<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20193507366770
Title:Dynamic change characteristic of cultivated land vegetation human disturbance patterns and its scale effects
Title of translation:耕地植被人为干扰格局动态变化特征及其尺度效应
Authors:Lin, Jia (1); Song, Ge (1); Zhang, Ying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Land Management, School of Humanities and Law, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China
Corresponding author:Song, Ge(songgelaoshi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:275-284
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The characteristics of human disturbance pattern changes of cultivated land vegetation is the spatial expression of the disturbance to changes of cultivated land vegetation under the interaction of human activities and natural conditions of cultivated land. It is an important basis to diagnose the influence of human utilization behavior on the stable crops production that mastering the dynamic characteristics of human disturbance pattern change of cultivated land vegetation on different scales. In order to explore the multi-scale dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation, this study took Daqing, Heilongjiang Province as the research area, calculated and identified dynamic characteristics of human disturbance patterns change of cultivated land vegetation in five periods (1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2005, 2005-2010 and 2010-2016) by using methods of remote sense (RS) and geographical information system (GIS). Scale effects of human disturbance patterns of cultivated land vegetation was analyzed by using methods of sliding lattice and iterative self-organizing data analysis techniques algorithm (ISODAT Algorithm). The results showed that the distribution of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation in the research area tended to be concentrated when the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation increased, and on the contrary tended to be dispersed. There were two main reasons for the formation of human disturbance pattern of cultivated land vegetation, one reason was that agricultural planting behavior led to the fluctuation of the physical and chemical properties of soil, which led to the change of crops prosperity. The other was that the conversion between cultivated land and other land use types, which led to the fundamental change of cultivated land vegetation. We also found that in the study period, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was not obvious in the areas that accounted for more than 50%.However, the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was still obvious in the areas that accounted for 11.81% to 18.33%, these areas were the most concentrated and uneven distribution of human disturbance. Concentration of human disturbance changed the environment, vegetation and influence between the neighboring vegetation dependencies, destabilized the cultivated land vegetation habitat, therefore, in the regions where the scale effect of human disturbance was obvious, the effect of human disturbance on vegetation community habitat was significantly greater than that of other regions. In addition in the areas where the scale effect of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation was obvious, the proportion of the area where land use type had not changed showed an increasing trend, it showed that the policy of cultivated land protection had a good effect. But agricultural production behavior was the main source of human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. So the focus of future policy should be shifted to maintaining the stability of soil physical and chemical properties. Finally, it can be seen from the multi-scale spatial clustering types that in most regions with obvious scale effects, the smaller the scale, the more obvious the human disturbance of cultivated land vegetation. It showed that the development of moderate scale agriculture was an effective way to reduce human disturbance and improve grain yield. In this study, we proposed the theory and method which could realize the research on dynamics of cultivated land vegetation structure changes under human disturbance and rapidly monitoring of its scale effect. This research is of great significance for realizing the protection of cultivated land and stable grain production.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Behavioral research
Controlled terms:Chemical stability - Crops - Dynamics - Ecosystems - Grain (agricultural product) - Iterative methods - Land use - Remote sensing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Cultivated lands - Daqing City - Disturbance patterns - Human disturbances - Scale effects
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 801 Chemistry - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.18e+01% to 1.83e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20193507366821
Title:Zoning and potential of rural housing land consolidation in Hebei province under background of livelihoods transformation
Title of translation:生计转型背景下河北省农村宅基地整理分区与潜力研究
Authors:Wang, Nan (1, 2); Hao, Jinmin (1, 2); Li, Mu (1, 2); Chen, Aiqi (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring and Control, The Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Hao, Jinmin(jmhao@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:255-264
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this paper, we took Hebei Province as an example to establish a coupling model between farmers' livelihood and rural housing land utilization, and then we analyzed the main factors affecting the average area per household of rural housing land, and determined the factors that regulated and controlled the time sequence and patterns of rural housing land consolidation in different zones. By constructing methods to measure the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation, the potential and area standard of different zones were determined so that reference for rural housing land consolidation work could be provided. Our results showed were that due to irrational factors brought about by farmers' dependence on land, the average area per household of rural housing land showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of farmers' non-agricultural employment level. The inflection point of non-agricultural employment in counties was between 0.496 and 0.564. The inadequate household differentiation caused by local non-agricultural employment in the eastern region made the inflection point of non-agricultural employment higher. Because of the restriction of the circulation of rural housing land and the promotion of economic level, urbanization and per capita GDP had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The western inland area had a strong promoting effect because of the difficulty of farmers to settle in cities and towns. Because of the influence of the demand for productive land, the expansion of production scale had a promoting effect on the expansion of rural housing land area. The southern region is located in the main grain producing area, which had a strong promoting effect. Because of the low level of production in ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry, the smaller scale of productive land led to the smaller scale of homestead. As the demand for non-residential land exceeded the common sense, plot ratio of rural housing land was negatively correlated with the average area per household of rural housing land, especially in the northwest region due to the diversification of livelihoods and extensive management. Our results also showed that according to farmers' livelihood and average area per household of rural housing land, consolidation timing zone were divided into priority consolidation, moderate consolidation, moderate potential tapping and restriction consolidation. With the reference to the dominant factors affecting the change of the rural housing land area, consolidation pattern zone were divided into five types according to the reformation of rural housing land system, optimization of agricultural structure, and the deepening of the level of rural land management. In addition, the results also showed that according to the differences of farmers' livelihoods and average area per household of rural housing land, the livelihood potential and standard potential of rural housing land consolidation were divided. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the priority consolidation zone were 45 429.70 hm<sup>2</sup> and 401 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and economic conditions were the main factor that restricted rural housing land consolidation. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate consolidation zone were 446.32 hm<sup>2</sup> and 26 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively; its rural housing land needed less. The consolidation potential and the average area standard per household of rural housing land in the moderate potential tapping zone were 33 471.92 hm<sup>2</sup> and 407 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, natural and economic conditions were the main factors that restrict rural housing land consolidation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Housing
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Employment - Rural areas - Structural optimization - Zoning
Uncontrolled terms:Economic condition - Employment levels - Farmers' livelihood - Hebei Province - Potential - Rural housing land consolidations - Rural housing lands - Standard potential
Classification code:403.1 Urban Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Area 2.60e+01m2, Area 4.01e+02m2, Area 4.07e+02m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20193507366856
Title:Farmer-dominated pattern land consolidation to solve arable land fragmentation and its effectiveness evaluation in Guangxi
Title of translation:广西农民自主型细碎化耕地归并整治模式及效果评价
Authors:Zhang, Bangbang (1, 2); Niu, Wenhao (1); Zuo, Xuyang (3); Kong, Xiangbin (2, 4); Yun, Wenju (2, 5); Chen, Haibin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Quality Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Department of Natural Resources of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning; 530028, China; (4) College of Land Scence and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (5) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Xiangbin(kxb@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:265-274
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With socio-economic growth, arable land fragmentation has increasingly become a serious obstacle to agricultural development, in terms of waste of scarce land resource, need of intensive labor input, obstruction of application of machineries, increasing production cost and reducing land use efficiency. Land consolidation has widely been taken as a necessary approach for solving this problem. In the context of rural revitalization, it is of great significance to explore novel patterns of land consolidation besides traditional government-dominated pattern. The objective of this paper was to expound on the mechanism and examine the effectiveness of a new land consolidation pattern, namely the farmer-dominated pattern of "merging small plots to large plot", emerging in the rural area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, in hope of making contributions to innovations on land consolidation, rural land reform, and rural revitalization. Methods of semi-structured interviews, quantitative models, and case studies were adopted. This new pattern combined a BOTTOM-UP process of land tenure adjustment, land consolidation plan, design and engineering, spontaneously carried out by farmers, with a TOP-DOWN financial support from government, which was conditional on meeting the requirements of high-standard basic farmland construction. Before "merging small plots to large plot", land fragmentation affected agricultural output, production cost and land use efficiency by directly or indirectly acting on input factors of land, labor, capital, technology among others in arable land use system. While "merging small plots to large plot" could reallocate land parcels and readjust land tenure, enhance the coordination and mutual adaption of various input factors, hence promote the alignment of productive forces and relations of production. In the case study of Nongnong Village, farmer-dominated land consolidation pattern increased the area of arable land through filling earth ditches and merging field ridge, dramatically reduced plot number through merging small plots, significantly improved arable land use efficiency and agricultural productivity through infrastructure construction such as roads and irrigation facilities and agricultural machineries application. Furthermore, this new pattern substantially increased farmers' income through adjustment of cropping structure and transfer of rural labor into non-farm employments. It was concluded that farmer-dominated land consolidation pattern was a typical model of the BOTTOM-UP land consolidation by the farmers combined with the TOP-DOWN supervision and support by government, could effectively solve the problem of arable land fragmentation and promote optimization and coordination among various input factors of arable land use system, and proved itself as an effective approach to bridge the gap between smallholders and modern agriculture characterized of industrialization and mechanization, which could contribute to rural revitalization and be extended to other regions in China as well as other developing countries. Three insights are suggested to extend this innovation pattern. First, central and provincial governments should issue policies to address the legitimacy problem concerning farmers self-organized land merger and consolidation and to provide financial supports for construction of farmland infrastructures. Second, village elites should play an important role as facilitators, coordinators, or brokers in whole process. Third, a special work team on site, comprised of village cadres, village elites, representatives of all clans and interest groups, should be assembled to deal with conflicts of interests and ensure the synergy of multiple interests and objectives.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Land use
Controlled terms:Costs - Developing countries - Economic analysis - Efficiency - Farms - Merging - Productivity - Rural areas
Uncontrolled terms:Arable land - Farmer-dominated - Guangxi - Land consolidations - Land-use systems - Pattern
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20193507366801
Title:Simulating winter wheat geometrical parameters of each organ using whole plant dry matter weight distribution index model
Title of translation:整株干物质量分配指数模型模拟冬小麦各器官形态参数
Authors:Li, Shijuan (1, 2); Zhu, Yeping (1, 2); Zhang, Hongying (2); Liu, Shengping (1, 2); Liu, Hailong (1, 2); Du, Mingzhu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agri-information Service Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Yeping(zhuyeping@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:155-164
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:According to the data sources, two main research directions are found in crop virtual research. One is crop geometry simulation and visualization based on external morphological parameters. Without regarding the impact of external morphology and the management measures on the crop, this type of models are focusing on the authenticity of visual effects, generally having no biological significant. Another is the primary structure-function simulation model of crop morphological structure based on simple statistics. This type of primary functional-structure model considers environmental parameters, crop developing processes and a series of important growth characteristic parameters. But most of them are empirical models, in which considering the effects of certain environmental factors on plant growth, and assuming that other environmental factors are appropriate. Thus the modeling method is not closely integrated with wheat physiological processes. The model cannot reflect the impact of changes such as instant photosynthesis, water and fertilizer dynamics on the growth of crops, and thus cannot reflect the instantaneous changes of the virtual forms of crops. The crop growth mechanism model takes data related with soil, meteorological and species as parameters to simulate the dry matter, leaf area and water-fertilizer dynamics in soil-crop system day by day, which can quantitatively describe the dynamic relationship between crop growth and environmental factors. And it is versatile, dynamic and predictive. Researchers have paid more and more attention to the integration and fusion of crop growth mechanism model with morphological structure model. Aiming at the problem that the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) functional model and the three-dimensional structural model can't be well connected, the distribution of the dry matter in different organs after the wintering period and the relationship between dry matter and morphological parameters are studied for 3 wheat varieties by setting the field experiment in this paper. Based on the effective accumulated temperature and dry matter, the dry matter distribution index model and the geometrical parameters simulation model of various organs such as wheat leaf, sheath, stem and ear were constructed, and then were verified by independent data. The results showed that the ear dry matter distribution index had the best simulation effect, with the RRMSE value and EF value of 6.58% and 0.98, respectively. The distribution index of leaf, leaf sheath and stem were well simulated with he RRMSE values of 13.86%, 10.83% and 14.87% respectively, and the EF values of 0.98, 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. The ear morphological parameter model and the sheath length model performed pretty good with the RRMSE values of 7.39%, 9.61% and 6.22% for ear length, width and thickness, and the EF values of 0.83, 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. The RRMSE and EF values of leaf sheath length were 8.62% and 0.81. The simulation for sheath expansion width of leaf sheath morphology parameter model had a general simulation effect, and need to be further corrected. This series of models might take dry matter simulated from the wheat growth model as input to generate daily geometrical parameters of each organ required for three-dimensional morphological simulation of wheat main stem.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Dynamics - Fertilizers - Geometry - Models - Morphology - Plants (botany)
Uncontrolled terms:After wintering period - Dry matters - Growth modeling - Parameters - Winter wheat
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.08e+01%, Percentage 1.39e+01%, Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 6.22e+00%, Percentage 6.58e+00%, Percentage 7.39e+00%, Percentage 8.62e+00%, Percentage 9.61e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20193507366843
Title:Technical and economic evaluation for clean heating using straw in rural area based on principle of value engineering
Title of translation:基于价值工程原理的乡村秸秆清洁供暖技术经济评价
Authors:Cong, Hongbin (1, 2); Yao, Zonglu (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Huo, Lili (1, 2); Yuan, Yanwen (1, 2); Ren, Yawei (1, 2); Liu, Guanghua (3); Liu, Shengyong (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of People's Republic of China, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Chengde Bente Ecology & Technology Co., Ltd., Chengde; 067000, China; (4) College of Mechanical & Eletrical Engineering of Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:200-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The proportion of clean heating in northern China is low, especially bulk coal is widely used in winter in some areas. The emission amount of air pollutants is large, so it is urgent to promote clean heating. By the end of 2016, the total heating area of urban and rural buildings in northern China was about 20.6 billion m<sup>3</sup>, of which the heating area of rural buildings was 6.5 billion m<sup>3</sup>. Heating energy mainly includes coal, natural gas, electric energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat and so on. Among them, coal-fired heating area accounts for about 83% of the total heating area. About 400 million tons of standard coals are consumed annually, of which 200 million tons of standard coals are bulk coals mainly distributed in rural areas. In rural areas, the total usage amount of bulk coal is large, burning season is concentrated, the discharge is dispersed, and without purification measures, so the pollutant discharge is serious. China is rich in crop straw, with theoretical resources exceeding 900 million tons, and among them still about 200 million tons are not effectively utilized. The rural straw clean heating can build distributed clean hearing system in rural areas by collecting local raw materials, processing and transforming on the spot, and consuming nearby. This model could reduce open-air burning of rural straw, provide clean heat, and realize directly replacement of coal burning in terminal consumption link. The rural straw clean heating has a great development space. Heating using straw could promote straw comprehensive utilization, and also promote clean heating in rural areas in northern China. Based on investigation and summary of present situation of straw clean heating technology, this paper puts forward a typical rural straw clean heating model with good application prospects, establishes the functional evaluation index system, and evaluates the technical economy of seven typical models by using the value engineering principle and the analytic hierarchy process. The results show that, without considering the external conditions such as resource endowment, transportation, physical geography and level of economic and social development, the corresponding value coefficients of CHP(combined heat and power) heating, pyrolysis cogeneration household heating, bundle-fired boiler central heating, pyrolysis cogeneration central heating, briquette fuel household heating, bundle-fired boiler household heating and briquette fuel central heating are 1.062, 1.050, 1.005, 0.990, 0.973, 0.965, 0.956, respectively. Overall, cogeneration, pyrolysis, bundle-fired and other technologies show relatively good economy for clean heating of rural straw. This study can provide important reference for guiding R&D and application of straw clean heating technology in rural area.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Heating
Controlled terms:Audition - Boilers - Briquets - Coal - Cogeneration plants - Economic analysis - Economic and social effects - Geothermal energy - Petroleum prospecting - Pollution - Power generation - Pyrolysis - Rural areas - Solar energy - Straw - Value engineering - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Combined heat and power - Comprehensive utilizations - Economic and social development - Economic evaluations - Engineering principles - Functional evaluation - Heating in rural areas - Pollutant discharges
Classification code:461.4 Ergonomics and Human Factors Engineering - 481.3.1 Geothermal Phenomena - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 614 Steam Power Plants - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 911.5 Value Engineering - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.30e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20193507366820
Title:Feasibility and method of classification of spraying nozzle
Title of translation:施药喷嘴分级可行性及方法研究
Authors:Zhou, Qingqing (1); Xue, Xinyu (1); Zhou, Liangfu (1); Sun, Tao (1); Tian, Zhiwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xue, Xinyu(735178312@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:66-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Measurement result of droplet size is affected by many factors such as spray liquid property, flow rate, spray pressure, orifice shape, and so on. Droplet size measurement results are different under different test methods. That means the droplet size measurement results of nozzles under different conditions have no significance of comparison and direct utilization. Nozzle classification based on droplet spectrum ignores the difference of laboratory data and obtain the same or similar nozzle classification results. However, nozzle classification method and test criteria have not been popularized or implemented in China, which leads to a fact that the nozzles made in China can not be classified or be compared with international nozzles. If ASAE nozzle classification reference map is used directly, the classification result will be misjudged. In order to solve the problem of the lack of data and methods of droplet size classification for domestic agricultural nozzles, a standard test method for droplet size was established in NJS-01 plant protection low speed wind tunnel based on ASAE S572.1 standard. Test conditions were as follows: airflow speed was 6.7 m/s and sampling distance was 30.5 cm. Sampling area was the whole spray section of laser scanning at a certain sampling distance. After determined standard test conditions and procedures, five reference nozzles were tested, namely Teejet 11001, 11003, 11006, 8008 and 6510 stainless steel core fans nozzle. On this basis, a reference map for droplet size classification of reference nozzles was established, and a nozzle classification method based on the reference map was proposed. According to the reference map of droplet size classification in NJS laboratory, droplet size was divided into 6 grades: very fine (VF), fine (F), medium (M), coarse (C), very coarse (VC) and extremely coarse (XC). Due to the limitation of measurement range and accuracy of DP-02 laser particle size analyzer, in this paper, we only considered the droplet size classification of common plant protection nozzles, and did not measure IP-16 and 6515 reference nozzles, which correspond for categories of extremely fine/very fine (XF/VF) and extremely coarse/ultra-coarse (XC/UC). Droplet sizes of 24 to be classified nozzles were measured at the pressure of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa. To be classified nozzles were Teejet F110 (01-08), Lurmark F110 (015-05), Lanao F110 (015-05), YZS80 (02-04) and YZK80 (02-04). Nozzles were classified according to the position of droplet spectrum polyline on the reference map. Compared with test classification levels of Teejet F110 (01-08) and Lurmark F110 (015-05) standard fan-shaped spray nozzles and nominal nozzle levels provided by manufacturers, our results showed that most of the test levels of nozzles were in accordance with the nominal nozzle levels provided by manufacturers, except for the inconsistencies of classification levels of individual nozzles under individual pressures, which could indicate that the reference map of droplet size classification established by NJS wind tunnel laboratory and the nozzle classification method based on droplet spectrum were correct and adaptable. Droplet sizes of Lanao F110, YZS80 and YZK80 nozzles under different pressures were classified by this classification method, and the classification level of nozzles increased with the increase of nozzle type (nozzle aperture), and decreased with the increase of spray pressure. The same type of nozzles can be classified into different levels under different spray pressures. Droplet size was influenced by geometry shape of nozzle, the order of droplet size from large to small was YZS80, F110 and YZK80 under the same nozzle number and pressure. The results of classification were instructive for perfecting technical parameters of domestic nozzles, making it easy for users to choose nozzle type and to determine working pressure.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Drops - Dynamic positioning - Flow rate - Manufacture - Nozzles - Particle size - Particle size analysis - Pesticides - Spraying - Testing - Vanadium steel - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Classification methods - Classification results - Droplet size measurement - Droplet spectrums - Laser particle size analyzer - Low-speed wind tunnel - Standard test condition (STC) - Wind tunnel laboratory
Classification code:537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 4.00e+05Pa, Size 3.05e-01m, Velocity 6.70e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20193507366882
Title:Design of cleaning device of tangential flow and whole-feed peanut combine harvester
Title of translation:切流式花生全喂入联合收获机清选机构设计
Authors:Yu, Zhaoyang (1, 2); Hu, Zhichao (1, 2); Cao, Mingzhu (1, 2); Wang, Shenying (1, 2); Zhang, Peng (1, 2); Peng, Baoliang (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(zchu369@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:29-37
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Grain cleaning is the core technology of peanut harvest. Therefore, in the process of peanut harvesting, how to enhance operation fluency and efficiency, and to ensure technical indicators such as low loss rate of cleaning, low impurity rate of peanut pods, has been a difficult technical problem of whole-feed peanut combine harvester. In order to settle the above difficulties, a cleaning device of tangential flow and whole-feed peanut combine harvester was designed, realizing the grain winnowed combined with screened, one-time large and small sundries clearance, sieve surface unencumbered. The cleaning device of tangential flow and whole-feed peanut combine harvester consisted of pole sieve, multi-stage elastic sieve, behind sieve, straw-shaking wheel, eccentric sleeve, main fan, auxiliary fan. The vibrating sieve consisted of pole sieve, multi-stage elastic sieve, behind sieve. Pole sieve was above the vibrating sieve. Multi-stage elastic sieve and behind sieve were below the vibrating sieve. Combined with existed mechanism advantages, a crank-rocker mechanism which consisted of the vibrating sieve and swinging arm was brought forward. In the application of cleaning device of tangential flow and whole-feed peanut combine harvester, there are many problems such as high impurity rate of peanut pods, high loss rate of cleaning, agricultural film tangles, and debris blockage. Utilizing kineto-statics method, in this paper, we researched relative motion of grain on the sieve surface, analyzed limiting conditions of grain upglide, downglide, jump from sieve surface, and determined the key motion parameter in theory. Vibration acceleration of vibrating sieve was 17.5-24.5 m/s<sup>2</sup>. Amplitude of vibrating sieve was 7.5-17.5 mm. Vibration frequency of vibrating sieve was 5-9 Hz. Utilizing D'Alembert's principle, in this paper, we also researched sieve force under alternating loads, determined the important structure parameter of sieve. Cleaning device was matched onto the whole-feed combine and a lot of tests were carried out in the field. Loss rate of cleaning and impurity rate of peanut pods were taken as the evaluation indicator of cleaning quality. The key factors affecting cleaning quality were researched by field experiment in this paper. A scheme of orthogonal test, which included 3 factors and 3 levels, was designed. That key factor included amplitude, vibration frequency and revolving speed of main fan. The value range of amplitude and vibration frequency was based on the preceding theoretical analysis. The value range of revolving speed of main fan was based on single factor experiment. The experimental results showed that significant order for multi-factors affected on cleaning quality was: revolving speed of main fan, amplitude, vibration frequency. Within the scope of the 95% confidence coefficient, revolving speed of main fan was extremely significant for cleaning quality, amplitude and vibration frequency were significant for cleaning quality. The optimal parameter combination was that revolving speed of main fan was 2 100 r/min, amplitude was 12.5 mm, vibration frequency was 9 Hz. Under the above optimal parameters, field experiments were carried out, loss rate of cleaning was 5.03% and impurity rate of peanut pods was 5.39%. The operation of cleaning device is fluent, almost no agricultural film tangles and debris blockage. The research results provide theoretical basis for design and parameter optimization of whole-feed peanut combine harvester and cleaning device.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Combines
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Cleaning - Crops - Debris - Design - Grain (agricultural product) - Harvesters - Machine design - Mechanisms - Oilseeds - Poles - Quality control - Sieves - Speed - Vibration analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Combine harvesters - Crank-rocker mechanism - D' Alembert's principle - Loss rates - Optimal parameter combinations - Peanut - Single-factor experiments - Vibration acceleration
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.3 Mechanisms - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Acceleration 1.75e+01m/s2 to 2.45e+01m/s2, Frequency 5.00e+00Hz to 9.00e+00Hz, Frequency 9.00e+00Hz, Percentage 5.03e+00%, Percentage 5.39e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Rotational_Speed 2.10e+03RPM, Size 1.25e-02m, Size 7.50e-03m to 1.75e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20193507366860
Title:Influence of ceiling on environment and physiological property of beef in beef cattle barn using tunnel ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system
Title of translation:吊顶对湿帘风机纵向通风牛舍环境及牛生理的影响研究
Authors:Chen, Zhaohui (1, 2); Xiong, Haozhe (1, 2); Ma, Yichang (2); Yang, Hao (2); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Yang, Shitang (3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) Yufeng Agriculture Co., Ltd., Gao'an; 330800, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jijun(liujijun@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:175-184
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to improve the airflow condition of vertical ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system with ceiling in the beef cattle barn applied to the cooling effect and the uniformity of air distribution in the beef cattle occupied zone, as well as to increase the wind speed. This experiment was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method on the basis of the measured data to simulate the airflow condition of the vertical ventilation beef cattle barn with fan-pad evaporative cooling system and ceiling. The size of the barn is 52 m×12 m×4.2 m. The lying area of the beef cattle in the barn is along the length direction, and one group is set up at 2-3 intervals, and 8-12 fattened cattle are raised in each group. There were 81 beef cattle which averaged 330 kg of weight included in the study. In order to increase the wind speed in the animal occupied area without affecting the operation of manual feeding, the plastic ceiling was installed 3.3 m away from the lying area of the beef cattle. However, due to gravity, the middle part of the ceiling was downward, so in the CFD model, the ceiling height was 3.0 m. In the simulation, this experiment improved the original model, the number of cattle has increased to 81 and randomly distributed in the model. Measurement experiments were implemented from July to August 2016, which including test temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, enclosure structure temperature, surface temperature of beef cattle, respiration rate and their body size. The measured heights of wind speed were 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7 m above the floor, and the measured heights of temperature and relative humidity were 0.7 and 1.2 m. Measurements were conducted at 10:00, 12:00, 14:00 and 16:00. The temperature of walls, floors and ceiling were recorded by thermal infrared imager (Fluke Ti400), which were used for modeling. The modeling results showed that average relative error of the wind speed was 27% in Y = 0.7 m, 14% in Y=1.2 m and 13% in Y=1.7 m, respectively. The simulation results showed that vertical ventilation system with fan-pad evaporative cooling system and ceiling in this experiment can improve the uniformity of wind speed and air flow in the house. The environmental test results showed that the air flow in the barn with ceiling was uniform and the wind speed in the beef occupied zone was appropriate, which could provide more suitable environment for beef cattle. The average wind speed of the Y= 0.7 m section was 0.75 m/s, the average wind speed of the Y= 1.2 m section was 0.88 m/s, and the average wind speed of the Y= 1.7 m section was 1.0 m/s. Inner average temperature 30.0℃, which was lower than the outside by 16%. The average relative humidity was 80.9% and the concentration of harmful gas was within the standard range, and ETI did not reach the level of heat stress. The results can provide a reference for design of this type of beef cattle house.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Wind
Controlled terms:Air - Beef - Ceilings - Computational fluid dynamics - Cooling - Environmental testing - Evaporation - Evaporative cooling systems - Farm buildings - Floors - Flow fields - Heating - Models - Speed - Thermoelectric equipment - Ventilation
Uncontrolled terms:Average relative error - Beef cattle - Computational fluid dynamics methods - Measurement experiments - Physiological properties - Temperature and relative humidity - Thermal infrared imager - Tunnel ventilation systems
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 615.4 Thermoelectric Energy - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 643.5 Ventilation - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Mass 3.30e+02kg, Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01%, Percentage 8.09e+01%, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.70e+00m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 3.30e+00m, Size 7.00e-01m, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 7.50e-01m/s, Velocity 8.80e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20193507366869
Title:Distinguishing watermelon maturity based on acoustic characteristics and near infrared spectroscopy fusion technology
Title of translation:基于音频和近红外光谱融合技术的西瓜成熟度判别
Authors:Zou, Xiaobo (1); Zhang, Junjun (1); Huang, Xiaowei (1); Zheng, Kaiyi (1); Wu, Shengbin (1); Shi, Jiyong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab., School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:301-307
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rapid non-destructive detection internal quality of fruit can improve the marketable value of watermelon. Non-destructive technology discrimination and quality assessment of watermelon in real time is a hot topic. More and more studies have been used for watermelon quality detection, such as near infrared spectroscopy, acoustic methods, electrical and magnetic methods etc. Compared with non-destructive methods such as near-infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance, acoustic signal detection has the advantages of simple equipment and low price. So it is widely used to detect the internal quality information of watermelon. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a suitable method to characterize organic compounds which have been successfully applied for the detection of soluble solids content (SSC). However, the accuracy of single detection method is not very high. In this study, we aimed to combine acoustic technology with near-infrared spectroscopy of discrimination and watermelon quality at three maturity level. For the acoustic signal of watermelons, a simple single wire pendulum platform was built for the collection of acoustic. Then the acoustic signal was converted into a spectrum signal. The spectrum signal was modeled after extracting feature variable by (Principal Component Analysis) PCA method. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-near neighbor (KNN) and back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) were successfully discriminated the watermelon based on the maturity stages. Meanwhile, SSC was the most important evaluation index of watermelon. Therefore synergy interval partial least squares (Si-PLS) was used to establish the SSC prediction of watermelon multivariate model of acoustic signal, spectral signal and conjunction information. The LDA of concatenated technique was the best calibration model and the recognition rate of the calibration set and prediction set get highest were 100.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The r<inf>c</inf> was 0.846 9 and r<inf>p</inf> was 0.723 3 of Si-PLS model, respectively. For the near-infrared spectroscopy of watermelon, the study used a portable near-infrared spectrometer to collect information about the quality of watermelons at the equator. Then the spectral signal was collected by portable NIR spectrometer for characteristic wavelength screening by GA (Genetic Algorithm). Finally, the 126 variables were obtained to the next modeling analysis. BP-ANN model showed the highest accuracy while Si-PLS model presented higher prediction (r<inf>p</inf> was 0.834 8) and calibration (r<inf>c</inf> was 0.855 9). For the acoustic signal merged the near-infrared spectral signature signal, maximum and minimum normalization of the acoustic signal and the spectral signal were obtained. The precision of quantitative and qualitative models were improved. LDA of concatenated technique showed the best calibration model and the recognition rate of the calibration set and prediction set were 100.00% and 91.67%. And the established calibration model had the best effect. The root mean squared error of the calibration set (RMSECV) was 0.601%, and the root mean squared error of the prediction set (RMSEP) was 0.725%. The r<inf>c</inf> was 0.901 5 and r<inf>p</inf> was 0.850 6. Compared with the individual audio signals, the root mean square error is reduced by 0.081 and 0.068 percentage points, respectively. Thus, it evidenced that the acoustic signal merged the near-infrared spectral signature signal can improve the accuracy of the qualitative judgment of watermelon maturity. Based on portable NIR spectroscopy and acoustic signal, the rapid prediction of soluble solids in watermelon can be achieved.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Acoustic spectroscopy
Controlled terms:Acoustic measuring instruments - Acoustic waves - Acoustics - Backpropagation - Discriminant analysis - Errors - Forecasting - Genetic algorithms - Infrared spectrometers - Least squares approximations - Mean square error - Models - Near infrared spectroscopy - Nearest neighbor search - Neural networks - Nondestructive examination - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - Principal component analysis - Silicon compounds - Spectrum analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Acoustic signal detection - Back-propagation artificial neural network - Linear discriminant analysis - Near infrared spectrometer - Nondestructive detection - Soluble solids content - Synergy interval partial least squares - Watermelon maturity
Classification code:723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 751 Acoustics, Noise. Sound - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922 Statistical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 941.1 Acoustical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 6.01e-01%, Percentage 7.25e-01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20193507366847
Title:Design and parameter optimization of vertical driving-type surface rotary tillage machine
Title of translation:立式驱动浅旋耙设计与参数优化
Authors:Wang, Yingbo (1, 2, 3); Rong, Gao (1, 2, 3); Li, Hongwen (1, 2, 3); Wang, Qingjie (1, 2, 3); He, Jin (1, 2, 3); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Ministry of Agriculture, Northern Hebei Province, Cultivated Land Conservation Agricultural Science Observation and Experiment Station, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Key Laboratory of Design and Optimization in Modern Agricultural Equipment, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:38-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aiming at the problems that the characteristics of less tillage in conservation tillage, high quality of surface flatness and high requirements on surface soil erosion during tillage, a vertical drive-type surface rotary tillage machine was designed. The main structure was frame, gearbox, transmission system and rotary knife group of surface rotary. The structure of the whole machine meets the requirements of the topography of conservation tillage in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. And also meets process of loose soil, disturbing and finely chopping the soil. Land preparation without leakage can be done on one operation with vertical surface rotary tillage machine. In order to reduce the vibration of the machine, the knife group adopts the same spur gear meshing rotation form. And the opposite direction of each rotation of gear would reduce the vibration of the machine while ensuring the transmission efficiency and improve the stability during operation. There were 10 knife groups of machine, and each of which had the diameter of 260 mm. The distance between 2 adjacent knife groups was 260 mm. In order to avoid the collision of two adjacent knife group during the operation, the installation angle of the adjacent knife group was 18°. The factors affected the effect of the soil-breaking process were got, which through the optimization design of the structural parameters of the key components, the kinematics analysis and the dynamics analysis of the knife. The factors were the rotation speed of the knife and the forward speed of machine. The camber angle of knife was 10° and the width of the knife cutting the soil part was 40 mm through the kinematics analysis. Discrete element method (DEM) was used to established soil model, to simulated soil broken process with rotary knife. The results showed that rotation speed of the knife and the forward speed of machine had a significant influence on the soil-broken rate and soil fatness of shallow soil tillage. Performance optimization experiment was carried out on the vertical drive-type surface rotary machine through the orthogonal field test. The soil broken rate, soil bulk density and surface flatness used as test indicators. The test was implemented in Donghai country, Jiang Su province in December, in 2017. The test results showed the primary and secondary order of influencing factors for each test index. For the soil broken rate, the soil bulk density and surface flatness, the order was rotation speed of knife, the forward speed of machine. The best structure parameter of vertical driving-type surface rotary tillage machine was obtained through field test. And results also showed that the soil broken rate was 95.4%, soil bulk density was 0.82 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, surface flatness was 16.3 mm, the coefficient of variation of tillage depth was 12.5%, and the coverage rate of straw was 78.6%, when the forward speed of machine was 1.4 m/s, the rotation speed of the knife was 350 r/min. Results met the requirements of soil-broken and straw covering. This study is provide a new optimization and references scheme for surface rotary rotation machine before no-tillage sowing.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil conservation
Controlled terms:Cultivation - Design - Finite difference method - Kinematics - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Rotation - Shape optimization - Soils - Speed - Structural design - Surface testing - Topography - Vibrations (mechanical)
Uncontrolled terms:Coefficient of variation - Coverage rate - Orthogonal test - Parameter optimization - Performance optimizations - Rotary tillages - Surface flatness - Transmission efficiency
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 931.1 Mechanics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 8.20e+02kg/m3, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 7.86e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.50e+02RPM, Size 1.63e-02m, Size 2.60e-01m, Size 4.00e-02m, Velocity 1.40e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20193507366791
Title:Evolution process of slope rill erosion based on 3D photo reconstruction technique
Title of translation:基于三维重建技术的坡面细沟侵蚀演变过程研究
Authors:Wu, Shufang (1); Liu, Boyang (1); Lei, Qi (1); Sun, Liquan (1); Guo, Huili (1); Feng, Zhe (1); Qian, Kuo (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:114-120
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Liang-mao slope system is in the loess hilly and gully region. Its accumulated runoff and sediment production has a direct and significant impact on the slope erosion and the channel erosion below the margin line is the origination of headwater erosion and water flow under the act of heavy intensity rainfalls. In this research, we used an advanced research techniques: the three-dimensional reconstruction technology, and intermittent artificial rainfall simulation combining with soil erosion, as well as the theory of river sediment transport to express the erosion processes of slope varying from 5° to 35°. Evolving morphological parameters were used to elucidate hillslope erosion evolutionary rules and specific characteristics quantitatively. In combination with PhotoScan software and ArcGIS, the complex evolution process of soil erosion on variable gradient slope was graphed and digitalized, the evolution characteristics of morphology parameters and the relationship between detachment and morphological indicators were revealed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that the evolution process of rill erosion on the loess liang-mao slope mainly experienced through four stages: The first stage was that the evolution stage from sheet erosion to rill erosion, which was often at a distance at the top of the slope had a series of eroded drop pits with the shape of beadlike and nearly equal spacing at different distances. The width of eroded pits was about 5-9 cm, the depth was about 1-4 cm with an average of 2 cm. The second stage was rill erosion development stage. In this stage, the micro rills were produced from drop pits under the interaction between water scouring and rain drops beating to the slope surface, the maximum length, width, depth and rill density of rills increased to 266, 7.6, 13.8 cm respectively. The third stage was the rill network stage in which bifurcating and merging of rills gradually formed rill network. The last stage was undercutting erosion of rills and widening of the trench walls causing rill network developing in length and depth, and finally, the micro gully erosion presented in the varied gradient slope surface. The maximum depth, length and width of rills and rill density were introduced to quantify development characteristic of rill networks and reflect the erosion intensity in vertical and horizontal direction, they all augmented with the increase of erosion amount. The hillslope gradually developed from flat to complex terrain. The results also showed that the eroded soil amount could be obtained through the value of DEM(digital elevation model) based on 3D reconstruction method before and after the rainfall runoff erosion process followed by, comparison with the actual measured subsurface rainfall erosion amount. The calculation showed that the deviation between the calculated erosion amount and the actual sediment production amount was only 20.82% at the first test, and the results of other tests varied around10%. Therefore, the technology was accurate enough to be applied in this study. The study not only can deepen people's understanding of the qualitative and quantitative process of soil erosion development, but also have profound academic value and practical guidance value for innovative erosion process research methods and guiding slope and gully treatment guidelines.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Erosion
Controlled terms:Complex networks - Drops - Flow of water - Image reconstruction - Landforms - Morphology - Rain - Runoff - Sediment transport - Soil testing - Soils - Surveying - Three dimensional computer graphics
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial rainfall simulations - Development characteristics - Evolution characteristics - Evolution process - Image-based - Rill erosion - Simulated rainfall - Three-dimensional reconstruction
Classification code:405.3 Surveying - 442.1 Flood Control - 443.3 Precipitation - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics - 722 Computer Systems and Equipment - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.08e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m to 4.00e-02m, Size 1.38e-01m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m to 9.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20193507366810
Title:Spatiotemporal distribution and return period of rainfall erosivity in China
Title of translation:中国降雨侵蚀力的时空分布及重现期研究
Authors:Yin, Shuiqing (1); Xue, Xiaochan (1); Yue, Tianyu (1); Xie, Yun (1); Gao, Ge (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing; 100081, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:105-113
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Rainfall erosivity is an indicator of the potential capacity of rainfall to cause soil erosion and one of the most important factors in the soil erosion model USLE and its revised versions. Based on the precipitation data with one-minute interval collected from 18 meteorological stations in the middle eastern water erosion areas of China from 1961(1971) to 2000, relationships between daily rainfall erosivity and event rainfall erosivity for different return periods were explored. Based on the daily precipitation data from 774 meteorological stations nationwide from 1961 to 2016, average annual, half-month, annual and event erosivity for the 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods were calculated for the stations with observations. The Kriging interpolation method was used to estimate the rainfall erosivity for sites without observations and the spatial distribution maps of rainfall erosivity obtained could meet the requirements of the USLE models for the input of erosive force related parameters. The results showed that: 1) there was a good linear relationship between event and daily rainfall erosivity for corresponding return periods, and coefficients of determination were all greater than or equal to 0.96. The coefficients for converting daily rainfall erosivity into event rainfall erosivity were 1.12, 1.15, 1.17, 1.19, 1.22, and 1.24, respectively for the 2-year, 5-year, 10-year, 20-year, 50-year and 100-year return periods, which could be useful when event precipitation data was not available. 2) The leave-one-out cross-validation results showed that spatial interpolation models for all the above indices had good precision. Spatial interpolation models for the average annual, half-month, and annual erosivity of different return periods performed better than those for the event erosivity of different return periods. For the average annual, half-month, and annual erosivity of return periods, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) was greater than or equal to 0.80, deviation percentage (PBIAS) was less than 1%, and the ratio of root mean square error to the observed standard deviation (RSR) was less than 0.45; for the event erosivity of different return periods, NSE was not less than 0.74, PBIAS was less than 1%, and RSR was less than and equal to 0.51. 3) The seasonal variation curve of erosivity had good regional similarity. The K-means clustering analysis method was used to cluster seasonal variation curves of rainfall erosivity into four categories. One curve of seasonal variation for each category was obtained by averaging values for all stations in the same category. Similar with the seasonal variation of precipitation caused by monsoon climate, four categories were all with predominant peak in summer and autumn. The type I curve was characteristic of "short" with the erosivity more dispersed during the year and d two peaks; the type II reached a peak in June and decreased rapidly after June; the type III had a peak in July; and the type IV was characteristic of "slim and high" with a high degree of concentration and a significant peak appearing in the late July.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Rain
Controlled terms:Erosion - Interpolation - K-means clustering - Mean square error - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Efficiency coefficient - K-means clustering analysis - Kriging interpolation methods - Leave-one-out cross validations - Return periods - Root mean square errors - Spatial distribution map - Spatiotemporal distributions
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.00e+01yr, Age 1.00e+02yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 2.00e+01yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Age 5.00e+01yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20193507366836
Title:Spatial-temporal distribution and change trend of northern limit of winter wheat planting in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain
Title of translation:黄淮海地区冬小麦种植北界时空演变及未来趋势分析
Authors:Tang, Xiaopei (1, 2); Song, Ni (1); Chen, Zhifang (1); Wang, Jinglei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang; 453002, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Jinglei(firiwjl@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:129-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Studying the northern limit of winter wheat in the past, present and future in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain may provide theoretical basis and technical support to mitigate climate change on winter wheat cultivation in the sensitive zone in the North China. Daily meteorological data during 1961-2017 at 94 climatic stations in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and the projected temperature during 2011-2100 generated by the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM4.2) and the second generation of Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2) in representative concentration paths RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were used in this study. Five climatic indicators, the coldest monthly mean temperature (≥-8℃), the extreme minimum temperature (≥-24℃), the accumulated temperature before overwintering (≥400℃), the negative accumulated temperature during overwintering (≥-450℃), and the accumulated temperature during the whole growth period of winter wheat(≥1 700℃), were used to evaluate the probabilities of winter wheat planting in different decades and the change of northern limit of winter wheat at 80% guarantee level in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1961 to 2100. Main results were listed as following: during 1961-1970, the northern limit of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was mainly distributed in the area of Tianjin-Bazhou-Baoding- Shijiazhuang-Xingtai-Linfen; during 1971-1980, it moved northwards by 65 km in Hebei province and 40 km in Shanxi province, respectively. Compared with 1971-1980, northern limit during 1981-1990 changed a little, it moved slightly southwards near Tangshan in Hebei province and northwards near Yuncheng in Shanxi province. Compared with 1981-1990, the northern limit during 1991-2000 showed a significant change, especially in Shanxi province, it gradually became a smooth parabola from a sine curve. After that, it just moved northward slightly during 2001-2010, then compared with 2001-2010, it showed a trend of moving southward during 2011-2017. Under RCP4.5 scenario, the spatial distribution of probabilities of winter wheat planting during 2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100 in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and its surrounding areas were very similar, which decreased gradually from southeast to northwest, and the boundaries of interdecadal probabilities moved to northwest as time went on. The northern limit of winter wheat at 80% guarantee level mainly distributed in the area of Laoting-Tangshan- Beijing-Baoding-Shijiazhuang-Xingtai-Yushe-Linfen during 2011-2040. However, during 2041-2070, it moved to the area of Qinhuangdao in Hebei province and Jiexiu in Shanxi province. Besides, a non-planting zone about 13,600 km<sup>2</sup> appeared near Yushe in Shanxi province. Compared with 2041-2070, northern limit during 2071-2100 tended to be stable in Hebei province and moved to the north of Taiyuan in Shanxi province. Under RCP8.5 scenario, the spatial distribution of probabilities of winter wheat planting in the next three periods were quite different, which mainly reflected in the boundaries of interdecadal probabilities of winter wheat planting, it moved to northwest obviously and became a curve liked "S", while the northern limit of winter wheat at 80% guarantee level changed obviously. During 2011-2040, the northern limit of winter wheat was mainly distributed in the area of Qinhuangdao-Tangshan-Beijing- Baoding-Shijiazhuang-Linfen, then it moved northward to the area of Zunhua, Qinglong in Hebei province and Xingxian, Taiyuan in Shanxi province during 2041-2070, and the non-planting zone also appeared near Yushe in Shanxi province, however, the area reduced to 4 800 km<sup>2</sup>. During 2071-2100, the northern limit eventually arrived at the area of Chengde-Fengning-Zhangjiakou-Huailai-Baoding- Yuanping-Wuzhai-Hequ. In addition, compared with RCP8.5, the change trend of northern limit under RCP 4.5 scenario was smaller. It is an important measure to adjust the agricultural planting structure according to the influence of climate change. The study of the response of northern limit of winter wheat to climate change in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and predicting its trend in the future can not only make rational use of potential resources and effectively avoid nature disasters in this region, but also has an important scientific significance and practical value for China's food security.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Climate change
Controlled terms:Crops - Cultivation - Disaster prevention - Food supply - Probability distributions - Spatial distribution - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Accumulated temperatures - Climatic indicators - Huang-Huai-Hai Plain - Minimum temperatures - Northern limit - Spatial-temporal distribution - Statistical downscaling - Winter wheat
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 922.1 Probability Theory
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.36e+10m2, Area 4.80e+09m2, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 4.00e+04m, Size 6.50e+04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20193507366857
Title:Vibration characteristics of corn no-tillage finger-type precision planter and its effect on seeding performance
Title of translation:指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机振动特性及对排种性能的影响
Authors:Wang, Qi (1, 2); Zhu, Longtu (1, 2); Li, Mingwei (1, 2); Huang, Dongyan (1, 2); Jia, Honglei (1, 2); Zhuang, Jian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological and Argricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Huang, Dongyan(cchdy760829@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:9-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Conservation tillage is an important measure to promote the sustainable agriculture. No-tillage sowing in straw-covered fields is an advanced farming technology of conservation tillage system, which has been widely used in northeast China because of its many advantages, such as saving production cost, protecting soil and ecological environment. However, due to the long growth cycle of corn, the straw is stronger and harder to rot. During the harvest operation in autumn, corn stalks are usually crushed by combine harvesters and scattered on the ground, but the length of the stalks crushed is inconsistent and the distribution is uneven on the ground. During the sowing operations in spring, the crushed straws are not rotten in the field, the surface flatness is relatively poor, and the sowing operating environment is worse. No-tillage finger-type precision planter is widely used in straw mulching for seeding, the above problems results in the random vibration excitation of the no-tillage planter during the operation is significantly enhanced, which seriously affect its performance, such as affecting the working quality of planters, reducing the seeding yield and uniform plant distribution, and ultimately reduces crop yields. In this paper, in order to study the vibration characteristics of 2BMZ-2 corn no-tillage finger-type precision planter and the influence of vibration on the seeding performance of corn finger-type precision seed metering device, the vibration characteristics model of the planter was established and the steady-state vibration response was solved. The vibration characteristics of the planter worked in straw mulching were measured and analyzed by field test. Based on the above theoretical analysis and field test results, a test bench for vibration seeding was built, which was used to simulate the vibration environment of the field operation and to test the influence of mechanical vibration on the performance of the seed metering device. The three-dimensional space trajectory of the falling seed was measured and analyzed by the high-speed photography and target tracking technology. The results showed that the vibration characteristics of the planter were mainly determined by the working speed, the surface of field, the soil conditions and the structural characteristics of the seed metering device. The field experimental results showed that when the working speed was in the range of 5 to 9 km/h, the vibration frequency distribution of the seed metering device vibration energy was mainly concentrated in the low frequency range of 3 to 11 Hz; the greater the working speed was, the larger the vibration acceleration was, but the vibration frequency distribution of vibration energy was not affected. The bench comparative test results showed that the mechanical vibration had no significant effect on seed filling performance of the seed metering device, but had significant effect on seeding qualified rate, coefficient of variation of spacing in longitudinal direction and coefficient of variation of spacing in transverse direction. The multi-factor quadratic general rotation combined test results showed that rotational speed, vibration acceleration and vibration frequency were the main and secondary factors influencing the uniform stability of seed arrangement, reducing the vibration acceleration can improve working quality of the seed metering device more than reducing the vibration frequency. The single factor experiment showed that, in the range of vibration frequency of 3 to 11 Hz, vibration acceleration of 0.3g to 1.5g and rotational speed of 31.5 to 57 r /min, the increase of each test factor made the seed falling trajectory and the seed falling points more discrete, and increased the range of seeding. In addition, increase the rotational speed made the position of seed falling point gradually away from the initial position of seed. The results can provide guidance for the design of the vibration-damping system of the corn finger-type precision seed metering device and corn no-tillage finger-type precision planter.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Vibration analysis
Controlled terms:Acceleration - Cultivation - Experiments - High speed photography - Machinery - Mechanization - Models - Pneumatic materials handling equipment - Seed - Soil conservation - Space flight - Speed - Target tracking
Uncontrolled terms:Conservation tillage systems - Corn planting - No-till planters - Precision seed-metering devices - Seed metering devices - Steady-state vibration response - Structural characteristics - Vibrations
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery - 656.1 Space Flight - 742.1 Photography - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 3.00e+00Hz to 1.10e+01Hz, Mass 3.00e-04kg to 1.50e-03kg, Velocity 1.39e+00m/s to 2.50e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20193507366862
Title:Advances in denitrification bioreactor research and its potential applications in agricultural drainage water purification
Title of translation:除氮生物反应器净化农田排水的研究及应用潜力分析
Authors:Luo, Wan (1); Tang, Yangfan (1); Wu, Wang (1); Jia, Zhonghua (1); Zou, Jiarong (1); Hong, Jianquan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Resources, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:97-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Nitrogen loss with farmland drainage is a major cause for water quality degradation in aquatic environment. Denitrification bioreactors installed at field edges have been found effective in reducing nitrogen loss from agricultural fields; they have been widely investigated in recent years as an emerging technology to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Filled with carbon media, such as woodchip, rice husk and wheat straw etc., denitrification bioreactors may remove nitrate-nitrogen through denitrification process from drainage water, which was either partially or fully introduced into the device. This paper reviewed existing studies on the denitrification bioreactors that were designed to purify farmland drainage water; different factors that affect the denitrification processes were synthesized, and the potential application of such bioreactors in the humid regions of southern China was analyzed. The current research findings from both laboratory and field studies showed that denitrification bioreactors with variable sizes and designs can effectively improve drainage water quality; the reported annual NO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup>-N load reductions ranged from 23% to 98% in existing literature. Compared with other water treatment devices (e.g. wetlands) in agricultural landscape, denitrification bioreactors occupy only a small portion of land area but they exhibit high efficiency in reducing nitrogen load to receiving waters; they have been advocated as economical and effective water quality purification devices. The denitrification effect of bioreactors is closely related to the carbon media characteristics, drainage inflow and outflow conditions, and some environmental factors. Internal temperature control and carbon media selection are important factors for sustainable operation of field bioreactors. How to select carbon media to maintain their hydraulic conductivity and performance life in the bioreactors needs further study. Determining the appropriate drainage inflow and its hydraulic retention time based on the local drainage pattern is crucial for achieving certain nitrogen reduction goal. Nitrate reduction rate normally increases with the hydraulic retention time, but very high retention time is related to over reduction in the bioreactors. Installing a control structure at the inlet of bioreactor may help adjust hydraulic retention time of drainage water to prevent undesirable reaction processes. To size a bioreactor according to drainage system design remains a challenge due to variable weather, soil and cropping conditions; applicability of the existing methods proposed in different studies needs further examination. Field monitoring of bioreactor performances is needed to ensure proper system function; the advances of monitoring technologies may help provide better insights on internal processes in bioreactors. In the warm southern plain area of China, agricultural drainage processes are relatively concentrated in the summer growing season. Such environmental conditions are favorable for adopting denitrification bioreactors to treat drainage water discharge. Based on a regression analysis using reported data of nitrate reduction and the hydraulic retention time, the calculated land requirement for bioreactor installation in a case study area in southern China was only 0.117% of the drainage area to achieve 50% nitrogen reduction in drainage water. Findings from this research may help guide denitrification bioreactor research and their applications to reduce agricultural non-point source pollution from drainage water discharge.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Biological water treatment
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Bioconversion - Bioreactors - Carbon - Denitrification - Farms - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Pollution control - Purification - Regression analysis - Water pollution - Water pollution control - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural drainage - Agricultural drainage water - Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Environmental conditions - Hydraulic retention time - Laboratory and field studies - Monitoring technologies - Water quality degradation
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.17e-01%, Percentage 2.30e+01% to 9.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20193507366866
Title:Physical model test on hydraulic characteristics and fish passing performance of nature-like fishway
Title of translation:仿自然鱼道水力及过鱼性能物理模型试验
Authors:Li, Guangning (1); Sun, Shuangke (1); Guo, Ziqi (1, 2); Liu, Haitao (1); Zheng, Tiegang (1); Wang, Cen (1, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (3) Three Gorges University, Yichang; 443002, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Shuangke(sunsk@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:147-154
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The natural-like fishway has a similar flow pattern to the natural river, and it has more ecological functions comparing to the traditional technical fishways. It is more conducive to fish migration. However, it is difficult to deviate from the design concept of the traditional technical fishway in China. In order to obtain a fishway with comprehensive ecological functions, a type of vegetative fishway constructed by plant modules was presented, and its hydraulic characteristics and fish passing performance were studied by experiments. Before we conducted the experiment, we need to select a proper type of plants to construct the fishway. The biological characteristics and growth cycle of the target plants should match with the migration season of the target fish. Four major domestic fish (green, grass, silver carp, bighead carp) were selected as the target fish, and the fishway was designed based on their swimming ability and migration season. Generally speaking, the four major domestic fish have similar biological index: the body length ranges from 0.2 to 0.9 m, the induced flow velocity is generally 0.1 to 0.2 m/s, the sustained swimming speed is 0.8 to 1.3 m/s, and the burst swimming speed is more than 1.3 m/s. According to the current fishway design practice in China, the control section velocity of the fishway was controlled at 1.1 m/s. The migration season of the four major domestic fish is also comparatively consistent, from April to August. Upon comprehensive consideration, reed was selected to build the fishway. Reed is widely distributed in China and has strong vitality. Its biological characteristics and growth cycle can match the migration season of the target fish. The physical model test was designed to verify the water-blocking effect of the emergent plants in the channel, so as to form a proper flow structure. In the model, the reed plants were simplified firstly, and then the individual plants were arranged to form the plant module. In this paper, the reed was simplified to single stem, and the water-blocking effect of the plants was weakened to some extent because of the removal of leaves. The physical model was designed according to the gravity similarity, and the length scale was 1:5. Firstly, the prototype reed was scale down according to the length scale. Two schemes were carried out to the physical model. The plant with full arrangement schemes was used to test the water-blocking effect of a reed plant module with 156 plants/m<sup>2</sup> density. The staggered arrangement of plant modules was carried out for analyzing whether the flow structure can meet the requirements of fish from the view of hydraulics. The results showed that the reed plant module with 156 plants/m<sup>2</sup> density had good water blocking effect, and the plant module could decelerate the flow velocity effectively. The staggered arrangement of plant modules could form a meandering flow in the fishway. The flow pattern was rich and changeable, and the flow velocity was effectively controlled to less than 1.1 m/s, which can meet the needs of fish migration. Fish passing test were carried out to check out the feasibility of the designed nature-like fishway in this paper. The juvenile grass carp was selected as the test fish. Considering the size of the fish path and the velocity of flow, juvenile grass carp with body length of (10±2) cm was selected. The critical swimming speed of juvenile grass carp in this experiment was about 0.95 m/s and the penetrating swimming speed was about 1.17 m/s. We carried the fish passing test in two cases, with different water depth in the fishway, the fish performance in the designed fishway was recorded. The results showed that, the success passing rate was 90% in the first case, with an average passing time of 66 s, and 100% in the second case, with an average passing time of 67 s. Through the fish passing test, it was proved that the fish can pass smoothly in the fishway with staggered arrangement of plant modules, and the plant modules can provide rest areas in the downstream side for the migration fish. The good performance of the migration fish verifies staggered arrangement of plant modules was reasonable. This paper had positive reference value to the design and reconstruction of the existing natural-like fishway. The nature-like fishway constructed by reed in this paper enriches the fishway form, which can guide the design and construction of similar fishways in the future.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:43
Main heading:Fishways
Controlled terms:Buoyancy - Ecology - Fish - Fisheries - Flow patterns - Flow structure - Flow velocity - Plants (botany) - Rivers - Structural design - Testing - Velocity
Uncontrolled terms:Biological characteristic - Design and construction - Ecological functions - Experimental study - Hydraulic characteristic - Natural-like fishways - Plant - Staggered arrangement
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 2.00e-01m to 9.00e-01m, Time 6.60e+01s, Time 6.70e+01s, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s to 2.00e-01m/s, Velocity 1.10e+00m/s, Velocity 1.17e+00m/s, Velocity 1.30e+00m/s, Velocity 8.00e-01m/s to 1.30e+00m/s, Velocity 9.50e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20193507366819
Title:Design of small multi-functional electric crawler platform for greenhouse
Title of translation:温室用小型多功能电动履带式作业平台设计
Authors:Cui, Zhichao (1); Guan, Chunsong (1); Chen, Yongsheng (1); Gao, Qingsheng (1); Yang, Yating (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Guan, Chunsong(cs.guan@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:48-57
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, the tillage and seeding in the production of greenhouse fruits and vegetables have been mechanized. however, current mechanical devices are not suitable for mid-term management and transportation of viaduct cranberry fruits and vegetables. It means low efficiency and the need for more farmers, which restricts the development speed of the hole course mechanization of fruit and vegetable to produce seriously. Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low working efficiency in fruit and vegetable management, picking and transportation, pollution problems and so on, an electric lifting platform for greenhouse was designed based on studying and analyzing the collected data, which had the functions of walking, turning, lifting and hanging transportation. The electric lifting platform for greenhouse was mainly composed of the workbench, lifting device, chassis, battery pack and control system with dual operation mode and so on. The working principle was described, and the structure and parameters of key components were studied by theoretical calculation and simulation analysis. In particular, the control system with dual operation mode was designed to remote and online operation of the job platform, which was programmed by C language based on STC 15W4KS4 series single chip computer. In the end, the research about turning performance, slope driving and climbing performance and endurance time of the platform by the bench and field tests were carried out in the lab respectively. The test results showed that the minimum turning radius was 0.94 m, the maximum speed was 2 km/h, and the endurance time could reach to 4 h under 200 kg load. Driving on a slope, the forces analysis of platform from the slope in 3 conditions were carried out, it showed that the climbing angle was unchanged, the stability of the platform under different conditions was related to the platform weight, the loaded weight, the contact length, the lifting height, the center distance between the left and right caterpillar, and the width of caterpillar, etc. The maximum tipping angle was 30.5°, 25.6°, and 20.6° when the platform was lengthwise, crosswise and oblique to the slope respectively. The maximum tipping angle was closely related to the center of gravity of the platform. And it was gradually decreases when the height increase of workbench and loads increase. It was also closely related to the position of state platform and slope. The safety factor was the highest when the platform was lengthwise to the slope, which was better than that crosswise and oblique to the slope. When the power was above 60%, the maximum speed would always be maintained; when the remaining power was below 60%, the maximum speed would gradually decrease with the decrease of the power; when the remaining power was 40%, the endurance time was already 3.5 h; when the power was less than 40%, the power of the battery would decline rapidly; when the remaining power was 10%, the driving speed was only 0.5 km/h and the total endurance time was 3.9 h. So we could deduce that when the power was exhausted, the total duration was enough to reach 4 h. In order to evaluate the driving stability of the field slope, the cornering performance, the ground transportation performance and the lifting performance of the work table, the field experiments were carried out in Changshu, Shandong province. The results showed that all the parameters met the design expectation and the agronomic requirements of greenhouse structure. It provides a reference for fruit and vegetable management, picking and transportation in greenhouse.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Slope stability
Controlled terms:Battery Pack - C (programming language) - Computer control systems - Design - Efficiency - Fruits - Greenhouses - Machinery - Mechanization - Remote control - Safety factor - Speed - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Electric - Fruit and vegetables - Fruits and vegetables - Greenhouse structure - Lifting platform - Single chip computers - Theoretical calculations - Total endurance time
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 601 Mechanical Design - 723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages - 731.1 Control Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Mass 2.00e+02kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 9.40e-01m, Time 1.40e+04s, Time 1.44e+04s, Velocity 1.39e-01m/s, Velocity 5.56e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20193507366859
Title:Flow properties of vermicompost particle with different moisture contents
Title of translation:不同含水率蚯蚓粪颗粒物料流动性研究
Authors:Lin, Jiacong (1, 2); Luo, Shuai (1, 2); Yuan, Qiaoxia (1, 2); Cao, Hongliang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Qiaoxia(qxyuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:221-227
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The earthworm processing of waste is recognized as a very sustainable approach for management of organic wastes. The vermicompost resulted from this procession has been proved to be practical and useful in farming, substrate nursery, gas absorbent etc. However, this technology has been widely adopted to treat different organic waste material. Most of scientific investigation in vermicompost concentrates on its nutrient characteristics and microorganism rather than physical properties. The flow ability is key factor for the mechanized operation of vermicomposting. The basic parameters like rolling friction coefficient and surface energy are needed for the equipment design, material calculation, and vermicompost product manufacture. The moisture content of vermicompost can reach 40%-50% under natural condition, even with high moisture content, the vermicompost can still keep the granular condition. Flow parameters, such as friction coefficient, cannot simply test though the normal physical method. In order to provide the quantized flow parameters of vermicompost for mechanization, in this study, vermicompost transformed from pure cow dung by the worm procession was used. The experiments were undertaken in condition of different moisture contents, changing from 25%-65%. The friction coefficient and surface energy were investigated by the method of pile angle simulation and calibration using discrete element method (DEM). First, Plackett-Burman (PB) design was conducted to select the impacted physical frictional parameter factors that have significant influence on pile angle. Then, the steep climbing test was conducted to shorten the parameter ranges from the maximum range of PB design. According to the result of steep climbing test, the response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to build the model which can reflect the relationship between pile angle and friction coefficients. Besides, for explaining the flow ability of vermicompost in further, the direct shearing test was applied to calculate the internal frictional angle of vermicompost with different moisture contents. The results of experiment indicated that three key factors vermicompost-vermicompost rolling friction coefficient, vermicompost-steel rolling friction coefficient and Johnson Kendall Roberts surface bonding energy (JKR surface energy), significantly affected the pile angle (P<0.05). With the rising of moisture content from 25% to 65%, the vermicompost-vermicompost rolling friction coefficient dropped from 0.135 to 0.110, the vermicompost-steel rolling friction coefficient dropped from 0.116 to 0.102. From the result, the surface energy was the most impact factor in three factors, which changed from 0.179 to 0.345 J/m<sup>2</sup>. The few rise of moisture content can improve the flow ability of vermicompost significantly under low moisture content condition. When the moisture content was over 50%, the surface energy and the cohesion force were increased, which would restrict the flow movement of vermicompost to some extent. The study is expected to provide numerical parameter reference for the practical application and development of mechanization.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Piles
Controlled terms:Adsorbents - Bonding - Fertilizers - Finite difference method - Friction - Interfacial energy - Machinery - Manures - Mechanization - Moisture - Moisture determination - Product design - Waste management - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Bonding property - Different moisture contents - Flow ability - Friction coefficients - Internal frictional angles - Response surface methodology - Scientific investigation - Vermicomposts
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.50e+01% to 6.50e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20193507366879
Title:Parameter optimization of isoquercetin extracting from mulberry leaves by hydrothermal method
Title of translation:水热法提取桑叶中异槲皮苷工艺参数优化
Authors:Wang, Xingmin (1, 2); Wang, Lu (1); Li, Xin (2); Zhan, Li (1); Tang, Fujie (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China; (2) Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing, Storage and Transportation of Characterized Agro-Products, Chongqing; 400067, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:308-314
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Isoquercitrin is a class of alcohol-soluble natural products from mulberry leaves that widely presents in the nature belongs to flavonoids. As a natural colorant, antioxidant and functional food ingredient, it widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of the biological activity of lowering blood pressure, reducing blood fat, antioxidant and antiviral. But extracting isoquercetrin from mulberry leaves is difficult because of tissue structures in the plants which composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. However, hydrothermal reaction with high temperature and high pressure is beneficial to the transformation and decomposition of plant tissues. To reduce the mass transfer resistance of the active ingredients dissolved from plant tissue, method of hydrothermal-assisted alcohol was therefore proposed to increase the extraction rate of isoquercitrin from mulberry leaves simultaneously. Depending on a single-factor experiment, the appropriate ranges of extraction parameters were decided, such as hydrothermal time, hydrothermal temperature, ethanol content, and the solid-liquid ratio. A detailed discussion was made on various affecting factors like hydrothermal time, hydrothermal temperature, ethanol content and the solid-liquid ratio with the Box-Behnken design. After this, the diffused model was built to study the process of isoquercitrin leaching in solid-liquid mass transfer. And surface functional group of the raw material before and after reaction was characterized by FTIR. The results of single-factor experiment showed that the ranges of the hydrothermal time were 40-80 min, the hydrothermal temperature was 120-160℃, the content of ethanol was 50% - 70% and the solid-liquid ratio was 1:5-1:7, respectively. While the optimum parameters were based on results of optimization through response surfaces. That's mean that ethanol and mulberry leaves weight ratio was 7:1, ethanol content was 57%, after 80 min of hydrothermal-assisted alcoholic extraction under 154℃, the concentration of isoquercetin could finally reach 3.649 1 mg/g with 5.0 g mulberry leaves. It was 51 times as much as alcohol extracting which the concentration only reached 0.071 0 mg/g. The values calculated by the model agreed well with the parallel experiments results, and the maximum error between test value and the predicted value was less than 1.3%. Furthermore, the order of all the factors that affected the extraction rate of isoquercitrin was as follows: hydrothermal time > hydrothermal temperature > ethanol content > solid-liquid ratio, and all the quadratic response surface regression models had a good accuracy and predictive ability (R<sup>2</sup>=0.958 2, R<inf>Adj</inf><sup>2</sup>=0.916 3, P<0.000 1). Using Webber-Morris dynamics model to explore the mass transfer process of isoquercitrin leaching, three processes of boundary diffusion, internal diffusion and infiltrated stage in the diffused process of isoquercitrin in hydrothermal system were obtained, respectively, indicating that the diffusion of isoquercitrin was complicated, and internal diffusion was the main control step process, but not the only speed control step. The boundary layer had a certain influence on the diffusion, and the effect of the liquid boundary layer increased with increasing concentrations of isoquercitrin. The order of C (thickness of the boundary layer) value was C<inf>I</inf><C<inf>II</inf><C<inf>III</inf>, which was consistent with the conclusion of particle diffusion in solution. Through FTIR analysis of leaf samples in the suitable conditions, the effect of activated condition on surface functional group was determined. FTIR analysis showed that hydrothermal-assisted alcoholic significantly accelerated the cleavage of C-O, O-H and C-H in mulberry leaves, and the hydrochar was composed of aromatics and polymeric products, which revealed that aromatization processes took place during hydrothermal treatment. The results of our research could provide a novel method for the effective realization of comprehensive utilization of mulberry leaves.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Extraction
Controlled terms:Agricultural products - Antioxidants - Bioactivity - Blood - Blood pressure - Boundary layers - Cellulose - Diffusion - Ethanol - High temperature operations - Leaching - Liquids - Models - Plants (botany) - Process control - Raw materials - Regression analysis - Surface properties - Tissue
Uncontrolled terms:Cellulose and hemicellulose - Comprehensive utilizations - High temperature and high pressure - Hydrothermal reaction - Isoquercetin - Mass transfer resistances - Solid-liquid mass transfer - Surface functional groups
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.00e-03kg, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 5.70e+01%, Time 2.40e+03s to 4.80e+03s, Time 4.80e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20193507366788
Title:Vertical stress distribution rules in compacted topsoil under tire with chevron tread pattern
Title of translation:人字形花纹轮胎压实土壤垂直应力分布规律研究
Authors:Jiang, Chunxia (1, 3); Lu, Zhixiong (1); Upadhyaya, Shrini K. (2); Chen, Feng (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China; (2) University of California at Davis, Davis; CA; 95616, United States; (3) College of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang; 233100, China
Corresponding author:Lu, Zhixiong(luzx@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:80-87
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Stress distribution is produced due to the tire in the compacted topsoil under the chevron tread pattern tire, and it is one of the important considerations of soil-tire interaction research. It influences trafficability, ride performance, and traction performance of the tractor. In view of the serious compaction under the tractor which led to the bad trafficability, a vertical stress sensor test system was used to measure the vertical stress under 3 tire loads, 3 tire inflation pressures, 3 driving speeds, and determine the influence of these 3 parameters on the vertical stress in the topsoil. The vertical stress sensor test system was mainly made up of a group of piezoelectric type pressure sensors, a group of amplifiers, data acquisition card, power, and computer. Then, based on the multiple linear regression, a prediction equation was developed between the vertical stress, and tire load, tire inflation pressure, driving speed, the lateral and longitudinal distance from the tire centerline to the sensor. In the end, the influence of tire load, tire inflation pressure, driving speed and the lateral and longitudinal distance on vertical stress was analyzed in detail based on the prediction equation we developed, and this analysis result was contribute to understanding of compaction processes. All the experiments were conducted in a single tire soil-bin testbed which was self-designed and constructed, and all the sensors were installed 50 mm under the soil surface. 18 stress sensors were used under every condition. 6 stress sensors mounted at 3 positions across the lugs and undertread was made up for one group, and it was used to determine the vertical stress across the lanteral of the tire. 3 group stress sensors mounted at 3 positions across the driving direction of the tire which used to determine the vertical stress across the longitudinal of the tire. The main results indicated that: 1) When tire inflation pressure was 69 kPa, the soil-tire interface vertical stress curve became smooth and the peak value of vertical stress moved to a quarter to edge of the tire gradually, whereas, when the tire inflation pressure was 138 and 207 kPa, the peak stress value occurred in the center of the tire; 2) The maximum error coefficient between the predicted vertical stress value and actual vertical stress value was 10.59% while the mean error coefficient was 5.87% which showed the prediction equation we developed had certain predictive ability under our experiment condition, and the prediction equation indicated that tire load influenced vertical stress significantly, and followed by tire inflation pressure, driving speed, lateral distance, and longitudinal distance; 3) For the single factor, the vertical stress in the topsoil varied as a quadratic function of the tire load, longitudinal distance, and lateral distance, and it varied as a linear function of tire inflation pressure, and driving speed; 4) The value of vertical stress under the lug was 1.2-2.3 times larger than the value under the tread, and the farther from the tire centerline, the greater the influence of the lug. This research may provide the analysis theoretical basis for tractor trafficability, and decreases the soil compaction by adjusting the value of the influence factors.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Tires
Controlled terms:Automobile testing - Compaction - Data acquisition - Forecasting - Linear regression - Soil mechanics - Soils - Speed - Stress concentration - Stress measurement - Tractors (agricultural) - Tractors (truck) - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Driving speed - Prediction equations - Tire inflation - Tire load - Vertical stress
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles - 663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 818.5 Rubber Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+00%, Pressure 1.38e+05Pa, Pressure 2.07e+05Pa, Pressure 6.90e+04Pa, Size 5.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20193507366831
Title:Photosynthetic bacteria enhancing anaerobic biological treatment effect of high concentrated yeast wastewater
Title of translation:光合细菌强化高浓度酵母废水厌氧生物处理效果研究
Authors:Li, Youming (1); Xue, Yuhui (1); Ge, Guangde (1); Hu, Yongmei (2); Hou, Yi (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou; 510640, China; (2) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Metallurgical Products Quality Inspection Station, Nanning; 530023, China
Corresponding author:Hou, Yi(ceyhou@scut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:214-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yeast industry provides enormous economic and social benefits for the sugarcane biomass industry. However, yeast industrial wastewater is characterized by high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (CODcr), high chromaticity, high concentration of sulfate and difficult biodegradation, which leads to many issues of the environment. The treatment process of wastewater has the problem that discharge water is difficult to reach the standard and its cost is too high, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of domestic yeast enterprises. Biotechnology is currently widely used, but the results are still not up to standard. Therefore, biological treatment should be supplemented by other methods for in-depth treatment. In this paper, yeast wastewater was treated by adding photosynthetic bacteria to strengthen anaerobic sludge. The ultrafiltration membrane was used to filter the separated dialysate wastewater as the test object. A small UASB anaerobic reactor was designed. The initial MLSS (mixed liquid sludge concentration) value of the inoculated sludge in the reactor was 4 820 mg/L, and the reactor temperature was kept at 32℃. The hydraulic retention time was 48 h, and the influent pH value was controlled between 6.8 and 7.0. At the start-up stage of the anaerobic reactor, glucose, ammonium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were used as C, N and P source, respectively, and an appropriate amount of trace elements were added to prepare a nutrient solution with a ratio of 300:5:1 of C:N:P. Yeast wastewater and nutrient solution were mixed and configured into water samples with mass concentration gradient of 3 000-3 500, 7 000-7 500, 10 000-10 500 and 14 000-15 000 mg/L, respectively. The water samples were added to the reactor in a gradient form from low concentration to high concentration, and the batch test was carried out until the organic concentration of wastewater reached the concentration of raw water. After the treatment effect of the reactor was stabilized, the photosynthetic bacteria were added to the domesticated anaerobic sludge, and the concentration of the bacterial suspension was 1.2×10<sup>10</sup> mL<sup>-1</sup> as determined by the Meish turbidimetry method, and the addition amount was 1 mL/L, the inflow was 900-1 000 mL with HRT of 48 h, and the continuous illumination by fluorescent lamp was used. After the reactor was stabilized, the water quality was tested and analyzed after continuous operation for 9 cycles. The CODcr and chromaticity changes of wastewater during anaerobic treatment,the OTU distribution of microorganisms during the addition of photosynthetic bacteria, the species of anaerobic sludge bacteria and sludge, and the changes in the number of archaeological clustering results were investigated. The results showed that the COD<inf>Cr</inf> and chroma removal rates of yeast wastewater treated by anaerobic UASB reactor were significantly increased from 58.20% to 75.12% and 47.50% to 62.04%, respectively, which indicated that the effect of photosynthetic bacteria on the anaerobic biological treatment process has significantly increased. From the analysis of microbial diversity data, it was found that in the process of anaerobic sludge domestication and photosynthetic bacteria optimization, the dominant species was accumulated, the specificity was enhanced, and the number of species was reduced. Photosynthetic bacteria and other heterotrophic bacteria have a symbiotic relationship, and after the addition of the sludge, the dominant microorganisms of methane increased significantly, so as to improve the treatment effect of the anaerobic system. The results of this study provide a technical route for the effective treatment of high-concentration industrial organic wastewater.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Bacteria
Controlled terms:Biochemical engineering - Biodegradation - Biological water treatment - Chemical oxygen demand - Clustering algorithms - Industrial water treatment - Nutrients - Potassium compounds - Sulfur compounds - Suspensions (fluids) - Trace elements - Wastewater - Wastewater disposal - Wastewater treatment - Water filtration - Water quality - Yeast
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic biological treatments - Anaerobic treatments - Economic and social benefits - Hydraulic retention time - Microbial diversity - Photosynthetic bacterias - Potassium dihydrogen phosphate - Ultra-filtration membranes
Classification code:445 Water Treatment - 452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.8 Biotechnology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 805.1.1 Biochemical Engineering - 822.3 Food Products - 903.1 Information Sources and Analysis
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.40e+01kg/m3 to 1.50e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 4.82e+00kg/m3, Percentage 4.75e+01% to 6.20e+01%, Percentage 5.82e+01% to 7.51e+01%, Time 1.73e+05s, Volume 9.00e-04m3 to 1.00e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20193507366794
Title:Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in Niyang River, Tibet
Title of translation:西藏尼洋河水体重金属分布特征及风险评价
Authors:Lü, Linli (1); Li, Zhaoxia (1); Huang, Yi (1); Cui, Chongyu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi; 860000, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:193-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heavy metals are important factors affecting water safety, because they have strong biological toxicity and biological chain enrichment effect, and can enter water through mining, chemical industry, pesticide fertilizer, atmospheric deposition and soil erosion. The Niyang River is located in the southeast of Tibet Autonomous Region and on the left bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, it is the second largest tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River. The basin spans the subtropical, plateau temperate, plateau subtropical and plateau frigid climatic zones, and basically contains the typical characteristics of the rivers in Tibet. The Niyang River Basin is mainly distributed in the whole area of Gongbu Jiangda County and some towns in Bayi district, and its upper and middle reaches is rich in mineral resources. The study set up 10 stations along the Niyang River trunk stream at altitude of 2 910-4 677 m. Water samples were detected in wet season, normal season and dry season and the sampling period was from 2016 to 2017. The spatial-temporal characteristics, correlation and migration mechanisms of Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd and Fe in the Niyang River were studied, and the heavy metal pollution risk were evaluated. The results showed that the content of heavy metals at the source of Niyang River was low, and there was a sudden change in the middle and upper reaches, because the area was close to the rich mining area. Zn and Cu content in the whole river reach did not exceed Class II water quality standards in the whole year. Fe and Mn exceeded the standard of drinking water at the altitude of 3 500-4 500 m. Cd content changed most dramatically in time and space. Fe, Mn and Cd were sensitive factors affecting the water quality. The contents of Zn, Cu and Mn in Niyang River during the normal season were higher than those during the dry and wet season. Cd content of Bayi urban reach was the maximum in the whole year, and that during the normal season were higher than those during the wet and dry-season at an altitude of over 3 500 m. Fe content was lowest in wet season, that above 4 000 m in dry season were higher than that in normal season; At lower than 4 000 m, that of the normal season were higher than that in dry season. The contents of Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe in the normal and dry season were mainly affected by natural processes. Cd content in dry season was mainly affected by human activities. The heavy metals content in wet season should be mainly affected by human activities and hydrological and meteorological activities. The reservoir had a certain effect on the content of heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution was relatively light in river source and middle or lower reaches, but the comprehensive heavy metal pollution index in upper and Bayi City reaches was maximum. As the Niyang River is the second largest tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, and it has general climate, underlying surface and hydrological characteristics of the Tibetan River, so the research results had some general significance.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:River pollution
Controlled terms:Accident prevention - Cadmium - Chemical industry - Copper - Drought - Heavy metals - Iron - Manganese - Manganese removal (water treatment) - Meteorological problems - Mineral resources - Pollution - Potable water - Reservoirs (water) - Risk assessment - Rivers - Tropics - Water quality
Uncontrolled terms:Atmospheric depositions - Distribution characteristics - Hydrological characteristics - Middle and lower reaches of the yarlung zangbo rivers - Spatial-temporal characteristics - Tibet - Tibet autonomous region - Water quality standard
Classification code:441.2 Reservoirs - 443 Meteorology - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 445.2 Water Analysis - 453 Water Pollution - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 543.2 Manganese and Alloys - 544.1 Copper - 545.1 Iron - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 805 Chemical Engineering, General - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Size 2.91e+03m to 4.68e+03m, Size 3.50e+03m, Size 3.50e+03m to 4.50e+03m, Size 4.00e+03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20193507366806
Title:Design of straw distributed retention device of wheat planter under full rice straw retention
Title of translation:全量稻秸还田小麦播种机秸秆分流还田装置设计
Authors:Xu, Hongbo (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Wu, Feng (1); Gu, Fengwei (1); Chen, Youqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Zhichao(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:19-28
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The rice-wheat cropping system is the main grain production model in many areas of China, especially in Jiangsu with the area of about 1.8×10<sup>6</sup> hm<sup>2</sup>. In other provinces of China along the Yangtze River valley, such as Sichuan, Anhui and Hubei, there are large areas of such cropping system. However, the rice straw processing before wheat planting has caused some problems in these places. As straw burning is forbidden by the government, straw incorporated to field is an available alternative method to process the rice straw. Traditionally, rice straw should be smashed and buried before wheat planting, which requires time and energy. Also, burying rice straw in soil will influence the growing of wheat if the seed stay on the straw. Furthermore, the soil nutrient will be consumed during straw decomposing. The clean area planting technology under full straw cropland, invented by Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, can complete seeding and straw mulching in the same time, which is a good method to deal with the straw processing problem. However, as the quantity of rice straw is relatively larger than any other straw, the excess rice straw mulching will impact the emergence of wheat, which is likely to cause low yield. To solve the problem, in this paper, we provided the rice straw processing model of part burying and part mulching based on the clean area planting technology under full straw cropland. Then, different straw distributed retention devices with different structures, including flat board with horizontal upward opening, oblique board with horizontal downward opening, flat board with several longitudinal openings and curved board with several longitudinal openings, were designed and introduced respectively. After the tests of these distributed retention devices under different parameters, the structure of curved board with several longitudinal openings was selected as the best one. On the basis of structural development, the central composite test method was used to optimize the key parameters of straw distributed retention device. The gross width of longitudinal opening, quantity of longitudinal opening and revolving speed of picking and smashing device were taken as the influencing factors. The variable coefficient of uniformity and deviation rate of distribution were taken as response values in the experimental study. Orthogonal rotational quadratic combination test with three factors and three levels was made to evaluate the combined influence of the factors on the test index value. Furthermore, regression equations to describe the relationships between the factors and each assessment index were established by using the regression analysis and response surface analysis with the software Design-Expert 8.0.6. The optimum combination of the selected parameters was obtained and verified, and the experimental verification of the mathematical model was also conducted. The results showed that trial factors had great effects on the performance of straw distributed retention device. The significant effects of quantity of longitudinal opening, gross width of longitudinal opening and revolving speed of picking and smashing device on reducing the variable coefficient of uniformity were in a decreasing order. The significant effects of gross width of longitudinal opening, quantity of longitudinal opening and revolving speed of picking and smashing device on reducing the deviation rate of distribution were in a decreasing order. The best parameters of the integrated straw distributed retention were as follows: when the gross width of longitudinal opening was 600mm, the quantity of longitudinal opening was 7 and the revolving speed of picking and smashing device was 1900r/min, the variable coefficient of uniformity and deviation rate of distribution were 18.75% and 0 respectively. The model validation tests were repeated for 3 times on the simulation field by using the optimization results, the values of practical variable coefficient of uniformity and deviation rate of distribution were 19.68% and 0 respectively. The percentage points of absolute error between the experimental and predicted values of variable coefficient of uniformity and deviation rate of distribution were 0.93 percentage point and 0.33 percentage point respectively, which indicated a reasonable choice of optimization conditions. The research results can provide references of technology and equipment for wheat planting after the harvest of rice in rice-wheat cropping system area in China.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Seed
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Design - Machine design - Optimization - Regression analysis - Software design - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural mechanization - Distribution devices - Experimental verification - Response surface analysis - Response surface methodology - Rice straws - Rice-wheat cropping systems - Technology and equipments
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 723.1 Computer Programming - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.88e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.90e+03RPM, Size 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20193507366832
Title:Power generation and organic degradation performance of microbial fuel cell with biogas slurry
Title of translation:沼液微生物燃料电池的产电及有机物降解特性研究
Authors:Wang, Fang (1); Zhang, Deli (1); Chen, Mei (1); Yi, Weiming (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Weiming(yiweiming@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:206-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:A dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) with biogas slurry from corn stover as anode substrate was studied in this paper to make the biogas slurry decrement, harmlessness and further utilization. The MFCs were constructed by a plexiglass vessel with each volume of 500 mL using carbon felt as anode materials. The deep river sewage was fed as inoculum accounted for 35% in initial cycle of the experiment. The power generation, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of MFCs with different concentrations of biogas slurry were compared to investigate the effects of MFCs on degradation of biogas slurry and its energy recovery efficiency. The results showed the MFCs could start normally and remained a stable power generation using the biogas slurry as anode substrate. The maximum power density of the MFCs was 203.4 mW/m<sup>2</sup> when the initial COD of biogas slurry was (3 618.6±55.6) mg/L. The other 3 maximum power density of diluted tests were 60.8, 36.6, 3.2 mW/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The maximum power density was decreased by linear with the COD concentration decreasing in biogas slurry, and the result of linear fitting was y = 0.0620x - 29.2348, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9567. With the decrease of substrate concentration, the internal resistance of MFCs was increased from 261 to 1 882 Ω, because the dilution of deionized water led to the decrease of conductivity of anode solution. Another reason was the microbial activity influenced by substrate concentration of anode. The higher substrate concentration could promote the enhancement of microbial electron transfer ability and increase the output power of MFC. The removal rate of COD was gradually decreased from 63% to 45% with the decrease of anode substrate concentration. The CE of the MFCs was 3.9%-7.6%, which were lower than other substrates, such as sugar and brewage waste water. The microbial community and diversity of biogas slurry, deep river sewage, anode carbon felt and anode solution samples were analyzed by Illumina Miseq sequencing. The microbial community analysis indicated the microbial community of the MFCs with biogas slurry from corn stover as anode substrate had a rational construction. In the anode of the MFC, the hydrolyzed bacteria mainly from biogas slurry could break down macromolecule to small molecules organics, mainly including Clostridia, Flavobacteria and Bacteroidia. Meanwhile, the anode biofilm could enrich the electroactive bacteria in the inoculation, and decompose the small molecules organics to generate electricity. The mutualism of two kinds of microorganisms could avoid high concentration inhibition in the MFC. In the anode carbon felt, 5% Pseudomonas was detected, which belongs to Gammaproteobacteria from deep river sewage. The Pseudomonas could generate a chemical intermediary that could transfer electrons to the electrode. For the MFCs with biogas slurry from straw as the anode substrate, the Pseudomonas could be artificially inoculated and enriched, to shorten the start-up time of the MFCs and improve the electrical production efficiency. The study showed that MFCs could effectively degrade organics in the biogas slurry from corn stover and generate electricity, which provides a new approach for utilization of biogas slurry.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Microbial fuel cells
Controlled terms:Anodes - Bacteria - Biogas - Carbon - Chemical oxygen demand - Degradation - Deionized water - Electric power generation - Felt - Felts - Molecules - Power generation - Rivers - Sewage - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - Energy recovery efficiency - Microbial communities - Microbial community analysis - Organics - Production efficiency - Rational construction - Substrate concentrations
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 452.1 Sewage - 461.8 Biotechnology - 522 Gas Fuels - 714.1 Electron Tubes - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 811.1.2 Papermaking Equipment - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Resistance 2.61e+02Ohms to 1.88e+03Ohms, Percentage 3.50e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+00% to 7.60e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.30e+01% to 4.50e+01%, Surface_Power_Density 2.03e-01W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 3.20e-03W/m2, Volume 5.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20193507366784
Title:Prediction model for inhibitory effect of essential oils on Clostridium perfringens in cooked chicken breast
Title of translation:精油对熟制鸡胸肉中产气荚膜梭菌抑制效果预测模型研究
Authors:Li, Miaoyun (1); Zhang, Jiaye (1); Zhu, Yaodi (1); Wang, Xiaohui (1); Zhao, Gaiming (1); Liu, Yanxia (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:315-320
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Roasted chicken is an important commercial products widely distributed in China, and is consumed by many consumers. The products, prepared with different spices and other ingredients and different cooking methods, can be contaminated with C.perfringens. In order to better inhibit the growth/survival of C.perfringens in food and improve the scientific application of essential oils, in this paper, we studied the effects of various essential oils from spices on the growth of C.perfringens in cooked chicken breast were investigated. The Oxford cup method and two-fold dilution method were used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cinnamon, black pepper, ginger, fennel and wormwood essential oils on C.perfringens. The essential oils of cinnamon, artemisia and fennel with good bacteriostatic activity were screened out and their inhibitory concentrations against (ATCC13124,C1) were obtained for construction of growth/residual kinetic model of C.perfringens in cooked chicken breast by BP neural network. In order to improve the accuracy of network training, data of including essential oil concentration, the number of strains and the types of essential oils were used as input parameters prior for training; the corresponding surviving counts of C.perfringens (C1 and ATCC13124) in cooked chicken breast were used as the target parameter. After the trained samples were normalized, he trainlm function was used in the network learning parameter, the maximum training times were 5 000, the training step was 0.1, the expected error was 1×10<sup>-7</sup> and a feedforward and backpropagation BP-ANN model was constructed. By comparing the correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSE) values from the models.The prediction model accuracy and the accuracy index (A<inf>f</inf>) and bias factor (B<inf>f</inf>) of the inactivated growth curve of C.perfringens in cooked chicken breast meat with different essential oil concentrations were determined. The results showed that: As the concentration of essential oil increased, the growth/residual amount of C.perfringens gradually decreased. Among them, cinnamon oil had the lowest inhibitory concentration on ATCC13124 and C1, and the effect was the strongest. The calculated values of the B<inf>f</inf> for the BP-ANN model were close to 1 indicating no systematic bias. The prediction accuracy of the BP-ANN model was greater than 0.917 and the degree of fitting was high. For strain ATCC13124, the prediction model worked best for wormwood essential oil, with R<sup>2</sup>, RMSE, A<inf>f</inf> and B<inf>f</inf> of 0.992, 0.197 CFU/g, 1.015 and 1.000, respectively. In the case of the isolated strain C1, the prediction model performed best for cinnamon essential oil, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.976, RMSE value of 0.271 CFU/g, A<inf>f</inf> and B<inf>f</inf> of 1.022 and 1.000, respectively. The robustness of the model was verified by the verification set. The results showed that R<sup>2</sup> is above 0.917, and the RMSE was between 0.200-0.640 CFU/g. The predicted value and the measured value were better. In summary, the BP-ANN model can be used to rapidly obtain the optimal inhibitory concentration for different essential oils and quantitatively predict the survival of C.perfringens. This work can be used to assess the food safety hazards of C.perfringens in cooked chicken breast and provides a theoretical basis for the control of C.perfringens during meat processing.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Essential oils
Controlled terms:Animals - Backpropagation - Bacteria - Clostridium - Food safety - Forecasting - Mean square error - Meats - Models - Neural networks - Strain
Uncontrolled terms:Clostridium perfringens - Commercial products - Cooked chickens - Correlation coefficient - Inhibitory concentration - Minimum inhibitory concentration - Root-mean-square error of predictions - Scientific applications
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 723.4 Artificial Intelligence - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20193507366808
Title:Simulation and experiment on mechanical characteristics of kneading and crushing process of corn straw
Title of translation:玉米秸秆揉丝破碎过程力学特性仿真与试验
Authors:Zhang, Fengwei (1); Song, Xuefeng (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Xuekun (1); Zhang, Fangyuan (1); Wei, Wancheng (1); Dai, Fei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730000, China
Corresponding author:Dai, Fei(daifei@gsau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:58-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a large agricultural country, China has abundant straw resources, and the annual output of corn stalks is 3 billion tons. Corn straw could be used as silage after mechanized processing, it could effectively alleviate the current shortage problem of animal feed. At present, the research on kneading and crushing of corn straw mainly focused on physical experiment, but less on numerical simulation. Therefore, the lack of effective numerical simulation method in the crushing process of corn straw and the improvement efficiency for the structure of processing equipment is reduced to some extent. Based on the above background, in this paper, a discrete element model for bimodal distribution of corn straw was established based on discrete element method, which was originally applied to the field of geotechnical mechanics. This process included setting particle size, filling geometric model, obtaining particle group coordinate information and so on. All of the numerical simulations were carried out in EDEM 2018 version, and users were allowed to customize the settings. Then the parameters calibration for the bonded particle contact model of corn straw was carried out that combined with physical experiment and virtual experiment. The mechanical parameters were obtained through compressing and shearing experiments of corn stalk samples. This parameter could provide basis for theoretical calculation of bonded particle model parameters of corn stalks. The mechanical properties of bonded particle model were determined by 5 parameters: normal stiffness coefficient, tangential stiffness coefficient, normal critical stress, shear critical stress and bonded radius which could be obtained through theoretical formula calculation. In the virtual experiment, the corn stalk model was subjected to axial compression experiment and radial shear experiment, respectively. The final BPM (bonded particle model) parameters were determined by the phenomenological simulation method which was compared physical experiment and virtual experiment. Finally, the discrete element model of corn straw was simulated and verified by physical experiment. This process involved the kneading and crushing simulation of corn straw model, classifying the types of materials and weighing the mass of materials, and using API plug-in to realize particle replacement and adding bonded particle model in the simulation process. After the simulation was completed, the change of bonded number and the shape classification of broken materials were analyzed. The whole research results showed that the maximum critical loads were 2,260 N and 110 N, respectively when the straw was compressed and sheared at a loading rate of 5 mm/min; After calibrating the parameters of bonded particle model, it was found that the normal stiffness coefficient, tangential stiffness coefficient, critical normal stress, critical tangential stress and bonded radius were 9.60×10<sup>6</sup> N/m, 6.80×10<sup>6</sup> N/m, 8.72 MPa, 7.5 MPa and 2 mm, respectively. At this time, the mechanical properties of the discrete element model were close to the harvested corn straw that had a moisture content of 87.8%. After the simulation, material could be divided into four types: short type, standard type, long type and incomplete crushing type. At the same time, the simulation mass of 4 materials were 5.2, 5.8, 8.2 and 8 g, respectively. After the physical experiment, the mass of different types of materials were respectively 4.8, 5.3, 7.6 and 9.1 g. The deviation of the mass for different materials were 8.3%, 9.4%, 7.8% and 7.7%, respectively. The mass deviation for different types of materials between the physical experiment and virtual experiment was kept within 10%. This research could not only prove that it was feasible to establish corn straw model by discrete element method and simulate the kneading and crushing process, but also provide guidance for kneading other straws.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Stiffness
Controlled terms:Computer simulation - Crushing - Finite difference method - Machinery - Mechanization - Models - Numerical methods - Numerical models - Particle size - Stress analysis - Virtual reality
Uncontrolled terms:Axial compression experiments - Critical tangential stress - Discrete element modeling - Mechanical characteristics - Numerical simulation method - Phenomenological simulation - Theoretical calculations - Theoretical formula calculation
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921 Mathematics - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 7.50e+06Pa, Pressure 8.72e+06Pa, Size 2.00e-03m, Force 1.10e+02N, Force 2.26e+03N, Mass 7.60e-03kg, Mass 8.00e-03kg, Mass 8.20e-03kg, Mass 9.10e-03kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 7.70e+00%, Percentage 7.80e+00%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Percentage 8.78e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20193507366811
Title:Spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in mountainous areas of ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province under background of precise poverty alleviation
Title of translation:精准扶贫背景下云南少数民族山区农村居民点空间格局演变
Authors:Zhang, Tianzhu (1, 2); Zhang, Fengrong (1, 2); Xie, Zhen (1, 2); Huang, Jingwen (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Fengrong(frzhang@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:246-254
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:At present, there are still a large number of poverty-stricken counties in the western part of China. Although the government has recently increased financial support for rural areas, and the policy guidelines have been steadily tilting toward rural areas, especially poor rural areas, rural poverty is still difficult to resolve. In order to reasonably determine the optimal layout direction of rural settlements in poor mountainous areas, and put forward some scientific guidance in the rural land remediation and new rural construction in mountainous areas, this paper took Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, a former national poverty-stricken county that was out of poverty in 2018, as a research area, and used the methods of remote sensing interpretation, GIS analysis, landscape shape index model, buffer analysis, Kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* to study the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in Xundian County from 2001 to 2017 in terms of space, scale and form. The research results showed that: 1) During 2001-2017, there were some changes in the scale, density, shape and spatial distribution of rural settlements in Xundian County. The main changes were as follows: from 2001 to 2017, the overall scale of rural settlements had expanded significantly, the landscape shape tended to be regular, and the average patch size increased; the characteristics of rural settlements clustering in areas with superior terrain were becoming more and more obvious. The analysis results of kernel density and Getis-Ord Gi* showed that the spatial divergence characteristics of rural settlements patch scales were apparent, and the distribution patterns were gradually expanding from small-scale decentralization to large-scale clustering; 2) The natural geographical factors such as geological and topographical conditions were the basic factors that influencing the distribution pattern of rural settlements in mountainous areas. The basic pattern of spatial distribution of rural settlements in mountainous areas is the result of long-term adaptation to topographic and geomorphological conditions; 3) Socio-economic factors, location factors and policy factors were the important factors influencing the change of spatial distribution. As the urban-rural income gap increased, the rural population of Xundian County flew to urban areas, so rural settlements were more concentrated in urban areas; the results of the neighborhood analysis of towns and roads also indicated that rural settlements tended to be concentrated in the distribution of towns and roads. In addition, the precise poverty alleviation policy with relocation as the main means was another major factor leading to the concentration of rural settlements in the plain areas with superior terrain conditions. According to the study, for mountainous rural areas with scarce natural resources, the poverty alleviation in mountainous areas should rely mainly on industrial assistance rather than policy assistance in the future. The local government should focus on increasing the employment opportunities of farmers and improving the livelihood conditions of farmers. Only in this way can we really help the poor and achieve the rural revitalization. This study can provide a practical guidance for the poverty alleviation work in the rural areas of the southwestern frontiers with frequent geological disasters; also provide a scientific theoretical basis for the optimization of the spatial layout of rural settlements.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Geology - Land use - Optimization - Remediation - Remote sensing - Spatial distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Employment opportunities - Evolution - Evolution characteristics - Kernel Density Estimation - Out of poverty - Remote sensing interpretation - Rural settlement - Rural settlements clustering
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20193507366886
Title:Evaluation method of pesticide droplet drift based on laser imaging
Title of translation:基于激光成像技术的农药雾滴飘移评价方法研究
Authors:Wang, Zhichong (1); He, Xiongkui (1); Li, Tian (1); Huang, Mingyi (1); Zhang, Yongping (1); Xu, Lin (2); Deng, Xijun (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Anyang; 455001, China
Corresponding author:He, Xiongkui(xiongkui@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:73-79
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Spray drift, which may result in a waste of pesticides and environmental risks, has been viewed as a concern in the use of pesticides. The indoor test of spray drift is mainly measured by the wind tunnel which possess a more stable and controllable wind speed. Recently, the laser is widely used in a range of fields owing to its perfect light stability and the Tyndall phenomenon is remarkable in dispersed particles. Therefore, this paper develops a new method for measuring the drift of pesticide spray in wind tunnels. According to the international standard ISO22856, 11 kinds of additives such as silicone and vegetable oil were measured in the wind tunnel using LU120-01 nozzle from Lechler, Germany. Each additive adjuvant liquid was sprayed for 5 s, repeated 3 times. The collectors were Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lines and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cards. The PTFE lines were placed at a distance of 2 m from the nozzle in the downwind direction and were 5-85 cm in height (interval 10 cm). The collected droplet particles were analyzed by LS-55 fluorescence analyzer. At the same time, laser imaging technology was used to continuously image during the spraying process. The exposure time is 1/8 s, the ISO is 100 and the aperture is f/1.8. The shutter was controlled by Bluetooth Controller. Combined with computer image rapid batch processing, RGB three-color layer was filtered by MATLAB 2017a, and R-layer minus G-layer image was calculated. The maximum value of gray level and the image feature parameters such as position, barycentric coordinates, and the average value in the horizontal and vertical directions of the image were extracted. The drift rate, feature height and drift potential index (DIX) of the spray drift were calculated from the actual measurement results. The calculated result was fitting with the measured result. The fitting results showed that the maximum value and position of maximum in the x and y axis, the center of gravity coordinates, and the mean value were significantly correlated (Sig. F<0.05) with the drift rate, drift feature height, and DIX. The correlation coefficient was greater than 0.91, the maximum absolute value relative error was only 5.9%. The fitting results of vertical feature height and horizontal feature distance were the best, the average relative error was 0, the absolute relative error was 0.6% and 1.5% (vertical and horizontal direction), followed by DIX index (the absolute relative error of the vertical and horizontal direction were 4.8% and 3.2%) and drift rate (the absolute relative error of the vertical and horizontal direction were 5.9% and 5.3%). It showed that this method could be used to evaluate the drift of droplets accurately. The test speed was faster than the traditional measurement method, and one picture only cost less 1 s for calculation. The test repeatability was high, the DIX index had a comprehensive accuracy of 96%. The test was no needed consumables, which greatly reduced the costing of spray drift testing. The measurement of spray drift in wind tunnels based on laser imaging is an evaluation method that can give one more choice for spraying drift testing.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Spray nozzles
Controlled terms:Additives - Batch data processing - Chlorine compounds - Drops - Errors - Imaging techniques - Nozzles - Pesticides - Petroleum additives - Polyvinyl chlorides - Silicones - Spraying - Wind - Wind tunnels
Uncontrolled terms:Barycentric coordinates - Correlation coefficient - Fast measurement - International standards - Laser imaging - Laser imaging technology - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 651.2 Wind Tunnels - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 746 Imaging Techniques - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 3.20e+00%, Percentage 4.80e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Percentage 6.00e-01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 5.00e-02m to 8.50e-01m, Time 1.00e+00s, Time 5.00e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20193507366812
Title:Development characteristics and volume estimation of ephemeral gully groove for different land use slopes undergoing "7•26" torrential rain
Title of translation:"7•26"暴雨下不同土地利用坡面浅沟沟槽发育特征及体积估算
Authors:Yang, Bo (1, 4); Wang, Wenlong (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Chuangjuan (1); Guo, Mingming (1); Kang, Hongliang (1); Wang, Wenxin (1); Chen, Zhuoxin (1); Zhao, Man (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F Universtiy, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration of Mining Area in Northern Shaanxi Province, Yulin University, Yulin; 719000, China; (4) Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou; 450003, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wenlong(nwafu_wwl@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:121-128
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To clarify the morphological development characteristics of the ephemeral gully groove of different land use types under the "7•26" torrential rain on the Loess Plateau, and we took Chabagou watershed as the study area, which was a typical and representative region suffering from this extreme rain. The field investigation method was applied to study the morphological characteristics and erosion volume estimation of the ephemeral gully groove of three land uses (fallow land, farmland and abandoned land). A total of twelve typical small catchments in Chabagou watershed were selected to investigate the development characteristics of ephemeral gullies. The length of the ephemeral gully groove was measured with a laser rangefinder and a 50 m length tape. According to the length of the ephemeral gully, the cross-section was determined to measure the width of the top, the width of the bottom and the depth of the shallow trench with the steel tape, and the gradient of the slope was measured with the slope meter. The cross-section parameters (i.e. width and depth) of the ephemeral gully groove of all measured cross-sections were averaged as the values of the width and depth of each ephemeral gully groove, and the erosion volume of the ephemeral gully groove was the sum of the volume of all measuring sections. The results showed that: 1) the concentrated distribution range of width, depth and cross-section area of ephemeral gully in fallow land, farmland and abandoned land were 30-70 cm, 20-60 cm and 0.05-0.25 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. On average, the width of ephemeral gully groove of fallow land, farmland and abandoned land were 46.46, 47.41 and 43.11 cm, respectively; the depths were 47.11 cm, 36.06 cm and 41.47 cm, respectively; the sectional areas were 0.23, 0.17 and 0.19 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. Furthermore, the ephemeral gully groove depth and sectional area of fallow land were significantly higher than those of farmland (P<0.05). 2) The up-section of ephemeral gully groove of fallow land and farmland had the largest width-depth ratio, followed by down-section and middle-section, while for the abandoned land, the width-depth ratio followed the order of down-section > up-section > middle-section. The width-depth ratio for these three land types were all more than 1, which implied that the lateral erosion rate of the ephemeral gully groove was higher than the vertical incision rate. The ANOVA showed that the average width-depth ratio of the farmland was significantly higher than those of the fallow land and the abandoned land (P<0.05).3) The average erosion volumes of ephemeral gully of fallow land, farmland and abandoned land were 5.9, 3.26 and 4.5 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively, and the erosion volumes of fallow land and abandoned land are significantly higher than that of farmland (P<0.05). 4) The erosion volume of the ephemeral gully groove for the three land use types could be estimated utilizing the linear function, power function and exponential function of the ephemeral gully length. The results can provide scientific references for the prevention and control of ephemeral gully groove erosion under extreme rainstorm events.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Landforms
Controlled terms:Catchments - Erosion - Exponential functions - Farms - Land use - Rain - Range finders - Sediments - Storms - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Development characteristics - Different land use types - Ephemeral gullies - Loess Plateau - Morphological characteristic - Morphological development - Prevention and controls - Scientific references
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 943.1 Mechanical Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.70e-01m2, Area 1.90e-01m2, Area 5.00e-02m2 to 2.50e-01m2, Size 2.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 7.00e-01m, Size 3.61e-01m, Size 4.15e-01m, Size 4.31e-01m, Size 4.71e-01m, Size 4.74e-01m, Size 5.00e+01m, Volume 3.26e+00m3, Volume 4.50e+00m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20193507366883
Title:Effect of premixing ratio and start of injection on RCCI combustion and emission characteristics fueled with iso-butanol/diesel
Title of translation:预混比和喷油定时对异丁醇/柴油RCCI燃烧与排放特性的影响
Authors:Han, Weiqiang (1, 2, 3); Lu, Yao (1, 2); Huang, Zeyuan (1, 2); Liu, Xingwen (1, 2); Zhang, Peng (3); Pan, Suozhu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fluid and Power Machinery, Ministry of Education, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Automotive Measurement, Control and Safety, Xihua University, Chengdu; 610039, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy, Chang'an University, Xi'an; 710061, China
Corresponding author:Pan, Suozhu(suozhup@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:88-96
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Reactivity control compression ignition (RCCI) has been shown to be effective in reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle matter (PM). A significant feature of RCCI is the ability to control the combustion process by creating reactivity stratification in the cylinder, which could reduce emissions. Since iso-butanol has a higher octane number, it can enhance the gradient of reactivity stratification, which will facilitate the control of combustion. The effect of iso-butanol on engine combustion and emission characteristics was investigated on a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine under RCCI combustion mode. In this study, iso-butanol (low reactivity fuel) was provided through the port injection (PI), and the diesel (high reactivity fuel) was injected directly into the cylinder. In the test, the combustion and emission characteristics of RCCI fueled with iso-butanol and diesel were investigated with different fuel supply strategies by changing the premixing ratio (R<inf>p</inf>) of iso-butanol and the start of injection (SOI) of diesel under low engine load. Four different premix ratios were selected, including 30%, 40%, 50% and 60%, and five different SOIs were designed, including -8°, -12°, -18°, -24° and -30°crank angle after top dead center (°CA ATDC). In this study, the engine was operated at a constant speed of 1 500 r/min, maintaining the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and the total cycle energy at 0.3 MPa and 1 280 J, respectively. The results showed that, with the advancement of SOI, the ignition delay (ID) was prolonged and the maximum heat release rate (HRR<inf>m</inf>) was increased first and then decreased. In terms of emission characteristics, with the advancement of SOI, the emission level of THC and CO decreased, and NOx emission increased first and then decreased. As SOI was further advanced to -30 °CA ATDC, it can be seen that the emission of CO increased when R<inf>p</inf> was 30% or 40%. While the emission of PM at R<inf>p</inf> from 30% to 50% showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing, when R<inf>p</inf> was 60%, it only showed a decreasing trend. In addition, the R<inf>p</inf> of iso-butanol also had a large effect on RCCI combustion and emission characteristics. As the R<inf>p</inf> increased, both the ID and CD (combustion duration) increased, while the HRR<inf>m</inf> decreased. In terms of emission characteristics, THC and CO increased and NOx decreased with the increase of R<inf>p</inf>. When R<inf>p</inf> was 30%, the total PM mass achieved the highest level under the four different R<inf>p</inf>, and when R<inf>p</inf> was 60%, it had a lower level of the total PM mass than that when R<inf>p</inf> was 40% or 50% and SOI was -30 °CA ATDC. The size distribution of PM showed that the quantity of nuclear particle matter (PM<inf>N</inf>) was dominant, of which the diameter size was in the range of 3-30 nm. However, the proportion of PM<inf>N</inf> was very small for the total PM mass. In the mass concentration, the PM mass was dominated by the accumulated particle matter (PM<inf>A</inf>), of which the diameter size was in the range of 30-500 nm. The increase in the R<inf>p</inf> reduced the whole PM quantity, but with the SOI advanced, the PM<inf>N</inf> quantity increased first and then decreased, while the PM<inf>A</inf> quantity decreased first and then increased, except when R<inf>p</inf> was 60%. When R<inf>p</inf> was 60%, PM<inf>A</inf> quantity only showed a decreasing trend with the advancement of SOI. The R<inf>p</inf> had a complex effect on the mass distribution of PM. The most interesting part was that, when R<inf>p</inf> was 60%, the total PM mass was higher than that when R<inf>p</inf> was 40% or 50% at SOIs near the top dead center. The reason was that, when R<inf>p</inf> was 60%, the peak value of PM<inf>A</inf> quantity was lower than that when R<inf>p</inf> was 40% or 50% in the range of 30-500nm, whereas in the range 100-200 nm, more PM<inf>A</inf> quantity was exhibited, which lead to higher total PM mass. In addition, as the SOI advanced, the mass of PM generally showed a decreasing trend.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:40
Main heading:Combustion
Controlled terms:Diesel engines - Direct injection - Emission control - Fuels - Nitrogen oxides
Uncontrolled terms:Brake mean effective pressures - Emission characteristics - Maximum heat release rate - Particle matter - Premixing - RCCI - Start of injections - Turbocharged diesel engine
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research - 612.2 Diesel Engines - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Energy 1.28e+03J, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+05Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.50e+03RPM, Size 1.00e-07m to 2.00e-07m, Size 3.00e-08m to 5.00e-07m, Size 3.00e-09m to 3.00e-08m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20193507366807
Title:Design of monitoring system of ill-dead pig harmless treatment based on internet of things in mountainous area
Title of translation:基于物联网的病死猪无害化处理山区运输监控系统设计
Authors:Shen, Yin (1); Gao, Xu (1); Li, Guanglin (1); Xie, Jufang (1); Lu, Changhua (2); Hu, Yinong (2); Yin, Yanxin (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture cultural Science, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guanglin(liguanglin@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:165-174
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Currently, most harmless disposal refrigerated vehicles use the global positioning system (GPS) to determine the position of disinfection stations and the transport routes of pigs died of diseases. However, the single navigation and positioning information might be unstable when the vehicle was running in remote mountainous area, the information transfer was not continuous, incomplete and untrue. In order to solve this issue, a monitoring system was designed based on radio frequency identification technology (RFID), Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) and global positioning system (GPS). This paper makes full use of the BDS/GPS dual-mode receiver, which supports positioning and two-way communication functions. On the one hand, it can solve the problem of positioning information instability that occurs when using a single positioning. On the other hand, when the BDS navigation positioning system data appeared to show a deviation, The GPS positioning data from the WGS-84 coordinate system was converted to the CGCS2000 coordinate system of the BDS positioning system, to achieve the purpose of improving the acquisition accuracy of the transport vehicles location information. GAMIT software was used to calculate the 3D coordinates of the observation point, and it was analyzed for the positioning accuracy of combined navigation and single navigation. Floyd algorithm was combined to optimize transportation routes to search for the shortest transportation distance. The harmless transportation vehicles walking map could be drawn from the positioning information of the BDS/GPS dual-mode receiver. The message communication function of BDS satellite was used instead of GSM short message service to realize remote transmission between harmless transportation vehicles and control center. When pigs died of diseases are transported to fixed-point disinfection station, RFID reader will read the vehicle-mounted RFID active electronic tags to recognize the transport vehicles and the GPRS network will transmit the fixed-point disinfection monitoring data to the monitoring center. Monitoring center uses the ArcGIS map display to carry out the real-time monitoring of vehicle transport routes, and uses text to speech to realize the intelligent deployment and management of transport vehicles. Meanwhile, monitoring center obtains the transport routes of pigs died of diseases and the fixed-point disinfection monitoring information by analyzing the received data. After field test, the positioning accuracy of BDS/GPS dual mode receiver was 55.13% higher than that of BDS satellite positioning, and 52.71% higher than that of GPS satellite positioning. The networks packet losses value of vehicle terminal acquisition system was 0.26%, and the error rate of vehicle identification of the disinfection point was 0.97%. The results showed that the monitoring system met the requirements of the monitoring and management system in mountainous areas, and it ran reliable and stable. The study provides an effective method for a transport vehicle for the harmless treatment of dead pigs, accomplishes the comprehensive supervision and management of transport vehicles for the harmless treatment of dead pigs. This system can also be adopted as a reference to harmless disposal systems for other pigs that die of diseases, it has practical value.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Monitoring
Controlled terms:Design - Disinfection - Global positioning system - Internet of things - Mammals - Radio frequency identification (RFID) - Radio navigation - Satellites - Tracking (position) - Transportation routes - Vehicle to vehicle communications - Vehicle transmissions
Uncontrolled terms:Beidou navigation satellite systems - Beidou satellites - Floyd algorithm - Harmless treatments - Monitoring and management systems - Navigation and positioning - Radio frequency identification technology - Transport routes
Classification code:602.2 Mechanical Transmissions - 655.2 Satellites - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.60e-01%, Percentage 5.27e+01%, Percentage 5.51e+01%, Percentage 9.70e-01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20193507366789
Title:Farmland quality classification based on productive ratio coefficient modified by crop nutrition equivalent unit
Title of translation:基于作物营养当量修正产量比系数法的农用地质量分等
Authors:Li, Junying (1, 2); Wu, Kening (1, 2); Song, Wen (3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (3) College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an; 271018, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Kening(wukening@cugb.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:238-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Farmland classification and gradation is to scientifically quantify the quantity, quality and distribution of farmland through quantitative indicators, and to comprehensively assess and classify the quality of farmland. It is an effective measure to realize the balance of cultivated land occupation and compensation and to ensure the dynamic balance of total cultivated land. The core of farmland classification is the nationally comparable index calculating and hierarchical system establishing. Productive ratio coefficient is the important parameter that directly affects the results of farmland classification and national comparability in the process of calculating grading index. The function of productive ratio coefficient is to convert grain into standard grain to achieve national comparability. However, the basis of determining the productive ratio coefficient in different regions is different, and the grading results cannot reach the national comparability. Nutrition equivalent unit, calculated by the mean of nutrient density in food, can reflect the overall condition of the nutrients contained in the food. It is an evaluation index to measure the total content of different nutrients in food according to the types and contents of nutrients in food, and to evaluate the comprehensive nutrients supply ability of food needed by the body. By comparing the nutrition equivalent unit of different foods, we can make a comprehensive evaluation and judgment on the nutritional value of different foods. Considering that though base crops and designated crops are different in different regions, they can be uniformly and comparable at the level of nutrients required by crops to supply energy and nutrients to human body. Based on this, 20 nutrient indices, such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, mineral and vitamin, and nine crops regulated by standard tillage system were selected to construct a nutrient equivalent correction method. Productive ratio coefficient was revised by calculating the "nutrition equivalent unit" of different crops to improve the national comparability of farmland classification results. Taking land consolidation project area in Quzhou county of Hebei Province with wheat as the base crop in northern China and Dingshu town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province, with rice as the base crop in southern China as examples to carry out research, the productive ratio coefficient was calculated by the nutrient equivalent correction method and the max yield ratio method, and in this paper, we compared the differences of farmland nature grade obtained by two methods. The results showed that the natural quality index range of Quzhou County's land consolidation project area increased from 2 060-2 896 to 2 516-3 580, and the nature grade increased from 11-15 to 13-18. The natural quality index range of Dingshu town decreased from 2 460-2 918 to 2 033-2 393, and the nature grade decreased from 13-15 to 11-12. The natural grade difference of farmland between two research areas expanded. By revising the existing productive ratio coefficient and establishing a more standardized grading system, this paper provides a scientific basis for ascertaining the quality of resources and for the balance of cultivated land in different places. It is an important way and means for deepening both the quantity of farmland resources and the quality of the management.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Farms
Controlled terms:Crops - Electromagnetic wave attenuation - Grading - Grain (agricultural product) - Hierarchical systems - Land use - Nutrients - Nutrition - Quality assurance
Uncontrolled terms:Classification results - Comprehensive evaluation - Effective measures - Farmland qualities - Land consolidations - Productive ratio coefficient - Quality indices - Quantitative indicators
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 461.7 Health Care - 711 Electromagnetic Waves - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 961 Systems Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20193507366852
Title:Pollution and source identification of heavy metals in surrounding soils of Eastern Junggar Coalfield based on PMF model
Title of translation:基于PMF模型的准东煤矿周围土壤重金属污染及来源解析
Authors:Imin, Bilal (1, 2); Abliz, Abdugheni (1, 2); Shi, Qingdong (1, 2); Liu, Suhong (3); Kasim, Nijat (1, 2); Li, Hao (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China
Corresponding author:Shi, Qingdong(shiqingdong@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:185-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soils around coal mining areas are severely polluted by heavy metals, due to the impact of frequent and sustained mining activities. In fragile arid ecosystems, anthropogenic activities easily lead to ecological degradation, and the restoration is difficult once it is polluted, so accurate and quantitative assessment of soil heavy metal contents is crucial to evaluate the ecological risks caused by the contaminants in coal-oriented industrial area. In this study, a typical arid mining area, the Eastern Junggar Basin of Xinjiang was selected as the research area. To examine the soil heavy metal pollution characteristics, the contents of heavy metals of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As were measured from 47 surface soil samples (0-20 cm) around the coal mining region. The basic statistical analysis, geo-accumulation index (I<inf>geo</inf>), potential ecological risk assessment (PER) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) were used to identify the statistical characteristics, pollution degree and possible sources of soil heavy metals in surrounding soils of the Eastern Junggar Coalfield. The results showed that: 1) Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As content in study area exceeded their background values of Xinjiang soils by 2.1%, 14.9%, 4.3%, 68.1%, 68.1%, 95.8%, respectively. However, the average value of As exceeded the both national standard I and II, that was 2.1 and 1.3 times of national standard I and II values, respectively; 2) The geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index of Hg showed strong pollution (I<inf>geo</inf>>3-4) and extremely high risk level (I<inf>geo</inf>>4-5), while Zn, Cu and Pb were in a state of no pollution or slight risk level. The comprehensive ecological risk index (RI) of the study area ranged from 50.09 to 1038.47with the mean value of 180.22, 21% and 11% of soil samples indicated high (RI>300-600) and strong risk levels (RI≥600), respectively. 3) The results of PMF model explained that Hg content was mainly related to coal combustion; the accumulation of Pb (53%), Zn (24%) and Cu (19%) originated from vehicle emissions. As, Pb and Hg in soils were derived from the atmospheric deposition. Industrial discharge was the possible source of Cr and As. The accumulation of Zn and Cu was mainly attributed to natural factors. The contribution rates of five possible sources (coal combustion, vehicle emissions, atmospheric deposition, industrial discharge and natural factors) were 20.79%, 16.83%, 16.83%, 27.72% and 17.82%, respectively. The results of this research revealed that positive matrix factorization model applied in this study effectively reflected the possible sources of heavy metal contamination in soils in a quantitative way, and suggested that potential ecological risks may be reduced by controlling emissions and waste materials during mining and other industrial activities.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:49
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Air pollution - Atmospheric chemistry - Coal - Coal combustion - Coal deposits - Coal mines - Copper - Deposition - Ecosystems - Factorization - Heavy metals - Industrial emissions - Industrial research - Matrix algebra - Meteorological problems - Pollution - Risk assessment - Soil surveys - Soils - Waste disposal - Waste incineration - Zinc
Uncontrolled terms:Ecological risks - Heavy metal contamination - Mining areas - Pmf models - Pollution sources - Positive matrix factorization models - Potential ecological risk - Statistical characteristics
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451 Air Pollution - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 503 Mines and Mining, Coal - 503.1 Coal Mines - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 544.1 Copper - 546.3 Zinc and Alloys - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 901.3 Engineering Research - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention - 921 Mathematics - 921.1 Algebra
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.49e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 2.08e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+00%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.77e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+00%, Percentage 5.30e+01%, Percentage 6.81e+01%, Percentage 9.58e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20193507366779
Title:Establishment of land degradation assessment system in arid region based on remote sensing spectrum
Title of translation:基于遥感光谱的干旱区土地退化评价体系构建
Authors:Zhang, Ping (1); Sun, Qiangqiang (1); Sun, Danfeng (1); Sun, Minxuan (1); Liu, Haotian (1); You, Shucheng (2); Liu, Aixia (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Land Satellite Remote Sensing Application Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Danfeng(sundf@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:228-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Land degradation (desertification) in arid region, as one of the global ecological challenges, is crucial to food security, environmental quality and regional natural resource management. Fortunately, the development of remote sensing technology greatly improves the ability of land degradation information extraction and assessment, which can effectively reveal conditions of land degradation in arid region and provide the scientific basis for land degradation trend prediction and formulating the corresponding preventing measures. In fact, the essence of land degradation is the decrease of ecological service following the change of type, quantity, structure and function of land use/cover which emerges from interactions of the coupled human-environment (H-E) factors at multiple spatio-temporal scales, leading the difficulty of classification and assessment. This prompts an attempt to reduce the complexity of the assessment by identifying a limited suite number of processes and variables which makes the problem tractable at particular scale like the interaction process of soil and vegetation, the core of the degradation. Based the standard spectral endmember space of GF-1 satellite, this paper innovatively established three levels evaluation system of land degradation state in arid areas, including land use/cover structure, degradation type and degradation degree. Secondly, we realized dryland multi-temporary linear spectral mixture analysis. The remote sensing images of GF-1/WFV endmember fractions time series were applied to characterize the quality attributes of the underlying surface and organize the classification knowledge, and then to complete the fine land cover/use classification of Minqin county in 2015. Based on land use/cover mapping in arid region, the time series EMs including vegetation (GV), sand land (SL), saline land (SA), dark surface (DA) were combined to obtain and express the variables reflecting the ecosystem function, and then, were organized with decision tree (DT) for degradation state mapping. Finally, the results of land degradation state were assessed using photos of the site landscape and the measured data of the sampling sites. The results showed that: 1) The MESMA method could decompose four stable EMs types, which were consistent with the physical components of the surface cover in study area. The model could effectively simulate the spectral information of study area. More importantly, it solved the problem that the bands number of GF-1 WFV was few and the information mining was insufficient. And which provides a basis for establishing knowledge for decision tree classification and assessment. 2) The time series EMs in standard spectral endmember space could perfectly highlight the temporal interaction characteristics details between vegetation types and habitat and the ability of remote sensing to identify land degradation types and degree, with corresponding accuracy of 87.5% and 78.7%, respectively. 3) For Minqin, a typical dryland system, the sandification process and the sand-salinization process were the dominant land degradation processes. Light sandification and moderate sandification were the dominant degradation degrees. Through the relative evaluation results of land degradation types and degree, it helps divide the key control areas, ecological conservation areas and the use of decompression areas. The research result contributes to the sustainable development of regional management and control of ecological fragile areas, land space development and ecological environment protection. General remote-sensing technical framework for land degradation assessment was confirmed that it have the potential to be applied to the study of land degradation assessment in arid regions across time and regions.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Weathering
Controlled terms:Arid regions - Decision trees - Ecosystems - Environmental management - Food supply - Function evaluation - Land use - Mapping - Remote sensing - Research and development management - Space optics - Spectrum analysis - Sustainable development - Time series - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Decision tree classification - Ecological conservation areas - Ecological environment protections - Endmembers - GF-1 WFV - Land degradation - Land use/cover - Linear spectral mixture analysis
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405.3 Surveying - 443 Meteorology - 444 Water Resources - 454 Environmental Engineering - 656.1 Space Flight - 822.3 Food Products - 901.3 Engineering Research - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.87e+01%, Percentage 8.75e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20193507366872
Title:Influence of sectional area ratio of throat to nozzle on transportation capacity and fish injury in jet fish pumps
Title of translation:喉管与喷嘴截面积比对射流式鱼泵输送性能及鱼损的影响
Authors:Xu, Maosen (1); Long, Xinping (2); Mou, Jiegang (1); Zheng, Shuihua (1); Zhou, Peijian (1); Ren, Yun (3); Wu, Denghao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou; 310023, China; (2) Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterjet Theory and New Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (3) Zhijiang College, Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing; 312030, China
Corresponding author:Long, Xinping(xplong@whu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:285-290
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Fish have been an important human food source for a long time. In recent years, the development of high tech fisheries such as large-scale deep-water cages has led to a dramatic increase in the global supply from capture fisheries. However, traditional methods of fish transport by heavy lifting in a fish container are energy-intensive and result in great fish loss. Fish pumps have been developed as an efficient substitute for aquaculture to transfer the fish using less energy intensive systems and fewer losses that preserve the fish freshness. According to the operating principle, fish pumps can be classified as impeller fish pumps, pressure/vacuum fish pumps, and jet fish pumps. The impeller fish pumps have a special design to adapt to fish transport and the high-speed rotating impeller provides high transport capacity of fish but results in high fish mortality and injury rates. The water-ring vacuum-pump drives utilize vacuum and high-pressure regions which treat the fish more gently but lower capacities because of the discontinuous operations during suction and discharge stage. In the jet fish pump, the primary flow goes into a suction chamber via an annular nozzle and then creates a suction force on the secondary flow carrying the fish. The fish-water mixture then flows through the nozzle, throat and diffuser and is finally pumped out. Among these fish pumps, jet fish pump has the highest comprehensive properties giving consideration to transport capacity and mortality rate. Typical jet fish pump is composed by a suction duct, a primary duct, an annular nozzle, a suction chamber, a throat and a diffuser. The area ratio is the ratio of the throat sectional area to the annular nozzle sectional area and is a key parameter in a jet fish pump. In present paper, jet fish pumps with different area ratios (1.75 and 3) were designed and a series of experiment were conducted to study the transportation performance of jet fish pumps and relative injuries of Carassius auratus. The experiment results showed that the jet fish pump with smaller area ratio had a higher transportation capacity in the same secondary flow rate operation condition. The difference of transportation capacity caused by area ratio increased as the rise of secondary flow rate and the maximum transportation capacity difference reached 748 kg/h in the experiment. Moreover, the jet fish pump with smaller area ratio had lower energy consumption per unit mass in the same secondary flow rate operation condition. The difference of energy consumption per unit mass caused by area ratio increased as the rise of secondary flow rate and the maximum transportation capacity difference reached 1.31 kW∙h/t. In the experiment, the external injuries of fish were classified as mild and severe injuries, and the main type external injury was mild injury. The severe injury rates caused by jet fish pumps with different area ratios showed no significant difference. Yet, the fish transported by the jet fish pump with smaller area ratio had a higher mild injury rate. The organs and serum of Carassius auratus were also checked. The transportation process of jet fish pumps affected the liver of fish and this influence was more significant when fish were transported by the jet fish pump with a bigger area ratio. The kidney of fish was also influenced but it could recover in 24 h after the transportation of jet fish pumps. Considering the transportation capacity and fish injury rates, the jet fish pump with smaller area ratio was more suitable for fish transportation. Consequently, the main contribution of our work is to demonstrate the influence of jet fish pump area ratio on the transportation performance and fish injuries caused. More importantly, the present paper provides guidelines for optimizing jet fish pumps considering transportation performance of jet fish pumps and injuries of fish.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Fish
Controlled terms:Annular ducts - Aquaculture - Energy utilization - Experiments - Fisheries - Flow rate - Impellers - Mass transportation - Nozzles - Population statistics - Pumps - Secondary flow
Uncontrolled terms:Carassius auratus - Comprehensive properties - Discontinuous operation - High pressure regions - Injury - Sectional areas - Transportation capacity - Transportation process
Classification code:525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 618.2 Pumps - 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines - 631 Fluid Flow - 631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Flow_Rate 2.08e-01kg/s, Time 8.64e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20193507366846
Title:Mechanical properties and optimization of process parameters for loss reduction during removing lotus core by drilling
Title of translation:莲仁钻削去心过程力学特性及减损工艺参数优化
Authors:Ma, Qiucheng (1); Deng, Feilong (1); Lei, Lintao (1); Ma, Jie (2); Liu, Kun (1); Liu, Luxiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan; 411105, China; (2) Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster; LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:291-300
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Removal of lotus core is one of the important processes in lotus kernel processing. Mechanical removal of lotus core is to use rotating drill to break up and break out lotus core along the axial direction of lotus kernel. The so-called crumbling of lotus kernel refers to the phenomenon of spalling and crushing of lotus kernel. In order to minimize the processing losses and reduce the processing costs of lotus kernel in the process of drilling lotus core, and find out the influence law of the related process parameters on the crumbling of lotus kernel during the process of drilling core, in this paper, the mechanical analysis, simulation, test and process parameter optimization on the process of drilling lotus core were carried out. 1) The stress state of lotus kernel during core removal was analyzed, including the overall stress analysis of lotus kernel and the drilling force analysis. And the mechanical model of lotus kernel in drilling was established. The main factors affecting the crumbling of lotus kernel during core removal were analyzed, such as the clamping force of press roller, the drill diameter, the drill speed, the feeding rate of drill and the water content of lotus kernel. 2) Based on the related physical parameters of lotus kernel in other literatures, the DEFORM 3D finite element method was used to simulate the core removal process. Through the corresponding post-processing of the simulation results, the variation curve of axial drilling force with time and strain contours of lotus kernel under different process parameters were obtained. By analyzing curves and strain contours,the influence law of each process parameter about the crumbling of lotus kernel was obtained. And we found out the most vulnerable place to peel off in the process of core removal. 3) The drilling force was tested by Kistler dynamometer in the process of core removal. The actual axial force-time curve in the drilling process was obtained, as well as the influence curve of drill speed, feeding speed of drill and drill diameter on the axial drilling force was obtained by test. By comparison, it was found that the test results were basically consistent with the simulation results. 4) Based on the designed lotus kernel coring test bench, the influence of water content, clamping force of press roller, drill speed, feeding speed of drill, drill diameter and other process parameters on the crumbling rate of lotus kernel was tested by single factor test method. And on the basic of the single factor test results, the optimum technological parameters were obtained by orthogonal optimization test. The optimum technological parameters were as follows: The water content was 7.78%,the drill diameter was 2.2 mm, the clamping force of the press roller was 38 N, the feeding speed of drill was 20 mm/s, and the drill speed was 3 000 r/min. The result of this study can provide a reference for the design of equipment of lotus core removal by drilling.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Core drilling
Controlled terms:Clamping devices - Computer simulation - Drilling equipment - Drills - Feeding - Infill drilling - Mechanical properties - Models - Optimization - Presses (machine tools) - Rollers (machine components) - Speed - Stress analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Crumbling of lotus kernel - Lotus kernel - Optimization of process parameters - Orthogonal optimizations - Process parameter optimization - Process parameters - Removing core - Technological parameters
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 601.2 Machine Components - 603.1 Machine Tools, General - 603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 3.80e+01N, Percentage 7.78e+00%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+03RPM, Size 2.20e-03m, Velocity 2.00e-02m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20193507366782
Title:Design of ducted-fan pollination machine based on high-clearance chassis for hybrid rice
Title of translation:涵道风扇式高地隙杂交水稻制种授粉机设计
Authors:Zhou, Zhiyan (1, 2, 3); Zhong, Boping (1, 2, 3); Liu, Aimin (4); He, Yue (1, 2, 3); Liu, Youfu (1, 2, 3); Tian, Luhong (1, 2, 3); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2, 3); Lin, Zonghui (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Aviation Application (ERCAAA), Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment of South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (3) National Joint Research Center for Precision Agricultural Aviation Application Technology, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (4) Yuan Longping Agricultural High-tech Co. LTD, Changsha; 410006, China
Corresponding author:Luo, Xiwen(xwluo@scau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:1-8
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Pollination is a key process in the hybrid rice seed production. At present, the traditional artificial assisted pollination is still the main method of hybrid rice seed production in China. Traditional artificial assisted pollination methods have some disadvantages, and they are not conductive to the realization of full mechanization of hybrid rice seed-making. In order to find a more efficient and more reliable auxiliary pollination method to facilitate the full mechanization of hybrid rice seed production, a ducted-fan pollination machine based on high-clearance chassis for hybrid rice was designed in this paper. The flow field characteristics of ducted-fan-pollinator were simulated and analyzed by using computational fluid dynamics technology (CFD). The simulation and measurement airflow field results showed that, when the motor velocity of ducted-fan pollinator was 9 000 rad/min, the uniformity of air velocity distribution was better and the average wind velocity was 4 m/s at 6.0 m from the air outlet. It satisfied the minimum requirements for pollen lifting and suspension transportation during hybrid rice pollination. In addition, the ducts played a certain role in enclosing the airflow formed by the rotor rotation, and avoided the airflow formed by the rotor rotation to diffuse around in a certain area. A prototype had been trial-produced accordingly. Field validation tests were carried out by optimizing the parameters of the device. The ducted-fan pollination machine was composed of high ground clearance power chassis, micro gasoline generator, DC power supply, truss, truss automatic leveling device, ducted-fan start-up controller, truss lifting mechanism and several ducted-fan-pollinators. The chassis clearance was 1.7 m, the wheelbase was 2.4 m. The tread was 2.5 m, which could span one compartment of male parent. And the truss width was 11.0 m. The coverage width of single pollination operation could reach 31.5 m. Under the walking velocity 1.5 m/s, the operation efficiency could reach 7 hm<sup>2</sup>/time (30 minutes for each pollination). The results showed that under the conditions of 1.5 m/s walking velocity and 9 000 rad/min motor revolving velocity of the pollination machine, the average number of pollen grains was 8.39 grains in the pollen collection point of the female parent compartment in the unit visual field, which satisfied the minimum requirement of hybrid rice seed production and pollination (at least 3 grains of pollen were required in the agronomy of hybrid rice seed production). A comparative experiment was conducted on the actual production of hybrid rice pollination by ducted-fan pollination machine based on high-clearance chassis and agricultural UAV. The results showed that the seed-setting rates of the 2 pollination methods were 44.2% and 42.7% respectively. The results of the 2 operations were similar, which showed that the designed ducted-fan pollination machine based on high-clearance chassis for hybrid rice could meet the actual production requirements of hybrid rice seed-making. This study provides a reference for the mechanization of hybrid rice seed production.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Grain (agricultural product)
Controlled terms:Air - Chassis - Computational fluid dynamics - Computer simulation - Design - Machinery - Mechanization - Trusses - Velocity - Velocity distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Air velocity distributions - Comparative experiments - Ducted fan - Flow field characteristics - High-clearance - Hybrid rice - Production requirements - Simulations and measurements
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 601 Mechanical Design - 662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components - 723.5 Computer Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 4.27e+01%, Percentage 4.42e+01%, Size 1.10e+01m, Size 1.70e+00m, Size 2.40e+00m, Size 2.50e+00m, Size 3.15e+01m, Size 6.00e+00m, Time 1.80e+03s, Velocity 1.50e+00m/s, Velocity 4.00e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20193507366787
Title:Multi-scale analysis of drought and its driving factors in Sichuan
Title of translation:四川省伏旱及驱动因子多尺度分析
Authors:Lu, Xiaoning (1); Zeng, Deyu (1); Huang, Yue (1); Yang, Liuqing (1); Meng, Chengzhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu; 610225, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:35
Issue:9
Issue date:May 1, 2019
Publication year:2019
Pages:138-146
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Based on the remote sensing monitoring results of the monthly scale drought in Sichuan Province from July to August 2000-2015(Lu et al.(2017)), the multi-scale characteristics of drought are studied in such a complex topographical area in this paper. The multi-dimensional analysis of the monthly average drought conditions and its evolution trend are carried out based on two-dimensional wavelet analysis in different topographic and geomorphological areas. The wavelet square difference (WSD) is taken as an index, the larger the wavelet square difference is, the richer the structural information is in the study area at that scale, and the greater the intensity of drought effect is. Through the research, it is found that: 1) The WSD of average annual situation of drought conditions is reaching its maximum in the vertical direction (North-South direction), the second in the horizontal direction (West-East direction), and the smallest in the diagonal direction (Northwest-Southeast direction), reflecting the significant spatial differentiation of the drought along the vertical direction of the region. The dominant factor that leads to this phenomenon is the significant vertical gradient of the vegetations. 2) The number and scope of the dominant scales for the annual average drought conditions in different are different. There are 5 dominant scales in the Eastern Sichuan basin, and the scale of 5 040.75 km<sup>2</sup> is the most topographic areas in the macro scales. The severe drought and extraordinarily drought grades are dominated by the meso scale at 187.34, 560.08 km<sup>2</sup>, which is mainly reflected in Chengdu Plain. For the plateau and basin transition zone, there are 3 dominant scales. The macro scale of 2 194.5 km<sup>2</sup> is mainly characterized by moderate drought and has a significant vertical differentiation. The meso scales of 160.51 and 418 km<sup>2</sup> correspond to severe or extraordinarily droughts, which are mainly reflected in the city and built-up area. For the western Sichuan plateau, there are 2 dominant scales. The macro scale of 9 487.5 km<sup>2</sup> is prominently represented in the diagonal direction as the drought-free area where the evergreen coniferous forest and the mixed forest are interlaced in the central part of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The meso scale of 637.82 km<sup>2</sup> is prominent in the horizontal and vertical directions in area where grassland and mixed forest distributed along in the northwestern of the Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture. 3) The number of dominant scales and the prominent scale characteristics of the drought and evolution trend are inconsistent in 3 major topographical and morphological areas. For the Eastern Sichuan Basin, there are 4 spatial scales in the drought aggravation trend area, and the mesoscale scale is dominant, while the drought mitigation trend area is dominated by the macro scale of 5 023.02 km<sup>2</sup>. For the plateau and basin transition areas, there are mainly 3 scales in drought-increasing trend areas. The dominant scale is also the meso scale, while the mitigation trend area is more prominent with 3 meso scales. There are 4 dominant scales in the drought-increasing trend area of the western Sichuan Plateau, which is dominated by the macro scale. While the drought mitigation trend area is dominated by the meso scale. 4) Although the dominant scales in the evolution trend of drought in different geomorphological areas are different, they have strong consistency in the causes of these scale characteristics, that is, the dominant scale areas of drought aggravation trend show a kind of vegetation decline, while the area of drought mitigation is presented as the increasing trend of precipitation.<br/> © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Drought
Controlled terms:Forestry - Remote sensing - Vegetation
Uncontrolled terms:Multi-dimensional analysis - Multi-scale - Remote sensing monitoring - Sichuan province - Spatial differentiation - Structural information - Two-dimensional wavelet analysis - Vertical differentiation
Classification code:444 Water Resources
Numerical data indexing:Area 1.61e+08m2, Area 1.94e+08m2, Area 2.30e+07m2, Area 4.08e+07m2, Area 4.18e+08m2, Area 4.88e+08m2, Area 5.60e+08m2, Area 6.38e+08m2
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.09.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2020 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
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- Crop Science Society of America
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