1. Characters of pyrolysis and gasification of nitrogen-rich wood waste

Accession number: 20192307019482

Title of translation:

Authors: Feng, Yipeng (1); Fu, Chengguo (1); Tian, Yishui (2); Su, Jianxiu (1); Ma, Xiaoqin (1); Hu, Nan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Henan Institute of Science and Technology, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinxiang; 453003, China; (2) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Tian, Yishui(yishuit@yahoo.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 217-223

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the development of the wood-processing industry, the artificial timber board is widely used for furniture, interior finishes, and wooden buildings. Due to the vast use of nitrogenous adhesives, the scrapped artificial timber board is named as nitrogen-rich wood waste, which has a great impact on environment. The gasification is one of the most important techniques for utilizing wood-based waste. Because of the clean and efficient characteristics, this technique can be used to dispose the nitrogen-rich wood waste. In order to study the gasification characteristics, gasification and pyrolysis of the nitrogen-rich wood waste and pine saw dust in Ar and Ar+O2 atmosphere were carried out in TG-MS-FTIR and the fixed bed, respectively. The effects of reaction conditions on the gasification-pyrolysis process and product distribution were studied. For the TG analysis, the experiments were carried out in Ar and Ar+O2 atmosphere, respectively. The reaction temperature increased from room temperature to 1 200 by a heating rate of 10 /min. The wave number region of FTIR was 400-4 000 cm-1, the working voltage of the mass spectrometer was 70 eV, and the mass-to-charge ratios were 16, 28, 44, 17, 27, 30, 43, and 46, respectively. In the fixed bed experiments, the reaction temperature was 750 and the reaction atmosphere of pyrolysis was Ar (Gasification: Ar+O2). The results showed that the TG and DTG curves of these two materials presented similar stage divisions. The DTG peak value of nitrogen-rich wood waste was about 70% of that of pine saw dust, although the temperature of peak value of nitrogen-rich wood waste appeared ahead 15-20 than that of pine saw dust, which was earlier than that of pine saw dust in the DTG curve. Furthermore, the DTG curve of nitrogen-rich wood waste possessed a shoulder peak at 280-300, but it can not be observed in the DTG curve of pine saw dust. In the experiments of TG-MS-FTIR and fixed bed, the compositions of main gas products were similar for these two feedstocks. However, the CH4 concentration of nitrogen-rich wood waste was much higher than that of pine saw dust during pyrolysis and gasification. More precisely, the CH4 concentration of nitrogen-rich wood waste was 48% higher than that of pine saw dust in the fixed bed gasification. These results suggested that the gasification of the nitrogen-rich wood waste had a better prospect of application. In addition, the nitrogen-rich wood waste generated much more gaseous nitrogen pollutants than pine saw dust. The NH3 concentration generated from the nitrogen-rich wood waste was about 147 times of that from pine saw dust. This indicated that gaseous nitrogen pollutants can be a barrier for the utilization of nitrogen-rich wood waste. In summary, the results from this study can be served as a constructive and meaningful reference for the treatment and high-efficiency utilization of nitrogen-rich wood waste. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Waste treatment

Controlled terms: Adhesives  -  Air pollution  -  Ammonia  -  Argon  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Dust  -  Gasification  -  Nitrogen  -  Pyrolysis  -  Sawing   -  Timber  -  Wastes  -  Wooden buildings

Uncontrolled terms: Gasification characteristics  -  Mass-to-charge ratio  -  Product distributions  -  Pyrolysis and gasification  -  Reaction atmospheres  -  Reaction temperature  -  Wood processing industry  -  Wood-based panels

Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  451 Air Pollution  -  451.1 Air Pollution Sources  -  452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Electron_Volt 7.00e+01eV, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Design of navigation immune controller of small crawler-type rape seeder

Accession number: 20192307019457

Title of translation: PID

Authors: Ding, Youchun (1, 2); He, Zhibo (1, 2); Xia, Zhongzhou (1, 2); Peng, Jingye (1, 2); Wu, Taihui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 12-20

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the main producing areas of winter rapeseed in China. However, due to the effects of harvesting agricultural crops, heavy soil compaction, small field, the mechanization level of rapeseed is low. The level of intelligent seeding needs to be improved. In this paper, a navigation controller for small crawler-type seeder based on immune PID was designed to solve the problem of intelligent seeding in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River where the soil is sticky, the field is small. The small crawler-type rape seeder automatic navigation control system was designed. It used the small crawler-type rape seeder as the platform, and its steering system was modified by electromagnet. The high-precision BeiDou positioning module and the electronic compass was used for combined navigation to obtain the position and heading information of the crawler-type rape seeder as the input of the navigation controller. The immune PID controller was a nonlinear P controller that could adjust the proportional coefficient according to the feedback in real time. The control process was as follows. First, the plane coordinates of the start and end points of the straight path to be tracked were artificially set, and the main controller automatically calculated the distance of the target heading the start point and the end point. The weighted average algorithm was used to filter the longitude and latitude coordinates collected four times to get the current position. The controller calculated the distance deviation from the current position to the set route by the point-to-line distance formula. Taking the filtered distance deviation as an input, the target heading was calculated using the target heading correction formula distance deviation. Then, the course deviation (the deviation between the corrected target heading and the heading acquired by the electronic compass in real time) was used as an input of the immune PID controller, and the immune PID controller determined the Duty Ratio as the output u to act on the steering mechanism, achieving control of the steering of the track-type seeder. In addition, according to the characteristics of the tracked vehicle, the steering of the small crawler-type rape seeder was analyzed, and its steering model and steering angle transfer function were established. The immune PID controller was verified by Matlab simulation and experiment. Under the same parameters, the simulation showed that, compared with the conventional PID control, the immune PID control had the characteristics of fast response, small overshoot and small average tracking error. The pavement experiment showed that when the vehicle speed was 0.50 m/s, the average absolute deviation of the linear tracking of the immune PID controller was 4.2 cm, and the maximum deviation was not more than 11.9 cm. The field experiment showed that when the vehicle speed was 0.50 m/s, the average absolute deviation of the linear tracking of the immune PID controller was 5.8 cm, and the maximum deviation was not more than 15.2 cm, which was 32.6% and 18.1% higher than the conventional PID. It could better meet the requirements of the seeder navigation operation. This research provides a technical reference for the autonomous navigation of the crawler-type rape seeder. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Controllers

Controlled terms: Automobile steering equipment  -  Control engineering  -  Crops  -  Design  -  Electric control equipment  -  Flight control systems  -  Machinery  -  MATLAB  -  Mechanization  -  Oilseeds   -  Point contacts  -  Proportional control systems  -  Radio navigation  -  Soil mechanics  -  Steering  -  Three term control systems  -  Tracked vehicles  -  Transfer functions

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic navigation  -  Autonomous navigation  -  Average absolute deviation  -  Crawler types  -  Immune PID  -  Immune PID controller  -  Middle and lower reaches of the yangtze rivers  -  Navigation controllers

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks  -  704.1 Electric Components  -  716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 3.26e+01%, Size 1.19e-01m, Size 1.52e-01m, Size 4.20e-02m, Size 5.80e-02m, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Field road scene recognition in hilly regions based on improved dilated convolutional networks

Accession number: 20192307019474

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yunwu (1, 2); Xu, Junjie (1); Liu, Dexiong (1, 2); Yu, Yao (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Regions, Chongqing; 400716, China; (3) Guizhou Mountain Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Guiyang; 550002, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 150-159

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accurate acquisition of drivable area and obstacle information on field road is an important research for automatic navigation of intelligent agricultural machinery based on machine vision. In order to accurately identify field roads and its surrounding environment, an image semantic segmentation model of field road scene was proposed based on DCN (dilated convolutional neural network). Field roads in hilly regions are often twisted, windy and rolling, and occluded by different types of crops along both sides and many kinds of obstacles on the roads. Based on the analysis of image features of field roads in hilly regions, the field road scenes were divided into 11 categories in this paper: Background, road, pedestrian, vegetation, sky, construction, livestocks, obstacle, pond, soil and pole. Based on a traditional FCN (fully convolutional neural network) of VGG-16 structure, the front-end module and context aggregation module in DCN were put forward by removing the part that wasn’t conducive to pixel prediction and restructuring a higher prediction-accuracy front-end module. The front-end module was improved based on the VGG-16. The pooling 4 and pooling 5 layers in VGG-16 were removed, and the three convolutions in Conv-5 were replaced by dilated convolution with expansion coefficient of 2, and the convolution Fc6 layer was changed to dilated convolution with an expansion coefficient of 4 to keep the receptive field unchanged. At the same time, the padding operation in the VGG-16 was deleted. The context module was a cascade of void convolution layers with different expansion coefficients and the first six layers were dilated convolutions with expansion coefficients of 1, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16, respectively. Also two context module structure, namely Basic and Large, were proposed. The parameters of the constructed DCN could be initialized using the traditional VGG-16 network and produced higher resolution output. Then the two-stage training method was adopted to solve the problems of long training time and difficult convergence. In CAFFE (convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding) deep learning framework, the improved network models were constructed and compared with the classical FCN-8s network model. The FCN-8s network model, the network model constructed only with front-end module, and that with both the front-end module and context module (Basic and Large structure were used respectively) network model were tested. The adaptability of the network model constructed with both Front-end and context module with Large network to shadowed road images was verified better, namely the evaluation index of PA (statistical pixel accuracy), MPA (category average accuracy) and MIoU (mean intersection over union) of which were the highest. FCN-8s network model were the lowest in the evaluation index. Then the network model constructed with both Front-end and context module with Large network was used as the semantic segmentation model for field road scene. Its MIoU was 73.4% in unshadowed road test dataset and it was only decreased by 0.2 percentage points in shadowed road test dataset. Moreover, the PA and MPA in unshadowed road test dataset and shadowed road test dataset were almost the same, respectively. The results showed that the improved model in this paper had good adaptability to the shadow disturbance of field road scenes in hilly regions. The proposed model has good generalization and robustness, which realizes the prediction of pixel level of field road image in hilly regions, and provides basic support for the autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance of agricultural machines on field roads. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Roads and streets

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Agriculture  -  Computer vision  -  Convolution  -  Deep learning  -  Forecasting  -  Image segmentation  -  Navigation  -  Neural networks  -  Pixels   -  Semantics  -  Statistical tests

Uncontrolled terms: Autonomous navigation  -  Convolutional networks  -  Convolutional neural network  -  Expansion coefficients  -  Field roads  -  Scene recognition  -  Semantic segmentation  -  Surrounding environment

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.34e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Design and performance test of rolling type mass and heat transfer reactor for dry anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste

Accession number: 20192307019481

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Yuxuan (1); Luo, Feng (1); Xie, Haiying (1); Zhu, Jiemin (1); Liu, Yang (1); Du, Hongxia (1); Yasuo, Igarashi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400000, China

Corresponding author: Luo, Feng(vanlott@hotmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 210-216

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: A large amount of kitchen wastes were produced every day, and they will pose a great threat to the environment and human health if it could not be disposed properly. Nowadays, most of the kitchen wastes are disposed in landfills or incinerated, which associates with different issues, such as rising costs, lack of space, leaching, public environmental concern and emission of toxic and greenhouse effect gases. Kitchen wastes contain a large amount of organic matters like lipid and protein. Anaerobic fermentation is considered as the most attractive method for the treatment and recycle of kitchen wastes since they reduce waste volume, generate an energy-rich gas in the form of methane, and yield nutrient-containing final products. Compared to wet anaerobic fermentation, dry anaerobic fermentation is favorable in terms of a low energy requirement for heating, and the residues can be composted directly because it contains less digester effluent. However, the efficiency of dry anaerobic fermentation system is usually very low due to the retarded mass and heat transfer rates caused by high solid content. In order to improve mass and heat transfer efficiency in dry anaerobic fermentation system, in this study we designed a rolling type mass and heat transfer reactor which made substrates be freely mixed. The whole equipment consists of two parts, a pre-fermenter and a fermenter. The effective volume of pre-fermenter and fermenter was 10 L. Substrates were added to the pre-fermenter firstly and the air was removed by adding nitrogen gas. Then the air-removed substrates were discharged into the fermenter through sealed pipe. By this way less oxygen was brought into the fermenter. The performance of the reactor was investigated under mesophilic conditions (37) and the microbial community structure was investigated by analyzing 16S rRNA genes. The methane content in the rolling type mass and heat transfer reactor was over 50% after 5 days, the maximum methane content was 74.89%. The main accumulated volatile fatty acids were propionate, followed by acetate. Propionate is hard to be utilized in common anaerobic fermentation systems and leads to acidification finally. However, the propionate showed less effect on gas production and pH value in the system of our designed reactor. The removal rate of volatile solid was 68.74% after 30 days’ fermentation, and the anaerobic fermentation system was stable. The microbial community structure had dynamic changes at different periods of anaerobic fermentation. At phylum level, Firmicutes was the absolute dominant bacteria and Euryarchaeota was the dominant archaea in the system. For methanogens, Methanosarcina which can utilize all three known pathways for methane production was the absolute dominant one except in the ferment substance sampled on the first day, indicating that it is important for efficient methanogenesis in the fermentation system. Methanoculleus and Methanobacterium were the dominant genera only in the ferment material sampled on the first day, implying that they originated from inoculated sludge. The reactor we designed and the experimental data obtained in this study will be useful for the development of efficient dry anaerobic digestion system. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Anaerobic digestion

Controlled terms: Effluents  -  Fermentation  -  Fermenters  -  Greenhouse effect  -  Health risks  -  Heat transfer performance  -  Kitchens  -  Methanation  -  Methane  -  Microorganisms   -  RNA  -  Volatile fatty acids  -  Wastes

Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic fermentation  -  Dry anaerobic digestions  -  Environmental concerns  -  Fermentation systems  -  Mass and heat transfers  -  Mesophilic condition  -  Microbial community structures  -  Reactor

Classification code: 451 Air Pollution  -  452.3 Industrial Wastes  -  461 Bioengineering and Biology  -  802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804.1 Organic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.37e-02yr, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.87e+01%, Percentage 7.49e+01%, Volume 1.00e-02m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Multi-body dynamic modeling and verification of small agricultural crawler chassis

Accession number: 20192307019460

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Yu (1); Zhang, Tuo (1); Xie, Ni (1); Liang, Juke (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing; 400054, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 39-46

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Multi-body dynamics modeling and simulation has also become an important means to study the dynamic performance of the tracked vehicles, where the reliability of the analysis results depends on the accuracy of the established dynamics model. In this paper, a self-developed small mountain crawler chassis was used as the research object. To ensure the accuracy of the dynamics model, the centroid coordinates and Euler angles of the crawler chassis were selected as generalized coordinates. And the kinematics equation of the crawler chassis was established by using the limit theory and the transient motion analysis method, and the dynamic equation was established by the Lagrangian method, where the parameters that affected the precision of numerical simulation model in theory was analyzed. On this basis, combined with the topology analysis, the multi-body dynamics model of the crawler chassis was established. Firstly, using the three-dimensional software SolidWorks, combined with the physical prototype and design drawings of the crawler chassis, the three-dimensional model of the components was built and the quality characteristics, such as the coordinates of centroid, mass, moment of inertia and so on, were calculated. Secondly, the three-dimensional model of the components was imported into the multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn, and the parametric modeling of the tracks, drive wheels, tensioners and other wheel train components was built in a RecurDyn/Track (LM) environment. All of these were assembled to establish a preliminary multi-body dynamics model of the crawler chassis. Thirdly, combined with the topology analysis of the crawler chassis, the constraint relationship among the components was defined. And the quality characteristic parameters of each component were defined according to the previous calculation results. Finally, according to the actual vehicle test results under the idling condition of the crawler chassis, the stiffness coefficient and damping of the internal bushing force of the crawler belt were determined by the trial and error method. The coefficient was debugged, and the pre-tensioning force of the crawler belt was in accordance with that of the physical prototype measured at rest. In order to further verify the reliability of the established multi-body dynamics model of the crawler chassis, the real vehicle test of the crawler chassis were carried out, where two straight running conditions on hard ground and soft terrain were taken into account, and the parameters such as the average speed, side position offset, driving wheel torque and tension force were considered. By comparing the results between real vehicle test and simulation analysis under the two working conditions on hard ground and soft terrain, the validity and credibility of the model were verified. The results showed that the simulated analysis data and the actual vehicle test results of the average speed, side position offset, driving wheel torque and tension force of the crawler chassis under rigid and soft road conditions were in good agreement. The error was 5.00% and 2.27%, 3.86% and 6.83%, 3.15% and 4.66%, 0.15% and 0.62%, respectively, and the range between the simulation and the measured of driving wheel torque and tension force were 3.05% and 7.30%, 2.80% and 4.02%, respectively. Therefore, the established dynamic model of crawler chassis had high accuracy and good consistency of fluctuations, which could provide a reference model for the in-depth study of the dynamic performance of the crawler chassis. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Chassis

Controlled terms: Automobile bodies  -  Computer simulation  -  Digital storage  -  Dynamics  -  Lagrange multipliers  -  Landforms  -  Models  -  Numerical methods  -  Reliability analysis  -  Topology   -  Tracked vehicles  -  Vehicle wheels  -  Virtual prototyping

Uncontrolled terms: Generalized coordinates  -  Multi-body dynamic modeling  -  Multibody dynamics model  -  Quality characteristic  -  Real vehicle tests  -  Stiffness coefficients  -  Three-dimensional model  -  Trial-and-error method

Classification code: 481.1 Geology  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  663 Buses, Tractors and Trucks  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.27e+00%, Percentage 2.80e+00%, Percentage 3.05e+00%, Percentage 3.15e+00%, Percentage 3.86e+00%, Percentage 4.02e+00%, Percentage 4.66e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.20e-01%, Percentage 6.83e+00%, Percentage 7.30e+00%, Percentage 1.50e-01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Effects of years of rice straw retention on soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration in rice-wheat system

Accession number: 20192307019469

Title of translation:

Authors: Cui, Siyuan (1, 2); Zhu, Xinkai (1); Zhang, Chenxi (1); Cao, Guangqiao (2); Chen, Xinhua (3); Shen, Youbai (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) Jiangsu Agricultural Machinery Technology Popularization Station, Nanjing; 210017, China

Corresponding author: Zhu, Xinkai(xkzhu@yzu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 115-121

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Growing concerns about environmental conservation and sustainable intensification have raised interests in enhancing soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools. To estimate the effects of straw retention years on soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools, a field experiment initiated from 2010 with 9 straw retention year treatments (no straw retention, NR; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 straw retention years were SR1, SR2, SR3, SR4, SR5, SR6, SR7, SR8, respectively) was conducted in a rice-wheat double cropping system at Yangzhou University Experimental Station in Yangzhou on the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain of China. After 9 years of experiment, soil bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined from 3 soil depths increments. Then the C: N ratio, the stratification ratio and the storage of SOC and TN (using the equivalent soil mass approach) were calculated. This study observed that with the increase of straw retention years, the soil bulk density at 0-20 cm depth decreased gradually. Compared with NR, the soil bulk density at 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm depths showed significant differences (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 42

Main heading: Soil conservation

Controlled terms: Nitrogen  -  Organic carbon  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: C/N ratio  -  Cation ratio  -  Environmental conservation  -  Experimental stations  -  Soil organic carbon  -  Soil organic carbon and nitrogen  -  Stratification ratios  -  Total nitrogen

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Age 6.00e+00yr, Age 9.00e+00yr, Percentage 4.15e+00% to 2.41e+01%, Percentage 4.81e+00% to 2.20e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+00% to 2.57e+01%, Percentage 6.23e+00% to 2.79e+01%, Percentage 6.37e+00% to 3.10e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m to 1.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land use transition in hilly and mountainous regions based on barycenter model

Accession number: 20192307019486

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Kai (1, 2); Gu, Jinyi (1, 3); He, Hongmou (1); Dang, Suzhen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing; 210029, China; (3) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing; 210042, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 247-254

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Topographic relief is the constraining factor of land use in an area. This is especially the case in transitional zones in hilly and mountainous regions. To analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of cultivated land utilization transformation in hilly and mountainous regions, this study selected Ganzhou city as a case study area. Six period (1990, 1995, 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2014) dataset of land use of 30 m resolution images were used to extract the relief degree and land cover data of land surface. The optimal statistical unit of topographic relief was determined by means of DEM data and mean turning-point analysis method. In order to contrastive analyzing the dynamic relationship of the spatial location-relation and the spatial correlation for different land use types, this study introduced the concept of land use barycenter. The results showed that the best statistical window was proved 0.865 km2. The topographic relief of Ganzhou was divided into four grades: Plains, micro relief mountains, small relief mountains and medium relief mountains. The ranking of annual mean area for mountain types was small relief mountains>medium relief mountains>plains>micro relief mountains. In addition, the spatial distribution of elevation was consistent with the relief degree of land surface. Based on six period dataset of land use of 30 m resolution in the Ganzhou, cultivated land forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface barycenter and there movement directions of five period (1990-1995, 1995-2000, 2000-2004, 2004-2009 and 2009-2014) were calculated. Five period barycenter movement directions of cultivated land was 63.4°, 330.5°, 201.4°, 203.4° and 106.4°. Pearson correlation coefficients of barycenter movement for cultivated land and forest, grasses, bare land, water and artificial surface were 0.44, 0.94, 0.02, 0.36, 0.85. The correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land and grasses was 0.94, which was higher than the others. By tracking adjacent patch shape changes of cultivated land and grasses in observation of land use patch and land use spatial pattern, the spatial position change of cultivated land and grasses was closely related. The second high correlation coefficient of barycenter movement for cultivated land was 0.85, which was for cultivated land and artificial surface. Artificial surface had the closest ties to cultivated land, but the morphological change of cultivated land and artificial surface was not consistency. Cultivated land use intensity and the area of cultivated land use transition decreased with the raising relief degree of land surface. The major transformation types about cultivated land were mutual conversion between forest and cultivated land, and mutual conversion between grasses and cultivated land. The area change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the forest than the others. Moreover, the spatial position change of cultivated land had a higher interrelationship to the grasses than the others. The cultivated land use transition in hilly and mountainous regions is the results of natural and human effects. The study provide a scientific basis for the management of cultivated land in hilly and mountainous regions. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Land use

Controlled terms: Correlation methods  -  Forestry  -  Landforms  -  Models  -  Surface measurement

Uncontrolled terms: Cultivated lands  -  Ganzhou  -  Land surface  -  Mountainous regions  -  Spatial-temporal changes

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  481.1 Geology  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Area 8.65e+05m2, Size 3.00e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Dynamic estimation of summer maize biomass based on parameter adjustment of crop growth model

Accession number: 20192307019472

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Weiguo (1, 3); Gu, Xiaohe (2); Wang, Ermei (1); Chen, Hua (1); Ge, Guangxiu (1); Zhang, Chengcheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Information, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture & Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 136-142

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Biomass is one of the important growth indicators of summer maize (Zea mays). Timely and accurate acquisition of field summer maize biomass data and its dynamic changes is conducive to county agricultural management departments to rationally adjust field production management measures, which is of great significance for increasing maize yield based on the establishment of a simulation model of summer maize biomass process.In this paper, we analyzed above ground biomass and its variation characteristics of summer maize at different growth stages and discussed the feasibility of adjusting parameters of biomass simulation modelusing measured leaf area index and biomass datain Dafengdistrict ofYanchengcity, Jiangsu province, along the east coast of China. The simulation model of biomass process of summer maize could estimate the dynamic changes of aboveground biomass of summer maize at different growth stages from emergence to grain filling.Firstly, the simulation model can predict above ground biomass effectively because of biomass accumulation mainly coming from leaf formation from seedling emergence to pre-jointing growth stage, the root mean square difference (RMSE) of which was 18.31 kg/hm2. During the growth stage from jointing to tasseling stage, the biomass accumulation accelerate due to the elongation of stem nodes and the increase of number of nodes, and the difference between the predicted and measured values waslarge and RMSE was 825.94 kg/hm2. For example, the predicted value of biomass at early jointing stage was 535.5 kg/hm2, and the measured value was 480 kg/hm2, with a difference of 11.56%. Another example, the predicted value of biomass beforetasseling stage was 7036.46 kg/hm2, and the measured value was 5 794 kg/hm2, the difference was 21.44%. Then, adjusting the parameters of the model, the predicted biomasswas 6 036 kg/hm2, which was close to the measured biomasswith RMSE 219.43 kg/hm2. Finally, by using the simulation model adjusted by the parameters, we predictedbiomass during the growth period from tasseling to grain filling that predicted values were in good agreement with the measured values, and the determinant coefficient between them was 0.978 and RMSE was 182.95 kg/hm2. For example, the predicted biomass at grain filling stage before parameter adjustment was12 492 kg/hm2, the measured biomass was 10 785 kg/hm2, the relative error was15.83%, and the predicted biomass after parameter adjustment was 11 156 kg/hm2with the relative error of 3.44%.This study provided an effective informatics method for forecasting the aboveground biomass and its dynamic changes of summer maize at different growth stages, and could assist the county agricultural management departments to adjust production measurestimely. Combining remote sensing data with crop process simulation model to estimate regional crop biomass or yield was a hot topic in the remote sensing application in agriculture. In this paper, crop process simulation model was used to analyze the trend of biomass change at three growth stages of summer maize, namely, emergence to jointing, jointing to tasseling, tasseling to filling, and to clarify the law of biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake characteristics at corresponding growth stages. In the follow-up study, LAI and biomass inversion using remote sensing data will be further considered, and assimilation and application of remote sensing data and crop process simulation model will be studied to enhance the universality and effectiveness of maize biomass process simulation model in maize planting areas along the East coast in China. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Ecology

Controlled terms: Biomass  -  Crops  -  Filling  -  Forecasting  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Industrial management  -  Nutrients  -  Remote sensing

Uncontrolled terms: Crop model  -  East coast  -  Parameter adjustments  -  Process simulation model  -  Remote sensing applications  -  Root mean square differences  -  Summer maize  -  Variation characteristics

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  912.2 Management

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 2.14e+01%, Percentage 3.44e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Design of underground position detector for winter bamboo shoot based on time domain reflectometry

Accession number: 20192307019459

Title of translation:

Authors: Lin, Weizheng (1); Wang, Junnan (1); Ni, Zhongjin (2); Lü, Yan (2); Ni, Yihua (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) Zhejiang Province Bamboo Resources and Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Utilization, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Forestry Perception Technology and Intelligent Equipment of the State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou; 311300, China

Corresponding author: Ni, Yihua(nyh@zafu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 31-38

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Winter bamboo shoots are not only of great value but also in great demand, but it is difficult to find in the field. There is no specialized detecting device in the market except expensive ground penetrating radar and the EM-38 earth electromagnetic induction instrument. However, their prices are more than 100 000 RMB. Therefore, in this study, we not merely built a winter-bamboo-shoots-soil permittivity model at high frequencies, but also analyzed traditional time-domain reflectometry (TDR). As such we finally put forward a method of detecting winter bamboo shoots based on time-domain reflection. Then, according to the detecting method, a new winter bamboo boots detector with low cost and convenient operation was designed. Electromagnetic waves have different propagation velocities and attenuation rates in different medium, accordingly the amplitude ratio and the phase difference of microwaves show differences through different medium. Hence, the detector first emitted and received microwaves by two antennas. Then the differences of amplitude ratio and phase difference appeared so that the detector can distinguish whether there were winter bamboo shoots or not. The whole detector was divided into three modules: High frequency module, low frequency module and antenna module. Hardware of the detector included following modules: A high frequency signal source system based on phase locked loop (PLL), wave filters, an amplitude and phase detection system, antennas, microprocessors and related Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), buzzers and buttons, etc. Software system was set up founded on the hardware. The high frequency signal source was mainly based on ADF4350, the amplitude and phase detection module was based on AD8302, and the microprocessor was STC15L2K. The detector used two antennas of the same type to receive and transmit microwaves. The 3×3 Latin square experiment was used to optimize the parameters. In the test, the moisture content of the soil was measured by soil moisture sensor first. Then the processor set thresholds of the amplitude ratio and the phase difference according to the soil moisture content so that the buzzer sounded the alarm automatically as soon as the collected value exceeded the threshold. In addition, winter bamboo shoots were buried in the soil as a control group, and the soil was detected by microwaves of different frequencies. The test showed that stones and bamboo leaves hardly had an impact on the detector. It also showed that the result was most obvious when the microwave frequency was 790 MHz. In this case, the analog voltage generated by the amplitude ratio of the soil with winter bamboo shoots was less than that of the solid without winter bamboo shoots by at least 15%, and the analog voltage generated by the phase difference was at least 15% higher than that of the solid without winter bamboo shoots. Many field detective tests were done in bamboo forest which showed that the winter bamboo shoots detector had an accuracy rate of approximately 70%. In conclusion, the winter bamboo shoots detector had both stable performance and high accuracy, which can save more than 25% of the searching time, and its cost was less than 1/10 of that of ground penetrating radar. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Bamboo

Controlled terms: Analog to digital conversion  -  Antennas  -  Costs  -  Design  -  Electromagnetic induction  -  Electromagnetic waves  -  Geological surveys  -  Geophysical prospecting  -  Ground penetrating radar systems  -  Integrated circuit design   -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Microwaves  -  Moisture control  -  Moisture determination  -  Permittivity  -  Permittivity measurement  -  Phase comparators  -  Phase locked loops  -  Reflection   -  Reflectometers  -  Signal detection  -  Soil moisture  -  Time domain analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Amplitude ratios  -  Analog to digital converters  -  Bamboo shoots  -  Ground Penetrating Radar  -  Phase difference  -  Phase Locked Loop (PLL)  -  Time domain reflections  -  Time domain reflectometry

Classification code: 481.1 Geology  -  481.4 Geophysical Prospecting  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  711 Electromagnetic Waves  -  713.5 Electronic Circuits Other Than Amplifiers, Oscillators, Modulators, Limiters, Discriminators or Mixers  -  714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment  -  811.1 Pulp and Paper  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics  -  921 Mathematics  -  941.3 Optical Instruments  -  942.2 Electric Variables Measurements  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 7.90e+08Hz, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Determination of first lateral flushing time and period to mitigate risk of emitter clogging in drip irrigation

Accession number: 20192307019464

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Wenqian (1, 2); Niu, Wenquan (1, 3, 4); Li, Xuekai (1, 2); Lü, Min (1, 2); Yang, Xiaokun (1, 2); Wen, Shenglin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Niu, Wenquan(nwq@nwafu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 70-77

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Flushing the drip tubes (laterals) is one of the simplest, most convenient and effective methods for anti-clogging of emitters. However, it is still unclear whether the lateral flushing lowers the risk of emitter clogging in the drip irrigation system watered by Yellow River. In order to explore the influence of lateral flushing periods on the risk of emitter clogging during the integrated irrigation process of water and fertilizer in Yellow River drip irrigation area, a set of short-cycle indoor drip irrigation simulation tests were carried out under 4 different flushing periods (3, 5, 7 and 10 d) and 2 kinds of water (0.8 g/L sediment concentration without urea and 0.8 g/L sediment concentration with 1% urea) in the study. The mean relative flow rate, the recovery rate of flow after flushing events, the flushing rate of sediment in laterals and the particle composition of the sediment were analyzed. The results showed that after the irrigation of muddy water, the mean relative flow rate in flushing treatments were 14.29%-47.77% higher (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Flow rate  -  Metabolism  -  Particle size  -  Particle size analysis  -  Recovery  -  Risk assessment  -  Rivers  -  Sedimentation  -  Sediments  -  Urea

Uncontrolled terms: Clogging  -  Cross sectional area  -  Drip irrigation  -  Drip irrigation systems  -  Emitters  -  Lateral flushing periods  -  Particle size composition  -  Sediment concentration

Classification code: 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 8.00e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.29e+01% to 1.27e+02%, Percentage 1.43e+01% to 4.78e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Adsorption-remove effect of p-nitrophenol in water by peanut shell biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures

Accession number: 20192307019483

Title of translation: 4-

Authors: Gao, Xiuhong (1); Liu, Ziming (2); Teng, Honghui (1); Yang, Chunwei (1); Tang, Qian (1); Li, Yao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Pollution Control, Education Department of Jilin Province, Jilin Normal University, Siping; 136000, China; (2) Jilin Vocational College of Engineering, Siping; 136001, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 224-230

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Biomass carbon is produced from wood or other agricultural and forestry wastes by high temperature pyrolysis under low oxygen or oxygen-limited conditions. It has high carbon content and porosity, large specific surface area and good adsorption performance. In addition, the preparation process is simple and the materials are widely available. Peanut is an important oil crop in China, thus peanut shell is a kind of agricultural waste with a large output. The comprehensive utilization value of peanut shell has been widely concerned. Therefore, biomass carbon has received extensive attention in soil remediation, sewage and waste gas treatment. The adsorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by biochars (BC400, BC500, BC600) prepared from pyrolysis of peanut shells at different temperature (400, 500, 600 ) was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The amount of biomass charcoal produced at different temperature conditions decreased from 28.83% at 400 to 19.40% at 600 . The pyrolysis reaction of biomass charcoal at 400-500 was more severe than that at 500-600 , and the mass loss ratio was decreased from 42.3% to 31.1%; The ash and volatile matter increased significantly with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, while the water content showed a slow downward trend. The ash on the surface of biochar was removed by hydrochloric acid washing. Combined with the element analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis method, pyrolysis temperature showed a pronounced effect on properties of biochar, so effecting its adsorption characteristics on PNP. The deoxidation and dehydrogenation reaction of peanut shells in the process of pyrolysis and carbonization increased with the increase of temperature, and the degree of carbonization increased with the increase of temperature. At the same time, the ratio of biomass carbon H/C, O/C, (O+N)/C gradually decreased, reflecting that the oxygen-containing functional groups in biomass carbon decreased with the increasing temperature. The biomass carbon with more complete aromatic structure had stronger hydrophobicity and lower polarity, which was beneficial to increase the adsorption capacity of biomass carbon for organic matter. Results showed that the output of biochar was decreased with rise of temperature, but the carbon content gradually increased, reflecting that the functional groups containing oxygen in the biochar decreased with the rise of temperature. The higher temperature of pyrolysis was, the more stability of the biochar structure. Adsorption isotherm conformed with the Freundlich model, linear fitting was very good, R2 was between 0.954-0.991. Contrasting pseudo secondary dynamics model, the Elovich model and the diffusion model in particle adsorption behavior, the results showed that the pseudo secondary adsorption dynamics model fitting effect was best, R2 was between 0.981-0.999, equilibrium adsorption amount increased with the rise of the biochar preparation temperature (BC600> BC500>BC400). BC600 adsorption capacity was 34.48 mg/g, that was 2.25 times of the BC400. With NaOH as desorbent, the desorption efficiency of PNP was the highest at 68.21% when the concentration of NaOH was 1.0 mg/L. It can be seen that the regeneration of biomass carbon had certain feasibility. Therefore, the preparation of high temperature peanut shells biochar can be used as a good functional material for PNP removal. Peanut shell biomass carbon has broad development prospects in the field of sewage treatment. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 23

Main heading: Adsorption

Controlled terms: Agricultural wastes  -  Biomass  -  Carbon  -  Carbonization  -  Charcoal  -  Dehydrogenation  -  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy  -  Functional materials  -  Oilseeds  -  Organic carbon   -  Oxygen  -  Petroleum prospecting  -  Phenols  -  Pyrolysis  -  Reforestation  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Sewage treatment  -  Shells (structures)  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Soil conservation   -  Soil pollution  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Batch adsorption experiments  -  Comprehensive utilizations  -  Dehydrogenation reactions  -  High-temperature pyrolysis  -  Large specific surface areas  -  Oxygen-containing functional groups  -  p-Nitrophenol  -  Peanut shells

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  452.2 Sewage Treatment  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  524 Solid Fuels  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 2.88e+01%, Percentage 6.82e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Rurality evaluation and spatial autocorrelation type classification based on quality of life in metropolitan suburbs

Accession number: 20192307019488

Title of translation:

Authors: Ren, Guoping (1, 2); Liu, Liming (2); Guan, Qingchun (2); Sun, Jin (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Management, Hunan City University, Yiyang; 413000, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Liming(liulm@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 264-275

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Rurality is an important indicator which reflects rural development, reveals its internal difference and measures rural area space. The degree of rurality is the representing evidence of rural regional type differentiation and reflects the multifunctional evolutional tendency of urban-rural space profoundly. What constitutes development and how it should be measured is a very important question. In this research, we constructed the index system of income and expenditure of daily living based on the theory of quality of live, used the comparative analysis method of urban and rural indicators to classify the rural grade, used the local spatial autocorrelation method spatial correlation analyzing the rural indicators of 184 evaluation units in Qingpu district, divided the rural types of Qingpu district in 2016 according to the combination types produced by space superposition, and put forward the corresponding management measures. The results showed that it was an effective method to judge the degree of rural development in the context of urban-rural integration by selecting income and expenditure indicators that represented the quality of life of rural residents to construct a rurality evaluation system, and used the comparison of indicators between urban and rural areas to judge the regional rural nature. The differentiation of rural spaces in Qingpu district was obvious, and the rurality increased gradually from east to west. According to the evaluation results of the comprehensive index and grade of rural nature in Qingpu district in 2016, the total area of rural first class area was 75.94 km2, accounting for 11.60% of the total area, mainly distributed in the eastern and central areas of Xiayang and Xujing. The total area of rural secondary area was 28.01% of the total area of 187.28 km2, mainly distributed in Xianghuaqiao and Huaxin in the north and northeast of central China. The total area of rural third class area was 140.36 km2, accounting for 21.00% of the total area, mainly distributed in Baihe town and Zhujiajiao town in the middle and north. The total area of the rural area was 264.94 km2, which was mainly distributed in Jinze and Liantang in the west of Qingqu district. The types of rurality in Qingpu district had various and different ways of development based on quality of life. According to the degree of local spatial agglomeration and dispersion of rural comprehensive index, 184 evaluation units of village area in Qingpu district can be divided 10 rural types. According to the results of rural classification, countermeasures and differentiated management measures were adopted. The results enrich the theory of rural geography and provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of rural areas. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 41

Main heading: Rural areas

Controlled terms: Autocorrelation  -  Quality control  -  Regional planning

Uncontrolled terms: Qingpu district  -  Rurality  -  Rurality evaluation  -  Space division  -  Urbanism

Classification code: 403.2 Regional Planning and Development  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Area 1.40e+08m2, Area 1.87e+08m2, Area 2.65e+08m2, Area 7.59e+07m2, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Multiple analysis of relationship between yield of Agaricus bisporus with physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of substrates

Accession number: 20192307019484

Title of translation:

Authors: Cai, Panpan (1); Zhang, Wenqiang (1); Zhang, Haolin (1); Wang, Qinghui (2); Zhang, Guoqing (3); Chen, Qingjun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China; (2) Xingchunhe Agricultural Co., Ltd, Luanping; 068250, China; (3) College of Biological Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China) Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Qingjun(cqj3305@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 231-237

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the yield of Agaricus bisporus with physicochemical properties of the secondary fermentation substrates used for Agaricus bisporus cultivation and the effect of various factors on the yield formation, to provide a scientific reference for the production and evaluation of fermentation substrates increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus, 10 batches of different raw materials were used to make compost and tunnel fermentation technology was used for fermentation. The temperature and humidity of the mushroom house were monitored and adjusted through the air conditioning automatic control system to ensure the growth of Agaricus bisporus. The fermented substrates were sampled, and the physicochemical properties and enzyme activity of which were determined, such as water content, pH, EC, carbon content, nitrogen content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, cellulose and hemicellulose content and the enzyme activity of xylanase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC), α-cellobiohydrolase, xylosidase, α-arabinofuranosidase and so on, totally 13 factors. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to classify these factors. Counting the yield of each batch of Agaricus bisporus and using multiple regression analysis the relationship between the factors and the yield of Agaricus bisporus were established. The results showed that hemicellulase and cellulase, pH, EC, nitrogen content and carbohydrate related factors were the main components of the fermentation substrates. Principal component analysis extracted 4 principal components from 13 factors, which were divided into carbohydrate change factor, main degrading enzymes of cellulose, EC value and nitrogen content, main degrading enzymes of hemicellulose. The variance contribution rate were 31.18%, 18.45%, 18.34%, and 16.08%, respectively. Their cumulative contribution rate was 84.04%, which represented most of the original factor. Cluster analysis clustered 13 factors into 4 categories, namely carbohydrate change factor, EC value and nitrogen content, degrading enzymes of hemicellulose, and pH value. Cluster analysis is simple and intuitive but can only classifies similar factors into one class. Principal component analysis can not only extract 4 principal components, but also have a high cumulative contribution rate. Compared with cluster analysis, the results of principal component analysis are more objective and reasonable. The equation between yield of Agaricus bisporus with the carboxymethyl cellulase activity, xylanase activity and cellulose content of secondary fermentation substrates was established by multiple regression analysis,which fitting well. There were positive linear relationship between xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase activity and the yield of Agaricus bisporus. The cellulose content had a negative linear relationship with the yield of Agaricus bisporus. This equation can be used to predict the possible yield of Agaricus bisporus when various physicochemical factors and enzyme activity of fermentation substrates are measured. The comprehensive analysis of the three methods showed that the yield of Agaricus bisporus was affected by various factors of fermentation substrates together. The activities of xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulase were more closely related to the yield of Agaricus bisporus than other factors, and positively correlated with the yield of Agaricus bisporus. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 41

Main heading: Principal component analysis

Controlled terms: Air conditioning  -  Automation  -  Carbohydrates  -  Carbon  -  Cellulose  -  Chemical analysis  -  Chemical properties  -  Cluster analysis  -  Composting  -  Enzyme activity   -  Factor analysis  -  Fermentation  -  Fungi  -  Humidity control  -  Nitrogen  -  Physical properties  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Regression analysis  -  Substrates

Uncontrolled terms: Agaricus bisporus  -  Carboxymethyl cellulase  -  Cellulose and hemicellulose  -  Fermentation technologies  -  Multiple regression analysis  -  Physico-chemical factors  -  Temperature and humidities  -  Yield

Classification code: 461.9 Biology  -  643.3 Air Conditioning  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  801 Chemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 3.12e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Effect of guanidine polymer addition on antibacterial property and physical performance of antibacterial food packaging

Accession number: 20192307019492

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Min (1); Zhao, Yongfu (1); Xie, Hongde (2); Jin, Yuya (2); Huang, Qian (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipments, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Institute of Material Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou; 215021, China; (3) College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Yongfu(zyfzyf2002@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 303-310

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to develop a safe and efficient antibacterial material, the PHMB antibacterial film was prepared by preparing a polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) antibacterial masterbatch and adding the antibacterial masterbatch to a polyethylene substrate. The effects of the amount of PHMB masterbatch (0~7%) on the antibacterial and physical properties of the film were compared, and the antibacterial film preservation experiment was carried out. The results showed that the antibacterial property of the film increased with the increase of the amount of PHMB masterbatch added. The antibacterial film has good physical properties and preservation effect. In the inhibition of Escherichia coli, when the amount of PHMB masterbatch added amount was 3%, the number of plaques after bacterial suspension was significantly reduced after contact with the film for 24 hours, and the antibacterial rate was 85.2%. When the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 4%, only 3 colonies eluted from the film, and the antibacterial rate was 99.1%. Moreover, the antibacterial rate data had a small variance, and the antibacterial film had a relatively stable and strong antibacterial effect. In the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, when the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 2%, 3%, the plaque eluted from the antibacterial membrane was significantly reduced compared with the CK membrane, and the antibacterial rate was 60.3%, 72.6%. When the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition was 4%, only 2 colonies were cultured on the plate and the antibacterial rate increased to 99.2%. The antibacterial film had strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial rate of PHMB (4%) antibacterial film against Shanghai green-loaded colonies was 83.4%, and the antibacterial rate of PHMB (6%) antibacterial film against Shanghai Qing loaded colonies was more than 90%. Shanghai Qing does not have any treatment, and various microorganisms in the field accompany it. The microbial species in the flora are diversified, and the antibacterial effect of the PHMB antibacterial membrane is still significant. This shows that PHMB antibacterial film has the characteristics of broad-spectrum antibacterial and strong antibacterial. After 6 months of storage of PHMB (4%) antibacterial film, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 97.5% and 96.9%, respectively. The antibacterial rate of the film decreased slightly, but it still maintained strong antibacterial properties. It shows that PHMB antibacterial film has antibacterial long-term effect. After the addition of the PHMB masterbatch, the transmittance of the film began to increase gradually, followed by a slight decrease. At 560 nm wavelength, the transmittance of the control film was 86.9%, and the transmittance of the antibacterial film of PHMB (5%) was the highest, reaching 89.1%. In general, the transmittance of the antibacterial film did not change much and was not affected at all. After the addition of PHMB masterbatch, the water vapor transmission rate of the film showed an increasing trend, but the increase was not obvious. As the amount of PHMB masterbatch addition increased from 0 to 3%, the water vapor transmission rate of the antibacterial film increased from 28.86 to 35.25 g/(m2•d), and then tended to be steady. After the addition of the PHMB masterbatch, the moisture permeability of the film did not change much, and the moisture permeability was still maintained, which was beneficial to the storage and preservation of the food. With the increase of the amount of PHMB masterbatch added, the mechanical properties of the antibacterial film increased first and then decreased. The mechanical strength was the highest when the amount of the masterbatch was 4%, and the mechanical properties of the antibacterial film which added PHMB masterbatch was superior to those of the CK film. The PHMB (4%) antibacterial membrane was effective in inhibiting the growth of total colonies, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in dried salmon samples. Samples packaged in PHMB antibacterial film can reduce the irradiation dose and save energy in the subsequent irradiation sterilization process. Therefore, it was determined that the optimal amount of PHMB masterbatch in the antibacterial film was 4%. The film had good processability, mechanical strength, and long-lasting antibacterial properties, while achieving non-toxic, odor-free, environmentally friendly requirements. The subsequent application of PHMB antibacterial film in various food storage and preservation can be further explored. This study provides a reference for the development of antimicrobial materials. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Food storage

Controlled terms: Bacteria  -  Digital storage  -  Escherichia coli  -  Films  -  Irradiation  -  Mechanical properties  -  Moisture  -  Physical properties  -  Polyethylenes  -  Water vapor

Uncontrolled terms: Antibacterial  -  Antibacterial materials  -  Antibacterial properties  -  Film materials  -  Performance  -  PHMB  -  Polyhexamethylene biguanide  -  Water vapor transmission rate

Classification code: 694.4 Storage  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  815.1.1 Organic Polymers  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 5.00e-01yr, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 3.00e+00%, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 7.00e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 6.03e+01%, Percentage 7.26e+01%, Percentage 8.34e+01%, Percentage 8.52e+01%, Percentage 8.69e+01%, Percentage 8.91e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.69e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Percentage 9.91e+01%, Percentage 9.92e+01%, Size 5.60e-07m, Time 8.64e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Design and parameter optimization of corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device to reduce loss

Accession number: 20192307019458

Title of translation:

Authors: Fu, Qiankun (1, 2); Fu, Jun (1, 2); Wang, Fengde (3); Chen, Zhi (2, 3); Ren, Luquan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (3) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Fu, Jun(fu_jun@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 21-30

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Grain loss rate is one of the most important performance index of corn head in mechanized harvesting. Seed harvesting is the main development direction of mechanized corn harvesting. The characters of seed harvesting corn variaty increased the urgency to reduce grain loss on corn head. The paper was proposed to solve the problem of grain loss on corn head. Theoretical analysis was conducted to the snapping process. Corn ear was subjected to pull force by the snapping rolls and the pull force transferred by corn stalk. Corn kernels were divided into 2 types due to their force condition. A kernel at the bottom end of corn ear was subjected to reaction forces by stripper plates, corn cob and the adjacent kernels and shear force by the pedicel. Kernels out of contact with the stripper plates were subjected to reaction forces by the adjacent kernels, pull force and shear force by corn cob. As the impact force was related to the impact time according to the theorem of impulse, the paper analyzed collision model between corn ear and stripper plates in the snapping process. A mathematical model was obtained about the impact time and intrinsic parameters of the system. The impact time was dependent on system mass, stiffness coefficient and damping coefficient, which laid on the mechanical structure and materials of collision objects. So, the impact force would decrease as the impact time could be prolonged by reducing the stiffness coefficient and raising the damping coefficient. The quantity of shed kernels could be reduced consequently. The paper proposed a corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device to reduce loss. The corn head consisted of the frame, gear-box, snapping rolls, gathering chain, wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device, and chain wheels. The wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device consisted of snapping wheel axle, spring seat axle, supporting axle, buffer spring, and snapping wheel frame. Force analysis was conducted on the snapping wheel. According to the force conditions and dimension boundary condition, the structure diameters of snapping wheel, snapping wheel frame, and buffer spring were confirmed. In order to obtain the optimal parameters with the minimum loss rate of wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device, the optimization experiments were conducted of the factors at 3 different levels. In the optimization experiments, the snapping wheel radius was designed at 10, 15 and 20 mm respectively, the flexible body thickness was at 2, 4 and 6 mm respectively, the snapping rolls rotating speed at 700, 800 and 900 r/min respectively. The Response Surface Analysis method was used to design the experiments. The software Design-Expert 8.0.6.1 was used to analyze the data. Regression equation was induced according to the experiment and analysis above. The optimal combination of wheel type coupling snapping device was as follows: The snapping rolls rotating speed was 700 r/min, the snapping wheel radius was 15 mm, the flexible body thickness was 4 mm. Verification contrast test was conducted between corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device and the one with snapping rolls and stripper plates on corns at different moisture contents. As the kernels moisture contents were 21.8%, 16.7% and 13.4%, the grain loss rate decreased 53.4%, 48.6% and 47.0% respectively. This study provides not only theoretical basis but also design reference for the improvement of corn harvester design. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Axles  -  Damping  -  Design  -  Flexible couplings  -  Harvesting  -  Machine design  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Optimization   -  Plates (structural components)  -  Rotating machinery  -  Software design  -  Stiffness  -  Surface analysis  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Corn  -  Corn head  -  Ear snapping  -  Loss reduction  -  Rigid flexible coupling

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  602.2 Mechanical Transmissions  -  723.1 Computer Programming  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 1.67e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+01%, Percentage 4.70e+01%, Percentage 4.86e+01%, Percentage 5.34e+01%, Rotational_Speed 7.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 9.00e+02RPM, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 6.00e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Analysis of erosive rainfall distribution and sediment yield on long-term field monitoring sloping bare land of red soil

Accession number: 20192307019471

Title of translation:

Authors: Tu, Anguo (1, 2); Xie, Songhua (1); Li, Ying (1); Mo, Minghao (1); Nie, Xiaofei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing; 210098, China

Corresponding author: Xie, Songhua(1078251110@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 129-135

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Red soil region in southern China is one of the regions where soil erosion and flood disasters are serious, and the erosive rainfall is the direct driving force. The distribution of erosive rainfall and its erosion characteristics are the basis for understanding the law of soil erosion, and can also provide a theoretical basis for comprehensive control of soil and water conservation. At present, most of the relevant research data series are collected relatively in short time frames and the conclusions from those studies need further verifications. At the same time, there is a lack of research on soil erodibility characteristics under erosive rainfall. In this study, data of rainfall and sediment of 565 individual erosive rainfalls from 2001 to 2016 in experimental plots on bare slopes of red soil in north part of Jiangxi Province were collected, and then the distribution characteristics of erosive rainfall and its erosivity were analyzed from the intensity and frequency of rainfall and their impacts on soil erosion. On this basis, the influence of rainfall pattern on erosion and sediment yield was analyzed. The results showed that the average annual erosive rainfall in the study area was 1 246.2 mm, accounting for 87.82% of the total annual average rainfall, mainly distributed in the rainfall amount greater than 25 mm and the rain intensity less than 5 mm/h. The durations of rainfall erosion events with erosion intensity less than 100 t/km2 accounted for 76.81% of the total rainfall times, while the total amount of erosion sediment accounted for only 7.28% of the total amount of sediment. Rainfall erosion duration with erosion intensity greater than 500 t/km2 accounted for only 6.36% of the total times, but the erosion sediment amount accounted for 60.96% of the total amount of sediment, which indicated that the distribution of sediment yield under rainfall erosion was extremely uneven. The amount of soil erosion mainly occurred in the slope land under 25-100 mm rainfall, and the number of soil erosion occurred under this rainfall accounted for 46.37% of the total number of rain events, resulting in 71.67% of the total amount of soil erosion. Among them, erosion intensity greater than 1 000 t/km2 was concentrated in 25-50 mm grade rainfall. High rainfall intensity greater than 20 mm/h had a low proportion of soil erosion, resulted in both occurrence frequency and in the total amount of soil erosion, but the probability of strong erosion caused by such event was high. Soil erosion of bare slopes in red soil was mainly affected by both rainfall intensity and rainfall. The rainfall of 25-50 mm and the average rainfall intensity of 5-10 mm/h resulted in the largest amount of soil erosion. Medium rainfall intensity and heavy rainfall or moderate rainfall and large rainfall intensity were the rainfall patterns that caused severe erosion. The rainfall amount of 100 mm and the rainfall intensity of 20 mm/h can be used as the reference value of rainfall standard for soil erosion prevention in red soil bare sloping land. The results will provide a useful reference for further revealing the law of soil erosion on red soil sloping land and constructing erosion prediction model. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Soil conservation

Controlled terms: Erosion  -  Rain  -  Sediments  -  Soils  -  Storms  -  Water conservation

Uncontrolled terms: Characteristic value  -  Comprehensive controls  -  Distribution characteristics  -  Erosion characteristics  -  Erosion predictions  -  Rainfall distribution  -  Red soils  -  Soil and water conservation

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  444 Water Resources  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.64e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+01%, Percentage 6.36e+00%, Percentage 7.17e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+00%, Percentage 7.68e+01%, Percentage 8.78e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 2.46e-01m, Size 2.50e-02m to 1.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-02m, Size 2.50e-02m to 5.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Environmental effects of root zone ventilation on canopy and rhizosphere of lettuce in plant factory

Accession number: 20192307019477

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Kun (1, 2); Zou, Zhirong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing; 100081, China

Corresponding author: Zou, Zhirong(zouzhirong2005@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 178-187

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The plant factory has been developed for many years, a series of theory and approach of environmental control in such facilities have been established. However, the environmental parameters closed to the plants were significantly affected by the physiological activity of leaves and boundary layer resistance of the canopy, leading to suboptimal microclimate deviated from the set values, poor ventilation uniformity and inefficiency of air conditioning. In this study, a new environmental control technic was proposed to introduce the regulated ambient air into the interlayer between cultivation plates and nutrient solution surface in a deep flow hydroponic system, then flow out upward into the internal canopy through the reserved vent hole units on cultivation plates, which was called root zone ventilation(RV). By adjusting the fan speeds and their running modes, low rotation rate continuous root zone ventilation (LCRV) and high rotation rate intermittent root zone ventilation (HIRV) treatments were proposed. The effects of these treatments on microclimate change of mature butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) were examined, and the performances on environmental regulation were evaluated by comparison with conventional environment control (CEC) under identical ambient environment conditions at the same time. RV treatments were carefully isolated by black films to prevent airflow impact from ambient. The CEC cultivation area was in an open state, under the air distribution of the plant factory, air flowed over the canopy from one side to another, formed the traditional side ventilation mode. The results showed that the interlayer air temperature of all treatments were lower than ambient value, while higher in relative humidity (RH). Specifically, LCRV earned the lowest temperature, which was 2.67 °C lower than ambient. RH of CEC was the highest, which was 100%. Identical trend was also observed in the internal canopy, where LCRV temperature was 3.47 °C lower than ambient, and the RH of CEC was 27.56% higher. The CO2 concentration in such area under the action of LCRV is 139×10-6 higher than CEC. With the increasing of height and canopy occlusion, the influence of RV on the environmental parameters of canopy was gradually weakened. Although LCRV was still the lowest in temperature, the gap from ambient was narrowed down to 0.75 °C, while CEC temperature grew from below to 0.84 °C above ambient. Reduction was observed in RH differences as well. LCRV, the highest in RH, was only 15.8% higher than ambient. In nutrient solution, its temperature in LCRV was 4.03°C lower than CEC. Meanwhile, HIRV slowed down the dissolved oxygen (DO) depletion to a big extent. At the end of the experiment, DO in HIRV was still maintained at 3.8 mg/L, while the other treatments were only 2.8 mg/L. In conclusion, RV technique overcomes the airflow occlusion and boundary layer resistance of canopy effectively. Benefit from it, uniformity, efficiency of ventilation and environment control were improved. In addition, there were obvious differences between the microclimate around canopy in CEC and plant factory ambient, showed the importance of using microenvironment parameters around the plants as the temperature control targets, instead of the ambient. RV played a positive role in lowering internal canopy temperature. It was feasible to cut down energy consumption by increasing ambient setting temperature while reducing refrigeration capacity and start-up frequency of air condition system. For CEC, further refrigeration capacity and energy consumption were inquired to achieve approximate environmental parameters around canopy as RV did. In addition, RV influenced the rhizosphere parameters positively. The decreasing of nutrient solution temperature and DO descent rate may have great impact on root development and plant growth. In future technological renewal of plant factories, this kind of precise microclimate control technology for each cultivation units will replace existing whole space ventilation mode and applied in medium and large plant factories. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 49

Main heading: Plants (botany)

Controlled terms: Air conditioning  -  Atmospheric humidity  -  Boundary layers  -  Dissolved oxygen  -  Energy utilization  -  Environmental engineering  -  Environmental management  -  Environmental regulations  -  Forestry  -  Humidity control   -  Nutrients  -  Physiological models  -  Plant life extension  -  Refrigeration  -  Soils  -  Temperature  -  Ventilation

Uncontrolled terms: Boundary layer resistance  -  Environment control  -  Environmental control  -  Environmental parameter  -  Interlayer  -  Microclimate  -  Physiological activity  -  Refrigeration capacity

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  643.3 Air Conditioning  -  643.5 Ventilation  -  644.1 Refrigeration Methods

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 2.80e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 3.80e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 2.76e+01%, Temperature 2.74e+02K, Temperature 2.76e+02K, Temperature 2.77e+02K

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Effect of drying room environment on color of green raisin in Xinjiang

Accession number: 20192307019491

Title of translation:

Authors: Xie, Hui (1); Zhang, Wen (1); Han, Shouan (1); Wang, Min (1); Bai, Shijian (2); Quan, Ruijie (1); Tang, Chenqi (1); Zhao, Zhexiao (1); Pan, Mingqi (1); Aihaiti, Aizimaiti (3); Li, Jiang (4); Lu, Shengzu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Institute of Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (2) Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shanshan; 838200, China; (3) College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (4) College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Corresponding author: Lu, Shengzu(1256220860@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 295-302

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Xinjiang is the largest cultivated and output region of grape in China. Green raisins are the main varieties of raisins in Xinjiang, which is also a specialty of Xinjiang. Green raisins are highly respected by customer due to its fresh, attractive green color and sweet flavor. The price of green raisin is 2-3 times as much as red brown raisins, obviously green raisins have higher economic value. The unique environment and natural conditions of Xinjiang are conducive to fresh grape cultivation and raisin production. Thompson Seedless is the main dry grape variety in Xinjiang, the planting area of Thompson Seedless is in the range from 40 000 to 50 000 hectares. The annual production of raisins in Xinjiang ranges from 150 000 to 180 000 t, the yield of raisins in Xinjiang reached to more than 95% and more than 8% of the country’s and the word’s total output, respectively. Turpan and Hami are the main producing areas of raisins in China and also the largest producing areas of green raisins in the world. The special environmental conditions of drying room in Turpan and Hami areas of Xinjiang are the key factor for green raisin production. In this article we made systematic detection and analysis to decipher the key index of green raisins, including the whole drying period the temperature, humidity and light environment index between drying room and control (sun-dried). The following conclusions have been drawn: The extremely high temperature and dry ecological conditions in Turpan, and the appropriate temperature /humidity which created by the specific structure of air drying room in this special ecological environment are the key factors for green raisin production. The sun drying indices such as maximum daily temperature (30.5-36.3 ), mean daily temperature (25.8-30.0 ) and differential value (DIF) (7.8-17.2 ) during the period of drying process can effectively reduced by the drying room, the 3 key indices range from variation of sun drying respectively are 40.8-68.0, 27.0-34.0 and 27.7-50.0 . The humidity in the air drying room is not easily affected by the external humidity, the another key factor for green raisins production is humidity stabilized at 15.0%-35.0%.The low light and ultraviolet ray intensity in the drying room is one of the important factors for green raisins production. Compared with sun drying condition the light and UV intensity are respectively over 2 000 and 121.5 μmol/(m2•s), the light intensity and UV intensity in the air drying room are controlled below 3.3 and 1.46 μmol/(m2•s). The color of raisin is mainly controlled by the content of chlorophyll a, which made by air drying is significantly higher than in brown raisins which makes by sun drying, and there is no significant difference in chlorophyll b content between the two groups. According to the comprehensive analysis, low light intensity, stable temperature and humidity are the key factors for the formation of green raisins. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for drying room structure improvement and industrial product condition control. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Chlorophyll  -  Color  -  Cultivation  -  Ecology  -  Humidity control  -  Solar dryers  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Agriculture products  -  Air drying  -  Deciphering  -  Light environment  -  Raisins

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Area 4.00e+08m2 to 5.00e+08m2, Percentage 1.50e+01% to 3.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.50e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Analysis for effect of tire tread element of imitation reindeer plantar morphology on tire anti-skid performance

Accession number: 20192307019461

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Rui (1); Li, Guoyu (1); Qiao, Yu (1); Jiang, Lei (2); Li, Jianqiao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China; (2) China North Vehicle Research Institute, Beijing; 100072, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 47-54

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Tires are very important on the performance of automobiles. The tread structure guarantees that the vehicle and the road surface have a good grasp, so as to play the traction performance and braking effect of the vehicle. The paper based on Reverse Engineering technology, the characteristic structure of reindeer feet was applied to the design of tread element structure, which could effectively improve the passing performance of tires on ice. In order to improve the anti-skid performance of tire, based on the mathematical model of reindeer’s plantar morphology, the bionic ribbed tread element and bionic non-ribbed tread element were designed by engineering bionics technology. Based on reverse engineering, the inner and outer edge curve of reindeer sole was simplified as a mathematical function of characteristic curve, and the reconstructed model of convex crown was transformed into a 3-dimensional model. 2 bionic anti-skid tread elements and herringbone tread elements were established in Solidworks software, combining with the microstructure of convex crown. The adhesion test of tread element and ice was carried out on UTM (QT-1090) linear friction tester. The thermo-mechanical coupling between tread element and ice was established by finite element analysis software ABAQUS. Moreover, the ice surface temperature of 3 tread elements under low pressure of 0.02 MPa and temperature of -11 was analyzed. The anti-skid performance of bionic trad elements were analyzed by ice adhesion test and Finite Element Method (FEM), compared with the same size conventional herringbone tread element. Under the condition of low pressure (pressure≤0.02 MPa), the 3 kinds of tread elements with self-made ice block was tasted through the ice adhesion test. The result showed that the Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (DCOF) of bionic non-ribbed tread element was the highest at the same velocity, temperature and pressure. It was 1.04-1.26 times herringbone tread element. Through the finite element analysis, it was found that under the low pressure (pressure=0.02 MPa), the ice surface temperature of bionic ribbed tread element, bionic non-ribbed tread element and herringbone tread element increased by 0.21, 0.66 and 0.54 relative to the initial temperature, respectively. The ice temperature of bionic non-ribbed tread element increased the highest. The results showed that the anti-slip performance of bionic non-ribbed tread element was the best under low pressure. At high pressure (pressure = 2 MPa), finite element analysis showed that the ice surface temperature under bionic ribbed tread element, bionic non-ribbed tread element and herringbone tread element increased by 7.76, 4.07 and 3.39 relative to the initial temperature, respectively. The ice temperature of bionic ribbed tread element increased the highest. The results showed that the anti-slip performance of bionic ribbed tread element was the best under high pressure. Therefore, the bionic non-ribbed tread element and the bionic ribbed tread element had good anti-skid performance under low pressure and high pressure, respectively. The tire slippage caused by ice effect was solved effectively. This paper will provide research direction and theoretical basis for anti-slip design of tread element on ice ground. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Ice

Controlled terms: ABAQUS  -  Adhesion  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Biomimetics  -  Bionics  -  Braking performance  -  Computer simulation  -  Design  -  Finite element method  -  Friction   -  Functions  -  Mathematical morphology  -  Morphology  -  Reverse engineering  -  Surface properties  -  Tires

Uncontrolled terms: Anti-skid  -  Dynamic coefficient of frictions  -  Finite element analysis software  -  Ice surfaces  -  Temperature and pressures  -  Thermo - mechanical couplings  -  Tread elements  -  Vehicle tires

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  461 Bioengineering and Biology  -  662.1 Automobiles  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  818.5 Rubber Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Pressure 2.00e+04Pa, Pressure 2.00e+06Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Heterogeneity of cultivated land surface temperature based on NDVI remote sensing retrieval in semi-arid and sandy land area

Accession number: 20192307019473

Title of translation: NDVI

Authors: Zhou, Jian (1); Zhang, Fengrong (2); Xu, Yan (2); Qiu, Menglong (1); Xie, Zhen (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Northwest Land and Resources Research Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an; 710119, China; (2) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 143-149

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Desertification is the prominent eco-environmental problem in semi-arid and sandy land area. And land use is the main driving force of desertification. The development process of desertification has been primarily curbed in general but kept expanding in partial locations. At the circumstance, it is significantly beneficial for anti-desertification and ecological restoration to study the cultivated land use characteristics based on cultivated land particles in the semi-arid and sandy land area. Materials applied in this paper included Landsat-8 remote sensing images, land use/cover maps, atmospheric water vapour content, DEM and soil nutrient data. Split window method was used to calculate land surface temperature of cultivated land. And characteristics of land surface temperature of cultivated land and its causes were analyzed. The results showed that the range of land surface temperature of cultivated land was wide. The minimum and maximum of land surface temperature of cultivated land in row/path 030/120 remote sensing image were 294.03 K and 308.61 K. And those in row/path 030/119 remote sensing image were 291.43 K and 310.62 K. The temperature ranges whose cultivated land area accounting for more than 10% of the total cultivated land, included [297 K, 298 K], [298 K, 299 K], [299 K, 300 K], [300 K, 301 K], and [301 K, 302 K] in row/path 030/120 remote sensing image. And those were [300 K, 301 K), [301 K, 302 K), [302 K, 303 K), [303 K, 304 K) in row/path 030/119 remote sensing image. The spatial variation of precipitation resulted in a large spatial variation of crop growth condition in Horqin Left Back Banner, which resulted in a large range of land surface temperature of cultivated land. As to the temperature difference of cultivated land particles, land surface temperature range of cultivated land particles in row/path 030/120 remote sensing image was between 0 and 10 K and that in row/path 030/119 remote sensing image was between 0 and 11 K. This indicated that land surface temperature difference of cultivated land particle was large. Furthermore, the area of cultivated land particles with large land surface temperature difference took a large proportion. The areas of cultivated land particles with land surface temperature difference greater than 3 K in row/path 030/120 and 030/119 remote sensing images took percentages of 36.895% and 57.971% respectively. The areas of cultivated land particles with land surface temperature difference greater than 4 K in row/path 030/120 and 030/119 remote sensing images took percentages of 16.841% and 41.571% respectively. This was attributed to the redistribution of precipitation along dune-interdune and the elevation difference of cultivated land particle. As to the land surface temperature at cultivated land particle margin, among 22107 cultivated land particles in row/path 030/120 remote sensing image, average land surface temperature at the marginal area of cultivated land was greater than that of the cultivated land particle in 13268 cultivated land particles. And among 1644 cultivated land particles in row/path 030/119 remote sensing image, average land surface temperature at the marginal area of cultivated land was greater than that of the cultivated land particle in 866 cultivated land particles. Both areas took percentages of 73.71% and 53.80% respectively in both cultivated land areas. And micro-topography, soil quality and management measures induced this phenomenon. According to the results above, we reckon that grid method should be adopted in cultivated land quality evaluation in semi-arid and sandy land area. Cultivated land at the margin of cultivated land particle should be de-farmed in order to anti-desertification and ecological restoration. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Land surface temperature

Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature  -  Climatology  -  Ecology  -  Land use  -  Nutrients  -  Remote sensing  -  Restoration  -  Surface measurement  -  Surface properties  -  Topography   -  Weathering

Uncontrolled terms: Cultivated lands  -  Horqin Left Back Banner  -  Land areas  -  Marginal effects  -  Non-homogeneous

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  443 Meteorology  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+01%, Percentage 3.69e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+01%, Percentage 5.38e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Percentage 7.37e+01%, Temperature 0.00e+00K to 1.00e+01K, Temperature 0.00e+00K to 1.10e+01K, Temperature 2.91e+02K, Temperature 2.94e+02K, Temperature 3.00e+00K, Temperature 3.01e+02K, Temperature 3.02e+02K, Temperature 3.03e+02K, Temperature 3.04e+02K, Temperature 3.09e+02K, Temperature 3.11e+02K, Temperature 4.00e+00K

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Drying performance of manure drying system with waste heat of poultry house in summer

Accession number: 20192307019478

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Xuanyang (1, 2); Li, Baoming (1, 2, 3); Zheng, Weichao (1, 2, 3); Wang, Qiong (4); Tong, Qin (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Recourses & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Lab of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Livestock and Poultry Healthy Environment, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Henan Jinfeng Poultry Equipment Co., Ltd, Zhumadian; 463900, China

Corresponding author: Li, Baoming(libm@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 188-194

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: A large amount of poultry manure is produced yearly in China, which has become a tremendous pressure on the environment when it cannot be utilized as resources. Improper or untimely handling method of manure can result in massive discharge of ammonia, which is a major source of air pollution. Manure can also serve as a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms as well as a medium for disease transmission among birds. It is necessary to subject poultry manure to suitable treatments including storage and handling in order to minimize the risk of disease transmission and environmental pollution. The environmental problems can be eliminated by decreasing the moisture ratio of poultry manure to minimize its decomposition rate and the dried poultry manure can be utilized as a raw material to produce organic fertilizer. Thermal convective drying has been proven to be an effective method to remove moisture from poultry manure. Using waste heat of poultry house to dry poultry manure refered to the thermal drying method of removing water in poultry manure, which was mainly characterized by low energy consumption. This drying method could be a proper method to deal with poultry manure in China. This paper mainly expounded the working principle of heat recovery of exhaust air from poultry house. Based on the principle of heat balance in poultry house, this paper explored heat calculation methods in the process of poultry manure drying, and ventilation methods for drying poultry manure in summer were designed. In the end, the application effect of the poultry manure drying system installed in Yingcheng was tested. The results showed that the drying efficiency of drying equipment varied greatly under different weather conditions in summer. Under the rainy weather, the waste heat of poultry house can meet the heat demand of reducing the water content of poultry manure to below 30% within 48 hours. In sunny weather, when the waste air from poultry house mixed with ambient air, it took about 28 hours to reduce the water of poultry manure, the end water content was decreased to 28%, which was 20 hours shorter than under rainy weather. In sunny weather, the enthalpy of ambient air decreased after it is discharged from the poultry house because of the wet curtain, at this time, if the ambient air can be used to dry poultry manure directly, and the drying rate will be improved. The sunny days in southern China are more abundant solar radiation in summer, hot ambient air is a suitable heat sources to dry poultry manure. Using hot ambient air can also solve the problem of excessive humidity in exhaust air from poultry house. Finally, according to the test results, the control scheme of reasonable utilization of exhaust air from poultry house and ambient air was proposed. The results provide an analytical reference to improve poultry manure drying efficiency and explore the ways of energy saving drying, as well as provide a reference to design the poultry manure drying process system. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 19

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Ammonia  -  Drying  -  Energy conservation  -  Energy utilization  -  Heating  -  Houses  -  Manures  -  Microorganisms  -  Moisture  -  Pollution   -  Waste heat

Uncontrolled terms: Ambient air  -  Disease transmission  -  Environmental pollutions  -  Environmental problems  -  Heat calculation method  -  Low energy consumption  -  Pathogenic microorganisms  -  Poultry house

Classification code: 402.3 Residences  -  461.9 Biology  -  525 Energy Management and Conversion  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Time 1.73e+05s, Time 7.20e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Construction technology and application of lysimeter in agricultural soil environment monitoring

Accession number: 20192307019466

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Panlei (1, 2); Xu, Shengtao (1, 2); Pan, Yanhua (1, 2); Lu, Yao (1, 2); Lei, Baokun (1, 2); Fu, Libo (1, 2); Zhu, Hongye (1, 2); Wang, Zhiyuan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Environment & Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming; 650205, China; (2) Songming Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming; 650205, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Zhiyuan(wzyaas@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 86-96

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In recent years, intensive and extensive farm managements have resulted in a decline in the quality of cultivated land. Excessive inputs have been leached from farmland to rivers and lakes, especially the leaching of nutrients, heavy metals and pesticide residues, which has aggravated the risk of pollution to agricultural environment. As a critical methodology of agricultural environment monitoring, the lysimeter has been applied to monitor the characteristics of soil leaching components, to simulate the migration of soil water and nutrients, and to assess the effects of farm managements on agricultural ecosystems, eventually to provide technical assistance for scientists to make a better management decision in the farmland ecosystem. In this paper, the methods of construction, layout, soil filling, soil surface isolation and sampling in the main types of lysimeters monitoring system were summarized. Based on that, the merits and shortcomings of different types of lysimeters were analyzed, and the main factors affecting the monitoring results of lysimeter were discussed. In the end, suggestions and prospects were put forward based on the current situation of lysimeter in agricultural environment monitoring. Overall, for the rectangular concrete lysimeter, the biggest advantage is that cost of construction and operation and requirements for technology is relatively low, however, large quantities of soil excavation, concrete construction and soil back filling are always time-consuming and usually cause high soil disturbance and significant artificial effect and need to undergo a transition period. Besides that, the problem of infiltration from inside to outside at the bottom and side of concrete lysimeter also needs to be overcome. Conversely, for barrel or vessel lysimeter, the monolith soil usually undergoes minimal disturbance by extracting and filling the cylindrical blocks, the process is much more simple, which can be achieved just by mechanical equipment including cutting system, crane, trucks and so on. It takes shorter time compared to concrete lysimeter, the whole procedure of obtaining monolith soil just takes one day or more and can be put into use immediately without transition period. Consequently the soil conditions are more comparable to natural field conditions and data could be accurately detected and collected. However, the technological and equipment requirements of monolith soil extraction, filling and transportation are relative high, as well as the cost of construction and operation. Besides that, boundary effect is much more significant compared to the concrete lysimeter due to the minimal soil base area. The artificial effect and boundary effect cannot be eliminated completely at the same time in the semi-closed lysimeter system, the selection and construction of lysimeter system should be depended on specific research needs, local geological and topographic conditions and their own technology level. Therefore, a more practical strategy need to be taken into consideration, that is to build a more suitable lysimeter within the acceptable deviation range and the given budget, being able to implement higher data accuracy with lower costs. Finally, building and running a long-term lysimeter station with continuously improved technologies, joining a platform, sharing methods, data and models, and constructing a network of lysimeter system are also recommended. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 60

Main heading: Soil surveys

Controlled terms: Budget control  -  Concretes  -  Construction  -  Construction equipment  -  Cutting equipment  -  Ecosystems  -  Farms  -  Filling  -  Heavy metals  -  Leaching   -  Lysimeters  -  Monitoring  -  Nutrients  -  Pesticides  -  River pollution  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural ecosystems  -  Agricultural environment monitoring  -  Agricultural environments  -  Construction technologies  -  Equipment requirements  -  Methods of constructions  -  Natural field conditions  -  Topographic conditions

Classification code: 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying  -  405.1 Construction Equipment  -  412 Concrete  -  453 Water Pollution  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  943.3 Special Purpose Instruments

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Prevention and control of grass strips distribution on soil and water loss and its optimal configuration of slope-gully system

Accession number: 20192307019470

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Xia (1, 2); Li, Peng (1, 2); Li, Zhanbin (1, 2); Yu, Guoqiang (3); Li, Cong (4)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi’an; 710048, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China (Xi’an University of Technology), Xi’an; 710048, China; (3) Xi’an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi’an; 710054, China; (4) Henan Yellow River Hydrological Survey and Design Institute, Zhengzhou; 450004, China

Corresponding author: Yu, Guoqiang(yuguoqiang23@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 122-128

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Understanding of the spatial configuration of vegetation regulated erosion and sediment transport of slope-gully systems is the key to manage erosion and sediment yield as well as to regulate the sediments in a watershed. A slope-gully system is the basic component of a watershed. Understanding the occurrence and development of erosion in slope-gully systems remains an essential problem in research related to the mechanisms of soil erosion dynamic, as well as the key to prevent soil and water loss in a watershed. Revealing the occurrence and development mechanism of the water erosion process in slope-gully systems, clarifying the regulation mechanisms of vegetation on the water erosion process in slope-gully systems, and proposing reasonable regulation and control modes have become the focuses of current studies on soil erosion. In this study, the slope-gully system was used as the object, using indoor simulated rainfall experiments combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology and microtopography analysis technology. Such system discriminated the soil and water conservation function, dynamic regulation approach on water and sediment, and proposed the optimal vegetation pattern for regulation on the erosion at low vegetation coverage. The results showed that grass strips in different positions performed better in direct sediment interception function than performed in water storage function considering the water and sediment reduction. However, considering the water erosion dynamics, the grass strip could respectively exert runoff retardation sediment interception function on runoff and sediment from up-slope and exert runoff detention elimination energy function on runoff and sediment in the lower part during water erosion dynamic process and erosion sediment process. The regulation scope and strength of the two functions on water erosion dynamics were closely related to the configuration mode. When the grass strips were placed at the middle-lower part of the slope, they could play a better dual role in soil and water conservation functions. The erosion from the slope above the grass strip can be effectively mitigated by the effect of retarding runoff and intercepting sediment. In addition, the rapid increase in runoff velocity and “peak discharge” into the gully could be effectively weakened by the effect of retaining runoff and eliminating energy, thereby significantly reduced the sediment yield on the lower part of the slope and in the gully. A quadratic function could be used describe the relationship between the relative position of vegetation and sediment yield in the slope-gully system. The relative position indicator was between 0.571-1.200, which was the optimal regulation scope of vegetation on erosion. When grass strip was planted in the area, it could effectively exert both the best soil and water conservation effect of runoff retardation sediment interception function and runoff detention elimination energy function, and the regulation scope could extend each section from the slope to gully to achieve better effect of erosion reduction. The relative position indicators still need to be corrected and perfected based on experiments and observations. The information can be useful for better understanding the effect of vegetation on erosion sedimentation processes and hydrological processes in a slope-gully system. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Soil conservation

Controlled terms: Erosion  -  Landforms  -  Loss prevention  -  Rain  -  Runoff  -  Sediment transport  -  Soils  -  Vegetation  -  Water conservation  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Development mechanisms  -  Erosion and sediment transports  -  Prevention and controls  -  Slope-gully systems  -  Soil and water conservation  -  Three dimensional laser scanning technology  -  Vegetation pattern  -  Water storage functions

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  481.1 Geology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Isolation and identification of pig hair keratin-degrading strain and its degradation characteristic

Accession number: 20192307019493

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Biao (1); Yin, Hongmei (1); Liu, Huizhi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Hunan Microbiology Institute, Changsha; 410009, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Huizhi(hndwwsw@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 311-316

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Pig hair keratin accumulates an abundance of potential protein and amino acids, which could be used for the source of amino acid feed. Due to the highly cross-linking by disulfide, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interations, Keratin is insoluble and not degraded by normal proteases such as pepsin, trypsin and papainl. Keratin degrading microbial strains can directly utilize keratin as carbon and nitorgen source, which can secret a variety of enzymes, such as keratinase, disulfide reductase. Currently, the kerain-biodegradation by microorganisms represents an alternative attractive method to improve the nutritional value of keratin wastes. In order to obtain the microorganisms with high pig-hair keratin degrading ability, the strains were isolated from environment soil by taking keratin as sole culture carbon and nitrogen source. The identification of Strain X-3 was studied and the keratin-degradation characteristics were further investigated from the aspects of thiolysis and enzymolysis. It was expected to provide theoretical guidance for the resue of feather waste resource. In this study, six strains with pig hair degrading ability were obtained, and strain X-3 could degrade pig hair keratin more effectively than other five strains. The degrading rate of pig hair keratin was up to 77.3% after 7 days fermentation, which was higher than that of the reported strains. The colonies of strain X-3 were irregular in shape, moist and rough on peptone beef medium. The cell of the strain was in the shape of rod, Gram positive and sporulating under the microscope. An aceession number MK182787 was obtained after the information of 16S rDNA sequence of strain X-3 was submitted to NCBI. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of 16S rDNA by the software Mega 5.0.The strain X-3 was identified as Bacillus coagulans on the basis of morphology, physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence phylogenetic analysis. The wool, chicken feather, goose feather,duck feather keratin-degrading rate was 62.3%, 86.7%, 88.4%, 72.4%, respectively after 7 days fermentation. Bacillus coagulans X-3 was a broad spectrum keratin degrading strain because it showed efficient degrading properties to different keratins. The maximum of keratinase activity (84.1 U/mL) and reductase activity (23.8 U/mL) were detected during keratin degradation. High keratinase activity and disulfide reductase activity were detected during the fermentatin process and the keratin degrading rate changed relating to enzyme activity, which indicated enzyme plays important role in the process of keratin degradation. Sulfur in the keratins was transferred into sulfate, sulfite and thiol compounds in the degradation process. The sulfur in the keratin was mainly removed into the medium in the form of sulfate. The soluable protein, sulfate, sulfite and thiol content began to increase quickly accompanied the keratin degradation. However, further rearch will be required to determine the relationship of thiolysis and pig hair keratin degradation. Up to date, Bacillus coagulans has not been reported on the pig hair keratin degrading area, thus, we provide a new efficient keratin-degarding strain to utilize pig hair. Bacillus coagulans X-3 has a great potential roles in amino acid feedstock and environmental protection for its excellent keratin-degrading property and biological safety. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Keratin

Controlled terms: Amino acids  -  Bacteriology  -  Biodegradation  -  Carbon  -  Carbon disulfide  -  Enzyme activity  -  Enzymes  -  Fermentation  -  Hydrogen bonds  -  Mammals   -  Microorganisms  -  Strain  -  Sulfite process  -  Sulfur compounds

Uncontrolled terms: Bacillus coagulans  -  Degradation characteristics  -  Degradation process  -  Disulfide reductase  -  Isolation and identification  -  Keratinase  -  Phylogenetic analysis  -  Physiological characteristics

Classification code: 461.8 Biotechnology  -  461.9 Biology  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  811.1.1 Papermaking Processes  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.92e-02yr, Percentage 6.23e+01%, Percentage 7.24e+01%, Percentage 7.73e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Percentage 8.84e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Seeding performance optimization on vibration-arranging type seeding device for potato micro-seed

Accession number: 20192307019456

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Wenzheng (1, 2); He, Jin (1, 2); Li, Hongwen (1, 2); Li, Xueqiang (2, 3); Lu, Caiyun (1, 2); Wei, Zhongcai (1, 2); Su, Guoliang (2, 4); Zhao, Hongbo (1, 2); Liu, Peng (1, 2); Wang, Chunlei (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment, Dezhou; 253600, China; (3) Shandong Xicheng Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 253600, China; (4) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255091, China

Corresponding author: He, Jin(hejin@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-11

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The offspring potato grown by potato micro-seed has the characteristic of high yield, favorable quality, high commodity rate, and so on. Furthermore, enhancing the mechanical level of potato micro-seed planting is one of the key methods to promote the development of potato micro-seed. Therefore, a mechanical planting technology and the related seeding device were developed based on the principle of forced vibration to promote the mechanical level of potato micro-seed planting. The seeding device mainly includes a seed box, a frame assembly, driving unit, single row arranging and conveying mechanism, vibratory reseeding mechanism, and so on. Firstly, the working principle of the seeding device was introduced. Then, according to the operation characteristic of the seeding device, the kinematics and dynamic analysis was conducted to analyze the process of potato micro-seed planting, which included the process of seeds’ single row sorting, vibratory reseeding, and conveying and dropping. Meanwhile, the main factors which influence the seeding performance and their test value range were determined, which were the eccentricity of eccentric wheel (EEW), revolving speed of driving shaft (RSDS) and linear speed of seed bed belt (LSSB). And then, EEW, RSDS and LSSB were chosen as experimental factors, and multiple-seeding rate (MUSI), miss-seeding rate (MISI) and qualified-seeding rate (QUSI) were chosen as evaluation indicators. Besides, the micro-seed variety Xisen 3 was selected as the material for test. Consequently, the quadratic regression orthogonal combination based on test bed was developed to test three levels of micro-seeds’ seeding property. The regression mathematical models reflecting the relationship between experimental factors and evaluation indictors in each level of micro-seed seeding property were built. The related experimental factors influencing the seeding performance were analyzed. For level 1 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MISI and QUSI both were RSDS, and for MUSI was EEW. For level 2 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MUSI was EEW, MISI was LSSB and QUSI was RSDS. For level 3 micro-seed, the most significant of main effect factors reflecting MUSI and QUSI both were RSDS, and for MSI was RSDS. In order to obtain the good seeding operation parameters of seeding device, the optimization module of Design-Expert 8.0.6 was applied, and the theoretical value range of optimization results were calculated. Finally, the verification test in verifying the above theoretical optimization results was carried out by test bed. The results showed that for level 1 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 815 r/min and LSSB was 0.56 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 1.35%, 3.26% and 95.39%, respectively. For level 2 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 820 r/min and LSSB was 0.86 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 3.10%, 4.01% and 92.89%, respectively. For level 3 micro-seed, when EEW was 4.0 mm, RSDS was 840 r/min and LSSB was 1.08 m/s, the MUSI, MISI and QUSI was 4.19%, 1.54% and 94.27%, respectively. As it was seen from the verification test results, and in the suitable experimental combination parameters of three levels micro-seeds, both of the MUSI and MISI were all below 5%, the QUSI was all above 90%. In summary, this seeding device satisfied the performance requirements of potato planter. Furthermore, this research provides reference for researching, designing and optimizing the seeding device of micro-seed and other large size crop seeds, and finally promotes the seeding performance. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Equipment testing  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Optimization  -  Verification  -  Vibrations (mechanical)

Uncontrolled terms: Evaluation indicators  -  Experimental factors  -  Forced vibration  -  Kinematics and dynamics  -  Operation characteristic  -  Performance requirements  -  Potato  -  Seeding performance

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.35e+00%, Percentage 1.54e+00%, Percentage 3.10e+00%, Percentage 3.26e+00%, Percentage 4.01e+00%, Percentage 4.19e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.29e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.15e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.20e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 8.40e+02RPM, Size 4.00e-03m, Velocity 1.08e+00m/s, Velocity 5.60e-01m/s, Velocity 8.60e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Hydraulic performance prediction for high-head francis turbine based on TBR model

Accession number: 20192307019463

Title of translation: TBR

Authors: Sun, Longgang (1); Guo, Pengcheng (1); Ma, Quan (1); Zheng, Xiaobo (1); Luo, Xingqi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Corresponding author: Guo, Pengcheng(guoyicheng@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 62-69

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Transient simulation is indispensable for capturing the periodic disturbance between the rotor and stator for turbomachine applications. In order to avoid resonance risk, the turbomachine systems generally have prime number of components between the rotor and stator, which makes the periodic boundary conditions failed and the transient simulation must be carried out including all the passages. However, prohibitive computing resources and too much time cost are required to obtain detailed accurate simulations for the conventional methods of modeling all the passage. In this paper, 3 numerical approaches, the full passages simulation, the PT(Profile Transform) method with only 1 passage, the FT(fourier transform) method with double-passage, were respectively used to numerically predict the hydraulic performance and loading for the Francis99 turbine based on the k-ω SST turbulent model. The PT method overcame the unequal pitch problem by scaling the flow profile across the blade row interfaces. In the Fourier Transformation method, a phase-shifted boundary condition with Fourier data compression was used to account for the unequal pitch between the blade rows passages, and the solution history of circumferential boundary and rotational boundary was reasonably reconstructed. During the transient numerical simulations, the inlet and outlet boundary were given by the method of Profile Boundary Conditions. The mass flow with the velocity vector direction was prescribed on the inlet section, and the outlet was treated as a static pressure outlet where a static gauge pressure was specified. Compared with the experimental tests, the 3 simulation methods could accurately predict the hydraulic efficiency and the average pressure at different locations, and the static pressure distribution on the mid-span plane and pressure loading on runner blade were comparable. The hydraulic efficiency extracted by FT and PT methods were both higher than the result of the full passages simulation, which was attributed to the fact that the 2 simulation methods only included part of the flow passages and didn’t consider the hydraulic loss of volute, fixed guide vane and draft tube. The temporal variation of blade force and torque generated by the FT method showed in good agreement with the full passages method, expect for small deviation in pulsating amplitude. However, the PT method showed larger discrepancy with the full passages results for both of pulsating frequency and amplitude. In term of spectrum characteristics of pressure fluctuation, the numerical results extracted by the FT method yielded to a very good validation with the full passages and the experimental obtainment. Due to variable scaling or stretching at the Rotor-Stator interface, the passing frequency of the blade was captured in both the static domain and the rotating domain, and the pressure amplitude of PT method was lower than that of the full passages and the experimental. In addition, the time cost ratio among the full passages, the FT method and the PT method was about 1:0.375:0.23. We concluded that the FT method was capable of predicting the hydraulic performance and pressure fluctuation well with less computing resources and was a good alternative compared to the conventional full passage method. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Numerical methods

Controlled terms: Boundary conditions  -  Breeder reactors  -  Computer simulation  -  Efficiency  -  Forecasting  -  Fourier transforms  -  Hydraulic motors  -  Hydraulic turbines  -  Metadata  -  Models   -  Stators  -  Turbomachine blades

Uncontrolled terms: Computing resource  -  Fourier transformations  -  Performance prediction  -  Periodic boundary conditions  -  Spectrum characteristic  -  Static pressure distributions  -  Transient characteristic  -  Transient numerical simulation

Classification code: 617.1 Hydraulic Turbines  -  621.1 Fission Reactors  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  705.1 Electric Machinery, General  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921.3 Mathematical Transformations  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Drip irrigation and application of straw reducing nitrogen leaching loss in tomato greenhouse

Accession number: 20192307019465

Title of translation:

Authors: Liang, Bin (1, 2); Tang, Yuhai (3); Wang, Qunyan (1, 2); Li, Fei (1, 2); Li, Junliang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) Shandong Water Fertilizer Integrated Engineering Technology Research Center, Qingdao; 266109, China; (3) College of Jia Sixie Agriculture, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang; 262700, China

Corresponding author: Li, Junliang(jlli1962@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 78-85

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The excess fertilizers and irrigation water had resulted in low resource use efficiency, soil degradation, and ecosystem environment problems in greenhouse production system in China. How to maintain the good yield, and improve the resource use efficiency, reduce the environmental impacts of fertilizer, especially the N fertilizer, has become the problem that needs to be solved urgently. A long-term field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2016 to evaluate the effect of different irrigation modes (drip irrigation and flood irrigation) and application of chicken manure combined with or without wheat straw or maize straw on tomato yield, recovery rate of added N, N leaching in the form of mineral N and dissolve organic N in solar greenhouse using a percolation pond. The percolation pond is 2 m long, 1 m wide and 0.9 m deep. At the second day after irrigation, the water leakage was sampled to measure the mineral N and total dissolved N content. Amounts of irrigation water under the drip and flood irrigation modes, which were 1173 and 1205 mm, respectively. The results showed that the yield of tomato was 105.8-127.4 and 70.6-95.9 t/hm2 in winter-spring and autumn-winter seasons, respectively. Compared with traditional flood irrigation mode, drip irrigation mode significantly increased tomato yield by 11.4% in winter-spring season, and by 21.7% in autumn-winter season. Nitrogen utilization (nitrogen uptake/nitrogen input) was 33.7% and 29.4% in winter-spring and autumn-winter seasons, respectively. The N utilization under drip irrigation mode was higher by 10 percent point in winter-spring season, and by 14.2 percent point in autumn-winter season than flood irrigation mode. Under the flood irrigation mode, the leached total dissolved N was as high as 114.3 and 281.1 kg/hm2, and accounted for 12.5% and 29.3% of the total applied N in winter-spring and autumn-winter seasons, respectively. Leached mineral N under the flood irrigation mode was 85.6 and 207.0 kg/hm2 in winter-spring and autumn-winter season, respectively. The irrigation amount of drip irrigation and flood irrigation had little difference for the whole year, but the amount of water leakage was significantly higher under the drip irrigation mode, the content of mineral N under the drip irrigation mode was lower by 51.1% than that of the flood irrigation mode, thus, the accumulated leached mineral N decrease by 80.1 kg/hm2 (38.7%), and the accumulated leached dissolved organic N decreased by 48.9 kg/hm2 (53.7%) in autumn-winter season. Application of wheat or maize straw had no effect on tomato yield, but significantly reduced annual irrigation water leakage by 24.3%, annual mineral N by 26.6% and annual dissolved organic N leaching loss by 33.7%. In general, the amount of dissolved organic N leaching loss should be considerable, drip irrigation mode decreased the N content in the water leakage and long-term addition of straw reduced the amount of water leakage, then additional application the straw under the drip irrigation mode is an useful field management to decreased the leach N. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Dissolution  -  Efficiency  -  Environmental impact  -  Fertilizers  -  Floods  -  Fruits  -  Greenhouse effect  -  Greenhouses  -  Lakes  -  Leaching   -  Leakage (fluid)  -  Minerals  -  Natural resources management  -  Solar heating  -  Solvents  -  Straw  -  Water

Uncontrolled terms: Dissolved organic nitrogen  -  Drip irrigation modes  -  Ecosystem environment  -  Greenhouse production systems  -  Long-term field experiments  -  Mineral nitrogen  -  Solar greenhouse  -  Tomato

Classification code: 451 Air Pollution  -  454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  482.2 Minerals  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.43e+01%, Percentage 2.66e+01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 3.37e+01%, Percentage 3.87e+01%, Percentage 5.11e+01%, Percentage 5.37e+01%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.17e+00m, Size 1.21e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 9.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Effect of methods of straw returning and planting on root growth and rice yield

Accession number: 20192307019468

Title of translation:

Authors: He, Yan (1, 2); Yan, Tianrong (1, 2); Guo, Changchun (1, 2); Li, Na (1, 2); Peng, Zhiyun (1, 2); Tang, Yuan (1, 2); Ma, Peng (1, 2); Yu, Huaqing (1, 2); Sun, Yongjian (1, 2); Yang, Zhiyuan (1, 2); Ma, Jun (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang; 611130, China; (2) Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory, Wenjiang; 611130, China

Corresponding author: Ma, Jun(majunp2002@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 105-114

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the rice root system and yield under different straw returning and planting methods. Our findings will provide the theoretical and practical basis for straw returning in different planting ways. In this study, we used a two-factor spilt-plot trail using hybrid rice cultivator F-you 498. The main plot was comprised of three different straw returning systems, i.e., no straw returning, straw mulching and straw soil-returning. The main plot was further divided into two subplots based on rice planting method, namely, the artificial transplanting and mechanical transplanting methods. The dry weight of rice root, root-shoot rate, root morphology, physiological features and yield formation under different straw returning and cultivation methods were studied. The results of our experiment are as follows: 1) Initially the root growth was restrained after straw returning, however, then the root growth was promoted. Root growth was restrained at active tillering stage and promoted from jointing stage. Better root growth was observed under straw soil-returning treatment at full heading stage and straw mulching treatment at maturing stage, respectively. The values of root diameter at each birth period, single stem and population root index, population dry weight of tillering and mature stage, root bleeding per stem of 15 days after jointing stage, 15 days after heading stage and maturing stage were higher in artificial transplanting compared to mechanical transplanting system. Mechanical transplanting system had higher root index at jointing and heading stages compared to artificial transplanting system. Different from that better root morphological index and population root dry weight were observed at heading stage in mechanical transplanting under straw soil-returning system, the root growth was comparatively better in artificial transplanting system during booting stage, and slower root aging (post-anthesis) and stronger root bleeding per stem were recorded under straw mulching system treatment. 2) Compared to no straw returning system, improved rice yield (3.50% on average) was observed in straw returning system, and straw mulching had the highest yield. The yield change rate of straw returning with artificial transplanting was 2.03%-9.81%, and that of straw returning with mechanical transplanting was -6.00%-1.30%. Straw mulching with artificial transplanting showed the highest yield-increasing rate. 3) The root dry weight at active tillering stage, root dry weight, root morphology index per stem and population root morphology index at mature stage were positively correlated with spikelets per panicle, total spikelets and yield. However, the root morphology index per stem and population root morphology index at tillering stage were negatively correlated with effective panicle number. To sum-up, in straw returning system, increased yield was observed in artificial transplanting, however, decreased yield was recorded in mechanical transplanting system. Moreover, straw mulching had higher yield than straw soil-returning. Whereas in straw mulching coupled with artificial transplanting system, early and fast root growth, slower aging and higher rate of root bleeding per stem, and higher overall yield were observed compared to other systems. Meanwhile, in straw soil-returning coupled with mechanical transplanting system, improved root growth was observed during the middle growing stage but comparatively higher and fast root aging rate and low bleeding intensity per stem were observed. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Population statistics

Controlled terms: Bleeding systems  -  Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Forestry  -  Growth (materials)  -  Morphology  -  Soils  -  Straw

Uncontrolled terms: Physiological features  -  Planting methods  -  Rice  -  Root dry weight  -  Root growth  -  Yield  -  Yield formations  -  Yield-increasing

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  619.2.1 Tank Accessories  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 4.11e-02yr, Percentage -6.00e+00% to 1.30e+00%, Percentage 2.03e+00% to 9.81e+00%, Percentage 3.50e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Prediction model of ammonia-nitrogen in pond aquaculture water based on improved multi-variable deep belief network

Accession number: 20192307019479

Title of translation:

Authors: Chen, Yingyi (1, 2); Cheng, Yanjun (1, 3); Yang, Ling (1, 3); Liu, Yeqi (1, 3); Li, Daoliang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 195-202

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Ammonia-nitrogen is one of the key parameters to evaluate aquaculture water quality and aquatic ecosystem security. When the ammonia-nitrogen content exceeds 0.2 mg/L, it will cause serious harm to the health of aquatic organisms, and even cause the disease and death of aquaculture objects. However, the pond culture environment is complex and variable. Many factors have affected ammonia-nitrogen concentration, such as dissolved oxygen, nitrite, salinity, blue-green algae, turbidity, pH value, oxidation reduction potential and so on. And these factors are related to each other and exhibit nonlinear changes. In order to master rules of the changes of ammonia nitrogen, a lot of information systems and models were developed to monitor the pond water. But the data acquired by internet of things for aquaculture has a lot of noise due to environmental weather factors and the sensor or network failure. Traditional mechanism methods are different from statistical model, and mainly depend on small amount of data. So traditional mechanism methods are difficult to achieve the desired accuracy using the time sequence data online, and can’t be used in the real time system because of the large amount of data. Some scholars have also carried out lots of research on statistical models such as traditional neural networks in the field of forecasting. But it is difficult to accurately predict the ammonia-nitrogen content because of the model’s local convergence and poor computational efficiency. In this paper, a method for predicting ammonia-nitrogen in pond aquaculture water based on multi-variate deep belief network model optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO-MDBN) was proposed. The mothed constructs a non-linear deep-seated network structure through self-learning, and has strong data prediction ability and data classification and recognition ability. Firstly, because the ammonia-nitrogen content in pond culture water was affected by various environmental factors, the ammonia-nitrogen ecosystem of pond culture water was analyzed, and the data collection scheme of pond culture environment information was formulated according to the actual conditions of pond equipment and modeling needs. In this part, principal component analysis was used to screen the key influence factors of ammonia nitrogen change as auxiliary variables of the prediction model. Secondly, the wavelet threshold denoising method was used to reduce the data of the selected auxiliary variable data, and the data dimension and improve the reliability of the data. Thirdly, based on the deep belief network theory, a multi-parameter deep belief network model was constructed, and the optimal network structure was determined by experimental methods. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize the deep belief network parameter setting to get the optimal combination of parameters. The experimental results showed that the average percentage error of the proposed method was 0.117 2. Compared with the traditional LSSVM(least squares support vector machine), BPNN (back propagation neural network) and DBNs(deep belief networks) methods, the RMSE of PSO-MDBN is reduced by 0.285 9, 0.214 6 and 0.013 9. In addition, if the number of samples increases, the model error would show a downward trend. Above all, the proposed method of this paper has high prediction accuracy and generalization performance. The research can provide data theoretical basis and parameter support for accurate prediction of ammonia nitrogen content in pond water. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Data reduction

Controlled terms: Algae  -  Ammonia  -  Aquaculture  -  Aquatic ecosystems  -  Aquatic organisms  -  Backpropagation  -  Bayesian networks  -  Biochemical oxygen demand  -  Classification (of information)  -  Computation theory   -  Computational efficiency  -  Dissolved oxygen  -  Fish ponds  -  Forecasting  -  Interactive computer systems  -  Lakes  -  Least squares approximations  -  Models  -  Multivariable systems  -  Neural networks   -  Nitrogen  -  Particle swarm optimization (PSO)  -  Principal component analysis  -  Quality control  -  Real time systems  -  Redox reactions  -  Structural optimization  -  Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Ammonia nitrogen  -  Back propagation neural networks  -  Deep belief networks  -  Least squares support vector machines  -  Oxidation reduction potential  -  Particle swarm optimization algorithm  -  Wavelet denoising  -  Wavelet threshold de-noising

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  471 Marine Science and Oceanography  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory  -  722.4 Digital Computers and Systems  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  723.4 Artificial Intelligence  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 2.00e-04kg/m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Effects of ventilation modes on control of main odor substances in pig manure composting

Accession number: 20192307019480

Title of translation:

Authors: Shen, Yujun (1, 3); Zhang, Pengyue (1, 3); Meng, Haibo (1, 3); Zhao, Lixin (2); Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 3); Zhou, Haibin (1, 3); Zhang, Xi (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resource of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 203-209

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: During composting, a large number of odorous substances were produced, mainly containing ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and TVOCs (total volatile organic compounds). In order to control the odor produced during the composting process, composting experiment of pig manure and straw under different ventilation modes was carried out. The experiment has 3 treatments with the ventilation intensity of 0.1 m3/(min•m3), ventilated 5 min every other 30 min (T1), ventilated 5min every other 15 min (T2), continuous ventilation (T3) in a forced ventilation device with 50 L compost materials. Pig manure and straw were mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2. The C/N ratio of the composting materials was 29 and moisture content was 63%. The static chamber method was used to monitor the emission concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, TVOCs, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide during the composting. Data acquisition was started after 25 minutes of ventilation in T1, after 10 minutes of ventilation in T2, and data acquisition completed within 5 minutes. The optimal ventilation mode for reducing odor in composting was studied. The study showed that under the 3 treatments, the maximum emission concentration of ammonia in compost exceeded 150 mg/m3 for 22, 20 and 9 days; The maximum emission concentrations of hydrogen sulfide were 29.4, 18.89 and 10.3 mg/m3; The maximum emission volume fractions of TVOCs were 420.3×10-6, 382.7×10-6 and 326.5 ×10-6; The maximum emission concentrations of dimethyl disulfide were 1 730.1, 3 646.2 and 3 971.8 ng/L; The maximum emission concentrations of dimethyl trisulfate were 991.4, 6 678.8 and 1 883.4 ng/L, respectively. At the same time, the cumulative emissions of hydrogen sulfide per kilogram of dry pig manure and straw were 14.3, 13.5, 31.5 mg; The cumulative emissions of TVOCs per kilogram of dry materials were 1.26, 2.00 and 6.08 L/kg; The cumulative emissions of dimethyl disulfide per kilogram of dry materials were 1.5, 4.3 and 10.6 mg/kg; The cumulative emissions of dimethyl trisulfate per kilogram of dry materials were 0.37, 4.37 and 4.94 mg/kg, respectively. Increasing the frequency of ventilation during composting can reduce the maximum concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and TVOCs. However, high frequency ventilation can increase the cumulative emissions of hydrogen sulfide, TVOCs, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide, compared with the concentration of odor emission, the cumulative amount of odor emission can better characterize the degree of odor harm to the environment. In this experiment, the reduction of cumulative odor emissions was used as the optimization objective. It was found that the optimal ventilation modes was ventilated 5 min every other 30 min. This study provides a reference for controlling odor in organic fertilizer production by changing ventilation mode. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Hydrogen sulfide

Controlled terms: Ammonia  -  Composting  -  Data acquisition  -  Fertilizers  -  Mammals  -  Manures  -  Odor control  -  Sulfur compounds  -  Sulfur determination  -  Ventilation   -  Volatile organic compounds

Uncontrolled terms: Cumulative emissions  -  Emission concentration  -  High frequency ventilations  -  Maximum concentrations  -  Organic fertilizers  -  Static chamber method  -  Total volatile organic compounds  -  TVOCs

Classification code: 643.5 Ventilation  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  801 Chemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Time 1.80e+03s, Time 3.00e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s, Volume 5.00e-02m3, Mass_Density 1.50e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.83e-07kg/m3, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Time 1.50e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Topology optimization of frequency and dynamic stiffness for continuum structure using smooth bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization

Accession number: 20192307019462

Title of translation:

Authors: Teng, Xiaoyan (1); Mao, Bingkun (1); Jiang, Xudong (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Harbin University of Engineering, Harbin; 150001, China; (2) Mechanical Power and Engineering College, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin; 150080, China

Corresponding author: Jiang, Xudong(496971785@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 55-61

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The classic bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO), which is known as “hard kill” in nature, discretely removes the inefficient material in the continuum structure. Using BESO method, structural stiffness and mass matrix of the elements under low sensitivity and inefficiently utilized suddenly reduce. It means that when solving structural topological optimization, highly efficient elements are possibly incorrectly deleted by original BESO. As a result, the smooth bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (SBESO), as a variant of the BESO procedure, is proposed to overcome this disadvantage. The introduced SBESO was based on the philosophy that if an element was not really necessary for the structure, its contribution to the structural stiffness and mass would gradually diminish until it no longer influenced the structure. This removal process was thus performed smoothly. This procedure was known as ‘’soft-kill’’ in nature; where not all of the elements removed from the structure domain using the original BESO criterion were rejected. The weighted function was introduced to regulate element’s mass and stiffness matrix, combined with controlling the element deletion rate to make inefficient elements gradually deleted. This method provided good conditioning for the new system of equations that could be resolved in the next iteration because these elements were important to the structure. In this paper, the proposed SBESO method was applied to resolve the structural dynamic topology optimization including frequency optimization and dynamic stiffness optimization of continuum structure under harmonic force excitation. The frequency optimization model was developed to increase the fundamental natural frequency of continuum structure which was away from the frequency of the external force. The dynamic stiffness model was derived to perform structural optimal design according to the structural strain energy of the continuum structure under dynamic load. Aiming at maximizing the natural frequency of continuum structure, the SBESO procedure was employed to solve it. Subsequently the effect of various weighted function including constant, linear and trigonometric function on topology optimization was compared and analyzed. Performing the structural topology optimization of dynamic stiffness in the time domain was quite expensive due to heavy computational time for function and sensitivity. Thus the equivalent static loads (ESL) method in the time domain was used to overcome these disadvantages. Combining ESL and SBESO, structural topology optimization of dynamic stiffness was resolved at ease for the continuum structure under dynamic load. Numerical results showed that SBESO could inhibit the incorrect element deletion, by regulating the element deletion rate and weighted function. Therefore the inefficient elements would gradually diminish. It was also found that the employed linear and trigonometric functions more contributed to obtaining the optimal solution of frequency for the continuum structure compared with constant function. In addition, decreasing element deletion rate aroused increasingly smooth boundary of optimal configuration in structural topology which converged to identical configuration by SBESO. Consequently the optimization method of SBESO improves the original optimization criterion of BESO, which is significantly theoretical to address the dynamic optimization design of continuum structures. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Structural optimization

Controlled terms: Dynamic loads  -  Functions  -  Iterative methods  -  Models  -  Natural frequencies  -  Optimal systems  -  Optimization  -  Shape optimization  -  Stiffness  -  Stiffness matrix   -  Strain energy  -  Structural dynamics  -  Time domain analysis  -  Topology

Uncontrolled terms: Bi-directional evolutionary structural optimizations  -  Dynamic optimization design  -  Dynamic stiffness  -  Equivalent static loads  -  Frequency optimization  -  Structural strain energies  -  Structural topological optimization  -  Structural topology optimization

Classification code: 408 Structural Design  -  408.1 Structural Design, General  -  921 Mathematics  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  951 Materials Science  -  961 Systems Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Priority evaluation of land salinization monitoring area based on danger degree and risk pattern

Accession number: 20192307019485

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Houxiang (1); Lei, Guoping (1); Xu, Qiu (1); Lian, Chen (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Land Management, Northeast University, Shenyang; 110169, China; (2) Heilongjiang Province Land Use Monitoring Center, Harbin; 150090, China

Corresponding author: Lei, Guoping(guopinglei@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 238-246

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to improve the pertinence and accuracy of salinization monitoring and control. The main data sources for this paper include agricultural land classification database, 1:500 000 spatial distribution data of saline-alkali land, China earth international exchange station climate data daily value sata set (V3.0), 1:1 000 000 soil database data, 1:1 000 000 spatial distribution data of soil texture in China, land change survey database and other data of Heilongjiang Province. With the support of the above data, on the one hand, research starts from the connotation of land salinization, filtered out land risk assessment factor from numerous factors, include landform, soil texture, evaporation and precipitation ratio, groundwater mineralization, regional sensitivity, land use level, the relationship between land salinization and its correlation was analyzed by the grey correlation model, and used the grey correlation model to analyze the correlation between these factors and land salinization, in order to verify the rationality of the selection of indicators, based on this, carry out grid training and accuracy test, formed land salinization assessment model. On the one hand, started from the extension of land salinization, screened out the resistance factors of soil salinization diffusion or migration, and constructed a resistance surface, used the minimal cumulative resistance model to evaluate the risk pattern of land salinization landscape. After the above work was completed, then with the help of ArcGIS spatial analysis function, superimposed the evaluation results of land salinization danger and land salinization landscape risk pattern, Formed land salinization type zones and monitoring levels. This paper takes Heilongjiang Province as an example to apply the method, the main research results were summarized as follows: 1) In terms of the salinity danger of the land, the land salinization danger of the salinity risk of severe and above land were mainly distributed in the southwestern part of the Songnen Plain, moderately distributed in the north-central part of the Songnen Plain and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain. The light and below were mainly distributed in the great and small xing’an ridge and the southeastern mountainous areas. Eastern Songnen Plain and Southern Sanjiang Plain. 2) In terms of risk pattern, the severe and above were not only distributed in the central and northern parts of the Songnen Plain, but also in the central and northern parts of the Songnen Plain. In addition, there were also a small distribution in the northeastern and southeastern mountain areas of the Sanjiang Plain; moderately except in the Songnen Plain. The northern part and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain were distributed, in the Middle and Central South of the Songnen Plain, the central and western parts of the Sanjiang Plain, and the southeastern mountain areas were also distributed; the mild and the following risk patterns were mainly distributed in the great and Small Xing’an Ridge, in addition to Sanjiang there was a small distribution on the southern edge of the plains and southeastern mountains. 3) The monitoring level of salinization in Heilongjiang Province showed the overall pattern of the west > east > central, northern and southern regions, the high-level and medium-level monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the western, southwestern, northern parts of the Songnen Plain, and the northeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain, the low-level monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the Songnen Plain, in the south of the Sanjiang Plain, and in the southeastern mountain areas, non-monitoring areas were mainly distributed in the large and Small Xing’an Mountains. The conclusion is that the land salinization monitoring area identification technology based on the risk and landscape ecological risk pattern takes into account the connotation of salinization and the extension of salinization, which provides scientific basis for the monitoring and prevention of land salinization. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Landforms

Controlled terms: Classification (of information)  -  Climate change  -  Database systems  -  Earth (planet)  -  Ecology  -  Groundwater  -  Land use  -  Level measurement  -  Monitoring  -  Risk assessment   -  Salinity measurement  -  Soil surveys  -  Soils  -  Spatial distribution  -  Surface resistance  -  Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Danger  -  Ecological risks  -  Grey correlation models  -  Groundwater mineralizations  -  Heilongjiang  -  Identification technology  -  International exchange  -  Salinization

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.3 Database Systems  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  921 Mathematics  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Temperature variations in energy storage layers in Chinese solar greenhouse walls

Accession number: 20192307019476

Title of translation:

Authors: Tong, Guohong (1); Christopher, David M. (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China

Corresponding author: Christopher, David M.(dmc@tsinghua.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 170-177

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) walls can be made of a single material or can be layered walls that are conceptually divided into three layers (from the inside to the outside) as the energy storage layer, the thermally stable layer and the thermal preservation layer. The temperature variations in the energy storage layer then greatly influence the thermal characteristics of CSG walls during the winter. This study compares the storage layer temperature variations inside single material walls during clear winter days predicted by an analytical solution of the one-dimensional (1D) transient conduction equation with the storage layer temperature distributions inside two-and three-layer layered walls predicted by a previously validated CFD model. This study used single material walls made of clay brick, gravel, clay with grass or rammed clay with the gravel having the largest thermal diffusivity (9.24×10-7m2/s) and the clay brick having the smallest thermal diffusivity (4.29×10-7m2/s). The single material wall temperature predictions show that for an inside wall surface temperature variation amplitude of 15and temperature variation amplitudes at the interface between the energy storage layer and the thermally stable layer of less than 0.1, the gravel wall had to be 0.25 m thicker than the clay brick wall. When the inside wall surface temperature variation amplitude was only 5, the gravel wall had to be 0.2 m thicker. Also, for interface wall temperature variation amplitudes of less than 0.1 and an inside wall surface temperature variation amplitude of 15, the clay brick wall had to be 0.54 m thick, but the wall had to be only 0.42 m thick for an inside wall surface temperature variation amplitude of 5. The model can predict the required thicknesses of the heat storage layer for any single material wall based on the interior wall temperature variations. The predicted temperature variations in a single material wall and the predicted storage layer thicknesses agree well with the measured values for a rammed clay wall. The simulation results for layered walls also show how the interior temperatures in the heat storage layer change with the insulation layer arrangement. For a total wall thickness of 0.6 m and heat storage layer thicknesses of 0.12, 0.24, 036 or 0.48 m, the temperatures across the energy storage layer decrease more quickly with the thicker energy storage layers. Additionally, the wall temperatures in the energy storage layer decrease more quickly in a layered wall than in a single material wall made of the same material since the energy storage layer thickness of 0.48 m was thinner than the single material wall thickness with the same material. Thus, the expected energy storage layer needs to be thicker than the thermal wavelength in the wall. When the total wall thickness changed from 0.6 to 0.72 m while the heat storage layer thickness was kept at 0.36 m, the average wall temperature in the thermal storage layer increased by up to 1.7. The results also show that the required thicknesses of the heat storage layer for layered walls depend on the insulation layer arrangement. The results for single material walls and layered walls give good guidance for wall thickness and wall composition selections for CSG. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Storage (materials)

Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature  -  Brick  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Gravel  -  Greenhouses  -  Heat storage  -  Models  -  Solar heating  -  Surface properties  -  Temperature distribution   -  Thermodynamic stability

Uncontrolled terms: Chinese solar greenhouse  -  Energy storage layer  -  Interior temperature  -  Temperature variation  -  Thermal characteristics  -  Transient conduction  -  Wall  -  Wall surface temperature

Classification code: 414.2 Brick Materials  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  694.4 Storage  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Size 2.00e-01m, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 3.60e-01m, Size 4.20e-01m, Size 4.80e-01m, Size 5.40e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m to 7.20e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Diagnosis of rural poverty pattern and its influencing factors in Yunnan province based on spatial econometric model

Accession number: 20192307019489

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Bosheng (1); Yang, Zisheng (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Economics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming; 650221, China; (2) Institute of Land & Resources and Sustainable Development, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming; 650221, China; (3) Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming; 650221, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Zisheng(yangzisheng@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 276-287

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Chinese government devoted continuously to the rural poverty reduction program which was a long-term hot shot of government and academia since the Reform and Opening Up policy in 1978. Targeted poverty alleviation stratagem which aimed to fully eliminating regional overall poverty in 2020 was put into practice since 2013 in China. Since then, it achieved huge success and the number of people living in extreme poverty reduced sharply in China. But absolute poverty still existed in rural, for the increasing development disparity on account of regional variation; the urban-rural gap was prominent. According to research on rural poverty influencing factors, we found that it had significant differences at different areas and different scales, and lacked a common understanding. For it rarely thought about spatial effects of regional rural poverty for those current existing research on rural poverty influencing factors, it was necessary to study rural poverty influencing factors further. This paper analyzed spatial pattern of rural poverty and main influencing factors on county scale, by applying spatial econometric model and GIS spatial analysis based on the field trip and statistical data which including 15 factors that might influence rural poverty potentially for all of 129 counties in Yunnan province from 2010 to 2015, which intended to providing the theory basis for the formulation and implementation of scientific and effective regional macroscopic poverty reduction policy, and improving poverty reduction that combining poverty status and regional differences even more. This study carried out poverty alleviation and development zoning in Yunnan province, and proposed discrepant policy of regional rural poverty reduction. Results showed that: 1) The number of rural poverty population decreased year by year in Yunnan province, but which was still a high incidence area for rural poverty in China. Rural poverty demonstrated a “center-periphery-edge” pattern which corresponded to low, medium and high poverty among the 129 counties in Yunnan. High poverty areas were concentrated on the northwest, northeast, southeast and south of Yunnan, which involved Jinsha river reaches, Lancang river valley, Nujiang river valley and Red river basin. 2) Regression results of spatial lag model (SLM) showed that the significant influencing factors which affected county rural poverty included terrain relief, traffic distance to municipal government, illiterate rate of population at 15 years old and above of rural, number of hospital beds per thousand people, rate of elderly population at 65 years old and above of rural in Yunnan for the past few years. The regression coefficients of the five significant influencing factors were 0.005, 0.044, 0.380, -1.257 and -2.132 respectively. It produced positive effects on rural poverty for factors of terrain relief, traffic distance to municipal government, illiteracy rate at 15 years old and above of rural in Yunnan province, and the other two factors produced negative effects. 3) Rural poverty had regional differences in Yunnan. In terms of poverty degree and major factors of poverty influencing, Yunnan province was divided into 6 poverty reduction areas which were high poverty area at northwest of Yunnan, high poverty area at northeast of Yunnan, medium-high poverty area at west frontier of Yunnan, medium poverty area at west of Yunnan, high poverty area at southeast of Yunnan and low poverty area at central area of Yunnan. Poverty reduction should be accurately implemented according to regional poverty and major factors of poverty influencing, and strengthened the join forces between adjacent counties to consolidate results of poverty reduction in Yunnan. The spatial effect is an important part of regional rural poverty research, and can provide references for scientific and rational policy setting of regional poverty reduction. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Rural areas

Controlled terms: Geographic information systems  -  Landforms  -  Light modulators  -  Public policy  -  Rivers  -  Spatial variables measurement

Uncontrolled terms: Elderly populations  -  Influencing factors  -  Municipal government  -  Poverty  -  Regional differences  -  Regression coefficient  -  Spatial econometric models  -  Yunnan province

Classification code: 481.1 Geology  -  903.3 Information Retrieval and Use  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.50e+01yr, Age 6.50e+01yr

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Establishment and application of solar radiation model in solar greenhouse

Accession number: 20192307019475

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Hongjun (1, 2); Cao, Yanfei (1); Li, Yanrong (2); Gao, Jie (2); Jiang, Weijie (2); Zou, Zhirong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Corresponding author: Zou, Zhirong(zouzhirong2005@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 160-169

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Solar radiation is an important parameter affecting light and thermal environment in solar greenhouse. Accurately obtaining the solar radiation value and variation of the interior wall and ground in the greenhouse can play an important guiding role in greenhouse design, construction, environmental regulation and crop production. On the basis of summarizing the previous models of solar radiation, a relatively perfect solar radiation model of solar greenhouse was established in this paper. Meteorological data, the laws of the earth and the movement of the sun, and the relationship between the sun’s rays and the angle of the front roof were all considered in this solar radiation model. Internal radiation change of the greenhouse was analyzed based on the model. The model was verified in typical sunny days. The results showed that there were some differences between the calculated and measured solar radiation values, the MBE(mean bias error) was 63.46 W/m2, the MAE(mean absolute error) was 63.48 W/m2, the RMSE(root mean square error) was 79.18 W/m2 and the coefficient of determination R2 was high, ranged from 0.95 to 0.99. The model can be used to calculate the solar radiation intensity of the wall and the ground of solar greenhouse in any area anytime. Highly accurate analysis of the radiation change and the variation of light transmittance in the greenhouse in different seasons were achieved in this paper. It was found that the light transmittance is more affected by the solar azimuth and the solar elevation angle than by the roof angles at different positions. The solar radiation on the surface of the wall and the ground in greenhouse changes with the seasons. The spring equinox and autumn equinox are the days in which the wall and the ground received the longest solar radiation during the year. At this time, the surface of the wall is roughly equivalent to the solar radiation on the ground. From the spring equinox to the autumn equinox, the ground radiation is higher than the surface radiation, while it is opposite when it comes from the autumnal equinox to the vernal equinox. The daily accumulation of solar radiation on the wall changed little from the winter solstice to the start of spring, decreased from the start of the spring to the summer solstice and rose from the summer solstice to the start of winter. The time from winter to the start of the spring is the main production season in the greenhouse, and the heat accumulation of the wall is also the highest in the whole year. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out research on the heat storage at this stage. Solar radiation in greenhouses in different regions is mainly affected by latitude. In lower latitudes, the amount of solar radiation in winter is large and the amount of radiation in summer is small. The research results can provide reference and related data for the study of wall heat storage, roof optimization, crop planting and energy balance of envelope in solar greenhouse. In addition, the change rule of solar radiation in greenhouse was analyzed just under clear and cloudless conditions. For the plant canopy shade, radiation under different weather conditions, insulation quilt position, different rear roof incline angles and lengths, azimuth angles, wall inclined angle and other aspects of the solar radiation change inside the greenhouse can be further explored by the method proposed in this paper. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Greenhouses

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Digital storage  -  Environmental regulations  -  Errors  -  Estimation  -  Heat storage  -  Mean square error  -  Meteorology  -  Models   -  Roofs  -  Solar heating  -  Solar radiation

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of determination  -  Ground  -  Light transmittance  -  RMSE (root mean square error)  -  Solar greenhouse  -  Solar radiation intensity  -  Solar radiation model  -  Wall surfaces

Classification code: 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Surface_Power_Density 6.35e+01W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 7.92e+01W/m2

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Fitness evaluation of Dike-pond utilization based on Niche model

Accession number: 20192307019487

Title of translation:

Authors: Ye, Changsheng (1); Zhong, Yamei (1); Sun, Li (1); Li, Zhiwen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Geosciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 255-263

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Dike-pond was a special land use type and played an important role in the land use pattern of Pearl River Delta. This paper took Dike-pond as the research object, Nanhai District of Foshan City as the research area, introduced the Niche-fitness model into the quality evaluation of Dike-pond, and constructed the Niche-fitness evaluation index system of Dike-pond utilization from three dimensions: Natural quality, social and economic, spatial form. Then it used the means of Hibbert space, weighted average, limiting factor and weighted summation models to calculate the Niche-fitness in different dimensions, divide the fitness level, and analyze Dike-pond utilization quality and its distribution characteristics. The results showed: 1) From the natural quality dimension, Dike-pond was dominated by relatively high and middling fitness, and the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The areas of high and relatively high fitness were 3 266.04 and 7 130.09 hm2, respectively, which were concentrated in Jiujiang, Xiqiao and Danzao of the southwestern part. The area of middling fitness was 5 622.52 hm2, mainly distributed in Xiqiao, Danzao and Shishan. And the low fitness of Dike-pond was the most in Jiujiang, Shishan and Danzao. 2) From the social and economic dimension, Dike-pond was dominated by middling and relatively high fitness, and the overall level was relatively low. The areas of middling and relatively high fitness were 6 373.32 and 5 596.50 hm2, which were concentrated in the southwestern part; The high fitness was the most in Jiujiang and Shishan, the low fitness was the most in Danzao and Xiqiao. 3) From the spatial form dimension, the Niche fitness was generally higher, and the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The area of high fitness was 9 494.36 hm2, mostly distributed in the southwestern part; The area of relatively high fitness was 2 942.02 hm2, which was evenly distributed in the southwest and the north; The middling fitness was the most in Shishan, the low fitness was the most in Shishan and Lishui. 4) The Niche fitness level of Dike-pond in Nanhai District was generally high, and high fitness was the main type, the distribution was high in the south and low in the north. The area of high fitness was 9 494.36 hm2, accounting for 53.96% of the total Dike-pond area, concentrating in Xiqiao, Jiujiang and Danzao, and also the cradle of traditional Dike-pond in Pearl River Delta. The area of relatively high fitness was 3 301.35 hm2, distributed in the southwest and the north; The area of middling fitness was 3 274.72 hm2, with the largest number of Shishan; The low fitness was 1 406.43 hm2, the northern part was the most. It was an effective way to improve the Niche fitness level of Dike-pond by protective development measure, using the segmentation, increasing the intensity of remediation, improving the ecological environment. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Hydraulic structures

Controlled terms: Health  -  Lakes  -  Land use  -  Levees  -  Models  -  Quality control

Uncontrolled terms: Dike ponds  -  Distribution characteristics  -  Ecological environments  -  Fitness evaluations  -  Nanhai District  -  Quality dimension  -  Quality evaluation  -  Weighted summations

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  442.1 Flood Control  -  461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.40e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Effects of aquatic feed layer thickness on distribution of airflow velocity on feed layer surface in belt dryer

Accession number: 20192307019490

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Pengfei (1, 2); Wu, Pengpeng (1); Zhang, Qi (1); Chen, Bo (2); Xi, Xiaobo (1); Zhang, Jianfeng (1); Zhang, Ruihong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225127, China; (2) National Feed Processing Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, Jiangsu Muyang Holdings Co., Ltd., Yangzhou; 225120, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Qi(qizhang@yzu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 288-294

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Moisture content of the aquatic feed after extruder is frequently high in the production process, and drying is necessary to reduce moisture content of the aquatic feed. The thickness of feed layer is an important parameter during the aquatic feed drying. On one hand, the thickness of feed layer represents the capacity of the belt dryer per unit time(the thicker the feed layer, the higher the productivity), which affects the working energy consumption of the belt dryer. On the other hand, the thickness of feed layer also affects airflow distribution inside the belt dryer, thus affecting the distribution uniformity of airflow velocity on the surface of feed layer. The airflow velocity on feed layer surface directly influences the moisture content of aquatic feed after drying, and the uniformity of airflow velocity on feed layer surface directly influences the uniformity of moisture content of aquatic feed. In this paper, effects of aquatic feed layer thickness on airflow distribution in belt dryer and airflow velocity distribution on feed layer surface was studied. Firstly, three different kinds of internal airflow distribution inside the belt dryer were simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), corresponding to three kinds of feed layer thicknesses (20, 30, 40 mm). Secondly, a belt dryer was designed and manufactured as the experimental platform based on the actual production needs in the National Feed Processing Equipment Engineering and Research Center. Thirdly, three series of experiments were conducted using the experimental platform corresponding to three kinds of feed layer thickness (20, 30, 40 mm), and repeated three times in every series of the experiment. Before the experiment, nine airflow velocity sensors were placed at nine points on the surface of the feed layer in order to measure the airflow velocity values of that nine points during the experiment. After the simulations and experiments, not only the simulation results of the airflow velocity distribution on the feed layer surface and experimental results of that were compared, but also the difference of airflow velocity distribution on feed surface between different feed layer thickness were compared. Results showed that the trend of airflow velocity distribution in simulation results and experimental results were consistent, which proved the simulations and experiments in this paper were reliable. Besides, the error between simulations and experimental results were also explained in this paper. According to the simulation and experimental results, aquatic feed layer thickness affected the airflow distribution inside the belt dryer and the airflow velocity distribution on the feed layer surface. When the feed layer thickness was 20 mm, the airflow velocity uniformity of airflow velocity distribution was not good. But when the feed layer thickness was 40 mm, airflow velocity uniformity of airflow velocity distribution was respectively good. The research in this paper provides theoretical guidance for the selection of feed layer thickness parameters in actual production of belt dryers, which can reduce the moisture content of aquatic feed and make the moisture content uniformity of aquatic feed good after drying. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Air

Controlled terms: Computational fluid dynamics  -  Dryers (equipment)  -  Drying  -  Energy utilization  -  Manufacture  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Velocity  -  Velocity distribution  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Airflow  -  Airflow distribution  -  Content uniformity  -  Distribution uniformity  -  Experimental platform  -  Layer thickness  -  Processing equipment  -  Production process

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  537.1 Heat Treatment Processes  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Size 2.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Production capacity and its WUE of different crops in Lishu county of Jilin Province

Accession number: 20192307019467

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Tao (1); Yang, Xiaoguang (1); Gao, Jiqing (1); He, Bin (1); Bai, Fan (1); Zhang, Fangliang (1); Liu, Zhijuan (1); Wang, Xiaoyu (1, 2); Sun, Shuang (1); Wan, Nenghan (1); Chen, Xi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Asset Operation Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing; 100081, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Xiaoguang(yangxg@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 7

Issue date: April 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 97-104

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Northeast China is an important grain production area of China. The maize planting is increasing recently. In this study, we explored the production capacity of the other crops in order to provide valuable information for laying out more reasonable and effective planting structure in the Northeast China. 2-year experiments were conducted in Lishu county of Jilin Province in 2016 and 2017. Crop treatments by water treatments were designed. Crops included soybean, wheat, millet and potato and 2 water treatments included irrigation and rain-fed method. The crops were planted in traditional way. The crop yield and soil water content were measured. The water consumption was calculated based on water balance equation. The water deficit rate was defined as the percentage of difference of precipitation and water requirement and water consumption. Water requirement was calculated based on potential evapotranspiration of FAO formula and crop coefficient. The water use efficiency was calculated based precipitation, irrigation and their sum. Then the yield and water use efficiency were converted into energy in order to compare different crops. Economic benefit of these 4 crops under different water treatments were compared. The results showed that compared to historical average, the year of 2016 was wet year and the year of 2017 was normal year. In the wet year, the precipitation was rich during the early and middle stages of crops while it was scarce during the early and late stages of the crops. The crop water requirements were higher than or equaled to in the wet year than in normal year. The wheat-buckwheat had the highest crop water consumption in 2016 while the potato had the lowest water consumption. During the initial stage, most of the crops had surplus precipitation. By the middle stage, most of them started to show shortage of precipitation. For the whole growth period, the water deficit of potato was the highest and that of the millet was the lowest. The potato had higher production capacity (over 100 000 GJ/hm2 under rain-fed treatment) than the other crops. The production capacity of the other crops was not significantly different (P>0.05). Irrigation could only improve production capacity of potato. However, the impact of irrigation on potato production capacity was different in different precipitation patterns. In normal year, the increase of production capacity of potato was much higher than the wet year. In addition, the water use efficiency of production capacity of potato was higher than the others. The irrigation water use efficiency of potato could be more than 20 GJ/mm, far higher than the other crops. Thus, the economic benefit of water use based on production capacity of potato was also the highest. Compared to the soybean and wheat-buckwheat, the millet was higher in the economic benefit of water use based on production capacity in wet year. Therefore, potato and millet had greater advantages than soybean and spring wheat in planting structure adjustment based on crop production capacity, the precipitation use efficiency in production capacity, irrigation water use efficiency in production capacity, agricultural water use efficiency in production capacity and economic coefficient in Lishu county of Jilin province. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Crops

Controlled terms: Cultivation  -  Economic and social effects  -  Irrigation  -  Precipitation (chemical)  -  Rain  -  Soil moisture  -  Water management  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Millet  -  Potato  -  Production capacity  -  Water use efficiency  -  Wheat

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.00e+00yr

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.07.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village