<RECORD 1>

Accession number:20193507379758
Title:Design and experiment of driving-type crushing-weeding multi-functional potato cultivator
Title of translation:&#39537;&#21160;&#24335;&#30862;&#22303;&#38500;&#33609;&#22810;&#21151;&#33021;&#39532;&#38083;&#34223;&#20013;&#32789;&#26426;&#35774;&#35745;&#19982;&#35797;&#39564;
Authors:L&uuml;, Jinqing (1); Liu, Zhifeng (1); Wang, Pengrong (1); Li, Zihui (1); Li, Jicheng (1); Liu, Zhongyuan (1); Yang, Deqiu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) China Academy of Agricultural Mechanization, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Potato is one of the fourth staple food crops in China. Medium tillage operations such as loosening soil, crushing soil, soil cultivation and weeding during the early seedling and middle growth stages of potatoes have a great influence on potato yield. The main functions of mid-tillage include loosening soil, enhancing soil permeability, preserving soil moisture and drought resistance, improving soil physical properties, improving soil fertility and eliminating weeds, and mid-tillage can resist lodging and increase crop yield. Potato mid-tillage production has a large amount of work and its operation process is limited by growing crops. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a potato mid-tillage machine with high working efficiency and good operation effect. Aiming at the problems of low soil breaking rate, weeding rate and poor soil cultivation effect of traditional hoe-shovel type cultivator under the condition of soil cohesion and compaction, a driving potato cultivator which integrates the functions of deep loosening and crushing soil, weed eradication, side deep fertilization, soil cultivation and ridging is designed in this paper, the key parts of the machine and the structure of the deep loosening shovel, soil crusher and soil cultivator are designed and analysed. On the basis of design and analysis, field experiments are carried out. The machine is mainly composed of deep loose soil device, soil conservation device, fertilization device and transmission system. Eight blade dishes are installed symmetrically on the left and right sides of the blade shaft. Each blade dish is fixed with two soil breaking blades. The length of the soil breaking blade is 242 mm, the width of the soil breaking blade is 40 mm and the thickness of the soil breaking blade is 10 mm. In order to adapt to different kind of soil conditions, the adjustment range of the subsolier is 150-250 mm, the height of the subsolier is 560 mm. The test results show that the soil breaking rate of driving-type cultivator is 95.1%, weeding rate is 96.3% and the injury rate is 1.2%, the soil bulkiness is 21.5%, and the fuel consumption is 13.2 kg/hm², which met the relevant performance evaluation indicators. Compared with the traditional hoe-shovel type cultivator, the soil breaking rate of, weeding rate and soil bulkiness of the driving-type cultivator increase by 3.3, 3.1 and 2.7 percentage points, injury rate and fuel consumption decrease by 1.6 percentage points and 28.3%. The operation effect of the driving-type cultivator has been improved significantly, exceeding the national standards and meeting the requirements of potato cultivation and agronomy. This research results can provide a reference for the development of potato cultivators.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Agricultural implements - Agricultural machinery - Crops - Crushing - Cultivation - Design - Experiments - Machine design - Shovels - Soil conservation  - Soil moisture
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivator - Driving-type - Drought resistance - Evaluation indicators - Potato - Soil physical property - Transmission systems - Working efficiency
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601  Mechanical Design - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3  Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.83e+01%, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Percentage 9.63e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-01m to 2.50e-01m, Size 2.42e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 5.60e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.001

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 2>

Accession number:20193507379722
Title:Development of compliant constant-force mechanism for end effector of apple picking robot
Title of translation:&#33529;&#26524;&#37319;&#25688;&#26426;&#22120;&#20154;&#26411;&#31471;&#25191;&#34892;&#22120;&#24658;&#21147;&#26580;&#39034;&#26426;&#26500;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Miao, Yubin (1); Zheng, Jiafeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:19-25
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to reduce the damage caused by end effector of picking robot during fruit clamping process, non-destructive fruit picking has gradually become a key technology of fruit harvesters. The application of compliant constant-force mechanism may enable a constant output force within a certain range of operating displacement. The existing compliant constant force mechanism has the defect that the constant force interval is small relative to the size of the mechanism, which makes it difficult to apply in the situations requiring compact structure design such as fruit picking. In this paper, a method to generate compliant constant-force mechanism is introduced. Firstly, based on the shape function, a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for buckling deformation of compliant beams under boundary conditions is established. Secondly, the boundary value problem is redescribed as the initial value problem by applying the shooting method combined with the Runge-kutta method, the 3D nonlinear equations are obtained according to three boundary conditions, two unknown variables and one unknown initial value. Thirdly, the nonlinear equations is solved as an optimization problem. To avoid the optimization problem falling into local convergence, the genetic algorithm is employed to globally find the appropriate initial values of the three unknowns in the nonlinear equations, the solution of the differential equations is obtained according to the principle of the shooting method. Finally, the sequential quadratic programming method is implemented to optimize the parameters of the shape function, the optimization objective is to achieve a constant output force within a certain range of displacement input, and the constraints are the design boundary and the maximum permissible stress of the beams. A two-finger apple picking end effector is taken as an example, the initial shape parameters of the compliant mechanism are set and the algorithm is realized in Matlab. After optimization, the constant clamping force of the compliant beam to the fruit is about 7.9 N. In order to verify the correctness of the method, the non-linear finite element simulation is carried out in Abaqus, and the force-displacement experiment is carried out. The simulation results agree well with calculations, compared to the calculations, the average error of force-displacement test is 5.06%, which is acceptable. The main reason for the error may be that the theoretical model only considers the deformation of the neutral axis. The apple picking test is designed to verify the practicality of the method. At constant-force range, the clamping force fluctuates from 7.46-8.42 N, and the average clamping force is about 8.03 N. The clamping force is basically consistent with the calculation results though a certain fluctuation exists. To further verify the flexibility of the clamping mechanism, 20 apples of similar size and intact surface are selected for clamping test. The result shows that the ratio of non-destructive grasping is 95%, no slipping occurred, the compliant mechanism designed can achieve stable clamping of apples. The algorithm can meet the requirements of constant force clamping for different types fruit by properly adjusting the parameters of the compliant beam. The research provides a reference for the effective application of the compliant mechanism in non-destructive fruit-picking.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Nonlinear equations
Controlled terms:ABAQUS - Boundary conditions - Clamping devices - Compliant mechanisms - Deformation - Design - End effectors - Fruits - Genetic algorithms - Initial value problems  - Machine design - MATLAB - Mechanisms - Ordinary differential equations - Parameter estimation - Quadratic programming - Robots - Runge Kutta methods - Shape optimization
Uncontrolled terms:Constant force mechanisms - Constant output forces - Nonlinear finite element simulation - Nonlinear ordinary differential equation - Optimization problems - Sequential Quadratic Programming method - Shooting methods - Theoretical modeling
Classification code:601  Mechanical Design - 601.3  Mechanisms - 731.5  Robotics - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Force 7.46e+00N to 8.42e+00N, Force 7.90e+00N, Force 8.03e+00N, Percentage 5.06e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.003

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 3>

Accession number:20193507378691
Title:Detecting soluble solids content of navel orange based on transmission spectrum of tetragonal symmetric light source
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#22235;&#26041;&#23545;&#31216;&#20809;&#28304;&#36879;&#23556;&#20809;&#35889;&#30340;&#33040;&#27225;&#21487;&#28342;&#24615;&#22266;&#24418;&#29289;&#26816;&#27979;
Authors:Song, Jie (1); Li, Guanglin (1); Yang, Xiaodong (1); Zhang, Xin (1); Liu, Xuwen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guanglin(liguanglin@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:267-273
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Navel orange is a very popular fruit in China, which is mainly cultivated along the Yangtze River. Navel oranges are classified into different grades based on external quality and internal quality before they are sold. Soluble solids content is one of the main indices for evaluating the internal quality of navel orange. Therefore, it is very important to improve the detection accuracy of soluble solids content in production. So far, visible and near infrared spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) is one of the most widely used and effective techniques in internal quality assessment of fruits. In this study, 199 Fukumoto navel oranges were taken as experimental samples. The transmission spectra of navel oranges of three positions including pedicle upwards (P1), pedicle horizontal (P2) and pedicle downward (P3) were acquired by using a special visible and near infrared transmission spectrum measurement system designed by ourselves. The average spectra (P4) and weighted spectra (P5) of P1, P2 and P3 were calculated. The transmission spectra, including P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 were preprocessed by multivariate scattering correction, standard normal variate transformation, first derivative and second derivative respectively. The best pretreatment results were obtained based on first derivative after comparative study. Then the spectra data preprocessed by first derivative were divided into 30 to 50 intervals with step length of 5, and backward interval partial least squares was used to select the optimal band combination. Good results observed when P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 were divided into 35, 40, 30, 35 and 40 intervals, in which 161, 180, 114, 308 and 170 variables were retained. On this basis, competitive adaptive re-weighted sampling (CARS) was used to select feature variables. After running CARS for 20 times in each selection, 24, 23, 18, 39 and 22 variables were kept respectively. Finally, Five PLS models were established, including P1-PLS, P2-PLS, P3-PLS, P4-PLS and P5-PLS. Among the P1-PLS, P2-PLS and P3-PLS models, P2-PLS model was the best one, as the value of correlation coefficients of prediction was 0.924 and the value of root mean square error of prediction was 0.404. This model can be realized by adjusting the navel oranges to pedicle horizontal in modeling. P4-PLS model and P5-PLS model had achieved good prediction results, as the value of correlation coefficients of prediction was higher than 0.91 and the value of root mean square error of prediction was lower than 0.43. P4-PLS model was based on the average spectra of P1, P2 and P3, and had potential to be realized by rolling the navel oranges in actual application. However, P5-PLS model was based on weighted spectra of P1, P2 and P3, which was difficult to realize in on-line detection. This study can provide a reference for the development of on-line detection equipment for the assessment of internal content of substances in navel orange.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Citrus fruits
Controlled terms:Coherent scattering - Forecasting - Fruits - Infrared devices - Least squares approximations - Light sources - Mean square error - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Interval partial least squares - Navel orange - Root-mean-square error of predictions - Soluble solids content - Standard normal variate transformations - Transmittance - Visible and near infrared - Visible and near infrared spectroscopy (VIS-NIR)
Classification code:711  Electromagnetic Waves - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.034

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 4>

Accession number:20193507380367
Title:Effect of chlortetracycline concentration on mesophilic anaerobic digestion characteristics and antibiotic degradation of chicken manure Qiang
Title of translation:&#37329;&#38665;&#32032;&#27987;&#24230;&#23545;&#40481;&#31914;&#20013;&#28201;&#21388;&#27687;&#28040;&#21270;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#25239;&#29983;&#32032;&#38477;&#35299;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Qiang, Hong (1); Yang, Yinan (1); Li, Na (1); Song, Yanan (1); Li, Yuyou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai; 980-8579, Japan
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:181-190
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic digestion is a promising robust technology, which can not only reduce pollution of chicken manure but also produce energy, especially mesophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure has been widely used due to energy saving and long-term stability. In recent years, excess amount of antibiotics has been used in raising broilers to promote fast growth and prevent from diseases. The antibiotics residues problem in China rising day by day as compared to other countries, of which tetracycline antibiotic residues has been considered dangerous for living organisms. In China, it is reported that chlortetracycline residues especially in chicken manure was 563.8 mg/kg. Although, the toxicity threshold of antibiotics in soil regulated by Veterinary International Conference on Harmonization is 100 &mu;g/kg, it has been found that, the chlortetracycline residues more than 50% of the soil sample in China has been found higher than the threshold. Anaerobic digestion technology plays an important role in degrading antibiotics resides, this process not only wasaffected by the antibiotics concentration and category, but also more importantly by substrate category. Chicken manure has greatly potential to produce higher biogas production per organic matter than swine and cattle manure, but the effect of chlortetracycline contamination on biogas production of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of that is still unclear, removal of chlortetracycline during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure also unknown. The effect of chlortetracycline on hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis during anaerobic digestion of chicken manure has not been deeply studied yet. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of antibiotics on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. Influence of a wide range of chlortetracycline concentrations (4-200 mg/L CTC) on anaerobic digestion of chicken manure were investigated by batch experiments. The obtained results indicated that mesophilic methane production was increased when CTC concentration was less than 20 mg/L. More specifically, the ultimate increase rates of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis for methane production were 12.69%, 11.55%, 11.31% and 9.82%, respectively. Indeed, the removal efficiency of CTC was increased from 59.87% to 71.95%. Further analysis showed that methane production was increased as a result of the transformation of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) from bound EPS (LB-EPS and TB-EPS) to slime EPS (S-EPS), which promoted the hydrolysis, In addition, the degradation of CTC produced the carbon sources for microorganisms. However, mesophilic methane production was inhibited when CTC concentration was higher than 60 mg/L. Moreover, the inhibition rate was increased with raising CTC concentration, among them the inhibitory effect of 200 mg/L CTC concentration was the strongest than others, the largest inhibition rate of 200 mg/L CTC concentration for hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis was 16.48%, 18.54%, 18.96% and 19.94%, respectively, and the removal efficiency of CTC reduced up to 43.4%-51.44%. EPS increased by 13.81%-39.23% compared with control, of which the concentration of EPS protein increased from 943.01 mg/L to 1 083.69-1 338.20 mg/L, it is assumed that bacterial resistance for CTC was increased by stimulating EPS secretion. Analysis of the distribution of residual CTC within the digester indicted that 0.46%-3.13% of CTC was existed in liquid digester, while 96.87%-99.54% of CTC was found in solid digester, which posed a significant threat to the environment. Further safe treatment was needed before solid digester used as organic fertilizer into field.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:48
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Animals - Antibiotics - Biodegradation - Biogas - Energy conservation - Fertilizers - Hydrolysis - Manures - Methane - Polymers  - Temperature control
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic digestion technology - Chlortetracycline - Extra-cellular polymeric substances - Extracellular polymer substance - International conference on harmonizations - Mesophilic anaerobic digestion - Methane production - Tetracycline antibiotics
Classification code:461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 461.8  Biotechnology - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 731.3  Specific Variables Control - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 815.1  Polymeric Materials - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 2.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.38e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.00e-03kg/m3 to 2.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 1.27e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01% to 3.92e+01%, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 1.99e+01%, Percentage 4.34e+01% to 5.14e+01%, Percentage 4.60e-01% to 3.13e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.99e+01% to 7.20e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+01% to 9.95e+01%, Percentage 9.82e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.023

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 5>

Accession number:20193507379114
Title:Characteristic analysis of non-point source pollution in Qinghai province
Title of translation:&#38738;&#28023;&#30465;&#20892;&#19994;&#38754;&#28304;&#27745;&#26579;&#28304;&#29305;&#24449;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Tao, Yuan (1, 2); Wang, Shaoli (1, 2); Guan, Xiaoyan (1, 2); Li, Runjie (3); Liu, Jing (1); Ji, Mengzhe (1)
Author affiliation:(1) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) National Center of Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing; 100048, China; (3) Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Co. Ltd. of Qinghai Province, Xining; 810001, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shaoli(shaoliw@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:164-172
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, the agricultural non-point source pollution threatening water environment is a serious problem. The main agricultural non-point source pollution sources include fertilizers, pesticides, straws, mulching films and livestock and poultry mature. The characteristics of the agricultural non-point source pollution in different provinces are different. The paper was to study the characteristic and development tendency of the agricultural non-point source pollution in Qinghai province based on the history data and export coefficient method. Qinghai province is located in the northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It has the characteristics of low temperature, large gap in temperature between day and night, less and concentrated rainfall, long sunshine and strong solar radiation. In Qinghai province, many mulching films are used and large numbers of livestock and poultry are dispersedly raised in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas. With the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution has become more obvious. The pollution loads including 4 parameters of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3</inf>-N), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) produced by fertilizers, straws, livestock and poultry had been calculated. Considering the special situation that there were many livestock and poultry by dispersion raising in pastoral and semi-pastoral areas, the calculate methods of the agricultural non-point source pollution of livestock and poultry under different breeding modes were proposed. The pollution contributions and threats of the different pollution sources were revealed and the main prevention measures were given. The results showed that fertilizers and pesticides consumption, crop and straw yield, plastic mulch, livestock and poultry manure had presented an increased tendency in the past 30 years and the crop and straw yield had slowly declined in the past 5 years in Qinghai province. In 2015, the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) pollution loads and ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>3</inf>-N) produced by fertilizers were 2 721, 217 and 226 t, which were 2%,15% and 2% higher than that in 2013. When the fertilizer efficiency increased to 40%, the TP load was still larger than that in 2013. The TN and TP loads produced by crop straws are 2 418 and 224 t respectively which were close to the fertilizers in 2015. The COD load was 1889 t. Oil crops produced the largest pollution, beans and tuber crops produced less pollution in Qinghai province. The COD, NH<inf>3</inf>-N, TN and TP loads produced by livestock and poultry were 1289.1, 8.5, 350.4 and 51.8 thousand ton. Under different breeding modes, the agricultural non-point source pollution load produced by small-scale rear livestock in pens was the maximum, and the NH<inf>3</inf>-N pollution loads from the large-scale breeding sites and specialized households were large,the NH<inf>3</inf>-N and TP pollution loads from the free-ranging livestock and poultry were also noticeable. In 2015, 98.8% of COD, 90.2% of NH<inf>3</inf>-N, 93.8% of TN and 93.9% of TP of agricultural non-point source pollution loads were produced by livestock and poultry manure. Additionally, based on the Environmental State Bulletin of Qinghai province, we obtained that the agriculture non-point pollution was the main source of COD which contributes 66 percentages of the total COD loads in 2015. In view of the main prevention measures, the pollution control of the animal husbandry should be strengthened, an ecosystem circulation mode considering the combination of crop farming and animal husbandry combination should be built. This paper can provide valuable information for the agricultural non-point source pollution control in Qinghai province.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Water pollution
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Animals - Chemical oxygen demand - Crops - Fertilizers - Manures - Nitrogen fertilizers - Pesticides - Phosphorus - Straw  - Temperature - Water pollution control
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Characteristic analysis - Concentrated rainfalls - Fertilizer efficiency - Livestock and poultry breeding - Non-point source pollution - Qinghai Province - Qinghai Tibet plateau
Classification code:453  Water Pollution - 453.2  Water Pollution Control - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Age 3.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 9.02e+01%, Percentage 9.38e+01%, Percentage 9.39e+01%, Percentage 9.88e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.021

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 6>

Accession number:20193507379428
Title:Constructing standardized groundwater index to analyze temporal-spatial evolution of groundwater in middle reaches of Heihe river
Title of translation:&#26631;&#20934;&#21270;&#22320;&#19979;&#27700;&#25351;&#25968;&#27861;&#20998;&#26512;&#40657;&#27827;&#20013;&#28216;&#22320;&#19979;&#27700;&#26102;&#31354;&#28436;&#21464;&#35268;&#24459;
Authors:Ai, Qiyang (1); Su, Xiaoling (1, 2); Zhang, Gengxi (1); Niu, Jiping (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A &amp; F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Su, Xiaoling(suxiaoling17@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:69-74
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Groundwater drought severely impacts social economic development and ecological health. In order to manage groundwater resources scientifically, it is essential to establish a groundwater drought index to provide information for monitoring, management, and drought prediction of groundwater resources. In this study, a groundwater drought index was built by using the standardized groundwater index (SGI) method based on 4 kinds of distribution functions which were Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, lognormal (logN) distribution and generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The SGI was derivative of standardized precipitation index (SPI). The kolmogorov-smirnov test (K-S test) was used to determine whether the monthly water level data conformed to the theoretical distribution. If all the functions passed the K-S test, the best fitting distribution was selected by Akaike information criterion (AIC). If the only one passed the K-S test, the function was considered the best. Otherwise, non-parametric method had to be used for SGI fitting. The middle reaches of Heihe river basin was selected as a study case and the data was monthly groundwater level data of 23 wells from 1985 to 2010. The spatial and temporal evolutions of groundwater drought were analyzed in study area. The results showed that the SGI calculated by Gamma distribution and by logN distribution was generally inclined to negative values, indicating that the SGI were skewed towards no drought condition; and the SGI calculated by GEV distribution and by Beta distribution was positively skew, which means that the calculated result was skewed towards drought conditions. Therefore, it was necessary to select the optimal fitting function to calculate SGI for evaluation of groundwater drought by using a series of historical data. In the middle reaches of Heihe river basin, the optimal fitting functions were Beta function and GEV function, which accounted for 78% and 13% of the wells, respectively. The non-parametric method was adopted for groundwater data series of the other 2 wells that did not pass the K-S test. On the whole, the SGI calculated based on the optimal function in different part of study area showed 2 different trends. For example, the SGI showed a trend from decline to rising in Zhangye area while a trend of continuous decline in Linze and Gaotai area, which means that the groundwater drought had been alleviated in Linze and Gaotai. As a derivative of SPI index, SGI index has advantages and disadvantages similar to SPI index. However, due to the inherent periodicity of groundwater level sequences, it is necessary to choose optimal fitting functions to calculate SGI. The non-parametric method has been successfully used in the field of hydrology, and it has an advantage to analyze non-stationary sequences in spite of its limitations of overfitting. Further research should focus on the applicability of SGI in other regions considering the local hydrogeological conditions to find out whether there is a correlation between the optimal fitting function and hydrogeological conditions.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Distribution functions
Controlled terms:Computational complexity - Drought - Groundwater - Groundwater resources - Hydrogeology - Information management - Rivers - Testing - Water levels - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Akaike information criterion - Generalized extreme value (GEV) distributions - Heihe river - Hydrogeological conditions - Kolmogorov-Smirnov test - Nonparametric methods - Standardized groundwater index - Standardized precipitation index
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 481.1  Geology - 721.1  Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 922.1  Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.009

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 7>

Accession number:20193507379103
Title:Measurement of soil water content using distributed temperature sensor with heated fiber optics
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21152;&#28909;&#20809;&#32420;&#20998;&#24067;&#24335;&#28201;&#24230;&#20256;&#24863;&#22120;&#30340;&#22303;&#22756;&#21547;&#27700;&#29575;&#27979;&#23450;&#26041;&#27861;
Authors:Hu, You (1); Li, Min (1); Ren, Hengye (1); Si, Bingcheng (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, SK; S7N5A8, Canada
Corresponding author:Si, Bingcheng(bingchengsi@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:42-49
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water content has great spatial-temporal variability, so accurate field-scale soil water content acquisition with high spatial-temporal resolution is of grave significance for precision agriculture. The distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology combined with the principle of heat pulse probe is expected to achieve this goal; however, there isn't research to compare and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different methods to estimate soil water content using heated DTS technology. In this study, the indoor soil tank tests were carried on to heat the carbon-fiber optical cable embedded in sand, and the temperature variations along the fiber optics at different water content were measured by the DTS. The relationship between soil water content and maximum temperature rise, cumulative temperature rise and thermal conductivity were established, and the measurement accuracies of soil water content derived from the above mentioned 3 estimated methods were compared. The results showed that the temperature fluctuation of the fiber optics decreased with the increase of the sampling spacing or the time interval, and the reasonable sampling spacing and time interval could control the temperature fluctuation within a range between -0.1 and 0.1&#8451;. The temperature rise value of fiber optics decreased with the increase of soil water content. The temperature rise was the highest for the dry sand and was the smallest when the soil was saturated. The maximum temperature rise and cumulative temperature rise had a similar trends with the change of water content, and decreased exponentially with the increase of water content. The slope of curve decreased gradually with the increase of water content, and the sensitivity to water content gradually reduced. However, there was an increased exponential relationship between thermal conductivity and water content. With the increase of water content, the slope of curve did not decrease obviously. In the whole range of water content of sand, thermal conductivity had a good sensitivity to water content. For thermal conductivity method, at the all range of water content, the scatter points between measured and predicted values were on or near the 1:1 line, showing good predictions. For the maximum temperature rise and cumulative temperature rise methods, the scatter points were all around the 1:1 line when the water content range was in the 0-0.1 m³/m³, which had better prediction results, while the water content range was in the 0.1-0.25 m³/m³, where the scatter points were below the 1:1 line, which wound underestimate the moisture content. When the water content range was greater than 0.25 m³/m³, the scatter points were mostly above the 1:1 line, which overestimated the moisture content. The measurement accuracy of the thermal conductivity method was higher than that of the maximum temperature rise method and of the cumulative temperature rise method regardless of the low (0-0.1 m³/m³), medium (&gt;0.1-0.2 m³/m³) and high (&gt;0.2-0.35 m³/m³) water content ranges. The measurement accuracies of the 3 methods decreased with the increase of water content. The root mean square error of the thermal conductivity method was 0.015 m³/m³, which was lower than that of the maximum temperature rise method (0.038 m³/m³) and the cumulative temperature rise method (0.050 m³/m³). All of the 3 methods could measure soil water content accurately, but the accuracy of thermal conductivity method was the highest. However, although the maximum temperature rise and cumulative temperature rise methods could achieve certain accuracy, they had no physical meanings, the relationships between those 2 and water content were influenced by many factors, such as fiber optics characteristics and physical properties of soil. The thermal conductivity method had physical significance and was only related to the physical properties of soil. Moreover, the relationship between thermal conductivity and water content had been studied, and a lot of thermal conductivity models have been developed, which provided a simple and feasible method for estimating water content through soil thermal conductivity. Therefore, it was very attractive to measure water content by the active heating fiber optics-DTS using thermal conductivity method. This study provides guidance for water content measurement methods using DTS. It is of great significance to develop high-time-resolution in-situ monitoring techniques for soil water content at different spatial scales, and the ultimate goal is to accurately understand the water content dynamics in the field to guide the precision irrigation.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Thermal conductivity
Controlled terms:Carbon fibers - Fiber optics - Mean square error - Moisture determination - Soil moisture - Soil surveys - Soil testing - Soils - Temperature distribution - Temperature sensors  - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Different water contents - Distributed temperature sensing - Distributed temperature sensor - Maximum temperature rise - Soil thermal conductivity - Temperature fluctuation - Thermal conductivity model - Water content measurements
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 741.1.2  Fiber Optics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements - 944.5  Temperature Measuring Instruments
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.006

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 8>

Accession number:20193507379177
Title:Simulation and verification of microclimate environment in closed swine house based on energy and mass balance
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#33021;&#36136;&#24179;&#34913;&#30340;&#23494;&#38381;&#29482;&#33293;&#20869;&#23567;&#27668;&#20505;&#29615;&#22659;&#27169;&#25311;&#19982;&#39564;&#35777;
Authors:Xie, Qiuju (1, 2, 3); Ni, Ji-Qin (4); Bao, Jun (2); Liu, Honggui (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (3) College of Electrical and Information, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (4) Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette; IN; 47907, United States
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:148-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Microclimate of swine house is a time-varying and nonlinear system affected by the interaction of internal production and external environment factors, and has an important effect on the pig's growth performance and health status. Among multiple environmental factors, indoor air temperature affects the heat balance of the pig body and plays an important role to maintain the constant body temperature. Humidity influences the evaporation of the pig body and therefore a body's thermoregulation. So, the indoor temperature and humidity are payed much attention by many researchers in the past decades in order to maintain a suitable indoor environment for pigs. Simulation of indoor microclimate is an effective way to provide a precision control strategy. Some researches on swine house environment control are conducted based on indoor air temperature and ventilation using traditional and automatic control method. However, in practice, it is difficult to realize an accurate microclimate control and prediction in a swine house due to some influences such as different regions that swine house located, seasons, raised number of pigs, and most simulations and models for swine house environment only focused on single environment factor such as temperature, humidity or airflow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the comprehensive interaction among the multiple factors and the energy consumptions are neglected. In this study, a thermal exchange model based on energy balance equations and a humidity variation model based on mass balance equations are developed for a closed swine house, the factors such as weather, heat dissipation, heat acquisition, building structure, building ventilation and pigs in the swine house are considered. Based on the one month's measured data of 1 minute resolution of room 2 on the south side and room 11 on the northwest corner in the swine house, some parameters of the simulation model were determined by using multivariate non-linear regression model (MNRM). Two days measured data are randomly selected to validate the model simulations from two rooms in hot summer. The energy consumptions of the two rooms are also analyzed and compared. Results show that the simulation and measurement values for both rooms agree well, the maximum temperatures error is 2.4&#8451;, the maximum relative error is 9.2% for the two rooms, and the coefficient of determination is 0.836 9 for room 2 and 0.786 9 for room 11. The maximum relative humidity error is 13.34% and the maximum relative error is 49.66% for the two rooms, the coefficient of determination is 0.912 for room 2 and 0.899 7 for room 11. The power consumption of room 11 is 1.5 times that of room 2 because room 11 has extra heat produced by the pigs and a sidewall as part of the west wall of the building. The dynamic microclimate models based on the energy and mass balance equations can be used for simulations of basic environment control and energy requirement in closed swine houses.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Air - Atmospheric humidity - Atmospheric temperature - Automation - Computational fluid dynamics - Energy balance - Environmental management - Errors - Houses - Humidity control  - Mammals - Regression analysis - Temperature - Thermal comfort
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of determination - Energy balance equations - Environmental control - Mass balance equations - Maximum relative errors - Multivariate non-linear regression - Simulations and measurements - Thermal exchange
Classification code:402.3  Residences - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.1  Environmental Engineering, General - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 643  Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 731  Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.1  Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 4.97e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Time 6.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.019

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 9>

Accession number:20193507379999
Title:Grey entropy analysis on effect of pore structure on compressive strength of aeolian sand concrete
Title of translation:&#23380;&#38553;&#32467;&#26500;&#23545;&#39118;&#31215;&#27801;&#28151;&#20957;&#22303;&#25239;&#21387;&#24378;&#24230;&#24433;&#21709;&#35268;&#24459;&#30340;&#28784;&#29109;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Liu, Qian (1); Shen, Xiangdong (1); Dong, Ruixin (1); Wei, Lisi (1); Xue, Huijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Xiangdong(ndsxd@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:108-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aeolian sand is an ultra-fine sand formed by wind and sedimentation in the desert and Gobi region,its SiO<inf>2</inf> content is higher than that of ordinary sand, and its particle size is smaller than that of ordinary sand. Abundant aeolian sand resource can be used to prepare a new type of green concrete. In order to investigate the influence of the pore structure of aeolian sand concrete on the compressive strength, the aeolian sand concrete and the ordinary concrete are selected as the research group and the control group, respectively, and the compressive strength of which is tested. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance testing technology, the lateral relaxation time distribution of the two groups of concrete is determined for 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days curing ages. According to the relationship between the lateral relaxation time and the pore radius, the pores of the two groups of concrete are divided into four intervals: 0-0.1, &gt;0.1-1.0, &gt;1.0-10 and &gt;10 &mu;m. Meanwhile, the influence of pore structure parameters and pore radius distribution on the compressive strength of the two concretes under different curing ages is studied by using grey correlation entropy analysis. Based on this, the relationship between concrete pore structure and compressive strength is established. The results show that the lateral relaxation time curve of aeolian sand concrete mainly present the structure of "primary and secondary peaks", and the ordinary concrete mainly present "three peaks" structure. The lateral relaxation time of aeolian sand concrete is between 1.703-5 353.567 ms, and the lateral relaxation time of ordinary concrete is between 2.097-4 347.013 ms. The spectral area of the two concretes first increase and then decrease with the curing age. The maximum spectral areas of the aeolian sand concrete and the ordinary concrete are 11 789.33 and 10 672.11, respectively. The porosity of the two concretes first increase and then decrease. However, after 28 days hydration reaction, the porosity of aeolian sand concrete increase by 14.3%, from 3.5% to 4.0%, with the decrease of saturation of bound fluid by 5.6% and the increase of the free fluid saturation by 2.2%. The hydrated product preferentially fill the small pores during the hydration process of the aeolian sand concrete. The porosity of ordinary concrete decrease by 16.1%, from 3.1% to 2.6%, with the increase of saturation of bound fluid by 66.7% and the decrease of the free fluid saturation by 11.2%. The hydrated product preferentially fill the large pores during the hydration process of the ordinary concrete. After 28 days of hydration reaction, the proportion of pore radius in the range of 0-0.1, &gt; 0.1-1.0 and &gt; 10 &mu;m of aeolian sand concrete decreases, the proportion of pore radius in the range of &gt; 1.0-10 &mu;m increases, the pore radius in the range of 0-0.1-1.0 &mu;m of ordinary concrete increases, and the pore radius in the range of &gt; 1.0-10 and &gt; 10 &mu;m decreases. The most influential factors for the compressive strength of the two concretes are the saturation of bound fluid and the proportion of pore radius of 0-0.1 &mu;m. The grey entropy correlation degrees of the saturation of bound fluid of the two concretes are 0.980 4 and 0.979 1, respectively. The grey entropy correlation degrees of 0-0.1 &mu;m pore proportion of the two concretes are 0.988 2 and 0.988 8, respectively. A grey model GM (1, 3) is established for the influence of saturation of bound fluid and proportion of pore radius of 0-0.1 &mu;m on the compressive strength of concrete. The average relative errors between predicted values and experimental values of two concrete GM (1,3) models are 4.11% and 2.43%, respectively. This study provide a reference for practical engineering applications of aeolian sand concrete.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Concretes
Controlled terms:Compressive strength - Concrete testing - Curing - Entropy - Hydration - Models - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pore structure - Porosity  - Relaxation time - Sand - Silica - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Aeolian sand - Average relative error - Compressive strength of concrete - Concrete pore structures - Fluid saturations - Pore radius distribution - Practical engineering applications - Relaxation time distribution
Classification code:412  Concrete - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.75e-02yr, Age 7.67e-02yr, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 2.43e+00%, Percentage 3.10e+00% to 2.60e+00%, Percentage 3.50e+00% to 4.00e+00%, Percentage 4.11e+00%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 6.67e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-07m, Size 1.00e-05m, Size 1.00e-06m to 1.00e-05m, Time 3.47e-01s, Time 3.54e-01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.014

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 10>

Accession number:20193507378644
Title:Influence of arrangement of holes on barrier of hot water tank of solar energy on heat storage performance
Title of translation:&#22826;&#38451;&#33021;&#33988;&#28909;&#27700;&#31665;&#20869;&#32622;&#38548;&#26495;&#24320;&#23380;&#26041;&#24335;&#23545;&#33988;&#28909;&#24615;&#33021;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wang, Ye (1, 2); Wang, Ruijun (1); Lu, Hongyu (1); Song, Rongfei (1); Lin, Huxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Railway Vehicle Thermal Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:191-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In solar water heating system, the discordance of heat energy collection and use time makes the hot water storage tank play a vital role in the whole system. Therefore, how to improve the thermal storage performance of the hot water storage tank has become one of the hot spots in industry research. Among many measures, as an effective method, setting barriers in the water storage tank has been adopted by more and more people. Its principle is to optimize the structure of temperature field in water tank by setting barriers to change the flow field structure. In this paper, in order to study the influence of the barrier with the same hole area and different numbers of hole in the solar water storage tank on thermal stratification and thermal storage performance, the process of heat transfer in a water tank with different openings is analyzed numerically by standard k-&Epsilon; model under different flow parameters. The results show that: when the inlet temperatures of hot water and cold water is 333 and 303 K and the inlet velocity of hot water and cold water is 0.05 and 0.5 m/s, respectively, the water storage tank with a hole area of 0.007 9 m² has the highest thermal stratification efficiency, 2.341. When the hole area is the same as 0.0314 m², installing the barrier with five holes will significantly expand the volume of high-temperature water in the water tank compared with installing the barrier with one hole. The number of holes has a weak influence on the outlet temperature difference between the hot and cold water of the tank, but the larger the hole area, the more obvious the influence of the numbers of hole on the Richardson number. If the user's water consumption changes within a certain range, the Richardson number decreases with the increase of the user's water consumption, and the heat stratification is more likely broken when the inlet velocity of cold water is lower than 0.3 m/s. The maximum relative deviation of the outlet temperature of hot water corresponding to the inlet temperature of hot water of 333 and 343 K is 0.22%, but these two working conditions have little effect on the outlet temperature of cold water. In this study, by calculating and comparing the heat transfer process in the solar water storage tank under the condition of the same hole area on barrier, the effects of different flow parameters and different arrangement of holes on barrier on the thermal stratification and thermal storage performance of the solar water storage tank are compared and analyzed, which has certain theoretical reference for the optimization design of barrier structure with openings in liquid separation equipment in different researches of various industries. In addition, due to the randomness of solar radiation intensity in practical engineering, if the fluid parameters are given, the way of combining solar water storage tank and auxiliary heat source to meet the needs of different users should be considered.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Heat transfer performance
Controlled terms:Cold working - Flow fields - Heat pump systems - Heat storage - Heating equipment - Hot water distribution systems - Hot working - Information dissemination - Inlet flow - Solar energy  - Solar water heaters - Temperature - Thermal stratification - Water supply - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Arrangement of holes on barrier - Heat transfer process - High-temperature water - Hot water storage tanks - Practical engineering - Solar radiation intensity - Solar water heating systems - Thermal storage performance
Classification code:446.1  Water Supply Systems - 535.2  Metal Forming - 616.1  Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 657.1  Solar Energy and Phenomena - 903.2  Information Dissemination
Numerical data indexing:Area 3.14e-02m2, Percentage 2.20e-01%, Temperature 3.03e+02K, Temperature 3.33e+02K, Temperature 3.43e+02K, Velocity 3.00e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s, Velocity 5.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.024

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 11>

Accession number:20193507379167
Title:Optimization of preparation of bio-based ethyl levulinate catalysed by lipase
Title of translation:&#33026;&#32938;&#37238;&#20652;&#21270;&#21046;&#22791;&#29983;&#29289;&#22522;&#21270;&#23398;&#21697;&#20057;&#37232;&#19993;&#37240;&#20057;&#37231;&#30340;&#24037;&#33402;&#20248;&#21270;
Authors:Xu, Yanli (1, 2); Chang, Chun (1, 2, 3); Bai, Jing (1, 2); Li, Pan (1, 2); Chen, Junying (1, 2); Han, Xiuli (1, 2); Fang, Shuqi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Henan Outstanding Foreign Scientists'Workroom, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310027, China
Corresponding author:Chang, Chun(chunchang@zzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:227-233
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The large consumption of fossil energy and the rising price of petroleum prompt us to look for an alternative resource for chemical production. Utilization of biomass resources can not only solve environmental problems, but also save resources and improve the economic value of biomass. Ethyl levulinate (EL) has a wide range of industrial applications. It can be used as an additive for various fuels and widely used in food, medicine, agriculture, rubber, manufacturing and other industries. At present, EL is mainly produced by chemical method. In contrast, the preparation of EL by biological method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low energy consumption and simple recovery of immobilized enzyme. It is considered as a new preparation method. In our previous studies, the preparation process of bio-levulinic acid has been reported. On this basis, lipase-catalyzed synthesis of EL from levulinic acid and ethanol was further studied. In this study, three lipases were screened, Nov435, Lipozyme TL IM and Lipozyme 40086, respectively. The results showed that Nov435 had good activity. Then, using NOV435 as biocatalyst, the effects of solvent volume (MTBE), enzyme amount, reaction time and molar ratio of ethanol to levulinic acid on EL yield were studied by single factor experiments. According to the experimental results, the reaction conditions were further optimized by response surface design. The experimental design includes 29 experiments and 5 repetitions at the central point to obtain the estimation of experimental errors. The quadratic equations of reaction temperature, lipase amount, MTBE volume and the molar ratio of ethanol to levulinic acid were obtained with EL yield as the optimized response. Using the equation, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained: reaction temperature 45&#8451;, lipase amount 35.5 mg, MTBE 2.6 mL, molar ratio of ethanol to levulinic acid 1.7:1, rotating speed 150 r/min, reaction time 2.8 h. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the EL yield was estimated to be 87.6%. The validation experiment showed that the experimental result was 87.6%, which was very close to the predicted value. The catalyst reuse times of lipase under optimum conditions were studied and 12 repetitive experiments were carried out. The results showed that the recovery process of lipase was simple and easy to reuse. After five reuses, the high EL yield of 86.2% was still maintained. However, the EL yield decreased to 76.2% after 12 repeats due to the damage of lipase particles. In conclusion, this study showed that lipase-catalyzed EL production is an effective method, which provided an important basis for the preparation of EL by enzymatic method.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Organic solvents
Controlled terms:Biomass - Catalysis - Design of experiments - Energy utilization - Enzymes - Ethanol - Fuel additives - Lipases - Molar ratio - Optimization  - Organic acids - Rubber applications
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental problems - Ethyl levulinate - Levulinic acid - Lipase-catalyzed synthesis - Mild reaction conditions - Optimum reaction conditions - Response surface designs - Single-factor experiments
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 818.6  Rubber Applications - 901.3  Engineering Research - 921.5  Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.62e+01%, Percentage 8.62e+01%, Percentage 8.76e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+02RPM, Time 1.01e+04s, Volume 2.60e-06m3, Mass 3.55e-05kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.029

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 12>

Accession number:20193507380193
Title:Ozone treatment improving antioxidant enzyme activity and phenolic content of postharvest strawberry
Title of translation:&#33261;&#27687;&#31934;&#20934;&#22788;&#29702;&#25552;&#39640;&#37319;&#21518;&#33609;&#33683;&#25239;&#27687;&#21270;&#37238;&#27963;&#24615;&#21644;&#37210;&#31867;&#29289;&#36136;&#21547;&#37327;
Authors:Chen, Cunkun (1); Zhang, Huijie (2); Ji, Haipeng (3); Zhang, Xiaojun (1); Dong, Chenghu (4); Zhang, Na (4); Yu, Jinze (4); Wang, Wensheng (3); Xue, Wentong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin; 300457, China; (3) National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin; 300384, China; (4) Tianjin National Preservation of Agricultural Products Productivity Promotion Co., LTD, Tianjin; 300384, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Wentong(xwt@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:274-280
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Ozone treatment is considered as an effective and non-polluting method of storage and preservation, and the strong oxidizing effect of ozone is also considered to have an effect on the active oxygen scavenging system of harvested fruits and vegetables. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species of non-enzymatic, enzymatic scavenging system of post-harvest 'Jing Tao Xiang' strawberry, which are wide-planted in Tianjin, treated with different ozone concentrations (0, 2.144, 6.432, 10.72 and 15.008 mg/m³) was investigated in this study. Post-harvest strawberries were treated for 5 h every 7 days in an ozone preservation device independently developed by the National Preservation Engineering Technology Research Center (Tianjin), and then quickly transferred to a 0 &deg;C cold storage. Total phenols content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and ascorbic acid (ASA) were detected as key non-enzymatic antioxidants, while superoxidase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were detected as key enzymes in the enzymatic antioxidant system. Results showed that for non-enzymatic antioxidant system, the total phenolics of post-harvest strawberry in the ozone treatment group of 2.144, 6.432 and 15.008 mg/m³ had a certain accumulation during the whole storage period, but lower than the control group. The content of flavonoids in the 2.144 and 15.008 mg/m³ treatment groups decreased continuously throughout the storage period, while the content in the 6.432 mg/m³ treatment group decreased and then increased, but the contents in the three treatment groups were lower than the control group; the ASA content did not change much in the control group, but decreased continuously in the 2.144, 6.432 and 15.008 mg/m³ treatment groups, and the 15.008 mg/m³ ozone treatment group had the largest decline. Compared with the control group and other three different concentrations of ozone treatment group. However, 10.72 mg/m³ ozone treatment significantly promoted the formation of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, maintained the total flavonoid content at a higher level, and which was conducive to the formation and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidant nutrients. For the enzymatic antioxidant system, high concentrations of O<inf>3</inf> treatment rapidly induced an increase in POD activity in strawberry fruit. However, as the storage time prolonged, the decreasing trend appeared rapidly in the 15.008 mg/m³ treatment group. Compared with the control group, the enzyme activity of the 2.144 mg/m³ concentration O<inf>3</inf> treatment group did not change much, but the enzyme activity of the 6.432 mg/m³ treatment group was inhibited. However, the SOD activity of 10.72 mg/m³ ozone treatment group was significantly increased (P&lt;0.05), and the maximum value was advanced, the activity of APX was also enhanced. The activity of POD enzyme activity of 10.72 mg/m³ O<inf>3</inf> treatment group was stimulated, and the peak of POD activity was delayed. Overall, ozone treatment at a concentration of 10.72 mg/m³ could enhance the enzymatic reaction activity of the redox system of postharvest strawberry and increase the content of non-enzymatic reaction substances, which had a positive effect on the accumulation of antioxidants in postharvest strawberries and was conducive to improving the edible value and economic value of post-harvest strawberries.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Enzyme activity
Controlled terms:Antioxidants - Ascorbic acid - Cold storage - Energy storage - Flavonoids - Fruits - Harvesting - Ionization of gases - Oxidation resistance - Ozone  - Ozone resistance - Phenols - Plants (botany) - Redox reactions - Speed control
Uncontrolled terms:Antioxidant enzyme activity - Antioxidant systems - Ascorbate peroxidase - Fruits and vegetables - Non-enzymatic antioxidants - Reactive oxygen species - Strawberry - Total flavonoid contents
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 525.7  Energy Storage - 644.3  Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 731.3  Specific Variables Control - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Mass_Density 1.07e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.50e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.14e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.43e-06kg/m3, Temperature 2.73e+02K, Time 1.80e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.035

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 13>

Accession number:20193507379201
Title:Construction of rural landscape ecological corridor in water network plain area based on MCR Model
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;MCR&#27169;&#22411;&#30340;&#27700;&#32593;&#24179;&#21407;&#21306;&#20065;&#26449;&#26223;&#35266;&#29983;&#24577;&#24266;&#36947;&#26500;&#24314;
Authors:Huang, Xuefei (1, 2); Wu, Cifang (1, 2); You, Heyuan (3); Xiao, Wu (1); Zhong, Shuiqing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China; (2) Land Academy for National Development Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310029, China; (3) School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University of Finance &amp; Economics, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Corresponding author:You, Heyuan(youheyuan@gmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:243-251
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The frequent human activities which happened in the land of water network plain result in the serious encroachment on the ecological region by human construction activities. The ecological region has a tendency of fracture and fragmentation. Based on the dual goals of rural cultural Renaissance and ecological protection, the landscape components of ecological properties such as wetlands, lakes and rivers are connected and special cultural resources and cultural heritage properties by using the ecological corridors and ecological stepping stone. The dual significance is to protect ecological environment and the humanities through connecting the ecological landscape and cultural landscape. We took Jiashan county, Zhejiang province, as the study of this research area, and extracted the core source of ecology with water as the source of ecological and pattern of use of the space form (MSPA) analysis method. Landscape space was obtained by using the model of Minimal Cumulative Resistance to generate potential ecological corridor. The gravity model was used to identify the important ecological corridor network connection. We explored the connection of historical relics, cultural heritage and other important cultural landscape with ecological corridor through investigating the regional characteristic of the building, rural cultural heritage, other human landscape, cultural heritage and cultural landscape. The stepping-stone was used to establish a good interaction between ecology and humanity on the basis of analysis of nodes and a steppingstone. The ecological network was constructed by taking into account the ecological landscape and cultural heritage. The results showed that 12 core areas were identified as ecological sources in the study area, with 20 important corridors and 46 general corridors, mainly distributed in the northwest and northeast of the study area.11 planning corridors were added to the optimized ecological network, connecting 30 cultural relics and ecological source patches to form 3 regional cultural heritage ecological landscape small networks. After the planning, the network connectivity was significantly improved, which improved the network connectivity in the original region that was relatively dispersed and had large spatial resistance. By adding planning corridors and stepping stones, it not only connects the cultural heritage landscape, but also effectively improves the connectivity of the potential ecological network. It formed an important cultural heritage and cultural landscape to build connection through cultural heritage landscape ecological corridors. The protection between ecological environment and cultural heritage is classified into the same type and the establishment of mutual protection management pattern, the natural properties, functional properties and landscape for water net plain area combining rural ecological landscape construction and historical and cultural protection provides a new train of thought. It is an important target of rural governance to make rural revitalization of the implementation in the process of ecological protection and cultural protection. It is conducive to the protection of regional biodiversity and ecological environment through the construction and planning of ecological corridors. It is conducive to increase the cultural heritage of the connection, better protection of the ecological and rural culture. Landscape and recreation value is increasing while rural civilization building is connected to. The study which has a double meaning can provide planning and management ideas to better establish cultural heritage protection and management framework and strengthen biodiversity and rural cultural heritage and the protection of humanistic landscape.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Ecology
Controlled terms:Biodiversity - Construction industry - Landforms - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Cultural heritage protections - Cultural heritages - Ecological corridor - Ecological environments - Fracture and fragmentations - Morphological spatial pattern analyses (MSPA) - Regional characteristics - Resistance modeling
Classification code:405  Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 454  Environmental Engineering - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 481.1  Geology
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.031

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 14>

Accession number:20193507380384
Title:Mechanism on effect of liquid ammonia and hydrogen peroxide pretreatment on rice straw enzymatic hydrolysis
Title of translation:&#28082;&#27688;&#21644;&#36807;&#27687;&#21270;&#27682;&#39044;&#22788;&#29702;&#23545;&#31291;&#33609;&#37238;&#35299;&#25928;&#26524;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;&#26426;&#21046;
Authors:Zhao, Xiangjun (1); Li, Cong (1); Peng, Hehuan (1); Zhao, Chao (1); Ma, Zhongqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A &amp; F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Zhongqing(mazq@zafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:221-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biomass is a promising, eco-friendly, and renewable source for generating energy, fuels, and bio-chemicals that could partially replace fossil fuels to reduce the pressure of environmental pollution problems. Rice straw is one of the most important lignocellulosic biomass in China, which is a potential feedstock to produce bio-ethanol by enzyme hydrolysis method. The production process of bio-ethanol is composed of three stages, namely pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation. The pretreatment process is important step to overcome biomass recalcitrance, and improve the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, three types of pretreated method, namely high-temperature hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (HTHP), low-temperature hydrogen peroxide pretreatment (LTHP), and liquid ammonia pretreatment (LAT), were used to overcome biomass recalcitrance and improve the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis. Then, a caparison of the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis and the yield of monosaccharides were carried out by using three pretreatment methods. The contents of monosaccharide (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) of the enzymatic hydrolysate were quantitative determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results showed that three pretreatment methods were effective to enhance the performance of enzymatic hydrolysis, and ordered as LAT &gt; HTHP &gt; LTHP. Based on the chemical component analysis before and after pretreatment, the content of glucan decreased from 35.54% of control sample to 33.76% of HTHP pretreatment, 35.12% of LTHP pretreatment, and 35.86% of LAT pretreatment. The content of xylan decreased from 19.06% of control sample to 14.69% of HTHP pretreatment, 17.53% of LTHP pretreatment, while increase to 19.07% of LAT pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions of HTHP were 120&#8451;, mass ratio of 0.75:1 (w/w) between 30% H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> solution and biomass ratio, and 60 minutes' residence time. The conversion rates of glucan and xylan were 61.55% and 47.82%, respectively, after 72 hours enzymatic hydrolysis at 1% glucan loading using 15 FPU/(g of glucan) of cellulase. The sugar yield was 334.5 g per kg of rice straw (dry basis) after 144 hours enzymatic hydrolysis. The effect of H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf> addition on the enzymatic hydrolysis effect was significant, and the excessive addition amount (more than 1.0:1) led to a rapid decrease in the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. The optimal pretreatment conditions of LAT were 90&#8451;, mass ratio of 1:1 (w/w) between liquid ammonia and biomass ratio, 60% moisture content (drybasis) and 5 minutes' residence time. The conversion rates of glucan and xylan were 88.62% and 79.29%, respectively, after 72 hours enzymatic hydrolysis at 1% glucan loading using 15 FPU/(g of glucan) of cellulase. The sugar yield was 554.1 g per kg of dry rice straw after 144 hours enzymatic hydrolysis, which is 2.9-fold of producing from untreated straw. The total sugar recovery rate was almost 90%. In conclusion, the performance of LAT pretreatment was more effective than other two pretreatment methods (HTHP and LTHP). This study would be useful to supply scientific and basic data for industrial application of rice straw.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Enzymatic hydrolysis
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Bioethanol - Biomass - Cellulosic ethanol - Enzymes - Ethanol - Fossil fuels - Glucose - High performance liquid chromatography - Hydrogen peroxide  - Liquefied gases - Oxidation - Peroxides - Straw - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Biomass recalcitrances - Environmental pollution problem - Enzymatic hydrolysates - Lignocellulosic biomass - Liquid ammonia - Pretreatment conditions - Pretreatment methods - Pretreatment process
Classification code:523  Liquid Fuels - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.35e-01kg, Mass 5.54e-01kg, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.47e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 1.91e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Percentage 3.51e+01%, Percentage 3.55e+01%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 4.78e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.15e+01%, Percentage 7.93e+01%, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Time 2.59e+05s, Time 5.18e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.028

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 15>

Accession number:20193507378693
Title:Extraction of phenotypic information of maize plants in field by terrestrial laser scanning
Title of translation:&#22320;&#22522;&#28608;&#20809;&#38647;&#36798;&#25552;&#21462;&#22823;&#30000;&#29577;&#31859;&#26893;&#26666;&#34920;&#22411;&#20449;&#24687;
Authors:Su, Wei (1, 2); Jiang, Kunping (1, 2); Guo, Hao (1, 2); Liu, Zhe (1, 2); Zhu, Dehai (1, 2); Zhang, Xiaodong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:125-130
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Phenotypic information of individual corn plant is of great significance for the study on the rules of high yield and high efficiency growth of corn and the genotype determination on corn genetic breeding. However, the traditional method used to extract phenotypic information is time-consuming, inefficient and subjective, which cannot meet the needs of current corn research. For the past few years, the development of remote sensing technology has laid a foundation for the rapid and efficient extraction of crop phenotypic information. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has the characteristics of high precision, non-destructive measuring and multi-parameter-extraction, which is suitable for high-precision phenotypic analysis of crop breeding. The structure of the whole plant can be measured on a millimeter scale, and the data analysis process enables the multiple morphological plant parameters can be derived simultaneously in a single laser scan. Therefore, a TLS-based method for extracting phenotypic information of corn grown in field was proposed in this paper. Field experiments were carried out in Baoding City, Hebei province in 2016. In order to ensure the integrity of data, three stations were set up to scan the corn in the target sample, and Trimble TX8 3D scanner was used to obtain high-precision 3D point cloud data of corn in tasseling stage. Generating the required phenotypic parameters from the massive point cloud data was performed in a multi-step process, including multi-station data registration, removal of ground points and other invalid points, denoising, separation of individual corn from the corn population, resampling and separation of stem and leaves. Data registration was done using the Trimble Realworks software. Points represented invalid points such as ground points were removed using the adaptive triangulated irregular network (TIN) algorithm provided by version 016.004 of the Terrasolid software. This algorithm creates a sparse TIN from seed points and then iteratively densifies the TIN until all noise points are identified and removed. The denoising was done by Geomagic studio 2014 software. Individual corn plant was separated from the corn population using cloudcompare. Then resampling was performed. Finally, corn leaf points were separated from stalk points using the difference of normals (DoN) method. Providing a description of corn plants was helpful to simplify data processing without affecting the underlying point cloud and to achieve objective parameterization of growth state. Therefore, leaf model was constructed using triangle meshes, and corn leaf skeleton was extracted using Geomagic Studio 2014. Then the actual leaf area was calculated by calculating the sum of the areas of all triangular meshes. Leaf length was extracted by calculating the euclidean distance between the leaf points, and the leaf inclination angle was obtained by piecewise fitting with least square method based on leaf skeleton model. The plant height was calculated from the corn plant point cloud. To compare the values obtained by the proposed method in this paper and those obtained by manual measurement, the regression analysis was done with the root mean square error and calculated mean absolute percentage errors. Results showed that the determination coefficients (R²) of actual leaf area, leaf length, plant height and leaf inclination angle were 0.99, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively, the root mean square error were 12.69 cm², 1.31 cm, 1.30 cm and 5.12&deg; respectively, and the average relative errors were 2.38%, 1.32%, 0.61% and 8.96% respectively. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper can be used to extract the phenotypic information for individual corn. Advances in high-throughput phenotypes will be conceivable through the combination of digital imaging techniques and further automated data analysis steps. This will help speed up the process of plant breeding.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Plants (botany)
Controlled terms:Crops - Electric substations - Errors - Extraction - Imaging techniques - Information analysis - Iterative methods - Laser applications - Least squares approximations - Mean square error  - Musculoskeletal system - Population statistics - Regression analysis - Remote sensing - Scanning - Security of data - Steel beams and girders - Studios - Surveying instruments
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - Digital imaging techniques - Least square methods - Mean absolute percentage error - Parameters - Skeleton extraction - Terrestrial laser scanning - Triangulated irregular networks
Classification code:405.3  Surveying - 408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 461.3  Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 706.1  Electric Power Systems - 723.2  Data Processing and Image Processing - 744.9  Laser Applications - 746  Imaging Techniques - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 903.1  Information Sources and Analysis - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.27e-03m2, Percentage 1.32e+00%, Percentage 2.38e+00%, Percentage 6.10e-01%, Percentage 8.96e+00%, Size 1.30e-02m, Size 1.31e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.016

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 16>

Accession number:20193507380271
Title:High-efficiency recycling mode of agroforest wastes and its benefit analysis
Title of translation:&#20892;&#26519;&#24223;&#24323;&#29289;&#39640;&#25928;&#24490;&#29615;&#21033;&#29992;&#27169;&#24335;&#19982;&#25928;&#30410;&#20998;&#26512;
Authors:Cong, Hongbin (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Yao, Zonglu (1, 2); Jia, Jixiu (1, 2); Yuan, Yanwen (1, 2); Huo, Lili (1, 2); Wu, Yunong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:199-204
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China has abundant agroforestry residue resources. According to the statistics, the amount of crop straw and forestry residue reached 900 million and 300 million tons, respectively. At present, the use of agroforestry residues mainly includes fertilizer, raw material, energy, and feed. Realizing the efficient recycling of agroforestry waste resources is an important way to increase the added value of agroforestry, promote the green development of agroforestry, improve the rural energy structure, and enhance the rural human settlement environment. Biomass pyrolysis poly-generation based on slow pyrolysis technology of biomass, through pyrolysis gas purification and co-production technology integration, produces a wide range of products in clean gas, biochar, pyrolysis oil, vinegar, electricity and hot water. Biomass pyrolysis gas is clean and renewable, and it is an important energy source for the replacement of bulk coal in rural areas. Biochar can improve soil, and can also be processed to produce high quality energy products. Biomass pyrolysis poly-generation is one of the important ways to comprehensively utilize agricultural and forestry wastes, which can further enhance the comprehensive benefits of the development and utilization of agricultural and forestry waste resources, and have a good prospect for popularization and application. Based on the biomass pyrolysis carbon gas co-production technology, this paper constructs an energy-efficient resource efficient recycling application model for agriculture and forestry waste. Straw biochar is used for returning to the field, and wood charcoal for heating after molding. The pyrolysis gas is used for residents' cooking and hot water. The pyrolysis oil is burned for system heating, and the wood vinegar is diluted for insecticide. Under the conditions of 5 500 to 6 000 hours of operation, the Qiannanyu Pyrolysis Poly-generation Demonstration Project processes 2 500 t of various agricultural and forestry wastes annually, produces 700 t of biochar (including 150 t of straw biochar and 550 t of wood biochar), and produces more than 200 000 m³ of pyrolysis gas. The woody charcoal and pyrolysis gas can meet the requirements of 386 farmers in the village for winter heating and hot water for the whole year. The straw biochar is mixed with human and animal manure, all of which are used for returning to the field. The raw material purchase adopts the method of woody charcoal exchange, 5 t agricultural and forestry wastes are exchanged for 1 t carbon base fertilizer or woody charcoal for heating, and the pyrolysis gas is sold to the villagers at the price of 0.9 yuan/m³. The project is sustainable, reproducible and has significant social and environmental benefits, and it realizes a high value utilization of agroforestry waste, improves the energy structure of rural areas, and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Forestry
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Air purification - Biomass - Carbon - Charcoal - Energy efficiency - Fertilizers - Gases - Heating - Oils and fats  - Pyrolysis - Recycling - Rural areas - Sustainable development - Timber - Waste utilization - Wastes - Water
Uncontrolled terms:Applicability - Comprehensive benefit - Demonstration project - Development and utilizations - Efficient recycling - Project - Resource-efficient - Social and environmental
Classification code:452.3  Industrial Wastes - 524  Solid Fuels - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 643  Space Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.1  Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.98e+07s to 2.16e+07s, Volume 2.00e+05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.025

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 17>

Accession number:20193507380320
Title:Effects of different hydrothermal conditions on compositions and structural characteristics of microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization products from crop residues
Title of translation:&#19981;&#21516;&#27700;&#28909;&#26465;&#20214;&#23545;&#31224;&#31174;&#24494;&#27874;&#27700;&#28909;&#30899;&#21270;&#20135;&#29289;&#32452;&#25104;&#21644;&#32467;&#26500;&#29305;&#24615;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Niu, Wenjuan (1); Huang, Jinzhi (1); Zhong, Fei (2); Zhang, Shilin (1); Meng, Lingkai (1); Zhu, Tong (1); Yuan, Qiaoxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan; 432000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:205-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is important to fully understand the formation mechanism and the physicochemical characteristics evolution of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal products from crop residues, which is also of great significance for high added value utilization of crop residues and quality control of hydrothermal products. The control variable method was used to design the single factor experiment. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, retention time, catalyst and crop residue types on the compositions and structural characteristics of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal products from rice straw, corn stover, rape stalk and cotton stalk were studied. The results showed that with the increase of hydrothermal temperature and retention time, the pH value of the liquid products decreased first and then increased, reaching the lowest value of 3.13, while the electrical conductivity and PO<inf>4</inf>^3--P concentration of the liquid products increased first and then decreased, and the NH<inf>4</inf>⁺-N concentration of the liquid products increased and reached the highest concentration of 155 mg/L at 260&#8451;. With the increase of hydrothermal temperature and retention time, the yields, H/C and O/C of hydrothermal cokes decreased, while the fixed carbon, C and higher heating value (HHV) of hydrothermal cokes increased. The addition of alkaline catalyst of K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> decreased the C content, HHV value, carbon conversion rate and energy conversion rate of hydrothermal cokes from crop residues, while increased the O/C content of hydrothermal cokes. The carbon conversion rates and energy conversion rates of hydrothermal cokes from crop residue can reach 56.65%-98.13% and 58.22%-92.19%, respectively. With the increase of hydrothermal temperature and retention time, the fragmentation degree in the surface and interior of hydrothermal cokes of the four crop residues were getting more seriously, and the surface and interior of hydrothermal cokes exhibited more nano carbon microsphere structures, while the O-H bond of the hydrothermal cokes of the four crop residues increased first and then decreased. Higher hydrothermal temperature increased the aromatic hydrocarbon structures of C=C, C-H, C-C and active oxygen functional groups of C=O and C-O of hydrothermal cokes, while the aromatic hydrocarbon structures and active oxygen functional groups of hydrothermal cokes increased first and then decreased with the increase of retention time. With the increase of hydrothermal temperature and retention time, the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of hydrothermal cokes from crop residue increased first and then decreased. The addition of alkaline catalyst of K<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> increased the aromatic hydrocarbon structures, active oxygen functional groups, specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of hydrothermal cokes from crop residue. Comparing the four types of hydrothermal cokes from crop residues, the yields of hydrothermal cokes from cotton stalk and rice straw were higher, and the contents of C, H, volatile matter and the higher heating value of hydrothermal coke from rape stalk were the highest. The nano carbon microsphere structures of hydrothermal cokes from corn stover, rice straw and rape stalk were relatively obvious. Comparing the hydrothermal cokes from the other three types of crop residues, the specific surface area and pore volume of hydrothermal coke from cotton stalk were the largest, while the pore diameter was the smallest.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Coke
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Alkalinity - Aromatic hydrocarbons - Aromatization - Calorific value - Carbon - Carbonization - Catalysts - Cotton - Crops  - Energy conversion - Ionization of gases - Liquids - Microspheres - Microwaves - Mineral oils - Oxygen - Potash - Quality control - Specific surface area  - Straw - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Electrical conductivity - Hydrothermal conditions - Hydrothermal temperature - Microwave-assisted hydrothermal - Physicochemical characteristics - Retention time - Single-factor experiments - Structural characteristics
Classification code:513.3  Petroleum Products - 524  Solid Fuels - 525.5  Energy Conversion Issues - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 711  Electromagnetic Waves - 801.1  Chemistry, General - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.55e-01kg/m3, Percentage 5.66e+01% to 9.81e+01%, Percentage 5.82e+01% to 9.22e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.026

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 18>

Accession number:20193507380297
Title:Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on adaptive frequency slice wavelet transform
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#33258;&#36866;&#24212;&#39057;&#29575;&#20999;&#29255;&#23567;&#27874;&#21464;&#25442;&#30340;&#28378;&#21160;&#36724;&#25215;&#25925;&#38556;&#35786;&#26029;
Authors:Ma, Chaoyong (1); Sheng, Zhipeng (1); Xu, Yonggang (1, 2); Zhang, Kun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China; (2) Beijing Precision Measurement and Control Technology and Instrument Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing; 100124, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Yonggang(xyg_1975@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:34-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In industrial production, it is necessary to detect the running state of rolling bearings and diagnose their faults. When rolling bearing is damaged, the vibration signals collected often show the characteristics of non-stationary and modulation, and will inevitably be disturbed by strong noise, so it is very difficult to identify the fault features. How to effectively extract the components carrying fault feature information from complex non-stationary and modulated signals is the key of diagnosing bearing fault. Frequency slice wavelet transform (FSWT) uses frequency slice function based on the advantages of short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT), which makes the traditional Fourier transform realize time-frequency analysis function. The traditional fault diagnosis method based on FSWT determines the most suitable center frequency and the faulty bandwidth by comparing the results of different frequency band processing, and realizes the reconstruction and description of arbitrary frequency band and local characteristics of the signal. However, this method is inefficient, non-adaptive and can not guarantee that the frequency band screened manually contains the required fault information. Aiming at the problem that traditional methods rely on manual operation and have no self-adaptability, an adaptive frequency slice wavelet transform (AFSWT) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the signal spectrum is segmented continuously; spectrum segmentation covers the whole frequency band and avoids the process of manual selection of spectrum boundary. The method of equalization can improve the computational efficiency. Secondly, the spectral negative entropy is introduced as the evaluation basis to calculate the complexity of the signal in each frequency band in order to screen the cyclostationary information which may contain periodic shocks. Finally, the frequency band with the largest spectral negative entropy is selected and defined as the faulty center frequency and bandwidth. The signal components in the band are reconstructed and analyzed by envelope demodulation to realize fault diagnosis. The analysis results of a simulation signal show that the AFSWT method identifies the center frequency of 5 000 Hz and the bandwidth of 909 Hz, which is very close to the ideal result. Compared with fast spectral kurtosis, AFSWT has better applicability when the central frequency of signal is located in Fs/4, Fs/8 and Fs/16(Fs is the sampling frequency). Through the test of rolling bearing test-bench, the vibration signals of rolling bearing outer ring fault are collected and analyzed. After AFSWT analysis, the characteristic frequency and its 2-6 times frequency components can be clearly found in the envelope spectrum of the results. On the other hand, AFSWT takes 14.7 seconds to process test signals. The traditional FSWT needs repeated drawing of time-frequency distribution map, determination of central frequency band and selection of observation frequency, it often takes 5-10 minutes to determine the faulty center frequency and bandwidth. The above analysis shows that AFSWT can improve the calculation efficiency and screening accuracy by uniformly dividing the spectrum of the signal and screening the signal components according to the negative entropy of the spectrum. It is suitable for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fault detection
Controlled terms:Bandwidth - Bearings (structural) - Computational efficiency - Efficiency - Entropy - Failure analysis - Roller bearings - Spectrum analysis - Vibration analysis - Wavelet transforms
Uncontrolled terms:Characteristic frequencies - Frequency slice wavelet transforms - Negative entropies - Observation frequencies - Short time Fourier transforms - Time frequency analysis - Time-frequency distributions - Vibration
Classification code:401.1  Bridges - 601.2  Machine Components - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 5.00e+03Hz, Frequency 9.09e+02Hz, Time 3.00e+02s to 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.005

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 19>

Accession number:20193507380197
Title:Construction and application of arable land quality evaluation system based on sustainable development demand
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21487;&#25345;&#32493;&#21457;&#23637;&#38656;&#27714;&#30340;&#32789;&#22320;&#36136;&#37327;&#35780;&#20215;&#20307;&#31995;&#26500;&#24314;&#19982;&#24212;&#29992;
Authors:Wen, Liangyou (1, 2); Kong, Xiangbin (1, 2); Zhang, Bangbang (3); Sun, Xiaobing (1, 2); Xin, Yunna (1, 2); Zhang, Qingpu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farmland Quality and Monitoring, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&amp;F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Xiangbin(kxb@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:234-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The evaluation of arable land quality is one of the important means to protect and manage arable land. In order to meet the needs of current arable land management work and protect the safety of national arable land resources, it is necessary to establish an arable land quality index system to evaluate the arable land quality. Based on the change of human demand for arable land resources, the components of arable land use system and the relationship between various components of arable land use system, this paper systematically expounded the theoretical framework of arable land quality evaluation,and the evaluation index system of arable land quality was established by the matching of different demand hierarchy characteristics of human and supply of arable land resources. The evaluation index system of arable land quality consisted of five dimensions: geology characteristics, soil traits, farming conditions, health status of arable land and biological characteristics of arable land. According to the different characteristics of each dimension of arable land quality, suitable evaluation methods were selected. The three dimensions of geology characteristics, soil traits and farming conditions were calculated by using the weighted additive. The health status of arable land is calculated by the "1+X" cumulative model; the biological characteristics of arable land were calculated by coefficients. Then, the quality of arable land for high yield and high efficiency demand was evaluated by the method of additive, and the quality of arable land for green health and sustainable development was evaluated by the method of revised. The quality of arable land in Daxing District of Beijing was evaluated by using multi-source and multi-scale data. The results showed that the evaluation results of arable land quality in Daxing District were divided into five grades at equal intervals of 20 points. The arable land quality index [80,100] was excellent, [60, 80) was good, [40, 60) was medium, [20, 40) was lower, and [0, 20) was poor. Under the conditions of high yield and high efficiency, the excellent area accounted for 88.27% of the total arable land, the good accounted for 11.73%. Under the condition of green health demand, the excellent accounted for 73.61% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 26.39%. Under the conditions of sustainable development demand, the excellent accounted for 3.03% of the total arable land, and the good accounted for 52.30%, medium accounted for 40.39%, and lower accounted for 4.27%. From the perspective of space, the results of arable land quality evaluation of high yield, high efficiency, green health and sustainable development demand were all high in the east and low in the west. By comparing the results of arable land quality evaluation under different demand conditions, the area of arable land in excellent is decreasing, while the area of arable land in good, medium and lower is increasing. The health status of arable land and the biological characteristics of arable land have become important factors affecting the quality improvement of arable land. Research conclusions are that the evaluation index system of arable land quality based on sustainable development demand can provide effective support for the evaluation and management of arable land, and is more in line with the national quantity, quality and ecological management needs of arable land.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Additives - Agriculture - Efficiency - Environmental protection - Geology - Grading - Health - Land use - Planning - Research and development management  - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Biological characteristic - Daxing District - Ecological managements - Evaluation index system - Geology characteristics - Indicator system - Integrated algorithm
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 481.1  Geology - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2  Management - 913.1  Production Engineering - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 3.03e+00%, Percentage 4.04e+01%, Percentage 4.27e+00%, Percentage 5.23e+01%, Percentage 7.36e+01%, Percentage 8.83e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.030

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 20>

Accession number:20193507379378
Title:Design of non-circular gear linkage combination driving type vegetable pot seedling transplanting mechanism
Title of translation:&#38750;&#22278;&#40831;&#36718;-&#36830;&#26438;&#32452;&#21512;&#20256;&#21160;&#24335;&#34092;&#33756;&#38069;&#33495;&#31227;&#26685;&#26426;&#26500;&#35774;&#35745;
Authors:Sun, Liang (1, 2); Shen, Jiahao (1); Zhou, Yuzhu (1); Ye, Zhizheng (1); Yu, Gaohong (1); Wu, Chuanyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Transplanting Equipment and Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Chuanyu(cywu@zstu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:26-33
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Vegetable pot seedling transplantation has many advantages, such as high survival rate, promoting crop early maturity and improving land use rate. Mechanized transplanting of vegetable can be divided into semi-automatic transplanting and fully-automatic transplanting. Semi-automatic transplanting is mainly carried out by feeding the seedlings into the seedling transplanter manually, which has low efficiency and high labor intensity, and it is not conducive to field operations. At present, the automatic transplanting machine mainly adopts multiple mechanisms to complete a series of actions such as picking up seedling, conveying and planting, but it has the disadvantages of complex structure, high cost and low efficiency. In order to simplify the structure, the way to complete the transplanting operation with a single mechanism is proposed. However, due to the complicated working trajectory of transplanting vegetable seedling and much posture requirements, the transmission ratio of the mechanism is required to be changed greatly, which resulting in the irregular shape of the non-circular gear section of the single planetary gear is not conducive to processing and affects the transmission performance of the gear. A double-planetary non-circular gears linkage of vegetable pot seedling transplanting mechanism is proposed to solve the problem mentioned above in this paper. The transmission part of transplanting mechanism is composed of planetary gear train mechanism and crank rocker mechanism, The main planetary frame rotates at a uniform speed, through the transmission of internal gears and connecting rods, the unequal transmission of non-circular gear system and the periodic variable-speed swing of crank-rocker mechanism are superimposed, which makes the sub-planetary frame swing with respect to the main planetary frame and the transplanting arm rotate with respect to the sub-planetary frame, thus the transmission ratio needed to realize the complex transplanting trajectory and posture is obtained. Non-uniform B-spline curve is applied to fit the pitch curve of non-circular gear to obtain closed, smooth and continuous pitch curves, and the mathematical model of gear train is established based on coordinate transformation theory. Based on the development platform of Matlab, an optimization program is compiled to analyze the effect of transmission case noncircular gear pitch curve and crank rocker mechanism on the shape of trajectory. Further, the effects of the structure and position parameters of the gears and transplanting arm on the target parameters of the transplanting trajectory are analyzed. According to the requirements of 220 mm planting spacing, 120 mm seedling height and 40 mm deep pot for celery transplantation, a set of sharp beak trajectory that satisfies the requirements of the operation posture of picking up seedling and planting is optimized. The optimizing values are that the length of the picking up seedling trajectory is 33 mm, the distance from the lowest point of the trajectory to the lowest point of the planet carrier is 55 mm, the angle of picking up seedlings is 23&deg;, the angle of change in the process of picking up seedlings is 16&deg;, the angle of planting seedlings is 65&deg;, the whole height of the trajectory is 355 mm, and the height of the buckle of the moving trajectory is 125 mm. A three-dimensional model of the mechanism is built and a virtual simulation is performed based on the optimization result. The results show that the simulated trajectory and velocity of the transplanting mechanism are basically consistent with the theoretical results. The trajectory and postures of the transplanting arm are analyzed by a test bench, industrial camera and image processing software. The results show that the trajectory of seedling-taking and seedling-pushing sections coincides with the simulation trajectory basically and the theoretical data, and the error is within 2 mm, which can meet the requirements of transplanting operation, the transplanting mechanism designed is reasonable and feasible.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Trajectories
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Curve fitting - Design - Efficiency - Epicyclic gears - Image processing - Land use - Machine design - Mathematical transformations - MATLAB  - Mechanisms - Plants (botany) - Seed - Software testing - Transplants - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Co-ordinate transformation - Image-processing software - Non-circular gears - Seedling transplanting - Three-dimensional model - Transmission performance - Transplanting mechanisms - Variable speed
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 462.4  Prosthetics - 601  Mechanical Design - 723.5  Computer Applications - 821.1  Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering - 921.3  Mathematical Transformations - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e-01m, Size 1.25e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.20e-01m, Size 3.30e-02m, Size 3.55e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 5.50e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.004

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 21>

Accession number:20193507379187
Title:Biological characteristics of African swine fever virus and its prevention and control measures in pork food production
Title of translation:&#38750;&#27954;&#29482;&#30239;&#30149;&#27602;&#29983;&#29289;&#23398;&#29305;&#24615;&#21450;&#22312;&#29482;&#32905;&#29983;&#20135;&#20013;&#30340;&#38450;&#25511;&#25514;&#26045;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:He, Zhifei (1, 2); Yu, Sijie (1); Li, Hongjun (1, 2); Li, Shaobo (1); Li, Minhan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Special Food, Chongqing; 400715, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:299-304
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:African swine fever is a potent foreign disease caused by African swine fever virus that was first discovered in Africa. It is not a zoonotic disease, but the incidence of this disease is extremely high. Once it occurs, it will cause a large number of pigs' deaths. Before 2018, China had no reports about the African swine fever epidemic. Since the first discovery of the African swine fever epidemic in Shenyang, Liaoning, China in August 2018, in January 25, 2019, there were in total 104 cases of domestic pig outbreaks in 25 provinces across the country. At present, there is no specific medicine for treating African swine fever, and no effective preventive vaccine. Once the epidemic is found, the sick pig must be culled and harmlessly treated, which will cause huge losses to the pig breeding industry. And it takes a long time to eradicate this disease, almost 5 to 35 years, which requires huge manpower, financial resources and material resources. It also causes a huge economic loss and also seriously threatens the market requirement of the industrial chain. Under natural conditions, pigs are infected with African swine fever mainly through indirect or direct contact with sick pigs or pork products carrying the virus. The introduction of African swine fever in Russia, France and other countries is mainly through the transport of pork or pigs. The main influencing factors causing African swine fever purification failures in Russia include the illegal transshipment of viral pork products. The virus is relatively stable in food and can exist for a long time. With the frequent development of international trade, the risk of African swine fever virus entering the world through pork food is also increasing, which is very unfavorable for controlling the epidemic. Many countries are aware of the importance of strengthening the supervision of pork and pork products which contribute to hinder the spread of the virus. Studies have shown that African swine fever virus can spread through kitchen waste and swill, making the epidemic difficult to control, spreading the epidemic, and causing huge losses to the pig industry and the food industry. In the meanwhile, the epidemic has been closely observed by consumers, and food safety issues are imminent. At present, the reports on the prevention and control of African swine fever are mainly focused on the epidemic origin, namely pig breeding industry, and there are few reports on the prevention and control of pork products enterprises. Therefore, this paper proposes that prevention of African swine fever virus requires timely detection and control. Meanwhile, practitioners should be aware of the hazards posed by African swine fever and take measures to protect the herd and prevent the spread of the epidemic. For food companies, they should take countermeasures, conduct comprehensive prevention and control in the process of raw material procurement, production and sales. By preventing pork and pork products from entering the market, the spread of African swine fever virus can be effectively cut down. Besides it also helps to promote the development of the pig breeding industry, and ensure food safety. This has important researchable significances and practical values.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:71
Main heading:Disease control
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Agricultural products - Biotechnology - Computer viruses - Food safety - International trade - Losses - Mammals - Meats - Viruses
Uncontrolled terms:African swine fever - African swine fever virus - Biological characteristic - Comprehensive preventions - Detection and controls - Market requirements - Material procurement - Prevention and controls
Classification code:461.8  Biotechnology - 461.9  Biology - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 822.3  Food Products - 911.2  Industrial Economics - 914.1  Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+00yr to 3.50e+01yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.038

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 22>

Accession number:20193507380131
Title:Mango double-sided maturity online detection and classification system
Title of translation:&#33426;&#26524;&#21452;&#38754;&#25104;&#29087;&#24230;&#22312;&#32447;&#26816;&#27979;&#20998;&#32423;&#31995;&#32479;
Authors:Xiang, Yang (1); Lin, Jiewen (1); Li, Yajun (1); Hu, Zhengfang (1); Xiong, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:259-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Mangoes are ripe fruits. The maturity classification of mangoes can provide convenience for mango ripening, processing, packaging and transportation. Compared with spherical fruit, mango is special shape and soft texture, and its multi-side images are difficult to acquire. Aiming at the irregular shape of mango and the difficulty of detecting the entire appearance, a mango double-sided maturity online detection and classification system based on transfer learning was proposed. The system is mainly composed of conveying device, flexible turning-over mechanism, image acquisition device, grading device and control system. According to the maturity grading standard, the mango is divided into three levels: green ripe, mature and overripe. Then, the mangoes are transported to the image acquisition area through the upper and lower conveyor belts, and image acquisition device obtain images from opposite sides. The control system combines the two-sided image of mango for maturity analysis, and the control grading device classifies mango according to the grading results. A flexible turning-over mechanism is arranged between the two conveyor belts, and the mango is clamped by two flexible belts with the same moving speed and opposite direction, which can ensure that a mango is only turned over once. The mechanical parameters of mango were measured by texture analyzer, and the maximum extrusion force of mango was 1.47-15N through ANSYS analysis. Then, the spring is adaptively adjusted to maintain the proper clamping force for the mango. The whole process of the device is carried out by the motor to drive the conveyor belt to achieve mango transportation. Conveying speed can be adjusted from 0 to 0.5m/s. The upper conveyor belt camera and the lower conveyor belt camera of the device respectively acquire the front and back images of each mango into one image, and the combined image size is 640&times;960 pixels. The image is preprocessed, and the size of the image is scaled to 224&times;224 pixels. At the same time, the gray value of each channel is determined in the range of -127-128. In order to acquire the mango classification results, we use the pretrained_dl_classifier_ compact.hdl model pre-trained by hdevelop. 1100 mango samples were used to test. The data were divided into training set, validation set and test set in the ratio of 8:1.5:1.5. SGD method was used to train and validate convolutional neural network. Making tuning of hyper-parameters and setting the appropriate learning rate to 0.001, batch processing to 64, momentum to 0.5. TOP1 error was used as the evaluation standard. When the number of iterations is 460, the Top1 error value of the training set is 3.6%, and the Top1 error value of the validation set is 2.0%. The training model is ideal. The trained convolution neural network model was used to classify 150 mango test sets. The average time consumed for systematic determination of single sample was 0.16 s. The average accuracy of mango maturity classification using convolution neural network model was 96.72%, Among them, the grading effect of maturity of green ripe mango was better, and its accuracy was 97.67%. The accuracy rates of mature and over-ripening were 96.00% and 96.49% respectively. This paper presents an on-line double-sided mango maturity detection and classification device based on transfer learning, and trains the model, which can provide reference for mango maturity automatic classification.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Batch data processing - Belt conveyors - Cameras - Classification (of information) - Computer vision - Control systems - Convolution - Digital storage - Errors - Grading  - Image acquisition - Learning systems - Models - Neural networks - Pixels - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Automatic classification - Classification results - Classification system - Convolution neural network - Convolutional neural network - Double sided - Mango - Maturity
Classification code:692.1  Conveyors - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1  Control Systems - 742.2  Photographic Equipment - 821.4  Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Force 1.47e+00N to 1.50e+01N, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.60e+00%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Percentage 9.65e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Percentage 9.77e+01%, Time 1.60e-01s, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 5.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.033

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 23>

Accession number:20193507379344
Title:Influence of biochar on migration of pesticide degradation product trichloro pyridinol in soil
Title of translation:&#29983;&#29289;&#28845;&#23545;&#20892;&#33647;&#38477;&#35299;&#20135;&#29289;&#19977;&#27695;&#21537;&#21878;&#37255;&#22312;&#22303;&#22756;&#20013;&#36801;&#31227;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Lei, Wenjuan (1, 2, 3); Zhou, Xiangyang (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Economics, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (2) Institute of China Karst Rural Revitalization Studies, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China; (3) College of Architecture &amp; Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu; 610065, China; (4) College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang; 550025, China
Corresponding author:Zhou, Xiangyang(xyzhou6@gzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:173-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, the objective aims at exploring the influence of biochar application on the rapid migration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), the main degrading product of the wide-spread insecticide chlorpyrifos and the herbicide chlorophyll in purple soil where the large pore and preferential flow exist widely. Considering these objectives, a control group experiment with a series of biochar application ratio of 0, 1% and 2% (mass content) was designed. Above all, the isothermal adsorption experiment was used to analyze the change of adsorption capacity after the application of biochar with different ratios. Then the influence of biochar application on the soil structure and porous distribution were discussed on the basis of the reconstructed soil columns using the computed tomography (CT) scanning images. The breakthrough curve of TCP mixed the tracer of bromide ion was employed to analyze the effective degree of biochar application to reduce the migration of TCP. Finally, model establishment and parameter inversion were used to reveal the physical and chemical mechanisms of the reduction of TCP migration by biochar application. The results reveal that the application of biochar significantly changes the pore structure of the soil, which in turn changes the hydraulic properties of the soil and affects the migration of TCP. The pore structure of reconstructed soil based on CT scan has revealed that the application of biochar increases the total porosity of the soil, but reduces the soil's large porosity and average large pore diameter, while the pore shape factor also decreases. These changes reduce the movement rate, diffusion coefficient and the proportion of mobile water. When the application ratios of biochar are 0, 1% and 2%, the soil mobile water volume fraction are 31%, 27%, 25%, and the hydrodynamic diffusion coefficients are 2.15, 1.83 and 1.45 cm²/h, respectively. The reductions of these parameters significantly delay the time that contaminants enter the water body. The adsorption of soil on TCP increases significantly after the application of biochar. In the isothermal adsorption experiment, the K<inf>f</inf> values are 0.80, 0.99 and 1.03 mg^1-nLⁿ/kg, corresponding to the ratios of biochar application (0, 1% and 2%). In the breakthrough curve experiment, the peak concentrations of the outflows are 0.82, 0.55 and 0.39 after a continually inputting 1 PV TCP, and the reductions of peak concentrations are about 31.40% and 52.44% with application of 1% and 2% of biochar in the soil, respectively. The parameters from the inversion simulation indicate that the soil adsorption characteristics, including the retardation factor R, the fraction of adsorption sites f and first-order mass transfer coefficient a, are significantly increased. Therefore, this study reveals that the biochar application effectively reduces the migration rate of TCP in purple soil, and initially uncovers the interacting mechanisms by changing soil pore structure, hydraulic parameters and adsorption dynamics, which are useful in agricultural non-point source pollution. However, limited by the resolution of the CT scanning images, the results only reveal the change of large pores (the diameter equaling to or larger than 267 mm). This study provides a reference for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Adsorption - Agriculture - Computerized tomography - Degradation - Diffusion - Groundwater flow - Isotherms - Pollution control - Pore structure - Porosity  - Soils - Transmission control protocol
Uncontrolled terms:3 ,5 ,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol - Adsorption characteristic - Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Bio chars - Contaminant migration - Isothermal adsorption - Model simulation - Pesticide degradation product
Classification code:444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5  Computer Applications - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931.2  Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 5.24e+01%, Size 2.67e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.022

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 24>

Accession number:20193507380062
Title:Effect of acid and alkali pretreatment on product characteristics of watermelon peel microwave hydrothermal carbonization
Title of translation:&#37240;&#30897;&#39044;&#22788;&#29702;&#23545;&#35199;&#29916;&#30382;&#24494;&#27874;&#27700;&#28909;&#28845;&#21270;&#20135;&#29289;&#29305;&#24615;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Shao, Yuchao (1); Long, Yuyang (1); Zhou, Ying (1); Jin, Zhiyuan (1); Zhou, Dan (1); Shen, Dongsheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Corresponding author:Long, Yuyang(longyy@zjgsu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:214-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Abstract: Watermelon peelis a typical biomass waste, which is stacking with a speed of 70 million tons per year in China. While at the same time, watermelon peel is mainly disposed by landfilling or incinerating with other waste, leading to secondary pollution and a squandering of resources. Therefore, using advanced green technology, biomass wastes represented by watermelon peel can be effectively transformed into environmentally friendly alternative resources. In this study, watermelon peel was selected as typical biomass waste to explore the resource potential of microwave hydrothermal (MHT) treatment under drying, acid and alkali treating process. This work simultaneously considered the solid phase products and liquid phase products after MHT treatment. Results showed that when the MHT temperatures were between 130&#8451; and 190&#8451;, the yield of hydrochar could reach 86.01% after alkali treatment (170&#8451;), significantly higher than that in drying treatment and acid treatment. However, its calorific value was lower than 17 MJ/kg, which means it had no potential to be a fuel. Meanwhile, drying and acid treatment could not only obtain hydrochar conforming to standard coal whose high heating value is in range of 17-28 MJ/kg, but more importantly, high value-added 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (FF) could be obtained in liquid phase products. The yields of HMF and FF in these treatments were significantly affected by MHT temperature. The results of Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the watermelon peel was hydrolyzed and decarboxylated under MHT conditions after drying and acid treatment, and became more intense with increasing temperature. The decrease of pH and the leaching efficiency of total organic carbon with the increase of MHT temperature can also reflect the intensification of hydrolysis reaction and decarboxylation reaction. In addition, the SEM image showed that a large number and size of microspheres appeared on the surface of the hydrochar obtained by the drying treatment and the acid treatment, which may affect the performance of the hydrochar and the yield of HMF. Moreover, the acid treatment can obtain a higher HMF yield of 3.3 % under MHT temperature of 130&#8451; at a low energy consumption as compared with the drying treatment. This means that 33 kg of HMF can be obtained by treating one ton of dried watermelon peel under this condition. According to the market price of HMF, the value is 165 182 yuan which means that the economic value of processing a ton of fresh watermelon peel is 6 607 yuan. In addition, the hydrochar yield of 25.96% obtained by acid treatment under corresponding MHT temperature also showed its economic value due to the market price of standard coal (700 yuan per ton). In addition, the simple economic calculation shows that the energy consumption of the process for treating 1 ton of fresh watermelon peel is only 66 yuan. The superiority of acid treatment on the transformation of watermelon peel resources was explained. Therefore, from the perspective of comprehensive economic output and input, the process has great potential for industrial application.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:51
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Biomass - Calorific value - Carbonization - Carboxylation - Commerce - Energy utilization - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Hydrolysis - Infrared drying - Organic carbon  - Temperature - Water pollution
Uncontrolled terms:5 hydroxymethyl furfurals - Bio chars - Decarboxylation reactions - Environmentally friendly alternatives - Increasing temperatures - Low energy consumption - Microwave hydrothermal - Product characteristics
Classification code:452.4  Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453  Water Pollution - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 801  Chemistry - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.30e+01kg, Mass 9.07e+02kg, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+00%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Specific_Energy 1.70e+07J/kg, Specific_Energy 1.70e+07J/kg to 2.80e+07J/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.027

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 25>

Accession number:20193507379113
Title:Effects of potassium fertilizer on endogenous hormone content and acid metabolism in fruit of apple cv. 'Red Delicious'
Title of translation:&#38078;&#32933;&#26045;&#29992;&#23545;&#20803;&#24069;&#33529;&#26524;&#26524;&#23454;&#20869;&#28304;&#28608;&#32032;&#21547;&#37327;&#21450;&#37240;&#20195;&#35874;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Guo, Zhigang (1, 2); Li, Wenfang (1); Mao, Juan (1); Zuo, Cunwu (1); Chen, Baihong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Tianshui Fruit Research Institute, Tianshui; 741000, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Baihong(bhch@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:281-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:K plays an important role in fruit growth and development. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the regulation mechanism of Kon acid metabolism in apple fruit. In this study, the field positioning experiment of 2 years was used, and the 7-year-old 'Vallee spur Del.' apple tree was used as the research object. The K-free fertilizer was used as the control (CK), and 4 treatments were set according to the K<inf>2</inf>O dosage, namely T1 (0.20 kg/ plant), T2 (0.35 kg/plant), T3 (0.50 kg/plant) and T4 (0.65kg/plant). All of the treatments were applied three times, namely including initial fruiting stage (30%), fruit expansion stage (40%) and fruit ripening stage ( 30%). Four radial 30~40 cm deep ditches were excavated in the tree pan during fertilization and irrigated after fertilization. The regulation mechanism of K on acid metabolism of 'Red Delicious' apple fruit was discussed through the determination and analysis of K accumulation, fruit quality, endogenous hormone content, organic acid content and acid metabolism related enzyme activities in different organs during its growth and development. The results showed that fruit weight, Vc content, soluble solids content and hardness increased with the increase of K application, but there was no significant difference between T4 and T3 (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with CK, the single fruit weight, Vc content and hardness of T4 increased by 24.40%, 14.60% and 7.68% in 2016, and also increased by 16.30%, 14.55% and 6.93% in 2017, respectively. The titratable acid content decreased with the increase of K application, and the difference of T4 was the most significant (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with CK, the titratable acid content of T4 in 2016 and 2017 decreased by 26.47% and 18.18%, respectively. At different growth stages, the order of K accumulation was T4 &gt; T3 &gt; T2 &gt; T1 &gt; CK, and there was no significant difference between T4 and T3 (P &lt; 0.05). The absorption and storage of K⁺ in leaves are mainly concentrated in the early growth stage. With the growth and development of trees, K accumulated in leaves gradually transfers to fruit branches and other parts for their growth and development, resulting in the gradual decrease of K⁺ content in leaves. K application increased the contents of ZR, IAA and GA in fruits from 30 to 120 days after anthesis, and ABA content at 150 days after anthesis. T3 had the most significant effect on the content of ABA (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with CK, ABA content of T3 increased by 15.28% and 18.08% in 2016 and 2017 at 150 days after anthesis, respectively. The content of malic acid and citric acid decreased with the increase of K application. Compared with CK, the content of malic acid and citric acid of T4 at 150 days after anthesis decreased by 34.68% and 12.3% in 2016, and also decreased by 32.60% and 16.0% in 2017, respectively. The activities of MDH and PEPC decreased with the increase of K application, while the activities of PEPCK and NAD-cy ME increased with the increase of K application from 120 d to 150 d after anthesis. The activities of PEPCK and NAD-cy ME from T4 at 150 days after anthesis increased by 13.3% and 16.9% in 2016, and also increased by 18.9% and 20.3% in 2017, respectively. At the ripening stage, single fruit weight and soluble solids content were positively correlated with IAA and ABA (P &lt; 0.01), titratable acid content was positively correlated with GA, ZR and IAA (P &lt; 0.05), and negatively correlated with ABA (P &lt; 0.01). Malic acid and oxaloacetic acid were positively correlated with ZR and IAA (P &lt; 0.01) and negatively correlated with ABA (P &lt; 0.01). MDH and PEPC were positively correlated with IAA (P &lt; 0.01) and negatively correlated with ABA (P &lt; 0.05). PEPCK was positively correlated with ABA (P &lt; 0.01). NAD-cy ME was negatively correlated with IAA (P &lt; 0.05) and positively correlated with ABA (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, K affects the activity of enzymes related to organic acid metabolism by regulating the content of endogenous hormones in fruits, and then affects the acid metabolism of fruits, reduces the organic acid content in fruits, and improves the fruit quality.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:56
Main heading:Fruits
Controlled terms:Citric acid - Endocrinology - Enzymes - Forestry - Hardness - Hormones - Metabolism - Organic acids - Plants (botany) - Potassium  - Potassium fertilizers - Quality control
Uncontrolled terms:'Red Delicious - Activity of enzymes - Different growth stages - Endogenous hormones - Field positioning - Growth and development - Regulation mechanisms - Soluble solids content
Classification code:461.2  Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 549.1  Alkali Metals - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.2  Agricultural Chemicals - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 4.11e-01yr, Age 8.22e-02yr to 3.29e-01yr, Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 1.53e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 2.44e+01%, Percentage 2.65e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.93e+00%, Percentage 7.68e+00%, Size 3.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.036

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 26>

Accession number:20193507378685
Title:Classification of storage wheat grain quality based on multi-index analysis and fisher discriminant criterion
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;Fisher&#21028;&#21035;&#27861;&#21017;&#30340;&#23567;&#40614;&#21697;&#36136;&#22810;&#25351;&#26631;&#20998;&#32423;
Authors:Jiang, Huawei (1); Zhou, Tongxing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Information Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:291-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Physiological and biochemical indices play a significant role in the evaluation of wheat storage quality. The changes in the storage environment and time will not only cause the deterioration of wheat quality but also cause significant changes of wheat physiological and biochemical indices. However, the information expressed is quite different, which brings great inconvenience to the analysis of wheat storage quality. To solve this problem, a multi-index analysis model of wheat storage quality was proposed in this paper. The falling number, germination rate, peroxidase, fatty acid, conductivity, reducing sugar were selected. Seven physiological and biochemical indices of malondialdehyde were selected as the key factors in this paper. First, the KMO (kaiser-meyer-olkin) and Bartlett's sphericity method were used to test the wheat index, and it was found that the KMO measure value was 0.807 &gt; 0.7, SIG value was less than 0.001, which indicated that the selected index and the measured data were suitable for factor analysis. Then the correlation of wheat index was calculated by the European similarity coefficient and PCA(principal components analysis). The results showed that the distance between the falling number and fatty acid, reducing sugar value, malondialdehyde and conductivity was small, which indicated that the effect of these five indices on the quality of wheat was the same. Meanwhile, these five indices are very far away from germination rate and peroxidase, indicating that they are different in expressing the quality of wheat. In addition, the distance between the germination rate and peroxidase is very close. It shows that the two indices reflect the same quality in some degree. The sensitivity of fatty acid is the highest (0.186), which indicates that it has the greatest influence on the evaluation result, so this index can be used as the key index to evaluate wheat quality, and the sensitivity of peroxidase (0.160) is the least, and it has the least influence on the evaluation result. After a comprehensive analysis, the peroxidase was eliminated and the other six indices were retained for further calculation. Then, a systematic classification method based on nearest element and square Euclidean distance is used to cluster the wheat data. The classification results show that the wheat sample is composed of three kinds of data with obvious classification characteristics. The primary classification of wheat was obtained by analyzing the distribution of fatty acid data, and the discriminant function was obtained by using the Fisher discriminant method to train wheat data. According to the discriminant function, the center value of excellent wheat was -5.699. The center value of medium wheat was 1.316 and the center value of poor wheat was 3.945. By comparing the distance between the value of unknown wheat under this function and the center value of these three kinds of wheat, the unknown wheat classification can be identified. If a batch of wheat has the smallest distance to one center value of these three kinds of wheat, then it would be identified as this classification. The final test analysis shows: The result of the classification of wheat storage quality by the discriminant model in this paper is up to 88.9% in accordance with the classification of an actual reference standard. The analysis model in this paper is basically correct, which can not only provide technical support for the construction of quality evaluation system of stored wheat, but also guide the analysis and discrimination of other grain crops to a certain extent.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Aldehydes - Classification (of information) - Cultivation - Deterioration - Digital storage - Fatty acids - Function evaluation - Grain (agricultural product) - Models  - Physiological models - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Principal component analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Biochemical indices - Fisher discriminant - Fisher discriminant criterion - Principal components analysis - Quality evaluation system - Similarity analysis - Similarity coefficients - System clustering
Classification code:461.9  Biology - 716.1  Information Theory and Signal Processing - 722.1  Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.3  Quality Assurance and Control - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 951  Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.89e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.037

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 27>

Accession number:20193507379182
Title:Experiment on flusher-disinfection effect by slightly acidic electrolyzed water in poultry hatcheries
Title of translation:&#23413;&#21270;&#22330;&#24494;&#37240;&#24615;&#30005;&#35299;&#27700;&#20914;&#27927;&#28040;&#27602;&#25928;&#26524;&#35797;&#39564;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Wei, Yongxiang (1, 2); Li, Zonggang (1, 2); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3); Tu, Jiang (1, 2); Zheng, Weichao (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Zheng, Weichao(weichaozheng@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:157-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Regular flusher-disinfection in hatcheries is an important measure to prevent epidemic diseases. However, traditional chemical disinfectants used in hatcheries can cause toxic residue, low disinfection effect and bacterial resistance. In practical production of hatchery, the traditional clean-in-place including three parts: 1) surface of the inside wall of the hatcher, 2) surface of the floor, 3) surface of the hatching basket. The flusher-disinfection durations were set 4 min for the surface of the inside wall of the hatcher and the floor and 40 s for the surface of the hatching basket with traditional chemical disinfectants (povidone-iodine solution or benzalkonium bromide solution) to reduce the number of bacterial microorganisms and maintain good hygiene condition. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH=5.0-6.5) is proved to be a broad-spectrum, high-efficiency, low corrosive, residue-free, and environment-friendly disinfectant, which could be a potential alternative disinfection of the traditional chemical disinfectants. Aiming at finding an optimal of using SAEW in cleaning hatcher and reducing cleaning costs, an experiment with three components: bacterial distribution on the surface of the hatching equipment, germicidal efficacy of various disinfectants, and the effect of disinfection time on the sterilizing rate were conducted. Surface swabbing was used to sample the total bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the inside wall, floor, and hatching basket of the hatching equipment. SAEW with the concentrations of 60, 80, and 100 mg/L, as alternative disinfections of flusher disinfection, were chosen to compare with two traditional chemical disinfectants (povidone-iodine solution and benzalkonium bromide solution) by single-factor test. In the study of the effect of disinfection time on the sterilizing rate, disinfection durations were set as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 min for the surface of inside wall and floor, and 10, 20, 30, 40 s for the surface of hatching basket, respectively. high-pressure water jet with nozzle orifice diameter of 2.2 mm operated at 3.5 MPa was used in the whole cleaning process. The results showed that flusher-disinfection using 60-100 mg/L (available chlorine concentration, ACC) slightly acidic electrolytic water could effectively reduce the total bacteria (total aerobic bacteria), Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the inside wall and floor in hatcheries, and the surface of hatching basket. The bactericidal effect increased with the increase of ACC and treatment time. The total bacteria sterilization rates were 93.9% and 85.6% by flusher-disinfection using 100 mg/L SAEW at the duration of 3 min for the surface of the inside walls and floor of hatchers, respectively, which was significantly higher than using 50 mg/L povidone-iodine solution or 50 mg/L benzalkonium bromide solution (P&lt;0.05). Flusher-disinfection using 100 mg/L SAEW for 40 s on the hatching basket surfaces could reach a sterilization rate of 79.6%. The bactericidal effect of flusher-disinfection in hatches could be improved by using SAEW which is also a broad-spectrum and non-residual disinfectant, and flusher-disinfection using SAEW can be an alternative to traditional chemical disinfectants used for disinfection in hatcheries.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:37
Main heading:Disinfection
Controlled terms:Aerobic bacteria - Bactericides - Cleaning - Disinfectants - Electrolytic cleaning - Escherichia coli - Floors - Fumigation - Sterilization (cleaning)
Uncontrolled terms:Available chlorine concentrations - Chemical disinfectants - Germicidal efficacies - Hatcheries - High-pressure water jets - Slightly acidic electrolyzed waters - Staphylococcus aureus - Total aerobic bacteria
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 461  Bioengineering and Biology - 461.6  Medicine and Pharmacology - 802.3  Chemical Operations - 803  Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-02kg/m3 to 1.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 7.96e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 9.39e+01%, Pressure 3.50e+06Pa, Size 2.20e-03m, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 2.40e+02s, Time 3.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.020

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 28>

Accession number:20193507380201
Title:Effect of increasing CO<inf>2</inf> concentration on photosynthesis and leaf water use efficiency of crops
Title of translation:&#22823;&#27668;CO<inf>2</inf>&#27987;&#24230;&#22686;&#21152;&#23545;&#20316;&#29289;&#20809;&#21512;&#24615;&#33021;&#21450;&#21494;&#29255;&#27700;&#20998;&#21033;&#29992;&#25928;&#29575;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Zheng, Yunpu (1); Li, Fei (1); Hou, Yikai (1); Guo, Lili (1); Zhang, Xixi (1); Ma, Chao (1); Cao, Xu (1); Hao, Lihua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan; 056038, China
Corresponding author:Hao, Lihua(haolihua_000@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:91-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Global atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentration has been increased from 280 &mu;mol/mol to over 400 &mu;mol/mol following the 19th century industrial revolution, and may even be over 800 &mu;mol/mol at the end of this century, which may lead to drastic impacts on the structure and function of natural and managed ecosystems. We studied the effects of doubling CO<inf>2</inf> concentration on physiological traits and water use efficiency of 5 crop species soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) using 8 environmental growth chambers that could accurately control the CO<inf>2</inf> concentration at 400 &mu;mol/mol or 800 &mu;mol/mol. Leaf gas exchange measurement was performed with a portable photosynthesis system (Li-6400XT). Photosynthesis vs intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> curves were obtained to fit the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, and the maximum electron transfer rate mediated ribulose bisphosphate regeneration. Meanwhile, we also obtained the stomatal conductance, intercellular CO<inf>2</inf> concentration, transpiration rate, and leaf water use efficiency of crops. Results showed that doubling CO<inf>2</inf> concentration significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate of perennial ryegrass (P&lt;0.05), but barely affected that of the other 4 crops (all P&gt;0.05). Our results from two-way ANOVA showed that crop species and CO<inf>2</inf> concentration has significantly interactive effects on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of the 5 crops. Meanwhile, elevating CO<inf>2</inf> concentration decreased the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of crops except for soybean and winter wheat. As a result, elevating CO<inf>2</inf> concentration increased the water use efficiency of perennial ryegrass, kentucky bluegrass, and tall fescue by 175%, 161%, and 74%, suggesting that grass species may be more sensitive to elevated CO<inf>2</inf> concentration than soybean and winter wheat. Both the increased net photosynthetic rates and the decreased transpiration rate may contribute to the enhanced water use efficiency, whereas the contributions from the net photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate depend on crop species. The increased leaf photosynthesis contributed the enhancement of water use efficiency for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue by 67% and 37%, respectively. Moreover, elevated CO<inf>2</inf> concentration barely affected the relative growth rate, root/shoot ratio, and total biomass of soybean plants, but dramatically increased the root/shoot ratio, and total biomass of winter wheat. Meanwhile, we also found that elevated CO<inf>2</inf> concentration had little effect on the relative growth rate, root/shoot ratio of the 3 grass species, while significantly enhanced the total biomass of tall fescue. These results suggested that crops in response to elevated CO<inf>2</inf> concentration was obviously species dependent. Additionally, our results also showed positively linear relationships between leaf nitrogen content and transpiration rate of crops except for soybean. Overall, our results suggest that the responses of physiological traits and water use efficiency to doubling CO<inf>2</inf> concentration depend on crop species under future climate change.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Growth rate
Controlled terms:Amino acids - Atmospheric structure - Biomass - Carbon dioxide - Carboxylation - Climate change - Crops - Ecology - Efficiency - Environmental chambers  - Lithium compounds - Nitrogen fixation - Photosynthesis - Physiological models - Physiology - Plants (botany) - Transpiration
Uncontrolled terms:CO2 concentration - Electron transfer rates - Festuca arundinacea schreb - Leaf gas exchange - Net photosynthetic rate - Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - Water use efficiency - Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Classification code:443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.9  Biology - 802.2  Chemical Reactions - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 913.1  Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.61e+02%, Percentage 1.75e+02%, Percentage 3.70e+01%, Percentage 6.70e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.012

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 29>

Accession number:20193507380034
Title:Urban agricultural development mode based on functional differentiation
Title of translation:&#22522;&#20110;&#21151;&#33021;&#20998;&#24322;&#30340;&#37117;&#24066;&#20892;&#19994;&#21457;&#23637;&#27169;&#24335;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Zhu, Lei (1, 2); Wang, Keqiang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey, Shanghai; 200072, China; (2) School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai; 200433, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Keqiang(wkqzy@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:252-258
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To guide the rational utilization of agricultural resources and the revitalization and development of rural areas in mega-cities, this paper studies the spatial distribution rules and development patterns of agricultural multi-functions, Taking Shanghai as an example. The multifunctional agriculture was divided into four functions, namely, agricultural products supply, social security, culture and leisure, and ecological regulation function. By full consideration of cultural landscape, geographic location conditions and traffic factor, evaluation index system and model were built to analyze multifunctional spatial distribution rule and make clustering analysis. The result showed that 1) quantitative evaluation result can accurately reflect multifunctional spatial distribution law of agriculture in Shanghai and the distribution of various functions closely related to the natural condition, geographic location, traffic condition and economic development. 2) Agricultural multifunctional combinations of different streets were divided into five types: eco-structured development pattern, traditional agriculture development pattern, farming culture development pattern, cultural and leisure development pattern, balanced development pattern. Each pattern had corresponding development strategies. Radar analysis map of four agricultural multifunctional average evaluation values for towns of five agricultural multifunctional development patterns were constructed. Towns of eco-structured development pattern had almost no social security function. These patterns mainly located in the suburbs and there were almost no registered population engaged in agriculture. Radar map for towns of traditional agricultural development pattern showed that the agricultural products supply function was very high, and the quality grade of agricultural land in these towns was relatively high, because of the geographic location and traffic conditions, culture and leisure functions were not very high. Towns of traditional agricultural development pattern were suitable for developing traditional agriculture, improving the level of agricultural scale, agricultural production efficiency and agricultural product quality. Radar map for towns of farming cultural development pattern shows that the agricultural products supply function, culture and leisure function were all relatively high, but the ecological regulation function and the social security function were all at the medium level. The agricultural land proportion in these areas and the agricultural products supply function was relatively high. Towns of farming culture development pattern were suitable for developing large-scale agricultural production and small-scale agricultural workshops. Radar map for towns of cultural and leisure development pattern was close to those of agricultural culture development pattern, but its agricultural products supply function was obviously lower than those of farming culture development pattern. Radar map for towns of functional balanced development pattern showed that the supply function of agricultural products, social security, ecological regulation and cultural and leisure function were all at the middle level. These towns of functional balanced development pattern could select different combinations of four functions according to local situation and determine a more reasonable agricultural development pattern. The level of multi-functional development pattern was circular distribution, followed by cultural leisure, farming culture and traditional agricultural development pattern, while the eco-structured development pattern was interspersed in the cultural leisure development pattern. Five development patterns are highly correlated with planned agricultural and ecological functional zones. The spatial distribution law and development pattern of agricultural multi-function are according with actual situation of Shanghai. This study can provide references for guiding rational use and protection of agricultural resource, also for rural development and revitalization in large city.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Function evaluation
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Agriculture - Ecology - Geographical distribution - Location - Natural resources - Radar - Rational functions - Regional planning
Uncontrolled terms:Clustering analysis - Development modes - Evaluation index system - Spatial differentiation - Spatial distribution laws
Classification code:403.2  Regional Planning and Development - 405.3  Surveying - 454.3  Ecology and Ecosystems - 716.2  Radar Systems and Equipment - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.032

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 30>

Accession number:20193507378786
Title:Soil ion components and soil salts transport in frozen layer in seasonal freezing-thawing areas
Title of translation:&#23395;&#33410;&#24615;&#20923;&#34701;&#22303;&#22756;&#30416;&#20998;&#31163;&#23376;&#32452;&#25104;&#19982;&#20923;&#32467;&#23618;&#30416;&#20998;&#36816;&#31227;&#35268;&#24459;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Cui, Lihong (1); Zhu, Yan (1); Zhao, Tianxing (1); Yang, Jinzhong (1); Wu, Jingwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Yan(zyan0701@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:75-82
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To understand the salt movement mechanism in the freezing-thawing soil and the salt transport in the frozen layer, an experiment is carried out in Yonglian experiment station, Hetao Irrigation District, China. The soil temperature, frozen layer depth, water table depth, groundwater salinity and the ion components, soil water content and soil salinity and its ion components during the freezing-thawing period were observed and measured. The data were analyzed to demonstrate the soil salt transport variations in the soil and groundwater as well as its impact factors. The correlation analysis was implemented to calculate the relationship between the soil content and the ion components and the relationship among those ions, and then to obtain the major ions and major salt composition of the soil soluble salts to control soil salt change. The transport mechanism of soil soluble salts in the freezing-thawing soil was discussed by using the binary phase diagram of water-salt system. The experiment results show that the soil temperature change within the depth of 0-1.0m. There are three stages during the freezing-thawing period in the study area as quickly freezing period (from December 6th, 2017 to February 4th, 2018), slowly freezing period (from February 4th, 2018 to March 12th, 2018) and thawing period (from March 12th, 2018 to April, 13th, 2018). The water table depth showed the change as quick increase-slow increase-decrease in the 3 stages, while the average groundwater salinity significantly decreased. Na⁺, Cl^- and SO<inf>4</inf>^2- had the greatest variability among all the 8 ions both in the groundwater. These demonstrated that the ions change in the groundwater was caused by the advection of ions in the soil solute. The correlation coefficients of Na⁺, Cl^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2- with soil salt content were larger than 0.9, and the correlation coefficients among Na⁺, Cl^-, SO<inf>4</inf>^2- were larger than 0.9, which showed the major ion components of soil salt were Na⁺, Cl^- and SO<inf>4</inf>^2-, and the major soil soluble salts were sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. The soil salt transport in the frozen layer depended on the initial soil salt gradient and co-saturated points of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. The max mass fractions of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride were 2.01% and 1.55%, smaller than their co-saturated points. In this case, the salt would accumulate in the frozen layer when the initial soil salt gradient was positive (the salt content increase along depth). Otherwise, the soil salt would decrease in the frozen layer. This work is significant important to illustrate the relationship between the ion components with the soil salt change and the salt accumulation mechanism in the frozen layer.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Ions
Controlled terms:Freezing - Frozen soils - Groundwater - Irrigation - Phase diagrams - Sodium chloride - Sodium sulfate - Soil moisture - Soils - Sulfur compounds  - Temperature - Thawing
Uncontrolled terms:Freezing-thawing - Frozen layer - Hetao irrigation districts - Salt systems - Water and salts
Classification code:444.2  Groundwater - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 641.1  Thermodynamics - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.3  Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.55e+00%, Percentage 2.01e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.010

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 31>

Accession number:20193507379115
Title:Constructing pedo-transfer functions based on grey relational and nonlinear programming to estimate hydraulic parameters in black soil
Title of translation:&#28784;&#33394;&#20851;&#32852;&#21450;&#38750;&#32447;&#24615;&#35268;&#21010;&#27861;&#26500;&#24314;&#20256;&#36882;&#20989;&#25968;&#20272;&#31639;&#40657;&#22303;&#27700;&#21147;&#21442;&#25968;
Authors:Wang, Zilong (1); Chang, Guangyi (1); Jiang, Qiuxiang (1); Fu, Qiang (1); Chen, Weijie (1); Lin, Baijian (1); Yin, Yuming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Qiuxiang(jiangqiuxiang2017@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:60-68
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity are important parameters for constructing soil moisture and solute transport models, both of which are affected by soil texture, bulk density, organic matter content, porosity, etc. In order to simply and accurately obtain the 2 parameters above, a total of 136 soil sampling points in the southern part of the black soil area in the Songnen Plain were designed, and the soil samples in 2 layers of these sampling points were collected to measure the soil water characteristic curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil physical and chemical properties, the grey correlation analysis was used to determine the main soil physical and chemical properties affecting soil hydraulic parameters.The results showed: 1) in 0-20 cm soil layer, the residual moisture content of van Genuchten model had the higher correlation with fractal dimension, dry bulk density and organic matter content, and the correlation between parameter pore distribution index and fractal dimension, dry bulk density and clay content was the highest. The parameter of reciprocal soil air influx had the higher correlation with sand content, dry bulk density and fractal dimension. In soil layer from 20 to 40 cm, the parameter of residual moisture content of van Genuchten model had the higher correlation with sand content, dry bulk density and organic matter content; the parameter pore distribution index and fractal dimensions had the highest correlation; The correlation between fractal dimension, organic matter content and silt content and parameter pore distribution index was the highest, and the correlation between parameter reciprocal soil air influx and sand content, fractal dimension and organic matter content was the highest. 2) The correlation between soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil organic matter, dry bulk density and fractal dimension in 0-40 cm soil layer was higher. 3) The pedo-transfer functions of the soil water characteristic curve and the saturated hydraulic conductivity based on soil fractal dimension, organic matter, dry bulk density and soil particle composition were established by using the nonlinear optimal programming method. The accuracy of the pedo-transfer functions established in the study was verified by comparing with the existing common pedo-transfer functions. The results showed that soil fractal dimension was one of the primary parameters in constructing soil pedo-transfer functions to predict soil water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. In addition, soil dry bulk density and organic matter content also played an important role in pedo-transfer functions of different soil layers. Based on the verification analysis, the mean absolute errors of the estimated soil hydraulic parameters in different soil layers were all close to 0, and the root mean square error values of the predicted soil hydraulic parameters in different soil layers were also small. Specially, the root mean square errors of soil moisture content estimated by pedo-transfer functions established in the study were 0.022 and 0.017 cm³/cm³ in different soil layers, respectively. On the basis of comparing with the other existing common pedo-transfer functions of soil water characteristic curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity, the pedo-transfer functions of soil hydraulic parameters established in the study had high estimation accuracy, the root mean square error values were small; the determination coefficient values were all above 0.66, which was better than the other existing common pedo-transfer functions. In summary, the pedo-transfer functions of the soil water characteristic curve and saturated water conductivity established in the study can be used to estimate the soil hydraulic parameters in the black soil area of the Songnen Plain, and also provide technical support for acquisition of regional soil hydraulic properties.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Transfer functions
Controlled terms:Biogeochemistry - Chemical analysis - Chemical properties - Errors - Fractal dimension - Hydraulic conductivity - Importance sampling - Mean square error - Moisture determination - Nonlinear programming  - Organic compounds - Parameter estimation - Soil moisture - Soils - Solute transport - Textures - Water content
Uncontrolled terms:Gray correlation - Pedo-transfer functions - Saturated hydraulic conductivity - Soil-water characteristic curve - Songnen plain
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 801  Chemistry - 801.2  Biochemistry - 804.1  Organic Compounds - 921  Mathematics - 922  Statistical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 931  Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.008

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 32>

Accession number:20193507380117
Title:Application effect of sensible heat recovery ventilation system in closed rabbit house of North China in winter
Title of translation:&#21326;&#21271;&#20908;&#23395;&#23494;&#38381;&#20820;&#33293;&#26174;&#28909;&#22238;&#25910;&#36890;&#39118;&#31995;&#32479;&#24212;&#29992;&#25928;&#26524;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Li, Qin (1); Liu, Peng (1); Liu, Dan (1, 2); Guo, Yao (1); Wang, Meizhi (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science &amp; Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Zhumadian Branch of Henan Province Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School, Zhumadian; 463000, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zhonghong(wuzhh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:140-147
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The contradiction between heat preservation and ventilation usually exists in enclosed breeding rabbit houses without heating in North China during winter. The morbidity and mortality rate of young rabbits in this style barn with low feeding density increased if the temperature fluctuated greatly due to conventional ventilation. In this study, a sensible heat recovery ventilation system (SHRV) is developed to solve these problems. The air quality, energy-saving and ventilation effect of SHRV operation or without ventilation in rabbit house during daytime are studied. Meanwhile, the distribution of the temperature and airflow of SHRV with uniform openings air supply or at the end of duct in the rabbit house are compared and analyzed. An enclosed breeding rabbit house without heating rearing 315 rabbit does and 1 095 fattening rabbits was used as experimental rabbit house. The experiments were carried out from December 2015 to January 2016. Two SHRV were installed and operated from 8:00 am to 16:00 pm. The results showed that when no ventilation existed in rabbit house, the average indoor temperature was 8.91&#8451;, the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> increased from 7.28 mg/m³ and 0.33% to 15.02 mg/m³ and 0.33% respectively with the increase of indoor temperature, and this indoor environmental condition during daytime is harmful to the health of rabbits. No significant fluctuation of indoor temperature was found when SHRV with uniform opening air supply in the rabbit house, the average indoor temperature was 8.11&#8451;, meanwhile, the concentration of NH<inf>3</inf> and CO<inf>2</inf> dropped from 9.91 mg/m³ and 0.23% to 4.24 mg/ m³ and 0.09% respectively after the SHRV working for 3 hours, and maintained of 4.42 mg/m³ and 0.10%, the relative humidity in rabbit house was decreased from 84% to 56%. When the outdoor temperature fluctuated within -6-5&#8451;, the temperature of supply air was increased by 3.4&#8451; after passing through the heat exchanger of SHRV, the average sensible heat recovery efficiency and the coefficient of performance of SHRV were 65% and 5.1 respectively, which reached the national standard of energy-saving with the value of 60% and 2.5 respectively. Compared with air supplying at the end of duct, SHRV with uniform openings air supply will reduce the average wind speed below 0.2 m/s, the temperature difference and wind speed difference were lower than that of SHRV with uniform openings air supply. SHRV can resolve the contradiction between heat preservation and ventilation usually existed in enclosed breeding rabbit houses with common building envelope without heating in North China. At the same time, in order to achieve a more ideal energy-saving ventilation effect of SHRV in this situation, it is necessary to use appropriate plate pitch, increase feeding density and strengthen the airtightness of building envelope to improve insulation effect of houses.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Ventilation
Controlled terms:Air quality - Ammonia - Carbon dioxide - Ducts - Energy conservation - Historic preservation - Houses - Solar buildings - Space heating - Waste heat  - Waste heat utilization - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Application effect - Building envelopes - Environmental conditions - North China - Outdoor temperature - Temperature differences - Ventilation effects - Ventilation systems
Classification code:402  Buildings and Towers - 402.3  Residences - 443.1  Atmospheric Properties - 451.2  Air Pollution Control - 525  Energy Management and Conversion - 643.1  Space Heating - 643.5  Ventilation - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.50e-05kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.24e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.42e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.28e-06kg/m3, Mass_Density 9.91e-06kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e-01%, Percentage 3.30e-01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01% to 5.60e+01%, Percentage 9.00e-02%, Time 1.08e+04s, Velocity 2.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.018

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 33>

Accession number:20193507378701
Title:Development of 5H-1.5A peanut reversing ventilation dryer
Title of translation:5H-1.5A&#22411;&#33457;&#29983;&#25442;&#21521;&#36890;&#39118;&#24178;&#29157;&#26426;&#30740;&#21046;
Authors:Yan, Jianchun (1); Xie, Huanxiong (1); Wei, Hai (1); Wu, Huichang (1); Gao, Jingkui (1); Xu, Hongbo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Huanxiong(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:9-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper introduces the general structure and working principle and key components of 5H-1.5A peanut reversing ventilation dryer including drying box, air guide components, reversing ventilation mechanism and waste heat recovery device. In order to understand the performance of the dryer, performance analysis and experimental study were carried out under two kinds of working condition, with no peanut material loading and full peanut material loading. Under the no loading condition, the air velocity distribution at 10 cm above material supporting perforated plate was measured and compared when the wind deflectors was installed or not respectively. The results showed that installation of wind deflectors could effectively improve the uniformity of air field distribution. When the medium air passed through the material supporting perforated plate, the air velocity distribution ranged from 0.68 m/s to 0.73 m/s with wind deflectors installing, while ranged from 0.5 m/s to 1 m/s with no wind deflectors installed. Under the full load condition, a drying test was completed. 1.5 t fresh peanut, Tianfu No.3 variety, just after mechanized harvesting was used as the experimental material, which initial moisture content was 43.2%. The drying process was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, both the left and right air chambers were ventilated with hot air, and the medium air was discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the peanut material layer from bottom to top without waste heat recovery. The execution time of this stage was 10 h. During this period, the temperature of the bottom material increased rapidly while that of the upper material increased slowly. In the second stage, single air inlet alternate ventilation drying process was adopted. The medium air entered the drying box from one of the two air inlets, and passed through the peanut material layer of this side from bottom to top. Then the medium air mixed in the top space of drying box fully, and passed through the peanut material layer of the other side from top to bottom, finally, the medium air was discharged from the air outlet downwind chamber of this side. The ventilation direction was changed every 2 h. During this period, the temperature of the upper, middle and lower peanut material layers rose and fell wavelike. The fluctuation range of temperature of peanut layers decreased gradually and temperature of all peanut layers approximated the setting drying temperature. At the end of drying operation, the maximum difference of moisture content of peanut material in the left and right drying chamber was 1.42% and 1.74% respectively, which was 4.1% and 5.1% of total reduction of moisture content. The drying uniformity of the peanut bed was good in both horizontal direction and vertical direction. In the second stage, the waste heat recovery device was adopted, and its influence on the heating contribution rate, energy utilization rate and energy consumption cost of the total drying system were tested and evaluated. The results showed that the heating contribution rate of waste heat recovery device to the drying system was about 61% and energy utilization rate of the drying system was increased to more than 80%. The energy consumption cost of batch drying was reduced by 48.7%. The research results provide data support for the improvement and application of the equipment.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Drying
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Air - Air intakes - Dryers (equipment) - Energy utilization - Machinery - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination - Oilseeds  - Perforated plates - Velocity distribution - Ventilation - Waste heat - Waste heat utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Air velocity distributions - Experimental materials - General structures - Initial Moisture Content - Mechanized harvesting - Peanut - Performance analysis - Vertical direction
Classification code:408.2  Structural Members and Shapes - 525.3  Energy Utilization - 525.4  Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 601  Mechanical Design - 631.1  Fluid Flow, General - 643.5  Ventilation - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics - 944.2  Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.42e+00%, Percentage 1.74e+00%, Percentage 4.10e+00%, Percentage 4.32e+01%, Percentage 4.87e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+00%, Percentage 6.10e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Time 3.60e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s to 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 6.80e-01m/s to 7.30e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.002

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 34>

Accession number:20193507380253
Title:Soil moisture distribution characteristics simulation of maize-tomato intercropping field with drip-irrigated under plastic mulch
Title of translation:&#33180;&#19979;&#28404;&#28748;&#29577;&#31859;&#30058;&#33540;&#38388;&#20316;&#20892;&#30000;&#22303;&#22756;&#27700;&#20998;&#20998;&#24067;&#29305;&#24449;&#27169;&#25311;
Authors:Li, Xianyue (1); Chen, Ning (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Ding, Zongjiang (1); Peng, Zunyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:50-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Intercropping and drip irrigation with plastic film is widely applied in North China and appears to be an important technique for gaining high crop yield. Further understanding the soil water distribution is important to increase the water use efficiency (WUE) and crop yield under drip-irrigated intercropping field. A 2-year experiment (2014 and 2015) was conducted including high (T1), middle (T2) and low (T3) irrigation quota, and the soil water difference for different locations, horizontal soil water exchange and 2-D soil water distribution were simulated by HYDRUS2D model in an drip-irrigated intercropping field. The results showed that hydraulic model for drip-irrigated intercropping field base on HYDRUS2D software had good accuracy, and the mean relative error (MRE) and root mean error (RMSE) and high value of determination coefficient (R²) were in range of 5.72%-8.14%, 0.017-0.023 cm³/cm³, and 0.85-0.90, respectively. There was significant difference among different locations under drip-irrigated intercropping field in 0-40 cm soil layer, especially for 0-20 cm. The average soil water content (SWC) in tomato and corn sides being about 20.17% and 17.83% higher than at the between 2 crops respectively in 2014, and being about 16.02% and 12.99% in 2015. The soil water flux moved horizontally from crop sides to between 2 crops during crop growth period. The soil water amount form tomato side to bare area was 1.3 times of that of corn side, was about 60 mm/a, and the soil water exchange in 0-40 cm layer was 2.5 times of that in 40-100 cm layer. Compared with the treatment of low irrigation quota, high irrigation quota and middle irrigation quota increased by 2 times and 1.5 times respectively, while the amount of water flowing into bare area in 0-40 cm layer increased by 1.75 times and 1.3 times respectively, based on the direct proportion relationship. The 2-D soil water distributions for different irrigation treatments showed drip soil wetting pattern was well agreement with crop root distribution. The saturated zone mainly concentered in 0-30 cm layer in irrigation after 1 day, and the areas for high, middle and low irrigation quota treatments were 559.14, 288.61 and 109.78 cm², respectively. The water stress zone was found in 30-40 cm soil layer in irrigation after 2 days. When the amount of irrigation water was reduced in treatments middle and low irrigation quota treatments, the water stress zone increased in size. The size of the water stress zone was about 129.86 cm² for treatment of high irrigation quota that resulted in negligible stress on root water uptake. The water stress zone was about 1 663.29 cm² for treatment of middle irrigation quota that caused a slight restriction of the crop growth. On the other hand, the water stress zone was about 3 883.94 cm² for treatment of low irrigation quota, which created a significant influence to crop growth. There was obvious water stress for low irrigation quota treatment after 2 days, and the area for soil water deficit in treatment of low irrigation quota was 30 times than high irrigation quota. The researches provide the information for making irrigation scheduling under drip-irrigated intercropping field.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Crops - Fruits - Hydraulic models - Irrigation - Moisture - Numerical analysis - Plants (botany) - Soil moisture - Soils - Water resources  - Water supply - Water supply systems
Uncontrolled terms:Determination coefficients - HYDRUS-2D - Intercropping - Irrigation treatments - Plastic mulch - Soil moisture distribution - Soil-water distribution - Water exchange
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 446.1  Water Supply Systems - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 632.1  Hydraulics - 821.3  Agricultural Methods - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921.6  Numerical Methods
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.48e-03yr, Area 1.10e-02m2, Area 1.30e-02m2, Area 2.89e-02m2, Area 6.63e-02m2, Area 8.84e-02m2, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 5.72e+00% to 8.14e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 2.74e-03yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.007

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 35>

Accession number:20193507380202
Title:Photovoltaic poverty alleviation model and benefit promotion mechanism under background of agricultural informatization
Title of translation:&#20892;&#19994;&#20449;&#24687;&#21270;&#32972;&#26223;&#19979;&#20809;&#20239;&#21457;&#30005;&#25206;&#36139;&#27169;&#24335;&#21450;&#25928;&#30410;&#25552;&#21319;&#26426;&#21046;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Tong, Guangyi (1, 2); Ni, Qi (1); Pan, Yuelong (2); Du, Songhuai (1); Su, Juan (1); Yang, Man (1); Yang, Guang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) National Energy Administration, Beijing; 100824, China
Corresponding author:Du, Songhuai(songhuaidu@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:131-139
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Precise poverty alleviation has entered a decisive period to storm fortifications and overcome difficulties. As one of the precise poverty alleviation projects, photovoltaic (PV) poverty alleviation plays an important role in solving the problem of poverty alleviation. Agricultural informatization construction will enhance the effectiveness of PV poverty alleviation to a greater extent. Taking W County of national poverty-stricken counties as an example, this paper systematically sorts out four typical PV poverty alleviation models in recent years, which are household distributed PV poverty alleviation model, village-level PV poverty alleviation power station model, joint-village PV poverty alleviation power station model and centralized PV poverty alleviation power station model. The detailed comparative analysis of various models' application scope and characteristics are carried out. Then this paper analyses the comprehensive benefits of PV poverty alleviation in W county. In view of economic benefits, this paper first designs the calculation of total annual power generation of PV poverty alleviation projects, then designs the annual sub-components of total poverty alleviation income, obtains the annual total poverty alleviation calculation method under different models and different objects. In view of ecological benefits, this paper analyzes its ecological benefits from two aspects: Annual energy-saving (ES) &amp; emission-reduction (ER) quantity, environmental value (EV). In view of social benefits, this paper analyses its social benefits from the four perspectives of employment, skills, development and society. Because the evaluation of PV poverty alleviation benefit index is hierarchical and ambiguous, this paper combines analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to establish PV poverty alleviation index evaluation model and income distribution method. First step, establish a multi-level comprehensive evaluation index system. Second step, construct a judgment matrix for PV poverty alleviation index. Third step, determine the weights of each index and test consistency. Fourth step, design the criteria for dividing each index and calculate the comprehensive score. Fifth step, calculate the allocation of PV poverty alleviation incomes of poor households. In order to verify the proposed model and method, this paper selects the poor household L, M and N from two different village-level PV poverty alleviation power stations as three examples, calculates their PV poverty alleviation indexes scores, and calculates their income distribution amount. Through comprehensive evaluation of the power indexes, economic indexes, poverty indexes and environmental protection indexes of poor households, the poor household N has higher comprehensive scores and relatively more distributed incomes, but the poor household L increases the overall income through employment income. This distribution of income varies from household to household, eliminating the disadvantages of the average distribution, both stimulating the poverty-reducing power of people with lower incomes and ensuring the labor benefits of people with higher incomes. Based on these three examples studies, the validity and feasibility of the evaluation model and income distribution method proposed in this paper can be verified. At present, PV poverty alleviation still has great potential in improving its benefits and ensuring its sustainable development, this paper finally designs the overall structure of the PV poverty alleviation benefit promotion mechanism from five perspectives: government, power grid companies, investment companies, village collective, poor households, and five levels: technology, development, power, security, management, aiming to provide technical and decision support for PV poverty alleviation projects in poverty-stricken areas in China.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Decision support systems - Economics - Electric power transmission networks - Emission control - Energy conservation - Environmental protection - Investments - Models - Photovoltaic effects  - Power plants - Rural areas - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Benefit analysis - Comprehensive evaluation - Comprehensive evaluation index system - Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method - Income distribution - Informatization constructions - Poverty alleviation - Poverty-stricken areas
Classification code:451.2  Air Pollution Control - 454.2  Environmental Impact and Protection - 525.2  Energy Conservation - 706.1.1  Electric Power Transmission - 723  Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 971  Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.017

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 36>

Accession number:20193507379420
Title:Meta-analysis on farmland soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission in Northern China affected by organic fertilizer
Title of translation:Meta&#20998;&#26512;&#26377;&#26426;&#32933;&#26045;&#29992;&#23545;&#20013;&#22269;&#21271;&#26041;&#20892;&#30000;&#22303;&#22756;CO<inf>2</inf>&#25490;&#25918;&#30340;&#24433;&#21709;
Authors:Wang, Xiaojiao (1, 4); Zhang, Renzhi (1, 2, 3); Qi, Peng (1, 2, 3); Jiao, Yapeng (1); Cai, Liqun (1, 2, 3); Wu, Jun (1, 2); Xie, Junhong (2, 5)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) Gansu Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Water-saving, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (4) College of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (5) College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Renzhi(zhangrz@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:99-107
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper was aimed to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer application (single application of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer combination) on the CO<inf>2</inf> emission in farmland soil during crop growth period, under different climate types, fertilization measures, organic fertilizer types and experiment years in Northern China. Non-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer application were used as control treatments. Based on the published data of relevant experiment and the Meta-analysis method, the quantitative effects on application of organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic fertilizer combination on CO<inf>2</inf> emission in farmland soil were studied. A total of 534 measurements were obtained including 89 pairs of data from 21 literatures. The experiments lasted from 1980 to 2017. The effects were determined by effect size by Meta-analysis method. The important factors affecting CO<inf>2</inf> emission were selected by finding out those with important values higher than 0.8. The results showed that the organic fertilizer application significantly generally increased the CO<inf>2</inf> emission in farmland soil than the non-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer application, with an increment of 50.6% and 36.3%, respectively. No publication bias was found because the fail-safe number was far higher than the critical values by the fail-safe method. There was not significantly different among regions (P&gt;0.05). Under the application of organic fertilizer, the CO<inf>2</inf> emission of farmland soil decreased successively in the following order: single application of organic fertilizer, organic-inorganic fertilizer combination, and combined application of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer. Soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission did not significantly increase under the combined application of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer. Compared with non-fertilizer, cow manure, pig manure and commercial organic manure, chicken manure had the greatest positive effects on soil CO<inf>2</inf> emission. Under the application of organic fertilizer, the CO<inf>2</inf> emission of farmland soil in gray desert was relatively high. The CO<inf>2</inf> emission of farmland soil was positively correlated with the annual average temperature and negatively correlated with the annual average precipitation. The annual average temperature and annual average precipitation could explain about 11%-16% and 10%-12% change in effect size of CO<inf>2</inf> emission, respectively. From the perspective of environment, it was suggested to apply the combined application of inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer in Northern China. Meanwhile, the chicken manure should not be applied in large quantities and organic fertilizer should not be used in grey desert farmland. The results of this study can provide valuable information for the popularization and application of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer in Northern China.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:59
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Carbon dioxide - Chemical analysis - Farms - Mammals - Manures - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Inorganic fertilizers - Meta - North - Organic fertilizers - Quantitative effects - Respiration - Slow release fertilizers
Classification code:483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804  Chemical Products Generally - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821  Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5  Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01% to 1.60e+01%, Percentage 3.63e+01%, Percentage 5.06e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.013

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 37>

Accession number:20193507379777
Title:Leaf salt ion content estimation of halophyte plants based on geographically weighted regression model combined with hyperspectral data
Title of translation:&#22320;&#29702;&#21152;&#26435;&#22238;&#24402;&#27169;&#22411;&#32467;&#21512;&#39640;&#20809;&#35889;&#21453;&#28436;&#30416;&#29983;&#26893;&#29289;&#21494;&#29255;&#30416;&#31163;&#23376;&#21547;&#37327;
Authors:Yuan, Jie (1, 2); Zhang, Fei (1, 2, 3); Ge, Xiangyu (1, 2); Guo, Wanzhen (1, 2); Deng, Laifei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resource and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environmental Modeling of Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fei(zhangfei3s@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:115-124
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapid and non-destructive estimation of leaf salt ion concentrations in halophytes can provide valuable information for plant growth monitoring, selection of salt-tolerant plants and soil salinity monitoring. In this study, the canopy reflectance (350-2 500 nm) and the leaf salt ion (K+, Na+, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) concentration in the halophytes were measured in the Ebinur Lake Protection Zones, Xinjiang, China. Data collected includes hyperspectral data and leaf salt ion data, and the relationships between the leaf ion concentrations and the selected spectral indices were analyzed. K⁺ sensitive wave bands on the photosynthetic effective radiation area of the 400- 700 nm (photosynthetically available radiation, PAR), and focused on the red and yellow areas without differential transform; The sensitive bands of Na⁺ are concentrated in the near infrared region of 949- 1 355 nm. Ca²⁺ sensitive bands were concentrated in the visible red and near-infrared regions of 665-672 and 919-1 283 nm. Mg²⁺ sensitive bands were mainly concentrated in 384, 651- 669 nm, mainly in the visible red light region. There was a certain correlation with the ultraviolet region band, but the correlation was generally small. The correlation between the original spectrum and K⁺ and Na⁺ was relatively high, reaching a significant level. Spectral transformation increased the correlation between the contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the spectrum, so that modeling bands could be selected according to the standard. Spectral transformation could improve the correlation between the content of salt ions and the spectrum. There were 64 samples in total, and the proportion of samples used for modeling and verification was 3:1. R² and root mean squared error (RMSE) were used as accuracy evaluation criteria. A Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model and a back propagation (BP) model were constructed for estimating leaf salt ion concentrations with the spectral transform and the spectral indices as ratio vegetation index (RVI), difference vegetation index (DVI) and normalized difference vegetation index, and achieved a promising accuracy. The GWR estimation was the best in the bands in the red light region selected by the reciprocal logarithm of reciprocal of reflectance. The characteristic bands of Na⁺ were concentrated in the short-wave infrared region under the spectral transformation, and the two-dimensional vegetation index was concentrated in the near-infrared region, short-wave near-infrared region, yellow, orange and red region. The short-wave infrared band selected under first order of square root for Ca²⁺ content had the best estimation effect through GWR model. Mg²⁺ content was best estimated in the characteristic bands in the red light region selected by DVI, but the GWR model was not as accurate as BP model in estimating Mg²⁺ content. Based on the GWR salt ion model, the estimation of ions with higher content was better, and the accuracy of K⁺ and Na+ models was better than that of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. When the GWR model was used to estimate the salt ion content in plant leaves, the characteristic bands all pointed to red and short-wave infrared bands. The model based on logarithms of reciprocal of reflectance and GWR for estimated K⁺ produced the superior performance (R²=0.930, RMSE=0.018 mg/kg). The optimal GWR model with the highest R² and lowest RMSE was estimation model on Na⁺ (R²=0.984, RMSE=0.041 mg/kg) via processing. For the estimation model on Ca²⁺, the model produced reasonable outcome using first order of square root of reflectance-GWR strategy. Moreover, compared with BP model, the GWR model had insufficient estimation for Mg²⁺ whereas DVI scheme contributed to improve accuracy of the BP estimated model. By comparison, the GWR model yielded better results in higher-content ion models. In conclusion, our study showed GWR model was effective for estimating leaf salt ions through vegetation spectral information. Sensitive bands for salt ions were prominent in the red bands and short-wave infrared bands, which were consistent with the response of vegetation spectral mechanism.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Ions
Controlled terms:Backpropagation - Concentration (process) - Drought - Infrared devices - Infrared radiation - Magnesium compounds - Mean square error - Reflection - Regression analysis - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Geographically weighted regression models - Halophyte - Hyper spectra - Leaf - Modeling and verifications - Normalized difference vegetation index - Photosynthetically available radiations - Short wave infrared regions
Classification code:444  Water Resources - 723.4  Artificial Intelligence - 741.1  Light/Optics - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Size 3.50e-07m to 2.50e-06m, Size 4.00e-07m to 7.00e-07m, Size 6.51e-07m to 6.69e-07m, Size 9.19e-07m to 1.28e-06m, Size 9.49e-07m to 1.36e-06m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.015

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.

<RECORD 38>

Accession number:20193507379285
Title:Enrichment spatial distribution characteristics of soil selenium and its influencing factors
Title of translation:&#22303;&#22756;&#30802;&#23500;&#38598;&#31354;&#38388;&#20998;&#24067;&#29305;&#24449;&#21450;&#24433;&#21709;&#22240;&#32032;&#30740;&#31350;
Authors:Cai, Limei (1, 2, 3, 4); Wang, Shuo (1, 2, 3); Wen, Hanhui (5); Luo, Jie (2); Jiang, Huihao (1, 2, 3); He, Minghuang (2); Mu, Guizhen (2, 3); Wang, Qiushuang (1, 2); Wang, Hanzhi (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan; 430100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan; 430100, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (4) State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (5) No. 940 Branch of Geology Bureau for Nonferrous Metals of Guangdong Provinces, Qingyuan; 511500, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Shuo(wshd1210@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:10
Issue date:May 15, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:83-90
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Selenium (Se), a trace element in the soil, is mainly ingested by the human body from the soil-plant system through food chain. Meanwhile, Se in the soil is subjected to geological, geographical environmental factors and soil properties. Therefore, it is essential to study contents and distributions of Se in the soil for developing Se-enriched agricultural products and protecting human health. Jieyang City is one of distinctive agriculture areas of Guangdong Province, China, and the status of soil Se has an important impact on the development of local distinctive agriculture. Based on the above reasons, a total of 1 330 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) and 331 deep soil samples (150-200 cm) were collected systematically from Jieyang City to discuss the distribution, enrichment characteristics and influencing factors (including parent materials, soil types, land using types, soil physicochemical properties and elevation) of soil Se. Results showed that contents of Se in topsoil ranged from 0.02 to 2.01 mg/kg with a geometric mean value of 0.48 mg/kg that was 1.66 times larger than the average Se contents of soil in China. The topsoils of Jieyang City were in the category of Se sufficiency and Se abundance on the whole. According to the spatial distribution derived by the Kriging interpolation, soils of Se abundance were mainly distributed in Puning, Huilai and northern edge of Jieyang City. The Se enrichment area in the topsoil reached 52.03% of Jieyang City, but the spatial distribution was scattered, which may be related to factors such as parent materials and soil types. Strong Se enrichment soils were mainly distributed in the areas of granite and siltstone, while most of the soil which came from quaternary alluvial deposits was not enriched. Analysis of variance showed that different parent materials, soil types and land use patterns had different effects on soil Se contents and enrichment. The main factor affecting Se contents in surface soil of Jieyang City was soil parent materials. The soils which derived from mudstone and tuff were more likely to enrich Se. Among different land use types, farmland had great influences on soil Se content due to long-term agricultural activities. Among different soil types, yellow soil and latosolic red soil were easy to enrich Se due to their high contents of organic matter. Although soil Se content differed among different land use types, it was not obvious that soil Se was affected by human activities in Jieyang City. In addition, the physicochemical properties of soil and altitude were also important factors of leading to Se enrichment in the topsoil of Jieyang City. Regression analysis showed that there was a significantly negative correlation between Se and pH (P &lt; 0.01), and Se was significantly positively correlated with TOC (P &lt; 0.01), Fe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (P &lt; 0.01) and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (P &lt; 0.01) in the topsoil. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the Se content in the topsoil of Jieyang City had a significantly positive correlation with elevation (P &lt; 0.01). The higher elevation, the soil Se was more easily enriched. Thus, in the development process of distinctive agriculture in Jieyang City, it is recommended to rationally use Se-enriched soils, plant Se-enriched crops, and promote the development of local distinctive agriculture in accordance with the principle of adapting to local conditions.<br/> &copy; 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:41
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Alumina - Aluminum oxide - Hematite - Interpolation - Land use - Physicochemical properties - Regression analysis - Selenium - Soils  - Spatial distribution - Trace elements
Uncontrolled terms:Different land use types - Distribution - Distribution characteristics - Enrichment characteristics - Influencing factors - Jieyang City - Physicochemical properties of soils - Soil physico-chemical properties
Classification code:403  Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 482.2  Minerals - 483.1  Soils and Soil Mechanics - 549.3  Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 804.2  Inorganic Compounds - 821.4  Agricultural Products - 921  Mathematics - 921.6  Numerical Methods - 922.2  Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.20e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 1.50e+00m to 2.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.10.011

Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.