1. Key parameter analysis of ET estimating for maize and sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District based on S-I model

Accession number: 20192307019509

Title of translation: ETS-I

Authors: Cai, Jiabing (1, 2); Zhang, Baozhong (1, 2); Wei, Zheng (1, 2); Huang, Lingxu (3); Chen, He (1, 2); Peng, Zhigong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (2) National Center for Efficient Irrigation Engineering and Technology Research-Beijing, Beijing; 100048, China; (3) Power China of Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited, Beijing; 100024, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 140-148

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: It is very important to estimate field crop evapotranspiration rapidly when water resources distribution and irrigation management would be implemented well-off in irrigation district. The simplified S-I model takes into consideration of crop canopy temperature and field micro-meteorology factors and it has been widely used for evapotranspiration estimation. In this study, 2 key crop parameters in S-I model were calibrated for the use of Hetao Irrigation District situated along the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, the second-largest irrigation project in China. Two-year field experiments were carried out in Jiefangzha irrigation area of Hetao Irrigation District in 2015-2016 in maize and sunflowers fields (the major crop in Hetao Irrigation District). Measurements and system tests were conducted in an experimental field located at the Shahaoqu Experimental Station in the middle of the Jiefangzha Irrigation Area (40°55’8″N, 107°8’16″E, 1 036 m elevation). Continuous field measurements were taken from mid-May to September in 2015 and 2016 when the maize and sunflowers were in their primary growing periods. The experimental sites were equipped with a Canopy Temperature and Meteorology Monitoring System (CTMS) mounted on a stainless steel stand column. The slope and intercept of the S-I model related the difference of canopy temperature and air temperature and the difference of daily evapotranspiration (ETd) and solar net radiation represented two characteristic parameters of model. The parameters were calibrated based on the 2 year experimental results and then validated by using the other year results, respectively. And the related influencing factors of the parameters were also analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The S-I model could be utilized to estimate ETd in maize and sunflower field, and the best calibration and validation was at 13:00 in Hetao Irrigation District based on 2-year results. High accuracy of the S-I model occurred in crop vigorous growth period, for maize in June, July and August, for sunflower in July and August, respectively. 2) The characteristic parameters of S-I model were impacted by wind speed, surface coverage, and surface roughness, but the impacts varied for different crops. At the best performance time of daily 13:00, the characteristic parameters of S-I model were both negative for maize field, but one was positive and the other was negative for sunflower. These could affect the estimating values and its accuracy. Leaf area index (LAI) impacted the model slope of maize in a different way with that on sunflower, but wind speed had the similar influence on these 2 crops. 3) The calibrated values of characteristic parameters of S-I model could be utilized to estimate crop daily evapotranspiration in maize and sunflower fields in Hetao Irrigation District. The estimation based on data at 13:00 was the best for both sunflower and maize. The recommended values of intercept and slope of the S-I model were -0.251 and -0.209 for maize, and 0.655 and -0.358 for sunflower, respectively. These parameters values could be used as a recommendation to ETd estimation in the other areas when the experimental data were lack. However, if the high accuracy of evapotranspiration estimation are required, we suggested to calibrate the parameters based on local field experiments and measurements. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Parameter estimation

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Irrigation  -  Meteorology  -  Surface roughness  -  Temperature  -  Water supply  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Calibration and validations  -  Daily evapotranspirations  -  Experimental stations  -  Hetao irrigation districts  -  Irrigation management  -  Maize  -  Sunflower  -  Wind speed

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.00e+00yr, Size 1.04e+03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Remote sensing estimation of nitrogen content in summer maize leaves based on multispectral images of UAV

Accession number: 20192307019507

Title of translation:

Authors: Wei, Pengfei (1, 2); Xu, Xingang (1); Li, Zhongyuan (2); Yang, Guijun (1); Li, Zhenhai (1); Feng, Haikuan (1); Chen, Guo (1, 2); Fan, Lingling (1); Wang, Yulong (1); Liu, Shuaibing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Hubei University, Wuhan; 430062, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Xingang(xxgpaper@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 126-133

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, the remote sensing monitoring system composed of UAV platform and multi-spectral camera has achieved some results in agriculture. However, there are few attempts to use UAV multi-spectral image to estimate crop nitrogen. Based on this, the multi-spectral images were acquired by UAV and leaf nitrogen contents (LNC) were measured in the National Precision Agriculture Base in 2017 to carry out the estimation research on the nitrogen content of summer maize leaves in this paper. Crop LNC estimation model were constructed mostly based on single spectral variable in traditional research methods, but the model constructed by single spectral variable were easy to be saturated, while excessive selection of variables may lead to over-fitting. The stepwise regression method is a multivariate regression analysis method, which is simple and easy to perform. The obtained regression equation has fewer variables and retains the advantages of the most significant important variables. Therefore, the stepwise regression model is used to estimate the nitrogen content of leaves. In this study, 48 sets of sample data were obtained in 3 growth stages. Firstly, the data were preprocessed, and the preprocessing of UAV multispectral data included image mosaic, radiation calibration and geometric correction. Secondly, 15 spectral variables were selected to analyze the correlation with LNC, and then the spectral variables sensitive to LNC at different growth stages were screened out. Finally, the backward stepwise regression method was used to analyze the change of estimation accuracy under different variables, and the spectral variables to estimate LNC in different growth stages were determined to achieve higher precision monitoring of LNC in summer maize. It can be found that: 1) In the 3 growth stages, the green band reflectance and the green normalized difference vegetation index(GNDVI) constructed by the green band had strong correlation with LNC, indicating that the green band can perform the inversion of LNC in summer maize; 2) The optimal soil adjustment vegetation index(OSAVI), soil adjustment vegetation index(SAVI) and LNC were highly correlated in trumpet stage and filling stage, which proved that the selection of spectral variables reflecting soil factors in early and late growth stage of summer maize can improve inversion accuracy of the nitrogen content. Considering the evaluation index and simple practicability of the estimation model, 5 spectral variables were selected according to the adjusted determination coefficient (Radj2) in the trumpet stage, 6 spectral variables were selected in the anthesis silking stage, and 5 spectral variables were selected in the filling stage to construct the model. In the trumpet stage, the R2, root mean square error (RMSE)and normalized RMSE(nRMSE) of the estimation model were 0.63, 27.63% and 11.62%; In the anthesis silking stage, that were 0.64, 20.50% and 7.80%; In the filling stage, that were 0.56, 31.12% and 12.71%; It can be found that the application of UAV multi-spectral remote sensing image data can well monitor the spatial distribution of LNC in field-scale summer maize, and provide spatial decision service information support for corn field precision management. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Remote sensing

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Filling  -  Mean square error  -  Monitoring  -  Multivariant analysis  -  Nitrogen  -  Regression analysis  -  Soils  -  Spectroscopy  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)   -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Adjusted determination coefficient  -  Green normalized difference vegetation index  -  Leaf nitrogen content  -  Multi-spectral  -  Multivariate regression analysis  -  Remote sensing estimations  -  Stepwise regression  -  Summer maize

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  922 Statistical Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 2.76e+01%, Percentage 3.11e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Development of water quality monitoring system of aquaculture ponds based on narrow band internet of things

Accession number: 20192307019522

Title of translation:

Authors: Huan, Juan (1, 2); Wu, Fan (1); Cao, Weijian (1); Li, Hui (1); Liu, Xingqiao (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Information Science & Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou; 213164, China; (2) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 252-261

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The water quality environment of aquaculture water is the basis for the survival of aquatic animals. Water quality factors such as temperature, pH value and dissolved oxygen are the key factors affecting aquaculture water quality. Therefore, timely monitoring of water quality has important practical significance for high yield, health and safety of aquaculture. In order to promote the development of aquaculture informationization, it is necessary to monitor aquaculture ponds more accurately and conveniently. This paper designs a water quality monitoring system based on NB- IoT narrow-band Internet of Things technology. The single hop distance of this technology can reach thousands of meters. It is more suitable for parks, aquaculture ponds and other places in terms of communication range, deployment number and environmental applicability of nodes. The technology solves the problems of insufficient network coverage, high terminal power consumption, insufficient terminal equipment and high comprehensive cost in aquaculture area. The system specially designs terminal sensor nodes, background control module, monitoring application software and hardware. The functions of data storage and remote collection of multi-sensor node information such as temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and other sensor nodes were realized, as well as the intelligent control of aquaculture pond aerator. Temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and other water quality information were collected and coded by STM32L151C8 MCU and sensor terminal in real time. First, data was reported to cloud platform through NB module and core network. The application layer called the query interface in time to realize online remote monitoring of aquaculture ponds. Then, the system used the Internet of Things Telecom Cloud Platform, which was equipped with a Profile file that described the functions of the device and a codec plug-in that analyzed the protocol package, to stores the water quality parameter data in time. Finally, the binding of NB module devices was completed. The NB wireless communication module data format and data transmission were realized by Keil tool. Java was used to develop background monitoring applications for accessing cloud platforms, controlling underlying devices, and local data processing. Monitoring applications could not only send HTTP requests to monitor cloud platform data, but also send commands to terminal control module to control the start and shutdown of aerators. The experimental results showed that the system could acquire water quality information in time, such as temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen and so on. The control accuracy of temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH value were kept in the ±0.12 , ±0.55 mg/L, and less than 0.09, respectively. The average relative errors were 0.15%, 2.48% and 0.21%, respectively. Monitoring applications could also issue commands to cloud platforms to control aerators at any time. The codec plug-in of the platform encoded the command and send it to the hardware terminal. The response time of the remote control device was less than 100 ms, and the whole system was stable, which proved the reliability of NB- IoT technology. Data transmission is timely and accurate, which can meet the actual production needs and provide strong data and technical support for further water quality control and aquaculture production management. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Internet of things

Controlled terms: Animals  -  Application programs  -  Aquaculture  -  Biochemical oxygen demand  -  Data handling  -  Data transfer  -  Digital storage  -  Dissolution  -  Dissolved oxygen  -  HTTP   -  Lakes  -  Monitoring  -  pH  -  Ponds  -  Quality control  -  Remote control  -  Salinity measurement  -  Sensor nodes  -  Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Average relative error  -  Internet of things technologies  -  Monitoring applications  -  Narrow bands  -  Water quality information  -  Water quality monitoring systems  -  Water quality parameters  -  Wireless communications

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  722 Computer Systems and Equipment  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e-01%, Percentage 2.10e-01%, Percentage 2.48e+00%, Time 1.00e-01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Inverse kinematics of 6-DOF hybrid manipulator for forest-fruit harvest based on screw theory

Accession number: 20192307019502

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Lijun (1); Liu, Tao (1); Gao, Zicheng (1); Liao, Kai (1); Li, Yuzhuo (1); Xu, Shibin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; 410000, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 75-82

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: A method for inverse kinematics analysis based on screw theory was presented in this paper, which can directly map the position and orientation of the working object to the joint variables of the manipulator with its application to a full inverse kinematics analysis of forest-fruit harvesting manipulator characterized by a hybrid kinematic structure, 2P4R. The solution of inverse kinematics modeling derived by screw theory was commonly realized by Paden-Kahan sub-problem method, which decomposes a full kinematics problem into sub-problem with obviously geometrical meaning through choosing appropriate point, usually, intersection of adjacent joint, such as wrist joint, to reduce the number of the variable quantity, and then close-form solution can be easily obtained. However, in practice, it is hard to gain the position of those points through measure because of their absence before end-effector actually moving to the desired position. And few researchers mentioned this issue in the relevant literature. In order to discuss this problem, firstly, a geometrical method was proposed for this issue to obtain the position of the required point, wrist joint, according to the orientation of end-effector and its geometric properties and geometric relationships through using the vector algebra method. Furthermore, a mapping between driving and driven join was gained in order to simplify the solving process of the equation set at a later, according to the solution of the structural equation of the manipulator derived by the product-of-exponentials (POEs) formula and structural character of manipulator. Meanwhile, the closed-form solution for each driving joint variables was derived by employing the proposed method with Paden-Kahan sub-problem method. A mapping relationship between the plücker coordinates of the object and the location information of end-effector was derived through an algebraic method according to the principle of minimum displacement and its operating mode in which the gripper of end-effector should reach the position of the trunk with two labels detected by the robot vision system and be perpendicular to the orientation of the trunk. In addition, the problem of multiple solutions in the inverse kinematics analysis for the harvesting manipulator was solved according to the range of joint variables. Finally, the real-world experiment was performed under laboratory environment. In order to vertify the correctness and obtain the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper. A wooden stick with two markers was placed in the kinematics test platform as the object, which consisted of a laser tracker and a harvesting manipulator. Then, the values of each joint variable could be calculated via the proposed method according to the plücker coordinate data of the markers measured in the object. The results showed that the forest-fruit harvesting manipulator was driven by the solution of inverse kinematics to the position on the stick that its end-effect reached and normal to the stick, which meant this method could meet the requirements of the operating mode. Then ten sets of joint variable values were randomly generated where the positions were measured and the manipulator was sequentially driven by that. The joint variable values were calculated according to the positions through the method proposed in this paper. At last, the calculated results were re-inputted into the controller to drive the manipulator to the new positions. The two measure results on different positions driven by joint variable values generated and calculated were used to obtain the error. The results showed that the maximum position error of end-effector was 6.597 mm, far less than the open size of its gripper, 200 mm, and no more than 3.30%, with the maximum orientation error of 0.975°. The method in this paper was not limited by the specific structure, therefore it is versatile. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Inverse problems

Controlled terms: Algebra  -  Digital storage  -  End effectors  -  Errors  -  Forestry  -  Fruits  -  Geometry  -  Grippers  -  Harvesters  -  Harvesting   -  Inverse kinematics  -  Kinematics  -  Manipulators  -  Mapping  -  Robots  -  Screws

Uncontrolled terms: Fruit harvests  -  Geometric relationships  -  Hybrid manipulators  -  Laboratory environment  -  Mapping relationships  -  Position and orientations  -  Screw theory  -  Sub-problems

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  731.5 Robotics  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.1 Algebra  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.30e+00%, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 6.60e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Prediction model of soil water and salt transport on yield of summer squash under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water

Accession number: 20192307019512

Title of translation:

Authors: Guo, Xianghong (1); Bi, Yuanjie (2); Sun, Xihuan (1, 3); Ma, Juanjuan (1); Kong, Xiaoyan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan; 030024, China; (2) Shanxi Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Taiyuan; 030002, China; (3) Jinzhong University, Jinzhong; 030619, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 167-175

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Water resources are very scarce in northern China. In order to improve the utilization efficiency of brackish water and agricultural water resources, Mulch drip irrigation with brackish water has been widely studied. Mulch drip irrigation with brackish water is a highly efficient irrigation technology that combines brackish water and mulch drip irrigation, which not only saves water but also makes full use of brackish water resources. In order to quantitatively calculate the effects of mulch drip irrigation with brackish water on soil water salt and summer squash yield, the water salt transport model and water salt production function of mulch drip irrigation with brackish water were established according to the characteristics of soil water-salt transport under mulch drip irrigation with brackish and summer squash growth experiment. A prediction simulation model of soil water-salt transport and yield was established by combining the two models under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water. In order to verify the model, experiments with two groups of summer squash under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water were carried out. The first group was the growth experiment of summer squash under mulch drip irrigation with different salinity of brackish water (1.7, 3.5, 5.0 g/L). The second experiment was to study the effects of different irrigation levels and different salinity of brackish water on the growth of summer squash under mulch drip irrigation. Three irrigation levels were set at seedling stage, vine-pumping stage and flowering and fruiting stage, namely 70%-90% of field water holding capacity, 60%-80% of field water holding capacity, 50%-70% of field water holding capacity, respectively. The three levels of irrigation salinity were 1.7 g/L, 3.5 g/L and 5.0 g/L, respectively. A total of nine treatments were designed by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the soil water content, soil salt content and yield of the summer squash calculated by the model was in agreement with the trend of the measured soil water content, soil salt content and yield of the summer squash under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water. The root mean square error of the soil water content, soil salt content and yield of the summer squash calculated by the model was 0.049 cm3/cm3, 0.065 g/kg and 3.83 t/hm2, respectively. The average relative error of the soil water content, soil salt content and yield of the summer squash calculated by the model was respectively 5.17%, 7.42% and 5.84%, and the average absolute error of the soil water content, soil salt content and yield of the summer squash calculated by the model was respectively 0.047 cm3/cm3, 0.062 g/kg and 3.95 t/hm2. Therefore, the model had higher simulation accuracy and can be used to simulate the distribution and dynamic changes of soil water-salt and yield of summer squash under mulch drip irrigation with brackish water. The optimum scheme of drip irrigation under film with brackish water for summer squash was obtained by range method. The soil water content at seedling stage was controlled at 70%-90% of field water holding capacity, at sprouting stage was controlled at 60% - 80% of field water holding capacity, at flowering and fruiting stage was controlled at 60% - 80% of field water holding capacity, and the salinity of brackish water was 1.7 g/L. However, brackish water with salinity of 3.5 g/L can also be used for irrigation in areas where freshwater resources are very scarce. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Water resources

Controlled terms: Errors  -  Irrigation  -  Mean square error  -  Plants (botany)  -  Salts  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Water

Uncontrolled terms: Average relative error  -  Brackish water  -  Drip irrigation  -  Root mean square errors  -  Summer squash  -  Water holding capacity  -  Water-salt production functions  -  Yield

Classification code: 444 Water Resources  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 1.70e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.50e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 5.17e+00%, Percentage 5.84e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 7.42e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Performance simulation and test of plug-in proportional raising valve of electro-hydraulic hitch for heavy tractor

Accession number: 20192307019505

Title of translation:

Authors: Hua, Bo (1); Zhao, Jianjun (2); Liu, Changqing (1); Du, Yuefeng (1); Mao, Enrong (1); Song, Zhenghe (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agriculturcrl University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Beijing; 100101, China

Corresponding author: Song, Zhenghe(songzhenghe@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 109-117

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to reflect the essential characteristics of heavy tractor electro-hydraulic hitch proportional raising valves more accurately, the internal structure and working mechanism of each hydraulic component in the proportional raising valves are analyzed based on the field operation environment and operation requirements of heavy tractor electro-hydraulic hitches in this paper, a proportional raising valve load-sensitive hydraulic system circuit is designed, and an electro-hydraulic hitch cartridge proportional raising valve based on the plate valve design concept is developed. Besides, a nonlinear mathematical simulation model of proportional raising valves based on boundary conditions is established based on the state space method of modern control theory. The simulation model is built with MATLAB/Simulink. The dynamic and static performances are simulated and analyzed using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithm, and the movement patterns of its internal spool is revealed. The simulation results showed that for static performance, the output flow of the proportional raising valve fluctuates briefly near the driving voltage of 3.9 V due to the influence of uniform-pressure-drop valve pressure regulation. As the pressure difference between the oil inlet and outlet of the two-position three-way proportional directional valve is basically maintained at about 1.5 MPa, the maximum flow rate is about 62 L/min under the action of uniform-pressure-drop valve, which is close to the product performance of the two-position three-way proportional directional valve, and the proportional raising valve has good load pressure compensation and steady-state speed regulation characteristics. In terms of dynamic performance, when the load pressure changes step by step, the output flow fluctuation of the proportional raising valve system is small, the adjustment time is short, and the influence of the load change is small. When the driving voltage changes step by step, the proportional raising valve has good dynamic speed regulation performance. Then, based on the indoor test platform of load-sensitive hydraulic system, the plug-in proportional raising valve of electro-hydraulic hitch is tested and studied. The test results show that the steady flow output of proportional raising valve has experienced 3 successive stages: dead zone, slow increase in flow and rapid increase in flow. Over the 3 stages, the maximum flow rate can reach about 60 L/min and return stroke error is less than 5%. At the same time, the test data of the valve is in good agreement with the steady flow simulation data, and the maximum flow error is about 3.33%. When the load pressure changes step by step, the proportional raising valve compensation pressure in real time is about 1.5MPa, the hydraulic shock is small, the static flow output of the proportional raising valve is stable, and the system flow is maintained at about 30 L/min when the load pressure changes step by step, which is basically consistent with the simulation data. When the driving voltage changes step by step, the flow rate of the system changes from 15 L/min to 27 L/min, which is basically consistent with the simulation data, and the flow rate error is only 3.57%, the proportional raising valve has good dynamic speed regulation and good steady-state speed regulation, meeting the field operation requirements of heavy tractor electro-hydraulic hitch. This study provides good reference for modeling, simulation and experimental analysis of key components of tractor hydraulic system. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Automobile testing

Controlled terms: Drops  -  Errors  -  Flow rate  -  Hydraulic equipment  -  MATLAB  -  Models  -  Pressure drop  -  Runge Kutta methods  -  Speed regulators  -  State space methods   -  Steady flow  -  Tractors (agricultural)  -  Tractors (truck)

Uncontrolled terms: Dynamic property  -  Electro-hydraulics  -  Essential characteristic  -  Experimental analysis  -  Fourth-order runge-kutta  -  Mathematical simulation model  -  Modern control theory  -  Performance simulation

Classification code: 631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles  -  663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.33e+00%, Percentage 3.57e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Pressure 1.50e+06Pa, Voltage 3.90e+00V

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Simulation and experiment of legs-stride forward and overcoming obstacle gait of walking robot based on double 6-UPU parallel mechanism

Accession number: 20192307019503

Title of translation: 6-UPU

Authors: Tang, Xinxing (1); Fan, Dachuan (1); Han, Fangyuan (1); Cui, Yuding (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun; 130012, China; (2) School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan; 430081, China

Corresponding author: Cui, Yuding(hjhbuick@hust.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 83-91

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to expand the application of hexapod robot and improve the adaptability and flexibility of hexapod robot to the working environment, a walking robot based on double 6-UPU parallel mechanism is proposed. The walking robot that has a total of 18 degrees of freedom, which is composed of two 6-UPU parallel mechanism legs and 6 feet equipped with auxiliary legs. The auxiliary leg enhances the adaptability to overcome obstacles and the environment by changing the body height of the walking robot. Firstly, the kinematics of the 6-UPU parallel mechanism is analyzed, and the kinematics inverse solution is applied to obtain the status of each branch of the parallel leg. Secondly, according to the results of inverse kinematics solution, 2 gait modes of legs-stride forward gait and overcoming obstacle gait are designed. And then, the model of the hexapod robot is built in the ADMAS, and the materials of model are set according to the prototype material, to simulate two kinds of gaits. In simulation, it takes 23.734 2 s for the leg-stride forward gait cycle and the body of hexapod walking robot advances forward 400 mm, with the average walking speed of 1 011.2 mm/min. While it takes 18 s for overcoming obstacle gait cycle and the body of hexapod walking robot advances forward 100 mm, with the average walking speed of 333.3 mm/min. Finally, the control system is designed with two pieces of STM32 microprocessor chip for data collection and PID algorithm calculation, and the data transmission between two chips is by serial communication. In experiment, it takes 24.85 s for the leg-stride forward gait cycle and the body of hexapod walking robot advances forward 385 mm, with the average walking speed of 929.6 mm/min, for what in overcoming obstacle gait are 20.8 s, 90 mm, and 259.6 mm/min. In leg-stride forward gait cycle, the deviation of the time taken and the average walking speed between simulation and experiment results are 5% and 8%, respectively, while that in overcoming obstacle gait cycle, are 13% and 22%, respectively. The simulation planning trajectory and experimental trajectory of the central points of 2 moving platforms for parallel legs are drawn in the walking stage, and the experimental trajectory lag behind the simulation for two kinds of gaits. Though affected by the characteristics, the assembly accuracy of each electric cylinder and quality errors of material in the experimental prototype, the prototype can complete walking task by the set gait, thus the correctness of the simulation analysis is verified. The research could provide a reference for further investigation on hexapod parallel walking robots, achieving stable walking on unknown environment. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Mobile robots

Controlled terms: Control engineering  -  Degrees of freedom (mechanics)  -  Gait analysis  -  Inverse kinematics  -  Mechanisms  -  Quality control  -  Robots  -  Simulation platform  -  Trajectories

Uncontrolled terms: Experimental prototype  -  Inverse kinematics solutions  -  Overcoming obstacles  -  Parallel mechanisms  -  Serial communications  -  Stm32 microprocessors  -  Unknown environments  -  Walking robots

Classification code: 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics  -  601.3 Mechanisms  -  731.5 Robotics  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.83e+00m, Size 3.85e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 9.00e-02m, Time 1.80e+01s, Time 2.08e+01s, Time 2.49e+01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.010

Funding Details: Number: 51305153, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Number: 51575219, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: NNSF (National Natural Science Foundation of China) under Grant 51305153 and 51575219; Research Fund of Jilin science and Technology Office (KJT2016-2); Research Fund of Jilin provincial development and Reform Commission (2015Y067); Research Fund of Jilin Provincial Department of education 12th Five-Year funded project (2015079).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Effects of biogas slurry application rates on soil physical and chemical properties and carbon storage of bamboo forest

Accession number: 20192307019517

Title of translation:

Authors: Chai, Yanjun (1); Huang, Limin (2); Dong, Yueyong (3); Li, Yan (4); Wang, Zhirong (3); Shan, Shengdao (1); Ping, Lifeng (1); Zhang, Wudi (5)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou; 310023, China; (2) Rural Energy Office, Longyou County Bureau of Agriculture, Longyou; 324400, China; (3) Agricultural Ecology and Energy Office of Zhejiang Province, Agricultural Department of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou; 310012, China; (4) Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hangzhou; 310021, China; (5) School of Energy and Environment Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming; 650500, China

Corresponding author: Shan, Shengdao(shanshd@vip.sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 214-220

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of resource utilization of biogas slurry and the reduction of chemical fertilizers, in this study, we worked on the effects of combined application of different biogas slurry dosages and chemical fertilizers (all treatments receiving the same amount of NPK application) on soil physical and chemical properties and carbon sink enhancement of bamboo forest. The result showed that the solo application of chemical fertilizers (NPK treatment) or combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers (N1P1K1Z1-total nitrogen in biogas slurry replaced 25% of the total application amount of chemical fertilizer, N2P2K2Z2-total nitrogen in biogas slurry replaced50% of the total application amount of chemical fertilizer, N3P3K3Z3-total nitrogen in biogas slurry replaced 75% of the total application amount of chemical fertilizer) had no obvious effects on the soil pH values and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium (P>0.05), while the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers (especially N3P3K3Z3 treatment -high dosage biogas slurry) significantly increased the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (P0.05), while the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly decreased the proportion of actinomycetes (P0.05). Solo application of chemical fertilizers had no significant effects on the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen of bamboo forest (P>0.05), but the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by 19.3%-62.0% and 52.7%-147.3%, respectively (P0.05), but the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the invertase activity by 46.2%-138.5% (P1P1K1Z1 treatments compared to the CK, respectively (P2P2K2Z2 and N3P3K3Z3 treatments. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference among the CK, NPK, N1P1K1Z1 and N2P2K2Z2 treatments of catalase activity. In summary, the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers could significantly increase soil available nutrient contents, the proportions of bacterial and fungi, soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the activity of invertase, urease and catalase. In all fertilization treatments, the increase of above indicators under N3P3K3Z3 treatment was the most obvious. In addition, all fertilization treatments significantly increased the mean diameter at breast height of one-year bamboo, two-year bamboo and bamboo stand by 38.9%-61.7%, 11.8%-18.8%, and 13.1%-24.4%, respectively (P3P3K3Z3 treatment was the most obvious. It could be seen that the combined application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizers could increase soil fertility, promote the growth of bamboo (especially newly grown bamboo) and increase carbon sequestration of bamboo. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Nitrogen fertilizers

Controlled terms: Bacteria  -  Bamboo  -  Biogas  -  Biomass  -  Chemical properties  -  Forestry  -  Fungi  -  Phosphatases  -  Phosphorus  -  Physicochemical properties   -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Acid phosphatase activities  -  Application of fertilizers  -  Biogas slurry  -  Carbon storage  -  Physicochemical properties of soils  -  Soil available nutrients  -  Soil microbial biomass carbons  -  Soil physical and chemical properties

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  522 Gas Fuels  -  801 Chemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  811.1 Pulp and Paper

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.31e+01% to 2.44e+01%, Percentage 1.93e+01% to 6.20e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01% to 3.90e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+01% to 6.17e+01%, Percentage 4.15e+01% to 1.79e+02%, Percentage 5.27e+01% to 1.47e+02%, Percentage 7.50e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Development of monitoring device for medium and small size seed flow based on thin surface laser- silicon photocell

Accession number: 20192307019495

Title of translation: -

Authors: Ding, Youchun (1, 2); Zhu, Kai (1, 2); Wang, Kaiyang (1, 2); Liu, Xiaodong (1, 2); Du, Chaoqun (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 12-20

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Rapeseed and wheat are important oil and food crops in china, the sowing dates of them are adjacent, and planting area ranks in the forefront of the world. Precision combined seeding can improve working efficiency, reduce operating costs, increase farmer’s income. Monitoring the sowing process is one of the trends in the development of intelligent seeders. The sowing process of the precision planter for rapeseed and wheat is completely closed, miss seeding caused by various factors in the field can not be corrected in time. It is of great practical significance to study a seed flow monitoring device for medium and small particle size monitoring the sowing process real time, so as to improve the intelligence level of the precision planter for rapeseed and wheat. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars carried out many related studies on miss seeding and reseeding detection system mainly for potato, corn, wheat and other large and medium seeds. Few studies have focused on miss seeding and reseeding detection system for rapeseed and other small seeds because of its small size, light weight and high seeding frequency. Rapeseed and wheat are both seeding at high frequencies, but the rapeseed size is small(average particle size 0.8-2.2 mm), wheat size is larger(average length 6.25 mm, width 3.33 mm, thickness 3.07 mm), it is difficult for them to achieve compatible detection. In order to solve the above problems, a small and medium size seed flow monitoring device was designed based on the principle of photovoltaic effect of thin surface laser and silicon photocell in this paper. A thin surface laser emitting module with a thickness of about 1 mm and a photovoltaic effect produced by a silicon photocell were used. According to the emission angle of thin laser module and the diagonal length of silicon photocell, the size of seed monitoring area and the specific location of monitoring area were calculated, the structure parameters of the monitoring device, such as the inner diameter of the catheter, the position of the catheter center line, the relative position of thin laser module and silicon photocell, were defined. The time required for seeds to pass through the thin laser layer was analyzed. The response signal of rapeseed was completed within 3 ms and that of wheat seeds was completed within 7 ms. The response signal of seed crossing was transformed into single pulse signal by means of isolated direct traffic, double-stage amplification, half-wave rectification, voltage comparison and monostable trigger, and as an external interrupt source of single chip computer, thus the seeding information was counted, and the collision-free detection of small and medium sized seed flow was realized. Testing results of seed metering device metering at different revolving speed and counting instrument metering with high frequency showed that in the seeding frequency range of 8.4 to 32.1 Hz, the monitoring accuracy of rapeseed was not less than 98.1%, in the seeding frequency range of 21.5 to 31.2 Hz, the monitoring accuracy of wheat was not less than 95.1%. The results of field experiments showed that the device could monitor the seeding amount of small and medium sized seeds in real time, and the field light and vibration of machine had no effects on the monitoring accuracy. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Monitoring

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Catheters  -  Electric rectifiers  -  Instrument testing  -  Lasers  -  Oils and fats  -  Oilseeds  -  Operating costs  -  Particle size  -  Photoelectric cells   -  Photoresistors  -  Photovoltaic effects  -  Silicon batteries

Uncontrolled terms: Average particle size  -  Collision free detection  -  Half wave rectification  -  Medium and small size seed flow  -  Monitoring accuracy  -  Seed metering devices  -  Single chip computers  -  Small particle size

Classification code: 462.1 Biomedical Equipment, General  -  702.1 Electric Batteries  -  744.1 Lasers, General  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  911.1 Cost Accounting

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 2.15e+01Hz to 3.12e+01Hz, Frequency 8.40e+00Hz to 3.21e+01Hz, Percentage 9.51e+01%, Percentage 9.81e+01%, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 3.07e-03m, Size 3.33e-03m, Size 6.25e-03m, Size 8.00e-04m to 2.20e-03m, Time 3.00e-03s, Time 7.00e-03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Quantitative evaluation of soil salinization risk in Keriya Oasis based on grey evaluation model

Accession number: 20192307019513

Title of translation:

Authors: Nurmemet, Ilyas (1, 2); Shi, Qingdong (2); Abliz, Abdulla (2, 3); Xia, Nan (1, 2); Wang, Jingzhe (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) College of Tourism, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830049, China

Corresponding author: Shi, Qingdong(shiqingdong@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 176-184

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Soil salinization is a global issue of concern and the biggest global natural disaster. Salt-affected soil is also the most prominent environmental problem in arid and semi-arid regions in China. In this study, the Keriya Oasis in the arid zone of Xinjiang, Northwestern China was chosen as study area, a geodatabase was created with multiple field observations together with laboratory analyses and related datasets including attribute, vector and raster data. Topsoil electrical conductivity (TS_EC) was selected as the ecological endpoint for evaluating the salinization risk. And 14 evaluation indicators were chosen as the main sources of soil salinity risk which included ground evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), surface albedo (Albedo), digital elevation model (DEM), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (Biomass), groundwater depth (GWD), groundwater electrical conductivity (GW_EC), topsoil water content (SWC), topsoil pH value (pH), land use land / cover type (LULC), population density (PD) and per capita arable land (PCAL). An index system for soil salinization risk assessment was established. Through remote sensing (RS) techniques and quantitative inversion, 7 risk factors were derived such as: NDVI, LAI, Albedo, LST, ET, Biomass, DEM; the other factors were spatially interpolated, then data normalization was applied to all these datasets and overlayed GIS database of soil salinity risk factors was built. Risk weights of evaluation factors were determined and weight coefficients were calculated by adopting Pearson correlation analysis method. The theory of grey relational analysis system was introduced into soil salinization risk assessment, and risk assessment model was constructed in the study area. Then the soil salinity risk of the region was quantitatively assessed and classified, and finally soil salinity risk map was elaborated. The results showed that: the salinization risk values of the whole study area varied from 0.053 to 0.747, with a mean value of 0.190. Spatial distribution heterogeneity of different risks in the Keriya Oasis was prominent, and soil salinity risk was mainly demonstrated moderate risk. The area of risk rating 3 was the largest, and it accounted for 48.94% of total study area, soil salinity risk was moderate, belonging to potential risk area; The area of rating 4 accounted for 27.69%, and it belonged to the low risk region. Rating 2 risk region accounted for 19.35%, and soil salinity risk was relatively high. Rating 1 risk area accounted for only 4.02%, but it was characterized with very high risk soil salinity. Although the high risky area was smaller in size, it might lead a negative influence on the ecological environment and agricultural production in the northern region of the oasis. In conclusion, the quantitative assessment and mapping results of soil salinization risk in Keriya Oasis could be used to make appropriate decisions related to crop production, prevention of soil salinization, and it might offer scientific evidence and consulting for obtaining sustainable development of agriculture and eco-environment in arid and semi-arid regions. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Risk assessment

Controlled terms: Arid regions  -  Biomass  -  Correlation methods  -  Cultivation  -  Disasters  -  Ecology  -  Electric conductivity  -  Geographic information systems  -  Groundwater  -  Groundwater resources   -  Land surface temperature  -  Land use  -  Maps  -  Population statistics  -  Remote sensing  -  Soils  -  Solar radiation  -  Surveying  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Arid and semi-arid regions  -  Grey evaluation  -  Grey relational analysis  -  Keriya Oasis  -  Normalized difference vegetation index  -  Pearson correlation analysis  -  Remote sensing techniques  -  Salinization

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  405.3 Surveying  -  443 Meteorology  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  903.3 Information Retrieval and Use  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 2.77e+01%, Percentage 4.02e+00%, Percentage 4.89e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on soil enzyme activity and fruit quality of sand-covered apple orchard in Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu

Accession number: 20192307019516

Title of translation:

Authors: Ren, Jing (1); Liu, Xiaoyong (1); Han, Fujun (1); Kong, Fen (1); Li, Jianming (2); Peng, Hai (1); Li, Qiang (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Fruit and Floriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Fruit Tree Institute of Jingning County, Jingning; 743400, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Xiaoyong(liuxy6607@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 206-213

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Large-scale application of nitrogen fertilizer has made a great contribution to improving crop yield. However, excessive nitrogen application is a common and serious problem in orchards, not only reduces nitrogen use efficiencies of trees, but also causes potential environmental problems. Accordingly, reasonable nitrogen application is an important strategy for increasing yield and maintaining a sustainable agroecosystem. The objective of this research was to elucidate the variation regularity of soil enzyme activity and fruit quality in apple orchard, and their correlations were analyzed, so as to provide a scientific basis for reasonable nitrogen application, enhancing nitrogen utilization rate, and reducing the environmental pollution. In this study, a field experiment was conducted with ‘Nagafu 2’, and five nitrogen fertilizer treatments (Control: CK, 165 kg/hm2: N1, 330 kg/hm2: N2, 495 kg/hm2: N3, and 660kg/hm2: N4) was established in 2015. The soil total nitrogen content, soil enzyme activity, and fruit quality were measured in 2017. The results showed that the soil total nitrogen content was enhanced with increasing nitrogen application in the same soil depth, and yet it decreased with increasing of soil depth. It suggested that the effect of sand-covered on fertilizer conservation was obvious and the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer was improved. In soils at depth of 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm, the maximal activities of soil urease and phosphatase occurred under N2 treatment, while the maximal activity of invertase occurred under N3 treatment. The soil catalase activity was higher with increasing of nitrogen application in >40-60 cm soils. Compared with the control, the fruit horizontal diameter, soluble solid, titratable acidity, vitamin C, and total sugar content increased significantly when the nitrogen application rate was 330-495 kg/hm2 (P2. Significant (P 20-40 cm soil depth) and invertase and contents of soluble solid, titratable acidity. It is noteworthy that three kinds of soil enzyme activies have a significant negative correlation with soluble solid (P0.05). Therefore, invertase activity could be used as an indicator of soil fertility in sand-covered apple orchard. All of these results demonstrated that the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly (P2. It could create a good soil biochemical environment for stable and high yield of apple orchards, and could also further improve the health of agricultural ecosystem. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 42

Main heading: Nitrogen fertilizers

Controlled terms: Correlation methods  -  Ecosystems  -  Efficiency  -  Enzyme activity  -  Enzymes  -  Fruits  -  Image quality  -  Nitrogen  -  Orchards  -  Phosphatases   -  Sand  -  Soil conditioners  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural ecosystems  -  Apple orchards  -  Environmental pollutions  -  Fertilizer applications  -  Large-scale applications  -  Nitrogen application rates  -  Nitrogen utilization efficiencies  -  Nitrogen-use efficiency

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  461.9 Biology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Development of potato harvester with buffer type potato-impurity separation sieve

Accession number: 20192307019494

Title of translation:

Authors: Wei, Zhongcai (1); Li, Hongwen (1); Su, Guoliang (2, 3); Sun, Chuanzhu (2, 4); Liu, Wenzheng (1); Li, Xueqiang (2, 5)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment, Dezhou; 253600, China; (3) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China; (4) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China; (5) Shandong Xicheng Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 253600, China

Corresponding author: Li, Hongwen(lhwen@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-11

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Harvesting is the most crucial step of the whole potato production mechanization process, and the most challenging issue is to separate potato, soil and impurity thoroughly and meanwhile control the damage rate and bruising rate of potato. It is widely recognized that there exists some unsatisfactory separation effect problems like higher bruising rate and damage rate and lower exposed rate during the process of mechanical potato harvest. To solve these problems, based on the technology of potato-impurity separation with 2 segment of high frequency and low amplitude vibration separation, potato seedling separation and side conveying and low position laying, a new potato harvester was improved through setting low position laying segment and potato-impurity separation device with buffer sieve. The potato harvester was consisted of digging parts, soil loosening and depth control wheel, cutting device of soil and seedling, separation sieve, vibration adjustment device, device of potato and seedling separation, device of side conveying of seedling, low position laying device and compaction leveling device. In that way, it can reduce the drop height effectively and benefit for potato-impurity separating and potato-seeding separating during the process of mechanical potato harvest. As such, the field harvesting experiments were carried out, when the harvesting speed was 0.88 m/s, the effects of the inclination angle of buffer sieve on the kinematic characteristics of potato and seedling were analyzed when the inclination angle of buffer sieve was 27°, 36° and 45°, and the better inclination angle of buffer sieve 36° was selected. At the meantime, the results showed that peak impact acceleration produced by potatoes on the buffer sieve was relatively small, and the peak impact acceleration mainly came from the impact contact between potatoes and the separation sieve. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the low position laying device had a good performance to reduce drop impact, and to reduce the damage rate and bruising rate. The field harvesting experiments results showed that, the productivity was 0.41 and 0.54 hm2/h, the damage rate was 1.47% and 1.12%, and the bruising rate was 1.89% and 1.07%, respectively when the harvest speed was 0.88 and 1.16 m/s, the field harvesting experiment results and evaluation indeices met the requirements of relevant standards. The results also indicated the peak impact acceleration and impact number of potatoes were decreased with the increase of harvesting speed, which could effectively reduce the damage rate and bruising rate. However, the exposed rate decreased with the increase of harvesting speed, the main reason was the mixture of potato-impurity influxing into the separation sieve in unit time increased correspondingly, and soil worked as buffer in the process of potato-impurity separation with the increase of harvesting speed. On the contrary, the peak impact acceleration and impact time of potatoes were increased significantlyCompared with the potatoes located in the middle of the ridge on the separation sieve, it was easy to produce the larger peak impact acceleration when potatoes located on the separation sieve corresponding to the edge position of potato ridge, it was mainly due to the relatively weak soil buffering and protection for potatoes at this location, so the probability of direct contact between potatoes and rods was greater. This research may provide a technical reference for further study on the loss reduction control method of potato-impurity separation and the optimization and improvement of potato-impurity separation process. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Separation

Controlled terms: Acceleration  -  Agricultural machinery  -  Drops  -  Harvesters  -  Harvesting  -  Sieves  -  Soils  -  Speed  -  Vibrations (mechanical)

Uncontrolled terms: Control methods  -  Harvest quality  -  High frequency HF  -  Impurity separation  -  Inclination angles  -  Kinematic characteristics  -  Potato  -  Potato harvesters

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.07e+00%, Percentage 1.12e+00%, Percentage 1.47e+00%, Percentage 1.89e+00%, Velocity 1.16e+00m/s, Velocity 8.80e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Process parameter optimization and equipment development of thermophilic aerobic fermentation of dead pigs

Accession number: 20192307019523

Title of translation:

Authors: Tan, Hequn (1, 2); Nie, Jie (1, 2); Wan, Peng (1, 2); Fu, Hao (1, 2); Li, Xinan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 262-268

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Carcass of dead pigs can be converted into dry granular materials rapidly by aerobic fermentation at 50 to 70 after adding fermentation strains into the mixture of pig carcass and auxiliary materials such as wheat bran. In order to optimize the fermentation process parameters and improve the quality of fermentation, a laboratory rapid aerobic fermentation system together with heating device was adopted in this study to process the stillbirth pigs. In the experiments, ventilation rate and fermentation temperature were selected as experimental factors and the mass fraction of total free amino acid (FAA), moisture content, particle size distribution and pH value of the products were selected as experimental indexes. The fermentation temperature was set at 50, 60 and 70 and the ventilation rate was set at 8, 9 and 10 L/(Lmin). One pig stillbirth (1.5-2.2 kg) was selected in each experiment. The frozen pig carcass were divided into blocks of about 5 cm with a chainsaw, and then ground in a meat mincer. The carcass pieces were weighed and mixed with appropriate amount of bran to achieve a weight ratio of the bran to the carcass of 1:1.5 (dry-based ratio under bran moisture content of 9% and carcass moisture content of 75%, equivalent to a wet base ratio of about 1:5.5). After mixing, fermentation strains were added to attain strain weight: pig weight of 1:25 (dry-based ratio, or 1:100 for wet-based ratio assuming the strain moisture content of 10% and carcass moisture content 75%). The moisture content of mixed materials was about 65%, the pH value was about 6.55, and the mass fraction of FAA was 6.0 g/kg. In the controlled experiments with different fermentation temperatures, the ventilation rate was 8 L/(L•min). In order to keep the moisture content of fermentation materials within the appropriate range to maintain microbial activities during the fermentation process, the moisture content was adjusted to 65% by adding water after every 24 hours of fermentation. The results showed that the moisture content of fermented materials decreased by 8-11, 24-27 and 40-50 percentage at 50, 60 and 70 , respectively. The mass fractions of FAA in fermented materials after 3 days of fermentation were 18.51, 16.62 and 9.42 g/kg, and the passing rates of 4.75 mm braided sieve were 57.40%, 83.95% and 83.44% respectively. In the control experiments with different ventilation rates, the fermentation temperatures were 60 . The results showed that when the ventilation rate was 8, 9 and 10 L/(L•min), the moisture contents of the fermentation materials after fermentation for 3 days were 11%, 8.5% and 5%, the mass fraction of FAA was 13.18, 16.62, and 21.41 g/kg, respectively. The 4.75 mm woven sieve passing rate was more than 70%, which could reach 84.4% when the ventilation rate was 10 L/(L•min). Comprehensive analysis showed that the treatment effect was best when the fermentation temperature was 60 and the ventilation rate was 10 L/(L•min). Based on the above results of processing technology, a thermophilic aerobic fermentation equipment with a processing capacity of 150 kg per batch for dead pigs was designed and developed. This equipment was tested under a ventilation rate of 10 L/(L•min) and the fermentation temperature of 60 . After 3 days of fermentation, the FAA mass fraction in the products was 20.74 g/kg with the moisture content of about 14% and the pH value of 5.4. Moreover, 88.89% of the products could pass the braided sieve of 4.75 mm diameter and Escherichia coli were not detected in the products. The energy consumption of the equipment was 2.37 kWh per kg of dead pigs. The experimental results showed that the equipment could transform the dead pigs in the frozen state into dry particle materials in 3 days, and the treated products could meet the requirements of subsequent organic fertilizer production. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Fermentation

Controlled terms: Amino acids  -  Energy utilization  -  Escherichia coli  -  Fertilizers  -  Mammals  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Particle size  -  Particle size analysis  -  pH   -  Process control  -  Sieves  -  Strain  -  Ventilation

Uncontrolled terms: Aerobic fermentation  -  Comprehensive analysis  -  Dead pig  -  Fermentation temperature  -  Free amino acids  -  Harmless treatments  -  Process parameter optimization  -  Processing technologies

Classification code: 525.3 Energy Utilization  -  643.5 Ventilation  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 8.22e-03yr, Mass 1.50e+00kg to 2.20e+00kg, Mass 1.50e+02kg, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 8.34e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.44e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Percentage 8.89e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Size 4.75e-03m, Size 5.00e-02m, Time 8.64e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Properties and mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption from waste water by modified banana peel

Accession number: 20192307019524

Title of translation: Cd

Authors: Ping, Wei (1); Wu, Yan (1); Yang, Chunxia (1); Xin, Qian (1); Wang, Xiang (1); Li, Ling (1); Zhang, Min (1); Jiang, Xinchen (1); Liu, Li (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Georges University, Chongqing; 404100, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Yan(wuyan19850827@hotmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 269-279

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to explore the method of preparing green adsorption material from agricultural biomass to treat waste-water containing Cd2+, the banana peel was modified by NaOH to adsorb Cd2+. The condition of modification and adsorption process were discussed through static adsorption experiment combined with isotherm (involve Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and D-R) and kinetics models (involve First-order, Pseudo Second-order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion). The surface structure and properties were characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), element analyzer (EA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), which were used to explore the mechanism of modification and adsorption. The results of optimized modification conditions showed that NaOH was 0.25 mol/L, modification time was 30 min. Static adsorption experiment showed that adsorption capacity of modified banana peel reached 87.15 mg/g and the Equilibrium time reached 45 min. The results showed that under the same conditions, the dosage of 4 g/L and the pH value of 6 were better than those of unmodified banana peel (adsorption capacity = 37.61 mg/g, equilibrium time = 60 min). BET specific surface area and pore size analysis confirmed that the specific surface area and total pore volume increased 108 times and 3.6 times respectively after modification. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface became uneven and wrinkled after modification. The changes mentioned above were conducive for Cd2+ to enter the interior of the material along through diffusion,thus contacting and reacting fully with adsorbent. According to the change of element composition, the H/C ratio of the modified banana peel decreased from 0.158 to 0.102, while the K content decreased by 4.38 percentage points, while the Na content increased by 1.55 percentage points after the modification, indicating the exchange reaction between K and Na. Furthermore, FTIR denoted active functional groups such as O-H (3 320 cm-1), C-H (2 910 cm-1), C=O (1 600 cm-1), C-C (1 390 cm-1), C-O (1 020 cm-1) were found on the surfaces of banana peel whether modified or not, indicated good adsorption potential for Cd2+. The results showed that the isothermal adsorption and adsorption kinetics of banana peel under different modification conditions were described by Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order model, respectively. The results showed that Cd2+ ions were adsorbed by unmodified and modified banana peel through a single layer membrane, and the mechanism of Cd2+ was complex interaction of physical and chemical factors. Freundlich, D-R isotherm model and Elovich kinetic fitting results showed that banana peel had a strong affinity for Cd2+and the adsorption capacity was enhanced after modification. Combined with characterization and model analysis, it was concluded that the adsorptive mechanism of raw banana for Cd2+ was multiple, including ion exchange/ligand exchange, cation-π and electrostatic interaction, while the adsorptive mechanism of modified banana peel for Cd2+ was ion exchange. The results showed that NaOH modified banana peel had good adsorbability for Cd2+ in aqueous solution. This conclusion will provide an important theoretical basis for the preparation of environmental friendly adsorbents from lignocellulose biomass to remove heavy metals from polluted water. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 55

Main heading: Cadmium compounds

Controlled terms: Adsorption  -  Adsorption isotherms  -  Biomass  -  Chemicals removal (water treatment)  -  Driers (materials)  -  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy  -  Fruits  -  Heavy metals  -  Ion exchange  -  Ions   -  Kinetics  -  Metal analysis  -  Pore size  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Specific surface area  -  Spectrometers  -  Surface structure  -  Wastewater treatment  -  Water pollution

Uncontrolled terms: Banana peels  -  BET specific surface area  -  Brunauer-emmett-teller surface areas  -  Cd^2+  -  Energy dispersive spectrometers  -  Fourier transform infrared spectrometer  -  Modification  -  Pseudo-second order model

Classification code: 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  453 Water Pollution  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  741.3 Optical Devices and Systems  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 4.00e+00kg/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.50e+02mol/m3, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 2.70e+03s, Time 3.60e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Mechanism of retrogradation enhancement of maize amylose and amylopectin by phycocyanin and its hydrolysate

Accession number: 20192307019530

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Xueqing (1); Jiang, Rongxia (1); Guo, Zhipeng (1); Lian, Xijun (1); Guo, Junjie (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin; 300134, China

Corresponding author: Lian, Xijun(lianliu2002@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 324-334

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Phycocyanin is a kind of dark blue powder isolated from spirulina and has a variety of health functions of anti-cancer, blood cell regeneration, etc. In order to widen its application in food, phycocyanin and its hydrolysis are added into maize amylose/amylopectin paste during retrogradation, it has been found that they can promote the retrogradation of amylose/amylopectin. In order to further explore its mechanism of promoting the retrogradation of maize starch, the effects of contents of phycocyanin or its hydrolysate in maize amylose/amylopectin on retrogradation rate were determined, and the method of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared and solid nuclear magnetic analysis were used. The results showed that phycocyanin hydrolyzate promoted maize amylose retrogradation more obviously than that of phycocyanin. 10% addition of phycocyanin hydrolyzate could make maize amylose retrogradation rate increase from 27% to 76.9%, 184.8% higher. Phycocyanin promoted the retrogradation of maize amylopectin more pronouned than its hydrolysate, 10% addition of phycocyanin let maize amylopectin retrogradation rate increase from 26.7% to 45.3%, which increased by 69.6%. According to the UV-visible scanning, phycocyanin hydrolysis co cause the phycocyanin pigment in the center of phycocyanin to be exposed. X-ray results indicated that addition of phycocyanin to maize amylopectin induced a sharper peak at 2θ is 16.60º, as well as that mixture of phycocyanin hydrolysate and maize amylose caused a same sharper one at 2θ is 16.44º. Compared to diffraction angles of retrograded maize amylose/amylopectin, the decrease of sharp diffraction angle in those mixtures supported that interplanar distance at this angle became larger. DSC results demonstrated that mixture of phycocyanin and maize amylopectin, or mixture of phycocyanin hydrolysate and maize amylose, which both promoted retrogradation greatly, both caused the presence of re-crystallization peaks and loss of crystallization peaks. In other words, more phycocyanin/hydrolysate chains and maize amylose/amylopectin with similar length involved in retrogradation. Such process should deal with unwinding of maize amylose/amylopectin. The results of infrared and 13C solid NMR showed that phycocyanin might be hydrolyzed into arginine-rich polypeptide with hydrophilic, polysaccharides and polypeptide with hydrophobic. The mechanism for phycocyanin to promote retrogradation of maize amylopectin was that the formation of hydrogen bond between the arginine amino acid of phycocyanin and aldehyde of reduction end in maize amylopectin, and water molecule of maize amylopectin being driving away from the side chain end by phycocyanin hydrophobic amino acid, promoted the end of the chain-branched starch double helix spin, accelerate the formation of hydrogen bond between the end chains of amylopectin, which lead to improve retrogradation rate of maize amylopectin. The mechanism for phycocyanin hydrolysate to increase retrogradation rate of maize amylose was that the hydrogen bond formed between the sulfydryl of cysteine in phycocyanin hydrolyzate and aldehyde of reduction end in maize amylose during retrogradation of mixture, then the double helix of amylose was unlocked by molecular swinging, which greatly promoted the formation of hydrogen bond between amylose and improved the retrogradation rate of amylose. This study provides a new technique to improve the retrogradation rate of maize starch. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Cyclodextrins

Controlled terms: Agricultural products  -  Aldehydes  -  Amino acids  -  Amylopectins  -  Arginine  -  Differential scanning calorimetry  -  Hydrogen bonds  -  Hydrolysis  -  Hydrophobicity  -  Mixtures   -  Molecules  -  Nuclear magnetic resonance  -  Reduction  -  Starch

Uncontrolled terms: Diffraction angle  -  Health functions  -  Hydrophobic amino acids  -  Interplanar distance  -  ITS applications  -  Magnetic analysis  -  Phycocyanin  -  Water molecule

Classification code: 801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics  -  944.6 Temperature Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.85e+02%, Percentage 2.67e+01% to 4.53e+01%, Percentage 2.70e+01% to 7.69e+01%, Percentage 6.96e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Effect of vibration parameters of vibrating screen for harvester on adhesion characteristics of threshed mixtures with different moistures

Accession number: 20192307019497

Title of translation:

Authors: Cheng, Chao (1, 2); Fu, Jun (1, 2); Chen, Zhi (2, 3); Ren, Luquan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (3) China National Machinery Industry Corporation, Beijing; 100080, China

Corresponding author: Fu, Jun(fu_jun@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 29-36

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Rice is one of the three major grain crops in China. Cleaning is one of the most important processes in rice harvesting, and the performance of vibrating screen and vibrating board has significant effect on cleaning operation. However, rice has high moisture content during harvest, its surface is moist and sticky, and it is easy to stick to vibrating screen and vibrating board. Therefore, it is great significance to study the effect of vibration parameters on interface adhesion characteristics of rice threshed mixture. In this paper, a linear vibration tested was designed and checked. The sieve substrate was made of 304 stainless steel. 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures with different moisture content were selected as test objects, The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with low moisture content was 18.76%, 54.68% and 32.18% respectively. The moisture content of grain, straw and impurity in threshed mixtures with high moisture content was 24.56%, 79.04% and 47.73% respectively. Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and vibration angle were selected as test factors, and adhesion in unit area was used as test index. Through single factor test, the influence law of each factor on the test index was analyzed, and the better level of each factor was determined, that is the vibration amplitude was 40-60 mm, the vibration frequency was 5-7 Hz, the vibration angle was 40°-60°. Then, the design and analysis of orthogonal test were carried out in this paper, the mathematical models for test index of 2 kinds of threshed mixture with different moisture content and the order of main and secondary factors affecting the test index were obtained. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content in descending order was the vibration angle, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency. The influence of vibration parameters on the adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture content in descending order was the vibration frequency, vibration angle and vibration amplitude. The interaction between vibration amplitude and vibration frequency was found, and the response surface analysis was carried out. The trend of the response surface of 2 kinds of threshed mixture was basically same. The influence of moisture content on the adhesion characteristics of threshed mixture was obtained. Through the comparison test of 2 kinds of rice threshed mixtures, it was found that moisture content was an important condition that affected the interface adhesion properties, and the higher the moisture content, the more serious the adhesion was. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with low moisture content was that the vibration amplitude was 60 mm, the vibration frequency was 6 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. The optimum parameter combination for adhesion in unit area of threshed mixtures with high moisture was that the amplitude was 50 mm, the vibration frequency was 7 Hz, and the vibration angle was 50°. Verification test results showed that the regression model was reliable and the relative error was less than 10%. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Vibration analysis

Controlled terms: Acoustic wave absorption  -  Adhesion  -  Cleaning  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Harvesters  -  Mechanization  -  Mixtures  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Regression analysis   -  Surface analysis  -  Surface properties  -  Testing  -  Vibrating screens

Uncontrolled terms: 304 stainless steel  -  Adhesion characteristic  -  Different moisture contents  -  Effect of vibration  -  High moisture contents  -  Response surface analysis  -  Vibration  -  Vibration parameters

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  605.1 Small Tools, Powered  -  751.1 Acoustic Waves  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 5.00e+00Hz to 7.00e+00Hz, Frequency 6.00e+00Hz, Frequency 7.00e+00Hz, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.88e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Percentage 3.22e+01%, Percentage 4.77e+01%, Percentage 5.47e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Size 4.00e-02m to 6.00e-02m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Spatiotemporal dynamics of land and water resources matching of cultivated land use based on micro scale in Naoli River Basin

Accession number: 20192307019514

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Ying (1); Lei, Guoping (1); Zhang, Hongqiang (2); Lin, Jia (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Land Management, Northeastern University, Shenyang; 110169, China; (2) Institute of Natural Resources and Ecology, Heilongjiang Academy Science, Harbin; 150040, China

Corresponding author: Lei, Guoping(guopinglei@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 185-194

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Water and soil are the core of cultivated land use. Their matching in space and time is closely related with sustainable use of cultivated land and grain security. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of land and water resources matching of cultivated land use based on micro scale in Naoli River Basin. The crop evapotranspiration was calculated as the index of cultivated land water demand. The available water supply was calculated based on water balance equation in dryland and paddy field. The data of cultivated land use during main growing stages of crops (corn and rice) were derived from Landsat TM/OLI. Meteorological and crop growth data were from local meteorological stations. From the perspective of supply and demand, a land and water resources matching index model was built. The research unit of 30 m by 30 m grid was used to quantitatively analyze spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of water demand, available water supply and land and water resources matching index of cultivated land in the whole crop growing stage and different crop growing stages from 2000 to 2015, which was based on the comprehensive consideration of factors such as regional climate and water resource change, planting structure adjustment, the difference in available water supply between dry and paddy field, and the difference of water demand of cultivated land in different crop growing stages. The results showed that: 1) Cultivated land in the study area continued to increase. Its area increased by 15.79% from 2000 to 2015. The proportion of paddy field in the total cultivated land increased to 36.28% in 2015 from 22.70% in 2000 and the proportion of dryland in the total cultivated land decreased to 63.72% in 2015 from 77.30% in 2000. The increased paddy field was mainly distributed in the west of the middle reaches and lower reaches of Naoli River Basin. 2) The water demand and available water supply of cultivated land use in the whole crop growing stage and each crop growing stage all showed upward trend, except that water demand fluctuated around 2.92×109 m3 in the early crop growing stage and available water supply decreased in the late crop growing stage. 3) The variation range of land and water resources matching index of cultivated land use increased but mainly distributed below 0.45 in the whole crop growing stage, the degree of land and water resources matching increased and its differentiation enhanced in the study area. The change of land and water resources matching index in each crop growing stage was complex and it showed obvious periodic characteristics taking 2010 as a boundary, land and water resources matching index of cultivated land increased slowly in early and middle crop growing stages while decreased rapidly in late crop growing stage from 2000 to 2010, and the land and water resources matching index of cultivated land use increased rapidly in early and middle crop growing stage while decreased slowly in late crop growing stage from 2010 to 2015. 4) Under the influence of the structure and distrubution of cultivated land use, the spatial dynamic change of water demand, available water supply, land and water resources matching index of cultivated land use in Naoli River Basin were all characteristiced with high values transfering and expanding from the eastern middle reaches to the western middle reaches and the lower reaches. The study will provide valuble information for efficient utility of cultivated land and water resources in Naoli River Basin. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Cultivation

Controlled terms: Climate change  -  Crops  -  Dynamics  -  Economics  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Land use  -  Rivers  -  Water resources  -  Water supply  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Crop evapotranspiration  -  Crop growing stages  -  Meteorological station  -  River basins  -  Spatio-temporal dynamics  -  Spatiotemporal distributions  -  Structure adjustments  -  Water balance equation

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 2.27e+01%, Percentage 3.63e+01%, Percentage 6.37e+01%, Percentage 7.73e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Motion planning of citrus harvesting manipulator based on informed guidance point of configuration space

Accession number: 20192307019504

Title of translation:

Authors: Ma, Jitong (1); Wang, Yi (1, 2); He, Yu (1); Wang, Kai (1); Zhang, Yitan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing; 400054, China; (2) School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing; 400044, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Yi(wangyi_cqut@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 100-108

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Harvesting robot is the representative of agricultural intellectualization. In the process of citrus harvesting, the manipulator sometimes needs to go deep into the canopy to harvest citrus. Many branches inside the canopy often form a closed polygon channel. Compared with single branch obstacle, the closed polygon obstacle is more difficult to avoid and it takes longer time to plan trajectory for obstacle avoidance. In order to solve this problem, an off-line configuration space mapping method is proposed in this paper, which can reduce the dimension and visualize the high-dimensional configuration space. The first three joints which have great influence on the manipulator are mainly considered, and the impact of the latter three joints on obstacle avoidance also taken into account, thus reducing the information lost in the process of dimension reduction. The visualization of configuration space for crawler chassis and obstacles has certain guiding significance for the later planning algorithm analysis. The topological properties of closed polygonal obstacles in configuration space are analyzed. The projection of closed polygonal obstacles in configuration space can be simplified into upper and lower parts. The upper and lower parts will be partially connected. The middle part is what the cavity is connected with the outside non-collision configuration space, with only two openings. If the end position of the manipulator is located in the cavity (the manipulator extends into the closed polygon), it can only pass through the upper and lower openings. According to this property, the bidirectional fast extended random tree algorithm (RRT-connect) is improved, and an RRT-connect algorithm with informed guidance point (IGPRRT-connect) based on prior knowledge guidance points in configuration space is proposed. The algorithm searches for narrow-channel guidance points in configuration space according to the topological properties of closed polygons and applies the bridge test algorithm to find the correct narrow-channel. Planning from the guiding point to the starting point and the end point respectively greatly speeds up the planning speed of the RRT-connect algorithm in a closed polygon environment. Taking the square box obstacle as an example, the simulation results show that RRT is faster than IGPRRT-connect when the side length is larger than 40 cm, while less than 40 cm, the IGPRRT-connect has advantages as follows: it takes 1.7 s and 1.2 s for RRT-connect and IGPRRT-connect algorithm respectively to motion planning for the obstacle with side length of 35 cm; that of 3.1 s and 1.6 s respectively for side length of 30 cm; when the edge length is reduced to 25 cm, the planning time for RRT-connect algorithm is as high as 18.1 s, while that of IGPRRT-connect is only 2.6 s, which decreases by 86%. At the same time, simulation experiments are carried out under different shapes of obstacles. The results show that IGPRRT-connect algorithm often takes less time than RRT-connect in closed polygon environment. Because IGPRRT-connect algorithm spends a lot of time in searching for non-existent boot configurations in unclosed polygon environment, RRT-connect algorithm performs better than IGPRRT-connect algorithm in unclosed polygon environment. In order to solve the problem of IGPRRT-connect algorithm in unclosed polygon environment, parallel programming for RRT-connect and IGPRRT-connect is carries out in this paper, and two threads are created: one thread runs RRT-connect algorithm and the other thread runs IGPRRT-connect algorithm. When one thread completes the planning, both threads stop completely and output the planned path, thus avoiding the artificial choice of which algorithm to use, which improves the intelligence of the harvesting robot. Parallel programming is beneficial to simplify the program solution: it is not needed to write the algorithm to judge whether RRT-connect or IGPRRT-connect should be used in the current environment. Simulation results show that the parallel algorithm performs well in various environments. Finally, an indoor obstacle avoidance experiment is carried out using parallel algorithm on the prototype of Citrus harvesting robot. In the experiment, the average planning time in the closed polygon obstacle environment is 1.431 s, the successful rate of obstacle avoidance is 88%, while that in the unclosed polygon obstacle environment are 1.064 s and 94%. The experimental results show that the IGPRRT-connect algorithm proposed in this paper has a good obstacle avoidance effect on both closed and unclosed obstacles, which is of great significance to the research of Citrus harvesting robot. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Robot programming

Controlled terms: Collision avoidance  -  Geometry  -  Harvesting  -  Intelligent robots  -  Manipulators  -  Motion planning  -  Parallel algorithms  -  Parallel programming  -  Robots  -  Topology   -  Trees (mathematics)  -  Wave functions

Uncontrolled terms: Citrus harvesting  -  Configuration space  -  Dimension reduction  -  Guiding significances  -  Line configuration  -  Planning algorithms  -  RRT-connect  -  Topological properties

Classification code: 723.1 Computer Programming  -  731.5 Robotics  -  731.6 Robot Applications  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Time 1.06e+00s, Time 1.20e+00s, Time 1.43e+00s, Time 1.60e+00s, Time 1.70e+00s, Time 2.60e+00s, Time 3.10e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Hydraulic performance of drip irrigation system with branch and lateral pipes installed jet-pulse tee

Accession number: 20192307019508

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Xinkun (1); Xue, Zilong (1); Xiao, Siqiang (1); Fan, Erdong (1); Xu, Shengrong (1); Wang, Xuan (1); Zhang, Chenxi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 134-139

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Drip irrigation has the problems of easy blockage and low irrigation uniformity under low head (less than 10 m). Pulse drip irrigation technology can generate periodic and turbulent pulsed flow, which is beneficial to improve the anti-blockage ability and irrigation uniformity of the emitter. In order to analyze the influence of pulsed flow on the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation system, a branch jet-pulse tee was designed based on the principle of wall attachment and switching of jet, and a combined test with lateral jet-pulse tee was carried out. A total 4 irrigation districts were constructed according to different combinations, of which the branch and lateral pipe tees of No. I irrigation district were both jet-pulse tees; in No.II irrigation district, the branch pipe was jet-pulse tee and the lateral pipe was ordinary jet tee; in No. III irrigation district, the branch pipe was ordinary jet tee and the lateral pipe was jet-pulse tee; and the branch and lateral pipe tees of No. IV irrigation district were both ordinary jet tees. In irrigation district, the length of lateral pipe was 60 m, and the inlet head of branch tee was set to 9.5, 12, 14 and 15.5 m, respectively. Turbine flowmeter was installed at branch pipe tee outlet and lateral pipe tee inlet to record branch pipe tee outlet flow rate and lateral pipe tee inlet flow rate, respectively. The flow rate was the difference between the initial value and the final value in the flowmeter test. The high-speed camera captured the oscillation of pressure gauge pointer of lateral jet-pulse tee outlet to record pulse frequency and maximum pressure. Head loss was the difference between the inlet pressure of branch tee and the maximum outlet pressure of lateral pipe tee. The results showed that the total flow rate of No. I irrigation district was the smallest and the dripper flow rate was less than the rated value (2.7 L/h) because the No. I irrigation district with jet-pulse tees installed in both branch and lateral pipes had intermittent pulsed flow. The pressure and flow rate at the outlet of branch tee followed power function relationships with the fitting degree higher than 0.96 and the root mean square error smaller than 28 L/h. The irrigation uniformity coefficient of irrigation system in No. I irrigation districts ranged from 95.88% to 98.56%, which was higher than the other 3 irrigation districts by 1.02%-4.43% respectively. The flow deviation rate ranged from 8.35% to 15.14% in No. I irrigation districts, which was lower than the others by 0.46%-5.72%. It proves that the irrigation uniformity of No. I irrigation districts is the best. In No. I, II and III irrigation districts, the pulse frequency of branch and lateral pipe jets increased with the increase of the inlet head. Head loss from branch tee inlet to lateral pipe tee outlet in No. I irrigation district was 0.9-1.6 m under different branch pipe tee inlet heads, which was not significantly different from the other systems. The results of this study will contribute to the selection of the optimal combination mode of branch pipe tee and lateral pipe tee in irrigation district, and provide valuable information for the research, development and application of jet technology in pulsed drip irrigation system. In the future research, it is necessary to test the loss along the lateral pipe, observe the distribution of pressure, flow rate and pulse performance in the lateral pipe, and further evaluate the uniformity and anti-clogging ability of irrigation. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Flow measurement  -  Flow rate  -  Flowmeters  -  High speed cameras  -  Hydraulic motors  -  Mean square error  -  Pipe  -  Pressure  -  Pulsatile flow

Uncontrolled terms: Head loss  -  Hydraulic performance  -  Lateral pipes  -  Pulse frequencies  -  Uniformity

Classification code: 619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  943.1 Mechanical Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.02e+00% to 4.43e+00%, Percentage 4.60e-01% to 5.72e+00%, Percentage 8.35e+00% to 1.51e+01%, Percentage 9.59e+01% to 9.86e+01%, Size 1.00e+01m, Size 1.40e+01m, Size 1.55e+01m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 9.00e-01m to 1.60e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Selection of tomato seedling index based on comprehensive morphology and leaf chlorophyll content

Accession number: 20192307019520

Title of translation:

Authors: Gong, Binbin (1); Wang, Ning (1); Zhang, Tiejun (2); Wu, Xiaolei (1); Lü, Guiyun (1); Chu, Xinpei (1); Gao, Hongbo (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Modern Education Technology Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China

Corresponding author: Gao, Hongbo(hongbogao@hebau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 237-244

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In this study, we aimed to establish an optimal index model of tomato seedlings to improve the accuracy of seedlings evaluation. Based on the determination of eleven individual indicators such as plant height, stem circumference, root-shoot ratio (Fresh), plant fresh weight, root-shoot ratio (Dry), plant dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD of about 300 tomato seedlings with three leaves, according to the seedling standard, the membership function formula of each index was established and the single factor evaluation matrix was calculated. The weight coefficient matrix was calculated according to multiple linear regression. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to multiply the single factor evaluation matrix and the weight coefficient matrix to calculate the comprehensive evaluation matrix and establish a comprehensive evaluation index of tomato seedlings. This index can stably and accurately evaluate tomato seedlings, but the calculation was relatively complicated. Therefore, a simple and effective seedling model was needed instead of the comprehensive evaluation index. Then the principal component analysis was used to screen the indicators and combine them into index model of tomato seedlings. After that, the suitable model was selected through the correlation analysis between the comprehensive evaluation index and seedling index model. Finally, the optimal model was selected based on the verification of suitable model using industrialized nursery seedlings of three different tomato varieties. The results showed that the weight coefficients of each indicator such as plant height, stem circumference, root-shoot ratio (Fresh), plant fresh weight, root-shoot ratio (Dry), plant dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD of tomato seedlings were 0.180, 0.085, 0.098, 0.076, 0.103, 0.078, 0.070, 0.070, 0.070, 0.072, and 0.097, respectively. And the index was divided into three subordinate functions: parabola, positive S and straight line. The parabola included plant height, the positive S included stem circumference, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight, and the straight line included root-shoot ratio (Fresh), root-shoot ratio (Dry), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD. The comprehensive evaluation index of tomato seedlings was calculated to be 0.26-0.79, which could comprehensively summarize the overall quality of seedlings as well as objectively and accurately evaluate the robustness degree of seedlings. The eleven individual indicators of seedlings could be divided into three principal components, including morphological indicators, pigment indicators and plant height. The morphological indicators included stem circumference, root-shoot ratio (Fresh), plant fresh weight, root-shoot ratio (Dry) and plant dry weight. The pigment indicators included chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD. Plant height was divided into one component. Twenty-five seedlings index models were combined using one indicator from each principal component and taking (stem circumference/plant height) × whole plant dry weight and (stem circumference/plant height + root dry weight/dry weight of the ground) × whole plant dry weight as the control group, furthermore, four suitable models such as (chlorophyll a/plant height) × whole plant dry weight, (total chlorophyll / plant height) × whole plant dry weight, (carotenoid/plant height) × whole plant dry weight and (SPAD/plant height) × whole plant dry weight were selected due to the high correlation and representativeness. According to the model verification results of three different tomato varieties, (chlorophyll a / plant height) × whole plant dry weight and (total chlorophyll/plant height) × whole plant dry weight were identified as the optimal models to evaluate the quality of tomato seedlings because of high correlation with the comprehensive evaluation index, good stability and representativeness. This result showed that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was good for assessment of tomato seedlings. According to the comprehensive evaluation index and cluster analysis of the selected seedling index model of tomato seedlings, the quality of tomato seedlings was divided into three grades, and the range of seedling index of different grades was given. The research can provide theoretical basis for tomato seedling production and also provide an optimized reference for evaluating quality of other vegetable seedlings. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Quality control

Controlled terms: Chlorophyll  -  Cluster analysis  -  Correlation methods  -  Fruits  -  Function evaluation  -  Fuzzy set theory  -  Linear regression  -  Matrix algebra  -  Membership functions  -  Morphology   -  Petroleum reservoir evaluation  -  Pigments  -  Plants (botany)  -  Principal component analysis  -  Seed

Uncontrolled terms: Comprehensive evaluation index  -  Comprehensive evaluation matrixes  -  Correlation analysis  -  Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation  -  Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method  -  Multiple linear regressions  -  Seedling index  -  Tomato

Classification code: 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Dynamic variation of soil moisture at different temporal scales in red soil sloping farmland under reverse-slope terrace

Accession number: 20192307019515

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Shuaibing (1, 2); Wang, Keqin (2); Song, Yali (2); Zhao, Yangyi (2); Li, Jiaxuan (2); Wang, Zhen (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China; (2) College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China

Corresponding author: Song, Yali(songyali19851205@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 195-205

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to study the effects of reverse-slope terrace on soil moisture changes at different temporal scales and the changes of dry and wet states in red soil slope farmland, the monitoring of the soil moisture were carried out by time domain reflectometer in 2 sloping farmland in central Yunnan Province. One was the sloping farmland with contour reverse-slope terrace, and the other one was the original sloping farmland. Soil moisture at depths of 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm was measured by buried waveguide, and soil moisture at depths of 5 and 20 cm was measured by straight insert waveguide. The monitoring period in this study was from January 1st, 2016 to December 31st, 2017. During this period, soil moisture was measured every 10 days in the dry season (January to April), every 3 days from the dry season to rainy season (May), every day in the rainy season (June to October), and every 3 days from the rainy season to dry season (November to December). The results showed that after the reverse-slope terrace was used, the soil moisture at different depths was significantly improved at annual scale. Effect of reverse-slope terrace on soil moisture were more obvious in dry years at the annual scale. The variable coefficient of soil moisture was higher at the surface soil, reaching about 50%. At the monthly scale, soil moisture followed an obvious “S” shape characteristic in July, September and November along the soil profile. Specifically, the “S” was more pronounced in July. After reverse-slope terrace was laid in sloping farmland, the soil moisture content of all soil layers had been significantly increased in each period. In particular, the effect on increasing of soil moisture was more obvious in May when soil moisture was replenished and in November when soil moisture was decreased. The variation degree of the daily soil moisture content in sloping farmland was decreased with soil depth increasing. There was a extremely significant correlation between daily soil moisture content and daily rainfall at 5, 20 and 40 cm of sloping farmland (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Soil moisture

Controlled terms: Drought  -  Drying  -  Farms  -  Moisture control  -  Moisture determination  -  Productivity  -  Rain  -  Reflectometers  -  Soil conservation  -  Soil surveys   -  Water conservation  -  Waveguides  -  Wetting

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productivity  -  Correlation coefficient  -  Moisture conservation  -  Reverse-slope terrace  -  Sloping farmlands  -  Temporal scale  -  Time-domain reflectometers  -  Variable coefficients

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  444 Water Resources  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  714.3 Waveguides  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  941.3 Optical Instruments  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.74e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 1.52e+01%, Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 1.62e+01%, Percentage 1.65e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 8.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Improved jet mixer injection nozzle enhancing pesticide mixing uniformity and dynamic concentration consistency

Accession number: 20192307019501

Title of translation:

Authors: Dai, Xiang (1); Xu, Youlin (1); Chen, Junyang (1); Zheng, Jiaqiang (1); Song, Haichao (1, 2); Ma, Luqiang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Industry Technology, Nanjing; 210023, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Youlin(youlinxu@njfu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 65-74

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The pesticide injections in nozzle direct injection system (NDIS) applied in plant protection machinery generally have flow-rate inconsistency characteristics, which cause fluctuations of mixing concentration and inaccuracy of spraying. The purposes in this study were to evaluate the inline mixing efficacy comprehensively based on index of dynamic inconsistency of the mixing concentration and the inline static mixing uniformity in NDIS. A new inline mixer known as the layered mixer (mixer B) with special structures (perforated tubes) to weaken concentration inconsistency and a traditional jet mixer (mixer A) were presented to carry out the direct injection and mixing experiments under variable working conditions. Moreover, image processing methods to quantify mixture concentration discontinuities based on calculating coefficient of variation (CV) values of mean pixels brightness in ROIs was proposed. Static mixing non-uniformity index to identify static mixing non-uniformity based on principal component analysis (PCA) was also proposed. These 2 indices were used to scientifically measure the inline mixing efficacy of the mixers. The relative differences between the calculation results of horizontal viewing and the vertical viewing images were only 2.86% for static mixing non-uniformity index values and 5.37% for CV values, indicating that the single horizontal viewing images could be used to obtain higher accuracy. The threshold of static mixing non-uniformity index for judging whether the mixture was uniform or non-uniform was set to be 13.00 as there weren’t non-scatted viscous pesticides remaining in the detection tube when the static mixing non-uniformity index values dropped below it. In addition, the threshold for determining the concentration consistency was set to be only 2% because there weren’t apparent brightness differences between ROIs at different moments when the CV values were less than it. The increase of carrier flow rate and the mixing ratios could generally improve the static uniformity and dynamic concentration consistency of inline mixing. However, when it was under the condition of a large mixing ratio, the static mixing uniformity of the jet mixer would decline due to the pesticide accumulation in the side wall of the jet mixer. The average static non-uniformity index of the proposed mixer here reduced from 16.70 to 14.76, and reduced to about 13.00 only when mixing ratios was higher than 9:100 and carrier flow rate was higher than 1400 m/min, which could achieve uniform mixing efficacy completely. Although it was difficult for the new mixer to guarantee high static mixing uniformity under all working conditions, it could still significantly improve the dynamic consistency of the mixing concentration under the pulsation injection conditions with the average CV value decreased from 0.039 to only 0.011. Moreover, when the working condition could meet the requirements of injection frequency higher than 5.10 Hz or the mixing ratios was higher than 5:100, the CV values would decline to 0.020, which could fully satisfy the dynamic consistency requirements. The linear correlations between the static uniformity and dynamic consistency of jet mixer and layered mixer were 0.848 and 0.684, respectively. Therefore, a more efficient inline pesticide mixer should be proposed especially when the pesticide injection pulse was strong. The independent sample test results showed that the optimization of the static uniformity of the proposed mixer was less than that of the concentration consistency, which indicates that the new mixer structure has significant concentration pulsation attenuation efficacy. To conclude, further optimization on static uniformity of the proposed mixer should be proposed. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Mixing

Controlled terms: Carrier concentration  -  Direct injection  -  Image processing  -  Luminance  -  Mixers (machinery)  -  Mixtures  -  Pesticides  -  Principal component analysis  -  Processing  -  Spray nozzles   -  Woolen and worsted yarn

Uncontrolled terms: Brightness difference  -  Coefficient of variation values  -  Dynamic consistencies  -  Image processing - methods  -  Injection frequencies  -  Mixture concentration  -  Plant protection  -  Static mixing

Classification code: 521 Fuel Combustion and Flame Research  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  819.1 Natural Fibers  -  913.4 Manufacturing  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 5.10e+00Hz, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 2.86e+00%, Percentage 5.37e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Change of farming radius of relocated villages and its influence in coal mining subsidence areas

Accession number: 20192307019526

Title of translation:

Authors: Chen, Jingping (1); Hu, Zhenqi (1, 2); Yuan, Dongzhu (1); Zhao, Huishun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou; 221116, China

Corresponding author: Hu, Zhenqi(huzq1963@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 287-295

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Huainan City is a typical city of the overlapped area of crop and coal production, and coal mining subsidence is typical in the country, this paper took the mining subsidence area of Huainan City as the research object, and discussed the change characteristics of the actual farming radius after village relocation in the subsidence area and its impact on agricultural production. It mainly studied the changes in the agricultural production convenience, the mode of labor and the enthusiasm of production activities caused by the change of farming radius, and the adverse effects brought by it. Firstly, based on regular “Equal” method, we calculated the spatial farm radius before and after the village relocation in the subsidence area from 2010 to 2015, which represented only the spatial distance and needs to be corrected. And then based on the DEM data of Huainan City, the relief amplitude of the study area was analyzed and the best statistical unit for calculating the relief amplitude value of Huainan City was determined, and the topographic correction coefficient of the farming radius of Huainan City was calculated based on the unit. According to the cultivated land area in the land ownership area, the regional reclamation index was calculated. Then, the topographic landform and agricultural land layout of the spatial farming radius was quantitatively corrected by using the topographic correction coefficient of the farming radius and reclamation index to obtain the actual farming radius, and the change characteristics of the actual farming radius after village relocation in subsided areas were analyzed. Finally, based on the calculation results of actual farming radius, combined with the field questionnaire survey, the impact of farming radius on agricultural production was analyzed from the aspects of farming convenience and agricultural labor, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. The results showed that: 1) the best statistical unit for extracting relief amplitude in Huainan City based on 30 m by 30 m GDEM DEM data was 120 m by 120 m, and the topographic correction coefficient of the farm radius of rural settlements was 1.052 based on the unit. 2) Due to the impact of coal mining, the ground collapsed, forming sporadic water accumulation areas, increasing the fragmentation of cultivated land and reducing the effective cultivated land ratio, therefore, the reclamation index of the land in which the village was relocated in 2015 was decreased compared to 2010. 3) Through the mathematical model of farming radius, the actual farming radius before and after the village relocation in the coal mining subsidence area was calculated, compared with the farming radius before relocation, the actual farming radius after the village relocation of the coal mining subsidence area had expanded by 1~20 times. Among the villages, those moved to Phoenix lake new village had the highest increase in the farming radius, increasing by 22 540.45 m. The villages relocated to Liulongxin village had the smallest increase in the farming radius, increasing by 914.05 m. 4) By converting actual farming distance into time, we compared the time before and after relocation for farming. Before relocation, it only took 9-24 minutes on foot for farming. However, after relocation it was 20-296 minutes, indicating that the time spent on the road has increased dramatically. In order to reduce the time spent on road, farmers have to update their transportation or reduce the number of round trips, which would directly lower the convenience of farmers farming and may weaken the enthusiasm of farmers in agricultural production activities. Through questionnaire survey, we found that the agricultural population had decreased after the relocation, and increasing farming radius led to more farmers give up agricultural production. The agricultural labor force gradually shifted to non-agricultural industries and towns, causing the farmland to be barren, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. 5) In order to reduce the adverse impact of increased farming radius on agricultural production, the local government and relevant departments should take corresponding measures: implementing effective and reasonable relocation of mining villages; increasing agricultural support; strengthening agricultural scale operation and accelerating agricultural mechanization production. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Rural areas

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Coal  -  Coal mines  -  Coal reclamation  -  Cutting machines (mining)  -  Land reclamation  -  Land use  -  Reclamation  -  Relocation  -  Roads and streets   -  Subsidence  -  Surveys

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural industries  -  Agricultural mechanization  -  Agricultural productions  -  Coal mining subsidences  -  Farming radius  -  Mining subsidence areas  -  Relief amplitude  -  Topographic correction coefficient

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  406.2 Roads and Streets  -  442.2 Land Reclamation  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  502.2 Mine and Quarry Equipment  -  503.1 Coal Mines  -  524 Solid Fuels  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.20e+02m, Size 3.00e+01m, Size 5.40e+02m, Size 9.14e+02m, Time 1.20e+03s to 1.78e+04s, Time 5.40e+02s to 1.44e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Reliability analysis and calibration environment of field crop NDVI measuring instruments

Accession number: 20192307019519

Title of translation: NDVI

Authors: Yang, Junsen (1, 2); Yang, Guijun (2); Xu, Bo (2); Zhang, Kaixuan (1); Yang, Xiaodong (2); Li, Zhenhai (2); Li, Heli (2); Yang, Hao (2); Han, Liang (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Geomatics, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin; 123000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture P. R. China, Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) College of Architecture and Geomatics Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong; 037003, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Guijun(guijun.yang@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 230-236

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is one of the vegetation indices (VI) most widely used. It is related to quite a few indices indicating crop growth, such as leaf area index (LAI), leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA), chlorophyll content and so on. Several researchers have developed various field crop NDVI measuring instruments to acquire NDVIs, which contains passive sensors and active sensors. Greenseeker, Crop Circle, CropSpec, RapidScan are in common use, and numerous researches are based on them. However, few domestic devices have been developed and corresponding researches haven’t, either. This study assessed the reliability of a novel field crop NDVI measuring instrument based on CropSense crop growth parameter meter (CropSense) together with spectral reflectance sensor (SRS) in varied illumination condition. Field crop NDVI measuring instruments are susceptible to illumination conditions, the height above the canopy and other factors, and it was supposed to detect the performance of sensors through radiometric calibration, which contains laboratory calibration and on-orbit calibration. Integrating sphere was mostly employed for traditional radiometric calibration on field crop NDVI measuring instruments. What was used as the calibration model was the functional relationship between the radiance of integrating sphere and the DN digital number of each channel fitted into the field crop NDVI measuring instruments. Nevertheless, it was found that deviations tended to increase after calibrated by the model built via indoor calibration in the outdoor measurement, with a decline of R2 from 0.997 1 at least of all the calibration model to 0.698 0 for CropSense and 0.877 3 for SRS. In order to deal with such problems, cross calibration method was proposed in this study for the field crop NDVI measuring instruments in the outdoors, with CropSense together with SRS to be calibrated and ASD FieldSpec 4 hyperspectral radiometer (ASD) as reference which can all gather NDVIs. NDVIs were obtained on several objects, referring to diffuse white reference panel, gray cloth, green cloth, blue cloth, cement pavement, naked soil and wheat in varied test periods from 5:30 to 18:30 in sunny days and from 5:30 to 15:00 in cloudy days. The functional relationship between NDVIs acquired through the sensor to be calibrated and ones measured by the reference sensor was taken as an outdoor calibration model to adjust the testing data of CropSense and SRS. Comparing the R2, RMSE and MAE got between field crop NDVI instruments and reference sensor before calibrated, the accuracy and the most suitable conditions for the field crop NDVI measuring instruments were determined. The results showed that RMSEs of NDVIs between CropSense and ASD were 0.074 5-0.104 9 and that between SRS and ASD were 0.026 8-0.054 3 during 6:00-18:00 in sunny days with light intensity from 6.4 to 92.3 klx, and 0.094 2-0.117 9 for CropSense and 0.029 9- 0.070 3 for SRS during 6:00-15:00 in cloudy days with light intensity from 5.2 to 10.8 klx. After calibrated by the model built through outdoor calibration, RMSEs were decreased by 37.1%-41.4% for CropSense and by 10.7%-31.5% for SRS in sunny days; RMSEs were decreased by 33.8%-48.3% for CropSense and by 48.7%-62.6% for SRS in cloudy days. At the same time, the light intensity and solar elevation angle have certain impacts on the accuracy of field crop NDVI measuring instruments. Within the conditions allowed for the instruments to be employed, the performance of the field crop NDVI measuring instruments improves with the increasement of the light intensity; and there is a slight fluctuation with the change of the solar elevation angle. However, the both factors, generally speaking, have no significant influence on the accuracy of the instruments, as long as they are utilized in the illumination conditions more than 5.2 klx. This research results provide a scientific calibration method and momentous reference for passive instruments of vegetation indices measurement. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Crops

Controlled terms: Light measurement  -  Radiometry  -  Reliability  -  Reliability analysis  -  Soil cement  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Light intensity  -  Measuring instruments  -  NDVI  -  Radiometric calibrations  -  Solar elevation

Classification code: 412 Concrete  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  941.4 Optical Variables Measurements  -  944.8 Radiation Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.07e+01% to 3.15e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01% to 4.83e+01%, Percentage 3.71e+01% to 4.14e+01%, Percentage 4.87e+01% to 6.26e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Land use optimization of plateau lake basin based on town-agriculture-ecological spatial coordination

Accession number: 20192307019527

Title of translation: --

Authors: Zhao, Xiaoqing (1); Li, Sinan (1); Tan, Kun (1); Miao, Peipei (1); Pu, Junwei (1); Lu, Feifei (1); Wang, Qian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming; 650500, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 296-307

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to understand the current situation of land use layout in the plateau lake basin and explore the optimal allocation of land use space in the plateau lake basin based on urban-agriculture-ecology coordination, the paper takes the Fuxian Lake Basin as an example, based on the 3S technology, and uses the MCR-CLUE-S model to study the structure and layout of town-agriculture-ecological space in 2030 under the four modes of urban construction scenario, cultivated land development scenario, ecological protection scenario and integrated optimization scenario in the Fuxian Lake Basin. Finally, the optimal allocation of land use space under the coordination of town-agriculture-ecological space in Fuxian Lake Basin is proposed. The results show: 1) From 2005 to 2015, in the Fuxian Lake Basin, the urban space is on the rise, the agricultural space is in a downward trend, and the ecological space is rising first and then decreasing. The spatial distribution pattern is basically the same in 10 years. 2) The paper selects important water source, lakeside wetland and large-scale natural forest land as protection sources, 8 resistance factors such as elevation and slope are selected. The minimum cumulative resistance model and the cumulative cost distance model are used to construct the ecological security pattern of the Fuxian Lake Basin, as well as the “source” core area, ecological protection area, ecological margin area, agricultural development area, agricultural fringe area and urban construction area which are conducive to ecological protection. 3) Taking the ecological functional partition area in the ecological security pattern as a constraint, based on the Markov model’s calculation of the number of land types, and simulating the town-agriculture-ecological space optimization layout in the urban construction scenario, agricultural development scenario and ecological protection scenario of the Fuxian Lake Basin in 2030 through the CLUE-S model. The urban construction scenario takes into account the current needs of life, and the development of the number and spatial structure of town-agriculture-ecological space led by the development of urban space under the guidance of policies; the agricultural development scenario controls the size of urban space and develops part of the ecological space potential; the area of agricultural space has decreased under the ecological protection scenario, and the urban space area has increased slightly. 4) In the 2030 comprehensive optimization scenario of the Fuxian Lake Basin, seven spatial types are classified according to different land functions: Urban space, agricultural space, ecological space, urban-agricultural space, urban-ecological space, agriculture-ecological space and town-agriculture-ecological space.There are large differences in various types of space: Agriculture - ecological space is minimal, ecological space is maximum. 5) By analyzing the advantages of regional development in four cases and combining with various factors such as cultivated land protection, ecological protection and socioeconomic development in the Fuxian Lake Basin, the study considers that the integrated scenario is more reasonable and more suitable for local development, while the other three single-element scenarios can complement and adjust the implementation of the integrated scenario. The research results provide reference for the decision-making of land space planning and ecological protection strategy in Fuxian Lake Basin. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 63

Main heading: Ecology

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Decision making  -  Economics  -  Lakes  -  Land use  -  Markov processes  -  Models  -  Regional planning  -  Slope protection  -  Urban planning

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural development  -  CLUE-S models  -  Comprehensive optimizations  -  Lake basins  -  Land-use optimization  -  Socio-economic development  -  Spatial distribution patterns  -  Town-agriculture-ecological space

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  912.2 Management  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.00e+01yr

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Design and test of soil preparation machine combined subsoiling, rotary tillage and soil breaking

Accession number: 20192307019499

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Jianguo (1); Wang, An (1); Ma, Yuejin (1); Li, Jianchang (1); Hao, Jianjun (1); Nie, Qingliang (1); Long, Sifang (1); Yang, Qiangfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 46-54

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to reduce tillage resistance, ameliorate the soil layer structure and improve soil breaking rate of soil crushing roller, a combined tillage machine which has function of subsoiling, rotary tillage and soil breaking was designed in this paper. The machine mainly consists of a fixed mount to connect the subsoiler, rotary and soil crushing roller with the machine frame, the self-excited vibration subsoiler breaks the bottom of the plow pan, the rotary tiller flattens the soil and further shreds the soil, the soil crushing roller further breaks the soil thus creating a seedbed suitable for plant growth. 2 major components of machine are optimized to solve the problem of large tillage resistance and poor soil breaking effect. Firstly, the self-excited vibration subsoiler with controllable penetration angle was designed, which can avoid the problem of poor drag reduction effect and stability of tillage depth when the penetration angle of subsoiler is too large. The subsoiler produces a vibration to loosen the soil to achieve the purpose of drag reduction because of resistance changes in soil operation. In addition, the penetration angle of subsoiler is controlled to a range to maintain the stability of subsoiling depth. To ensure the compression spring can not be tilted during the subsoiling operation, and considering the problem of large load and limited installation space, the combination spring is selected as the self-excited vibration spring. Through the kinematics and mechanical model of self-excited vibration subsoiler, the deflection is 15 mm and the minimum and maximum loads are 7 500 and 15 000 N respectively, then the parameters of the combined spring was determined. Secondly, in order to realize the secondary soil-broken function, a caged soil crushing roller was designed by staggered welding of rhombic soil-broken teeth on a cylindrical drum with clearance. The soil is first broken by the outside teeth of soil-broken tooth, and the large soil will enter the cylindrical drum inside through the gap and will broken under the action of inside teeth, which can’t adhere to the cylindrical drum. The caged soil crushing roller diameter and thickness of soil-broken teeth is calculated according to the design formula of the disc harrow. To study the drag reduction effect and tillage quality of self-excited vibration subsoiler, the experiment in the soil bin is carried out, and the field experiment of operation performance of the machine is carried out. The soil bin experiment results showed that the self-excited vibration subsoiler has obvious effect on drag reduction, and the average drag reduction is 9.22%, and the soil fluffy degree and disturbance coefficient is 26.16% and 77.21% respectively. The field experiment results showed that the stability coefficient of subsoiling depth, stability coefficient of depth of soil preparation, surface flatness, vegetation coverage and soil breaking rate is 94.92%, 92.50%, 1.17cm, 93.36% and 84.18% respectively. The soil breaking rate of ordinary soil crushing roller is 71.41%, which indicates that the caged soil crushing roller can effectively improve the soil breaking effect. Moreover, the caged soil crushing roller did not appear soil adhesion and congestion during the test. All parameters meet the requirements of the work quality standards. Therefore, the machine has obvious effect of reducing resistance and quality of the soil preparation. This study can provide a theoretical reference for further research of combined tillage machine of subsoiling and rotary. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Soil surveys

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Crushing  -  Cultivation  -  Design  -  Drag reduction  -  Machine design  -  Metal drawing  -  Problem solving  -  Rollers (machine components)  -  Soils   -  Stability  -  Vibrations (mechanical)

Uncontrolled terms: Compression springs  -  Operation performance  -  Rotary tillages  -  Self-excited vibrations  -  Soil crushing  -  Stability coefficient  -  Subsoiling  -  Vegetation coverage

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  535.2 Metal Forming  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Force 1.50e+04N, Force 7.50e+03N, Percentage 2.62e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 8.42e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+00%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.49e+01%, Size 1.17e-02m, Size 1.50e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Real-time vehicle detection and tracking based on enhanced Tiny YOLOV3 algorithm

Accession number: 20192307019506

Title of translation: Tiny YOLOV3

Authors: Liu, Jun (1); Hou, Shihao (1); Zhang, Kai (1); Zhang, Rui (1); Hu, Chaochao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 118-125

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: For intelligent vehicles and advanced driving assistant systems, real-time and accurate vehicle objects detection and tracking through on-board visual sensors are conducive to discovering potential dangers, and can take timely warning to drivers or measures to control vehicle braking and steering systems to avoid traffic accidents by active safety system. In recent years, vehicle detection based on deep learning has become a research hotspot. Although the deep learning method has made a significant breakthrough in vehicle detection precision, it will lead to high missed detection rate of small vehicle targets and rely on expensive computing resources in visual vehicle detection tasks, which is difficult to achieve in embedded real-time applications. Further analysis shows that the main reason for the above problems is that deep convolution neural network cannot reasonably prune network layer parameters, especially cannot reasonably utilize the shallow semantic information. On the contrary, a series of operations at the lower sampling layers will lead to the loss of vehicle information, especially for the small vehicle objects. Therefore, how to effectively extract and utilize the semantic information of small vehicle objects is a problem to be solved in this paper. On this basis, the problem of pruning network layer parameters reasonably was discussed. For the detection algorithm, on the one hand, based on visual analysis of receptive field of Tiny YOLOV3 network shallow layers, the use of shallow semantic information was enhanced by constructing a shallow feature pyramid structure, on the other hand, the shallow down sampling layer was replaced by convolution layer to reduce the semantic information loss of shallow network layers and increase the shallow layer features of vehicle objects to be extracted. Combine the above 2 aspects, the enhanced Tiny YOLOV3 network was proposed. For the tracking algorithm, because of the high frame rate of the vehicle-mounted camera, assuming that the vehicle objects in the adjacent frame moving uniformly without considering the image information, Kalman filter algorithm was used to track the vehicle target, and its observation position was estimated optimally. The proposed enhanced Tiny YOLO V3 network was trained by using 50 000 images collected by the on-board vehicle camera during the day and night. The training strategy included pre-training model, multi-scale training, batch normalization and data augment methods, which same as Tiny YOLOV3 network. On the vehicle Jetson TX2 embedded platform, 8 groups of comparative experiments were carried out with Tiny YOLOV3 model, including day and night traffic scenes. The experimental results showed that compared with Tiny YOLO V3 model,the mean precision rate of the enhanced Tiny YOLOV3 model proposed in this paper was improved by 4.6%, the mean detection error rate was reduced by 0.5%, the mean missing detection rate was reduced by 7.4%, and the mean time consumption was increased by 43.8 ms/frame without tracking algorithm. After adding the vehicle tracking algorithm, the mean precision rate was improved by 10.6%, the mean detection error rate was reduced by 1.2%, the mean missing detection rate was reduced by 23.6%, and the mean operation speed was 5 times faster than that of the Tiny YOLOV3 model, reaching 30 frame/s. The study provides an important guidance for embedded vehicle detection and tracking algorithm application in intelligent vehicles and advanced driving assistant systems. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Vehicle locating systems

Controlled terms: Accidents  -  Active safety systems  -  Advanced driver assistance systems  -  Automobile frames  -  Automobile steering equipment  -  Cameras  -  Chemical detection  -  Computer vision  -  Convolution  -  Deep learning   -  Embedded systems  -  Error detection  -  Image enhancement  -  Kalman filters  -  Models  -  Network layers  -  Object detection  -  Real time systems  -  Semantics  -  Tracking (position)   -  Vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Comparative experiments  -  Convolution neural network  -  Detection error rate  -  Driving assistant systems  -  Embedded real-time applications  -  Kalman filter algorithms  -  Kalman-filtering  -  Vehicle detection

Classification code: 432.4 Highway Traffic Control  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  722.4 Digital Computers and Systems  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  731.2 Control System Applications  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  801 Chemistry  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 2.36e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 7.40e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Effects of nest box arrangement on behavior, physiology and mortality for layer breeders in natural mating colony cages

Accession number: 20192307019521

Title of translation:

Authors: Shi, Haipeng (1); Zheng, Weichao (1); Tong, Qin (1); Zhang, Zhi (1); Li, Baoming (1); Wang, Lianzeng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Hebei Huayu Poultry Breeding Co., Ltd., Handan; 056800, China

Corresponding author: Li, Baoming(libm@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 245-251

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Due to the increasing consumer concern for animal welfare and growing labor costs. A production practice that has been widely adopted by many commercial farms in China is the use of natural mating colony cage systems for parent-stock (PS) layer breeders. Although the hens in this type of colony cage can express their natural mating behavior and have broader activity space compared with that of the conventional artificial insemination cages, the environment of the colony cages is still relatively barren and invariant. Environmental enrichment devices, such as nest boxes are absent. Behavioral problems, such as feather pecking and cloacal cannibalism are serious in the system, which subsequently reduce the fertility rate of layer breeders and cause severe health, welfare and economic problems. 2160 beak-trimmed Hy-Line brown parent-stock layer breeders were used in the present study to investigate the application of nest boxes in natural mating colony cages for layer breeders and the effect of nest provisions on feather pecking behaviors and physiological stress, which aimed at providing data support for the development and optimization of such breeding cage systems, and improving the health and welfare level of layer breeders. Each experimental cage accommodated 90 layers and 10 roosters, providing each bird 57 600 cm2 floor areas. Three different types of nest boxes were provided before onset of lay, Nest1 (length × width × height, 90 cm ×40 cm × 60 cm), Nest2 (45 cm ×40 cm × 60 cm), Nest3 (70 cm × 52 cm × 60 cm). Each treatment was replicated in 6 cages along the length of the house at the fourth tier. The number of eggs laid in the nest and on the floor, nesting behaviors and pecking behaviors were observed. Blood samples were collected and basal plasma concentrations of corticosterone, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), 5-HT were measured. The results showed that: 1) Through a sufficient time to accustom to the nests, the nest boxes applied were well used by the hens. The ratio of nest eggs were 80.5%±7.8%, 67.4%±8.1% and 87.3%±7.6% respectively for Nest1, Nest2, Nest3 at 32 weeks of hen age. The ratio of nest eggs, the number of hens, nest visits, and sitting events in Nest1 and Nest3 were significantly higher than that of Nest2 (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Computer keyboards

Controlled terms: Animals  -  Birds  -  Floors  -  Physiology  -  Wages

Uncontrolled terms: Behaviour  -  Colony cage  -  Corticosterone  -  Feather pecking  -  Layer breeder  -  Mortality  -  Nest box

Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers  -  461.9 Biology  -  722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment  -  912.4 Personnel

Numerical data indexing: Age 6.14e-01yr, Area 5.76e+00m2, Size 6.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Design and test of wedge drag reduction rotary blade

Accession number: 20192307019500

Title of translation:

Authors: Hao, Jianjun (1); Yu, Haijie (1); Zhao, Jianguo (1); Li, Jianchang (1); Ma, Zhikai (1); Cai, Jinjin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding; 071001, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 55-64

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of high resistance and high power consumption of rotary tillage and land preparation, the rotary blade is studied based on theoretical analysis, simulation and field experiment in this paper. First, a wedge drag reduction rotary blade is designed based on the theoretical force model of cutting tools in mechanical soil dynamics. Second, the three-dimensional model of the national rotary blade and the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is established by using the Inventor software and the simulation experiment is carried on. The cutting soil model of 2 kinds of rotary blades is established by using HyperMesh software, and the material parameters, boundary constraints and working parameters are defined. On this basis, the soil cutting process, stress and cutting resistance are analyzed. It is proved that the wedge drag reduction rotary blade design is reasonable. In order to verify whether the wedge drag reduction rotary blade meets the strength requirement, the stress of the rotary blades is analyzed, and the cutting resistance of the national rotary blade and the wedge drag reduction rotary blade are compared. Third, field comparative experiments are carried out on national rotary blade and wedge drag reducing rotating blade with the evaluation indexes of torque, power consumption and soil breakage. The results show that the cutting resistance of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is smaller than that of the national rotary blade; the maximum stress of the national rotary blade is 35.68 MPa and the maximum stress of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 29.49 MPa, which is less than that of the national rotary blade and far less than the yield strength of the material 430 MPa. On the premise of ensuring the strength of the blade body, the weight of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is reduced by about 50 g, which is about 8.3% lower than that of the national rotary blade. The maximum cutting resistance of the national rotary blade is 530 N, the average cutting resistance is 375.5 N, and the maximum cutting resistance of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 510 N, the average cutting resistance is 335.5 N, the average cutting resistance of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 10.65% lower than that of the national rotary blade, which proves the feasibility of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade designed; The average torque of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 11.35% lower than that of the national rotary blade. In the working process of rotary blades, the average power consumption of the national rotary blade is 74.2 kW, the average power consumption of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 67.3 kW, and the average power consumption of the wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 9.29% lower than that of the national rotary blade. The average breaking rate of soil of the national rotary blade is 75%, and the average breaking rate of wedge drag reduction rotary blade is 79%, which is 4% higher than that of the national rotary blade; After continuous 33 hm2 tillage, rotary blades did not break, and the average wear of the national rotary blade is 98.5 g, the average wear of the wedge shaped drag reduction rotary blade is 97.3 g, the wear difference is 1.3%, and the wear degree is the same. The wedge drag reduction rotary blade can effectively solve the problems of high resistance and high power consumption of rotary blade, which is helpful to accelerate the development of arable land machinery, improve the mechanization level of cultivated land, and reduce the production cost of crops. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Turbomachine blades

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Computer software  -  Cultivation  -  Cutting tools  -  Drag reduction  -  Electric power utilization  -  Land use  -  Metal drawing  -  Models  -  Soil mechanics   -  Soils  -  Wear of materials

Uncontrolled terms: Boundary constraints  -  Comparative experiments  -  Cutting resistance  -  Field experiment  -  High power consumption  -  Material parameter  -  Rotary blades  -  Three-dimensional model

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  535.2 Metal Forming  -  603.2 Machine Tool Accessories  -  706.1 Electric Power Systems  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Force 3.36e+02N, Force 3.76e+02N, Force 5.10e+02N, Force 5.30e+02N, Mass 5.00e-02kg, Mass 9.73e-02kg, Mass 9.85e-02kg, Percentage 1.07e+01%, Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Percentage 9.29e+00%, Power 6.73e+04W, Power 7.42e+04W, Pressure 2.95e+07Pa, Pressure 3.57e+07Pa, Pressure 4.30e+08Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Development of yield monitoring system with high-precision based on linear structured light source and machine vision

Accession number: 20192307019496

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Gang (1); Lei, Junbo (1); Liu, Chengliang (1); Tao, Jianfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China

Corresponding author: Lei, Junbo(jblei@sjtu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 21-28

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Gaining the precise yield information of a certain area is an important factor to assess the grain yield and the planting effects. Grain yield measurement system is one of the key techniques of the precision agriculture, and is also the foundation of realizing precision management. Because of the gap (around 10 mm) between the scrapper and the elevator, grains might be dropping through the gap and therefore triggers the yield sensor based on photoelectric sensor wrongly, so the generated result will not be accurate. Aiming at avoiding the problem mentioned above, a yield monitoring system based on linear structured light source and machine vision is developed. The yield sensor is made up of industrial camera, line structured light generator, proximity switch and industrial computer. When scraper passes the proximity switch in a certain position which can be adjusted, proximity switch will sense its move, which will generate a signal to trigger the industrial camera to capture the image at that time. Since proximity switch used in this sensor is based on inductance sensed, the leaky grain through the gap between the scrapper and the elevator will not trigger the switch, and the camera will be triggered correctly only by the signal of the proximity switch. A grains accumulation volume model is established to calculate the volume of the grains on the scrapper. The thickness of the grain on the scrapper is measured, after the calculation model of thickness is calibrated, the volume can be calculated according to the model established before. The computer is used to process the real-time image where the dropping grain will become noise. In order to eliminate all the noise in the image, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is proposed, in which the basic idea is to move those area far away from the surroundings. The experimental result shows that this method works effectively. The grain accumulation volume then can be calculated if the thickness of the grain can be calculated precisely. A measuring method for the thickness based on linear structured light is proposed. According to the volume weight measured in advance, the yield can be calculated. Grain models of the same material of scrapper are made to simulate different grain thickness. And the actual grain thickness are 10.0, 21.8 and 33.4 mm. The experiment of the thickness calculation of the scrapper (with no grains) and grain model under different speeds (60, 180, 300, 420, 540 r/min) is carried out, and the results show that the error is between 0 and 1.1%. The error is bigger while the speed is faster, the reason for which is the image capture mode of rolling shutter of the CMOS camera. Rolling shutter is a method of image capture in which a still picture (in a still camera) or each frame of a video (in a video camera) is captured not by taking a snapshot of the entire scene at a single instant in time but rather by scanning across the scene rapidly, either vertically or horizontally. When the scrapper passes the proximity switch, the switch will trigger the camera to take the shot. During the time in which the camera take the shot, the scrapper is still moving, which will cause the distortion of the image, and the distortion will be worse while the scrapper moves faster. A modified for thickness calculation is proposed to fix the distortion, and the final measuring result error is less than 0.33%, much better than original 1.1%, which means the modification model is accurate and stable. At last, the experiment of the real-time yield monitoring is carried out on the self-designed experiment platform under different speeds using the methods and the devices mentioned above. The experiment results show that the measurement error is between 3.5% and 4.27%. This research provides a reference for yield monitoring. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Computer systems  -  Computer vision  -  Elevators  -  Errors  -  Image processing  -  Light sources  -  Monitoring  -  Nearest neighbor search  -  Precision agriculture  -  Video cameras

Uncontrolled terms: Calculation models  -  Designed experiments  -  Industrial computers  -  K nearest neighbor algorithm  -  Line structured lights  -  Linear structured lights  -  Modification model  -  Photoelectric sensors

Classification code: 692.2 Elevators  -  716.4 Television Systems and Equipment  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00e+00% to 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 3.30e-01%, Percentage 3.50e+00% to 4.27e+00%, Rotational_Speed 5.40e+02RPM, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 2.18e-02m, Size 3.34e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Discrete element model simulation and verification of fertilizer blending uniformity of variable rate fertilization based on relevance vector machine

Accession number: 20192307019498

Title of translation: RVM

Authors: Yuan, Jin (1); Xin, Zhenbo (1); Niu, Ziru (1); Li, Yang (1); Liu, Xinghua (1); Xin, Shuai (1); Wang, Jianfu (1); Wang, Liheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China

Corresponding author: Niu, Ziru(cherokeesaab@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 37-45

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the development of computer simulation technology, the model establishment of variable rate fertilization with EDEM, demonstrates effectively the microcosmic dynamics behavior of fertilizer particles which can’t be analyzed by experiments. The calibration of discrete element model parameters mainly includes experimental determination and indirect calibration. When method of particle board is used to measure the static friction coefficient between particles, particle bounce and collision are inevitable and accuracy is difficult to pursue. The method of indirect calibration, using try-and-error method or quadratic polynomial regression, isn’t appropriate for the discrete element model of variable rate fertilization with nonlinear as well as multiple parameter values to be calibrated. Aiming at the problem above, a calibration method based on relevance vector machine is proposed. The discrete element simulation process of variable rate fertilization is a nonlinear system regarding model parameters as input and uniformity of fertilizer blending as output (when a group of parameters are given, certain uniformity value of fertilizer blending can be gotten by fertilization simulation). Firstly, the model parameter influencing the fertilization outcome of the discrete element simulation most can be defined as the main parameters by sensitivity analysis. The value domain of each main parameters are found and then the sample of parameters are got. The sample of parameters and the corresponding uniformity of fertilizer blending are regarded as training and test sample. The relevance vector machine is used to reveal mapping relationship between model parameters and the uniformity, and the regression model is established. The uniformity based on the optimal model parameters should be consistent with the that in experiment, the model parameters fitness function is constructed combined the established models with experimental statistical results. Based on the mathematical thought of the constraint optimization, the mathematical model of optimal parameters calculating is established, and the optimal parameters are generated by the genetic algorithm. For A-type mixing cavity whose the collision edge is the outer convex curve, the mean relative error of uniformity between test values and simulation values from model calibrated: for nitrogen fertilizer is 6.4%, phosphate fertilizer of 4.1%, and potash fertilizer of 5.9%. While nitrogen fertilizer is 26.8%, phosphate fertilizer is 28.9% and potash fertilizer is 36.1% for the model before calibration. For B-type mixing cavity whose the collision edge is the straight-line, the mean relative error of uniformity from model calibrated: nitrogen fertilizer is 5.8%, phosphate fertilizer of 5.6% and potash fertilizer of 4.9%. While nitrogen fertilizer is 21.9%, phosphate fertilizer is 32.5% and potash fertilizer is 28.9% for the model before calibration. For C-type mixing cavity whose the collision edge is the concave curve, the mean relative error of uniformity from model calibrated: for nitrogen fertilizer is 5.0%, phosphate fertilizer of 3.7%, potash fertilizer of 8.7%. While nitrogen fertilizer is 36.2%, phosphate fertilizer is 31.6% and potash fertilizer is 24.4% for the model before calibration. The above results show that the method can be used to realize accurate calibration of discrete element model parameters of variable rate fertilization. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Nitrogen fertilizers

Controlled terms: Blending  -  Calibration  -  Constrained optimization  -  Errors  -  Fertilizers  -  Finite difference method  -  Genetic algorithms  -  Phosphate fertilizers  -  Potash  -  Potassium fertilizers   -  Regression analysis  -  Sensitivity analysis  -  Stiction  -  Vectors

Uncontrolled terms: Computer simulation technology  -  Constraint optimizations  -  Discrete element modeling  -  Discrete element simulation  -  Experimental determination  -  Relevance Vector Machine  -  Static friction coefficient  -  Variable rate fertilization

Classification code: 802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.44e+01%, Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 2.89e+01%, Percentage 3.16e+01%, Percentage 3.25e+01%, Percentage 3.61e+01%, Percentage 3.62e+01%, Percentage 3.70e+00%, Percentage 4.10e+00%, Percentage 4.90e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 5.80e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Percentage 6.40e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Dynamic monitoring and control benefits of vegetation in rocky desertification areas based on Landsat images

Accession number: 20192307019518

Title of translation: Landsat

Authors: Zhang, Weixin (1, 2, 3); Cao, Jianhua (4); Wu, Xiuqin (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Jianshui Station for Desert Ecological System Observation and Research, Beijing Forestry University, Jianshui; 654399, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin; 541004, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Xiuqin(wuxq@bjfu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 221-229

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Ecological restoration is an effective measure to mitigate rocky desertification, control water loss, protect the existing forests and increase vegetation coverage. The long-term ecological restoration project is the key to the sustainable development of regional economy and ecology. Chinese governments have implemented a series of the Karst Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control and Restoration Project in the karst regions of Southwest China since the late 1990s. In order to reveal the effectiveness of the Karst Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control and Restoration Project implemented in the typical rocky desertification zone in Luxi County of Yunnan Province, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage on the basis of Mann-Kendall mutation test, Theil-Sei trend analysis, and the relationships between remotely sensed vegetation indices named normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and climate changes, human activities using multiple regression analysis and residual analysis. For the analysis, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Landsat TM data at a spatial resolution of 30 meters over the period 1986-2016 are considered. The results are as follows: 1) In the past 30 years, the vegetation coverage of Luxi County showed a significantly increasing trend, with a growth rate of 0.43%/10a (P0.1) to 0.63%/10a (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Vegetation

Controlled terms: Climate change  -  Conservation  -  Ecology  -  Forestry  -  Landforms  -  Regional planning  -  Regression analysis  -  Remote sensing  -  Restoration

Uncontrolled terms: Comprehensive controls  -  Driving factors  -  Ecological restoration  -  Luxi  -  Multiple regression analysis  -  Normalized difference vegetation index  -  Spatio-temporal changes  -  Spatio-temporal variation

Classification code: 403.2 Regional Planning and Development  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Age 3.00e+01yr, Percentage 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 3.91e+01%, Percentage 7.71e+00%, Percentage 7.96e+01%, Percentage 8.52e+01%, Size 3.00e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Effects of different irrigation regimes of drip irrigation under plastic film on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency

Accession number: 20192307019511

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Zhenhua (1, 2); Yang, Binlin (1, 2); Xie, Xiangwen (3, 4); Wang, Zeyu (4); Yang, Hongze (5); Dong, Xinjiu (5)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation Corp, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China; (3) College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (5) Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China

Corresponding author: Xie, Xiangwen(xiexw@sina.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 158-166

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In this study, we analyzed the effects of different drip irrigation regimes under plastic film on sugar beet yield and water use efficiency in Xinjiang of China. Drip irrigation under plastic film had been widely used in the arid areas of northwest China, especially in Xinjiang for saving water and fertilizer, increasing temperature of soil and preservation of soil moisture. The drip irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film had a significant effect on increasing sugar beet root yield compared with traditional irrigation regimes. Two irrigation water quota (45 mm, 60 mm) and three irrigation frequency (eight, nine, ten) were combined to six treatments based on traditional drip irrigation regimes of sugar beet under plastic film in Xinjiang for suitable drip irrigation regimes under plastic film. The experiment was conducted during 2016 and 2017 at the Sugar Beet Improvement Center in Manasi, Xinjiang. The effects of different irrigation treatments on height and weight of sugar beet, leaf area index, root yield, sugar yield, percentage of sugar content, soil water content, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency were investigated. The water consumption of sugar beet was indicated combined with the soil water content and the suitable drip irrigation regimes under plastic film was proposed. The results showed that the increase of irrigation frequency could increase leaf area index, weight of sugar beet root and root yield, decreased percentage of sugar content and had no significant (P> 0.05) effect on evapotranspiration and sugar beet water use efficiency. The increase of irrigation water quota were not significant effect on leaf area index and percentage of sugar content, increased weight of sugar beet root and evapotranspiration and decreased water use efficiency of sugar beet. In addition, The SPAD value was decreased as the increase of irrigation water quota and irrigation frequency. By irrigation frequency and water quota interaction, the root yield of 45 mm and 60 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of eight were significant decreased, and percentage of sugar content and water use efficiency of 45 mm and 60 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of eight were decreased for the soil relative water content were under 50%. The soil relative water content was under 50% for 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine, and was more than 50% when 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine increased 15 mm. The weight of root yield was increased and root yield was increased by 7.4%-7.7% with the sugar yield increased by 9.4%-9.7% as the increase of 15 mm of 45 mm irrigation water quota at frequency of nine. The height of sugar beet, leaf area index were significant (P0.05) compared with nine irrigation frequency at 60 mm irrigation water quota, but the sugar yield of sugar beet was significant (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 50

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Efficiency  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Plants (botany)  -  Plastic films  -  Soil moisture  -  Sugar beets  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Drip irrigation under plastic films  -  Increasing temperatures  -  Relative water content  -  Root yield  -  Saving water and fertilizers  -  Sugar yield  -  Traditional irrigation  -  Water use efficiency

Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  817.1 Polymer Products  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+00% to 7.70e+00%, Percentage 9.40e+00% to 9.70e+00%, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 4.50e-02m, Size 6.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Lignin content and distribution in alkali pretreated corn straw based on Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic imaging

Accession number: 20192307019525

Title of translation: FTIR

Authors: Yang, Zengling (1); Du, Shurong (1); Mei, Jiaqi (1); Li, Junbao (1); Liu, Erwei (1); Han, Lujia (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Han, Lujia(hanlj@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 280-286

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Lignin is one of the major components of plant cell wall, and it can provide sufficient strength and hardness to plant cells while avoiding biological damage and water erosion. In recent years, studies on the lignification process and delignification of plant tissues have received extensive attention from scholars. A large number of studies have been carried out to determine the removal of lignin after pretreatment by conventional wet chemical analysis. The lignin content and distribution of biomass resources such as crop straw directly affect its conversion and utilization efficiency. It’s meaningful to develop multi-scale and in situ analysis to identify lignin distribution and quantification on delignified plant cell wall for bio-resource commercial utilization. In this paper, we studied an in situ analysis method to visualize changing of lignin distribution in the alkali pretreated corn straw internodal transverse section based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopic imaging, with a fast non-negativity-constrained least squares (fast NNLS) fitting. We collected the middle of the 6th node of fresh jointing stage corn straw. Corn straws were pretreated for series of times (0, 5, 30, 60 min) by 2% NaOH solution at 100. A paraffin embedding method was used to produce 18 μm-thick transverse sections for each sample. Then, the sections were transferred onto ZnS windows for FTIR microspectroscopic imaging. We acquired FTIR spectra of major components of corn straw for fast NNLS fitting. We also milled whole straws to 0.069 mm and pretreated in the same condition as sections to determine structure carbohydrate. The data of FTIR microspectroscopic images and FTIR spectra were processed by Savizky-Golay smoothing within 5 points, SNV, and automatic Whittaker filter baseline to correct baseline and offset. K-means cluster algorithm was used to distinguish various tissues including epidermis, vascular bundles and parenchyma cells. Fast NNLS fitting was carried out to calculate the lignin concentrations in pixels. For comparison between different pretreated times, lignin concentration in pixels was calibrated according to the sum of content of all components based on laboratory analysis. The lignin content by laboratory analysis decreased with the increasing of the pretreated time, and the lignin degradation rate was larger at the initial stage of the reaction. The lignin content in the epidermis, vascular bundle and parenchyma cells of the samples showed a decreasing trend with the increasing of pretreatment time, and the trends of lignin changing in the three tissues were consistent with the trend of laboratory analysis. By comparing laboratory analysis with fast NNLS fitting results, the results show that the FTIR microspectroscopic imaging combined with fast NNLS could locate and quantify the distribution of lignin in various tissues, and the trend of lignin changing calculated by fast NNLS fitting is the same as the laboratory chemical analysis results. The study demonstrated that FTIR microspectroscopic imaging combined with fast NNLS fitting could be successfully applied to in situ visualize lignin distribution within corn straw pretreatment. The characterization method provides reference for the lignin research of corn stover pretreatment and the study of lignin degradation during straw pretreatment. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Controlled terms: Cells  -  Chemical analysis  -  Cytology  -  Degradation  -  Delignification  -  Histology  -  II-VI semiconductors  -  Image processing  -  K-means clustering  -  Laboratories   -  Least squares approximations  -  Lignin  -  Pixels  -  Plant cell culture  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Straw  -  Tissue  -  Zinc sulfide

Uncontrolled terms: Alkali pretreatment  -  Characterization methods  -  Constrained least squares  -  Fourier transform infra reds  -  Fourier transform infrared  -  Microspectroscopic imaging  -  Utilization efficiency  -  Wet chemical analysis

Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  811.1.1 Papermaking Processes  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.00e+00%, Size 6.90e-05m, Time 3.60e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Design and operating parameter optimization of portable detection device for fish meal quality

Accession number: 20192307019528

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Pei (1); Niu, Zhiyou (1, 2); Tan, Henqun (1, 2); Liu, Ming (1); Zhang, Weijian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Niu, Zhiyou(nzhy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 308-315

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Fish meal is rich in protein and fat and is the main animal-derived feed material. In the process of transportation and storage, the fish meal can be easily to deteriorate, resulting in the reduction of its nutritional components. This is not only endangers the normal reproduction and health of animals, but also poses certain potential safety hazards to the safety of animal-derived food and human health. It is necessary to carry out an effective detection for quality of animal-derived feed. In recent years, bionic olfaction technology has developed rapidly, it can quickly detect the quality of products, compared with near infrared spectroscopy and traditional physical and chemical index detection methods, it is faster and more accurate, but it is rarely used in the quality detection of fish meal. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a portable detection device on quality of fish meal has been developed in this paper. The hardware part of the device is mainly composed of a gas acquisition and transmission module, a control processing storage module, a data acquisition module, and a sensor array module, which the gas acquisition and transmission module includes a sample supplement gas cylinder, a sample gas generation chamber, an activated carbon purification bottle, two two-position two-way electromagnetic valves, a micro air pump, a gas flowmeter, a gas sampling chamber, and a one-way valve. In the software part, the strawberry pie is the core, qt creator graphical programming software across platforms was selected, and the real-time data acquisition display and storage part was mainly designed. The key component was the 10-bit ARPI600 data acquisition module. The device could basically realize the quality detection of fish meal, and the detection result was relatively accurate. In order to obtain the detection performance of the device, the test parameters of the device needed to be optimized. First, fresh fish meal was placed in a 35 thermostatic artificial climate box to make it decay gradually at the storage time. Fish meal of different levels was collected as the test sample during the storage process, and a total of six types of fish meal samples which was at different storage times were selected for the samples of the test. In this paper, it selected the factors that included gas flow, sampling time and cleaning time that had a great influence on the detection results, taking the dispersion ratio as an index, the optimal parameters were obtained through optimization analysis by using response surface method and design - expert software, and the feasibility and detection performance of the detection device for fish meal quality under the optimal parameters were verified. The test results showed that the gas flow rate, sampling time and cleaning time were all significant factors, and the primary and secondary order of factors was as follow: Cleaning time, sampling time and gas flow, and the interaction between them was significant. With the increase of gas flow and sampling time, the dispersion ratio tended to decrease first and then increase, and when the gas flow was in the range of 2-2.5 L/min and the sampling time was in the range of 35-45 s, the dispersion ratio was small. As the gas flow increased, the cleaning time decreased, while the dispersion ratio decreased first and then increased. When the gas flow rate was 2-2.5 L/ min and the cleaning time was in the range of 75-80 s, the dispersion ratio was small. As the sampling time increased, the cleaning time decreased, the dispersion ratio decreased first and then increased, and when the sampling time was in the range of 35-40 s and the cleaning time was in the range of 75-80 s, the dispersion ratio was small. In considering of all factors, the best parameters were 2.2 L/min of gas flow, 39 s of sampling time and 77 s of cleaning time. At this time, the dispersion ratio was the smallest, which was 0.579 9. Under the optimal parameters, fish meal samples with different storage time were tested, and the accuracy of different storage time discrimination was 89.4%, which could realize the detection of quality of fish meal and provide data reference and technical support for the subsequent research on the quality detection device. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Fish products

Controlled terms: Activated carbon  -  Air cleaners  -  Animals  -  Bottles  -  Chemical detection  -  Cleaning  -  Computer graphics  -  Computer software selection and evaluation  -  Data acquisition  -  Design   -  Digital storage  -  Fish  -  Flow of gases  -  Gases  -  Health hazards  -  Infrared devices  -  Light transmission  -  Near infrared spectroscopy  -  Quality control  -  Storage (materials)   -  Surface properties

Uncontrolled terms: Data acquisition modules  -  Fish meal  -  Graphical programming software  -  Nondestructive detection  -  Parameters optimization  -  Potential safety hazards  -  Real time data acquisition  -  Response surface

Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  461.7 Health Care  -  631.1.2 Gas Dynamics  -  694.2 Packaging Materials  -  694.4 Storage  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  822.3 Food Products  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.94e+01%, Time 3.50e+01s to 4.00e+01s, Time 3.50e+01s to 4.50e+01s, Time 3.90e+01s, Time 7.50e+01s to 8.00e+01s, Time 7.70e+01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Development of potato processing industry in China from perspective of industrial integration

Accession number: 20192307019529

Title of translation:

Authors: Bai, Li (1); Chen, Xi (1); Sun, Jie (2, 3); Zhang, Xiaoyi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xiaoyi(xiaoyizhang@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 316-323

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Potato processing industry is an important carrier for implementing potato staple food strategy, which was launched in 2015 in mainland China. Ulanqab City located in Inner Mongolia, which is one of the main producing areas of potato and located in the North of China. Ulanqab City is a prominent leader of China’s potato production and is often referred to as “China’s Potato Capital”. Based on a survey among potato processing companies and factories in Ulanqab City, the current study analyzed the factors that influenced the development of Chinese potato processing industry from a perspective of industrial integration. First, vertical cooperation based on contracts between farmers and processors has still lagged by now, and therefore efficient, intensified and large-scale planting haven’t yet been formed in the Ulanqab City. Second, processing in a lower level, lacking of recycling and reusing of wastes and insufficient utilizing of by-products, seasonal overcapacity, and periodic idling of processing equipments were common problems faced by the surveyed potato processing enterprises. Furthermore, compared with the potato enterprises in developed countries, those in China fall behind in processing equipments, production technologies and management concepts. Third, higher logistics costs, the underdevelopment of cold-chain logistics, lacking of financial supports, the change of foreign exchange rates and the implement and enforce of international trade control had great influence on the development of potato processing industry. In addition, the proposal of “potato staple food strategy” offers a new opportunity and points the way for the development of the potato processing industry. Potato staple food strategy involves the potato processing industry and its upstream and downstream industries. The potato farmers’ responses to the policy will surely promote the development of potato production technology and provide quality raw materials for the processing industry. The research institutes, incentive by the guidance of the potato staple food strategy, will do more research in the related fields of technologies and policy. Most importantly, the strategy will bring more changes for the potato processing industry and thus boom the industry. Also, more Chinese consumers will accept potato products as staple food with the implementation of the strategy and thus increase the demands of potatoes from the source. Thus, the strategy is undoubtedly the driving force behind the rapid development of the potato processing industry in China. In terms of policies, it is urgent and of vital importance to put the potato staple food strategy into practice. Specifically, first, the government agencies should treat the production of potato as those of staple crops, such as wheat and rice, and offer rational subsidies for the planting of potato. Second, the government agencies should provide more supports to the potato processing companies. Third, the government agencies should increase research and develop investment in the potato planting areas for more sustainable production and ecological protection. Finally, the Chinese government agencies at all levels should attach importance to the top-level designing before formulating relative policies, by focusing on the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry and therefore promoting a healthy and sustainable development of the Chinese potato industry. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Planning

Controlled terms: Agricultural products  -  Integration  -  International trade  -  Investments  -  Processing  -  Public policy  -  Surveys  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Ecological protection  -  Foreign exchange rates  -  Industrial integration  -  Potato  -  Production technology  -  Quality raw materials  -  Staple food  -  Sustainable production

Classification code: 821.4 Agricultural Products  -  912.2 Management  -  913.4 Manufacturing  -  921.2 Calculus  -  971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Estimating cucumber plants transpiration by Penman-Monteith model in Venlo-type greenhouse

Accession number: 20192307019510

Title of translation: Penman-MonteithVenlo

Authors: Yan, Haofang (1); Zhao, Baoshan (1); Zhang, Chuan (2); Huang, Song (1); Fu, Hanwen (1); Yu, Jianjun (1); Acquah, Samuel Joe (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 149-157

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accurate determination of crop transpiration in greenhouses is very important in making exact irrigation scheduling and climate control. The most common method for calculating crop transpiration is the Penman-Monteith (PM) model. In this study, we analyzed the estimating methods of cucumber transpiration by PM method in greenhouse of South China. We measured meteorological data, transpiration and plant growth indicators of cucumber during 2 planting seasons (autumn-winter season in 2017 and spring-summer in 2018) in a Venlo-type greenhouse in south China. The PM model was used to predict the transpiration based on the data averaged over 30-min intervals using different approaches in the calculation of aerodynamic resistance (Perrier logarithm approach and heat transfer coefficient approach). The results showed that transpiration of the cucumber plants was mainly affected by meteorological factors when there was sufficient water supply. The fluctuations of transpiration were consistent with solar radiation, air temperature and canopy temperature, and reached the maximum at noon, while relative humidity of air had the opposite trends. Canopy temperature of the cucumber plants were lower than the air temperature during daytime. The maximum differences between air temperature and canopy temperature were 4.4 (spring-summer season) and 2.0 (autumn-winter season) due to the evaporative cooling during high transpiration rates at noon time. By analyzing the response relationships between the stomatal resistance and the meteorological factors, a sub-model was constructed by using the effective leaf area index and stomatal resistance to simulate the canopy resistance of the PM model. A significant exponential relationship between stomatal resistance and solar radiation was observed in the study (R2 = 0.89). The simulated canopy resistance determined by stomatal resistance and leaf area index remained constant during the night, with 533 and 574 s/m for spring-summer and autumn-winter season, respectively, and 96 and 112 s/m during the daytime when transpiration was high. The transpiration simulated by PM model were compared with the values measured by lysimeters. Results showed that the convection types of the greenhouse were conducted through mixed convection in about 80% and 94% of the study periods, respectively, for the spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons, while free and forced convection occurred at the rest periods at different times in the 2 planting seasons. In spring-summer season, free convection occurred in 5% of the study period during the day, forced convection occurred in 15% of the study period at night; In autumn-winter season, 2% of the study period was free convection, which all occurred during the day, 4% of the study period was forced convection, which occurred day and night. The variation ranges of aerodynamic resistance calculated by the Perrier logarithm approach and the heat transfer coefficient approach were small, and the average values was 388 and 383 s/m for the spring-summer and the autumn-winter season by the Perrier logarithm approach and 141 and 158 s/m for the spring-summer and the autumn-winter season by the heat transfer coefficient approach, respectively. The study showed that based on the PM model to simulate the cucumber transpiration had a good consistency with the measured values. However, the PM model underestimated transpiration when the Perrier logarithm approach was applied, the determination coefficients were 0.87 and 0.91 for spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons, respectively, and the PM model can accurately simulate the greenhouse cucumber transpiration using the heat transfer coefficient approach, the determination coefficients were 0.91 and 0.95, respectively, for spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Transpiration

Controlled terms: Aerodynamic loads  -  Aerodynamics  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Crops  -  Evaporative cooling systems  -  Forced convection  -  Greenhouses  -  Heat resistance  -  Heat transfer coefficients  -  Meteorology   -  Natural convection  -  Plants (botany)  -  Solar radiation  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Aerodynamic resistance  -  Canopy resistance  -  Determination coefficients  -  Greenhouse cucumbers  -  Irrigation scheduling  -  Meteorological factors  -  Penman-Monteith models  -  Stomatal resistance

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  461.9 Biology  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  651.1 Aerodynamics, General  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%, Time 1.80e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Bench test of regeneration characteristics of catalyzed diesel particulate filter based on fuel injection combustion system

Accession number: 20192307002340

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Wei (1); Chen, Zhaohui (1); Kong, Mengxi (1); Zhao, Luofeng (1); Bao, Guangyuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Transportation Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engine, Kunming; 650500, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Zhaohui(chenzhaohuiok@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 8

Issue date: April 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 92-99

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to provide technical references for upgrading emissions of existing vehicles, to meet the four-stage emission limitation requirements of non-road mobile machineries, based on the self-developed fuel injection combustion active regeneration system, the external characteristic tests of diesel engine with diesel particulate filter(DPF) and the active regeneration combustion tests were carried out in this paper. The results showed that the catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CDPF) with 530 g/m3 catalysts loading, name as CDPF1, has little effect on the power and economy performances of the engine under external characteristic conditions. At 3 000 r/min, the volume fraction of NO2 is 81×10-6 at front end of CDPF1, while it is increased by 33×10-6 at rear end of that. This indicates that with the action of Pt and Pd bimetallic catalysts, the binding rate of NO to exhaust O2 is higher than the rate of active oxygen dissociated from NO2 binding to the soot active sites. Adequate NO2 content promotes regeneration efficient of soot in the CDPF, therefore the maximum exhaust pressure difference of CDPF1 was 8.8 kPa which lower than that of DPF. On the basis of external characteristic tests, the active regeneration tests of fuel injection combustion was further carried out. The first part of the regeneration tests were carried on the combustion test bench, the combustion temperatures were controlled by dosing control unit (DCU) to be 550, 600 and 630 , respectively. In order to prevent the peak temperature and thermal stress in the carrier from being too high during regeneration, secondary gas supply was carried out after fuel injection. Based on the principle that the amount of the secondary gas supply matches with displacement of the test engine, 4 different secondary gas supply schemes were adopted. The experimental results showed that when the regeneration temperature was 630 , the regeneration efficiency of CDPF1 reached 96.4% in the absence of secondary gas supply, however, the regeneration efficiency of DPF was only 84.3%. In addition, the maximum temperature of CDPF1 carrier was also lower than that of DPF during regeneration, and the highest temperature of CDPF1 was about 31 which lower than that of DPF at 630 . It can be seen that CDPF1 could not only improve the regeneration efficiency, but also reduce the maximum temperature in the carrier. When regeneration temperature was 600 , the secondary gas supply scheme 4 was adopted, i.e. the secondary gas supply rate was 1.25 L/s for 180 s, then the gas supply rate was 0.625 L/s for 420 s, and the regeneration efficiency of CDPF1 was 83.2%, the maximum temperature was reduced by about 64 compared to the absence of secondary gas supply. The second part of regeneration tests were carried out on engine test bench, and the regeneration temperature was still 600 . The regeneration characteristics of DPF, CDPF1, CDPF2 and the CDPF2 with 636 g/m3 catalysts loading were tested under engine stop and idle speed regeneration conditions. The test results showed that CDPF1 had a good regeneration performance, with regeneration efficiency was 76.4% for engine stop regeneration, the idle regeneration efficiency was increased to 88.5%. This was because that the secondary air into the combustion chamber was cold for engine stop regeneration, and the engine exhaust with higher temperature was introduced into the burner for the idle regeneration, the secondary air was combined to improve the burning rate of the fuel in the burner, at the same time, high temperature gas would burn more soot at a faster rate, and the combustion efficiency of the idle condition regeneration was improved. The pressure difference of DPF, CDPF1 and CDPF2 was tesed under 3 000 r/min speed and 100% load conditions. Since the amount of residual soot in the carrier was less after the idle regeneration, the pressure difference of DPF, CDPF1 and CDPF2 after idle regeneration were lower than that of engine stop regeneration. The pressure difference of CDPF1 was about 27 kPa after engine stop regeneration, and the final pressure difference was reduced to 25 kPa after idle regeneration. This study showed that the combination of active and passive regeneration of catalytic CDPF can integrate the advantages of the both, in future research, the active regeneration strategy based on catalytic conditions can be formed by further optimizing the catalytic load and regeneration timing, combining with exhaust heat management technology, and provide a reference for the upgrading and transformation of exhaust emissions of vehicles in use and the realization of the fourth stage emission standards of non-road mobile machinery. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Catalyst regeneration

Controlled terms: Binding sites  -  Catalysis  -  Catalyst activity  -  Catalysts  -  Combustion  -  Combustion chambers  -  Diesel engines  -  Efficiency  -  Fuel filters  -  Fuel injection   -  Gas supply  -  Gases  -  Ionization of gases  -  Nitrogen oxides  -  Particles (particulate matter)  -  Passive filters  -  Roads and streets  -  Soot  -  Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Bench tests  -  Catalyzed diesel particulate filters  -  CDPF  -  Diesel particulate filters  -  Fuel injection combustion  -  Non-road mobile machineries  -  Regeneration  -  Regeneration performance

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets  -  522 Gas Fuels  -  612.2 Diesel Engines  -  654.2 Rocket Engines  -  703.2 Electric Filters  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 5.30e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.36e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 7.64e+01%, Percentage 8.32e+01%, Percentage 8.43e+01%, Percentage 8.85e+01%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Pressure 2.50e+04Pa, Pressure 2.70e+04Pa, Pressure 8.80e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+03RPM, Time 1.80e+02s, Time 4.20e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.08.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village