<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20193907477101
Title:Characteristics of runoff and sediment in karst area of northern Guizhou province based on small watershed scale
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#23567;&#27969;&#22495;&#23610;&#24230;&#30340;&#40660;&#21271;&#21888;&#26031;&#29305;&#22320;&#21306;&#20135;&#27969;&#20135;&#27801;&#29305;&#24449;
Authors:Li, Rui (1, 2); Chen, Kang (3); Liu, Ruilu (3); Gu, Zaike (3); Wen, Yaqin (1, 2); Li, Qinggui (1, 2); Liu, Fengxian (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang; 550001, China; (2) State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang; 550001, China; (3) Guizhou Provincial Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Guiyang; 550002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:139-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:So far there are few reports about sediment and runoff on long-term location observation on watershed scale in karst area of southwestern China, and the related mechanism is not enough. Characteristics of runoff and sediment in the small watershed of karst area were analyzed based on the scale of small watershed, and the main influencing factors of sediment and runoff in karst watershed were discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. Huyangshui, a typical karst small watershed located in Zunyi, northern Guizhou province was selected as the study area, and the control station of small watershed, a field position observation method for small watershed scale was used in this study. At the control station, data of water level was recorded continuously by automatic gauge for converting to runoff yield, and the sediment concentration was measured by using drying method, which mainly includes the steps of sampling, filtering, drying and so on. The characteristics of runoff and sediment in this small watershed of different months and different years, especially the influences of rainfall on the characteristics of runoff and sediment were analyzed based on the continuous observation from 2010 to 2013. The results showed that from January to December, the monthly mean runoff and sediment yield increased first and then decreased gradually. However, the maximum of runoff and sediment yield in the small watershed of Huyangshui appeared in different months, this could be because of special erosion environmental factors in karst area such as the subterranean soil and water leakage and others. The peak of runoff occurred in October, the value of which was 639 000 m³, and the maximum of sediment yield appeared in June, the value of which was 116.21 t. Significance tests showed that runoff yield was no significant difference among months (P&gt;0.05). However, the sediment yield in June was significantly higher than that in January, February, March and December (P&lt;0.05), and among other months, sediment yield was no significant difference (P&gt;0.05). Affected by the severe drought in Southwest China in 2010-2011, both of the runoff and sediment yield of Huyangshui small watershed in 2013 were significantly higher than that in other years from 2010 to 2012 (P&lt;0.05). During the period of this study, the average sediment delivery modulus of Huyangshui small watershed was 215.32 t/(km²&bull;a), that was close to the value of the soil erosion modulus in Guizhou karst area, 279.47 t/(km²&bull;a), which was published by Guizhou government. The precipitation of the small watershed had an obvious effects on the characteristics of runoff and sediment. There was a significant correlation between rainfall and sediment and runoff (P&lt;0.01), and a significant correlation between I<inf>60</inf> and sediment and runoff(P&lt;0.05). In addition to the content of above, the differences of soil loss between scales of slope and small watershed were discussed, generally speaking, the results which were observed at the scale of slope were smaller than that obtained from the scale of small watershed in karst area. The results of the study can provide modified reference for the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE), and so on in karst area. This study are useful for basic data accumulation for the establishment of soil loss equation which is suitable for karst area in the future.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Watersheds
Controlled terms:Erosion - Landforms - Leakage (fluid) - Rain - Runoff - Sediment transport - Sediments - Soils - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Guizhou Province - Huyangshui - Karst - Sediment delivery - Slope scale
Classification code:443.3  Precipitation - 444.1  Surface Water - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Volume 6.39e+05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20193907477096
Title:Characteristics and influencing factors of N<inf>2</inf>O emission from greenhouse tomato field soil under water-fertilizer-air coupling drip irrigation
Title of translation:&#27700;&#32933;&#27668;&#32806;&#21512;&#28404;&#28748;&#30058;&#33540;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756;N<inf>2</inf>O&#25490;&#25918;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Lei, Hongjun (1); Yang, Honguang (1); Liu, Huan (1); Pan, Hongwei (1); Liu, Xin (1); Zang, Ming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou; Henan; 450046, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:95-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water-fertilizer-air coupling drip irrigation is a new type of drip irrigation technology, which covers both the advantages of drip fertilization and aerated irrigation. Water-fertilizer-air coupling drip irrigation can effectively improve the root zone hypoxia stress caused by irrigation, harmonize the water and fertilizer conditions needed for crop production, and unlock the gate of high yield potential of crops. We focus on the effects of different combinations of water, fertilizer and air application on soil nitrous oxide (N<inf>2</inf>O) emission, and thus to provide scientific supports for N<inf>2</inf>O emission reduction from greenhouse vegetable filed soil and the increase of crop yield as well as nitrogen use efficiency. A total of 3 factors, 2 levels of completely randomized experiment were set up with the three factors and two levels as nitrogen application rate (low and normal nitrogen), aeration rate (non-aeration and continuous aeration) and irrigation amount (low and high soil moisture, 82.37 and 123.71mm), respectively. Through the coupled use of static box gas chromatography, qPCR technology and structural equation model, the relationship between N<inf>2</inf>O emission from tomato filed soil and its related physical and chemical factors were studied systematically. Results show that water-fertilizer-air coupling irrigation changes soil moisture and soil aeration, and also influences soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions. Under low soil moisture treatments, the average ODR (oxygen diffusion rate) of continuously aerated irrigation increases by 7.70% compared with the non-aerated irrigation. While in the high moisture treatments, the average ODR of continuously aerated irrigation increases by 29.23% compared with the non-aerated irrigation treatments. Compared to the low level of irrigation treatment without aeration, the average WFPS (water filled pore space) of the high level of irrigation treatment increases by 12.63%; While under the aeration condition, the average WFPS value of the high level of irrigation treatments increases by 6.12% compared with the low irrigation treatment. The peak N<inf>2</inf>O emission under water-fertilizer-air coupling irrigation occurs within 2 days after nitrogen application, and the N<inf>2</inf>O emission flux becomes low and the amplitude is small during the rest of the period. The increases of nitrogen application rate, aeration amount and irrigation amount increase the N<inf>2</inf>O emission flux and total N<inf>2</inf>O emission amount from soil. The average N<inf>2</inf>O emission in the high soil moisture treatment increases by 30.14% compared to the low soil moisture condition. The total N<inf>2</inf>O emission under aeration treatment increases by 35.16% compared to non-aeration treatment. While the total amount of N<inf>2</inf>O emissions under normal nitrogen applications increases by 33.83% comparison to the low nitrogen applications. The increase of nitrogen application rate, aeration amount and irrigation amount can increase the yield of greenhouse tomato and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. The total effects of NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N and NO<inf>3</inf>^--N content on N<inf>2</inf>O emissions were 0.60 and 0.79, suggesting as the dominant factors affecting soil N<inf>2</inf>O emissions under water-fertilizer-air coupling irrigation. The yield under the combination of normal nitrogen application level, aeration and high level of irrigation amount is the largest (39.47 t/hm²). The yield-scaled N<inf>2</inf>O emission under the combination of normal nitrogen application and low irrigation is the lowest (20.06 mg/kg). Considering crop yield, total N<inf>2</inf>O emission and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity, the combination of normal nitrogen application, continuous aeration and low soil moisture treatment is an optimal scheme for water-fertilizer-air coupling irrigation.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Emission control - Fertilizers - Fruits - Gas chromatography - Greenhouses - Nitrogen fertilizers - Nitrogen oxides - Polymerase chain reaction  - Productivity - Soil moisture - Water aeration
Uncontrolled terms:Greenhouse vegetables - Influencing factors - Irrigation treatments - Nitrogen application rates - Nitrogen-use efficiency - Randomized experiments - Structural equation modeling - Water-filled pore space
Classification code:445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.2  Biochemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr, Percentage 2.92e+01%, Percentage 3.01e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Percentage 3.52e+01%, Percentage 6.12e+00%, Percentage 7.70e+00%, Size 1.24e-01m, Size 8.24e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20193907477087
Title:Design and seed suction performance of pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device
Title of translation:&#38024;&#23380;&#31649;&#24335;&#23567;&#40614;&#31934;&#20934;&#28857;&#25773;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#21560;&#31181;&#24615;&#33021;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Liu, Junxiao (1, 2); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Farmland Conservation Science Observation and Experiment Station in North Hebei Province of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Qingjie(wangqingjie@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:10-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precise seeding on point is a wheat seeding method which can control the spatial distribution of seeds in the soil effectively and strive to achieve equal seeding amount, grain spacing and seeding depth, so as to further improve the seeding quality of wheat. In order to achieve this goal, the organic combination of precision seeding and accurate seed casting was put forward. The functions of quantitative seed separation and stable seed transportation of seeder were integrated into the seed casting device to change the form of seed transportation, so as to realize the precision fixed seeding of single grain of wheat. This paper put forward a method based on seed adsorption, point perforation and precision seeding. According to this method, the pinhole-tube wheat precision seeding device was designed. The main working principle is as follows: The outer wall of the seeding wheel is pressed on the soil, and the pinhole seed suction tube is inserted into the soil. When the seeding wheel rolls, the pinhole seed suction tube is driven to rotate. The pneumatic distribution mechanism is connected with the fan that is divided into negative pressure area and positive pressure area to provide pressure for the pinhole seed suction tube in the position of seeding and throwing. The pinhole seed suction tube with negative pressure picks up the seeds in the seed box, and transports the seeds to the soil with the rotation of the seeding wheel. When the pinhole seed suction tube reaches the designated seed drop point, it is in the positive pressure area of the pneumatic distribution mechanism. The seed suction hole changes from negative pressure to positive pressure, and seeds are blown into the soil to complete the sowing. According to the number of basic seedlings required by precision seeding method, the planting frequency was calculated to determine the plant spacing. The appropriate directional planting distance was 2.73 cm and the spacing angle in seeding wheel of pinhole seed suction tube was 15.65&deg;. When the pinhole seed suction tube was inserted into the soil, the rotation of seeding wheel and other factors would produce displacement in the soil. The stirring distance in the soil was 7.86 cm by calculating, which was greater than the plant spacing. 3 rows should be arranged because of the less the row number of pinhole seed suction tube, the greater the absolute distance between 2 plants. The seed suction hole diameter had a great influence on seed suction effect by studying the principle of pinhole seed suction tube to absorb seed. The mechanical model of seed suction was established when seed suction holes were arranged in different positions of pinhole seed suction tube. The factors arranged from largest to smallest by the seed suction force requirement was reverse side of contact soil surface, top surface and contact soil surface. It was concluded that it would have a great influence on seed suction by analyzing the seed suction surface shape of pinhole seed suction tube. Therefore, the above 3 factors were taken as influencing factors, and the orthogonal test was conducted with the parameters of leakage seed index, multiple seed index and single seed index. The optimum combination was obtained as follows: the seed suction hole position was in the top surface, the seed suction hole diameter was 2 mm, and the seed suction surface shape was convex. Under the condition of optimal parameter combination, the experimental results showed that the leakage seed index was 4.1%, the multiple seed index was 7.3%, and the single seed index was 88.6%, which met the design requirements. By analyzing the experimental data, it was concluded that the 3 factors had significant influence on the experimental results. The reliability of the theoretical analysis results was verified by comparing with the experimental results. The rationality analysis of the differences between the results and analysis is carried out to lay a foundation for further research. It provides a reference for the design and performance improvement of precision seeding machinery and promotes the development of precise seeding on point of wheat.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Crops - Design - Grain (agricultural product) - Machine design - Machinery - Mechanization - Pneumatics - Quality control - Reliability analysis - Soils  - Tubes (components) - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Absolute distance - Distribution mechanism - Negative pressures - Optimal parameter combinations - Optimum combination - Suction performance - Tube-type - Wheat
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 601.2  Machine Components - 619.1  Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 632.3  Pneumatics - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.10e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.73e-02m, Size 7.86e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20193907477255
Title:Equipment and technology of field preparation of biochars from agricultural and forest residues under aerobic conditions with water-fire coupled method
Title of translation:&#20892;&#26519;&#24223;&#24323;&#29289;&#30000;&#38388;&#26333;&#27687;&#27700;-&#28779;&#32852;&#21160;&#21046;&#28845;&#35774;&#22791;&#21450;&#25216;&#26415;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Xiao, Liang (1, 2); Yuan, Guodong (3, 4); Bi, Dongxue (1, 2); Wei, Jing (1); Shen, Guanhua (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation/Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai; 264003, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing; 526061, China; (4) Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Dongguan; 523169, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Guodong(yuanguodong@zqu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:239-244
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar has been reported for its beneficial effects on soil carbon sequestration, soil fertility improvement, and the immobilization of metal and organic contaminants in soils. Its large-scale agricultural and environmental application, however, is constrained by its high production cost in association with expensive equipment and operations and its high transportation cost of moving agricultural and forest residues to biochar production plant and delivering biochar to the end users. Exploring a technology for directed conversion from agricultural and forest residues to biochar in the field for local applications can significantly reduce the production and transportation costs of biochar, thus helping its applications. By mimicking the nature, where only agricultural and forest residues, water and fire were required for biomass carbonization and charcoal formation, a method for biochar production in the field was proposed and described in details. Briefly, this involved an aerobic process of biomass carbonization in a brick-constructed trough, and the formation of biochar by a fire-water coupled method. The carbonization process had the dual features: combustion on the surface of biomass and oxygen-limiting pyrolysis inside of the biomass. Three operational processes of aerobic carbonization and its termination were used to suit the production of biochars from different types of residues: 1) Large Salicaceae branches were ignited at one direction of the trough for aerobic carbonization, followed by a water-mist spray for immediate termination of the carbonization; 2) Medium-size cotton stalk was ignited at one direction for carbonization and then sprayed by a water column to crosscut formed biochar; 3) Small hollow reed straw was ignited at multiple directions, then water mist was sprayed layer by layer on biomass. The dislocated holes on side walls of brick trough performed as ignition points, channels for water mist and air ventilation channels. The biochars produced in the field by the proposed technology were characterized in this study. The biochars were relatively homogeneous, and the conversion rates from biomass to biochar were about 30%. Carbon content of biochar was 43.49%-60.30%, and nitrogen content was 0.52%-0.86%. The biochar also contained the abundant surface functional groups, with a carboxyl group content of 0.98-1.09 mol/kg and a phenolic hydroxyl group content of 0.53-0.59 mol/kg, and the specific surface area of the biochars varied between 16.0 and 262.2 m²/g, which underpins their use as adsorbents for cations, such as ammonium ions and some heavy metals and other extraneous ions and molecules. The flue gas generated from the burning of the Salicaceae, cotton stalk, and reed straw in the carbonization process was treated by a multiple-step process to reduce particulate matter concentrations. PM 2.5 in the treated flue gas was reduced to 56, 66 and 68 &mu;g/m³ for Salicaceae, cotton stalk, and reed straw, respectively, and the corresponding PM 10 was reduced to 100, 114 and 128 &mu;g/m³, which meet the national emission standard. The biochar preparation technology provided herein is simple to operate, low in cost, and highly efficient. Based on labor, fuel, and water inputs, the productivity was 1 t/d per person, and the cost was 162.5 yuan/t by farmers. This technology for producing low-cost biochar would make its agricultural and environmental applications feasible.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Costs
Controlled terms:Biomass - Brick - Carbon - Carbonization - Charcoal - Cotton - Environmental technology - Fires - Flue gases - Forestry  - Heavy metals - Ions - Soils - Waste incineration - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Carboxyl group contents - Co-ordinated control - Environmental applications - Phenolic hydroxyl group - Production and transportations - Soil carbon sequestration - Surface functional groups
Classification code:414.2  Brick Materials - 451.1  Air Pollution Sources - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454  Environmental Engineering - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524  Solid Fuels - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 914.2  Fires and Fire Protection
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.14e-07kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.28e-07kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.60e-08kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.80e-08kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.05e-02kg/s, Molality 5.30e-01mol/kg to 5.90e-01mol/kg, Molality 9.80e-01mol/kg to 1.09e+00mol/kg, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.35e+01% to 6.03e+01%, Percentage 5.20e-01% to 8.60e-01%, Specific_Surface_Area 1.60e+04m2/kg to 2.62e+05m2/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20193907477100
Title:Numerical simulation and validation of solid-liquid cyclone separation device for aquaculture water based on CFD
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;CFD&#30340;&#20859;&#27542;&#27700;&#20307;&#22266;&#28082;&#26059;&#27969;&#20998;&#31163;&#35013;&#32622;&#25968;&#20540;&#27169;&#25311;&#19982;&#39564;&#35777;
Authors:Li, Jianping (1, 2); Wu, Kang (1); He, Xiangyi (1); Chen, Junyang (1); Ji, Mingdong (1); Ye, Zhangying (1, 2); Zhu, Songming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou; 310058, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:182-187
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the continuous improvement of the scale of breeding, the deterioration of water resources and environmental pollution, the breeding model needs to be transformed into an efficient and sustainable direction. The industrial farming system has the advantages of short culturing period and high yield per unit area. However, due to the large amount of solid wastes generated with high density of industrial farming, the removal of large particles of suspended solids in water is the primary task of waste treatment. As a centrifugal separation device, the cyclone separator has been widely used in petrochemical, sewage treatment and other industries. In order to explore the separation effect of solid-liquid cyclone separation device on aquaculture water, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to simulate the flow characteristics of the cyclone separation device. At first, hybrid meshing of the cyclone separation device model was finished using the pre-processing software Gambit 2.4.6. In order to improve the accuracy of simulation, the mesh of inlet, overflow port and bottom flow port were all encrypted. The grid independent validation was done to choose the acceptable mesh. The inlet of the cyclone device was set as the velocity inlet, and the bottom flow port and the overflow port were set as pressure outlets. At last, the mesh was imported in Fluent software to analyze the effects of different inlet flow rates and different inlet concentrations on solid-liquid separation performance. In this simulation, the coupling of velocity field and pressure field was achieved by a semi-implicit method in the pressure correction method. First-order upwind difference scheme of convection motion was selected for the interpolation method of the diffusion term, the source term and the convection term. And the wall surface region was treated by the standard wall function. In order to compare the flow field distribution characteristics under different parameters, X=0 of the longitudinal section at 1/2 of the overflow pipe was set as the flow field monitoring surface, furthermore, 1/4 of the cone section and 2/3 of the column section on the monitoring surface were taken as the flow field monitoring lines. The simulation results show that as the inlet flow rate increases, the low-speed area in the middle of the cylinder reduces, and the area of the outer swirling area increases. Moreover, fluid velocity inside the separation device increases, and the turbulent flow increases, which is detrimental to the sedimentation of solid particles. Increasing the inlet concentration will increase the amount of particles in the cylinder and the interaction between particles is enhanced. In addition, the fluid velocity in the cylinder decreases, and the concentration of particles retained in the cylinder increases, which reduce the solid-liquid separation efficiency. The increase of the inlet flow and the inlet concentration leads to a decrease in separation efficiency of particles with different particle sizes. And the larger the particle size, the more significant the separation efficiency decreases. According to the comparison between simulation results and experimental data, the simulation error is less than 10%, and the simulation results are trustworthy. This study can provide a reference for the application of cyclone separation devices in aquaculture.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Computational fluid dynamics
Controlled terms:Aquaculture - Cyclone separators - Cylinders (shapes) - Deterioration - Diffusion in liquids - Efficiency - Flow fields - Fluid mechanics - Industrial waste treatment - Industrial water treatment  - Inlet flow - Liquids - Mesh generation - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Sewage treatment - Velocity - Wall function - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Computational fluid dynamics methods - Different particle sizes - Environmental pollutions - Pre-processing software - Pressure-correction methods - Separation efficiency - Simulation and validation - Upwind difference scheme
Classification code:445.1.2  Water Treatment Techniques for Industrial Use - 452.2  Sewage Treatment - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453  Water Pollution - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 723.5  Computer Applications - 802.1  Chemical Plants and Equipment - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 913.1  Production Engineering - 931.1  Mechanics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20193907477228
Title:Applicability of fitting and reconstruction method of MODIS long-time enhanced vegetation index in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei
Title of translation:&#20140;&#27941;&#20864;MODIS&#38271;&#26102;&#24207;&#22686;&#24378;&#22411;&#26893;&#34987;&#25351;&#25968;&#25311;&#21512;&#37325;&#24314;&#26041;&#27861;&#36866;&#29992;&#24615;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Cheng, Linlin (1); Li, Yuhu (1); Sun, Haiyuan (1); Zhang, Ye (1); Zhan, Jiaqi (1); Liu, Mei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:148-158
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The results of fitting and reconstruction of long-term series vegetation index data can provide more accurate information and more reliable data source for vegetation dynamic monitoring, biomass information extraction, crop yield prediction and area estimation, vegetation phenological information extraction, ecological quality assessment and ecosystem carbon cycle research, which can effectively reflect the quality of ecological environment. After extensive research and verification, it is found that different fitting reconstruction methods have different suitability for different geographical environments. A large number of studies on comparative analysis methods mainly focus on qualitative analysis based on sample curve analysis and visual comparison, and quantitative analysis based on root mean square error, correlation coefficient, Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information standard. However, the evaluation indexes that quantitative analyses adopt are mostly the mean value, the maximum value, and the minimum value, which ignore the influence of abnormal values and spatial pattern differences on reconstruction result. In this study, the unchanging areas of cultivated land, forests, grasslands and shrubs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were extracted through the spatial analysis tool in ArcGIS. Then, weights to all pixels were assigned in combination with the quality reliability of VI pixel. Next, the fitting reconstruction of the time series data of MDOSI EVI 16 d in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2001 to 2015 were finished by asymmetric Gaussian function fitting method (AG), double logistic function fitting method (DL), and SG filtering method (SG). Before analyzing the fitting results, the fitted and original vegetation growth curves of Beijing station in 2006 were firstly extracted, then the start and end time of growing season were extracted by the dynamic threshold method. Verification was made combined with China National Specimen Information Infrastructure data and typical plant phenological observation dataset of Chinese phenological observation network. The results illustrated that the fitted vegetation growth curve by the three methods was consistent with the field observation data. The fitting result of the sampling point curve in the past 15 years was analyzed based on the analysis result of the relationship between noise ratio and fitting method. Combined with correlation coefficient, root mean square error, Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information standard, the spatial pattern of fitting result was analyzed. Finally, the method of mathematical statistics was used to quantitatively analyze the fitting result. The results showed that there was no significant difference between AG fitting and DL fitting in the denoising result. AG fitting showed better fitting reconstruction result at some pixel points, while SG filtering can preserve the original vegetation features more effectively. The reconstruction results of the three methods showed the difference related to the spatial distribution of land types. For the long-term time series data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, AG fitting showed better reconstruction result in grassland, forest and shrub areas with less human disturbance, and the result of SG filtering was better in the reconstruction of cultivated areas with stronger human activities. This study can provide reference for the fitting of time series data of vegetation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and provide more objective and clear method support for the evaluation of the result of fitting reconstruction of time series data.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Curve fitting
Controlled terms:Artificial intelligence - Chemical analysis - Cultivation - Ecology - Forestry - Function evaluation - Information retrieval - Land use - Mean square error - Pixels  - Radiometers - Remote sensing - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Akaike information criterion - Beijing-tianjin-hebei regions - Enhanced vegetation index - Information infrastructures - MODIS EVI - Tianjing - Time-series data - TIMESAT
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 723.4  Artificial Intelligence - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.7  Radiation Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.50e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20193907477183
Title:Forage-livestock dynamic balance of pasturing area based on rotational grazing theory in northern slope of Qilian Mountains
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21010;&#21306;&#36718;&#29287;&#29702;&#35770;&#30340;&#31041;&#36830;&#23665;&#21271;&#40595;&#29287;&#21306;&#21160;&#24577;&#33609;&#30044;&#24179;&#34913;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Qin, Lin (1); Song, Xiaoyu (1); Feng, Xianghua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China (Xi'an University of Technology), Xi'an; 710048, China
Corresponding author:Song, Xiaoyu(songxy@xaut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:256-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Overgrazing is an important reason for grassland ecological destruction in Qilian Mountains. In order to resumes and protects grassland ecosystem and constructs ecological animal husbandry in the northern slope of Qilian Mountains. In this paper, we selected the northern slope of Qilian Mountains in Sunan County as the study area, simulated the proper stocking capacity for livestock from different precipitation scenarios in grassland and analyzed the present forage-livestock balance status based on rotational grazing theory, researched the process of pasture production and demand with the proper stocking capacity in rotational pasturing area, carried out the dynamic forage-livestock balance analysis, and compared the result with the key pasture theory method and traditional method. The result showed that the change of precipitation greatly influences the proper stocking capacity for livestock of pasturing area in the northern slope of Qilian Mountains in Sunan County, the proper stocking capacity for livestock was 1.303 million sheep unit, 1.009 million sheep unit, and 65.1 million sheep unit in high, normal, and low flow years, respectively. In analysis of the proper stocking capacity for livestock calculated by three methods in different precipitation, we found that the result calculated by the traditional grassland-livestock balance method was the largest, and the result calculated by the grassland and livestock balance method based on key pasture theory was the lowest. This is because the traditional grassland-livestock balance method does not consider the relationship between the process of grassland production and demand of livestock in pastoral areas, the traditional grassland-livestock balance method does not consider the dynamic change of livestock number in the process of grassland demand of livestock. Therefore, we proposed that the proper stocking capacity for livestock in the normal flow year was 1.009 million sheep unit as the main reference indexes of animal husbandry management in the future. There were both existence overgrazing and under load problem in pasturing area in 2015, and the proper stocking capacity for livestock in cold season meadow was obviously different in warm, it should be adjusted to the current development of animal husbandry structure and rational allocation of cold and warm season meadow in the future. The proper stocking capacity for livestock calculated by the traditional grassland-livestock balance method would deplete the available forage in cold season meadow in March, which would lead to overgrazing. The proper stocking capacity for livestock calculated by the grassland and livestock balance method based on key pasture theory can ensure the dynamic balance of the grassland resources and livestock in the whole pasture area, but it produced a lot of waste of forage in the whole pasture. By contrast the results with the other two methods, the rotational grazing theory method not only can ensure the dynamic forage-livestock balance in different rotational pastoral areas, but also can maintain the efficient utilization of forage, and it showed that the rotational grazing theory method had certain superiority in analysis of forage-livestock balance in the rotational pastoral area. The results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration and protection of grassland ecology in Qilian Mountains and the development of ecological animal husbandry in Sunan County.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Agriculture
Controlled terms:Animals - Ecology - Ecosystems - Landforms
Uncontrolled terms:Dynamic balance - Grassland ecosystems - Grassland resource - Pasture production - Qilian mountains - Restoration and protection - Rotational grazing theory - Sunan County
Classification code:454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20193907477217
Title:Technology and characteristics of peanut shelling of United States and enlightenment
Title of translation:&#32654;&#22269;&#33457;&#29983;&#33073;&#22771;&#21152;&#24037;&#25216;&#26415;&#29305;&#28857;&#21450;&#21551;&#31034;
Authors:Lu, Rong (1, 2); Gao, Lianxing (1); Chen, Charles (3); Butts, C.L. (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Liaoning Ecological Engineering Vocational College, Shenyang; 110122, China; (3) College of Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn; AL; 36849, United States; (4) USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory, Dawson; GA; 31742, United States
Corresponding author:Gao, Lianxing(lianxing_gao@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:287-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Peanut is a very important crop for production and trade of the edible oil not only in China and also in the world. Both China and the United States of America (USA) are important peanut producers and exporters in the world. In 2018, the total groundnut production of China and the USA were about 17 000 kt and 2 477 kt, accounting for 40.52% and 5.93% of the total production in the world respectively. The peanut exportation as well as peanut product exportation from the two countries were 685 kt and 567 kt, accounting for 20.22% and 16.74% of world total respectively. In China, the peanut production is about 7 times of the United States, but the peanut exportation only is 1.2 times of the United States in 2018, which indicates that the United States has become the most efficient and most advanced in peanut processing in the world. Based on comprehensively analysis, the main reasons for the United States to be the leading nation in peanut industry are not only the high mechanization level in peanut harvest but also the most advanced technology in peanut shelling processing. Peanut processing includes the procurement, storage, shelling, grading, and transportation of raw peanuts. The peanut shelling industry is responsible for the food safety and the quality throughout the supply chain. Shelling is a very important part of the post-harvest processing of peanut, which is not only a necessary step in peanut production and processing, but also the key source of peanut kernel damage. The technology status of peanut shelling mechanization determines the peanut kernel quality level, which includes peanut hulling loss, damage, health and safety. The United States is not only the earliest and most technologically advanced country in realizing peanut harvest mechanization, but also the earliest in realizing the mechanization of peanut shelling, with leading technology in the world. The advanced technology and equipment in peanut shelling processing have played an important role in the change of peanut consumption structure and the promotion of demand, the development of food processing industry and the enhancement of the international competitiveness of peanut and its products of the United States. In order to explore the technology and learn from the experience of the USA on peanut shelling which can be referred by Chinese peanut enterprises and engineers, classify, and review the peanut shelling technology of the USA were conducted based on onsite observation and public survey of documents. By means of the systematical analysis of the process of American peanut shelling, the layout of shelling plant and related shelling equipment, and the typical peanut shelling process and equipment configuration, the technical characteristics of American peanut shelling, which is significant different from China in aspects such as the industrialization and the large scale, the advanced equipment and well-equipped assembling, localization and ordering were summarized. The problems that the United States will focus on in the future, including but not limited to the selection, the storage safety, the transportation of peanut nuts, the detection and elimination of aflatoxin, the further improvement of processing efficiency and the optimizing of technology and equipment, etc were also predicted. At last, the suggestions on the development of peanut shelling technology according to the geographical location and gradually innovating from one-stage shelling to cyclic shelling were provided, according to the actual condition of Chinese peanut shelling. Also, suggests were provide developing shelling process from a narrow scope to a broader scope and setting up a standardized process for peanut shelling. The above findings and suggestions should be useful to the improvement of peanut shelling technology not only in China but also in other countries.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:82
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Agricultural machinery - Competition - Engineering education - Food processing - Grading - Harvesting - Mechanization - Oils and fats - Processing  - Supply chains
Uncontrolled terms:Peanut - Post harvest - Sheller - Shelling - The United States
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 901.2  Education - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 912  Industrial Engineering and Management - 913  Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 913.4  Manufacturing - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 4.05e+01%, Percentage 5.93e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20193907477106
Title:Factors affecting farmers' willingness and mode of farmland usufruct abandonment for rural households land contractual operation right
Title of translation:&#20892;&#25143;&#22303;&#22320;&#25215;&#21253;&#32463;&#33829;&#26435;&#36864;&#20986;&#24847;&#24895;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#21450;&#36864;&#20986;&#27169;&#24335;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Niu, Haipeng (1); Sun, Yiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:265-275
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The strategic value of farmland usufruct abandonment is becoming more and more prominent, which makes the practice of exploring farmland usufruct abandonment come into being. It is not only the government's guidance but also the farmers participation and decision-making that are needed to invigorate the farmland usufruct. In order to investigate the factors that affect the decision of the farmer's farmland usufruct abandonment, we obtain 607 questionnaire survey and interview data of rural households in 33 villages in Zhengzhou and Zhoukou of Henan Province in April,2018.This paper uses Logistic regression model to explore influence mechanisms of influencing factors on the individual and family characteristics of farmers, resource endowment, ability of abandoning the farmland usufruct, risk estimation of abandoning the farmland usufruct, and cognitive level, which influence the willingness of farmers to abandon the farmland usufruct from different sample areas (taking total sample as a whole, typical rural and urban-rural interface). The possible endogenous problems are also discussed. At the same time, in order to examine the applicability of the farmland usufruct abandonment in various places, This paper systematically analyzes the intention and mode selection orientation of farmers in the study area under the four simulated scenarios of "Pingluo mode", "Liangping mode", "Neijiang mode" and "Chengdu mode". The results show that: 1) The intention of the farmer's farmland usufruct abandonment is markedly influenced by the farmer's own situation, resource endowment, ability to abandon the farmland usufruct, risk expectation, and cognitive level. Variables like respondents' gender, skill status, village cadre experience, land transfer status, distance between the nearest county, perennial place of residence, urban settlement plan, income source differentiation, whether has pension insurance or not,land importance perception and legal cognition are significantly affecting the willingness of rural households to abandon farmland usufruct. Variables such as the level of education, the total number of families, the degree of expected risk, and the willingness to plant land have a significant negative impact on the willingness of farmers to abandon farmland usufruct. Farmers with better family conditions, poor resource endowment, high ability to abandon farmland usufruct, low expected risk, high level of cognition have a strong willingness to abandon farmland usufruct which may be the main groups of farmland usufruct abandonment. 2) Under the unbalanced development of the region, the factors affecting the withdrawal of the farmland usufruct of rural households in typical rural and urban-rural areas are not the same. 3) After using the CMP method to control possible endogenous problems, the influence of variable risk level estimation on the willingness of farmers to abandon farmland usufruct is still significant. However, the absolute value of the coefficient has decreased. This shows that if the endogenous problems are not considered, the impact of risk level estimation on the willingness of farmers to abandon farmland usufruct may be overestimated. 4) Farmers in the research area have higher acceptance of farmland usufruct abandonment mode of Neijiang and Liangping, and lower acceptance of the mode in Pingluo and Chengdu. Farmers are most concerned about compensation, matching social security and forms of abandonment. Based on the research conclusions, the paper proposes policy recommendations for optimizing the system of farmland usufruct abandonment from multiple angles.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Regression analysis - Risk perception - Rural areas - Surveys
Uncontrolled terms:Endogenous - Farmland usufruct abandonment - Influencing factors - Peasant households - Scenario simulations
Classification code:821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20193907477188
Title:Tea selection method based on morphology feature parameters
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#24418;&#24577;&#29305;&#24449;&#21442;&#25968;&#30340;&#33590;&#21494;&#31934;&#36873;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Wu, Zhengmin (1); Cao, Chengmao (1); Wang, Errui (1); Luo, Kun (1); Zhang, Jinyan (1); Sun, Yan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China
Corresponding author:Cao, Chengmao(caochengmao@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:315-321
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The color between stalks and leaves of tea in summer and autumn is similar, which means the traditional color sorter is difficult to sort based on optical characteristics. To realize the rapid modeling of tea selection algorithm and improve the sorting accuracy, a method for sorting the fine and bad products of tea by multi-feature vectors based on the morphological characteristics was introduced in this paper. First, Wuyishan Dahongpao tea was selected as a test sample to collect images during the dynamic drop process. The blue element image was extracted, and single sample&rsquo;s binary image and edge were obtained by analysis of whole image connection area. Then, feature extraction program was developed based on image processing algorithm to extract morphological feature parameters of the tea samples automatically. Four simple shape descriptors-the sample perimeter, area, the length and width of minimum bounding rectangle were extracted. On this basis, eight complex shape descriptors-circularity, rectangularity, linearity, slightness, diameter, diagonal of minimum bounding rectangle, compactness and centroid were calculated. In addition, the random forest algorithm was used to determine the above features weight, the feature was selected according to weight threshold. Finally, logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT) and support vector machine (SVM) that three different classification algorithms were established to classify the samples, verify the validity of the features and analyze the effects of different classification algorithms on the classification of tea. The original data were normalized and randomly segmented 80% used for training, 20% for testing. 10-fold cross-validation was used to select the optimal parameters of the classification model, and the training dataset was randomly divided into 10 parts, of which 9 parts were used for training, and the remaining 1 part was used for verification. According to the above machine learning system parameter optimization process to obtain the logical regression, decision tree and support vector machine optimal model, and statistical the final evaluation results on test dataset. The test results showed that: 1) The circularity weight was the highest, at 0.467, and five eigenvectors of circularity, rectangularity, linearity, perimeter and compactness were finally selected with the weight threshold value which was 0.05; 2) In the test dataset, the average accuracy F1 of the three classification algorithms was 0.924, suggesting that the established tea morphological feature descriptors has certain separability and better effect; 3)When testing test-dataset, the accuracy score was 91.7% and F1 score of logistic regression (LR) was 92.9%, the accuracy score was 91.7% and F1 score of support vector machine (SVM) was 94.7%.Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was the best recognition effect in three classification algorithms; 4) From three different classification algorithms assessment score deviation, we can see that the generalization ability of the logic regression algorithm was stronger, the decision tree algorithm has a greater risk of over fitting. We get the lowest accuracy and F1 score of the logistic regression algorithm, while the support vector machine accuracy and F1 score were the highest, so in the evaluation of eigenvector comparability, multiple algorithms can be selected to evaluate the results of the average as the final basis for evaluation. In the experiment, we acquired dynamic image, which stay in line with the actual working conditions of the tea selection process, and can be extended to the actual processing of tea production.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Support vector machines
Controlled terms:Ability testing - Binary images - Classification (of information) - Decision trees - Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions - Extraction - Feature extraction - Morphology - Optical data processing - Parameter estimation  - Regression analysis - Risk assessment - Sorting - Statistical tests - Vectors
Uncontrolled terms:10-fold cross-validation - Image processing algorithm - Logistic regression algorithms - Logistic regressions - Minimum bounding rectangle - Morphological characteristic - Random forests - Support vector machine algorithm
Classification code:716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 912.4  Personnel - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921.1  Algebra - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Percentage 9.29e+01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20193907477116
Title:Preparation and technology optimization of high activity Jiaosu powder with probiotics
Title of translation:&#39640;&#27963;&#24615;&#30410;&#29983;&#33740;&#37237;&#32032;&#31881;&#30340;&#21046;&#22791;&#21450;&#24037;&#33402;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Tian, Huaixiang (1); Xu, Xiaolin (1); Yu, Haiyan (1); Chen, Chen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai; 201418, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Chen(chenchen@sit.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:330-336
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, Jiaosu products on the market mainly include liquid, paste, powder, tablet and other product forms. Among them, Jiaosu powder with probiotics has become the promising variety of Jiaosu serial products due to its feature of easy preservation and friendly transportation. However, there are some issues with the existing product such as low density and activity, these issues restrict its development. Thus, Jiaosu powder containing probiotics with high density and activity has become one of the notable trends. In order to improve the viability of probiotics in Jiaosu powder and the activity of the product, preparation and optimization of high activity Jiaosu powder with probiotics and the bio-activity of the products was investigated in this study. Lactobacillus plantarum 1-33 (Lp 1-33) was used as the microbial starter culture. Firstly, high density cultivation was used for bacteria enrichment. and the fermentation broth was centrifuged to obtain the cell free supernatant and bacteria pellets. According to the different requirements of the drying effects of the supernatant and bacteria, this study combined two drying technique to reduce the cost and and maximize the protection effects. The cell free supernatant was treated by spray drying. The bacteria pellets were microencapsulated by endogenous emulsification with optimized calcium carriers and appropriate sodium alginate concentration and coating with chitosan to provide extra protection for the strain. Then the microcapsules were treated by vacuum freeze drying. Finally, the two products were mixed and pelleted as granules to form the Jiaosu powder. The microencapsulation efficiency (ME), gastrointestinal survival rate and release rate were used as indicators to investigate the protective effect of multiple protection techniques on biological activity. The results showed the endogenous emulsification was an effective method for microcapsulation using EDTA-Ca as the calcium carrier, 1.5% sodium alginate as the wall material, and 0.3% chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate as the coating material. Under these conditions, the microencapsulation efficiency of prepared microcapsule was more than 80%; After treatment with artificial simulated gastric juice (SGJ) and simulated intestinal juice (SIJ) for 2 h, the survival rate of Lactobacillus plantarum 1-33 was more than 50%, and the release rate was greater than 90%. These results indicated large amounts of viable cells of Lactobacillus plantarum were obtained after acid stress of gastric juice and could be directional released in the intestinal tract. According to single factor and orthogonal experiment, the best formula of cryoprotectants was: 10% skim milk powder, 8% lactose, 1% sodium ascorbate, 1% sodium glutamate and the ratio of bacterial powder to cryoprotectant is 1:10. Then the prepared probiotics Jiaosu powder was stored at 30&#8451; for 3 months, and the amount of Lactobacillus plantarum 1-33 is still more than 9.5 lg(CFU/g); Compared with the pre-fermentation juice, free-radical scavenging activity of probiotics Jiaosu powder increased by nearly 20%. Through the above multiple active protection techniques, the survival rate and stress tolerance of bacteria are improved, and a new kind of probiotics Jiaosu powder with high density and high activity is obtained, which provides technical support for the subsequent industrial production.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Probiotics
Controlled terms:Bacilli - Bioactivity - Calcium - Chitosan - Coatings - Drying - Efficiency - Emulsification - Fermentation - Free radicals  - Microencapsulation - Microstructure - Pelletizing - Sodium alginate
Uncontrolled terms:Active protection technique - Free radical scavenging activity - Lactobacillus plantarum - Microcapsules - Protection techniques - Simulated gastric juice - Sodium tripolyphosphate - Technology optimization
Classification code:461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.9  Biology - 549.2  Alkaline Earth Metals - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 813.2  Coating Materials - 913.1  Production Engineering - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.50e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20193907477172
Title:Design of row-unit driver for maize variable rate planter
Title of translation:&#29577;&#31859;&#21464;&#37327;&#25773;&#31181;&#26426;&#21333;&#20307;&#39537;&#21160;&#22120;&#30340;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Ding, Youqiang (1, 2); Yang, Li (1, 2); Zhang, Dongxing (1, 2); Cui, Tao (1, 2); Zhang, Kailiang (1, 2); Wang, Mantao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Li(yl_hb68@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-9
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most of the motor drivers and monitoring sensors used in domestic electric drive precision maize planter are directly connected to the main controller. It's difficult to expand the number of sowing rows and cannot meet the requirements of variable sowing operation for independent control of each single sowing unit. In order to reduce the coupling of the control system and alleviate the calculation pressure of the main controller, a hardware structure of row-unit controller based on STM32F103 was built, including motor drive circuit and seed quality detection circuit. The P-N 3-phase full-bridge BLDC (brushless direct current) motor drive circuit was based on FAN3278, which could regulate the rotate speed and prevent overload. The seed quality detection circuit was based on photoelectric sensor, which could realize photoelectric isolation and shaping of the sensor signal. The results of signal integrity test indicated that ripple voltage reduced 46.5%, signal transmission of each module was stable and working logic was reasonable. Moreover, a software architecture of the row-unit controller was constructed, the core algorithm included BLDC motor driving program and seed quality detection program was designed. A PID closed-loop control algorithm was used for BLDC motor driver to overcome the shortcomings of open-loop control. The final tuned PID parameter values: Proportional constant was 0.000 04,integration constant was 0.000 3,differential constant was 0.000 01. The results of no-load starting test on BLDC motor indicated that: within a set speed range of 300 -1 800 r/min, the max rise time was 0.4 s and the maximum overshoot was 1.56% on the speed response curve, the start performance met the requirement and speed of motor was improved. The data exchanged between the row-unit driver and the main controller via the CAN bus. The overall test results of the row-unit driver confirmed that it could realize the function of the seed metering driving, the seeding quality detection, and CAN communication with the main controller. The performance test results of seed metering device driving showed that the qualified index was more than 95.7%, the multiple index was less than 4.3%, and the miss index was less than 1.4% when forward speed was 3-9 km/h, which was higher than the national standard GB/T 6973-2005 requirement. The comparison test between the designed single unit driver and seed meter detector for performance evaluation revealed that the detection results were basically coincident. The maximum difference of precision index was only 0.1 percentage points when the speed was 3 km/h. The difference of the qualified index between the seed meter detector and the single unit driver was no more than 2 percentage points, the multiple index was no more than 1.1 percentage points, and the miss index was no more than 0.9 percentage points under different speed gradients. To sum up, the performance of the developed row-unit driver is applicable, and it can be applied in variable rate seeding.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Electric machine control
Controlled terms:Brushless DC motors - Closed loop control systems - Control engineering - Controllers - Design - Detector circuits - Digital storage - Electric drives - Electric motors - Electronic data interchange  - Mechanization - Photoelectricity - Proportional control systems - Quality control - Speed - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Brushless direct currents - CAN bus - Photoelectric isolations - Pid closed-loop controls - Row-unit driver - Seed metering devices - Seeding qualities - Variable rate
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 705.3  Electric Motors - 705.3.2  DC Motors - 713.3  Modulators, Demodulators, Limiters, Discriminators, Mixers - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 731.1  Control Systems - 731.2  Control System Applications - 732.1  Control Equipment - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.56e+00%, Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 4.65e+01%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM to 1.80e+03RPM, Time 4.00e-01s, Velocity 8.33e-01m/s to 2.50e+00m/s, Velocity 8.33e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20193907477243
Title:Buoyancy early warning of underground granary with "2:8 lime soil" backfilling
Title of translation:"&#20108;&#20843;&#28784;&#22303;"&#22238;&#22635;&#22320;&#19979;&#31918;&#20179;&#28014;&#21147;&#39044;&#35686;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Liu, Haiyan (1); Meng, Weixin (1); Wang, Zhenqing (1); Tian, Dongjie (2); Xu, Xiangnan (1); Liu, Xu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Zhengzhou Kangqiao Real Estate Development Co. LTD, Zhengzhou; 450000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:299-305
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The buoyancy of the underground structure is generally calculated on the basis of Archimedes law. However, the influence of surrounding backfilling soil was not taken into account in previous work. This article takes an underground granary that has been constructed as a research object. In this study, the 2:8 lime soil backfilling condition was considered in the indoor scale model tests. The diameters of the underground granary model cylinders were taken as 400 (Model cylinder A), 500 (Model cylinder B) and 600 mm (Model cylinder C), respectively. The whole scale model test consisted of two parts, the pure water test and the 2:8 lime soil backfilling tests. The results of the pure water test indicated that the actual buoyancy calculated based on Archimedes law and the theoretical buoyancy under the self-weight of the model cylinder (including the constrain force of the upper part of the model cylinder, which is also converted into its own weight) were basically consistent. The errors between the actual buoyancy and the theoretical buoyancy for the three models cylinder were 0.03%, 1%, 3%, respectively. In the 2:8 lime soil backfilling test, the water was injected slowly, the displacement was monitored by the displacement meter and the reaction force at the upper surface was measured by the pressure sensor. The numerical variation of displacement and constraint force during the whole process of the model cylinder floating was analyzed. The displacement mutation value lags behind the constraint force mutation value. When the pressure sensor reading changed significantly but the displacement meter reading did not, the actual water level served as the warning water level of the model cylinder. When the pressure sensor and the displacement meter reading changed significantly together, the actual water level was used as the actual floats water level of the model cylinder. Taking the warning water level and the actual floating water level as the theoretical basis for calculation, obtained the theoretical resistance to buoyancy under the self-weight of the model cylinder and the actual resistance to buoyancy. When reaching the warning water level, the actual resistance to buoyancy of model cylinder A, B, C were 1.93, 2.43, 1.66 times respectively as the theoretical resistance to buoyancy. When reaching the actual floating water level, the actual resistance to buoyancy of model cylinder A, B, C were 2.15, 3.36, 2.96 times respectively as the theoretical resistance to buoyancy. When backfilling 2:8 lime soil around an underground granary, calculating the buoyancy using Archimedes' law is safe. Considering the safety reserve comprehensively, the 2:8 lime-soil backfilling condition of underground granary, when reaching the warning water level, the actual resistance to buoyancy is 1.5 times of the theoretical resistance to buoyancy, and when reaching the actual floating water level, the actual resistance to buoyancy is 2 times of the theoretical resistance to buoyancy. The research results are able to provide a reference for the anti-buoyancy design of underground granaries and other underground structures in the future.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Buoyancy
Controlled terms:Cylinders (shapes) - Grain elevators - Lime - Pressure sensors - Soils - Testing - Underground structures - Water levels
Uncontrolled terms:Backfilling conditions - Constraint forces - Displacement mutation - Lime soil - Research results - Scale model tests - Underground granary - Water injection tests
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 694.4  Storage - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.3  Pressure Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e-02%, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20193907477231
Title:Inhibitory effect of Aspergillus flavus and component analysis of methanol extraction from camellia seed cake
Title of translation:&#27833;&#33590;&#31869;&#39292;&#31893;&#20013;&#30002;&#37255;&#25552;&#21462;&#29289;&#25233;&#21046;&#40644;&#26354;&#38665;&#33740;&#25928;&#26524;&#21450;&#25104;&#20998;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wang, Yaping (1); Fei, Xueqian (1); Lu, Kuankuan (1); Yao, Xiaohua (1); Guo, Shaohai (1); Wang, Kailiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Hangzhou; 311400, China
Corresponding author:Fei, Xueqian(fxq6565@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:322-329
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is a well-known diffused fungus that contaminates a great number of crops used for human and animal consumption. How to effectively prevent the contamination becomes a significant problem. Camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is one of the four dominant, woody, oil species in the world. Oil from camellia seeds is rich in essential fatty acids and vitamins. This oil can alleviate malnutrition by balancing human nutrition to benefit human health, and it conforms to the consumption trends of modern edible oils, along with the utilization of its by-products is getting more and more attention. In recent years, the prevention and treatment of A. flavus and AFs by plant sources and active microbial substances have attracted more attention. Our previous study shows that camellia seed cake is not susceptible to A. flavus. Based on the result, we propose that there may be a certain natural antagonistic substances that can inhibit the growth of A. flavus and the production of AFs in camellia seeds. This study was designed to evaluate the antifungal effect of the active substance in camellia seed cake on the growth of A. flavus and toxigenicity through in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal tests, to make a determination of antimicrobial substances contained in the camellia seed cake. Camellia seed cake was extracted by eighty percent methanol (v/v), the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and saturated n-butanol. Among the extracts, the n-butanol phase exhibited apparent inhibition activity on the growth and aflatoxin production of A. flavus. The concentration of 100 mg/mL worked best, because the inhibitory zone diameter was 22.00 mm, the mycelial dry weight was 42.88% less than the control, both of the two indicators were significantly better than other treatments (P&lt;0.01), and no AFs were detected. Whereas the aqueous phase and ethyl acetate phase exhibited weak antifungal activity and no activity, respectively. In addition, the n-butanol phase inhibited the production of aflatoxin B<inf>1</inf> (AFB<inf>1</inf>) of A. flavus effectively, AFB<inf>1</inf> was not detected in all concentration treatments. The main chemical component of n-butanol extract phase of eighty percent methanol extract in camellia seed cake was tea saponin, the research showed that tea saponin had no inhibitory effect on A. flavus. Therefore, it was speculated that the other active component (s) in the n-butanol extract phase had inhibitory effect on A. flavus. n-Butanol extract phase was separated and purified by means of AB-8 macroporous absorbent column chromatography, among the macroporous resin fraction of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% ethanol (v/v), the 75% ethanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity, the concentration of 100 mg/mL worked best, because the inhibitory zone diameter was 163.7 mm, the mycelial dry weight was significantly lower than the control, both of the two indices were significantly superior to other treatments (P&lt;0.01), and AFs were undetected. The 75% ethanol fraction was assayed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS). The three compounds were identified which were 1) kaempferol-3-O-[&beta;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;3)-O-&alpha;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1&rarr;6)-O-&beta;-D-galactopyranoside]; 2) kaemferol-3-O- [2-O-&beta;-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-&alpha;-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-&beta;-D-glucopyranoside; and 3) kaempferol-3-O-[6-trans-p-coumaroyl)- &beta;-D-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;3)-O-&alpha;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1&rarr;6)-O-&beta;-D-galactopyranoside]. This study provides a reference and a guide for research and development of an antifungal agent for A. flavus, and meanwhile broadens utilization of the by-products of camellia seed.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Aspergillus
Controlled terms:Aflatoxins - Antifungal agents - Column chromatography - Enzyme inhibition - Ethanol - Extraction - Fatty acids - Flavonoids - Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry  - Metabolites - Methanol - Nutrition - Seed
Uncontrolled terms:Active compounds - Anti-fungal activity - Antimicrobial substance - Aspergillus flavus - Essential fatty acids - Inhibition activity - Research and development - Ultra performance liquid chromatography
Classification code:461  Bioengineering and Biology - 801  Chemistry - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e+02kg/m3, Percentage 0.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 4.29e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 1.64e-01m, Size 2.20e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20193907477186
Title:Monitoring chlorpyrifos and abamectin in water bodies of paddies and assessment of ecological risk to aquatic animals
Title of translation:&#31291;&#30000;&#27700;&#20307;&#20013;&#27602;&#27515;&#34609;&#21644;&#38463;&#32500;&#33740;&#32032;&#30417;&#27979;&#21450;&#27700;&#29983;&#21160;&#29289;&#29983;&#24577;&#39118;&#38505;&#35780;&#20215;
Authors:Chen, Cheng (1); Luo, Wan (1); Zou, Jiarong (1); Jia, Zhonghua (1); Zhang, Zhixiu (2); Zhu, Weibin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Administrative Office of Zhaoguan Irrigated Area in Jiangdu District, Yangzhou; 225261, China; (3) River Management Department of Jiangdu District, Yangzhou; 225200, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Wan(luowan@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:195-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Paddies in the river network area in plains of southern China produce large amount of drainage discharge in the growing season. Pesticides applied to the paddy fields can be observed in adjacent drainage ditches as they traveled with surface and shallow subsurface drainage, or deposited with the wind drift when they are not thoroughly degraded right after application. Consequently, the surrounding water bodies including the drainage ditches and ponds would be contaminated by the pesticides, which poses a potential threat to the aquatic ecological environment. Based on a field monitoring study in the Farmland Water Conservancy Scientific Research Station of Jiangdu District, Yangzhou, China, we conducted high-frequency (with the shortest sampling interval of 1 h) and short-term (3-day duration) sampling in the upper and middle sections of drainage ditches, surface water and ground water in paddies right after pesticide application. The concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and abamectin (ABM) (two commonly used paddy insecticides) were analyzed. The results showed that peak concentrations appeared twice within 5 h after application in the adjacent drainage outlet for both insecticides; the peak concentrations of CPF and ABM were 0.33 mg/L and 4.60 &mu;g/L, respectively in the field ditch, the peak concentration of CPF was much higher than the acute water quality criteria of CPF in the Yangtze River delta region (0.013-0.112 &mu;g/L). Concentrations of the two insecticides decreased rapidly when there was no outflow in the field ditch, indicating that controlled drainage might have a great impact on the concentration variations in ditches. The concentrations of CPF and ABM were much lower in ditches between 36 and 72 h after their applications; CPF concentrations varied from 0.007 to 0.020 mg/L and ABM concentrations were lower than 0.1 &mu;g/L. Concentrations of CPF in the water bodies around paddies decreased in the order of the field ditch (0.007-0.33 mg/L) to surface water of paddies (0.004-0.050 mg/L), and then to ground water of paddies (0.000 6-0.002 mg/L). A time lag was observed for the concentration variations in different sites of the field ditch. When pesticides application was based on the recommended dose for paddies (80 g per 667 m² for CPF, 50 mL per 667 m² for ABM), CPF had high to extremely high risks to majority of the concerned aquatic animals, while ABM had only low to medium risks to the most aquatic animals. CPF had extremely high risks to 8 out of 16 fishes and high to extremely high risks to 5 different shrimps or crabs. ABM had low to medium risks to 16 out of 19 fishes and low risks to 3 shrimp or crab species. The safe concentrations of CPF calculated with two methods were 1.2&times;10^-5-0.384 9 mg/L and 6&times;10^-6-0.194 0 mg/L, respectively. The environmental exposure concentration of CPF in paddies after pesticide application was larger than the safety concentrations of most evaluated aquatic animals, while different results were obtained for ABM. Results from this study indicate adverse environmental and ecological effects of the monitored insecticides application in paddies; they may provide valuable scientific reference for ecological risk management of pesticides and agricultural non-point source pollution control.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:76
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Fish - Groundwater - Groundwater flow - Insecticides - Monitoring - Pollution control - Risk assessment - Risk management - Shellfish - Surface waters  - Water management - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Aquatic animals - Concentration variation - Ecological environments - Ecological risks - Farmland water conservancies - Paddy fields - Pesticide applications
Classification code:444.1  Surface Water - 444.2  Groundwater - 445.2  Water Analysis - 453  Water Pollution - 461.9  Biology - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-03yr, Area 6.67e+02m2, Mass 8.00e-02kg, Mass_Density 1.00e-07kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.30e-08kg/m3 to 1.12e-07kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.30e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e-06kg/m3 to 5.00e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.60e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-03kg/m3 to 2.00e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.00e-06kg/m3 to 2.00e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.00e-06kg/m3 to 3.30e-04kg/m3, Time 1.30e+05s to 2.59e+05s, Time 1.80e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Volume 5.00e-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20193907477132
Title:Effects of yaw on wake expansion and tip-vortex dissipation of wind turbine blades based on high-frequency PIV
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#39640;&#39057;PIV&#30340;&#20559;&#33322;&#23545;&#39118;&#21147;&#26426;&#21494;&#29255;&#23614;&#36857;&#33192;&#32960;&#21644;&#21494;&#23574;&#28065;&#32791;&#25955;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Ma, Jianlong (1, 2); Li, Xuebin (1); L&uuml;, Wenchun (1, 3); Huo, Dehao (1); Wu, Yuqing (1); Wang, Jianwen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot; 010051, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Wind Energy and Solar Energy Technology, Ministry of Education, Hohhot; 010051, China; (3) Technology and Vocational Education Research Center, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics Electrics, Hohhot; 010070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:57-62
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The complex spatial vortices are generated when the airflow passes through the high-speed rotating blades. The generation, growth and expansion of vortices is not only an important basis for analyzing the structural characteristics of the blade wake flow field, but also a key problem for accurately grasping the wake flow resistance, aerodynamic noise and vibration inducement of downstream wind turbines. Therefore, it is of great value to carry out relevant research work. As the junction between wake flow field and external flow field, tip vortices' propagation characteristics are an important basis for analyzing the structure of wake flow field and an important topic that researchers have always paid close attention to. However, due to the lag of research and development of high-speed flow field monitoring equipment and insufficient attention paid by previous researchers to yaw conditions, the relevant research is still in its infancy, which leads to the uncertainty of the sensitivity of blade wake expansion to tip vorticity dissipation, and the influence of yaw behavior on the structure characteristics of wake flow field is still not clear. In particular, the regularity and mechanism of its influence on the generation and dissipation of tip vortices remain to be revealed. In order to reveal the response characteristics of blade wake structure with yaw angle, an experimental test on the near wake flow field characteristics of a small horizontal axis wind turbine with a diameter of 1.4 m was carried out using the high frequency PIV flow field measurement device, which investigated the correlations and correlations between wake expansion, tip vortex dissipation and incoming wind velocity, access load (i.e. blade velocity) and yaw angle. The results showed that, in the non-yaw state, with the increase of generator load, the trend of wake flow expanding towards the outside of wind turbine became larger, and the mixing effect between the outside flow field and wake flow field intensified, which led to the acceleration of the dissipation rate of tip vortices. The yaw behavior made the wake flow field shrink to the inside of the wind turbine, and the shrinkage rate increased with the increase of yaw angle. At this time, the mixing effect between the outer flow field and the wake flow field was weakened, which led to the decrease of tip vortex diffusion rate. The test results also showed that in the initial stage of tip vortex shedding, there was a regular change of vorticity value which increases first and then decreases. The discovery provided an exact answer to the controversy that the variation of tip vorticity value obtained by numerical simulation was not the same. At the same time, in yaw condition, the increase of blade velocity would cause the maximum vorticity point to appear ahead of time, and the trend would be aggravated with the increase of yaw angle. In this paper, the characteristics of wake expansion and tip eddy dissipation of blades were revealed by means of experimental measurements. Relevant results have important reference value for the further study of the wake structure and transport law of blades.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Turbomachine blades
Controlled terms:Aerodynamics - Computer simulation - Expansion - Flow control - Flow fields - Mixing - Turbine components - Vibration analysis - Vortex flow - Vorticity  - Wakes - Wind tunnels - Wind turbines
Uncontrolled terms:Blade - High frequency HF - Tip vortex - Wake expansions - Yaw angles
Classification code:615.8  Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 ) - 617  Turbines and Steam Turbines - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 651.1  Aerodynamics, General - 651.2  Wind Tunnels - 723.5  Computer Applications - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.40e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20193907477102
Title:Parameter optimization of heating disinfection machine handling watermelon continuous cultivation substrate and cultivation effect
Title of translation:&#21152;&#28909;&#28040;&#27602;&#35774;&#22791;&#22788;&#29702;&#35199;&#29916;&#37325;&#33580;&#22522;&#36136;&#24037;&#33402;&#20248;&#21270;&#21450;&#26685;&#22521;&#25928;&#26524;
Authors:Song, Xiuchao (1); Luo, Jia (1); Ma, Yan (1); Liu, Xinhong (1); Zhou, Jinyan (1); Yan, Shaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Yan(myjaas@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:167-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In china, vegetable acreage was increasing year by year, and the problems of soil nutrient out of balance, soil acidification and salinization were becoming more and more prominent. Soilless substrate cultivation has unique advantages in relieving the increasingly tense land resources, preventing the rapid degradation of soil and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. However, in order to reduce the cost of substrate, the technology of cyclic utilization of cultivation substrate is necessary. Common technologies include chemical disinfection, solar disinfection and steam disinfection, but there are some unsolved vulnerabilities of incomplete killing of pathogenic bacteria due to heat uneven transfer. In order to resolve this problem, a kind of disinfection machine was designed. This machine could disinfect continuous cultivation substrate by means of the jacket heating with heat transfer oil. The maximum volume of this machine was 5000 L, and it realized automatic feeding, automatic mixing, automatic controlling temperature and automatic discharging. In this paper, we studied the main obstacle factors for the utilization of watermelon continuous cultivation substrate, and carried out correlative operating parameter (e.g. total tray capacity, moisture content, disinfection method and time) optimization for this equipment and verify the result of cultivation with disinfected substrate in the field. At the same time, we calculated the economic cost and put forward the promotion suggestions. Results indicated that physical and chemical properties of substrate changed significantly after cultivation of watermelon, and the bulk density increased while the porosity decreased significantly (P&lt;0.05). The total nitrogen content, available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 33.0%, 40.3% and 33.5%, respectively. All the physical and chemical properties of substrate still met the reuse requirement for watermelon cultivation. The pathogenic bacteria population explosion (the population of Fusarium oxysporum changed from 0 to 5.3 &times;10³ cfu/g) was the main obstacle factor for reusing this substrate. Based on this machine, the optimum disinfection operating parameter of watermelon continuous cultivation substrate were as follows: Input quantity was 3 m&sup3; and substrate water content was about 40%, disinfecting time was 2-2.5 hours at high temperature of 70 &#8451;. And based on the above parameters, the economic costs were controlled at 42.25-53.50 RMB/m³ with this equipment, which was below 6% of the cost of the new substrate. Field experimental results showed that no watermelon fusarium wilt broke out in disinfected substrate treatment, because the population of Fusarium oxysporum had no significant increase as compared to control. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in watermelon growth parameters (e.g. plant height, stem diameter in middle stage of watermelon growth, plant dry weight, single fruit weight, and plot yield after harvest) between the new substrate and disinfected substrate. Therefore, this machine met the requirements of disinfection continuous cultivation substrate which could be applied well to actual agricultural production. Of course, considering the cost of this equipment, the best promotion mode should be through substrate marketing enterprises, who could conduct business plate of continuous cultivation substrate disinfection or trade in allowance.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Substrates
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Bacteria - Chemical properties - Commerce - Costs - Cultivation - Degradation - Disinfection - Fungi - Heat transfer  - Heating equipment - Nitrogen - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Continuous cultivation - Cultivation substrates - High temperature - Parameter optimization - Physical and chemical properties - Technologic parameters - Total nitrogen content
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 801  Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 3.35e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.03e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Time 7.20e+03s to 9.00e+03s, Volume 3.00e+00m3, Volume 5.00e+00m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20193907477221
Title:Parameter optimization of opener of semi-automatic transplanter for watermelon seedlings raised on compression substrate
Title of translation:&#21322;&#33258;&#21160;&#21387;&#32553;&#22522;&#36136;&#22411;&#35199;&#29916;&#38069;&#33495;&#31227;&#26685;&#26426;&#25104;&#31348;&#22120;&#21442;&#25968;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Han, Changjie (1); Xu, Yang (1); You, Jia (1); Zhang, Jing (1); Yuan, Panpan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-56
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problems of the poor quality of the hole shape formed by the transplanter will cause the seeding to tilt, when watermelon seedlings raised on pie-shaped compression substrate for transplanting. Opener parameters of hole-forming device in semi-automatic transplanter for watermelon seedlings raised on compression substrate is optimized to meet the agronomic requirements of transplanting compression substrate watermelon seedling and combining the characteristics of dryland transplanting machinery. Through analyzing the movement mechanism of the opener, this paper established the parameter equation of the planting hole. It was concluded that the depth of the hole-forming was the main factor affecting the longitudinal length of the upper part of the hole mouth. The Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Cohesion Model, which can reflect the elastoplasticity and cohesiveness of soil. The simulation analysis of the hole-forming process of the opener was carried out by using the discrete element method. The rationality of the structure parameters and motion parameters of the opener was verified, and the hole-forming effect of different diameters of the small end of opener was explored at different theoretical depth of hole-forming. According to the simulation results, the diameter of the small end of opener was 60 mm and the theoretical depth of hole-forming was 65 mm. The bottom of the hole was relatively flat, effective depth of hole-forming was 51 mm. The upper longitudinal length of hole and the upper width of hole were relatively small. It was conducive to the growth of coated transplanted crops. In order to verify the accuracy of the above design method and the reliability of the operation of the hole-forming device, a prototype and 3 sets of opener with different small end diameters were trial-manufactured to carry out field experiments, and the upper longitudinal length of hole, upper width of hole and effective depth of hole-forming were measured. The results of the experiment combined with the simulation analysis showed that the upper longitudinal length of hole and the upper width of hole were increased with the increase of the theoretical depth of hole-forming. The upper longitudinal length of hole and the upper width of hole increased with the increase of the diameter of the small end of the opener. The influence of the diameter change of the small end of the opener on the upper longitudinal length of hole was weaker than the change of theoretical depth of hole-forming. The theoretical depth of hole-forming had a significant effect on the upper longitudinal length of hole. The larger the diameter of the small end of the opener, the more the upper width of hole increased as the theoretical depth of hole-forming. The minimum error between simulation result and the test result of upper longitudinal length of hole was 0.34%, the maximum was 12.78%, and the average error was 6.7%. The minimum error between the simulation result and test result of the upper width of hole was 7.23%, maximum was 20.87%, and average error was 12.33%. The minimum error between effective depth of hole-forming simulation results and test results was 1.79%, the maximum was 17.92%, and the average error was 10.46%. The research can provide a reference for the optimization and improvement of the opener.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Errors
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Elastoplasticity - Finite difference method - Mechanization - Optimization - Transplants
Uncontrolled terms:Forming simulations - Hole-forming process - Movement mechanism - Opener - Parameter equations - Parameter optimization - Simulation analysis - Structure parameter
Classification code:462.4  Prosthetics - 601  Mechanical Design - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.05e+01%, Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.79e+00%, Percentage 1.79e+01%, Percentage 2.09e+01%, Percentage 3.40e-01%, Percentage 6.70e+00%, Percentage 7.23e+00%, Size 5.10e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m, Size 6.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20193907477204
Title:Characteristics of rill erosion and its influencing factors in slope farmland after "7.26" rainstorm in Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province
Title of translation:&#38485;&#21271;&#23376;&#27954;"7.26"&#26292;&#38632;&#21518;&#22369;&#32789;&#22320;&#32454;&#27807;&#20405;&#34432;&#21450;&#20854;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Wang, Haolin (1); Jiao, Juying (1, 2); Tang, Bingzhe (1); Chen, Yixian (2); Bai, Leichao (1); Wang, Nan (2); Zhang, Yifeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&amp;F University, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and Ministry of Water Resources, State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, Juying(jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:122-130
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Most studies on rills are conducted under simulated rainfall condition. However, the study under natural rainfall condition is rare, especially under extreme storm condition. In this study, we investigated rill erosion under the rainstorm that occurred on 26 July, in Zizhou County, Shaanxi Province. The 16 investigation sites were in Qingshuigou small watershed involving 5 slope surfaces of slope farmland, including 3 straight slopes, 1 convex slope, and 1 shallow ditch terrain slope. For each investigation point, the size of the quadrats was set as 2 m&times;2 m, and 2-3 duplicates were set. Rill intensity, rill density and degree of rill dissection of each sample plot were measured to discuss the influence of slope position (distance from watershed), slope gradient and slope type on rill characteristics of slope farmland. The results showed that: rill erosion intensity, rill density and degree of rill dissection were 2 289-110 976 t/km², 0.3-3.95 m/m² and 0.002-0.441, respectively. The width of rills varied from 0.5 to 60 cm, with 51% rills ranging from 10 to 15 cm in width, and 93% rills was less than 20cm. The depth of the rill varied from 0.5 to 35 cm, with 69% of rills ranging from 0 to 5 cm, and 97% of the rill depth was less than 15cm. As the increase of distance from the watershed, rill erosion intensity increased, and rill erosion developed rapidly firstly and then slowed down. Between 17-58 m from the watershed, with the increase of distance, rills developed rapidly and the degree of fragmentation of the slope increased. After 58 m from the watershed, the development of rills slowed down and the degree of fragmentation of the slope weakened. The effect of slope gradient on the rill erosion varied among different slope positions. With the increase of slope gradient, in the upper part of the slope (20-40 m from the watershed), rill erosion intensity raised sharply, and slope fragmentation degree increased. With the increase of slope gradient, in the lower part of the slope (60-80 m from the watershed), rill erosion intensity increased slowly, and slope fragmentation degree weakened. In convex slope, the middle slope had the largest rill erosion intensity (10 292 t/km²), followed by the lower slope (8 141 t/km²) and the upper slope (no rill erosion but have surface erosion). With increase of the distance from watershed, rill density, degree of rill dissection and rill depth increased firstly and then decreased, while rill erosion intensity and rill depth increased. In the slope with shallow gully, the rill erosion of sloping farmland and abandoned farmland increased with the increase of the distance. However, the existence of abandoned farmland weakened the development of rill. In the straight slope, rill developed rapidly due to the larger slope gradient. Therefore, the straight slope had the largest rill erosion intensity, rill density and degree of rill dissection in the three slope types. This paper analyzes the erosion status and regularity of rills in slope farmland during this rainstorm, and discusses the influence of slope position, slope gradient and slope shape on rill erosion of slope surface, aim to provide reference for soil erosion control of sloping farmland on the Loess Plateau.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Erosion - Farms - Landforms - Rain - Soils - Storms - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Rainstorm - Rill erosion - Slope gradients - Slope type - Sloping farmlands
Classification code:443.3  Precipitation - 444.1  Surface Water - 481.1  Geology - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.10e+01%, Percentage 6.90e+01%, Percentage 9.30e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-01m to 1.50e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 1.70e+01m to 5.80e+01m, Size 2.00e+01m to 4.00e+01m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-03m to 3.50e-01m, Size 5.00e-03m to 6.00e-01m, Size 5.80e+01m, Size 6.00e+01m to 8.00e+01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20193907477195
Title:Potential of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by organic manures in Dongguan based on system dynamics
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#31995;&#32479;&#21160;&#21147;&#23398;&#30340;&#19996;&#33694;&#26377;&#26426;&#24223;&#24323;&#29289;&#26367;&#20195;&#21270;&#32933;&#28508;&#21147;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Qin, Zhong (1, 2, 3); Long, Shaoqiu (1, 2, 3); Wang, Lu (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Chunxia (1); Yuan, Lan (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Construction Land Improvement, Ministry of Land and Resources, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou; 510642, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Lu(selinapple@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:223-232
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Strategies for managing livestock manures and slurries in a sustainable manner have become an import issue with the rapid development in livestock and poultry industry in China. The manure production and utilization, usually involves the farming population, livestock and poultry breeding and crop cultivation, can achieve planting-breeding balance and reduce emissions of nutrients and pollutants to the environment. Understanding the process of manure nutrients in this comprehensive system can be helpful to strategies for the efficient recycling of manures. We develop a STELLA (Structural Thinking, Experiential Learning Laboratory with Animation) model for predicting the manure productions in agricultural and rural livelihoods and the changes in arable land bearing capacity for manure resources, and estimating the balance between local manure nutrients supply and fertilizer demand under different scenarios of crop straw returning to field and manure processing methods. The study aimed to provide scientific information for optimize planting and breeding structure, achieve the sustainable recycling of manures, and promote the formulation of relevant policies. The model was applied to Dongguan in Pearl River Delta, an ideal candidate for investigating regional dynamics of manure nutrients with the adjustment of stock breeding industry and continuing reduced livestock and poultry breeding in recent years. The dynamics of manure nutrients included in the model were: 1) The loading capacity of agricultural land soil for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients according to limitations on nitrogen and phosphorus application issued by the European Union; 2) The estimated amount of crop straw and its nutrient content. The crop straw nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>) and potassium (K<inf>2</inf>O) nutrients returned to field were also quantified separately under three returning proportions; 3) The amount of livestock manure estimated by the excretive coefficient method. Manures produced from different livestock species were converted into pig equivalent. Manure nutrients were calculated under three manure processing methods; 4) Nutrients derived from rural domestic manures; 5) The average values of arable land loading of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The model was calibrated using the statistical data during 1979-2017 and then used for the future prediction. The results showed that nutrients demand of crops and fruit trees in 2025 was 4.613 6&times;10³ t, while nutrients supplied by crop residue retention, livestock farming and rural domestic wastes were 430.64 and 4.5143&times;10³ t, respectively. Under scenarios of three typical manure management methods (stockpiling, biogas production and composting), the actual available nutrient elements were estimated to 3.913 9&times;10³, 4.803 7&times;10³ and 3.055 0&times;10³ t, respectively. According to the rule of organic fertilizer N substituting 50% of chemical fertilizer N, the amount of N, P, K contained in organic wastes has exceeded the requirements of crop and fruit trees and should be transported out to reduce the risk of environmental pollution. Under the scenario of all straw returned to field, up to 87% of livestock manures should be exported out. Moreover, the additional K needed to be supplied with chemical fertilizers to meet the needs of crops and fruit trees under the compost processing scenario. The prediction posed a caution that the livestock farms and farmers in Dongguan should ensure the amount of manure nutrients supplied by crop residue retention, livestock farming and rural domestic not to exceed the demand of crops and fruit trees.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Composting - Crops - Cultivation - Forecasting - Forestry - Fruits - Land use - Mammals - Manures - Nutrients  - Orchards - Phosphorus - Plants (botany) - Recycling - River pollution - Sustainable development - System theory
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Dongguan - Environmental pollutions - Experiential learning - Nitrogen and phosphorus - Scenario analysis - Scientific information - System Dynamics
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 452.3  Industrial Wastes - 453  Water Pollution - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20193907477197
Title:Suitability evaluation and reclamation objectives for advanced land reclamation in coal mining pre-subsidence area
Title of translation:&#37319;&#29028;&#39044;&#22604;&#38519;&#21306;&#36229;&#21069;&#22797;&#22438;&#36866;&#23452;&#24615;&#35780;&#20215;&#21450;&#22797;&#22438;&#26041;&#21521;&#21010;&#23450;
Authors:Zhao, Huishun (1); Hu, Zhenqi (1, 2); Chen, Chao (3); Sun, Yangyang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou; 221116, China; (3) College of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou; 451191, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhenqi(huzq@cumtb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:245-255
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The suitability evaluation of land reclamation in coal mining subsidence area is helpful to carry out land reclamation work scientifically in mining areas. In this manuscript, Zhaogu 1^st Mine was used as an example, and ten indicators were selected from four aspects of topography, location conditions, soil conditions and human conditions to construct the land reclamation suitability evaluation system, and constructing the spatial dataset of evaluation indicators from the spatial level based on ArcGIS grid analysis function. At the same time, the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (TF-AHP) was used to empower the evaluation indicators from the suitability of cultivated land, garden and woodland. This method takes into account the subjective ambiguity of the evaluator, thereby improving the accuracy of weight distribution. Then, the weighted superposition of the spatial data of each index was realized by grey correlation analysis, and the suitability distribution of the three reclamation directions was obtained by the natural breakpoint module in ArcGIS. On this basis, we introduced an improved comprehensive extreme evaluation method for suitability analysis, which combined the order of land code of the second national land survey, suitability level of cultivated land, garden and woodland to obtain a five or six evaluation integrated value (MLS). The results can reflect the status of land use of the evaluation unit, and also reflect the suitability level of the unit for different reclamation directions. The research area was divided into 102 evaluation units by using MLS as the fusion field. And according to the principle of "adapting to local conditions, prioritizing cultivated land and reclaiming into the most suitable land type", the direction of reclamation of each reclamation unit was determined. Finally, the evaluation of the suitability of reclamation in coal mining subsidence area was realized, and the suitability level of each reclamation direction was delimited. The results showed that there are differences in the suitability of different reclamation directions in the study area, mainly manifested as woodland &gt; garden &gt; cultivated land. Based on GIS, the study area was divided into 102 evaluation units with consistent or similar attributes. With comprehensively considering the results of suitability evaluation and natural and economic conditions and infrastructure conditions, the study area was finally divided into four reclamation sub-areas, and 10 sub-division levels: the suitable area of cultivated land was 1 296.09 hm², accounting for 62.95% of the total area, mainly distributed in the light and moderate damage zone of the central and western subsidence area. The suitable area of the garden was 16.29 hm², accounting for 0.79%, scattered in the light and moderate damage zone. The suitable area of forest land was 689.49 hm², accounting for 33.48% of the total area, mainly distributed in the middle-eastern subsidence which had a large terrain relief. The unsuitable area was 57.15 hm², accounting for 2.78% of the total area, mainly concentrated in the northern edge area of the central severe damage area. The evaluation method of this manuscript took into account the difference of the contribution degree of the evaluation indicators of different reclamation directions and the subjective ambiguity of the evaluator. The use of GIS reduced human interference and made the evaluation unit division more objective. And which has better application than the traditional evaluation method and makes the evaluation results more scientific and reliable.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Reclamation
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Coal - Coal mines - Coal reclamation - Cutting machines (mining) - Geographic information systems - Land reclamation - Land use - Mining - Subsidence  - Topography
Uncontrolled terms:Coal mining subsidences - Comprehensive extreme evaluation method - Evaluation indicators - Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process - Grey correlation analysis - Suitability analysis - Suitability evaluation - Weight distributions
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 442.2  Land Reclamation - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 502.1  Mine and Quarry Operations - 502.2  Mine and Quarry Equipment - 503.1  Coal Mines - 524  Solid Fuels - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use - 951  Materials Science - 961  Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.78e+00%, Percentage 3.35e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 7.90e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20193907477137
Title:Livestock carrying capacity estimation in wheat-corn production model of Huang-Huai-Hai Region considering planting-raising balance
Title of translation:&#32771;&#34385;&#31181;&#20859;&#24179;&#34913;&#30340;&#40644;&#28142;&#28023;&#23567;&#40614;-&#29577;&#31859;&#27169;&#24335;&#19979;&#30044;&#31165;&#25215;&#36733;&#37327;&#20272;&#31639;
Authors:Chu, Tianshu (1); Han, Lujia (1); Yang, Zengling (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Zengling(yangzengling@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:214-222
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Huang-Huai-Hai region is the major superiority area of planting industry and breeding industry in China. With the increasing attention to the rural environment problems caused by crop straw and livestock manures, it is important to analyze "raising by planting" in Huang-Huai-Hai region, realize agricultural waste comprehensive utilization, and implement green development. "Raising by planting" was the core idea of this paper. The "raising by planting" calculation methods were as follow. First, technical regulations for production of wheat-corn and field research results in Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces were used to summarize production model of wheat-corn in Huang-Huai-Hai region. So the conventional fertilization could be defined. According to test results of researches, this paper determined the amount of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manures. At the same time, thermophilic aerobic composting was chosen as techniques of livestock manure comprehensive utilization. The untreated amount of livestock manures was calculated. Then, the quantities of different species of livestock and poultry were calculated. According to the technical regulations, the amount of nitrogenous fertilizer were 532.5, 562.5 and 575 kg/hm² in Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces. The ratio of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manures was 30%. So the amount of replacement were 159.75, 168.75 and 172.5 kg/hm². At the same time, there were no influence on grain security after the replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manures. Due to the additional application of organic manures promoted soil nitrogen leaching risk, the environmental risk assessment of nitrogen in arable farmland was used. Nitrogen input mainly consisted of nitrogenous fertilizer, organic manure converted from livestock manures, seed, straw returning, atmospheric dry and wet deposition and irrigation water. Nitrogen output mainly consisted of grain and straw. Grade of environment risk in farmland in Hebei, Henan and Shandong provinces were all medium risk. Nitrogen loss rate of thermophilic aerobic composting fromlivestock and poultry manures was 42.26%. Other calculation parameters of livestock and poultry production, such as feeding period, population structure, were defined by many research papers. So in production model of wheat-corn in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, 6 dairy cows, or 18 beef cattle, or 47 to 51 swine, 731 to 789 laying hens or 8062 to 8705 broilers per hectare were land carrying capacity. Besides, at the field scale, various factors, such as soil fertility and soil microbial, might affect the ratio of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic manures. So more researches were needed in the amount of replacement. On account of medium environment risk in farmland, lowering the risks was necessary. Nitrogen input structure: 46.3% chemical fertilizer, 27.5% straw returning, 19.8% organic manure, 4.0% atmospheric dry and wet deposition, 2.0% irrigation water and 0.4% seed. So reducing straw returning was one of risk solutions. In simulation results, reducing corn stalk or wheat straw both lowered environment risk effectively. The results provide a reference for planting and raising combination in Huang-Huai-Hai region.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:90
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Atmospheric chemistry - Atmospheric structure - Crops - Deposition - Farms - Irrigation - Manures - Nitrogen fertilizers - Risk assessment - Soils  - Waste treatment - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Calculation parameters - Chemical fertilizers - Comprehensive utilizations - Dry and wet depositions - Environmental risk assessment - Huang-Huai-Hai region - Livestock and poultry breeding - Population structures
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.98e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.75e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 4.23e+01%, Percentage 4.63e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20193907477127
Title:Water-salt control and response of Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) root on coastal saline soil using drip irrigation with brackish water
Title of translation:&#28392;&#28023;&#37325;&#24230;&#30416;&#30897;&#22320;&#24494;&#21688;&#27700;&#28404;&#28748;&#27700;&#30416;&#35843;&#25511;&#21450;&#26376;&#23395;&#26681;&#31995;&#29983;&#38271;&#21709;&#24212;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Li, Xiaobin (1); Kang, Yuehu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:112-121
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Coastal saline land is an important resource in coastal area, with the development of urbanization process and ecological civilization construction, there is an urgent need to improve the landscape to meet the demand of living environments for cities and districts. Presently the main method of vegetation rehabilitation is to replace saline soil with non-saline soil for depths of 0-100 cm. However, this method is expensive and unsustainable due to the shallow and saline groundwater, thus a technology of low cost, rapid and sustainable for re-vegetation on coastal saline land is needed. A common practice for reclaiming salt-affected soils is leaching of soils to move excess soluble salts from upper to lower soil depths or out of the root zone, while large scale of salt leaching will consume large quantities of water, and supplies of fresh water are already low in coastal regions, thus likely saline water rich in coastal regions are alternatives to freshwater resources. For the landscape construction in coastal saline land and saline/ brackish water utilization, a field experiment was conducted on the sandy saline soil formed by sea reclamation at Caofeidian District near the Bohai Gulf in 2012-2014. Five treatments of salinity levels of 0.8, 3.1, 4.7, 6.3 and 7.8dS/m of irrigation water was imposed. A gravel-sand layer was created at 100 cm depth. Tensiometers were buried at a depth of 20 cm to control the soil matric potential (SMP), keeping the SMP over - 5 kPa at first year, and over -10 kPa at second year, and over -15 kPa at third year. Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) was chosen as the representative plant. Salt leaching characters and root growth and distribution were studied. The results showed that: under the climatic condition in the coastal area of Bohai Gulf, when fresh water was applied using drip irrigation for salt enhanced leaching and seedling establishment first in a short period, and then followed drip irrigation with water salinity &lt;7.8 dS/m, soil salinity decreased significantly in 0-100 cm soil profile, especially in 0-40 cm soil profile, soil salinity decreased from 28.33 dS/m to &lt;4 dS/m taking one month. Irrigation water depth for soil salinity decreased from 28.33 dS/m to 4 dS/m in 0-40 cm soil profile for &lt;7.8 dS/m irrigation water salinity were 160-220 mm, and 8-20 mm of water depth is needed for soil salinity of 1 dS/m decreasing. The soil desalting process can be described by the logistic equation, and it can be divided into three stages including rapid desalting, slow desalting and salinity stabilization. More than 94% of the roots are mainly distributed in the topsoil of 0-20 cm. The root biomass decreased significantly with irrigation water salinity increasing, and the root is affected by the physiological drought of salinity stress to expand the water space in the deep soil. More winter irrigation water depth needed when there is less rainfall after October to prevent salt accumulation in topsoil in the spring of next year. The method of drip irrigation with fresh water for salt enhanced and seedling establishment in a short-term and subsequent drip irrigation with saline/ brackish water can be used to realize the rapid salt leaching and maintain lower soil salinity, but the appropriate irrigation water salinity threshold should be determined in combination with salt tolerance of plant and the production target as root growth suffered salt stress and thus affect the growth of plant and its survival.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Saline water
Controlled terms:Coastal zones - Costs - Desalination - Ecology - Groundwater - Irrigation - Land reclamation - Leaching - Salts - Soils  - Stabilization - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Brackish water - Coastal saline soils - Root - Salt leaching - Soil matric potential
Classification code:442.2  Land Reclamation - 444  Water Resources - 444.2  Groundwater - 445.1  Water Treatment Techniques - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 471  Marine Science and Oceanography - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 911  Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.40e+01%, Pressure -1.00e+04Pa, Pressure -1.50e+04Pa, Pressure 5.00e+03Pa, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.60e-01m to 2.20e-01m, Size 8.00e-03m to 2.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.013
Funding details:  Number: 162, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;
Funding text:76&#65293;82. Chu Linlin, Kang Yaohu, Chen Xiulong, et al. Effect of watering intensity on characteristics of water and salt movement under sprinkle irrigation in coastal soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2013, 29(7): 76&#65293; 82. (in Chinese with English abstract) [3] Li Xiaobin, Kang Yaohu, Wan Shuqin, et al. Reclamation of very heavy coastal saline soil using drip irrigation with saline water on salt-sensitive plants[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2015, 146: 159&#65293;173. [4] &#26417;&#37329;&#31860;&#65292;&#37101;&#19990;&#25991;&#65292;&#26472;&#27704;&#21033;&#65292;&#31561;. &#22825;&#27941;&#28392;&#28023;&#24320;&#21457;&#21306;&#32511;&#22320;&#22303;&#22756; &#30416;&#20998;&#26102;&#31354;&#21464;&#24322;&#29305;&#24449;[J]. &#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#25253;&#65292;2016&#65292;32(&#22686;&#21002;2)&#65306; 161&#65293;168. Zhu Jindi, Guo Shiwen, Yang Yongli, et al. Temporal-spatial variability of soil salinity in greenspace of Tianjin Binhai Economic-Technological Development Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2016, 32(Supp.2): 161&#65293;168. (in Chinese with English abstract) [5] &#26446;&#21697;&#33459;&#65292;&#26472;&#27704;&#21033;&#65292;&#20848;&#22825;&#65292;&#31561;. &#22825;&#27941;&#28392;&#28023;&#30416;&#28173;&#22303;&#23458;&#22303;&#25913;&#33391;&#21518; &#30340;&#22303;&#22756;&#29702;&#21270;&#24615;&#36136;&#19982;&#25345;&#27700;&#29305;&#24615;[J]. &#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#25253;&#65292;2017&#65292; 33(7)&#65306;149&#65293;156. Li Pinfang, Yang Yongli, Lan Tian, et al. Physicochemical properties and water holding characteristics of Tianjin coastal saline soil improved by foreign soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE), 2017, 33(7): 149&#65293;156. (in Chinese with English abstract) [6] &#21608;&#21644;&#24179;&#65292;&#24464;&#23567;&#27874;&#65292;&#29579;&#23569;&#20029;&#65292;&#31561;. &#30416;&#30897;&#22320;&#25913;&#33391;&#25216;&#26415;&#32508;&#36848;&#19982;&#19968;&#31181; &#26032;&#30340;&#30740;&#31350;&#27169;&#24335;&#23637;&#26395;[J]. &#20013;&#22269;&#31185;&#23398;&#22522;&#37329;&#65292;2012&#65292;3&#65306;157&#65293;162. Zhou Heping, Xu Xiaobo, Wang Shaoli, et al. Review of saline-alkali land improvement techniques in China and prospects of a new approach[J]. Bulletin of National Natural Science Foundation of China, 2012, 3: 157&#65293;162. (in Chinese with English abstract) [7] &#24247;&#36291;&#34382;. &#24494;&#28748;&#19982;&#21487;&#25345;&#32493;&#20892;&#19994;&#21457;&#23637;[J]. &#20892;&#19994;&#24037;&#31243;&#23398;&#25253;&#65292;1998&#65292; 14(&#22686;&#21002;)&#65306;251&#65293;256. [8] &#21525;&#27583;&#38738;&#65292;&#29579;&#20840;&#20061;&#65292;&#29579;&#25991;&#28976;. &#28404;&#28748;&#26465;&#20214;&#19979;&#22303;&#22756;&#27700;&#30416;&#36816;&#31227;&#29305;&#24615;

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20193907477236
Title:Nitrogen utilization efficiency of rice straw and effect of nitrogen regulation technology on yield in meadow albic soil
Title of translation:&#33609;&#30008;&#30333;&#27974;&#22303;&#31291;&#31174;&#27694;&#21033;&#29992;&#25928;&#29575;&#21450;&#27694;&#32032;&#35843;&#25511;&#23545;&#27700;&#31291;&#20135;&#37327;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wang, Qiuju (1, 2); Jiao, Feng (3); Liu, Feng (1); Chi, Fengqin (1); Jiang, Hui (4); Li, Pengfei (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (4) Office of Academic Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (5) Qinjin Farm Modern Agricultural Development Center, Fujin; 156331, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, Feng(jiaofeng1980@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:86-94
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Straw returning to the filed can not only improve soil fertility, but also alleviate the imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improve crop yield and quality, and reduce the cost of agricultural production. Rice straw is decomposed gradually by microorganisms in the soil, which can release nitrogen to the soil for rice growth. Nitrogen released from straw can be divided into expended nitrogen and nitrogen retained in soil. Expended nitrogen can be further divided into nitrogen absorbed by plant and lost nitrogen. ¹⁵N tracer technology is an effective means to study the nitrogen budget of farmland, by which we can accurately grasp the status of nitrogen utilization and residue, and analyze the nitrogen utilization efficiency of straw. Understanding the utilization rate of straw nitrogen is the premise of fertilization regulation and control. Heilongjiang Province still lacks the utilization rate of nitrogen in rice straw and the technical achievements of nitrogen regulation and control under straw returning conditions. In this paper, we take Qianjin Farm(132&deg;17'E,47&deg;34'N), Sanjiang Plain as test site and the albic soil as the test soil. we conduct a series of experiments during nitrogen regulation and control period including ¹⁵N straw labeling tracer test and straw returning nitrogen optimization test, the utilization rate of nitrogen in straw after rice straw returns to the albic soil is defined and the optimized application technology of nitrogen fertilizer after rice straw returns to the albic soil is summarized, so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimized application of nitrogen fertilizer after straw returns to the field. The results showed that, according to ¹⁵N isotope tracer, the contribution rate of straw nitrogen in the albic soil to rice plant nitrogen accumulation was 6.49%-7.48%, 3.26%-4.16% to stem and leaf nitrogen accumulation, 8.67%-9.74% to seed; the total nitrogen use efficiency of straw was 6.51%-7.65% in the current year, and the adjustment of C/N ratio was beneficial to improving straw nitrogen utilization rate. Field experiments showed that the nitrogen application rate under straw returning was 10% lower than that under conventional nitrogen application for three consecutive years, and the field with good drainage had the effect of increasing yield, with the average yield increase by 6.17% for three years, and the yield with the reduction of nitrogen by more than 20% was low and unstable. Balanced and basal nitrogen reduction was suitable in nitrogen reduction period, and the yield was reduced significantly in case of fertilizer for tillering and panicle with nitrogen reduction; the field with poor drainage was not suitable for nitrogen reduction, otherwise, it led to yield reduction. There are differences in nitrogen regulation and control after straw returns to different kinds of soil. The corresponding measures for nitrogen management should be formulated according to soil conditions.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Budget control - Efficiency - Nitrogen - Seed - Soils - Straw - Trace analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Corresponding measures - Nitrogen application rates - Nitrogen regulation - Nitrogen utilization - Nitrogen utilization efficiencies - Yield - ^15N marker
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801  Chemistry - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 6.17e+00%, Percentage 6.49e+00% to 7.48e+00%, Percentage 6.51e+00% to 7.65e+00%, Percentage 8.67e+00% to 9.74e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20193907477152
Title:Effect of coexistence of Na⁺ and K⁺ on sludge properties and microbial community structure in A²/O process
Title of translation:Na⁺&#21644;K⁺&#20849;&#23384;&#23545;A²/O&#24037;&#33402;&#33073;&#27694;&#38500;&#30967;&#25928;&#26524;&#21450;&#27745;&#27877;&#24615;&#36136;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zhang, Lanhe (1, 2); Zheng, Jing (1); Tian, Rui (1); Chen, Zicheng (1); Guo, Jingbo (3); Jia, Yanping (1); Li, Zheng (1); Zhang, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun; 130118, China; (3) School of Civil and Architecture Engineerin, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin; 132012, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zicheng(chenzicheng@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:206-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A large amount of salty wastewater is produced from industrial processes such as food processing, tanning, textiles, aquaculture and oil production. After the salty wastewater entered the activated sludge system and contacted with the activated sludge, the sedimentation, microbial activity and community structure of activated sludge were influenced, which could result in the change of pollutant removal efficiency. A²/O process could achieve simultaneously nitrogen and phosphorus removal, but it was unclear how Na⁺ and K⁺ influenced the microbial communities and the removal efficiency of pollutants in the anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones. In order to reveal the removal mechanism of the pollutants and the characteristics of activated sludge in the biological treatment system under the coexisting multiple metal ions, the effect of the coexisting Na⁺ and K⁺ on the removal efficiency of pollutants was investigated and the properties of sludge and microbial community in the anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Combined with the changes of removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and sludge properties, the succession regulation of dominant populations were explored based on the analysis of microbial community structure under different Na⁺/K⁺ molar ratios to distinguish the effect of the coexistence of Na⁺ and K⁺ on the removal efficiency of the pollutants in the salty wastewater from the point of microorganisms. The results showed that when the influent Na⁺/K⁺ molar ratio was 2, 1 and 0.5, the removal efficiencies of COD were 80%, 84% and 86%, respectively. The removal efficiencies of TN were 73%, 77% and 80%, respectively. The increase of K⁺ concentration alleviated the inhibition of Na⁺ on the removal efficiency of COD and TN. The release rates of TP in anaerobic areas were 70%, 73% and 74%, respectively. The phosphorus uptake rates in the anoxic zone were 53%, 55% and 58%, respectively. The phosphorus uptake rates in the oxic zone were 70%, 72% and 75%, respectively. The Zeta potential in anaerobic zone is -25.4, -23.2 and -14.7 mV, respectively. The Zeta potential in the anoxic zone is -33.0, -26.6 and -13.7 mV and the Zeta potential in oxic zone is -30.4, -18.6 and -11.0 mV, respectively. The positive charge adsorbed by sludge floc increased. Moreover, the biological flocculation of sludge increased gradually and the deflocculation ability of Na⁺ was inhibited. The richness and diversity of microbial communities in anaerobic, anoxic and oxic zones decreased and the differences of microbial communities were significant. The relative abundance of Proteus increased by about 30% and the relative abundance of Bacteroides phylum and Chloroflexi decreased gradually. As the dominant genera, the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing Thauera and Azoarcus gradually increased and the proportion of unknown bacteria decreased, which were beneficial to the removal of pollutants. Therefore, the increase of K⁺ concentration contributed to increase the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus under the coexistence of Na⁺ and K⁺. It was also beneficial to the improvement of dehydrogenase activity of sludge in anoxic zone and oxic zone and the enhancement of particle size and flocculation ability (FA) of sludge.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Activated sludge process - Anoxic water - Bioreactors - Efficiency - Flocculation - Food processing - Metal ions - Metals - Microorganisms - Molar ratio  - Multiple zones - Nitrogen - Nitrogen fixation - Oils and fats - Ostwald ripening - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Phosphorus - Pollution - Wastewater  - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Activated sludge systems - Biological treatment systems - High-throughput sequencing - Microbial community structures - Nitrogen and phosphorus removal - Pollutant removal efficiency - Salinity - Sludge
Classification code:452.2  Sewage Treatment - 452.3  Industrial Wastes - 461.8  Biotechnology - 461.9  Biology - 512.1.1  Oil Fields - 531.1  Metallurgy - 801.3  Colloid Chemistry - 802  Chemical Apparatus and Plants; Unit Operations; Unit Processes - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 913.1  Production Engineering - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.20e+01%, Percentage 7.30e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Voltage -1.10e-02V, Voltage -1.37e-02V, Voltage -1.47e-02V
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20193907477159
Title:Effects of solute types and degree of mineralization on salt ions in soil release solution
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#28342;&#36136;&#21450;&#30719;&#21270;&#24230;&#23545;&#22303;&#22756;&#28342;&#28082;&#30416;&#31163;&#23376;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Guo, Quanen (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yiquan (2); Nan, Lili (4); Li, Baoguo (3); Cao, Shiyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Soil Fertilizer and Water-Saving Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (4) Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:105-111
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Water resource shortage has become an important limiting factor for the agricultural production in arid areas in Northwest China. The efficient utilization of brackish water resources is of great importance significance for food safety in irrigated areas. However, the influence of irrigation with different solute type and mineralization on salty ions in soil solution during the release water process is unknown. In the study, the soil samples were collected from orchard calcareous soil in Qin'an County of Gansu Province. The content of soil organic matter was 10.52 g/kg and pH was 8.54. Soil electrical conductivity was 0.43 mS/cm. The contents of HCO<inf>3</inf>^-, Cl^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺ were 0.85, 0.16, 0.14, 0.24, 0.06, 0.05, 0.13 g/kg, respectively. The content of calcium carbonate was 134.8g/kg. Soil texture classification was based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture system and the soil texture was a silty clay loam, which has 25.2% sand, 53.9% silt, and 20.9% clay. The influences of two sodium salts (NaCl, Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>) with different mineralization degrees (1, 3, 5, 10 g/L) on salt ion composition in soil solution were explored with the dehydration centrifugal method under different water suction conditions (pF 1.01, 1.49, 2.01, 2.71, 3.49, and 4.09), distilled water was used as control. The results showed that the influences of NaCl and Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> on electrical conductivity, HCO<inf>3</inf>^-, Cl^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺ and Na⁺ in soil release solution were significant (p&lt;0.05) or extremely significant (p&lt;0.01). The influences of NaCl and Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> with the same salinity on salt ions in soil release solution were different. The ability of Cl^- to replace HCO<inf>3</inf>^- was better than SO<inf>4</inf>^2- to replace HCO<inf>3</inf>^- in soil solution of treatments with 1 g/L of NaCl and 1 g/L of Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>. When soil water tension (pF) was less than 2.01, the NaCl solution with the degree of mineralization more than 3 g/L promoted the dissociation of the Ca²⁺ in soil solution and the promoting effects of dissociation increased with the increase of salinity. When soil water tension (pF) was more than 2.01, Cl^- and SO<inf>4</inf>^2- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of HCO<inf>3</inf>^- in soil solution and Cl^- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of SO<inf>4</inf>^2- in soil solution, and SO<inf>4</inf>^2- in irrigation water inhibited the dissociation of Cl^-, NaCl solution (the degree of mineralization of was 1 g/L) inhibited the dissociation of Ca²⁺ in soil solution. NaCl and Na<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf> in irrigation water promoted the dissociation of Mg²⁺ in soil solution. Therefore, from the viewpoints of the improvement salinized soil using brackish water, for sodic-saline soils, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of Cl^- and SO<inf>4</inf>^2-. For sulfate saline soil, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of Cl^-. For chloride soils, it was possible to irrigate with brackish water containing the mostly of SO<inf>4</inf>^2-. The study could provide the basis for restraining soil salts in brackish water irrigation in arid regions.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Sulfur compounds
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Calcium carbonate - Dissociation - Economic geology - Electric conductivity - Ions - Irrigation - Magnesium compounds - Mineralogy - Saline water  - Sodium chloride - Sodium sulfate - Soil moisture - Soils - Solutions - Textures - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Electrical conductivity - Mineralization degree - Saline water irrigations - Soil electrical conductivity - Solute type - U.s. department of agricultures - Water suction
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 482  Mineralogy - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 701.1  Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 4.30e-02S/m, Mass_Density 1.00e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 2.09e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 5.39e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20193907477224
Title:Evaluation on pyrolysis characteristics of straw in rotary kiln
Title of translation:&#28909;&#35299;&#28201;&#24230;&#23545;&#22238;&#36716;&#31377;&#29577;&#31859;&#31224;&#31174;&#28909;&#35299;&#20135;&#29289;&#29702;&#21270;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Hu, Erfeng (1); Wu, Juan (2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Tang, Sen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning &amp; Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing; 210042, China; (3) Kunming University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming; 650093, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:233-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Hebei is a largely agricultural province in northern China, and the crop straw amount was 58.42 million in 2017. Pyrolysis technology is an important way to realize the utilization of crop straw resources. The biochar produced also plays an important role in soil improvement, heavy metal adsorption, and water purification, especially it can regulate soil pH value and effectively alleviate soil acidification and alkalinity and other organic matter content. Pyrolysis gas can be used for heating in the north and alleviating the pollution caused by the use of a large number of inferior loose coal in rural areas. Pyrolysis liquids and wood vinegar can be used as fuels or chemical raw materials. Therefore, the pyrolysis technology has received extensive attention from experts at home and abroad. To investigate the pyrolysis characteristics of corn straw under different temperature conditions and analyze the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis products, this paper proposed a rotary kiln. The results showed that increasing pyrolysis temperature raised the yields of pyrolysis liquid products and water, but decreased the yield and high heating value (HHV) of biochar. The tar yield increased first and then decreased with the rising of temperature. When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 to 700&#8451;, the tar yield rose from 12.21% to 21.70%, when the temperature increased to 800&#8451;, the tar yield reduced to 20.13%. The tar HHV escalated from 19 974.0 to 21 710.0 kJ/kg with the increase in pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 800&#8451;. More oxygen-containing heterocyclic structures such as hydroxyl and carbonyl groups gradually decomposed with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, thus raising the tar HHV. However, the excessively high temperature exacerbated the secondary reaction of volatiles, and therefore reduced the tar yield. The pyrolysis gas volume, H<inf>2</inf> and CH<inf>4</inf> content increased with the rising of temperature, but the biochar yield and HHV decreased, while biochar pH value and C/N ratio presented an increasing trend. The increase of pyrolysis temperature gradually increased the C/N ratio of biochar, and the corresponding biochar H/O decreased, which was mainly due to the escape of a large amount of volatiles during pyrolysis. When the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 to 800&#8451;, the C/N ratio of biochar increased from 21.02 to 28.60. When the pyrolysis temperature was 600&#8451;, the C/N ratio of biochar was 24.85, which was suitable for composting process and production of carbon-based fertilizer. The results of this study provide a reference for biochar application in agricultural production and composting of agricultural wastes.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Pyrolysis
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Alkalinity - Chemical analysis - Chemicals removal (water treatment) - Crops - Heavy metals - Organic compounds - pH - Rotary kilns - Soils  - Straw - Tar - Temperature - Waste treatment - Wood fuels
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Chemical raw materials - Heavy metal adsorption - Heterocyclic structures - Organic matter content - Physical and chemical properties - Pyrolysis characteristics - Temperature conditions
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 524  Solid Fuels - 531  Metallurgy and Metallography - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 642.2  Industrial Furnaces and Components - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.22e+01% to 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.01e+01%, Specific_Energy 7.10e+05J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20193907477220
Title:Spatial distribution variation of rural settlements in Damao Banner of Baotou City and its impact factors
Title of translation:&#21253;&#22836;&#24066;&#36798;&#33538;&#26071;&#23621;&#27665;&#28857;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24067;&#21464;&#21270;&#21450;&#20854;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Zhou, Haitao (1, 2); Ning, Xiaoli (1); Na, Xiaodong (2); Zhang, Xuefeng (1); Li, Wanjun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Baotou Teachers' College, Inner Mongolia University of Science &amp; Technology, Baotou; 014030, China; (2) Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin; 150025, China
Corresponding author:Ning, Xiaoli(ningxl2003@aliyun.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:276-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grasping the change rule and the distribution of rural settlements in farming-pastoral zone has significant meaning to rectifying residential areas, optimizing layout, and implementing rural revitalization strategic planning. This paper took Damao Banner of Baotou city in Inner Mongolia, a typical farming-pastoral ecotone in the north of Yinshan Mountain, as the study region, and we used historical data materials such as land cover types, toponymy records, scoio-economic data came from the Statistical Yearbook of Damao Banner in 1996, 2012 and 2016, based on Kernel density analysis and model of Gravity Migration to explore and reveal the spatial distribution characteristics and evolution of rural settlements. Meanwhile, its influencing factors mainly include elevation, slope, aspect, distance to water, distance to road, distance to towns, national culture, population and government policies, etc. We analyzed the intrinsic relationship between the spatial distribution of the rural settlements and the factors by using GIS (geographic information system) spatial analysis software. The results showed that: 1) the distribution characteristic of rural settlements in Damao Banner in 2012 was obvious, reaching a peak of 1.416/km². From 1996 to 2016, the distribution center of Damao Banner' rural settlements moved to the southeast and gradually approached Bailingmiao Town. 2) The influence of DEM and slope on the distribution of rural settlements was inverted U-shaped. It increased first and then decreased gradually. The peak value of DEM was 1 400-1 600 m, and the peak value of slope was 3.056&deg;-5.446&deg;. The choice of aspect was gradually inclined to the south aspect, southwest aspect and the proportion increased year by year, but some rural settlements were still distributed on the shady aspect, for example north aspect and northeast aspect, which was affected by geographical environment, national culture, and government policy. The spatial distribution of the rural settlements of Damao Banner did not show obvious near-water characteristic in terms of the distance to water area, but they mostly distributed in 7-10 km away from the water. 3) The road distance showed obvious near-road orientation. In 2016, the number of rural settlements distributed within the range of 0-1 000 m from the road accounted for 98.77%, indicating that the roads and settlements had mutual influence and interaction. Traffic significantly changed the spatial pattern of the rural settlements, and had evident distance attenuation effect. The number of the spatial distribution of rural settlements occupied the largest proportion when it was 20-40 km away from the town in 2012 and 2016. It meant that the radiation effect of central town on rural settlements was limited to a certain extent, and the spatial distribution of rural settlements was far away from central town. In agricultural region and pastoral region of Damao Banner, the number of rural settlements had different characteristics with their population. In 1996 and 2016, the number of Mongolian population in the pastoral region was significantly positively correlated with the number of rural settlements. The Mongolian nomadic culture promoted the distribution of residential areas with a highly dispersed feature of "Giant Stars". Also government policies had an important impact on the spatial distribution and pattern of rural settlements in Damao Banner. Therefore, the results of this study can provide a reference for rectifying residential areas, optimizing layout, and implementing rural revitalization strategic planning in these ethnic areas.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Giant stars - Housing - Information use - Public policy - Roads and streets - Rural areas - Strategic planning
Uncontrolled terms:Analysis and modeling - Damao Banner - Distribution characteristics - Geographical environment - GIS (geographic information system) - Influencing factor - Settlements - Water characteristics
Classification code:403.1  Urban Planning and Development - 406.2  Roads and Streets - 657.2  Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena - 903.3  Information Retrieval and Use - 912.2  Management - 921  Mathematics - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.88e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+03m, Size 1.40e+03m to 1.60e+03m, Size 2.00e+04m to 4.00e+04m, Size 7.00e+03m to 1.00e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20193907477154
Title:Design of compound machine for rice straw collecting and continuous baling
Title of translation:&#27700;&#31291;&#31224;&#31174;&#25910;&#38598;&#19982;&#36830;&#32493;&#25171;&#25414;&#22797;&#24335;&#20316;&#19994;&#26426;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Xie, Wei (1, 2, 3); Li, Xu (1, 2); Fang, Zhichao (1); Quan, Wei (1, 2); Luo, Haifeng (1, 2, 3); Wu, Mingliang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in South China, Changsha; 410128, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Mingliang(mlwu@hunau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:19-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A large number of rice "standing-stalk" and "stubble" will remain in the paddy field after the rice is harvested by a combined harvester. At present, the harvest rate of rice "standing-stalk" and "stubble" remained in the paddy field after joint harvest using single baling machine is low. The single baling machine is usually pulled by a tractor which causes intermittent collection and baling of stubble in paddy field. The working efficiency of traditional baling machine is low due to the halt of the baling machine when unloading the baling wire. In this paper, threshing and cleaning device and the grain tank in existing rice and wheat combine harvester were replaced with round baling device. The rice and wheat combine harvester, in which threshing and cleaning device and grain tank were disassembled, was used as the self-propelled tracked collection platform. A design idea of setting collecting device at the exit of conveying groove and the feed port of baling device as cache area and using round baling device as the main working part was put forward to solve the problem of discontinuity caused by the round baling device failing to feed during the unloading of bales. The collecting device was set at the position of the original threshing device directly behind the conveying groove, straw thrown from the conveyor groove was fed to the baling machine's transfer area after passing through the cache area, and the bottom part of the collecting box of the material collecting device was successively arranged with the brush rod and the conveying auger. The round baling device was set directly behind the cab, and the rotary shaft of the spring-tooth picking machine located in the feeding port was installed in parallel with the conveying auger shaft, which not only ensured the connection between the outlet of the collecting box and the feeding port of the round baling machine, but also realized the reasonable configuration of the center of gravity of the whole machine and improved the passing ability of the whole machine. In this way, a rice straw continuous collection and baling machine used in paddy field and with functions of harvest, pickup, collect, bale and bundle was developed, which realized the multi-use of the combined harvester and reduced the cost. The whole machine adopted mechatronics technology. An automatic control system of loading and unloading of baling was designed. The six-way commutator switch was adopted as the sensing and detection component, which simplified the operating process of the manipulator, ensured the automatic operation and monitoring of the whole loading and unloading process, and effectively improved the working efficiency of key components. The structure and motion parameters of each functional component were optimized and the whole machine was finally coordinated and working continuously and efficiently. The continuous collection and baling requirements of rice straw in paddy field including "standing-stalk" cutting, stubble picking, collecting, baling and binding can be completed at one time. The field performance test showed that the performance of the whole machine was safe and reliable. Under the working conditions on working gear, the faster the operation speed, the shorter the time of collecting a straw bale, the shorter the compression time of rice straw bale in the bundling room, the higher the efficiency of bundling, but the worse the specification degree of cylinder. After a continuous operation of 3.4 h at medium speed, the binding rate was 98%, the operating efficiency was 0.4 hm²/h, and the harvest rate of straw was 95%. All other technical indicators met the relevant standards and requirements of agricultural work were met. This study provides a reference for improving the utilization rate of straw after mechanized harvest and realizing the multi-use of one agricultural machine in agricultural production.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Collector efficiency
Controlled terms:Augers - Automation - Combines - Control systems - Crops - Design - Efficiency - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Harvesting  - Mechanization - Tanks (containers) - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Baler - Collecting device - Continuity - Rice straws - Standards and requirements - Structure and motions - Wheat combine harvesters
Classification code:502.2  Mine and Quarry Equipment - 601  Mechanical Design - 619.2  Tanks - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 702.3  Solar Cells - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 731.1  Control Systems - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.80e+01%, Time 1.22e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20193907477257
Title:Power quality assessment for rural rooftop photovoltaic access system based on analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method
Title of translation:&#23618;&#27425;&#20998;&#26512;&#27861;&#32467;&#21512;&#29109;&#26435;&#27861;&#35780;&#20272;&#20892;&#26449;&#23627;&#39030;&#20809;&#20239;&#31995;&#32479;&#30005;&#33021;&#36136;&#37327;
Authors:Li, Feng (1); Sun, Bo (1); Wang, Xuan (1); Lei, Wenbao (1); Jiang, Haifeng (2); Zou, Delong (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Grid Huaian Power Supply Company, Huaian; 223002, China; (2) School of Automation, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210094, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Haifeng(jianghaifeng@njust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:159-166
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The promotion of rural roof photovoltaic project has been strongly supported by the national policy, but because of the instability of light intensity, the output of photovoltaic is intermittent and volatile, and the instability of photovoltaic output causes great impact on the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access, so the power quality of distribution network after photovoltaic access becomes very important. The construction of judgment matrix is an important step in power quality evaluation. Because the judgment of the importance degree between two power quality indicators is a relatively vague concept, it is difficult to define clearly. Therefore, there are some differences in the judgment of the importance degree between the indicators from the experts. How to unify the opinions of the experts is the problem to be solved in the construction of judgment matrix. In this paper, the D-S evidence theory was used to fuse the different judgment opinions of experts on the importance of various electric energy indicators to form a judgment matrix, which could avoid the risk of inaccurate evaluation results caused by single expert's misjudgment. Then the weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained by analytic hierarchy process. In order to reduce the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results, the entropy weight method was introduced to improve the analytic hierarchy process. The probability matrix of each power quality index was analyzed by the method of entropy weight, and the entropy weight distribution of each power quality index was obtained. The two weight allocations were synthesized. The composite weight coefficient reduced the interference of subjective factors on the evaluation results. At the same time, the paper improved the shortcomings of the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method, which not only avoided the steps of consistency checking in the analytic hierarchy process, simplified the calculation, but also solved the disadvantage of the traditional entropy weight method that when the entropy value approached to a minimum, the difference of the entropy value would cause the double changes of the entropy weight. Finally, the final power quality evaluation results were obtained by using probability theory and combining the comprehensive weight and the probability matrix of each power quality index. The simulation results showed that when the three-phase unbalance index and voltage offset index changed dramatically, the weight of the two indexes could be increased from 0.067 and 0.183 to 0.164 and 0.192 by the proposed method, and the final evaluation result could also be increased from 2.323 to 2.679. From the weight coefficient, it showed that the drastic change of the two factors was the main factor affecting power quality. Therefore, the proposed method is more suitable for rural distribution network system with large fluctuation of power quality indicators than the traditional power quality assessment method.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Entropy - Power quality - Probability distributions - Quality assurance - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:D S evidence theory - Entropy weight method - Photovoltaic - Power quality assessment - Power quality evaluation - Power quality indices - Probability matrixes - Rural distribution networks
Classification code:641.1  Thermodynamics - 706.1.2  Electric Power Distribution - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 922.1  Probability Theory - 961  Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20193907477182
Title:Effects of sunshade net on environment of fenced feed lot and physiological characteristics of beef cattle in northwest China in summer
Title of translation:&#36974;&#38451;&#32593;&#23545;&#35199;&#21271;&#22320;&#21306;&#22799;&#23395;&#22260;&#26639;&#29275;&#22330;&#29615;&#22659;&#21644;&#32905;&#29275;&#29983;&#29702;&#29305;&#24449;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1, 2); Xiong, Haozhe (1, 2); Zhang, Xiaxia (1); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Lin, Liang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Gansu Qilian Pastoral Industry Co., Ltd., Zhangye; 734000, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:175-181
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the effects of sunshade net applied in fenced feed lot in northwest China to alleviate heat stress of beef cattle in summer, this paper was conducted to measure environmental parameters, and recorded the physiological characteristics of beef cattle to evaluate the environment of fenced feed lot in different periods. This test was in Zhangye city, Gansu province (38.55 &deg;N, 100.26 &deg;E). The experiment was conducted from June 2018 to July of the same year. The fence feed lot was 198 m long and 100 m wide. There were 4 rows of cattle pens in the feed lot, each row had 11 columns. The length of each pen was 18 m and the width of 18 m. 2 black plastic shading nets were installed along the diagonal of the second row of cattle hurdles, with a light transmittance of about 40%, providing a shading area of 5.4 m² for each cattle. Each stall was provided with a drinking tank for beef cattle to drink freely, and the feeding method was manual feeding at 8:00 and 17:00. 12 Simmental crossbred beef cattle with red and white coats were kept in each stall. Measurement parameters included temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, solar radiation intensity, skin temperature of beef cattle, respiration rate and behavior of beef cattle. Each environmental index was measured 3 times a day at 7:00, 14:00 and 19:00, and denoted as morning, afternoon and evening respectively. 3 stalls in the second row were selected for the recording of environmental parameters. The results showed that the microclimate environment under the shading net was relatively comfortable, which could provide a suitable feeding environment for beef cattle and improve animal welfare. At noon, the environment in the no shaded area would cause great heat stress to the cattle. The mean values of THI<inf>adj</inf>(adjusted temperature-humidity index, THI<inf>adj</inf>), BGHI(black globe-humidity Index, BGHI) and HLI(heat load index, HLI) were 86.24, 92.98 and 93.89 respectively, all of which exceeded their upper critical values. However, sun shade net could decrease 87% of the solar radiation, decrease the temperature by 3.95 &#8451; at the same time, meanwhile decrease black-globe temperature by 19.9%, and also can transfer the environment from severe heat stress into a moderate heat stress state. Through the behavior of beef cattle, it is believed that due to the level of heat stress, the main behaviors of beef cattle were different. The percentage of lying behavior of beef cattle increased from 14.21% to 59.9% (P&lt;0.01), while the percentage of standing behavior decreased from 64.5 % to 29.7% (P&lt;0.01). It was observed that the behavior of lying mostly occurred in the shade area at noon. In addition to the significantly increased proportion of lying behavior, the cattle were more inclined to move in the shelter area. Therefore, we considered that the sunshade net could improve the environment in summer and reduce the degree of heat stress. The outcome of various environmental comprehensive parameters on the physiological characteristics of beef cattle indicated that in this experiment, solar radiation was the main factor affecting the physiological characteristics of beef cattle. Black-globe temperature in no sunshade net area had the highest correlation with beef cattle skin temperature and their respiratory rate, correlation coefficients were 0.53 and 0.20 respectively. According to comparing the environment and the change of the beef cattle physical characteristics, the results indicated that the sunshade net reduced the beef cattle heat stress level mainly by reducing the radiation from the sun, improved the environment condition of the beef cattle. Thus, it could help to maintain the performance of beef cattle, improve the animal welfare at the same time. This study can provide a reference for the application effect of sunshade net in beef cattle industry in China.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Beef
Controlled terms:Animals - Cooling - Feeding - Parameter estimation - Physiological models - Physiology - Solar radiation - Sun hoods - Temperature - Thermal stress  - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Beef cattle - Environment - Heat stress - Physical characteristics - Physiological characteristics - Solar radiation intensity - Sunshade net - Temperature humidity index
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 461.9  Biology - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 641.2  Heat Transfer - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 822.3  Food Products - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Area 5.40e+00m2, Percentage 1.99e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%, Size 1.00e+02m, Size 1.80e+01m, Size 1.98e+02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20193907477208
Title:Retrieval of winter wheat nitrogen content based on UAV digital image
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#25968;&#30721;&#24433;&#20687;&#30340;&#20908;&#23567;&#40614;&#27694;&#21547;&#37327;&#21453;&#28436;
Authors:Liu, Shuaibing (1, 2); Yang, Guijun (1, 4); Jing, Haitao (3); Feng, Haikuan (1, 4); Li, Heli (1, 4); Chen, Peng (1, 3); Yang, Wenpan (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Remote Sensing Mechanism and Quantitative Remote Sensing Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agricultural, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Electronic Information School, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (3) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineer, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (4) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agricultural, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Guijun(yanggj@nercita.org.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:75-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Accurate and rapid acquisition of nitrogen content of winter wheat in critical growth period plays an important role in decision-making of nitrogen fertilization in field. Using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with digital camera, the growth information of winter wheat can be obtained in a short time, and the dynamic monitoring of nitrogen content of winter wheat can be realized. In this study, three thresholding segmentation methods were used to separate the field plant crops from the soil background based on the digital image of winter wheat UAV in Xiaotangshan, Beijing, in 2015. By comparing the timeliness and accuracy of image segmentation methods, the visible-band difference vegetation index (VDVI) was finally determined to extract vegetation information. According to the requirements of the experiment scheme, winter wheat was divided into 48 material plots by three repeated experiments under different nitrogen and water stress management. In order to increase the difference of crop nitrogen content in each experimental plot, two different varieties of wheat were planted, and different water and nitrogen supply were added at the same time. Each treatment scheme was repeated three times. A total of 48 experimental plots were designed. The planting area of each plot was 48 m&sup2;. Draw lessons from construction method of hyperspectral vegetation Index, 25 vegetation indices were constructed according to the average DN (digital number) values of red, green and blue channels extracted from the plot boundary. The correlation analysis was used to screen the digital image variables between the constructed vegetation index and the nitrogen content of different components of winter wheat in each material plot. Because of the high coupling degree between vegetation indices, principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of original data and extract feature vectors to participate in modeling. Various factors affecting the selection of modeling parameters and modeling were discussed. The nitrogen retrieval model was established by multiple linear regression analysis, and the best model was selected by determining coefficient (R²), root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) to explore the sensitivity of nitrogen content and digital variables. Using the model and UAV digital image, the retrieval image of winter wheat nitrogen was drawn, which visually display the spatial distribution of winter wheat nitrogen content. The results showed that the estimated value of winter wheat nitrogen content retrieved from UAV digital image had high fitting accuracy with the measured data. In terms of the accuracy of the inversion model, the three data processing results were integral segmentation &gt; partial segmentation &gt; segmentation by VDVI. The inversion effect of nitrogen content in different organs of winter wheat was different. Taking the flag-flying period of winter wheat as an example, the R² and nRMSE of the verification model of integral segmentation was 0.85 which was 0.14 and 0.43 higher than that of the partial segmentation and VDVI segmentation, RMSE and nRMSE of the verification model of integral segmentation was 0.235 and 6.1% respectively, which was 0.068 and 1.77 percentage points lower than those of the partial segmentation, 0.141 and 3.67 percentage points lower than those of VDVI segmentation, respectively. The results can provide reference for decision-making and management of water and fertilizer in winter wheat field.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:44
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Antennas - Crops - Data handling - Decision making - Linear regression - Mean square error - Nitrogen - Principal component analysis - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation  - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Hyperspectral vegetation indices - Multiple linear regression analysis - Multiple linear regressions - Nitrogen fertilization - Red , green and blues - Root mean square errors - Thresholding segmentation - Winter wheat
Classification code:652.1  Aircraft, General - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 912.2  Management - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 4.80e+01m2, Percentage 2.35e-01%, Percentage 6.10e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20193907477265
Title:Design and parameter optimization of arc tooth and rolling bundle type plastic film residue collector
Title of translation:&#24359;&#24418;&#40831;&#28378;&#25166;&#24335;&#27531;&#33180;&#22238;&#25910;&#26426;&#30340;&#35774;&#35745;&#21450;&#21442;&#25968;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Xie, Jianhua (1); Zhang, Fengxian (1); Chen, Xuegeng (2); Han, Yingjie (1); Tang, Wei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Xuegeng(chenxg130@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:26-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The application of plastic film mulching technology has brought considerable economic benefits to China's agricultural production, but also caused a series of pollution problems. Due to the incomplete recovery and cumulative accumulation of plastic film residuals over years, the soil permeability to water and the soil structure are poor, seriously affecting the sustainable development of China's agricultural economy. The main cause of such soil pollution is that the polyethylene film used in agricultural production in most areas of China is thin, the film covering time is long, and the recovery rate is low, and as such a large number of residual films remains in the soil tillage layer. Among them, the proportion of the buried edge film under the surface is 7% - 16%. The edge film is bound to the soil, which is easy to tear with the surface film when recycling, which leads to the difficulty of the recovery of the edge film. Researchers of agricultural machinery in China have developed a variety of plastic film residue collectors, including nail-tooth, telescopic rod-tooth, clip the hold type, spring-tooth and so on. However, there are many problems, such as complex structure, poor reliability and low recovery rate. At the same time, the research of the plastic film residue collector mainly focuses on the surface film pickup, while the research on the side film pickup and unloading is insufficient. Aiming at the problems of the existing plastic film residue collector, an arc tooth and rolling bundle type plastic film residue collector was designed in this study. According to the force of its work piece and the analysis of the motion track of the pickup mechanism, the key components such as the pickup shovel, the picking-up film mechanism and the unloading film mechanism were researched. In order to simulate the deformation and stress of nail teeth, plastic film and soil in the process of film-picking nail teeth fixing was used to guide the design of collector. Nonlinear finite element dynamics simulation analysis of film picking process of arc tooth and rolling bundle picking-up mechanism was done by use of ANSYS software. The simulation results showed that in the process of picking up plastic film, the end of nail teeth had the largest deformation. The maximum deformation of plastic film occurred at the contact position with the end of nail teeth. The deformation of soil disturbed by nail teeth was small. Using Box-Benhnken's central combination method, three-factor and three-level quadratic regression tests were carried out for the influence of the machine advancing velocity, the angle between the shovel wing and the shovel handle, and the depth of the nail teeth into the soil. Response surface regression model was established based on the carryover edge film rate, picking up film rate and unloading film rate, and the influence trend of each factor on the test index was analyzed. In order to improve the recovery rate of residual film residue, the influencing factors were optimized comprehensively. The experimental results showed that the significant factors affecting the rate of rimming film were as follows: the angle between the shovel wing and the shovel handle &gt; the depth of the nail teeth into the soil &gt; the machine advancing velocity. The significant factors affecting picking up film rate were as follows: the machine advancing velocity &gt; the angle between the shovel wing and the shovel handle &gt; the depth of the nail teeth into the soil. The significant factors affecting unloading film rate were as follows: the machine advancing velocity &gt; the depth of the nail teeth into the soil &gt; the angle between the shovel wing and the shovel handle. Finally, the optimum parameters were determined as follows: the machine advancing velocity was 4 km/h, the angle between the shovel wing and the shovel handle was 90&deg;, and the depth of the nail teeth into the soil was 55 mm. Field experiments were conducted under these conditions and the following data were obtained, the carryover edge film rate was 93.5%, the picking up film rate was 87.4% and the unloading film rate was 87.1%, and the error between the experimental results and the optimized theoretical values was less than 4 percentage point. This research results provide theoretical basis and technical reference for structural design and working parameters selection of plastic film residue collector.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Computer software - Deformation - Design - Economics - Mechanization - Optimization - Pickups - Plastic films - Recovery  - Regression analysis - Shovels - Soils - Structural design - Surface properties - Unloading - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Deformation and stress - Non-linear finite elements - Parameter optimization - Picking up - Plastic film mulching - Response surface - Simulation analysis
Classification code:408.1  Structural Design, General - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 691.2  Materials Handling Methods - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 817.1  Polymer Products - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science - 971  Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+00% to 1.60e+01%, Percentage 8.71e+01%, Percentage 8.74e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Size 5.50e-02m, Velocity 1.11e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20193907477160
Title:Response model construction of fish growth to water environmental factors in recirculating aquaculture mode
Title of translation:&#24490;&#29615;&#27700;&#20859;&#27542;&#27169;&#24335;&#19979;&#40060;&#29983;&#38271;&#23545;&#27700;&#29615;&#22659;&#22240;&#23376;&#30340;&#21709;&#24212;&#27169;&#22411;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Cheng, Xiangju (1); Ju, Jiaqi (1); Hu, Jiachun (2); Xie, Jun (3); Yu, Deguang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510641, China; (2) Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou; 510610, China; (3) Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou; 510380, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:188-194
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the improvement of aquaculture scale, the disadvantages of traditional aquaculture mode are constantly emerging, including waste and pollution of water sources. On this basis, the recirculating aquaculture system with aeration plug-flow device in pond is an exploration of efficient and energy-saving aquaculture mode, which has been developed rapidly at home and abroad. Water environment, as the place where fish live, is crucial to the growth of fish. A large number of studies have shown that dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are the three important factors that affect the growth of fish. There are synergistic effects among dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. Insufficient dissolved oxygen and high mass concentrations of non-ionic ammonia and nitrite can cause metabolic dysfunction of fish body and decrease of immunity, leading to the occurrence of fish diseases. Therefore, in order to explore the response of fish growth to water environment, and predict the growth rate of fish under the synergistic effect of water environment factors, the experiment was conducted on indoor recirculating aquaculture tilapia test with aerated plug-flow device with a continuous duration of 8 weeks. By changing the aeration flow, three conditions were set up in the experiment to observe the growth of tilapia during the breeding period, and the mass of the fish and water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, non-ionic ammonia and nitrite were regularly measured. The results showed that within a certain range, with the increase of dissolved oxygen mass concentration, the food conversion efficiency and specific growth rate of fish increased; with the increase of non-ionic ammonia mass concentration, the food conversion efficiency and specific growth rate of fish decreased. However, due to the small change in nitrite mass concentration and the safe mass concentration range, there was no significant effect on the food conversion efficiency and specific growth rate of fish in this experiment. Based on the results of the experiment, the specific growth rate of tilapia was nonlinearly fitted, and the growth prediction equation of fish was established, with R² of 0.82. The validity and universality of the equation were verified by the measured data. The growth prediction equation showed that the increase of the initial mass of fish, stocking density, non-ionic ammonia and nitrite concentration could slow down the growth rate of the fish; while increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration could increase the growth rate of the fish. In the current situation of increasingly tight land, intensive farming is often adopted to improve the level of farming. With the increase of aquaculture density, the concentration of non-ionic ammonia and nitrite in the water environment increases, which have a negative impact on the growth rate of fish. It could improve the water environment and promote the healthy growth of fish by increasing dissolved oxygen. Although this prediction model is obtained under the aeration push flow cycle cultivation mode, it is also applicable to the other aquaculture water modes, making the response of fish growth to measurable water environmental factors, which provides convenience and reference for promoting the healthy development of aquaculture fish, the optimization of aquaculture system and the improvement of aquaculture benefits.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Dissolved oxygen
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Aquaculture - Biochemical oxygen demand - Conversion efficiency - Dissolution - Energy conservation - Environmental testing - Fish - Forecasting - Growth (materials)  - Meats - Nitrogen - Water pollution - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Dissolved oxygen concentrations - Environmental factors - Nonlinear fitting - Prediction equations - Prediction model - Recirculating aquaculture system - Water environments - Water quality parameters
Classification code:445.2  Water Analysis - 453  Water Pollution - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 525.5  Energy Conversion Issues - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 822.3  Food Products - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.53e-01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20193907477129
Title:Sediment yield of current underlying surface under simulated extreme rainstorm in middle reaches of Yellow River Basin
Title of translation:&#26497;&#31471;&#26292;&#38632;&#24773;&#26223;&#27169;&#25311;&#19979;&#40644;&#27827;&#20013;&#28216;&#21306;&#29616;&#29366;&#19979;&#22443;&#38754;&#26469;&#27801;&#37327;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Xiaoyan (1); Dang, Suzhen (2); Gao, Yunfei (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (3) Upper and Middle Yellow River Bureau, Xi'an; 710021, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:131-138
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The flood control of the Yellow River Basin has been very difficult due to the heavy sedimentation of riverbed. So it is the very important to predict and evaluate the future situation of the sediment yield of the Yellow River Basin for deciding strategy of Yellow River governance and development, water resources allocation, plan and operation of the major water conservancy projects. Since 2000, the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau has been greatly improved and the sediment discharge of the Yellow River has decreased significantly. In this background, it is necessary to identify objectively the maximum possible sediment discharge of the Yellow River under the extreme rainstorm, so as to provide decision-making references for flood control and sedimentation reduction of the Yellow River. In this paper, the region between Hekouzhen and Tongguan in the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin was selected as the study area which contributes about 91% of the sediment discharge of the Yellow River Basin, and the underlying surface during 2010 to 2018 was selected as the current underlying surface because the corresponding environment situation of the Loess Plateau in the terms of sediment produce and transportation tend to be stable after experiencing rapid improvement of vegetation for years,and also because there were more rainstorms. Two extreme rainstorm scenarios were designed, one assumes that the rainstorms in 1933 have recurred, and other assumes that the maximum rainstorm in each tributary from 2010 to 2018 have occurred in the same year. Respectively using the method of summing up the annual measured sediment of the maximal rainstorm year of 2010-2018 in each tributary and using the hydrological method based on the current relationship between rainfall and sediment yield, the possible amount of sediment yield of the current underlying surface under extreme rainstorm in the study area was analyzed. In 1933, the Loess Plateau experienced the heaviest rainfall in the past 100 years. The magnitude of synthetic rainstorm was second only to the one in 1933. The difference of the two extreme rainstorm scenarios was the rainstorm area. The results revealed that if the maximum rainstorm of each tributary from 2010 to 2018 occurred in the same year under the current underlying surface condition, the sediment discharge poured into Yellow River in the study area would reach 620 million tons, and the corresponding regional sediment yield would be 990 million tons. If the rainfall scenario in 1933 reappeared, the annual sediment discharge would reach 940 million tons, based on the relationship between rainfall and sediment discharge under the current surface condition in study area, and the corresponding sediment yield would be 1.24 billion tons. The two extreme rainstorm scenarios used in this paper can only be regarded as the maximum rainfall in the past 100 years (not in hundreds of years), and also the calculation process took no account of the unfavorable conditions such as sediment releasing in case of check dams damage, or the situation which the extreme rainstorm occurs after successive years of drought. Otherwise, the sediment discharge would be even larger. Therefore, even if the forest and grass vegetation in the Loess Plateau has been greatly improved, and a large number of terraces and check dams have been built and put into operation, the Yellow River flood control and regulation of key reservoirs still needs to be prepared for large amount of sediment.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Sediments
Controlled terms:Decision making - Erosion - Flood control - Floods - Landforms - Rain - Reservoirs (water) - River basin projects - Rivers - Thunderstorms  - Vegetation - Water management - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Extreme rainstorm - Middle reaches - Sediment discharge - Underlying surface - Yellow River basin
Classification code:441  Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development - 441.2  Reservoirs - 442.1  Flood Control - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 443.3  Precipitation - 444.1  Surface Water - 481.1  Geology - 483  Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 912.2  Management
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+02yr, Percentage 9.10e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20193907477252
Title:Optimization of manufacturing parameters for sterilizing functional straw fiber mulch
Title of translation:&#26432;&#33740;&#22411;&#27700;&#31291;&#31224;&#31174;&#32420;&#32500;&#22522;&#22320;&#33180;&#21046;&#36896;&#24037;&#33402;&#21442;&#25968;&#20248;&#21270;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Chen, Haitao (1); Chen, Shuangchao (1); Liu, Shuang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:306-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, amount of pesticides used in agricultural production in China is relatively large, and the application method is not scientific enough, which brings about problems such as increased agricultural production costs, excessive pesticide residue in agricultural products, and environmental pollution. Pesticide controlled release technology is an effective method to improve pesticides utilization efficiency, reduce the amount of pesticides use, and reduce environmental pollution. The straw fiber based film is a fully degradable mulch film made from crop straw as raw material. It has the functions of increasing soil temperature, preserving soil moisture, inhibiting grass, protecting fertilizer and controlling soil erosion during the cultivation process. If the straw fiber based film is used as a carrier to load the pesticide and form the sterilizing functional mulch, the stability and effective period of the pesticides can be improved because the straw fiber base film is protected from light. In this study broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim was mixed with chitosan, which work as adhesive, at normal temperature and coated on the rice straw fiber film. To improve the sustained release effect and the effective utilization rate of carbendazim pesticide, the manufacturing parameters of the sterilizing functional mulch were optimized by applying the four factors and five levels quadratic regression orthogonal rotation center combined experimental method. Using the wood pulp fibers to build skeleton and adding rice straw fiber as the main filling material, through pre-experiment and reference, the wet strength agent, sizing agent, adhesive concentration and the coating thickness were selected as influencing factors, and the dry tensile strength, wet tensile strength, air permeability, degradation cycle, and effective utilization rate of pesticides were selected as the performance evaluation indexes. Under the performance evaluation indexes of the dry tensile strength &ge; 35 N, the wet tensile strength &ge; 15 N, the air permeability &le; 2 &micro;m/Pa&bull;s, the degradation cycle &ge; 60 d, the effective utilization rate of pesticide &ge; 80%. The optimized factors range is determined as follow: wet strength agent addition of 0.8% to 0.9%, sizing agent addition of 0.5% to 0.7%, adhesive concentration of 2.0%, and coating thickness of 20 &micro;m. The results showed that the adhesive concentration and coating thickness could change the morphology of the straw fiber based film and affect inter-fiber force, thereby change the dry tensile strength, the wet tensile strength, the air permeability, and the degradation cycle of the straw fiber base film. Compared to straw fiber based film, the sterilizing functional straw fiber mulch not only improved the dry tensile strength and the wet tensile strength, but also reduced the air permeability and prolonged the degradation cycle. And the most important thing was the sterilizing functional straw fiber increased a new function which could sterilize innovatively. And the sterilizing functional straw fiber mulch provides a functional trend for the straw fiber mulch and provides a reference to improve pesticides utilization efficiency and reduce the amount of pesticides use of broad-spectrum fungicide carbendazim. Our study also provides a reference for the research and development of broad-spectrum sterilizing functional straw fiber mulch.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Tensile strength
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Agricultural products - Air permeability - Coatings - Cultivation - Efficiency - Environmental technology - Films - Function evaluation - Fungicides  - Manufacture - Optimization - Pesticides - Pollution control - Pulp materials - Size determination - Soil moisture - Sterilization (cleaning) - Straw - Textile fibers  - Thickness measurement - Wood
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Environmental pollutions - Experimental methods - Manufacturing parameters - Pesticide controlled release - Quadratic regression - Research and development - Utilization efficiency
Classification code:454  Environmental Engineering - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 811.2  Wood and Wood Products - 813.2  Coating Materials - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.4  Manufacturing - 921.5  Optimization Techniques - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 943.2  Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.50e+01N, Force 3.50e+01N, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01% to 7.00e-01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e-01% to 9.00e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20193907477196
Title:Design on oat-grains purification device with rubbing roller
Title of translation:&#29141;&#40614;&#31869;&#31890;&#25545;&#25619;&#24335;&#38500;&#26434;&#35013;&#32622;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Geng, Lingxin (1, 2); Sun, Chenglong (1); Zuo, Jiewen (1); Jin, Xin (1); Kong, Lingju (2); Ji, Jiangtao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Machinery Equipment Advanced Manufacturing of Henan Province, Luoyang; 471003, China
Corresponding author:Ji, Jiangtao(jjt0907@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:38-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Oats have been paid more and more attention because of their high nutritional value and economic benefits. In view of the inconsistency of grain maturation in the same plant caused low maturity of grains is difficult to desquamate, so the content of grains with skin (shell) is high, which affects the harvest quality and subsequent processing. The oat-grains are strong and tough, are not easy to break, this paper according to the special characteristics of oat-grains, combined with the advantages of rubbing resistance, put forward a scheme to purify oat-grains. The scheme used the advantages of strong toughness and rubbing resistance to rub and remove the shell (peel) of the oat-grains first, then cleaned the grains with negative pressure clearance. It could avoid the disadvantages of miscellaneous surplus and separate the grain easier. This paper used the principle of rubbing grain peel (shell) and negative pressure clearance, designed a high degree of clarity and low loss oat grain purification device to solve the problem of high clutter content of oat grain caused by the large grains with shell. The device used a vertical conical rubbing roller to rub and treat the miscellaneous residues of oat leather grain and so on, and used the negative pressure cleaning room to clear and remove the clutter in the oat grain. The device could achieve the high cleanliness and low loss result, improve the quality of oat grains harvesting, and avoid the loss of grains, finally achieved the goal of increasing harvest yield and improving grain quality. In this study, the factors affecting including the speed of rubbing roller, the air speed of miscellany expert and the bezel length were analyzed and screened, and the clean ratio and loss ratio were used as the evaluation indicators. A single factor test was carried out to determine the range of optimal values for each influencing factor, and multivariate regression test was carried out on the basis of the single factor test. The multivariate regression model of test factors and evaluation indicators were established and solved, and the response surface analysis of the influence of 2 factors on the evaluation index was processed. The parameter values after optimization were validated. The test results showed that the single factor affecting the performance index of the device was 700-900 r/min of the roller speed, the air speed of miscellany expert was 12-16 m/s, the bezel length was 15-25 cm. The multivariate regression test results in a better combination of parameters: the roller speed was 816 r/min, the air speed of miscellany expert was 13.8 m/s, the bezel length was 20.5 cm, then the clean ratio of the index was 99.23% and the loss ratio was 1.53%. When the optimization parameter combination condition was pressed, the verification test results were trusted within the allowed test error within 3%. This study provides a reference and experimental basis for improving the technical level of oat harvesting machinery in China and the development of subsequent oat food processing machinery.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Testing
Controlled terms:Cleaning - Clutter (information theory) - Crops - Design - Food processing - Harvesting - Mechanization - Purification - Regression analysis - Rollers (machine components)  - Shells (structures) - Speed - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Multivariate regression - Multivariate regression models - Negative pressures - Oat miscellaneous - Optimization parameter - Response surface analysis - Rubbing type - Vertical conical
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 601  Mechanical Design - 601.2  Machine Components - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.2  Food Processing Operations - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.53e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 9.92e+01%, Rotational_Speed 7.00e+02RPM to 9.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.16e+02RPM, Size 1.50e-01m to 2.50e-01m, Size 2.05e-01m, Velocity 1.20e+01m/s to 1.60e+01m/s, Velocity 1.38e+01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20193907477211
Title:Estimation of chlorophyll content in potato using fusion of texture and spectral features derived from UAV multispectral image
Title of translation:&#26080;&#20154;&#26426;&#24433;&#20687;&#20809;&#35889;&#21644;&#32441;&#29702;&#34701;&#21512;&#20449;&#24687;&#20272;&#31639;&#39532;&#38083;&#34223;&#21494;&#29255;&#21494;&#32511;&#32032;&#21547;&#37327;
Authors:Chen, Peng (1, 2, 3, 4); Feng, Haikuan (1, 2, 3); Li, Changchun (4); Yang, Guijun (1, 2, 3); Yang, Junsen (1, 2, 3, 5); Yang, Wenpan (1, 2, 3, 4); Liu, Shuaibing (1, 2, 3, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (5) School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin; 123000, China
Corresponding author:Feng, Haikuan(fenghaikuan123@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:11
Issue date:June 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:63-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chlorophyll is an important pigment for crop light energy utilization, which directly affects the process of energy material conversion and transmission. The change of chlorophyll content directly reflects the ability of photosynthesis and the nutritional status of crop growth. When the traditional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing was used for crop nutrition monitoring, most of them started from the spectral vegetation indices, ignoring the characteristics of the image itself. In this study, we estimated potato leaf chlorophyll content from a comprehensive index formed by the fusion of multi-spectral vegetation indices, texture features and comprehensive indicators of data fusion. The effect of comprehensive index model on estimating potato leaf chlorophyll content was explored. First, we used the UAV multi-spectral images during the whole potato growth period in 2018 in Xiaotangshan, Changping, and Beijing. The multi-spectral vegetation index, texture characteristics and other variables were first extracted from UVA images, then their correlation relationships with leaf chlorophyll content were analyzed. The optimal image variables were screened out, and the whole subset analysis was based on adjusted determination coefficient and 10-fold cross-validation was used to estimate the leaf chlorophyll content of potato. Finally, the vegetation index and texture features were reconstructed by principal component fusion to establish a new comprehensive index for chlorophyll content estimation. It was found that the leaf chlorophyll content estimation model based on comprehensive index was better than that based on multi-spectral vegetation indices and texture features. The main reason was that the comprehensive index contained both spectral information and image texture information. Multispectral information and model accuracy had also been significantly improved. In the bud period, compared with the vegetation indices based model and the texture feature based model, the determination coefficient (R²) of the comprehensive index model increased 0.104 and 0.136, while the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) reduced 1.3 percentage point and 1.6 percentage point. During the tuber formation period, the determination coefficient of comprehensive index model was increased 0.04.and 0.101, while the NRMSE was decreased 0.5 percentage point and 1.2 percentage point, compared with the other 2 models. In the tuber growth period, the determination coefficient of comprehensive index model increased 0.075 and 0.111, and the NRMSE decreased 0.9 percentage point and 1.3 percentage point compared with the vegetation index model and the texture feature model. During the starch accumulation period, the R² of comprehensive index model increased 0.017 and 0.046, and the NRMSE decreased 0.2 percentage point and 0.6 percentage point, compared with vegetation index model and texture feature model. In the maturity period, the determination coefficient of comprehensive index model increased 0.088 and 0.057, and the NRMSE decreased 2.3 percentage point and 1.5 percentage point. Therefore, the effect of comprehensive index estimation model was the best followed by multi-spectral vegetation indices model and the texture feature model was the worst. The starch accumulation period was the best growth period for estimating chlorophyll content by multispectral vegetation index and texture characteristics, while bud period was the best growth period for estimating chlorophyll content by comprehensive index. Estimating potato chlorophyll content based on multi-spectral image from UAV platform can provide a feasible method for potato growth nutrition monitoring. It realizes low-cost, fast and high-throughput monitoring of potato growth and nutrition information, as well as provides guarantee for fine management of farmland irrigation, variable fertilization and so on.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Image texture
Controlled terms:Antennas - Chlorophyll - Crops - Data fusion - Energy utilization - Forestry - Image analysis - Mean square error - Nutrition - Remote sensing  - Spectroscopy - Starch - Textures - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Chlorophyll contents - Multi-spectral - Potato - Texture features - Total subset analysis
Classification code:461.7  Health Care - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 652.1  Aircraft, General - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.11.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.