<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20193907477216
Title:Sense assessment of odor pollution from landfill
Title of translation:&#22403;&#22334;&#22635;&#22475;&#22330;&#24694;&#33261;&#27745;&#26579;&#23545;&#24863;&#23448;&#24433;&#21709;&#30340;&#35780;&#20215;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Wang, Gen (1); Zhang, Yan (1, 2); Zhang, Chao (3); Zou, Kehua (1); Wang, Jianzhuang (2); Yang, Weihua (1, 2); Meng, Jie (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin; 300191, China; (2) Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin; 300191, China; (3) Beijing Municipal Institute of City Management, Beijing; 100128, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yan(zhangyan_510@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:232-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Landfill is an important guaranteed facility for urban management. The sanitary landfill number was 1840 until 2016 in China, and the handing capacity was about 325000 t/d in cities and 13 5000 t/d in countries. The odor complaints of landfills by residents occurred frequently, one reason was the co-construction between landfills and residential areas in China, the other reason is high moisture and organic content in Chinese landfill. Odor pollution was sensory, the scale of odor impact was determined by the parameters collectively known as the FIDO factors (frequency, intensity, duration and offensiveness ) and L factor ( L, denoting the location, which is often taken to be a surrogate for the sensitivity and incorporation of the social and psychological factors that can be expected for a given sensitive area). However, there was no constitutional assessment method for odor environmental impact. Odor assessment was usually avoided or assessed by the conventional atmospheric environment methods. Aiming at this problem, based on odor guidelines, criteria and researches of various countries and regions, taking landfill as an example, an assessment method of odor environmental impact was researched by multi-tool odor assessment including modelling simulation, sniff testing, plant boundary monitoring and so on. Odor concentration, odor intensity, odor frequency and other evaluation factors were obtained through these tools in order to assess odor pollution. There were three main kinds of odor emission sources in this landfill, including the composting workshop (point source because of collection emission), operating surface (area source), intermediate heap (area source). The wind tunnel sampler was used to sample from the area source for odor emission rate. CALPUFF modeling was used to simulate odor concentration and odor frequency. Odor intensity, odor frequency and odor quality of the sensitive area were recorded by sniff testing to evaluate the odor feeling of residents directly. Besides, the odor concentration of landfill boundary was also gotten by monitoring and investigating odor sources, and it was used to inspect if the facilities were operated properly. The results indicated that despite proper odor management and control measurements of this landfill, odor intensity of plant boundary was high to level 4 which represented strong odor by sources investigation. Odor concentration could be greater than 1 000, odor frequency which exceedance of odor concentration 20 was high to 2%-40% in poor air dispersion conditions through modelling simulation. The sensitive area within 1 km from the factory boundary was seriously affected by the landfill smell through sniff testing; The direction-dependent sensitive points around landfill within 0.3-2.8 km were relatively high disturbed and outside 1.8-4.0 km were relatively low disturbed by modelling simulation. What's more, the residential area located on the east of the landfill boundary within 3-4 km was judged as relatively low disturbed from the landfill. This research results can provide an effective assessment approach for odor environmental impact from landfill in China, it also can provide reference and decision-making tools for environmental management departments and polluting enterprises.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Land fill
Controlled terms:Air quality - Decision making - Environmental management - Housing - Odor control - Pollution - Quality control - Wastes - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Air quality modeling - Assessment approaches - Atmospheric environment - Decision making tool - Exceedance probability - Odor concentrations - Psychological factors - Separation distances
Classification code:403.1  Urban Planning and Development - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 452  Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 454.1  Environmental Engineering, General - 651.2  Wind Tunnels - 912.2  Management - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 1.42e+03kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.41e+03kg/s, Percentage 2.00e+00% to 4.00e+01%, Size 1.00e+03m, Size 1.80e+03m to 4.00e+03m, Size 3.00e+02m to 2.80e+03m, Size 3.00e+03m to 4.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20193907477222
Title:Measurement and analysis of surface roughness of rapeseed mechanized direct seeding operation
Title of translation:&#27833;&#33756;&#26426;&#26800;&#30452;&#25773;&#20316;&#19994;&#21410;&#38754;&#22320;&#34920;&#31895;&#31961;&#24230;&#27979;&#37327;&#19982;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Lichao (1); Zhang, Qingsong (1, 2); Xiao, Wenli (1, 2); Wei, Guoliang (1); Gao, Liping (1); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Liao, Qingxi(liaoqx@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:38-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The quality of seedbed after seeding such as soil surface leveling, soil-breaking rate and seed furrow preparing and so on, are the main factors affecting the seedling rate of rapeseed. A good seedbed is a necessary condition for uniform seedling emergence, increasing the rate of subsequent seedlings and promoting the homogeneity of plants after sowing. In view of the fact that the measurement and data processing methods of rapeseed seedbed surface roughness under mechanized direct seeding cannot fully reflect the real soil surface condition, a method of measuring and quantifying roughness surface area by using laser radar scanning technology is proposed in this paper. The main components of the measuring device are the lidar, linear guide, stepper motor, portable computer and other components. The device can quickly acquire soil surface data in three dimensions through the whole working width of direct seeding machine. The surface roughness data of rapeseed combined direct seeder and no-tillage direct seeder after operation were used to detect the effect of two kinds of seedbed operation on seedbed surface. The characteristics of rapeseed direct seeding process were analyzed, three-dimensional digital modeling and detrend processing of ground data after two kinds of direct seeders were carried out by using MATLAB. The least square method was utilized to eliminate the inclined tendency of seedbed surface, the fourth order polynomial was applied to remove the slope trend in the width direction of the soil surface of rapeseed combined direct seeder. The root mean square (RMS) height and the correlation length were involved as evaluating parameters to analyze the data. Statistical results of roughness parameters for different spatial sampling intervals and different angles cross-section data showed that the average RMS height and RMS height mean error of 170 mm sampling interval were all higher than that of 5 mm sampling interval, the average RMS height of the 170 mm sampling interval was 2.2 mm higher than that of the 5 mm sampling interval, the corresponding correlation length was around 1.8 times the latter; and the RMS height and the correlation length error of the 170 mm sampling interval were higher than that of the 5 mm sampling interval. The maximum difference of RMS height and correlation length of surface elevation data were 7.69 and 25.14 mm respectively in the three directions of 0, 45 and 90 degrees in the forward direction of vertical unit, and there was obvious anisotropy on the surface of seedbed with structural characteristics such as seed trench. Statistical results of local roughness quantification using sliding sampling windows in different size regions showed that when the window width is 0.5 times the compartment width, the standard deviation of RMS height can be stabilized within 0.27 mm if the length of the window is not less than 1.2 m, and the influence of local surface tilt on the roughness calculation can be eliminated by the trend treatment of the tilt of each sampling window. The results can provide reference for the measurement and quantitative analysis of surface roughness in rape direct seeding operation.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Surface roughness
Controlled terms:Data handling - Least squares approximations - Microcomputers - Oilseeds - Optical radar - Radar measurement - Sampling - Soils - Stepping motors
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic analysis - Data processing methods - Direct-seeding - Fourth order polynomial - Measurement and analysis - Structural characteristics - Surface elevation data - Three-dimensional digital models
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 705.3  Electric Motors - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 722.4  Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.70e-01m, Size 2.20e-03m, Size 2.51e-02m, Size 2.70e-04m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 7.69e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20193907477109
Title:Retrieval of soil moisture at returning green stage of winter wheat using MODIS drought index and RBFNN
Title of translation:MODIS&#24178;&#26097;&#25351;&#25968;&#32467;&#21512;RBFNN&#21453;&#28436;&#20908;&#23567;&#40614;&#36820;&#38738;&#26399;&#22303;&#22756;&#28287;&#24230;
Authors:Huang, Youxin (1); Hu, Maosheng (1); Shen, Yonglin (1); Liu, Xiuguo (1); Luo, Qiong (2); Sun, Fei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan; 430074, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430079, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xiuguo(liuxg318@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:81-88
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate and effective drought monitoring using remote sensing technology is essential for regional and global drought warning and forecasting. Especially, soil moisture (SM) is one of the key potential factors affecting agricultural drought. At present, most studies ignore the fact that soil moisture is a complex nonlinear coupling system,the research only using visible light, near infrared, short-wave infrared, thermal infrared and other remote sensing drought index has certain limitations in SM inversion. A new method of retrieving farmland SM of winter wheat at returning green stage based on MODIS and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is presented in this paper. Firstly, the adaptability of various MODIS-derived drought indices is analyzed in the period of seedling establishment of winter wheat, including soil water content, crop morphological change in water requirement, crop canopy water content and temperature and other parameters. Secondly, the correlation between the original remote sensing drought indices and the soil relative humidity 10 cm soil layer was analyzed. A comprehensive evaluation set of apparent thermal inertia (ATI), vegetation supply water index (VSWI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference infrared index band7 (NDIIB7), normalized multi-band drought index (NMDI) and temperature condition index (TCI) are selected to invert soil moisture of farmland. Finally, combining MODIS remote sensing drought index with RBFNN, the SM of farmland was retrieved synergistically, and the retrieved results were compared with those of BP-NN and linear regression (LR) models. The experimental study is conducted in Henan province of China, MODIS reflectance products (MOD09A1) and temperature products (MOD11A2) at returning green stage of winter wheat from 2001 to 2012 were used to extract remote sensing drought indices, and the global land cover product of MODIS (MCD12Q1) is selected to obtain cropland distributions. Soil moisture data is derived from the "China crop growth and development and farmland soil moisture ten-day dataset", which contains the soil relative humidity of 10 and 20 cm soil layer observed every 10 days by 17 soil moisture stations. The results show that the average accuracy of SM inversion model using RBFNN and multiple drought indices is 93.27%, which is increased by 2.92 and 9.97 percentage points compared with BP-NN and LR model, respectively. Most of the data points of the three models are concentrated around the 1:1 line, which indicate that there is a good correlation between the predicted value and the measured value. Compared with BP-NN model and LR model, the deviation between predicted value of RBFNN model and the 1:1 line is the smallest, the higher the regression correlation coefficient is, the higher the determination coefficient is. SM is significantly correlated with ATI, NDIIB7 and VSWI in the early growth stage of winter wheat. Multi-band remote sensing drought monitoring indices can comprehensively reflect the changes of crop physiology and morphology under soil water stress, and also determine the retrieval accuracy of the humidity model simultaneously. In this paper, only winter wheat in returning green stage is selected as the research object, and the comprehensive evaluation index set selected is not suitable for SM inversion of other growth stages of winter wheat, the adaptability of different remote sensing drought indices in different growth stages needs further experimental study. The study provides a new case for regional SM inversion from remote sensing-based drought monitoring indices and neural network.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Remote sensing
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Crops - Drought - Farms - Function evaluation - Functions - Infrared devices - Infrared radiation - Radial basis function networks - Radiometers  - Soil moisture - Soils - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive evaluation index - Crop growth and development - Determination coefficients - Drought indices - Enhanced vegetation index - MODIS - Radial basis function neural networks - Remote sensing technology
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 444  Water Resources - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 741.1  Light/Optics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.74e-02yr, Percentage 9.33e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20193907477125
Title:Mole toe bionics and surface heat treatment improving resistance reduction and abrasion resistance performance of toothed ditching blade
Title of translation:&#40761;&#40736;&#36286;&#20223;&#29983;&#21450;&#34920;&#38754;&#28909;&#22788;&#29702;&#25552;&#39640;&#40831;&#24418;&#24320;&#27807;&#20992;&#20943;&#38459;&#32784;&#30952;&#24615;&#33021;
Authors:Wang, Shaowei (1, 2, 3, 4); Li, Shanjun (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhang, Yanlin (1, 2, 3, 4); Wan, Qiang (1, 2, 3, 4); Chen, Hong (1, 2, 3, 4); Meng, Liang (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) China Agriculture (Citrus) Research System, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) Citrus Mechanization Research Base, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shanjun(shanjunlee@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:10-20
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the process of agricultural ditching machinery operation, the ditching blade contacts directly with soil. The quality and efficiency of ditching operation are closely related to the performance of ditching blade. Among them, resistance reduction and abrasion resistance performance are the most important. Improving the resistance reduction and abrasion resistance ditching blade can reduce trenching power consumption and improve operation quality, which is beneficial to increasing the service life of the blade, improving operation efficiency and saving economic costs. Moles live underground in most time of their life and have amazing soil-ditching skills. The studys show that third toe of mole's front paw is the most critical tool to ditching soil. In this paper, the third toe of mole's fore paw is taken as an object, and the whole tooth of the toothed ditching blade is replaced by the bionic model of the third toe of mole's fore paw. Firstly, the point cloud data of the third toe of the mole fore paw are obtained by 3D laser scanner. Then, the point cloud data are sparsely processed, spliced and encapsulated, smoothed and denoised by Geomagic studio 2017 software, and the bionic model of the third toe of the mole fore paw is obtained. Then the bionic cutter tooth is used to replace all the teeth of toothed ditching blade. Bionic ditching blades are manufactured using a 3D metal printer. The simulation of ditching process is achieved using EDEM software. Power consumptions of bionic ditching blade are 9.68%, 10.44%, 10.22%, 10.70% and 10.95% less than that of toothed blade separately when ditch depths are 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mm. In order to improve the abrasion resistance of bionic ditching blade, five surface heat treatment methods are selected to strengthen the surface of bionic ditching blade: quenching tempering at medium temperature(Blades I), chromizing quenching at high temperature(Blades &#8545;), carburizing quenching at low temperature(Blades &#8546;), laser cladding WC/Ni60A powder alloy (WC mass fraction 40%, Blades&#8547;) and oxygen-acetylene flame surfacing casting WC electrode (WC mass fraction 60%, Blades V). Abrasion weight of 5 kinds of blades are measured by bench abrasion test. Abrasion weight of Blades II to Blade V are 14.17%, 42.05%, 66.98% and 75.96% less than that of Blade I separately. Hardened layer microstructure of Blades I to Blade III are all martensite, and that of Blades IV and Blas&eacute; V are both WC hard phase. Aerage microhardness of Blades I to Blade V are 558, 700, 888, 1 195 and 1 441 HV<inf>0.1</inf> respectivly. And average microhardness of Blade II to Blade V are 25.41%, 59.11%, 114.08% and 158.17% higher than that of Blade I. Abrasion types of Blade I and Blade II are both adhesive abrasion, and average friction factors are 0.67 and 0.57 respectivly. Abrasion types of Blade III and Blade V are abrasive abrasion, and average friction factors are 0.26, 0.25 and 0.22. Field test is completed to compare differences between resistance reduction and abrasion resistance performance of 3 blades. Power consumption of Blade III and Blade V are 11.45% and 5.41% lower than that of toothed blade. Average abrasion weight of Blade III and Blade V are 28.26% and 82.63% less than that of toothed blade. The results can provide references for improving resistance reduction and abrasion resistance performance of ditching blades.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Heat resistance
Controlled terms:3D printers - Abrasion - Adhesives - Agricultural machinery - Agriculture - Biomimetics - Bionics - Carburizing - Computer software - Electric power utilization  - Energy efficiency - Erosion - Flame resistance - Friction - Heat treatment - Laser beam welding - Low temperature operations - Microhardness - Quenching - Scanning  - Soils - Surface treatment - Temperature - Wear resistance
Uncontrolled terms:Average friction factors - Increasing the service lives - Medium temperature - Opener - Operation efficiencies - Operation quality - Resistance reduction - Surface heat treatment
Classification code:461  Bioengineering and Biology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 537.1  Heat Treatment Processes - 538.2.1  Welding Processes - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 745.1.1  Printing Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 914.2  Fires and Fire Protection - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+02%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+02%, Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 2.83e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 5.41e+00%, Percentage 5.91e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+01%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+00%, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20193907477103
Title:Prediction model of moisture in peanut kernel during hot air drying based on LF-NMR technology
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#20302;&#22330;&#26680;&#30913;&#20849;&#25391;&#30340;&#28909;&#39118;&#24178;&#29157;&#36807;&#31243;&#33457;&#29983;&#20161;&#21547;&#27700;&#29575;&#39044;&#27979;&#27169;&#22411;
Authors:Qu, Chenling (1); Wang, Ziwei (1); Wang, Xueke (1); Wang, Dianxuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Grain Oil and Food Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Dianxuan(wangdianxuan62@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:290-296
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanut, which has high economic value, is one of the main oil crops in China. Freshly harvested peanuts usually had high moisture contents, which were about 40%-60%. If peanuts with high moisture content did not dry in time, it was easy to fever and mildew. So it is very important for peanuts drying in time. In this paper, three varieties of wet peanuts, Kainong 71, Kainong 8834-9 and Tianfu 3, were dried by hot air, which temperature was 35 &#8451; and air velocity was 0.6 m/s. And the moisture contents of peanuts, peanut kernels and peanut shells were monitored during the drying process. The changes of free water, weak-bound water and bound water in peanut kernels during drying were studied by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology. The common law of internal moisture changes in peanut kernels during drying process was obtained. The mathematical relationship between the total percentage of moisture relaxation peaks in peanut kernels and their moisture contents determined by the national standard method was established. A rapid detection method of peanut moisture contents was proposed in this paper, which had a practical significance for peanut storage and processing. The results showed that regardless of the amount of oleic acid in peanuts and the size of the peanuts, the drying characteristics of the three varieties of peanuts were similar. The moisture contents of the three varieties of peanut and peanut kernel showed different downward trend compared to the peanut shell. The moisture contents of peanut shell first declined rapidly in the early stage (2-4 h), then slowly due to their fiber structure. The LF-NMR relaxation spectra of peanut kernels of the three varieties all had four main peaks, namely, free water peak, weak-bound water peak, bound water peak and oil peak. During the drying process, the free water peak areas of peanut kernels of the three varieties decreased gradually, and almost disappeared at the end of drying. The changing trends of the weak-bound water and bound water peak areas were obvious. The peak areas of oil peaks did not change significantly, indicating that the oil content in peanut kernels remained unchanged during drying process. The relaxation peak area ratios of peanut kernels of the three varieties in low-field NMR relaxation spectra also showed similar trends during drying. The percentages of bound water peak area and oil peak area showed an upward trend. The percentage of free water peak area showed a downward trend, which was very low at the end of drying, indicating that free water almost completely lost at the end of drying. The percentage of weak-bound water peak area firstly rose, then declined at the end of drying, indicating that some weak-bound water was lost. Therefore, free water and weak-bound water were the main kind lost water in the drying process. In addition, it could be judged that if the relaxation peak of free water disappeared or the peak was very small, the moisture contents of peanut kernels were below the safe storage moisture content. The R² of equation established to predict the moisture content of peanut kernel is 0.888 4. The equation has been validated and the fitting results were good. Therefore, the LF-NMR technology can be used for rapid detection of moisture content in peanut kernels.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Air - Moisture - Moisture determination - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Oilseeds
Uncontrolled terms:Drying characteristics - High moisture contents - Hot air - Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF NMR) - Mathematical relationship - National standard - Peanut - Relaxation peak
Classification code:804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Time 7.20e+03s to 1.44e+04s, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20193907477141
Title:Simulation of operation parameters for waste heat recovery of solar coupled fuel cell cogeneration system
Title of translation:&#22826;&#38451;&#33021;&#32806;&#21512;&#29123;&#26009;&#30005;&#27744;&#32852;&#20379;&#31995;&#32479;&#20313;&#28909;&#22238;&#25910;&#30340;&#36816;&#34892;&#21442;&#25968;&#27169;&#25311;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Zhang, Tao (1, 2); Han, Jitian (1); Yu, Zeting (1); Liu, Yang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan; 250061, China; (2) Taian City Central Hospital, Tai'an; 271000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:239-247
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, the solar coupled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cogeneration system was constructed by combining solar energy with fuel cell in order to realize multi-energy complementary utilization with storing solar energy in another energy source for user at night and cloudy day. The observation stations were set up to measure solar meteorological parameters day and night according to the test requirements of solar meteorological parameters in the heating and power cogeneration system. The test platform of low temperature solar collectors/air source heat pump hot water system was set up to study operation parameters of hot water system. The simulation models of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and solar cooling water were established by using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The simulation results showed that PEMFC stacks output voltage could be effectively raised by increasing the number of single cell and hydrogen partial pressure. PEMFC stacks operation temperature could be cut down by increasing the PEMFC stack output voltage and current but it also prolonged the PEMFC stack start-up time. The inlet and outlet temperature of circulation cooling water for PEMFC stacks was 45-55 &#8451;. When inlet and outlet temperature of circulation cooling water for PEMFC stacks was 50-55 &#8451;, the inlet and outlet temperature of solar cooling water was 40-45 &#8451;, the operation temperature for PEMFC stacks was 80.47 &#8451;, hydrogen reaction rate was 0.015 4 mol/s, and the reasonable range of heat efficiency in plate heat exchanger was 0.5-0.9. The experimental results showed that the average temperature of water tank was 45.55 &#8451; and the operation temperature of the heat pump was 40 to 45 &#8451; in low temperature solar collectors/air source heat pump hot water system. The variation interval of the total average temperature for the low temperature solar collectors/air source heat pump hot water system was 44.24 to 46.94 &#8451; during the worst test period of solar energy environment in winter snow day. The feasibility of solar circulation cooling water was verified by experimental result that was accordance with circulation cooling water temperature interval of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The study results of experiment and simulation showed that the low temperature solar collectors/air source heat pump hot water system which control temperature was 40-45 &#8451;,which can continuously absorb thermal energy of circulation cooling water in proton exchange membrane fuel cell and ensure the normal operation of cogeneration system.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)
Controlled terms:Cogeneration plants - Cooling - Cooling water - Fuel cells - Heat pump systems - Hot water distribution systems - Hydrogen - MATLAB - Molecular biology - Pumps  - Solar collectors - Solar energy - Solar power generation - Solar water heaters - Temperature - Waste heat - Waste heat utilization - Water - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Heat pumps - Hydrogen partial pressures - Matlab/Simulink simulation - Meteorological parameters - Plate heat exchangers - Simulation studies - Solar cooling - Temperature of water tank
Classification code:446.1  Water Supply Systems - 461.9  Biology - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 525.4  Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 614  Steam Power Plants - 615.2  Solar Power - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2  Pumps - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702.2  Fuel Cells - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 921  Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20193907477250
Title:Analysis of composting standards at home and abroad and its enlightenment to China
Title of translation:&#22269;&#20869;&#22806;&#22534;&#32933;&#26631;&#20934;&#20998;&#26512;&#21450;&#20854;&#23545;&#20013;&#22269;&#30340;&#20511;&#37492;&#21551;&#31034;
Authors:Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Li, Ran (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Li, Guoxue (3); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhang, Xi (1, 2); Wang, Jian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:265-271
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, with the rapid development of modern agriculture in China, the production of agricultural wastes has increased sharply. Agricultural organic wastes can be made into organic fertilizer after composting and fermentation, which has the characteristics of increasing fertility and improving crop quality. Therefore, the use of agricultural waste compost and organic fertilizer is in line with the direction of sustainable agricultural development. The composting and organic fertilizer industry in China still has small scattered phenomenon and low standardization, which affects the development of the industry to some extent. Through the systematical analysis and comparison of compost and manure standards at home and abroad, and the analysis of comparative index of harmless, organic matter, total nutrient and moisture content of heavy metals and indicators, the paper points out that China's agricultural waste treatment is lack of professional compost and manure standards committee, N, P, K in the composting products and the lowest limit of organic matter content is higher, and compost standard system and a series of problems has not been established. Europe and the United States professional association has been established for the standard of waste disposal, therefore, suggesting a compost standard or composting association expert committee. At the same time the composting association is responsible for building a compost manure detection network, irregular or organic fertilizer for composting product key indicators of spot check, on a regular basis on the agricultural environment such as soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, heavy metal content, and testing, realizing the whole process from production to use regulatory scrutiny. We will further standardize the production and operation management of organic fertilizers, revise the standards for organic fertilizers, biological organic fertilizers, and marsh fertilizers, and reasonably set the standard limits. There is no mandatory minimum limit for the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter. At the same time, the limits of heavy metals Cu, Zn and Ni are included in the standard system and the limits of heavy metals Pb should be relaxed. Europe and the United States, and other developed countries attach great importance to quality of fertilizer and application of standards, and all the while perfecting fertilizer standards, strictly control quality of compost and manure standards, actively explore technology and evaluation standard, organic fertilizer application on compost characteristic analytical method of process technology, procedures, product quality standards, engineering technical standards series standard, and basicly form a compost standards system. Therefore, China also needs to improve the compost standard system, explore the organic fertilizer application technology and evaluation standards. Through the above measures and improvement methods, the development of China's organic fertilizer and compost industry will be promoted to make the utilization of agricultural waste more effective.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:50
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogeochemistry - Composting - Heavy metals - Indicators (instruments) - Manures - Metal analysis - Nitrogen fertilizers - Organic compounds - Phosphorus  - Quality control - Soil testing - Standards - Waste disposal - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural environments - Application of standards - Composting associations - Organic matter content - Process Technologies - Professional associations - Sustainable agricultural development - Systematical analysis
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 481.2  Geochemistry - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 902.2  Codes and Standards - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20193907477134
Title:Optimization of forming process parameters and water retention performance of straw blocks
Title of translation:&#31224;&#31174;&#22383;&#22359;&#25104;&#22411;&#24037;&#33402;&#21442;&#25968;&#21450;&#20445;&#27700;&#24615;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Gong, Yuanjuan (1); Deng, Nan (1); Liu, Dejun (1); Bai, Xuewei (1); Qiu, Shuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China
Corresponding author:Qiu, Shuo(gcq4032018@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:248-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The preparation of straw-based agricultural water-retaining agent is one of the effective ways to utilize crop resources. It can solve the problems of low soil nutrient content and low utilization rate of cultivated land in arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest Liaoning. However, the characteristics of straw such as dispersed texture, low bulk density, high cost in storage and transportation restrict its large-scale and value-added utilization. As a result, the biomass densification technique has attracted wide attention. To the best of our knowledge, the physical properties of the densified products are influenced by the mixing conditions of raw materials, pressing parameters and types of binders, and addition of high protein yellow soybean meal powder into soil can improve the quality of crops, ripen the soil, kill or inhibit soil harmful bacteria, and achieve the balance of fertilizer supply, while the white sodium polyacrylate as the binder can improve the stability and absorption of the products. Therefore, these two components were mixed with straw blocks proportionally to make samples with different water content in this study, then the mixture was loaded into a compression die (50 mm inner diameter and 80 mm height) that controlled by the WDW-200 electronic universal testing machine. The clamp of the testing machine held the die head and keeps the plumb state. After maximum compression force and compression speed were set by a computer, the machine started to move downward, and densified block was extruded from the die at a room temperature. The quality, diameter and height of the product were measured after a complete relaxation, and the relaxation density was calculated. To explore an optimal forming process of agricultural water-retaining agent, a quadratic general rotary combination design was adopted, with the maximum compression force, moisture content of mixture, compression speed, mass fraction of soybean meal and mass fraction of sodium polyacrylate were test factors. The softwares of Design-Expert 8.0.6 and Excel 2010 were applied for the variance analysis and response surface analysis of experimental results, with the aim to establish mathematical model between the index and each influencing factor, as well as optimize the combination of forming parameters. Furthermore, in the optimum range of relaxation density, the soil condition and climate conditions in Northwest Liaoning were simulated. The water retention capacity of formed blocks with or without the sandy soil medium were evaluated and compared by water release at intervals in a temperature controlled drying oven, and effect of relaxation density was analyzed as well. Results showed that the relaxation density was significantly affected by following four factors (P &lt; 0.000 1), and the degree of importance were maximum compressive force &gt; moisture content of mixture &gt; mass fraction of sodium polyacrylate &gt; mass fraction of soybean meal. Under the condition of relaxation density of 460-540 kg/m³, the optimized combinations of cold forming parameters were maximum compression force of 16-20.59 kN, moisture content of mixture of 8.84%-12.96%, compression speed of 95.56-155.51 mm/min, mass fraction of soybean meal of 16.08%-24.02%, mass fraction of sodium polyacrylate of 4.91%-7.15%. The error was 1.03% in the test verification, which was reliable in prediction. The water-holding capacity of formed block was closely related to relaxation density, the water release increased with drying time, but decreased with the increase of relaxation density at the same temperature. Because the block with larger relaxation density had greater binding force on water, the water retention performance was better. By using the softwares of Excel 2010, it was calculated that the block-sand overall porosity decreased, water release decreased slowly and tended to balance with the double action of filling sand and straw block, so water release of block-sand and drying time conformed to the logarithmic model; while in the absence of sand, the regression coefficients of linear fitting (R² &gt; 0.98) were greater than those of logarithmic fitting (R² &gt; 0.96), so it followed the linear model obviously, the relaxation density was larger, the slope of straight line was smaller, the water retention performance was stronger. In summary, the regression coefficients of two fitting equations were all greater than 0.9, water release in the sandy soil medium was slower and smaller than that without the sandy soil medium, which indicated that water retention performance of block-sand was better, the analysis of water retention was reliable and provided a reference for the application of compound agricultural water retention agent.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Binders - Crops - Drying - Machine components - Materials testing apparatus - Mixtures - Models - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization  - Sand - Sodium - Soils - Straw - Surface analysis - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Arid and semi-arid areas - Block - Different water contents - Response surface analysis - Storage and transportations - Universal testing machines - Water retention - Water retention capacity
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 601.2  Machine Components - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 944.2  Moisture Measurements - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.60e+04N to 2.06e+04N, Mass_Density 4.60e+02kg/m3 to 5.40e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.03e+00%, Percentage 1.61e+01% to 2.40e+01%, Percentage 4.91e+00% to 7.15e+00%, Percentage 8.84e+00% to 1.30e+01%, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20193907477203
Title:Development of pneumatic collecting machine of red jujube in dwarfing and closer cultivation
Title of translation:&#27668;&#21147;&#24335;&#30702;&#23494;&#26685;&#22521;&#32418;&#26531;&#25441;&#25342;&#26426;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Zhang, Xuejun (1, 2); Bai, Shenghe (1); Jin, Wei (1); Yuan, Panpan (1); Yu, Mengjie (1); Yan, Jinshan (1, 2); Zhang, Zhaoshu (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Innovation Design laboratory, Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China; (3) Alar City Tiandian Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Company with Limited Liability, Alar; 843300, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Production practice has proved that dwarfing and closer planting will be the main mode of jujube planting in Xinjiang and even in the whole country in the future. Generally, the yield of the dwarfing and closer planting is two times that of the conventional planting, which can reach 15 000 kg/hm². At present, however, few matching machines are available to match the dwarfing and closer planting cultivation pattern of red jujube. The dwarfing and closer planting mode of 4 m&times;1.5 m (row spacing&times;plant spacing) is basically adopted in Xinjiang, and the dwarfing and closer planting mode of 3 m&times;2 m is adopted in some areas. The planting pattern was in line with the climatic conditions in Xinjiang, optimizing the spatial position of plants, improving the land utilization rate, facilitating the management of jujube gardens, enhancing the utilization rate of light energy, and thus improving red jujube production. However, this mode will cause problems such as narrow working space, narrow row spacing harvesting congestion and so on. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of mechanization of jujube harvesting in dwarfing and closer planting, aiming at the main problems of low efficiency of jujube harvesting, vulnerable jujube harvesting and difficult sorting of jujube impurities, a pneumatic method of jujube harvesting was put forward, and a pneumatic collecting machine of red jujube in dwarfing and closer cultivation was developed. The machine was mainly composed of diesel engine, fan, dial sorting device, suction chamber, air trap, suction pipe, transmission system, walking system and vibration separation screen. The air suction collecting method was adopted to reduce the rate of wounded red jujube. The dial sorting device was responsible for sorting the red jujube leaves and the branches, after collecting and separating the jujube mixture, the second screening of jujube, gravel and soil is realized in the process of vibration and swing of the vibration screen separating mechanism. The vibration separation screen was designed and analyzed, and the eccentricity of vibration separation screen is 60 mm, the crank speed ranged from 131.61 to 160.62 r/min. By using Design-Expert 10.0.3.1 software, according to the Box-Benhnken center combination design method, the forward speed, fan speed, crank speed were selected as the influencing factor, and collecting rate and impurity rate of red jujube were selected as the response value for three factors, three levels two sub-regression orthogonal test was design. The test results showed that the order of influence of the test influence factors on the collecting rate and impurity rate of red jujube was that fan speed &gt; crank speed &gt; forward speed; verification test results indicated that when the forward speed was 0.60 m/s, the fan speed was 3 080 r/min and the crank speed was 140 r/min, the collecting rate of red jujube was 96.41% and the impurity rate of red jujube was 1.54%. The relative error between the field test value and the theoretical optimization value was 1.71% and 3.40%, respectively, which were less than 5%. This study provides a reference for the mechanization of red jujube picking.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Collector efficiency - Crops - Cultivation - Harvesting - Mechanization - Plants (botany) - Pneumatics - Separation - Software testing  - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Climatic conditions - Combination design - Narrow row spacing - Optimization value - Production practice - Red jujube - Transmission systems - Verification tests
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 632.3  Pneumatics - 702.3  Solar Cells - 723.5  Computer Applications - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.54e+00%, Percentage 1.71e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.32e+02RPM to 1.61e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.40e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.08e+03RPM, Size 6.00e-02m, Velocity 6.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20193907477239
Title:Single channel electric shock signals blind source separation algorithm based on local mean decomposition
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#23616;&#37096;&#22343;&#20540;&#20998;&#35299;(LMD)&#30340;&#21333;&#36890;&#36947;&#35302;&#30005;&#20449;&#21495;&#30450;&#28304;&#20998;&#31163;&#31639;&#27861;
Authors:Li, Chunlan (1); Gao, Ge (1); Zhang, Yafei (1); Ye, Hao (1); Wang, Haiyang (1); Du, Songhuai (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:200-208
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Residual current protection device (RCD) is a kind of protection device in low voltage system and has been widely applied in preventing of grid leakage and protecting of peoples life and property safety. At present, the action threshold of residual current protection device is 30 mA, but there is no direct relation between the action setting value and the electric shock current passing through the electric shock body. When heavy load is put into operation or weather changes or electric shock occurs, residual current protection device often occurs misoperation or rejection. Therefore, extracting electric shock current from the residual current and setting a new protection action criterion are of great significance for improving the operational reliability of residual current protection device. Because electric shock accident is unpredictable, it is difficult to extract the electric shock current from the residual current of low voltage power network exactly. A method of extracting the electric shock current by combining the local mean decomposition (LMD) with blind signal separation is proposed. In general, the observed signals used for blind source separation are multi-channel signals. When electric shock occurs, the residual current signals contain the electric shock current signals, normal leakage current signals and noise signals. The residual current signal is a single channel signal, and at least one virtual channel needs to be constructed. Therefore, using the local mean decomposition method, the residual current signal is adaptively decomposed into the sum of several product functions(PF), and each product function is equal to the product of an amplitude modulated signal and a frequency modulated signal. Computing the similarity coefficient between each component and the original signal, the modal components with the largest similarity coefficient and greater than 0.8 are used as virtual channels for blind source separation. Two channels of blind source separation are constructed by combining virtual channels with residual current signals, and the problem of single channel blind source signal separation was solved. Then FastICA algorithm was used to extracte the electric shock currents from the residual current signals. The results shown that LMD method has less decomposition component, shorter calculation time compared with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method, and can avoid the disadvantage of endpoint effect in the decomposing process of EMD. When electric shock accident occur in single-phase circuit, the average correlation coefficients between the original electric shock current and the electric shock current extracted by LMD-FastICA and EMD-FastICA are 0.937 4 and 0.925 3 respectively, the average relative errors are 0.096 2 and 0.109 8 respectively. The relative error ranges of peak factor of decomposition signal by EMD-FastICA and LMD-FastICA is from 0.012 to 0.155 and from 0.001 to 0.103 respectively. When electric shock accident occur in three-phase circuit, the average correlation coefficients between the original electric shock current and the electric shock current extracted by LMD-FastICA and EMD-FastICA are 0.962 4 and 0.948 9 respectively, and the average relative errors are 0.056 4 and 0.081 55 respectively. The calculation time of LMD-FastICA(0.032 s) is shorter than that of EMD-FastICA(0.129 s). The research results lay a theoretical foundation for development of new residual current protection device based on the action of electric shock current.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Blind source separation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Electric accidents - Electric current measurement - Errors
Uncontrolled terms:Amplitude modulated signals - Average correlation coefficients - Electric shock - Empirical Mode Decomposition - Frequency modulated signal - Local mean decomposition (LMD) - Local mean decompositions - Residual current protection device
Classification code:914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 942.2  Electric Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Electric_Current 3.00e-02A, Time 1.29e-01s, Time 3.20e-02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20193907477210
Title:Effects of agroforestry planting systems on top-layer soil hydraulic characteristics and soil water storage on red soil slopes
Title of translation:&#20892;&#26519;&#22797;&#21512;&#31181;&#26893;&#27169;&#24335;&#23545;&#32418;&#22756;&#22369;&#22320;&#34920;&#22303;&#27700;&#21147;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#20648;&#27700;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Liu, Zhao (1, 2); Xu, Yanxing (3); Zheng, Haijin (1, 2); Zuo, Jichao (1, 2); Chen, Xiulong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang; 330029, China; (3) Jiangxi Water Resources Institute, Nanchang; 330013, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Haijin(haijinzheng@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:98-105
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In-depth studies on soil water storage in red soil slopes in south China are of important scientific significance and practical application value for flood control, drought relief and conservation of soil and water. Agricultural cultivation under the fruit forest is an important way of development and utilization of red soil slopes in southern China, and the properties of top-layer soil would be affected by biological process, soil erosion, artificial tillage, etc. Hence, it is essential to understand difference of top-layer soil hydraulic characteristics of several agroforestry systems, which may affect soil water storage. The study area lies in Jiangxi Provincial Eco-Science Park of Soil and Water Conservation (115&deg;42'38&Prime;-115&deg;43'06&Prime; E, 29&deg;16'37&Prime;-29&deg;17'40&Prime; N), which is located in De'an County, Jiangxi Province, China and belongs to Boyang River watershed of Poyang Lake Basin. A total of 4 treatments of agroforestry systems, namely, agriculture-forestry-grass, protective farm-forest, common farm-forest, and pure forest were studied. The top layer was defined as 0-0.30 m subsurface depth in this paper, and soil samples of the top-layer soil were collected by foil sampler for each plot. For each sample, the bulk density was measured by drying method, water retention curve was test by pressure membrane meter, and saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured by saturated infiltration experiment. The van Genuchten-Mualem model was used to describe water retention curve, and the other 4soil hydraulic parameters were reciprocal of air entry pressure, grain size distribution parameter, saturated soil water content, and residual soil water content besides saturated hydraulic conductivity. The one-dimensional Richards' equation based on the Darcy's law was used to describe soil water flow due to its solid physical foundation, and the Ross method was used to solve the Richards' equation owing to the higher computational efficiency and accuracy. For the sake of simplicity, several assumptions were considered for simulation. Firstly, the difference of top-layer soil hydraulic characteristics was the only various factor of the 4 plots, and the soil profile for simulation was also divided into 2 layers, and the top layer was from soil surface to 0.30 m depth. Secondly, the simulation period was set to from August 1^st to December 31^st, 2010 since runoff wasn't observed in this period. Thirdly, the upper boundary condition was considered as atmospheric boundary condition, where the potential evaporation was calculated by Penman-Monteith model. Besides, the lower boundary was zero-flux boundary at 1.00 m depth where was impermeable bedrock. The statistical analysis results of soil hydraulic parameters showed the most significant difference between top and deep layer in agriculture-forestry-grass soil with the lowest viscosity and highest permeability, i.e., the largest saturated hydraulic conductivity and reciprocal of air entry pressure among the 4 plots. Correlation analysis of parameters showed that absolute of correlation coefficient between saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density and that between reciprocal of air entry pressure and bulk density could reach to 0.96. The distribution of soil water content of each profile was simulated, and soil water storage was calculated by the simulated soil water content. The simulation results showed the order of soil water storage under the 4 treatments from high to low as followed: agriculture-forestry-grass soil, protective farm-forest soil or common farm-forest soil and pure forest soil. The simulation results during specified periods indicted the mechanism of effects of top-layer soil hydraulic characteristics on soil water storage. For agriculture-forestry-grass soil, the top-layer soil cut off the upward movement channel of soil moisture to reduce the water consumption of the deep soil during the evaporation period, while the top-layer soil increased the downward movement to enhance the water storage of deep soil. In conclusion, agriculture-forestry-grass is worth of development and promotion in red soil slopes in south China.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Boundary conditions - Buoyancy - Computational efficiency - Cultivation - Evaporation - Flood control - Flow of water - Forestry - Grain size and shape - Hydraulic conductivity  - One dimensional - Soil conservation - Soil moisture - Soils - Solute transport - Timber - Water conservation - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric boundary conditions - Development and utilizations - Hydraulic characteristic - Red soils - Richards 'equation - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Saturated soil-water contents - Van Genuchten-Mualem models
Classification code:442.1  Flood Control - 444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 3.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20193907477085
Title:Multi-feature data fusion optimization of sensor array of electronic nose for fish meal quality detection
Title of translation:&#40060;&#31881;&#21697;&#36136;&#26816;&#27979;&#30005;&#23376;&#40763;&#20256;&#24863;&#22120;&#38453;&#21015;&#30340;&#22810;&#29305;&#24449;&#25968;&#25454;&#34701;&#21512;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Li, Pei (1); Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2); Tan, Hequn (1, 2); Zhang, Weijian (1); Huangfu, Jixuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Niu, Zhiyou(nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:313-320
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the identification ability of fish meal quality detection device based on bionic olfaction, in this paper, we used the developed fish meal quality detection device based on bionic olfaction to extract response characteristic information of fish meal samples, and performed multi-characteristic data fusion optimization on its sensor array. Firstly, according to the response curve of each sensor to the sample, the sensor features (10&times;6) were extracted to form the original feature matrix, then the normalization method was adopted to normalize the sensor features, and after that, compactness was taken as the standard to evaluate the rationality of the feature selection methods. Three single feature ranking methods (MIC, c², F-test), three multi-feature ranking methods (RF, LR, SVM) and four recursive feature elimination methods (RFRFE, SVMRFE, DTRFE, LRRFE) were selected to carry out classification accuracy tests on fish meal with different quality. The experimental results showed that in the single feature ranking method, the MIC method had the best classification accuracy of 98.3 %, the number of features was 55, the Chi - square method had the best classification accuracy of 98.9 %, the number of features was 40, the F-test method had the best classification accuracy of 98.3 %, and the number of features was 50, thus the Chi - square feature selection method was more compact than the other two single feature selection methods. In the multi-feature ranking methods, the best classification accuracy rate of RF method was 98.3 %, the number of features was 38, the best classification accuracy rate of LR method was 83.3 %, the number of features was 24, the best classification accuracy rate of SVM method was 92.2%, and the number of features was 33. Therefore, RF feature selection method was more compact than the other two multi-feature selection methods. In recursive feature elimination, the best classification accuracy rate of RFRFE method was 98.3 %, the number of features was 33, the best classification accuracy rate of SVMRFE method was 92.2%, the number of features was 34, the best classification accuracy rate of DTRFE method was 95.6 %, the number of features was 22, the best classification accuracy rate of LRRFE method was 83.9 %, and the number of features was 37. From this, it could be seen that DTRFE and LR feature selection methods had the least number of features, but the classification accuracy rate was low. However, the RFRFE feature selection method was relatively more compact. The random forest-based recursive feature elimination algorithm (RFRFE) was adopted to select the original features, and the best classification accuracy was 98.3%, at this time, the number of features was 33. The idea of this feature selection method was to repeatedly build the model, then select the worst features, put the selected features aside, and then repeat the process on the remaining features until all features had been traversed. The order in which features were eliminated in this process was the order of features. Therefore, this was a greedy algorithm to find the optimal feature subset, while the RFRFE method selected the random forest (RF) as the base model, and obtained the optimal subset by obtaining the best classification accuracy rate. The number of features optimized by RFRFE feature selection method was 33, which reduced the number of features by 45% and greatly reduced irrelevant and redundant information for fish meal quality classification. The characteristics of the optimized sensor array had changed obviously. The sensor array had changed from the original 10 to 8 and sensor 4 (TGS2620) and sensor 6 (TGS2600) had been removed. This showed that these sensors had little contribution to the classification of fish meal quality using RF classifier. Of the six selected features values, only sensor 1 (TGS822), sensor 3 (TGS813) and sensor 5 (MQ136) had selected all the characteristic values, which showed that these sensors played an important role in the classification of fish meal quality by using RF classifier. By using 10 fold cross validation, the RFRFE algorithm was verified to be more compact again. The feature selection method provided a new method and reference for feature optimization of identifying other animal-derived raw material samples by bionic olfaction technology.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Bionics - Decision trees - Electronic nose - Extraction - Feature extraction - Feeding - Fish - Microwave integrated circuits - Quality control - Sensor data fusion  - Support vector machines - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:10-fold cross-validation - Classification accuracy - Feature selection methods - Fish meal - Nondestructive detection - Normalization - Recursive feature elimination - Response characteristic
Classification code:461.1  Biomedical Engineering - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 714.2  Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 801  Chemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.50e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.39e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+01%, Percentage 9.83e+01%, Percentage 9.89e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20193907477086
Title:Structural optimization of emergency plate gate for closure in moving water
Title of translation:&#21160;&#27700;&#20851;&#38381;&#30340;&#24179;&#38754;&#20107;&#25925;&#38392;&#38376;&#20307;&#22411;&#20248;&#21270;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Liu, Fang (1); Gu, Xinyu (1); Li, Wensheng (1); Sheng, Chuanming (1); Xu, Guobin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin; 300350, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Guobin(xuguob@tju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:142-149
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the actual hydraulic engineering projects which are already completed, the emergency plane gates should be closed in the moving water under the action of self-weight, additional weight and water column pressure. However, the problem that the emergency gate isn't completely closed in moving water is frequently occurred in engineering practice, which is a serious threat to the normal and safe operation of the hydropower station. In order to clarify the generation mechanism and investigate the effective solution for this engineering problem, the hydraulic model tests were carried out and the obtained experiment data were analyzed. Firstly, on the basis of hydraulic model experiment, we measured the water column pressure. Secondly, the holding forces of the emergency plane gates with different bottom shapes were compared and the characteristics of hydrodynamic excitations acting on the gate leaf and gate bottom were analyzed. The results showed that the beam grillage system of the gate was reasonably designed and the water column pressure was made full use of. The flow pattern under the gate was relatively stable and the flow excitation characteristic was reasonable, meaning that the currently adopted bottom shape was appropriate and the flow fluctuation pressure acting on the gate leaf and gate bottom was not the main cause of this engineering problem. Consequently, the analysis results indicated that the cause of the aforementioned engineering problem was that the friction coefficient (0.209) between the gate leaf and gate groove was seriously underestimated, and the substantially underestimated friction coefficient was verified by prototype test results. In order to make this emergency plane gate completely closed in moving water, an optimal scheme of gate shape was further presented by adding a steel guide plate on the bottom edge of upstream surface. The water above the steel guide plate could be approximately regarded as still water, while the water below the guide plate flew through the gate hole with a relatively high speed. Therefore, the downward pressure was induced by the flow velocity difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the guide plate according to the well-known Bernoulli Principle. Due to the increment of the downward force, the minimum opening ratio of the emergency plane gate that could be reached in the gate closing process was decreased. This indicated that the gate shape optimization scheme was effective, but not enough to make the plane gate completely closed in moving water. In order to ensure the complete closure of the emergency plane gate in moving water, the aforementioned optimization scheme was further improved by thickening the upstream lower surface of the added guide plate. This improvement led to the streamline separation under the lower surface of steel guide plate. According to the flow fluctuating pressure data measured by the pressure sensors installed on the lower surface of guide plate, the negative pressure was observed in most working conditions, which indicated the effectiveness of this improvement. By applying the emergency gate shape optimization and its improvement, the twice amplification effects of the downward force acting on the gate was generated, which would significantly facilitate the complete closure of emergency plane gate in moving water. According to the experimental results, the presented engineering optimization scheme and its improvement measure were very effective for this problem and the modified emergency plane gate could be completely closed in most working conditions.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Shape optimization
Controlled terms:Flow patterns - Flow velocity - Friction - Hydraulic models - Optimization - Plates (structural components) - Pressure - Shore protection - Structural optimization - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Emergency gate - Engineering optimization - Excitation characteristics - Gate structure - Holding forces - Hydraulic model experiments - Hydrodynamic excitation - Moving water
Classification code:407.1  Maritime Structures - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 631  Fluid Flow - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 632.1  Hydraulics - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 931.1  Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20193907477181
Title:Real-time recognition of sugar beet and weeds in complex backgrounds using multi-channel depth-wise separable convolution model
Title of translation:&#22810;&#36890;&#36947;&#28145;&#24230;&#21487;&#20998;&#31163;&#21367;&#31215;&#27169;&#22411;&#23454;&#26102;&#35782;&#21035;&#22797;&#26434;&#32972;&#26223;&#19979;&#29980;&#33756;&#19982;&#26434;&#33609;
Authors:Sun, Jun (1); Tan, Wenjun (1); Wu, Xiaohong (1); Shen, Jifeng (1); Lu, Bing (1); Dai, Chunxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:184-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mechanical weeding can reduce the use of pesticides and is of great significance to ensure high yield of crops. Real-time and accurate identification of crops is a key technical problem needs to be solved in mechanical weeding equipment. Because of the subjectivity of feature extraction process in weed recognition, the accuracy of traditional methods in actual field environment is low. In recent years, the method of weed identification based on convolution neural network has been widely studied. Although the accuracy is obviously improved, there are still problems such as large parameters and poor real-time performance. In order to solve the above problems, a four-channel input image is constructed by collecting near infrared and visible images of sugar beet in the field, and a lightweight convolution neural network based on codec structure is proposed. In this paper, Sugarbeet and weed images collected from a farm in Bonn, Germany, in 2016 were used as data sets, which covered images of different growth stages of sugar beet, and 226 pictures of which were randomly selected as training sets, and the remaining 57 pictures were used as test sets. The experimental data set was composed of three channels of visible light image and one channel of near infrared image, which are merged into a four-channel image by pixel level superposition, and the depth-wise separable convolution was used in the deep model. Firstly, the input feature image was convoluted in 2 dimensions convolution kernel and the number of channels was expanded. Then, the 1&times;1 convolution kernel was used to make the 3 dimensions convolution which combined channel feature and compressed the channels to enhance the nonlinear mapping ability of the model. In order to avoid the problem of the gradient disappearing, the residual block was used to connect the input and output of the depth-wise separate convolution. Finally, the coding and decoder structure was designed and the shallow features were combined with deep features to refine the segmentation effect. Due to the imbalance of pixel proportions of soil, crops and weeds, the weighted loss function was used to optimize the model. The segmentation accuracy, parameters and operating efficiency of models at different input resolutions and different width factor were introduced to evalute the model. When the width factor was 1, the segmentation accuracy of the model increased with the increase of the input image resolution, the model accuracy of four channel input was higher than that of the model based on original visible image input, which showed that the near-infrared image features can compensate the defects of ordinary RGB images to some extent, and make the model more suitable for the dark environment. Under the same input image resolution, the model with a width factor of 2 or 4 performs better than the model with a width factor of 1. With the increases of width factor, the parameters of the model increase greatly. The amount of calculation is related to the size of the input image, so the frame rate gradually decreases with the increase of the size of input image. The experimental results show that the optimal model in this paper is a four channel input model with a width coefficient of 2, and the average intersection union ration is 87.58%, the average pixel accuracy is 99.19%, the parameters are 525 763 and the frame rate is 42.064 frames/s. The model has high segmentation and recognition accuracy and good real-time performance, and can provide theoretical basis for the development of intelligent mechanization weeding equipment.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Convolution - Crops - Deep learning - Deep neural networks - Image resolution - Infrared devices - Infrared imaging - Machinery - Neural networks - Pixels  - Sugar beets
Uncontrolled terms:Convolution neural network - Convolutional neural network - Different growth stages - Near- infrared images - Real time - Segmentation accuracy - Weed - Weighted loss function
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 746  Imaging Techniques - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.76e+01%, Percentage 9.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20193907477110
Title:Euler-Lagrange hybrid numerical simulation for two-dimensional surface water flow in irrigation
Title of translation:&#27431;&#25289;&#27861;&#34701;&#21512;&#25289;&#26684;&#26391;&#26085;&#27861;&#39640;&#25928;&#27169;&#25311;&#28748;&#28297;&#20108;&#32500;&#22320;&#34920;&#27700;&#36816;&#21160;&#35268;&#24459;
Authors:Shi, Yuan (1); Zhang, Shaohui (1); Bai, Meijian (1); Li, Yinong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shaohui(zhangsh@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:150-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A simple and efficient Euler-Lagrange hybrid numerical solution for 2-dimensional shallow water equations was proposed in this study. To validate the simulation performance of the proposed numerical model, an efficient Euler solution (scalar-dissipation finite-volume method with non-iterative and fully implicit time scheme) was selected as comparative solution. At the same time, 3 typical basin irrigation experiments were carried out. The validation procedure concerned 3 aspects: simulation accuracy, mass conservation and computational efficiency. The corresponding index were average relative error and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient between the observed and simulate data, water quantity balance error and run time in personal computer. The validated results showed that, the average relative errors and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient between the observed and simulated data for the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid and selected Euler solutions were very similar. Thus, the accuracy of proposed Lagrange solution was very high. In terms of the mass conservation, the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid solution was slightly higher than the selected Euler solution, which means a very good performance in mass conservation of the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid solution. In computational efficiency, the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid solution was 5.3 times higher than the selected Euler solution due to the former had no advection gradient term (or displacement acceleration). Consequently, the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid solution for 2-dimensional shallow water equations in basin irrigation was an efficient and simple numerical tool for analysis on irrigation water flow, especially in the condition of large-scale intensive agricultural cultivation. The proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid numerical solution for 2-dimensional shallow water equations exhibited obvious physical meanings: 1) The basic state variables such as water depth and discharge were strictly defined on the triangle spatial cell and the variable values were ladder distribution, which could accurately capture every shallow water waves and was the basic requirement of modern numerical analysis. 2) The advection gradient (or displacement acceleration) was not included in the governing equations, which resulted in very simple spatial scheme and could be easily applied by user. 3) The water level gradient term was corrected at the dry-wet boundary by means of judging the relationship between the water level/surface relative elevation in the current and its adjacent spatial cells. After this correction, the surface water advance and recession processes could be accurately simulated in the whole domain. Compared with the classical Euler numerical solution, the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid numerical solution avoided advection gradient terms, which was the main problem in computational fluid dynamics due to its extremely strong nonlinearity. This characteristic largely declined the numerical solution difficulty and thus the resulting spatial-temporal algebraic system presented concise formulation, which considerably simplified the calculation and greatly reduced the application difficulty. Compared with the common Lagrange numerical solution, the proposed hybrid solution could preserve the physical conservation due to its strict state variable definition of Finite-Volume method. Meanwhile, the proposed hybrid numerical solution did not capture the movement trajectory of water flow particles, and thus could maintain high computational efficiency and could easily set the initial and boundary conditions. Consequently, the proposed Euler-Lagrange hybrid numerical solution for 2-dimensional shallow water equations in this study exhibited the advantage of both Euler and Lagrange numerical solutions. Additionally, the commonly applied Lagrange numerical solution, such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics, required to define massive of spatial particles to represent water flows. Therefore, the Lagrange numerical solution could easily simulate the large deformation and strong nonlinear processes, such as wave breaking and splashing. By contrast, the Euler state variable definition method in this study actually lost this advantage. However, the surface irrigation process could not commonly include these phenomenon. Thus, the method of coupling Euler and Lagrange numerical solutions in this study exhibited well numerical performance.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Computational efficiency
Controlled terms:Advection - Computational fluid dynamics - Control nonlinearities - Cultivation - Efficiency - Equations of motion - Errors - Finite volume method - Flow of water - Geometry  - Hydraulics - Hydrodynamics - Irrigation - Iterative methods - Lagrange multipliers - Nonlinear equations - Numerical analysis - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Personal computers  - Surface waters - Water levels - Water waves
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural cultivation - Euler solutions - Hybrid numerical solutions - Initial and boundary conditions - Lagrange - Shallow water equations - Smoothed particle hydrodynamics - Two-dimension
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 471.4  Seawater, Tides and Waves - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 722.4  Digital Computers and Systems - 723.5  Computer Applications - 731.1  Control Systems - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921  Mathematics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20193907477269
Title:Optimization of solid state fermentation of soybean meal by multi-index comprehensive weighted score evaluation
Title of translation:&#22810;&#25351;&#26631;&#32508;&#21512;&#21152;&#26435;&#20998;&#26512;&#27861;&#20248;&#21270;&#22266;&#24577;&#21457;&#37237;&#35910;&#31893;&#24037;&#33402;
Authors:Hu, Ruiping (1, 2); Ding, Xian (1, 2); Li, Junwei (1); Duan, Yafei (1); Li, Yuren (3); Wu, Wenchao (2); Xu, Ning (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou; 510300, China; (2) Guangzhou Haiwei Aquatic Bio-technonoly Co., Ltd, Guangzhou; 510300, China; (3) Maoming Jinyang tropical Haizhen aquaculture Co., Ltd, Maoming; 525442, China
Corresponding author:Ding, Xian(dxyb@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:304-312
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Three kinds of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis NHS1, Lactic acid bacteria NHS03 and Marine red yeast NHS05) were used to optimize the solid state fermentation of soybean meal process by orthogonal design method L9 (3⁴) combined with the comprehensive weighted evaluation method. The effects of inoculum size (A), environmental temperature (B), water feed ratio (C) and fermentation strains (D) on the protein content, lactic acid content, reducing sugar content and some other indicators were detected. Taguchi design and analysis were carried out by using Minitab 17, and weighted data processing was conducted by using multi-index experimental formula method. The results as follows: 1) Based on the weighted analysis, the weight coefficient of neutral protease was the greatest, reaching 1.773, followed by reducing sugar (1.719), lactic acid (1.590) and crude fat (the lowest). The results showed that neutral protease, reducing sugar and lactic acid had great influence on the quality of fermented soybean meal. 2) The date of the processing groups were analyzed according to the indicators comprehensive score formula Pi=&Sigma;(Fj&times;Dij)/&Sigma;F, and T9 had the greaest overall score, followed by T1 group and T8 group. The results indicated that the comprehensive level of 8 selected indeices reached the highest in the fermentation process of soybean meal in the condition of T9 combination (A<inf>3</inf>B<inf>3</inf>C<inf>2</inf>D<inf>1</inf>). Therefore, T9 was chosen as the optimal fermentation process. 3) The order of the importance of fermentation parameters for soybean meal based on the mean response table was fermentation strains &gt; water feed ratio &gt; environmental temperature &gt; inoculum size. Fermentation strains and the ratio of water to feed were the main impact factors (P&lt;0.05), while the mean response table for collogation score of the orthogonal test were not significant affected by environmental temperature and inoculum size. Considering the resource saving and production practice, the inoculation quantity of probiotics should be less collection and the environmental temperature should be lower (30&#8451;). Therefore, the fermentation process A<inf>3</inf>B<inf>3</inf>C<inf>2</inf>D<inf>1</inf> was optimized to be A<inf>1</inf>B<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>D<inf>1</inf> in the present study, that means: the inoculum size of probiotics was 1%, environmental temperature was 30&#8451;, the ratio of material to water was 2:1, and the optimal combination of Bacillus subtilis (NHS1), Lactic acid bacteria (NHS03) and Marine red yeast (NHS05) was 1:1:1. 4) Minitab17 was used to predict the optimal process A<inf>1</inf>B<inf>2</inf>C<inf>2</inf>D<inf>1</inf>, and the predicted results showed that the mean value was 0.993 3, and it was higher than the comprehensive score of the combination of A<inf>3</inf>B<inf>3</inf>C<inf>2</inf>D<inf>1</inf> (0.986 3). Through experimental verification, the output of each impact indicator was consistent with the expected results, and the comprehensive score is 0.992 0, which was consistent with the predicted results. Moreover, all the technical indexes of fermented soybean meal were superior to the industry standard. The content of antinutrient factors were reduced greatly in the present study, and the content of amino acid showed an increasing trendency. The optimized process is stable, reasonable and efficient based on the above results, and it can be recommended for the fermentation process of soybean meal.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:53
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Bacteriology - Data handling - Feeding - Lactic acid - Probiotics - Process control - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Agriculture products - Environmental temperature - Experimental verification - Fermented soybeans - Orthogonal design method - Orthogonal test - Scoring methods - Solid-state fermentation
Classification code:691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 822.3  Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20193907477189
Title:Mechanical analysis of seedling detaching from movable tray and influence factors of adhesion
Title of translation:&#27963;&#21160;&#33495;&#30424;&#33073;&#33495;&#21147;&#23398;&#20998;&#26512;&#21450;&#31896;&#38468;&#21147;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Feng, Shijie (1, 2); Yan, Bo (1); Quan, Wei (1); Wu, Mingliang (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang; 464000, China; (3) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Mingliang(mlwu@hunau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:21-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problem that adhesion force between the seedling pot and the seedling tray caused the damage in seedling pot in the process of seedling transplantation, and further affected the success rate of picking seedling and the growth of seedling after transplantation, the force analysis of the seedling pot and the side plate in the opening process of movable tray was carried out. It was found that there was a positive correlation between adhesion force and opening peak force of the movable tray, a negative correlation between the dip angle of side plate of movable tray and the adhesion force of the seedling pot, a positive correlation between the moisture content of soil matrix and adhesion force of the seedling pot, and a positive correlation between the speed of opening parts of movable tray and the adhesion force of the seedling pot. In order to further study the influence of various factors on the adhesion force of the seedling pot, the response surface method was used to design the optimization test. During the test, the rape seedlings which were planted in the movable tray were selected as the test materials. The opening peak force of the movable tray which expressed the adhesion force was selected as evaluation index. The 3 variables: the dip angle of side plate of movable tray, the speed of opening parts of movable tray, and the moisture content of soil matrix were selected as the test factors. The experimental data were analyzed in Design-Expert software and the model of the regression equation was obtained. The adequacy of regression equation model was evaluated by analysis of variance. The results indicated that the F-value of model was significant (P&lt;0.05), and the F-value of lack of fit was not significant (P&gt;0.05), and the model was reasonably good for predicting the actual situation. Moreover, the 3D response surface was plotted and analyzed and the results showed that the optimized values could be obtained from the test model. Finally, the optimal combination of parameters could be obtained by using optimization function in Design-Expert software. The optimal combination of parameters was as follows: the dip angle of the side plate of movable tray was 9.24&deg;, the moisture content of the seedling pot was 55%, and the speed of opening parts of movable tray was 7.98 mm/s, which achieved a minimum value of opening peak force of 6.97 N. In other words, operators could get a minimal adhesion force between the seedling pot and the movable tray. The verification tests were carried out and the results showed that the opening peak force was 7.12 N and the error was 2.1%. The soil matrix loss rate of seedling pot was 3.14%, compared with the minimum matrix loss rate of 4.39% in the seedling removal test. The matrix loss rate decreased significantly. So, the adhesion force between the seedling pot and the movable tray was minimal when the optimized parameter combination was used in the test. By adjusting the combination of parameters of each factor, the adhesion force between the seedling pot and the side plate could be reduced in the opening process of movable tray, so as to reduce the loss rate of the soil matrix. Therefore, this study has laid an important theoretical foundation and reference basis for further exploring the mechanism of soil matrix damage in the mechanized transplanting process of rape seedling.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Adhesion
Controlled terms:Machinery - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination - Optimization - Seed - Software design - Soils - Surface properties - Surface testing  - Testing - Tin plate - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Adhesion forces - Movable tray - Negative correlation - Optimization function - Peak force - Positive correlations - Response surface method - Theoretical foundations
Classification code:462.4  Prosthetics - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 545.3  Steel - 601  Mechanical Design - 723.1  Computer Programming - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 944.2  Moisture Measurements - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 6.97e+00N, Force 7.12e+00N, Percentage 2.10e+00%, Percentage 3.14e+00%, Percentage 4.39e+00%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Velocity 7.98e-03m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20193907477161
Title:Prediction of salinity ion content in different soil layers based on hyperspectral data
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#30416;&#28173;&#21270;&#22303;&#22756;&#19981;&#21516;&#22303;&#23618;&#30416;&#20998;&#31163;&#23376;&#21547;&#37327;&#39044;&#27979;
Authors:Zhang, Junhua (1, 2); Jia, Pingping (3); Sun, Yuan (3); Jia, Keli (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Ningxia Key Laboratory of Resource Assessment and Environment Regulation in Arid Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Keli(jiakeli@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:106-115
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem with severe economic and social consequences. It is necessary to develop a soil-salinity-estimation model to project the spatial distribution of soil salinity. In this study, the spectra characteristics and salinization parameters of the soils in the different layers in northern Ningxia Yinchuan were measured. Based on the soil science and geostatistics methods, the sensitive wavelengths and the best transformation forms of spectral reflectance to salinity parameters (soil pH value, electric conductivity(EC) and salt ions) in 0-5 cm and 0-20 cm were selected respectively, and then the soil salinity parameters monitoring model was established. The results showed that: 1) The variation trend of soil spectral characteristic curves of five different types and different salinization degrees was similar. Saline soil had the highest spectral reflectance, and slightly SO<inf>4</inf>^2- type soil had the lowest reflectance. Salinized soils had good spectral response characteristics in visible and near infrared spectra region. The reflectance had the most closely related to the content of SO<inf>4</inf>^2- in all salinity parameters (coefficient of correlation was 0.910 4) of 0-5cm layer. There were non-significant relationships between reflectance and the contents of CO<inf>3</inf>^2-, HCO<inf>3</inf>^- and Cl^-. The average coefficient of correlation of reflectance and SO<inf>4</inf>^2- in 0-20 cm layer was decreased 0.232 2 than in 0-5 cm. However, the average coefficient of correlations of reflectance and Cl^-, K⁺, HCO<inf>3</inf>^-, EC were increased 0.433 1, -0.343 3, 0.303 2, 0.296 2, and got significant level. 2) After the spectral reflectance were transformed in different methods, the correlation between the most sensitive wavelengths and each salinity parameters were enhanced to some extent, especially after the (R)' (first order differential conversion) and (CR)' (the first order differential after continuous removal). In 0-5 cm layer, (R)' was the optimal transformation forms of reflectance for pH value, SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, K⁺, Mg²⁺, and the (CR)' was best for EC, CO<inf>3</inf>^2-, HCO<inf>3</inf>^-, Cl^-, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺. In 0-20 cm layer, (CR)' was the optimal index for soil pH value, [lg(1/R)]' was the optimal index for EC, HCO<inf>3</inf>^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ were, and (R)' were the best one for CO<inf>3</inf>^2-, K⁺, Mg²⁺. In addition, there are different sensitive wavelengths in different soil layers about the same salinity parameters. 3) In the models of PLSR (Partial least squares regression), the average determination coefficient (R²) between sensitive wavelengths of 10 salinity parameters were 0.820 8 and 0.890 7 in 0-5cm and 0-20 cm soil layer, respectively. The determination coefficient between sensitive reflectance and SO<inf>4</inf>^2- was 0.967 6 in 0-5 cm layer, and it was higher 0.077 6 than in 0-20 cm layer. The numbers of sensitive wavelengths reduced and R² decreased that used PLSR method to established prediction model than used the SR (step-wised regression) method, but the R² of the SR method also got the significant level. The results conformed that the prediction accuracy of models for SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, CO<inf>3</inf>^2- in 0-20 cm were lower than in 0-5 cm. However, the prediction ability of models for other salinity parameters in 0-20 cm was stronger than in 0-5 cm. The study provide some beneficial references for regional soil salinity prediction and configuration of plant structure.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soils
Controlled terms:Forecasting - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Near infrared spectroscopy - pH - Reflection - Salts - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of correlation - Determination coefficients - HyperSpectral - Partial least squares regression - Prediction model - Sensitive wavelengths - Soil layer - Spectral response characteristics
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20193907477128
Title:Rural development pattern and zoning for rural revitalization strategy
Title of translation:&#38754;&#21521;&#20065;&#26449;&#25391;&#20852;&#25112;&#30053;&#30340;&#20065;&#26449;&#21457;&#23637;&#26684;&#23616;&#21450;&#20854;&#20998;&#21306;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Liu, Yu (1, 2, 3); Ren, Yanmin (1, 2, 3); Pan, Yuchun (1, 2, 3); Tang, Linnan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Yuchun(panyc@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:281-289
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the functions of production, living and ecological space, a rural development evaluation model was created in this paper for the rural revitalization strategy by using the multi-source data such as remote sensing images, land use status data and POI data. Taking Pinggu District as an example, the development patterns of local villages and regional characteristics were illustrated to provide guidance for rural development and planning under the rural revitalization strategy. The results showed that: (1) Under the influence of topography and industry development, production function of villages in the plain area basically was stronger than that of mountain villages in Pinggu District. However, driven by the emerging industries such as countryside recreation and tourism, some villages in Huangsongyu Town and alongside the Jinhai Lake had obvious advantages in production function. Living function in rural spaces had a similarity in spatial distribution with local economic development level and density of road networks. Unlike the downtown with high quality public services, convenient transportation and pleasant landscape, other units with highly developed living function only had one of these advantages and the living function should be further improved. The spatial pattern of ecological function was basically opposite to that of the production function. The ecological function of the villages in the mountain area was generally stronger than that of villages in the plain area. (2) The district was divided into seven categories functional zones based on the different combination of production, living and ecological function. The spatial distribution of village functions in Pinggu District basically followed the law of "production function playing a dominant role in plains, living function playing a dominant role in downtown and central villages, and ecological function playing a dominant role in mountains". Production-dominated functional zones and ecological-living combined functional zones were in the majority and took up 27.27% and 24.38% areas respectively. Some improvement strategies on how to improve the future priorities were proposed based on characteristics of functional zones to contribute to rural revitalization. It is suggested that production-dominated function zones should actively develop modern agriculture and tourism to promote the revitalization of rural industries; living-dominated function zones should moderately promote the construction of rural public service facilities to make it ecological and suitable for living in rural areas; ecology-dominated function zones should give priority to ecosystem and ensure the exertion of ecological function; those compound functional zones with two or more dominant function types should develop by considering spatial characteristics of itself and the surrounding villages; those function zones where the production, living and ecological functions are all at a disadvantage should reasonably carry out the spatial planning and reconstruction of the village based on the development urgency of the functions of production-living-ecological space.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ecology - Land use - Landforms - Motor transportation - Planning - Regional planning - Remote sensing - Space optics - Spatial distribution  - Topography - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Density of road network - Development patterns - Improvement strategies - Local economic development - Pinggu districts - Regional characteristics - Remote sensing images - Spatial characteristics
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 656.1  Space Flight - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.44e+01%, Percentage 2.73e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20193907477170
Title:Evaluation of ecological effect of gully region of loess plateau based on remote sensing image
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#36965;&#24863;&#24433;&#20687;&#30340;&#40644;&#22303;&#39640;&#21407;&#27807;&#22737;&#21306;&#29983;&#24577;&#25928;&#24212;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Sun, Congjian (1, 2); Zhang, Wenqiang (1, 2); Li, Xingong (1); Sun, Jiulin (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of geographical sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen; 041000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of desert and oasis ecology, Chinese academy of science, Urumchi; 830011, China; (3) Institute of geographic sciences and natural resources research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:165-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil erosion and ecological degradation are the most important ecological environment problems for the Chinese Loess Plateau in recent years, which have seriously hindered the sustainable development of the economy of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on the remote sensing image data of the Landsat TM and OLI, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) of the tableland protected regions of the Gansu, Shaanxi and Shanxi in the Chinese Loess Plateau were estimated during the period of 2002, 2009 and 2017 in this paper, and the influences of the change of the ecological restoration were also quantitatively evaluated. Besides, the locations of the regions of main ecological degradation were also screened out in this study. The results show that: (1) compared with the results of 2002, the remote sensing ecological index of the Gansu tableland region in 2017 showed a slightly increasing trend (increased by 0.04). Besides, the RSEI of the Shaanxi tableland region in 2017 also showed an obviously increasing trend, and the RSEI increased from 0.45 (in 2002) to 0.56 (in 2017), which indicated that the ecological environment of the Shaanxi tableland region has been improved. The RSEI of the Shanxi tableland region decreased from 0.54 (in 2002) to 0.46 (in 2017), which indicated that the ecological environment of this region has been degraded. (2) Compared the results of 2017 with 2002, the areas of the poor ecological conditions and relatively poor ecological conditions in the Gansu tableland region reduced obviously, while the areas of the good and excellent ecological conditions showed an increasing trend. In the Shaanxi tableland region, the areas of the poor ecological conditions and the relatively poor ecological conditions also demonstrated a decreasing trend, while the areas of the medium ecological conditions and the good ecological conditions increased significantly, the excellent areas presented a fairly stable status. In the Shanxi tableland region, the areas of the poor ecological conditions, the relatively poor ecological conditions and the medium ecological conditions presented increasing trend, while the areas of the good ecological conditions and the excellent ecological conditions showed a decreasing trend. (3) In the Gansu tableland region, the degradation of ecological environment mainly located in the Puhe and the Honghe river basins. In the Shaanxi tableland region, the degradation of ecological environment mainly distributed in the Juhe, Sanshuihe, Ganhe and Qishuihe river basins. In the Shanxi tableland region, the ecological environment degradation areas concentrically located in the Zhouchuanhe and Ehe river basin. (4) Compared the three tableland regions, the ecological conditions in the Gansu tableland regions and the Shaanxi tableland region have been remarkable improved during the period of 2002-2017. Although the ecological conditions in the Shanxi tableland region have declined, the improvement trend of ecological conditions has emerged in this study area. With the continuous implementation of various soil and water conservation and ecological restoration measures, the ecological environment in these three tableland regions of the Chinese Loess Plateau will be effectively improved. The research results of remote sensing ecological security in this paper have a far-reaching significance for the ecological restoration of the tableland regions of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and it is informative for the comprehensive control of regional soil erosion.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Erosion - Land use - Landforms - Remote sensing - Restoration - Rivers - Sediments - Soil conservation - Soils - Sustainable development  - Water conservation - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive controls - Ecological degradations - Ecological environment problems - Ecological environments - Ecological restoration - Loess Plateau - Soil and water conservation - Spatial-temporal distribution
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 444  Water Resources - 444.1  Surface Water - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20193907477191
Title:Compound fault diagnosis method for gear bearing based on adaptive maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution
Title of translation:&#33258;&#36866;&#24212;&#26368;&#22823;&#30456;&#20851;&#23789;&#24230;&#21453;&#35126;&#31215;&#26041;&#27861;&#35786;&#26029;&#40831;&#36718;&#36724;&#25215;&#22797;&#21512;&#25925;&#38556;
Authors:L&uuml;, Xuan (1, 2); Hu, Zhanqi (1, 2); Zhou, Haili (1, 2); Wang, Qiang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China; (2) Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Generic Technology of Aviation Self-Lubricating Spherical Plain Bearing, YanShan University, Qinhuangdao; 066004, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhanqi(ronghu118@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gear boxes often operate in harsh working environment, the core components, gears and bearings, are prone to malfunction. Therefore, in order to find the fault as early as possible and prevent the occurrence of the accident, a reliable and effective fault diagnosis method is needed. Maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution (MCKD) is an effective diagnosis method which can be applied to the processing of compound fault vibration signal of gear boxes. But the diagnosis performance of MCKD is directly affected by two key parameters (filter length and deconvolution period). In order to overcome the insufficiency of MCKD in parameter selection and improve the diagnosis quality, an adaptive maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution gearbox fault diagnosis method method is proposed based on quantum genetic algorithm (QMCKD). The key parameters of MCKD are adaptively selected using quantum genetic algorithm (QGA), the raw signal is processed by QMCKD to extracte every single fault signal from the compound fault signal, and the single fault signals are analyzed by frequency spectrum method to identify the fault features. The superiority of QMCKD was verified by comparing with variational mode decompositio (VMD). The results show that QMCKD can develop the advantages of MCKD in signal processing and highlight the periodic components of interest, after processed by QMCKD, the periodic components of the signal are more obvious, the characteristic frequencies are much easier to identify, and the compound faults of the gearbox can be separated more effectively. QMCKD was applied to the compound fault diagnosis of planetary gear tooth surface wear-rolling bearing outer ring damage. In the frequency spectrum of the gear fault signal, the main frequency components were the gear meshing frequency and its 2 times and 3times, the 4 times meshing frequency also could be identified, and the amplitude of the harmonics of meshing frequency were significantly larger than that of health state. The frequency components reflected the fault features of planetary gear tooth surface wear. The fault frequency of the outer ring damage and its high-order harmonics could be completely highlighted in the envelop spectrum of the separated gearing fault signal which reflected the fault features of rolling bearing outer ring damage. In dealing with the experimental signal of compound fault of tooth root crack and bearing rolling element damage, QMCKD successfully identifies the gear fault frequency and its 2-5 times frequency, and the bearing fault frequency and its 2-8 times frequency. The fault characteristics of gear and bearing are obvious, which verifies the stability of the method. QMCKD can effectively identify the fault characteristics of gears and bearings in complex faults, and can be used in the fault diagnosis of gears and bearings in gearboxes.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Fault detection
Controlled terms:Bearings (structural) - Deconvolution - Diagnosis - Failure analysis - Gear teeth - Gears - Genetic algorithms - Higher order statistics - Parameter estimation - Plasma diagnostics  - Roller bearings - Signal processing - Spectroscopy - Vibrations (mechanical) - Wear of materials
Uncontrolled terms:Bearing fault frequencies - Characteristic frequencies - Compound fault diagnosis - Compound faults - Fault characteristics - Fault diagnosis method - Maximum correlations - Quantum genetic algorithm
Classification code:401.1  Bridges - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 601.2  Machine Components - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 921  Mathematics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931.1  Mechanics - 932.3  Plasma Physics - 951  Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20193907477120
Title:Calibration of simulation physical parameters of clay loam based on soil accumulation test
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#22534;&#31215;&#35797;&#39564;&#30340;&#40655;&#22756;&#22303;&#20223;&#30495;&#29289;&#29702;&#21442;&#25968;&#26631;&#23450;
Authors:Xiang, Wei (1, 2); Wu, Mingliang (1); L&uuml;, Jiangnan (2); Quan, Wei (1); Ma, Lan (2); Liu, Jiajie (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha; 410205, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Mingliang(mlwu@hunau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:116-123
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to obtain the precise physical parameters of the discrete element simulation model of typical cultivated soil clay loam in southern China, this paper constructed a soil discrete element simulation model. Based on a soil accumulation test, this study proposed a method for combining the significance analysis and response surface method, which calibrated and optimized the simulation parameters of clay loam in southern China. Combining the results of actual test and GEMM database parameters recommended by constructing the DEM model of the soil, repose angle of soil was taken as response value, using the Design Expert software through the Plackett-Burman test, the steepest climbing test and Box-Behnken test, simulation physical parameters were calibrated and optimized. The simulation model of discrete element in clay loam was verified to be accurate by analyzing the simulation and soil bin testing of hole forming device. The DEM model of soil was established on the basis of the parameters determined by the basic test. The 8 initial physical parameters were screened for significance using the Plackett-Burman test. The results show that: the surface energy of soil for JKR model, soil-soil restitution coefficient, and the soil-soil static friction coefficient have significant effects on the response value and repose angle. Based on the optimal interval value of the significant parameters are determined by the steepest ascent test and the Box-Behnken test result, the quadratic regression model of significance parameters and repose angle is established and optimized to obtain the optimal combination of the significance parameters: The surface energy of soil for JKR model is 12.73 J/m². The soil-soil restitution coefficient is 0.55. The soil-soil static friction coefficient is 0.84. Other insignificance parameters are as recommended by the GEMM database (Poisson's ratio of soil is 0.38. Soil-soil rolling friction coefficient is 0.1. Soil-steel restitution coefficient is 0.3. Soil-steel static friction coefficient is 0.6. Soil-steel rolling friction coefficient is 0.1). By the analog simulation of optimal parameter combination, it can be obtained that the simulated repose angle is 42.9&deg; and the measured repose angle is 42.4&deg;, therefore, the relative error is only 1.2%. There is no significant difference in shape and relevant value between the soil in simulation and the soil in experiment (P&gt;0.05). The optimized parameters can be used for further DEM analog simulation between the clay loam and the soil-contacting components and revealing the law of motion of clay loam under the action of soil-contacting components. The results of the simulation and soil bin testing of hole forming device show that, motion law of the soil-engaging component in the simulated soil model is slightly different from that in the soil groove test, with the numerical difference within 3.98%, which proves that the soil simulation model after parameter calibration and optimization can accurately replace the real soil for simulation. The research can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the dynamic study of the interaction between this type of soil and the contact soil components.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Calibration - Finite difference method - Interfacial energy - Models - Regression analysis - Software testing - Soils - Stiction - Surface testing
Uncontrolled terms:Clay loams - Contact modeling - Parameter calibration - Repose angles - Simulation parameters
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723.5  Computer Applications - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 3.98e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20193907477148
Title:Effects of tillage and planting patterns on soil infiltration parameters and water flow of border irrigation
Title of translation:&#32789;&#20316;&#21450;&#31181;&#26893;&#26041;&#24335;&#23545;&#22303;&#22756;&#20837;&#28183;&#21442;&#25968;&#21644;&#30054;&#28748;&#27700;&#27969;&#36816;&#21160;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Xiping (1); Cheng, Wuqun (1); Sheng, Lili (1); Zhen, Wenchao (2); Zhang, Xu (1); Zheng, Yonghu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China
Corresponding author:Cheng, Wuqun(chengwuqun@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:89-97
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is important to understand infiltration characteristics of irrigation water in soils under different tillage and planting pattern conditions. In this study, we studied the effects of tillage and planting patterns on soil infiltration parameters and flow movement of border irrigation. A total of 4 treatments were designed. They were subsoiling and rotary tillage with planting mode of equal line spacing (15 cm) (I), same with I in tillage method but different in planting mode with line spacing of 12.5 cm+12.5 cm+15 cm (II), same with I except that subsoiling is not used (III) and same with III except that the planting mode is line spacing of 12.5 cm+12.5 cm+15 cm (IV). The treatment of I and II had the same tillage method but different planting pattern and the treatment of I and III had the same planting pattern but different tillage method. A total of 3 plots with different lengths (30 m, 35 m and 40 m) and same width (2 m) were prepared for each treatment. The calculated values of infiltration parameters were obtained by Kostiakov model. Meanwhile, WinSRFR4.1 software optimization method was used to obtain the simulated values of infiltration parameters. Then, the effect of infiltration parameters variability on water movement was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the maximum relative errors of infiltration coefficient and infiltration index between the calculated value and the simulated value by the software were 1.24% and 1.57%, respectively. It indicated that it was feasible to simulate the soil infiltration parameters under different tillage and planting patterns by the software. 2) The tillage and planting method had effects on soil infiltration parameters. Compared to the planting pattern, the tillage had the much more influence on the infiltration parameters. 3) Coefficients of variation of infiltration coefficient were up to 0.34 and 0.22 at the wintering and jointing stage, respectively. In these 2 stages, the coefficients of variation of infiltration index reached 0.14 and 0.13, respectively. The infiltration parameters showed a time-dependent change trend. The infiltration coefficient under the subsoiling plus rotary tillage condition had the medium variability while the infiltration index of the rotary tillage had the weak variability. 4) Affected by the influence of variability of infiltration parameters, the irrigation water movement was also variable depending on the time. The variability of water movement during the second irrigation period was weaker than that during the first irrigation period. 5) Based on the variability of soil infiltration parameters, infiltration parameters in the 2 irrigation periods were determined in the different tillage and planting pattern. The result proposed in this study could better provide technical support for the design and management evaluation of border irrigation system.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Infiltration
Controlled terms:Flow of water - Hydraulics - Irrigation - Soils - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Planting pattern - Subsoiling - Tillage - Variability - Water flows
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1  Liquid Dynamics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.24e+00%, Percentage 1.57e+00%, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 3.50e+01m, Size 4.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20193907477099
Title:Influencing factors of CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from double cropping paddy fields in Hunan Province, China based on Meta-analysis
Title of translation:Meta&#20998;&#26512;&#28246;&#21335;&#30465;&#21452;&#23395;&#31291;&#30000;&#30002;&#28919;&#25490;&#25918;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;
Authors:Li, Shuaishuai (1); Zhang, Xiongzhi (1); Liu, Bingyang (1); Zhao, Xin (1); Zhang, Hailin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Farming System, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hailin(hailin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:124-132
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Warming climate has been a global concern. Methane is an important greenhouse gas. Double rice cropping system in Hunan province contributes a large proportion of the national rice production. In this study, we studied the effect of agricultural managements of rice on methane emissions from double cropping paddy fields in Hunan Province, China based on Meta-analysis method. Only studies designed as side-by-side paired field experiments were included in this study. Field management practices, treatments, and controls were described in detail in each study, and the location of the experiment was provided. If seasonal accumulative CH<inf>4</inf> emission fluxes were not directly provided, these values were calculated by multiplying time and mean CH<inf>4</inf> emissions by the measurement period. A total of 53 published peer-reviewed papers published before 2018were obtained by reference retrieval. From them, 840 groups of data were drawn. The management measures included crop rotation, symbiosis ecosystem, tillage, nitrogen fertilizer input, organic manure and residue retention. The control and treatment groups were fallow versus winter crops, paddy-rice system versus rice-duck and rice-fish systems, conventional versus no tillage, no fertilizer-N input versus fertilizer-N input, no manure input versus fertilizer-N and manure input, and fertilizer-N input versus residue retention. Natural log of response ratio was used as the effect size in the random effect meta-analysis. Results showed that CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from both early and late rice accounted for 97.9% of annual CH<inf>4</inf> emissions, and more CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from late rice was observed than that for early rice. In the double rice cropping system, adding winter crops could significantly increase CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from double rice season by 43.88% (P &lt; 0.05) compared to winter fallow. Moreover, the increase in methane emissions from early rice was significantly higher than that from late rice. Symbiosis ecosystem of rice (i.e., with ducks or fishes) and adopting no-till significantly decreased CH<inf>4</inf> emissions by 37.02% and 26.84% (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. The decrease in the emission from early rice field was much higher than that from late rice field. As for yield-scaled emission, application of N fertilizer decreased yield-scaled CH<inf>4</inf> emissions by 40.01% (P &lt; 0.05) mainly due to the yields increased by 73.87% (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, organic fertilizer application and residue retention increased 68.11% and 71.80% (P &lt; 0.05) of yield-scaled CH<inf>4</inf> emissions without impacting the rice yield. The results suggested adopting symbiosis ecosystem rice production or no-till along with optimized N input is conducive to balancing rice yield and CH<inf>4</inf> emissions from fields with double rice cropping system in Hunan province.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:73
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Ecosystems - Fertilizers - Fish - Greenhouse gases - Manures - Methane - Random processes
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management - Hunan province , China - Management measures - Meta analysis - Organic fertilizers - Rice cropping systems - Rice fields - Tillage
Classification code:451.1  Air Pollution Sources - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 922.1  Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.70e+01%, Percentage 6.81e+01%, Percentage 9.79e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20193907477119
Title:Gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern affecting spray shape and droplet size distribution
Title of translation:&#27668;&#28082;&#20004;&#30456;&#27969;&#27969;&#22411;&#24433;&#21709;&#21943;&#22068;&#21943;&#38654;&#24418;&#24577;&#21450;&#28082;&#28404;&#31890;&#24452;&#20998;&#24067;
Authors:Sun, Chunhua (1, 2); Ning, Zhi (1); Qiao, Xinqi (2); Li, Yuanxu (1); L&uuml;, Ming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing; 100044, China; (2) Institute of Internal Combustion Engine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Corresponding author:Ning, Zhi(zhining@bjtu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:29-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To obtain the influence of gas-liquid flow patterns on spray shape and droplet size distribution in effervescent atomizer, a visual effervescent spray system and a gas-liquid two-phase flow simulation model of atomizer interior and spray field were established, both experimental and simulation methods were used to investigate the spray shapes and droplet distribution characteristics of a visual effervescent atomizer under churn flow and bubbly flow. The structure design together with the structural geometric parameters of the visual effervescent atomizer was carried out on the basis of the relevant research at home and abroad. The gas-liquid flow patterns, the spray shape and parameters were presented in the effervescent spray experiments. The gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern together with its influencing factors, and features of gas-liquid mixing form under churn and bubbly flow in the mixing chamber were experimentally studied by the visual effervescent spray system. The simulation model of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the exit orifice of effervescent atomizer was established. Based on this, characteristics of flow parameters pulsating under different flow patterns at the exit section of the orifice were clarified. The spray shapes of different gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns in the atomizer were experimental studied by the visual effervescent spray system. The characteristics of droplet distribution in the spray field of different flow patterns were studied by simulation method. The variation law of spray shape together with its pulsation characteristics, and the droplet distribution features in the spray field of different gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns were determined clearly. The results show that under churn flow, the pulsation amplitude of gas fraction and its variation in the atomizer exit orifice are relatively small and gas fraction is relatively high. Under bubbly flow, the gas fraction is lower and shows bander oscillating attenuation. The pulsation of the spray shapes is not obvious in the churn flow, and distribution of spray half cone angle is relatively concentrated, while the situations are exactly opposite in the bubbly flow. In churn flow, the proportion of spray half cone angle is more than 70% in the range of 8&deg;-14&deg;, while that of the bubbly flow is less than 40%. The influences of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns in the atomizer on the droplet collision rate and droplet velocity in the spray field are limited to the vicinity of the orifice. Under churn flow, the droplet size distribution near the exit orifice is more concentrated and the distribution range changes more with the increase of the axial distance, the average droplet diameter is about 4% smaller than that of bubble flow. In the outlet of the nozzle region (axis distance &lt; 40 mm), the standard deviation of droplet diameter of churn flow is more than 30% smaller than that of bubbly flow. The difference in droplet size distribution with different gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns decreases with the increase of the axial distance, under churn flow, the radial extent of the large-sized droplet area is slightly smaller than that of bubbly flow, and the droplet size is significantly larger than that of bubbly flow. The research can provide theoretical and experimental basis for the development of effervescent atomization technology and the reasonable selection of flow patterns for various purpose.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Two phase flow
Controlled terms:Atomization - Atomizers - Drops - Experiments - Flow patterns - Gases - Liquids - Mixing - Orifices - Oscillating flow  - Size distribution - Spray nozzles
Uncontrolled terms:Droplet distribution - Droplet size distributions - Effervescent atomization - Effervescent atomizers - Gas - liquid two-phase flows - Oscillating attenuation - Pulsation amplitude - Simulation
Classification code:631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 901.3  Engineering Research - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20193907477167
Title:Double membranes cushion layout for preventing frost heave damage based on elastic thin contact model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#24377;&#24615;&#34180;&#23618;&#25509;&#35302;&#27169;&#22411;&#30740;&#31350;&#34924;&#30732;&#28192;&#36947;&#21452;&#33180;&#38450;&#20923;&#32960;&#24067;&#35774;
Authors:Wang, Yi (1); Wang, Zhengzhong (1); Liu, Quanhong (1); Liu, Yue (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Northwest A&amp;F University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Aird and Semiarid Area, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhengzhong(wangzz0910@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:133-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water delivery canals play an important role in highly efficient water use in arid and semi-arid regions in China. Those regions mostly belong to cold region widely distributed with seasonal frozen soils. Thus, canal lining is susceptible to frost damage because of the heave of freezing soil and the adfreezing constraint between foundation and lining. Double geo-membranes between lining and foundation soil have an advantage in relieving adfreezing strength and adjusting lining displacement to adapt nonuniform frost heave but reduce the stiffness and stability of lining structure. To find the best layout of double geo-membranes and quantitative analysis on the adaptation of the double geo-membranes, a heat-moisture-stress coupling model of frost heave for arc bottom trapezoidal canal was established by finite element method. A bilinear interaction model between layers of cushion was considered by thin elastic layer element, of which the friction force was expressed as reaction force relating to its shear stiffness. A total of 3 different layout forms of composite cushion (membrane-membrane, membrane-fabric and fabric-fabric) were simulated by various shear stiffness parameters. The lining stress and deformation were compared by different canal sections and layout forms of double membranes cushion under lining. The result showed that: 1) For narrow and deep lined canals, the smaller the friction between membranes would result in the more uniform frost heave but the worse overall structure stability. While for wide and shallow canals, it was disadvantageous for neither frost heave uniformity nor overall stability when reducing the friction between membranes. Hence considering the requirements of frost heave uniformity and stability, the membrane-fabric form was suitable for both narrow and deep lined canals and wide and shallow lined canals. 2) The arch structure at the bottom of canal had an arch effect that could increase the axial compressive force along lining when bearing the heave force at the lower surface of lining. But as decreasing friction by double membranes, the arch effect was weaken, causing the extra tensile stress in the slope of canal lining. Therefore, considering the requirements of structure strength, the membrane-fabric and fabric-fabric form was suitable for anti-frost damage of canal lining. Double membranes cushion with less adfreezing strength such as membrane-membrane and membrane-fabric combinations could relieve the freezing constraint and adjust lining uneven frost heave deformation, but may lead to large displacement and damage tensile stress as a result of the release of arch effect at the bottom of the canal. Therefore, double membranes cushion with some small friction could not ensure the safety of strength and stiffness of lining structure. In addition, proper adfreezing strength was helpful in adjusting uneven frost heave by partly slip and limiting overall deformation. Furthermore, the arch effect should be rationally utilized to produce compressive stress along lining. In consequence, when membrane-fabric was used as interface between membranes, the displacement variance of lining decreased by 25% and the frost heave stress reduced by more the 50%, while the overall displacement increased by 0.2 cm or less. This double membranes form, which was suitable for narrow and deep canals as well as wide and shallow canals, could meet the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability for lining structure, and could improve the adaptive ability for frost heave damage. The results could provide information for selecting reasonable layout of double membranes cushion lining canals in cold region.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Canal linings
Controlled terms:Arches - Canals - Compressive stress - Deformation - Freezing - Friction - Frost protection - Frozen soils - Hydraulic structures - Irrigation canals  - Linings - Membranes - Stability - Stiffness - Tensile stress - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Anti-seepage - Arid and semi-arid regions - Axial compressive forces - Contact constitutive relations - Frost heave - Frost heave deformation - Strength and stiffness - Stress and deformation
Classification code:407.2  Waterways - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Size 2.00e-03m, Percentage 2.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20193907477219
Title:Design of wireless temperature sensing system powered by mcrobial fuel cell
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#24494;&#29983;&#29289;&#29123;&#26009;&#30005;&#27744;&#20379;&#33021;&#30340;&#26080;&#32447;&#28201;&#24230;&#20256;&#24863;&#31995;&#32479;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Luo, Zhicong (1, 2); Wang, Shuai (1, 2); Tang, Jiahuan (3); Li, Jinghu (4); Ye, Dapeng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (2) Fujian Engineering Research Center of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Fujian Agriculture and Foresty University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China; (4) College of Computer and Information Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou; 350002, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Dapeng(ydp@fafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:209-216
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the modernization of agriculture and social informatization, the internet of things (IoT) and the wireless sensor network (WSN) are widely used in the agricultural application. The sensor nodes play important roles in IoT and WSN system, which have strict requirements on the battery. In the traditional scheme, WSN is powered by the lithium battery or solar panel. It is very hard to recharge the lithium battery in the wild, while the solar panel is greatly limited by the environment. It brings great challenge to the power supply of sensor nodes. The microbial full cell (MFC) is one of the most promising renewable energy, which can be used for the self-power supply of the sensors in real application. MFC uses microbes as biocatalysts, which can transform carbohydrates into electrical energy. In order to improve the efficiency of MFC, lots research has been done. The maximum power output of MFC has been gradually improved. However, the output open-circuit voltage of MFC is low,about 0.7 V, and the internal resistance is large, so it is impossible to ensure the MFC working at the maximum power point. Based on the polarization curve and output power density of the MFC reactor, a power management module is designed to improve the efficiency of MFC in this paper. The output power management module consists of an energy harvesting circuit and a secondary booster circuit. The energy harvesting circuit consists of a DC-DC converter, hysteresis compactors (ADCMP609 and 74HC32) and a large capacitor, which has a function of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The circuit can boost the output voltage of MFC at the maximum power point, which improves the system energy conversion efficiency. The secondary booster circuit consists of an Ener Chip energy processor (CBC915), a charge pump (IC S882Z24), an Ener Chip solid state battery module (CBC51100). The secondary booster circuit can improve the voltage on the large capacitor connected with the output of the energy collection circuit and the working voltage of the wireless temperature sensor, and provide a stable power supply for the next stage circuit. The wireless temperature monitor system is powered by the proposed power management module. MSP430 and CC2500 chips are used in the temperature monitor system to collect the environmental temperature and send the real-time temperature data to the remote terminal. The measured results show that the output voltage of MFC in the system is maintained in the range from 316 to 390 mV, and the function of maximum power point tracking is realized. The output voltage of the energy harvesting circuit and the secondary booster circuit are 1.1 and 3.5 V, respectively. By using MFC as the power supply, the wireless temperature sensors deliver the environment temperature data to the remote terminal at a period of 13 ms. The proposed energy harvesting circuit for MFC with MPPT function provides an innovative solution to solve the problem of the power supply for sensor nodes, and has great potential in agricultural environmental monitoring system.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Internet of things
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Charge pump circuits - Conversion efficiency - DC-DC converters - Design - Electric inverters - Electric power systems - Energy harvesting - Lithium batteries - Maximum power point trackers  - Microbial fuel cells - Monitoring - Open circuit voltage - Power management - Power supply circuits - Sensor nodes - Sensors - Solar cell arrays - Solar concentrators - Solid state devices  - Solid-State Batteries - Temperature measurement - Temperature sensors
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural environmental monitoring - Environment temperature - Environmental temperature - Informatization - Internet of thing (IOT) - Maximum Power Point Tracking - Output power density - Wireless temperature sensors
Classification code:525.5  Energy Conversion Issues - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 702  Electric Batteries and Fuel Cells - 703.1  Electric Networks - 704.1  Electric Components - 704.2  Electric Equipment - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 714.2  Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits - 722  Computer Systems and Equipment - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 944.5  Temperature Measuring Instruments - 944.6  Temperature Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.30e-02s, Voltage 1.10e+00V, Voltage 3.16e-01V to 3.90e-01V, Voltage 3.50e+00V, Voltage 7.00e-01V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20193907477135
Title:Effects of drip fertigation around root zone on yield and quality of red jujube and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Xinjiang
Title of translation:&#26681;&#21306;&#23380;&#19979;&#28404;&#28748;&#26045;&#32933;&#23545;&#26032;&#30086;&#32418;&#26531;&#20135;&#37327;&#21697;&#36136;&#21644;&#27694;&#30967;&#38078;&#21033;&#29992;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Jifeng (1, 2); Geng, Qinglong (2); Liang, Zhi (2); Cao, Wenchao (1); Chen, Qing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Research Institute of Soil &amp; Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Qing(qchen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:65-71
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reasonable selection of drip fertigation technique is the key to achieve the effects of water-saving and fertilizer reduction in the intensive orchards. In this study, the influences of surface drip fertigation method (SD) and in-hole around rootzone drip fertigation method (RD) on the growth, fruit quality and the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in Xinjiang red jujube were investigated in the Akasu, southern Xinjiang area. The Chinese jujube was planted since 1999. 3 plots were prepared. In each plot, the 2 treatments were used. In the treatment of SD, the drip line was placed both sides of jujube tree. In the treatment of RD, 1 lateral pipe without emitters in diameter of 8 cm was placed on the soil surface for a line of jujube tree. Around each tree, 6 holes in diameter of 10 cm and depth of 35 cm were drilled for placement of catheter with emitters. The holes were filled with cottonseed cake to hold the catheter. The emitter had flow rate of 3.75 L/h. For each replicate of treatment, 10 jujube trees were included. The irrigation amount and fertilizer application rate were same for the 2 treatments. In 2011 and 2012, the yield and quality of jujube were determined. In 2012, the cumulative N, P and K content in the jujube trees were also determined. The results showed that the 2-year average yield of jujube fruit in the RD treatment significantly increased by 6.9% compared to the SD treatment. Meanwhile, the 2-year average weight of single dry fruit was 5.04 g in the RD treatment, which was 8.4% higher than that in the SD treatment. The influence of irrigation method on quality of jujube was similar except for the ratio of sugar to acid content. In 2011, the total sugar and reducing sugar content of the RD treatment were 5.6% and 40.9% higher than those of the SD treatment; The crude fat and the ratio of sugar content to acid content in the RD treatment was significantly higher than that in the SD; The other quality index was similar in the both treatments. In 2012, the ratio of sugar content to acid content was not significantly different between the both treatments and the influence of treatments on the other jujube quality index followed the same way with that in 2011. In general, the RD could increase jujube yield and quality. Compared to the SD treatment, the RD treatment increased the contents of N, P, and K in the leaf of jujube tree in 2011 by 6.7%, 33.6% and 7.3%, respectively, while it only increased the contents of N and P in the leaf in 2012. In 2011 and 2012, the significant higher content of P in shoots and roots of the treatment of RD was observed than that in the treatment of SD. In the jujube fruits, the P and K content of the treatment of RD was significantly higher than those in the SD treatment by 41.0% and 13.6% in 2011 and 46.2% and 12.9% in 2012 (P&lt;0.05). In the harvest stage of 2012, the biomass of root and fruit were significantly higher by 46.7% and 8.0% in the RD treatment than in the SD treatment (P&lt;0.05). In the meantime, the cumulative of P in the jujube tree was significantly higher in the RD treatment than in the SD treatment. The total P accumulated content was 33.72 g/plant in the RD treatment and 21.23 g/plant in the SD treatment. Economic benefit analysis on jujube orchard under different irrigation methods showed that, although the cost increased by 1 950 RMB/hm² with the RD treatment compared to the SD treatment, the jujube output increased by 3 750 RMB/hm². Therefore, the management practices of RD treatment significantly increase the biomass in root system, fruit yield, the nutrient content of jujube tree, and the utilization efficiency of fertilizer. This study provide an effective irrigation method for orchard so as to improve yield and save water.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Catheters - Cost benefit analysis - Fertilizers - Fruits - Irrigation - Nitrogen - Orchards - Phosphorus - Potassium - Water conservation  - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Emitters - Fertigations - Red jujube - Root zone - Yield
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 462.1  Biomedical Equipment, General - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Mass 5.04e-03kg, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+03%, Percentage 3.36e+01%, Percentage 4.09e+01%, Percentage 4.10e+01%, Percentage 4.62e+01%, Percentage 4.67e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 6.70e+00%, Percentage 6.90e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 8.40e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 8.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20193907477094
Title:Plastic greenhouse recognition based on GF-2 data and multi-texture features
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;GF-2&#25968;&#25454;&#32467;&#21512;&#22810;&#32441;&#29702;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#22609;&#26009;&#22823;&#26842;&#35782;&#21035;
Authors:Wu, Jinyu (1); Liu, Xiaolong (1, 2); Bo, Yanchen (3); Shi, Zhengtao (1); Fu, Zhuo (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Tourism &amp; Geography Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China; (2) Provincial Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes &amp; Environmental Change, Kunming; 650500, China; (3) Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (4) Ministry of Ecology and Environmental Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment, Beijing; 100094, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xiaolong(liuxl@mail.bnu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:173-183
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The wide use of plastic greenhouses in the word has brought economic benefits, but also caused many environmental problems. Accurate and timely acquisition of spatial distribution information of plastic greenhouse is of great significance to agricultural production and soil management. The use of plastic greenhouse has changed the structure of soil, thus changing the surface spectral characteristics of the soil. Because of the particularity of the plastic film material, the reflection spectrum has strong directionality and uncertainty, so it is difficult to identify plastic greenhouse accurately only depending on the reflectance spectrum characteristics of ground objects. In this paper, Kunming City, Yunnan Province is taken as the research area, using GF-2 image as a single data source, the multi-scale segmentation method is used to obtain the image object efficiently and accurately. According to the detailed spatial information of plastic greenhouse, the applicability of three image object-based texture extraction algorithms, namely GLCM(gray-level co-occurrence matrix), LBP(local binary pattern) and PSI(pixel shape index) for plastic greenhouse identification is analysed and tested. In addition, different texture features are combined with spectral features and NDVI index to form different classification schemes, to explore which one would be the best combination of texture features for identification of plastic greenhouses. In order to explore the robustness of the method, different texture feature combination schemes are applied in the study areas. The results of SVM (support vector machine) classifier are evaluated by confusion matrix. The results show that the overall combination schemes of the two research areas with different landscape patterns have the same trend. The combination of spectral features and NDVI index can accurately identify the scattered waters in each of the two study areas. For plastic greenhouses and impervious surfaces with similar reflectance spectra, adding texture features can make up for limitation of spectral characteristics and improve the overall accuracy. The phenomena of homologous or homologous spectra in spectral features of high spatial resolution image can effectively improve the discrimination between plastic greenhouse and impervious surface. Texture features can significantly improve the identification accuracy of plastic greenhouse following the object-based image classification frame. In the classification scheme of plastic greenhouses with different spatial distribution structures, the LBP (local binary pattern) texture algorithm has the best recognition accuracy, the overall accuracy of study area A is 96.85%, Kappa coefficient is 0.95, and that of study area B is 95.58% and 0.94. Landscape fragment analysis (landscape fragmentation index area mean index, aggregation indices) of the two different study areas showed that the plastic greenhouses in study area A are more fragmented than study area B (area mean indices are 3.39 hm&sup2; and 1.37 hm&sup2;, aggregation indices are 80.64 and 72.98 for plastic greenhouses in study area A and B, respectively). The results of fragmentation are consistent with those of classification, and the accuracy of landscape classification with more space fragments is lower (the highest overall classification accuracy for study area A and B are 98.13% and 96.13%, respectively, the PA(producer accuracy) and UA(user accuracy) are 96.47% and 97.93% for study area A, and 90.67%, 99.68% for study area B). The results show that texture features based on image objects can improve the recognition accuracy of small-scale plastic greenhouse. This is of great significance to the accurate mapping of the distribution of plastic greenhouses.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Image texture
Controlled terms:Agronomy - Greenhouses - Image enhancement - Image registration - Image resolution - Image segmentation - Matrix algebra - Reflection - Remote sensing - Soils  - Spatial distribution - Support vector machines - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Gf-2 data - Gray level co-occurrence matrix - High spatial resolution images - Object-based classifications - Object-based image classification - Spectral characteristics - SVM(support vector machine) - Texture features
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.6  Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 921  Mathematics - 921.1  Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.07e+01%, Percentage 9.56e+01%, Percentage 9.61e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.79e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Percentage 9.97e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20193907477267
Title:Plant image reconstruction based on Dog-Leg regularized adaptive compression sampling
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;Dog-Leg&#27491;&#21017;&#21270;&#33258;&#36866;&#24212;&#21387;&#32553;&#37319;&#26679;&#30340;&#26893;&#26666;&#22270;&#20687;&#37325;&#26500;
Authors:Shen, Yue (1); Li, Shanglong (1); Liu, Hui (1); Liu, Jialin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Hui(amity@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:191-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Image acquisition and reconstruction is one of the key technologies in the development of machine vision technology. With the continuous developments of agricultural automation, image compression and reconstruction of targeted plants play an important role in the detection of fruits and plants. High-speed and high-quality image compression has become a research hotspot. The traditional Nyquist sampling theorem requires that the sampling frequency must be greater than twice of the highest frequency of the signal to completely reconstruct the original signal. The theory of compressed sensing parallelizes the sampling and compression of data, only requires a small amount of signal to accurately reconstruct the original signal, which greatly eases the pressure of storage and transmission. The general compressed sensing methods have problems such as low reconstruction precision and long running time. Aiming to solve these problems, a modified regularized adaptive compressed sampling matching pursuit algorithm based on dog-leg(DLRaCSMP) and compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP)is proposed in this paper. Regularization method is used in the iterative process to ensure the accuracy of the support set selection. In the iteration process, Dog-Leg least squares algorithm is used to accelerate the convergence speed, and then the residual values obtained in the adjacent reconstruction process are compared. The relative threshold is set to adjust the step size. The reconstruction time is shortened by fast approximation of large step size, and the precision is ensured by accurate approximation of small step size. Kinect 2.0 is used to obtain the color image of the target plant. The brightness, hue and outline features of HSV color space are used to input into the Itti model, and the saliency feature image of the plant is constructed by fusion, which highlights the foreground target and simplifies the complex scene, and reduces the data collection. The test results show that the reconstruction time of the real-time image and salient feature image is about 2.14 and 1.75 s respectively when the sampling rate is 0.50. The average reconstruction efficiency is increased by 75.5% and 77.9% compared with that of the CoSaMP algorithm, respectively. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of the original image and salient feature image reaches 35.16 and 38.93 dB respectively, which improves 6.12 and 5.75 dB compared to that of the CoSaMP algorithm. And the average reconstruction accuracy is increased by 21.6% and 15.5% compared with that of the CoSaMP algorithm respectively.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Image compression
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Compressed sensing - Digital storage - Edge detection - Genetic algorithms - Image enhancement - Image reconstruction - Image sampling - Image segmentation  - Iterative methods - Least squares approximations - Signal to noise ratio
Uncontrolled terms:High quality image compression - Least squares methods - Machine vision technologies - Matching pursuit algorithms - Nyquist sampling theorem - Peak signal to noise ratio - Reconstruction efficiency - Salient features
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 741.1  Light/Optics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922  Statistical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Decibel 3.52e+01dB, Decibel 3.89e+01dB, Decibel 5.75e+00dB, Decibel 6.12e+00dB, Percentage 1.55e+01%, Percentage 2.16e+01%, Percentage 7.55e+01%, Percentage 7.79e+01%, Time 1.75e+00s, Time 2.14e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20193907477177
Title:Research progress on biochar enhanced anaerobic fermentation technology of organic wastes
Title of translation:&#29983;&#29289;&#28845;&#24378;&#21270;&#26377;&#26426;&#24223;&#24323;&#29289;&#21388;&#27687;&#21457;&#37237;&#25216;&#26415;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Feng, Jing (1); Jing, Yong (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Shen, Ruixia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150036, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:256-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic fermentation is an important technical way to deal with organic wastes in China. However, in the process of treating organic wastes under high load conditions by anaerobic fermentation technology, it is easy to cause anaerobic fermentation operation unstable and the efficiency of organic waste treatment is not high due to the inhibitory substances such as the high concentration of organic acid and ammonia nitrogen. Biochar is a multi-aperture carbonaceous material formed by high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass materials under the anaerobic or anoxic conditions. Biochar has many excellent properties, such as the high specific surface area, good conductivity, mass transfer and heat transfer performance. At the same time, biochar also contains a lot of ash, and the abundant ash contains a lot of elements such as calcium and magnesium, which makes the biochar have good adsorption and ion exchange performance. As an additive for anaerobic fermentation, it can effectively improve the pH value, alkalinity and the acid buffer capacity of the anaerobic fermentation system, and alleviate the inhibition of the excessive production of methane by the volatile fatty acids during the lag period. It can cause the adhesion of microorganisms and had a certain microbial carrier effect. Addition of biochar can effectively solve the problems of the low efficiency of gas production and unstable fermentation in current anaerobic fermentation, and biochar is now widely used in anaerobic fermentation technology research. In recent years, the research status of domestic and foreign showed that biochar could effectively strengthen anaerobic fermentation under certain conditions and improve the treatment efficiency of organic wastes in anaerobic fermentation process. However, for the biochar-enhanced anaerobic fermentation technology approach, there were still no systematic reviewed and reported. In this paper, the chemical composition, surface pore structure, key factors of surface functional groups and important ways of biochar-enhanced anaerobic fermentation technology of biochar materials were systematically analyzed and summarized. Based on the physical and chemical properties of biochar materials, biochar was described. For example, the effects of different types, different particle sizes and different amounts of additive biochar on anaerobic fermentation. And the intensive pathways of anaerobic fermentation technology mainly included: Biochar could effectively improve the buffer capacity of the system, it had a certain microbial carrier function, and it could strengthen the interspecific electron transport of microorganisms. On this basis, the focus of research on anaerobic fermentation technology of organic wastes in the future was proposed. At the same time, it also provided support for the in-depth development of biochar enhanced anaerobic fermentation technology.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:68
Main heading:Fermentation
Controlled terms:Additives - Alkalinity - Ammonia - Anoxic water - Buffer storage - Chemical analysis - Efficiency - Electron transport properties - Heat transfer performance - High temperature operations  - Ion exchange - Mass transfer - Microorganisms - pH - Pore structure - Volatile fatty acids - Waste treatment - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation process - Bio chars - Calcium and magnesiums - Different particle sizes - High specific surface area - High-temperature pyrolysis - Physical and chemical properties - Surface functional groups
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.9  Biology - 641.3  Mass Transfer - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 913.1  Production Engineering - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20193907477258
Title:Nitric oxide fumigation inhibiting Aspergillus niger disease and maintaining storage quality of dried ash jujube
Title of translation:&#19968;&#27687;&#21270;&#27694;&#29071;&#33976;&#25233;&#21046;&#24178;&#21046;&#28784;&#26531;&#40657;&#26354;&#38665;&#30149;&#21450;&#36142;&#34255;&#21697;&#36136;&#20445;&#25345;
Authors:Chen, Yan (1); Zhang, Jian (2); Wei, Jia (2); Wu, Bin (2); Zhang, Ping (2); Wang, Jide (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Institute of Commodity Storage and Processing Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi; 830091, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jide(awangjd@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:297-303
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is one of the main dominant pathogens causing the disease of dried ash jujube fruit. Latenting A. niger in the ash jujube produce disease symptoms such as dark spots and rot after infection. Ash jujube had been planted in Xinjiang since the early 1970s and had become one of the leading varieties of Xinjiang jujube industry. After harvesting, most of the Xinjiang ash jujube were dried by natural drying and sent to all parts of the country for sale. Due to improper storage methods, problems such as fungal infection and moth reproduction tend to degrade the quality of fruit, which not only cause a large amount of economic loss, but also endanger human health. Therefore, it is necessary to build a safe and effective method to inhibit the disease of dried ash jujube and maintain quality. Nitric oxide (NO) is a kind of gaseous free radical molecule, which plays an important messenger role in the organism. Numerous studies had shown that exogenous NO treatment significantly delay postharvest senescence of fresh fruits, prolong shelf life and resist infection by pathogenic fungi. In order to provide scientific basis and practical guidance for the application of NO in postharvest dry ash jujube fruit storage and preservation, Xinjiang ash jujube was used as a test material and fumigated by NO gas. The effects of NO fumigation on the inhibition of A. niger disease and the storage quality of dried ash jujube were studied. By in vitro culture and in vivo injury inoculation method, the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of NO on A. niger isolated from ash jujube and A. niger disease were researched. Compared with the control group, NO significantly inhibited the growth of A. niger, and reduced the severity of the fruit disease caused by A. niger. As the concentration of NO increased, the inhibition on A. niger and A. niger disease was more effective. The concentration of 600 &mu;L/L NO completely inhibited the growth and reproduction of A. niger and the occurrence of fruit disease caused by the A. niger, the inhibition rate was 100%. Therefore, the 600 &mu;L/L NO was used to fumigate the jujube fruit for 3 hours which stored at room temperature for 50 days at a temperature of (23 &plusmn; 2.0) &#8451; and relative humidity 50% &plusmn; 5%. The effects of NO fumigation on the occurrence of natural diseases and quality parameters of ash jujube were studied. After storage for 50 days, The NO group decreased the weight loss rate, mold rate, insect rate, browning degree and total number of surface colonies of ash jujube by 0.484%, 1.73%, 3.40%, 0.138 and 1.22 lgCFU/g, respectively; which were significantly lower than that of control group (P&lt;0.05). NO delayed the decrease of moisture, totle soluble solids, reducing sugar, titratable acid and Vitamin C content of the ash jujube, and better maintained the appearance of the fruit. It can be seen that NO fumigation treatment can effectively suppress the A. niger disease in dried ash jujube, and well keep the storage quality of ash jujube fruit. NO has high potential in the control of disease during dried ash jujube storage, which provides a new research idea for NO gas fumigation technology in prevention and inhibition of disease in dried fruits.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Disease control
Controlled terms:Aspergillus - Cell proliferation - Free radicals - Fruits - Fumigation - Losses - Nitric oxide - Quality control - Storage (materials)
Uncontrolled terms:Aspergillus niger - Fumigation treatment - Inoculation method - Practical guidance - Quality parameters - Storage quality - Vitamin c contents - Weight loss rates
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 694.4  Storage - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.37e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.73e+00%, Percentage 3.40e+00%, Percentage 4.84e-01%, Time 1.08e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20193907477225
Title:Analysis on purification effect of closed circulating aquaculture water by planting and aquaculture combined with BAF process
Title of translation:&#31181;&#20859;&#32467;&#21512;BAF&#24037;&#33402;&#23545;&#23494;&#38381;&#24490;&#29615;&#20859;&#27542;&#27700;&#20928;&#21270;&#25928;&#26524;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Li, Ting (1, 2); Li, Jialian (1); Ai, Weidang (1, 3); Zhang, Qian (2); Xing, Dingyu (2); Cao, Tengfei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) SPACEnter Space Science and Technology Institute, Shenzhen; 518117, China; (2) Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen; 518055, China; (3) China astronaut research and training center, Beijing; 100094, China
Corresponding author:Ai, Weidang(aiwd@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:217-223
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:For achieving the requirement of fish production and water sustained regeneration in controlled ecological life support system, a pilot-scale modified biological aerated filter (BAF) coupled with vegetable cultivation system was constructed as a purification plant for the closed recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The performance of the modified purification process on RAS was investigated, and its principle was also discussed in this research. At initial stage, 300 L municipal water as well as 60 tilapia mossambica were inset in the freshwater pond of RAS. In the followed experimental 200 days, the variation of water quality and fish growth was tracked and investigated, and then the navigability of purification process for RAS was analyzed and discussed. The experimental results showed that in the first research period (1-60 days), the single BAF process showed poor performance on the pollutant removal, and there were a mount of TOC, N and P accumulation after 60 days raising period. For resolving this problem, a modified BAF process coupled with vegetable cultivation system was constructed and carried out in the following 140 days. The followed experimental results exhibited that the modified BAF process coupled with vegetable cultivation showed significant good performance on the pollutant control, where the concentration of TOC and NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N decreased form 60.3 and 2.9 mg/L to 11.2 and 1.2 mg/L, respectively, and the concentration of NO<inf>3</inf>^--N and PO<inf>4</inf>^3--P obviously decreased form 114.2 and 43.1 mg/L to around 54.7 and 15.6 mg/L, respectively. Besides, the concentration of NO<inf>2</inf>^--N remained below 0.1 mg/L. Modified purification process could provide health-safety environment for the tilapia mossambica growth and vegetable cultivation in closed RAS, more than 95% water was regenerated, and the maximum aquiculture density was 41.3 kg/m³ and without fish death. At the same time, four batches of vegetables were harvested. The total weight of vegetables was 23 420 g, and the individual weight was 195.17 g, respectively. The results showed that the modified BAF process coupled with vegetable cultivation could ensure the sustainable and stable operation of RAS and provide technical reference for fish culture in the controlled ecological life security system.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Vegetables
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Biofilters - Fish - Pollution - Purification - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Biological aerated filters (BAF) - Controlled ecological life support systems - Health safety environment - Pollutant control - Purification effect - Purification process - Recirculating aquaculture system - Vegetable cultivation
Classification code:445.2  Water Analysis - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-01yr, Age 2.74e-03yr to 1.64e-01yr, Age 3.84e-01yr, Age 5.48e-01yr, Mass 1.95e-01kg, Mass 2.34e+01kg, Mass_Density 1.00e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.12e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.14e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.20e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.56e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.90e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.13e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.31e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.47e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.03e-02kg/m3, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20193907477253
Title:Improving coffee yield and quality by full irrigation under moderate shade cultivation of banana tree in dry-hot region
Title of translation:&#39321;&#34121;&#26641;&#20013;&#24230;&#33643;&#34109;&#19979;&#20805;&#20998;&#28748;&#27700;&#25552;&#39640;&#24178;&#28909;&#21306;&#21654;&#21857;&#20135;&#37327;&#21450;&#21697;&#36136;
Authors:Hao, Kun (1, 2, 3); Fei, Liangjun (1, 2); Liu, Xiaogang (3); Liu, Lihua (1, 2); He, Hongyan (4); Yang, Qiliang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulic in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an; 710048, China; (3) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China; (4) Tropical and Subtropical Economic Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan; 678025, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Xiaogang(liuxiaogangjy@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:72-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The yield and quality of Coffea arabica cannot be guaranteed due to irrational irrigation and light management in dry-hot region of southwest China. In order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on yield and quality of Coffea arabica under the shade of banana trees in dry-hot region, the local Coffea arabica (5 years) was chosen for test material. In the field experiment, 3 levels of irrigation, i.e., full irrigation (FI, which was determined by the monthly water demand data of Coffea arabica and precipitation in dry-hot region), light deficit irrigation (DI<inf>L</inf>: 75%FI) and severe deficit irrigation (DI<inf>S</inf>: 50%FI), and 4 modes of shade cultivation, i.e., no shade cultivation (S<inf>0</inf>: monoculture Coffea arabica, i.e., natural light intensity), light shade cultivation (S<inf>L</inf>: intercropping with 4 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana), moderate shade cultivation (S<inf>M</inf>: intercropping with 3 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana) and severe shade cultivation (S<inf>S</inf>: intercropping with 2 lines of Coffea arabica and 1 line of banana) were designed. Principal component analysis and TOPSIS method were used to evaluate total sugar, protein, fat, caffeine, chlorogenic acid, crude fiber and water extracts content of Coffea arabica comprehensively. The results showed that the dry bean yield of Coffea arabica was significantly different under different shade cultivation modes and irrigation levels (P&lt;0.05), and there were the highest dry bean yield (5 854.34 kg/hm²) and the highest dry mass of 100-bean of Coffea arabica in the FIS<inf>M</inf> treatment. But FIS<inf>M</inf> was not significantly different with the FIS<inf>S</inf> treatment (P&gt;0.05)in the volume and fresh mass of 100-bean of Coffea arabica. The effects of irrigation level on total sugar content of Coffea arabica were not significant (P&gt;0.05), and that of interaction between irrigation level and shade cultivation mode on fat and crude fibre content were also not significant (P&gt;0.05). However, the effects of their interaction on total sugar, protein, caffeine, chlorogenic acid and water extract content of Coffea arabica were extremely significant (P&lt;0.01). There were higher content of total sugar, protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica of FIS<inf>M</inf> treatment, while lower content of caffeine and crude fiber. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant positive correlation between protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica, while significant negative correlation between crude fiber and total sugar, protein, fat, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of Coffea arabica, respectively. Based on both principal component analysis and TOPSIS method, the best comprehensive quality of Coffea arabica was FIS<inf>S</inf> treatment, the next was FIS<inf>M</inf> treatment, and the poorest comprehensive quality was DI<inf>S</inf>S<inf>0</inf> treatment. Compared with the FIS<inf>0</inf> treatment, total sugar, protein, chlorogenic acid, water extracts content and dry bean yield of FIS<inf>M</inf> treatment increased by 6.11%, 10.79%, 40.58%, 9.95% and 14.32%, respectively, while protein, chlorogenic acid and water extracts content of FIS<inf>S</inf> treatment increased by 19.88%, 43.10% and 11.94%, respectively, dry bean yield decreased by 15.69%. Considering the comprehensive benefit of high production and superior quality, the suitable combination of irrigation treatment and banana shade cultivation mode for Coffea arabica was full irrigation under moderate shade cultivation (FIS<inf>M</inf>). To summarize, the results of the study could provide guidance for irrigation and light management of Coffea arabica in dry-hot region of southwest China.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Coffee
Controlled terms:Caffeine - Correlation methods - Extraction - Fibers - Forestry - Fruits - Image quality - Irrigation - Principal component analysis - Proteins  - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:Coffee beans - Comprehensive benefit - Comprehensive qualities - Irrigation treatments - Pearson correlation analysis - Shade mode - TOPSIS method - Yield
Classification code:802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.19e+01%, Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.57e+01%, Percentage 1.99e+01%, Percentage 4.06e+01%, Percentage 4.31e+01%, Percentage 6.11e+00%, Percentage 9.95e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20193907477145
Title:3D printing slice algorithm and partition scanning strategy for numerical control machining system
Title of translation:&#38754;&#21521;&#25968;&#25511;&#21152;&#24037;&#31995;&#32479;&#30340;3D&#25171;&#21360;&#20999;&#29255;&#31639;&#27861;&#19982;&#20998;&#21306;&#25195;&#25551;&#31574;&#30053;
Authors:Lai, Xuhui (1); Wei, Zhengying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an; 710049, China
Corresponding author:Wei, Zhengying(weizhengying437@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:58-64
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In the field of selective melting using laser or electron beam as heat source, the rapid development of augmentation manufacturing technology makes it possible to form small parts precisely, but there is still great resistance to the printing of large and medium-sized parts. In order to solve the problem of rapid repair and replacement of large and medium-sized key components of agricultural machinery and equipment, a solution combining numerical control system and electron beam forming is proposed, which combines the high precision of the computerized numerical control system with the high efficiency of electron beam forming, and can quickly form the precision blank of the original part. In order to solve the jitter problem of the electron gun in forming a small linear contour, the NURBS basis function is used to perform curve interpolation on the contour data. When the angle between the adjacent lines exceeds 140 degrees, it is considered that the part of the data is composed of straight line and curved line, and the intersection point is the dividing point of the straight line portion and the curved portion. And then the adjacent points, repeat points and internal points in the same line are removed to reduce the amount of command data of the G code, and B-Spline curve processing function of computerized numerical control system is adopted to reduce the starting and stopping times of motor, thus ensuring that the linear speed is constant and the remaining fluctuation is controlled within 1 mm during the curve processing. Aiming at warping deformation caused by too long single scanning line, a zoning scanning strategy is proposed. According to the centroid of each zoning, the forming sequence is planned according to the principle of farthest distance. Randomly select a pattern based on the centroid of the polygon as the first forming area, and then the centroid coordinates of other polygons are read from memory in order to ensure the maximum euclidean distance between the coordinate and the centroid coordinates of all processed polygons. Aiming at the problem of layer thickness dynamic adjustment in the forming process, the GPU(graphics processing unit) slicing technique of 3D model is proposed. The STL file is colored in parallel according to the normal vector and vertex coordinates. The voxel information of the specified layer is dynamically obtained by adjusting the projection matrix to the slice height. The matching square contour extraction algorithm is used to read the pixel information clockwise from the upper left of the picture, and then traverse the entire binary image against the search direction table to find the image boundary, and finally the contour matrix is transformed into an ordered 2D contour coordinates based on the ratio of the model bounding box length to the pixel width. Based on this, closed-loop control of forming process is realized by dynamically calculating slice and partition filling data in two plane printing gaps. The results show that the projection matrix can be adjusted to the height of the slice during the rendering of the 3D model. The cross-sectional binary image can be obtained by using the intersection of the viewpoint and the voxel. The contour data can be dynamically extracted by using the matching square algorithm to search. After segmentation fitting of the slice data using the spline basis function, the fitting curve is closer to the original multi-surface section line. When the triangle tolerance is 1 mm, the conversion error of the STL file can be reduced by 30%. As the number of triangular meshes increases, the efficiency of the algorithm is improved. The STL file containing 1 483 132 triangular meshes can be cut into 4 488 layers in only 90 s, which is 34.6% less than that of Magic Slices. Compared with the multi-segment linear forming, after fitting with the NURBS basis function, the fitting data has a constant linear velocity during the forming process, resulting in the same amount of metal being fed into the molten pool per unit time. In addition, the maximum weld height of the data after fitting is 0.65 mm. Compared with the original slicing data, the weld height fluctuation range is reduced by 67.8%, which is more conducive to subsequent stack forming.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Process control
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Beamforming - Binary images - Computer graphics equipment - Curve fitting - Efficiency - Electron beams - Electron guns - Electrons - Flight control systems  - Functions - Geometry - Graphics processing unit - Heat resistance - Interpolation - Matrix algebra - Numerical control systems - Partitions (building) - Pixels - Program processors  - Scanning - Selective laser melting - Splines - Three dimensional computer graphics - Welds - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:3-D printing - Computerized numerical control system - Constant linear velocities - Curve interpolation - Manufacturing technologies - Numerical control machining - Scan order - Slice
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 538.2  Welding - 601.2  Machine Components - 711.2  Electromagnetic Waves in Relation to Various Structures - 714.1  Electron Tubes - 722.2  Computer Peripheral Equipment - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1  Control Systems - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921  Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.46e+01%, Percentage 6.78e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 6.50e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20193907477202
Title:Effects of particle shape on erosion characteristic and critical particle Stokes number of wind turbine airfoil
Title of translation:&#27801;&#31890;&#24418;&#29366;&#23545;&#39118;&#21147;&#26426;&#32764;&#22411;&#30952;&#25439;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#20020;&#30028;&#39063;&#31890;Stokes&#25968;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Li, Deshun (1, 2, 3); Wang, Ya'e (1); Guo, Xingduo (1); Li, Yinran (1, 2, 3); Li, Rennian (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) Gansu Provincial Technology Centre for Wind Turbines, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluid machinery and Systems, Lanzhou; 730050, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:224-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Wind power generation is one of the most development prospect power generation modes. How to increase power generation has become the focus of attention. As an important device for wind power generation, wind turbine's operating environment will directly affect the amount of power generation. When wind turbine runs in a wind-sand environment, the sand particles collide with the blades, causing erosion on the surface of the blade, affecting the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine and reducing the power generation efficiency of wind turbine. Therefore, it is necessary to study the erosion characteristics of wind turbine airfoil in wind-sand environment. When studying the erosion characteristics of wind turbine airfoil, sand is usually simplified into spherical particles, ignoring the influence of particle shape. Relevant researches show that particle shape has a certain influence on the erosion rate of materials, and the multi-angular particles have stronger erosion damage ability to materials than the spherical smooth particles. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the influence of particle shape on the airfoil erosion characteristic and the range of critical particle Stokes number when the airfoil begain to erosion, and the flow field of NACA 0012 straight blade in wind-sand environment is simulated by SST k-&omega; model and discrete phase model (DPM). Four types of particle with particle shape factors of 0.671, 0.75, 0.846 and 1 are defined by shape factor. The effects of particles with four different shapes on erosion characteristics and aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoil are studied, and the influence of the particle shape on the range of critical Stokes number at the beginning of erosion is also researched. The results show that the maximum erosion rate of airfoil varies with particle volume equivalent diameter in the same way for four particle shapes. The maximum erosion rate of airfoil increases with the increases of particle volume equivalent diameter, but decreases slightly when particle volume equivalent diameter is 80 &mu;m. The erosion degree of airfoil surface for four particle shapes is different, when the volume equivalent diameter of particles is the same, the erosion effect of spherical particles on airfoil is less than that of aspherical particles. The particle shape has little effect on the erosion zone of airfoil surface, the increases of the particle volume equivalent diameter, the erosion zone of airfoil surface gradually expands from the vicinity of airfoil leading edge along airfoil pressure surface toward airfoil trailing edge, and the most severe erosion area on the airfoil surface appears near the leading edge. When the particle diameter is 20 &mu;m, compared with the non-spherical particles whose shape factor is less than 1, the initial erosion zone of the spherical particles on the airfoil surface moves slightly to the suction surface. Particle shape has little effect on lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio of airfoil, which is almost negligible. The particle shape has some influence on the range of critical particle Stokes number that airfoil begain to erosion. The Stokes number of the airfoil when it begins to erosion is different for different particle shapes. The smaller the particle shape factor is, the larger the critical particle Stokes number of airfoil begains to erosion is. Although the particle shape has a certain influence on the critical particle Stokes number of airfoil erosion, there is still a critical particle Stokes number which can be used to determine whether the airfoil surface is eroded. The research results can provide guidance for wind turbine blade anti-sand erosion design.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Turbine components
Controlled terms:Airfoils - Drag - Electric power generation - Erosion - Lift - Lift drag ratio - Sand - Spheres - Turbomachine blades - Wind power  - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Aero-dynamic performance - Development prospects - Erosion characteristics - Particle shape - Particle shape factor - Particle Stokes number - Power generation efficiency - Stokes number
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 615.8  Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 617  Turbines and Steam Turbines - 651.1  Aerodynamics, General - 652.1  Aircraft, General
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.00e-05m, Size 8.00e-05m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20193907477098
Title:Optimization of design parameters of surface flow constructed wetland based on hydraulic performance and pollutant purification effect
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#27700;&#21147;&#24615;&#33021;&#21644;&#20928;&#21270;&#25928;&#26524;&#30340;&#34920;&#38754;&#27969;&#20154;&#24037;&#28287;&#22320;&#35774;&#35745;&#21442;&#25968;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Ma, Zhen (1); Cui, Yuanlai (1); Guo, Changqiang (2); Wan, Di (1); Liu, Fangping (3); Ma, Linhua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (3) Jiangxi Center Station of Irrigation Experiment, Nanchang; 330201, China
Corresponding author:Cui, Yuanlai(YLCui@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:157-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This study explored the influence of design parameters on hydraulic performance and pollutants purification effect of free water surface flow constructed wetlands and selected the optimal design comprehensively considering the hydraulic and pollutants purification effects. An orthogonal test with multi-factor and multi-level of design parameters were performed to access their effects. The test site was located in the experimental base of the Jiangxi Province Center Station of Irrigation Experiment, in the Ganfu Plain of Poyang Lake basin. The geographical coordinates of the basin are 115&deg;49'-116&deg;46'E, 28&deg;24'-29&deg;46'N, characterized by a typical subtropical and humid monsoonal climate with an annual average temperature of 18.1 &deg;C and an annual average rainfall of 1 685 mm. The orthogonal design, L<inf>16</inf> (4⁴&times;2³), consisted of 4 4-level factors, namely aspect ratio, water depth, plant spacing and flow rate, and 3 2-level factors that are in- and outlet layout, plant species and blank. The hydraulic performance was analyzed by analyzing tracing data with rhodamine WT as the tracer. The hydraulic index used here were the short circuit indicator, the mixing indicator, the effective volume ratio, and the moment index. The pollutants purification effect of each test plot was obtained through multiple sampling tests of equal time intervals during the test. The detected pollutants were total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids. This test achieved a good purification effect on pollutants, the average concentration removal rate of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids was 40.0%, 58.3%, and 40.3%, respectively. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between aspect ratio and most hydraulic and treatment performance indicators. Water depth had a significant effect on total nitrogen removal rate, and plant spacing had a significant impact on total suspended solids removal rate (P&lt;0.1). The correlation analysis between evaluation index showed that there was a universally strong significant correlation among the hydraulic performance indicators and also a significant correlation among the pollutants purification effect index. The better the hydraulic performance would have the higher pollutants purification effect. According to range results, aspect ratio, water depth, and plant spacing were the main design parameters that affected the hydraulic and pollutants purification effect of free water surface flow constructed wetlands. The results of variance showed that the design parameters had a significant effect on the pollutants purification effect, but the influence on the hydraulic performance was not as significant. For the evaluation of hydraulic performance, the optimal combination of design parameters consisted of an aspect ratio of 8:1, a water depth of 30 cm, a plant spacing of 30 cm, a flow rate of 0.55 m³/h, a layout of central pass in- and outlet, and Typha latifolia as the plant species. For the evaluation of pollutants purification effect, the optimal combination of design parameters consisted of an aspect ratio of 4:1, a depth of 30 cm, a plant spacing of 20 cm, a flow rate of 0.55 m³/h, a layout of central pass in- and outlet, and Scripus tabernaemontani as the plant species. Combining the results of the hydraulic and pollutants purification effect, the design parameter combination composed of an aspect ratio of 4:1, a depth of 30 cm, a plant spacing of 20 cm, a flow rate of 0.55 m³/h, a layout of central pass in- and outlet, and Scripus tabernaemontani as the plant species, resulted in an optimal overall performance. Since an excellent purification capacity was the ultimate goal for wetland design, the optimal design parameter combination for overall performance was the same as that for pollutants purification effect in this study.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Denitrification
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Aspect ratio - Benchmarking - Design - Flow rate - Mixer circuits - Nitrogen removal - Optimal systems - Optimization - Parameter estimation  - Phosphorus - Purification - Testing - Water pollution - Water treatment - Wetlands
Uncontrolled terms:Free water surface flow constructed wetlands - Geographical coordinates - Hydraulic performance - Optimal design parameters - Orthogonal test - Purification effect - Surface flow constructed wetlands - Total suspended solids
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 453  Water Pollution - 631  Fluid Flow - 713.3  Modulators, Demodulators, Limiters, Discriminators, Mixers - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.03e+01%, Percentage 5.83e+01%, Size 1.69e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Temperature 2.91e+02K
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20193907477163
Title:Evolution characteristics and decomposition of driving factors on rural residential land based on decoupling theory and LMDI model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#33073;&#38057;&#29702;&#35770;&#19982;LMDI&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#20892;&#26449;&#23621;&#27665;&#28857;&#28436;&#21270;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#39537;&#21160;&#22240;&#32032;&#20998;&#35299;
Authors:Liu, Shuchang (1, 2); Ye, Yanmei (1, 2); Lin, Yaoben (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Laboratory of Rural-Urban Construction Land Economical and Intensive Use, Beijing; 100812, China
Corresponding author:Ye, Yanmei(yeyanmei@zju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:12
Issue date:June 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:272-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the coupling relationship between rural population and rural residential land area change and promote the economization and intensification level of rural residential land, in this paper the Tapio decoupling model was introduced to reveal the decoupling degree of rural population-land change. From the perspective of urban and rural demographic shift, the factors decomposition model for rural residential land expansion was established. The logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) was adopted to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors accounting for the changes in rural residential land area. The change of rural residential land area was decomposed into 4 main driving effects including rural residential land intensive use effect, urban-rural population structure effect, urbanization effect and total population effect. The addition decomposition method was used to measure the magnitude of 4 driving effects. The rural residential land area of China (1996-2016) and 31 provinces or municipalities (2000-2016) were taken as example. The results show that China has experienced rapid urban-rural transformation in the past few years. Rural population continues to decrease, presenting a 30.7 percent decline. But in the meantime, the total area of rural residential land increases continuously. The changes in rural residential land area among different provinces (municipalities) varied obviously, and overall the eastern and western regions indicated a greater growth. The relationship between rural population and rural residential land change is uncoordinated, and rural residential land tends to be more extensively utilized. From the decoupling index of China and 31 provinces or municipalities, the decoupling relationship between rural population and residential land area change were mainly characterized by strong negative decoupling. The degree of negative decoupling in the eastern and western regions was more serious than that in the central areas. What's more, the degree of negative decoupling is generally deteriorating. The values of 4 driving effects were measured from 1996-2016. The results indicated that the scale of rural residential land in China increased by 2.020&times;10⁵ hm² from 1996 to 2008 including a decrease of 116.833&times;10⁵ hm² caused by urban-rural population structure effect, and the increase of 33.497&times;10⁵, 71.813&times;10⁵, 13.544&times;10⁵ hm² for rural residential land intensive use effect, urbanization effect and total population effect, respectively. Additionally, during 2009-2016, the scale of rural residential land in China increased by 7.275&times;10⁵ hm². The rural residential land intensive use effect, urbanization effect and total population effect caused the increase of 36.689&times;10⁵, -68.271&times;10⁵, 32.164&times;10⁵, 6.692&times;10⁵ hm², respectively. Among 4 driving effects, the urban-rural population structure effect was stronger than the others. The contribution of 4 driving effects to the change in rural residential land area in different periods performed differently. The value of urbanization effect was greater than that of rural residential land intensive use effect during 1996-2008, but after 2009, the rural residential land intensive use effect gradually exceeded the urbanization effect, and become the dominant factor caused the increase of rural residential land. Therefore, strengthening the planning and management of rural residential land, gradually promoting rural residential land consolidation, and actively exploring the exit mechanism of rural residential land may be effective measures for improving the intensification level of rural land use.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Housing - Land use - Models - Population statistics
Uncontrolled terms:Coupling relationships - Decomposition methods - Decomposition model - Decoupling methods - Evolution characteristics - Land consolidations - LMDI - Rural residential
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 403.1  Urban Planning and Development
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.07e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.12.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.