultured in a greenhouse with special nutrient supply. The content of N and Mg nutrient elements in N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were determined to test the nutrient status of cucumber plants in N deficient, Mg deficient and Control groups. 100 fresh cucumber leaves were collected and used as samples for detecting a chlorophyll distribution map. Firstly, hyperspectral images of cucumber leaves in the calibration set were collected and chlorophyll content of the cucumber leaves was determined using high performance liquid chromatography technology. Chlorophyll content calibration models were built using the hyperspectral images and chlorophyll content. Secondly, the hyperspectral images and chlorophyll content of cucumber samples in testing set were used to test the chlorophyll content calibration models, and the chlorophyll content calibration model with the best performance was selected as the optimal calibration model. The chlorophyll content distribution maps of N deficient, Mg deficient and control cucumber leaves were measured using the optimal chlorophyll content calibration model. After hyperspectral image collecting, hyperspectral image data of N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were obtained. Then, the spectral data of every pixel in the hyperspectral images was extracted and substituted in the optimal chlorophyll content calibration model to calculate the chlorophyll content at each pixel. The chlorophyll content of all pixels were displayed in two dimension spastically, then the chlorophyll content distribution maps of N deficient, Mg deficient and control leaves were obtained. The chlorophyll content distribution maps of 25 N deficient cucumber leaves, 25 Mg deficient cucumber leaves and 25 control cucumber leaves were determined. Compared with the distribution map of chlorophyll content in the control leaves, N deficiency led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in the whole leaf, and Mg deficiency led to the decrease of chlorophyll content in the area between the main veins. According to these results, two chlorophyll distribution features, the average and standard deviation of chlorophyll content at every pixels in a chlorophyll distribution map, were extracted for diagnosing N deficiency and Mg deficiency. Result showed that an average of chlorophyll content (11.5 mg/g) could be used as a threshold value to diagnose N deficiency, and the diagnostic rates for the calibration set and prediction set were 100% and 90%, respectively. A standard deviation of chlorophyll content (2.20 mg/g) could be used as a threshold value to diagnose Mg deficiency, and the diagnostic rates for the calibration set and prediction set were 93.3% and 90%, respectively. The result indicated that the extracted features could reflect the characteristic of N and Mg deficient cucumber leaves and could be employed to diagnose N and Mg deficiency nondestructively.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Chlorophyll
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - High performance liquid chromatography - Hyperspectral imaging - Magnesium - Models - Nitrogen - Nutrients - Pixels - Plants (botany) - Spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis - Statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Chlorophyll distribution - Cucumber leaf - Distribution - Hyperspectral image datas - Nutrient elements - Optimal calibration - Standard deviation
Classification code:542.2 Magnesium and Alloys - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.50e+01N, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.33e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20193907472676
Title:Artificial cultivation of soil salt crust and effects of its damage rate on soil evaporation
Title of translation:土壤盐结皮人工培育及其破损程度对土壤蒸发的影响
Authors:Zhang, Jianguo (1, 2); Li, Hongwei (1); Li, Yafei (1); Li, Yunuo (1); Ma, Yue (1); Tian, Lele (1); Zhang, Yuxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:138-144
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salt crust is widely developed in arid and semi-arid areas, which has great impacts on earth surface soil hydrological processes, and interference of external forces on mechanical damage of salt crust is common. Shifting aeolian sandy soil in the Taklimakan Desert was taken as an example, different salt solutions (NaCl, Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>, CaCl<inf>2</inf>, KCl) of different salinities (5, 10, 20, 30 g/L) were used to simulate the formation and development of salt crust under saline water irrigation. The air temperature and humidity during the salt crust cultivation were recorded. The optimum artificial cultivation conditions were determined based on the physiochemical properties analysis results of salt crust. Furthermore, the soil evaporation process under the influence of different damage degree of salt crust (damage rates of 100%, 50%, 25% and 0) was monitored. The results showed that the hardness, shear resistance, pH and EC of the salt crust generally increased with the increasing salinity of irrigation water. The thickness and hardness of the crust were the largest for 30 g/L NaCl solution, and its hardness was 24.17 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, shear resistance was 6.73 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, pH value was 7.45, and EC was 3.77 mS/cm. Daily soil evaporation in micro-lysimeters (MLS) increased with the increasing damage degree of salt crust and decreased with the days after irrigation. Soil accumulative evaporation increased with the days after irrigation and the degree of damage. During the soil moisture evaporation, soluble salts gradually crystallized on the soil surface, which not only blocked soil capillary action, but also inhibited diffusion of water vapor into the atmosphere. Meanwhile, it changed and lowered surface soil temperature, thus further reduced soil evaporation. Thus, the evaporation rate of water gradually slowed down and the amount of evaporation per day reduced. Daily evaporation and cumulative evaporation with 100% soil salt crust were significantly different from the other treatments. Cumulative evaporation inhibition efficiency of salt crust on soil evaporation increased with the increasing time after irrigation, and decreased with the increasing damage degree, which indicated that soil cumulative evaporation would change due to the change of salt crust damage. The cover of salt crust had positive effect on maintaining high soil moisture and plant growth in arid regions. Cumulative evaporation inhibition efficiency of salt crust increased with the days after irrigation, and decreased with the increasing damage rate. When the crust was damaged by 50% or 0, the cumulative evaporation inhibition efficiency reached the maximum on the 7th day. When the crust damage rate was 25%, the maximum evaporation inhibition efficiency was on the 4th day.The maximum cumulative evaporation inhibition efficiency of salt crust without damage was 58.84%, while it was only 30.20% under damaged rate of 50%. In summary, soil salt crust could be artificially cultivated, and it has obvious inhibitory effects on soil evaporation, and its damage degree has significant impacts on soil evaporation process. It is of great significance to reveal the hydrological processes of saline soils and to guide the rational utilization of soil and water resources in arid and semi-arid areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Evaporation
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Cultivation - Efficiency - Hardness - Irrigation - Potassium compounds - Saline water - Salts - Sodium chloride - Sodium sulfate - Soil moisture - Soils - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Crust - Damage degree - Evaporation rate of waters - Physio-chemical properties - Saline water irrigations - Surface soil temperatures - Thickness and hardness
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 913.1 Production Engineering - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 3.77e-01S/m, Mass_Density 3.00e+01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.02e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.88e+01%, Surface_Density 2.42e+05kg/m2, Surface_Density 6.73e+04kg/m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20193907472605
Title:Effect of storage time on physiochemical properties and methanogenesis potential of maize straw
Title of translation:存储时间对玉米秸秆理化性状及产甲烷潜力的影响
Authors:Yuan, Lingli (1); Liu, Yanping (2); Yuan, Yu (2); Zhou, Liye (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Hangzhou Energy & Environment Engineering Co., LTD, Hangzhou; 310020, China; (2) Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing; 100029, China; (3) Jiangsu Welle Environmental Co., LTD, Changzhou; 213125, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Liye(zhouliye@heee-biogas.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:210-217
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is a large agricultural country, and crop straw is one of the main components of the agricultural waste. Anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce biogas is an efficient way for straw utilization. Utilizing straws as raw materials in biogas projects are usually need to be stored for a period of time after harvesting. Different storage time has effects on the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of straws. In this paper, we analyzed the change of physical & chemical properties and effects on the BMP of maize (Zea mays) straw under the circumstances of storage time for 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 45 days piled naturally with room temperature. Physicochemical properties, such as sensory properties, total solid (TS), volatile solids (VS), pH, lignocellulose, chlorophyll, volatile fat acid (VFA), ammonia nitrogen, etc., were analyzed under different storage time. The results indicate that the properties of straws tended to be stable after 20 days of storage. As the storage time increased, the water content decreased, and the straw looked like hay after 20 days of storage. The soluble characteristics extracts, such as soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), reducing sugar and VFA, decreased rapidly during storage for 0 - 5 days, and then were stable after around the 5th days. The content of lignocellulose in the storage process was generally increasing. The BMP tests on straws with different storage time showed that the BMP value with different storage time for 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 45 days were 325.49, 315.35, 297.85, 296.71, 295.25, 287.83 and 291.01 mL/g (in VS), respectively. As the storage time increased, the BMP showed an overall downward trend, and the methane production rate of storage time for 0 - 5 d was decreased significantly, while the rate tend was stable after storage for 10 days. The BMP with storage for more than 5 days (10 d, 20 d, 30 d and 45 d) were roughly similar. During the whole AD period, the cumulative methane production trends of the respective experimental group were similar, while the daily methane production showed a higher peak (AD period at 1.25 - 6 d) and a lower peak (AD period at 6 - 10 d). After the two peaks, the daily methane production tended to be stable. The biodegradability of each group showed that the fresh straw (without storage) had the highest biodegradability, and the biodegradability decreased with the storage time lasting. With the reducing of moisture content and sugar content during the storage, the metabolism of plant cells and microorganisms were weakened or even die. Thereby, extending the storage time had slight effect on each property and BMP of straw. There was a significant TS loss during the storage procedure because of the plant cell respiration and the microbial biochemistry. Considering the TS loss, the methane potential loss reached to 36.48%. We concluded that maize straw storage for different lengths of time had a significant effect on the BMP, mainly due to the influence of various chemical components, especially moisture lignocellulose, SCOD, reducing sugar and volatile fat acid. The results can provide reliable references for the straw biogas projects operation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Storage (materials)
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Ammonia - Anaerobic digestion - Biodegradability - Biogas - Cellulose - Chemical oxygen demand - Grain (agricultural product) - Lignin - Methane - Moisture - Physicochemical properties - Plant cell culture - Straw - Volatile fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Biochemical methane potential - Chemical component - Experimental groups - Methane production - Physio-chemical properties - Sensory properties - Soluble chemical oxygen demands - Storage time
Classification code:694.4 Storage - 801.2 Biochemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 0.00e+00yr to 1.37e-02yr, Age 1.23e-01yr, Age 2.74e-02yr, Age 5.48e-02yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 3.65e+01%, Specific_Volume 2.88e-01m3/kg, Specific_Volume 2.91e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20193907472636
Title:Lactating sow high-dangerous body movement recognition from depth videos based on hidden Markov model
Title of translation:基于隐马尔科夫模型的深度视频哺乳母猪高危动作识别
Authors:Xue, Yueju (1); Yang, Xiaofan (1); Zheng, Chan (2); Chen, Changxin (1); Gan, Haiming (1); Li, Shimei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Mathematics and Informatics, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:184-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The high-dangerous body movements of lactating sows are closely related to the survival rate of piglets, which can directly reflect their maternal behavioral ability, and these movements are closely related to the frequency and duration of posture changing. Under the scene of commercial piggery, the influence of illumination variations, heat lamps, sow and piglet adhesion, body deformation, etc., brings great difficulties and challenges to the automatic identification of the posture changes of lactating sows. This study took the Small-ears Spotted sows raised in the Lejiazhuang farm in Sanshui District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province as the research object, and used the depth video images collected by Kinect2.0 as the data source. We proposed a localization and recognition algorithm of sow posture changes based on Faster R-CNN and HMM(hidden Markov model )models from the depth videos. Our algorithm consists of five steps: 1) a 5×5 median filter is used to denoise the video images, and then the contrast of images are improved by contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization; 2) an improved Faster R-CNN model is used to detect the most probable posture in each frame to form a posture sequence, and the first five detection boxes with the five highest probabilities are reserved as candidate regions for the action tube generation in the third step; 3) a sliding window with a length of 20 frames and a step size of 1 frame is used to detect the suspected change segments in the video, and then the maximum score of action tube of each suspected change segment is construct by the Viterbi algorithm; 4) each frame is segmented by Otsu and morphological processing in the suspected change segments, and the heights of the sow trunk, tail and both sides of body are calculated to form height sequences; 5) the height sequence of each suspected change segment is fed into the HMM model and then classified as posture change or non-change, and finally the posture change segments are classified according to the classes of before and after segments belonging to single posture segments. According to the threat degree of sow accident and the frequency of sow behavior, the posture changes of sows were divided into four categories: descending motion 1, descending motion 2, ascending motion and rolling motion. The data set included 240 video segments covering different sow sizes, postures and posture changes. The 120 video segments were chosen as the testing set, and the rest of the video segments were used as training set and validation set for Faster R-CNN and HMM. Our Faster R-CNN model was trained by using Caffe deep learning framework on an NVIDIA GTX 980Ti GPU (graphics processing unit), and the algorithm was developed on Matlab 2014b platform. The experimental results showed that the Faster R-CNN model had high recognition accuracy, and the detection time of each frame was 0.058 seconds, so the model could be practicably used in a real-time detective vision system. For sows with different body colors and sizes, the Faster R-CNN model had good generalization ability. The HMM model could effectively identify the posture change segments from the suspected change segments with an accuracy of 96.77%. The accuracy of posture change identification was 93.67%, and the recall rate of the 4 classes of posture change i.e. descending movements 1, descending movements 2, ascending movements and rolling were 90%, 84.21%, 90.77%, 86.36%. The success plot was 97.40% when the threshold was 0.7, which showed that the optimized position tube had a good tracking effect for sows in the scene of commercial piggery, effectively overcoming the influence of heat lamps and body deformation of sows. Our method could provide a technical reference for 24-hour automatic recognition of lactating sow posture changes and make a foundation for the following research on sow high-dangerous body movement recognition and welfare evaluation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Motion estimation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Automation - Computer graphics - Computer graphics equipment - Deep learning - Deformation - Graphics processing unit - Hidden Markov models - Image enhancement - Image processing - Image segmentation - Lighting - Median filters - Models - Program processors - Viterbi algorithm
Uncontrolled terms:Adaptive histogram equalization - Automatic identification - Body movements - Faster R-CNN - Generalization ability - HMM(hidden Markov model) - Lactating sows - Morphological processing
Classification code:703.2 Electric Filters - 722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.5 Computer Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.42e+01%, Percentage 8.64e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.08e+01%, Percentage 9.37e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%, Time 5.80e-02s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20193907472621
Title:Trade-off of productive and dwelling space of rural settlement in developed areas
Title of translation:经济发达地区农村居民点生产居住空间权衡关系解析
Authors:Zhang, Bailin (1); Jiang, Guanghui (2); Qu, Yanbo (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Economics and Management, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin; 300387, China; (2) School of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) School of Public Management, Shandong University of Finance and Economic, Jinan; 250014, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Guanghui(macrophage@bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:253-261
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It has great significance to study the trade-off mechanism of productive and dwelling space of rural settlement and the optimized of its productive and dwelling space nowadays in China, which is one of the basic means to improve the rural habitat environment and adjust the inner structure of rural residential land. With the development of socio-economic, productive and dwelling space of rural settlements gradually diversified in developed areas such as suburban areas and industrial areas in eastern China, which present reciprocal tradeoffs. These changes distinguish from the abandonment and hollowing of productive and dwelling space of rural settlements in traditional agricultural area. However, current researches mainly consider the rural settlement as a single entity and tend to neglect its inner productive and dwelling space. This paper introduces the concept of ecosystem service trade-off, analyzes the trade-off between productive space and dwelling space of rural settlements in economically developed areas from the aspects of "types of trade-off, driving forces, effects," and then this paper puts forward the idea of optimizing the productive and dwelling space of rural settlement. The results show that, the trade-off of productive and dwelling space of rural settlements which in developed areas, is caused by the diversification of farmers' livelihood and the development of non-agricultural industries in rural areas, farmers have a demand for living apace, industrial and commercial space, and choose various functional spaces according to their needs. According to the spatial combination of productive space and dwelling space of rural settlement, the trade-off types can be divided into residential-industrial space trade-off, residential-commercial space trade-off, residential-rental space trade-off, multi-space trade-off and so on. Land use versatility and the diversification of productive and dwelling space of rural settlement that driven by industrialization and urbanization is the premise of the productive and dwelling space trade-off of rural settlement. The types and its variations of productive and dwelling space trade-off of rural settlement are directly determined by the livelihood and life needs of farmers. While the land plan control by the government and the lack of village planning has exacerbated the process of the productive and dwelling space trade-off of rural settlement. The trade-off of productive and dwelling space of rural settlement improves the livelihoods of farmers and promotes the economic development and the vitality of rural areas, but also causes a variety of negative effects, such as the spatial clutter of rural settlements, the deterioration of human living environment and other problems. The reconstruction model of rural settlement as homogeneous space is far from the needs of farmers. In the future, under the background of the shortage of construction land in rural areas, it is necessary to meet the diversified demands of farmers and the optimizing of the productive and dwelling space of rural settlement by the multifunctional composite and functional improvement of land use of rural settlement. This paper puts forward the concept of productive and dwelling space trade-off of rural settlement, which provides a new perspective for the study of rural residential transition and a new idea for improving the rural space quality and the residential living environment, and promotes the formation of scientific and reasonable village planning. Above all these will serve for rural revitalization strategy in China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:60
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Deterioration - Ecosystems - Housing - Industrial economics - Land use - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Driving forces - Effect - Rural settlement - Space of productive and dwelling - Trade off
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 951 Materials Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20193907472587
Title:Comparison of precision management zoning methods in black soil area based on SOM and NDVI
Title of translation:基于SOM和NDVI的黑土区精准管理分区对比
Authors:Liu, Huanjun (1, 2); Bao, Yilin (1); Xu, Mengyuan (1); Zhang, Xinle (1); Meng, Xiangtian (1); Pan, Yue (1); Yang, Haoxuan (1); Xie, Yahui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Pubilc Adminstration and Low, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun; 130012, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Xinle(xinlezhang@yeah.net)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:177-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Cultivated land allocation is the key link to implement variable fertilization management. According to spatial heterogeneity, a field is divided into several sub-field blocks with different homogeneity to adjust soil and crop management measures. The explanate Machinery Cooperative of Heilongjiang Province is taken as a research object in the typical black soil area, and the SPOT-6 remote sensing images from June to September are obtained. With the support of Arcgis, crop growth can be simulated well with, such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); the soil organic matter (SOM) content is calculated according to the spatial interpolation method; and the field sample information is measured with iRTK2 and converted into the digital elevation model (DEM) raster data. Based on the spatial SOM distribution information, the SOM spatial information with the topographical factors, the spatial information of SOM with both DEM and NDVI in August, and spatial information with 4 phases of NDVI(in June, July, August, and September) are used as input. Since the inputs of this study are different from the previous single soil nutrient information, the synthesis of multiple spatial information can reflect the spatial difference of the study area in many aspects, which is more consistent with the actual influencing factors. The object-oriented segmentation method is used to divide the study area according to the principle of high homogeneity within the partition and high heterogeneity between partitions. In order to find the index elements that can better reflect the actual growth, the partition accuracy under different inputs is evaluated by two standard indicators, pixel standard deviation and Morans index, which reflect the suitability and accuracy of the partition. When the internal standard deviation of pixels is small, which proves that the soil physical and chemical properties and vegetation growth of each field are more similar to the reality; when the Morans index between the partitions is small, which shows that the differences between the partitions are large, and the spatial similarity is not obvious; which conforms to the principle of division of precise management partitions. The results show that the precision of the precise management partition based on spatial information with the 4 phases of NDVI is the highest, the internal standard deviation of the partition and the Morans index are 0.010 and 0.065, respectively. The partition accuracy for spatial information of SOM with both DEM and NDVI is the secondly, with standard deviation of 0.011 and the Morans index of 0.072 respectively. The accuracy for the SOM spatial information considering the topographical factors is relatively lower, with the internal standard deviation of 0.014 and the Morans index of 0.192. The accuracy of the partition based on only the SOM spatial information has the lowest accuracy, which internal pixel standard deviation and the Morans index are 0.015 and 0.223 respectively. Compared with the traditional spatial interpolation in precision management partition, the remote sensing image has advantages in both data acquisition and precision. In addition, the advantage of multi-source spatial data is that multiple factors can be considered comprehensively, which is more accurate than single data. This method saves a lot of time and more efficient than traditional grid sampling partitioning. The zoning results are expected to promoted field division and management in future research.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Crops - Data acquisition - Forestry - Image segmentation - Interpolation - Machinery - Pixels - Soils - Statistics - Surveying - Vegetation - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Evaluation - Multi-source spatial data - Normalized difference vegetation index - Object oriented - Object-oriented segmentation - Soil physical and chemical properties - Spatial interpolation - Spatial interpolation method
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20193907472582
Title:Estimation of maize yield based on projection pursuit with particle swarm optimization
Title of translation:基于粒子群优化投影寻踪的玉米单产估测
Authors:Wang, Pengxin (1, 2); Qi, Xuan (1, 2); Li, Li (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Xu, Lianxiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Li(lilixch@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:145-153
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Scientific and accurate estimation of crop yields is of great significance for strengthening crop production management, guiding and adjusting crop planting structures, formulating social development plans and ensuring national food security. In this paper, the central plain of Hebei Province is taken as the study area, which includes 5 Cities. Remotely sensed vegetation temperature condition index (VTCI) and leaf area index (LAI), which are closely related to soil moisture and maize growth status, are used for estimating maize yields. In view of the fact that most of the previous studies only considered the single growth stage of maize, the main growth stages (seedling-jointing, jointing-booting, booting-milking, milking-mature) are considered in this paper. In addition, the effect of water stress on maize yields at each growth stage is different. Therefore, the projection pursuit method is used to determine the weights of VTCI and LAI at each growth stage of maize. The weights of VTCI and LAI at each growth stage of maize are obtained when the projection direction is optimal, but the optimal projection direction is difficult to determine by traditional methods. To this end, the particle swarm optimization with linearly decreasing weight is chosen to find the optimal projection direction. The weights of VTCI and LAI at each growth stage of maize determined by the projection pursuit method are objective and reasonable and consistent with the growth pattern of maize. Then the weighted VTCI and LAI from 53 Counties (districts) in the study area are calculated from 2010 to 2018 and the yield estimation models are constructed with weighted VTCI and LAI from 2010 to 2015. The results show that except the single parameter model based on VTCI in the overall regression models, the correlation between parameter and maize yields reach significant levels (P<0.05), and most of them reach extremely significant levels (P<0.001). The accuracy of models with the two-parameter is higher than that of models with single parameter. The determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of each City in the study area based on the two-parameter model is also the largest compared with other models, and the largest in Langfang City with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.472 and the smallest in Baoding City with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.187. Except Baoding City, the R<sup>2</sup> of two-parameter models are higher than that of the variation coefficient method. In order to further verify the accuracy of the model based on the projection pursuit method, the average relative error (RE) and root mean square error (RMSE) are calculated between estimated yield and actual yield of maize. The average RE of the model based on the projection pursuit method is 7.33%, and the RMSE is 566.43 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Compared with the variation coefficient method, the average RE is reduced by 0.88 percentage points, and the RMSE is reduced by 50.56 kg/hm<sup>2</sup>. Based on the two-parameter regression model determined by projection pursuit method, the maize yields pixel by pixel in the study area are calculated from 2010 to 2018. The results show that the yield of maize in the western part of the study area is the highest, followed by the north and the south, and the lowest in the east. During the years of the study, maize yield first declined in fluctuation and then increased. In conclusion, it is feasible to apply projection pursuit optimized by particle swarm optimization with linearly decreasing weight to the estimation of maize yield in the study area, which can provide some reference for yield estimation in other areas.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Particle swarm optimization (PSO)
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Crops - Cultivation - Food supply - Mean square error - Pixels - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Soil moisture - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Leaf Area Index - Projection pursuits - Vegetation temperature condition index - Yield - Yield estimation
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.33e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20193907472666
Title:Estimation of soil salinity by assimilating apparent electrical conductivity data into HYDRUS model
Title of translation:基于表观电导率和Hydrus模型同化的土壤盐分估算
Authors:Yao, Rongjiang (1, 2); Yang, Jinsong (1, 2); Zheng, Fule (1, 3); Wang, Xiangping (1); Xie, Wenping (1); Zhang, Xing (1, 2); Shang, Hui (4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China; (2) Dongtai Institute of Tidal Flat Research, Nanjing Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongtai; 224200, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) Jiangsu Province Coastal Development (Dongtai) Co., Ltd., Dongtai; 224237, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Jinsong(jsyang@issas.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:91-101
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate and real-time information on soil salinity is required to understand the evolution of soil salinization, to develop appropriate management strategies, and to implement practices to improve the soil productivity and ecological restoration. Therefore, describing the accurate process of soil salt transport is of great significance for the precise management of salt-affected soils. Using the proximal soil sensor (electromagnetic induction, type EM38) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method, this study investigated the feasibility of soil salinity estimation by assimilating 1-D hydrological model (HYDRUS-1D) and apparent electrical conductivity data measured by EM38. Soil sampling and periodical EM38 survey at 11 dates was performed in the experimental site, located in a marine-terrestrial interlaced area in north Jiangsu Province. Soil physical and chemical properties, groundwater attributes and meteorological data were also collected as driving data of assimilation system during November 2015 and October 2016. The inversion model relating apparent electrical conductivity to soil salinity was adopted as observation operator, and EnKF method was applied to HYDRUS-1D model to simulate soil salinity on the profile. This study also examined the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to ensemble number, error level and number of soil salinity observation data during assimilation procedure. The main conclusions included: 1) EnKF assimilation method improved the simulation accuracy of soil salinity on 0-1 m profile. In comparison with simulated value after EnKF assimilation and HYDRUS-simulated value, the root mean square error of EnKF assimilation value decreased and the NSE of EnKF assimilation value increased. This indicated that EnKF assimilation value was more accurate than the simulated value after EnKF assimilation, whereas the simulated value after EnKF assimilation was better than HYDRUS-simulated value; 2) The simulated value after EnKF assimilation was closer to the measured value than HYDRUS-simulated value, and the soil salinity adjustment of EnKF assimilation value was greater than those of simulated value after EnKF assimilation and HYDRUS-simulated value during the assimilation procedure. In general, the adjustment amount of soil salinity was small when the temporal dynamics of soil salinity was flat for EnKF assimilation, whereas drastic soil salinity dynamics resulted in the increase of adjustment amount, for instance the soil salt leaching in the rainy season, indicating the improvement of simulation accuracy. The difference between simulated value after EnKF assimilation and measured value varied from -0.137 to 0.227 g/kg, with an average of 0.097 g/kg, whereas the difference between HYDRUS-simulated value and measured value ranged between 0.082 and 0.437 g/kg, with an average of 0.289 g/kg. 3) Soil salinity assimilation was not sensitive to ensemble size, whereas the error level and number of observation data were sensitive to soil salinity assimilation. The EnKF simulation result of soil salinity for ensemble size 75 was similar to that for ensemble size 100, and no further improvement was observed when ensemble size increased to 75. Also, no further improvement occurred when the error level of observation data exceeded 10% during the EnKF assimilation. Generally, high error level and low involved number of observation data in the EnKF assimilation resulted in large deviation, and vice versa. The improvement of surface soil observation data to the simulation of deep soil salinity attenuated with the increase of soil depth, and the assimilation of deep soil salinity was more sensitive to the involved number of observation data than that of surface soil salinity. It was concluded that, using the ensemble Kalman filter method, the coupled application of HYDRUS model and apparent electrical conductivity data improved the simulation performance of soil salinity. This study provided an effective way for the prediction of large scale ecological processes using multi-source data and mechanism model. More efforts should be diverted to the integration and assimilation of multi-source data at larger scales, such as the proximally sensed data and remote sensing data, and the optimization of model parameter and observation data acquisition frequency.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Data acquisition - Ecology - Electric conductivity - Electromagnetic induction - Errors - Flow of water - Groundwater - Kalman filters - Mean square error - Meteorology - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Data assimilation - Electrical conductivity - Ensemble Kalman Filter - Salinity - Salt transport
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20193907472643
Title:Wheat stripe rust monitoring by random forest algorithm combined with SIF and reflectance spectrum
Title of translation:利用随机森林法协同SIF和反射率光谱监测小麦条锈病
Authors:Jing, Xia (1); Bai, Zongfan (1); Gao, Yuan (1, 2); Liu, Liangyun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geometrics, Xi'an University of Science and Technoology, Xi'an; 710054, China; (2) Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing; 100094, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:154-161
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The prevalence of wheat stripe rust has a significant impact on the production of winter wheat all over the world. An effective monitoring and warning of this disease is imperative to ensure the quality of wheat production. Remote sensing detection of wheat stripe rust is important for agriculture management and decision. The reflectance spectrum is closely related to the changes of biomass. It cannot, however, directly reveal the photosynthetic physiological state of vegetation. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF) can sensitively reflect the photosynthetic vitality of crops, and the canopy's solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence signal includes the fluorescence characteristics of physiological changes caused by plant disease stress. In order to improve detection precision of wheat stripe rust, this study made full use of the advantages of reflectance spectroscopy for the detection of crop biochemical parameters and the advantages of chlorophyll fluorescence in photosynthetic physiological diagnosis, a remote sensing study on the severity of wheat stripe rust was carried out by using random forest (RF) and other machine learning algorithms synergistic SIF and reflectance differential spectral index in the canopy of wheat. Firstly, based on Fraunhofer line principle, three bands fraunhofer line discrimination(3FLD) algorithm was used to predict the intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence in O<inf>2</inf>-A band (760 nm). Then 11 reflectance differential spectral indices, which are sensitive to the severity of wheat stripe rust disease were selected. Based on RF and back propagation(BP) neural network algorithm, a model for predicting the severity of wheat stripe rust with differential reflectance spectral index and canopy SIF was established. The study incorporated a cross-checking method based on measurements of control samples. Fifty-two raw crop samples were randomly divided into two parts three times, the first part including 39 datasets was used as the training set for the model building, and the remaining 13 data samples were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The results showed that: 1) There is a significant negative correlation between SIF and the disease severity of wheat stripe rust. Remote sensing detection of wheat stripe rust severity can both be realized using the differential spectral index alone or by using the differential spectral index and the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence in combination. However, the accuracy of the estimates made by the RF and BP neural network models using the combination of data from the differential spectral index and the solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence were all higher than that for the models constructed using the differential spectral index alone. In the three sample groups, average determination coefficient between the estimated DI using the RF model and the BP neural network model and the measured DI increased by 4% and 14% respectively, and the average RMSE decreased by 33% and 28% respectively. The detection accuracy of wheat stripe rust severity can be improved using solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence combined reflectance differential spectral index. 2) The canopy solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence synergistic differential spectral index were used as sensitive factors, the coefficients of determination between the estimated DI using the RF model and the measured DI were 0.90, 0.93, and 0.98, respectively, which were greater than the coefficients produced when using the BP neural network model for the same group (0.88, 0.84, and 0.92). Similarly, the RMSEs were 0.09, 0.07, and 0.04, respectively, which were smaller than the RMSEs (0.10, 0.11, and 0.09) using the BP neural network model for the same group. Therefore, the model using the RF algorithm was better at estimating wheat stripe rust severity than the BP neural network-based model, and it is more suitable for the remote sensing detection of wheat stripe rust severity. These results have important significance for improving the accuracy of the real-world remote sensing detection of wheat stripe rust, and the analysis provides new ideas for further realizing large-area remote sensing monitoring of crop health.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Absorption spectra - Backpropagation algorithms - Chlorophyll - Crops - Decision trees - Diagnosis - Fluorescence - Learning algorithms - Machine learning - Monitoring - Neural networks - Physiological models - Physiology - Reflection - Remote sensing
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll fluorescence - Random forests - Spectral indices - Stripe rust - Wheat
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9 Biology - 711.2 Electromagnetic Waves in Relation to Various Structures - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 741.1 Light/Optics - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Size 7.60e-07m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20193907472661
Title:Effect of age on collagen content and texture characteristics of yak smooth muscle
Title of translation:年龄对牦牛平滑肌胶原蛋白含量和质构特性的影响
Authors:Li, Shengsheng (1, 2); Yu, Qunli (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China; (2) College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:306-311
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yak is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and there are more than 16 million yaks in China, which accounts for approximately 95% of the world's yaks. Approximately three million yaks are slaughtered per year and the production of meat (skeletal muscle) is approximately 350 thousand tons, while the production of by-product (stomach, intestines, and other internal organs) is approximately 60 thousand tons. At present, those by-products are consumed as low-value products, and the price of by-products is much lower than that of meat, thus, increasing the edible and economic value of by-products is essential. In fact, smooth muscle belongs to a category of muscle tissue that is widely distributed in animal stomach, intestines, and other internal organs. However, smooth muscle has not been treated as meat. Therefore, enhancing the meat value of smooth muscle is a significant goal. In order to investigate the effect of age on collagen content and texture characteristics of yak rumen smooth muscle. The total, soluble, insoluble collagen content, solubility, cross-linking degree, shear force and texture of 1 - 6 years yak rumen smooth muscle were measured. The results showed that the yak rumen smooth muscle total, insoluble collagen and pyridinoline collagen content were significantly increased with the age increase (P<0.05), and the increased rate were 7.61%, 33.86% and 196.46%, respectively. However, soluble collagen content and collagen solubility of yak rumen smooth muscle were significantly decreased with the age increase (P<0.05), and the decreased rate were 30.80% and 35.72%, respectively, which showed the cross-linking degree of yak rumen smooth muscle increased with age increase, while collagen solubility of yak rumen smooth muscle decreased with the age increase. The shear force, hardness and chewiness of yak rumen smooth muscle significantly increased with the age increase (P<0.05), and the increased rate were 96.48%, 91% and 102%, respectively, while cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess of yak rumen smooth muscle were significantly decreased with the age increase (P<0.05), and the decreased rate were 25%, 32% and 39%, respectively, which showed the texture of yak rumen smooth muscle decreased with age increase. Correlation analysis confirmed that the age of yak rumen smooth muscle had a positive significant correlation with the total collagen content, cross-linking degree, shear force, hardness and chewiness (P< 0.01), and had a negative significant correlation with soluble collagen content, collagen solubility, cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess (P<0.01). Moreover, collagen solubility and cross-linking degree of yak rumen smooth muscle had significant effect on shear force and texture (P<0.01). In summary, age of yak rumen smooth muscle had significant effect on the content, solubility, cross-linking degree of collagen and texture. Texture worse with the age increase of yak rumen smooth muscle. Collagen solubility and cross-linking degree of yak rumen smooth muscle had significant effect on shear force and texture. The rumen smooth muscle had suitable eating quality when the yak three years old. Our research identified the collagen content and texture characteristics change rules of smooth muscle at different ages, and the influence of collagen content and texture characteristics, which will provide theoretical basis and data support for the smooth muscle product development and quality control.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Muscle
Controlled terms:Collagen - Hardness - Meats - Proteins - Quality control - Shear flow - Solubility - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Collagen content - Correlation analysis - Cross-linking degree - Qinghai Tibet plateau - Skeletal muscle - Smooth muscles - Texture characteristics - Yak rumen
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+00yr to 6.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.02e+02%, Percentage 1.96e+02%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 3.08e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 3.39e+01%, Percentage 3.57e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 7.61e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20193907472611
Title:Temporal and spatial evolution of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency in southwestern mountainous area
Title of translation:西南山区农业产业扶贫效率时空演化分析
Authors:Wang, Gang (1, 2); Liao, Heping (1, 2); Hong, Huikun (1, 2); Zhu, Lin (2); Cai, Jin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Southwestern University Center for Precision Poverty Alleviation and Regional Development Assessment, Chongqing; 400715, China; (3) School of Land Resources and Tourism, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Heping(liaohp@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:243-252
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Poverty has always been a worldwide problem, especially for developing countries. The agricultural industry poverty alleviation is one of the most effective methods to improve the ability of the poor, improve the livelihood level of the rural family, and achieve sustainable development in the future. With the introduction and implementation of the "precise poverty alleviation concept" by the Chinese government, analyses of whether agricultural industry's precise poverty alleviation can become an effective way to increase the income of the poor or not, determination of what are the leading factors of the spatial and temporal differentiation of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiencies, and further scientifically revealing the poverty alleviation efficiency of the agricultural industry and its mechanism are of vital importance. The previous research mainly focuses on the field of economics, however, in this paper, we used innovative analysis for this research problem from a geospatial perspective using Wanzhou District, a national poverty-stricken county in the Southwestern Mountainous Area with a rate of alleviate poverty of 88% from the year 2013 to 2018 under the government program. The main innovations of this paper included that (1) an indicator system was constructed for factors that affected agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency based on the spatial perspective, and the industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was measured by the improved DEA efficiency model, spatial autocorrelation Global Moran's I model and geo-detector; (2) a framework of action mechanisms between dominant influencing factors and industrial poverty alleviation efficiency was established. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of agricultural industry poverty alleviation efficiency, and its dominant influencing factors in 41 townships in the study area in 2013, 2015 and 2018 were further analyzed by the natural breakpoint classification method, Moran index, and geo-detector, and (3) a framework of the dominant factors that affected the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation was set up, which can be conducive to improving China's anti-poverty model and the mechanism of industrial poverty alleviation, and further provided decision-making suggestions to alleviate the multi-dimensional poverty in the rural areas of the southwestern mountainous area. Moreover, the data in this paper were collected from the Chinese agricultural sector, the township government departments, the poverty alleviation office and the national land department, which was really reliable, the software such as SPSS 25.0,Arcgis10.2 and GeoDa095 were used for analysis. The main conclusions and policy recommendations of this paper were, (1) the industrial poverty alleviation policy had effectively promoted the overall increase in the poverty alleviation efficiency of the county industry in the southwestern mountainous area. Its policy intervention had a positive effect on promoting the poverty alleviation of the poor, the longer the intervention time, the more obvious the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation, especially in deep poverty towns. (2) The industrial poverty alleviation efficiency showed obvious high-value clusters and low-value clusters. The high-value gathering area was located in the flat dam area along the Yangtze River with abundant water resources and flat terrain. The low-value gathering area was concentrated in the high-altitude mountainous area with a steep slope. (3) The substitution of family and economic factors by policy factors and social factors had become the two main types of factors affecting the efficiency of industrial poverty alleviation in Wanzhou District, and the influence of policy factors was greater than that of social factors. Specifically, with the continuous implementation of the precise poverty alleviation policy, the five major social factors of road density, characteristic planting, labor skill training, agricultural insurance and poverty alleviation credit funds, market participation and human resources level gradually replaced the family economy factor, and became the leading influencing factors for the poverty alleviation efficiency. Finally, this paper offers several feasible suggestions for policy direction and future research according to the research results.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Industrial economics
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Decision making - Developing countries - Efficiency - Forestry - Land use - Models - Public policy - Rural areas - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural industries - Introduction and implementations - Poverty - Poverty alleviation - Poverty-stricken county - Spatial autocorrelations - Temporal and spatial evolutions - Wanzhou districts
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444 Water Resources - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20193907472649
Title:Pomegranate juice powder improving quality attributes of yogurts by replacing sucrose in fermentation matrix
Title of translation:石榴汁粉替代发酵基质中蔗糖提升酸奶品质
Authors:Pan, Lihua (1, 2); Liu, Fei (1); Liu, Rui (1); Luo, Shuizhong (1, 2); Luo, Jianping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agriculture Products Processing of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Shuizhong(luoshuizhong@hfut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:300-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pomegranate is rich in polyphenols and is an excellent source of antioxidants, such as polyphenolic substance. However, the concentration of the harvest time, poor shape and inconvenient for eating have limited the sale of pomegranates. Therefore, the processing of pomegranate is beneficial to the appreciation of pomegranate resources. Yogurt a good carrier for bioactive compounds that may offer additional health benefits, is a fermented dairy product suitable for all ages, and the new type yogurts with high qualities and extra functions are more favored by consumers. In order to accelerate the development of pomegranate processing industry, enrich the variety of yogurts and improve the quality of yogurts, in this paper, 1%, 3% and 5% pomegranate juice powder (PJP) whose contents of total carbohydrate, soluble protein and total polyphenols were 0.88 g/g, less than 1.0 mg/g and 0.471 0 mg/g, respectively, was used to replace sucrose in the matrix of set yogurt and the effects of PJP replacement on the parameters in fermentation process, including pH value, titratable acidity, apparent viscosity and lactic acid bacteria vitality were analyze. The Raman spectra, textural properties, rheological properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the set yogurt with and without PJP replacement were compared. The results indicated that PJP instead of sucrose does not significantly change the pH value, titrable acidity, apparent viscosity and Raman spectrum of the yogurt matrix at the end of fermentation, but the substitution of PJP had a significant (P< 0.05) effect on lactic acid bacteria during fermentation and the properties of yogurt. The replacement of sucrose by PJP defered the solidification time of yogurt, the exponential growth time and the maximum activity time of lactic acid bacteria, but it significantly (P<0.05) increased the maximum activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt. It took the control, LD, MD and HD groups 300 minutes, 240 minutes, 260 minutes and 280 minutes, respectively, to reach (4.6±0.1) of pH value, suggesting PJP replacement shortened the fermentation time. The lactic acid bacteria activity of the pomegranate yogurt was 6-7 times that of the control yogurt at the completion of fermentation. What's more, the substitution of PJP could significantly improve the quality of yogurt. The firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity of the control were (65.6±1.9) g, (939.8±61.8) g•s, (14.5±0.8) g and (36.5±9.2) g•s, respectively; while the HD group showed 1.84, 2.26 and 1.76 times that of the control, respectively. PJP-replacement yogurt showed better texture, viscoelasticity and antioxidant activity. Compared with the control, when sucrose was completely replaced by PJP, the total polyphenol content, FRAP and DPPH clearance rate were 1.84 times, 2.26 times and 1.76 times, respectively. Sensory test results showed that PJP substitution of sucrose had a positive effect on the appearance, texture and taste of yogurt, which may be related to the phenolic substance in PJP and the casein interaction in yogurt. PJP can significantly improve the health benefits and quality of yogurt, which is expected to replace sucrose to make healthier yogurt.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Dairy products
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Bacteria - Fermentation - Fruit juices - Health - Image quality - Lactic acid - pH effects - Plants (botany) - Raman scattering - Rheology - Sugar (sucrose) - Textures - Viscosity
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-oxidant activities - Fermented dairy products - Index of viscosities - Lactic acid bacteria - Pomegranate juices - Rheological property - Set yogurt - Total phenolic content
Classification code:461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 741.1 Light/Optics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 931.1 Mechanics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Time 1.44e+04s, Time 1.56e+04s, Time 1.68e+04s, Time 1.80e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20193907472598
Title:Research on definition and estimation method of settlement consolidation potential considering rural building safety
Title of translation:考虑农村建筑安全性的居民点整理潜力界定及估算方法研究
Authors:Wang, Yunping (1); Yang, Weiwei (1); Wei, Mengjun (1); Wang, Yuping (2); Peng, Dan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Human Resources and Social Security Bureau of Xiaoyi City, Xiaoyi; 032300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:13
Issue date:July 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:262-269
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Calculating the potential of rural residential consolidation is the basis and key to the establishment of rural residential consolidation projects. However, according to the existing definition and calculation method of rural residential consolidation potential, it cannot measure the transformation potential of dangerous houses and cannot meet the current requirements of rural residential consolidation. To solve these problems, this paper summarized the definitions of rural residential land consolidation potential proposed by domestic scholars in recent years. Based on the definition of rural residential area and rural residential land consolidation, this paper redefined the definition of rural residential land consolidation potential via considering rural building safety. Then, according to the causes of the rural residential hollow in the study area, this paper proposed a method of calculating the consolidation potential based on the classification of rural residential land. The potential of residential consolidation in Xiatujing village can be calculated using this method as an example. The potential of rural residential land consolidation refers to the ability to improve the intensity of rural residential land use and the living and production conditions of rural residents by using engineering technology and adjusting land property rights and other measures, removing and consolidating existing rural residential areas. It includes two parts: The potential of land use spatial expansion and the potential of improving the living conditions of villagers. The former refers to the area of cultivated land and other land that can be increased through rural residential consolidation, while the latter refers to the area of rural residential land that can be improved through rural residential consolidation. This paper proposed the method of calculating the consolidation potential based on the classification of rural residential land. Rural residential land can be divided into three levels. The first level can be divided into five categories according to land use, including residential land, public service land, infrastructure land, industrial land and other construction land. According to the safety of construction facilities, the first four primary land use categories are divided into three secondary categories: Safety, unsafe and lack of use function. And the third level, according to the use status of construction facilities, can be classified into three categories: Use, idle and abandoned. Other construction land will not be divided into second and third levels. The calculation of consolidation potential defined the land of unsafe and lack of use function in second level, unutilized land and corner land in other construction land as the potential of consolidation. The potential that continues to be used as residential land after consolidation was defined as the potential to improve living conditions, while the remaining potential was defined as the potential of land use expansion. According to the difficulty in land consolidation, the land of unsafe and use was defined as the potential of difficult realization, and the remaining potential was defined as the potential of easy realization. With the calculation method of consolidation potential of residential land classification, the consolidation potential of Xiatujing village can be calculated. The results show that the potential of residential consolidation is 10.66 hm<sup>2</sup>, the potential of improving living conditions is 0.76 hm<sup>2</sup>, the potential of land use expansion is 9.90 hm<sup>2</sup>, the potential of easy realization is 8.19 hm<sup>2</sup>, and the potential of difficult realization is 2.47 hm<sup>2</sup>.The method of calculating the potential of rural residential consolidation can not only be used to calculate the area of increased cultivated land and other land, but also the area of land used in rural residential transformation. Based on the calculation results of consolidation potential, rural residential can be consolidated to achieve the goal of rural dangerous housing transformation and hollow village consolidation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Housing - Land use - Safety engineering
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation results - Consolidation projects - Definition - Estimation methods - Housing transformation - Land consolidations - Rural residential areas - Settlements
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 914 Safety Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.13.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
- 邮编 100125
- 电话 010－59197078/7077/7076
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