1. Modification of horizontal drag force coefficient of bam bank root stone considering influence of Reynolds number and shape

Accession number: 20192307005245

Title of translation:

Authors: Lan, Yan (1); Shen, Xizhong (1); Zou, Rui (2); Yang, Changming (3); Jiang, Siqi (1); Luo, Liqun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research of YRCC, Zhengzhou; 450003, China; (2) School of Civil and Transportation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (3) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330000, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 173-182

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Scattered root stone loss under the action of water flow is one of main reasons causing bank instability. Drag force is an important parameter for understanding the related mechanisms. In this paper, we investigated the effects of shape and Reynolds number on the drag force coefficient of root stone under the action of water flow. Scattered root stones on Yellow River bank had the width-height ratio of 1.01-2.55, the length-height ratio of 1.29-3.40, and unit weight of 17.70-26.20 kN/m3. Based on these investigated results, samples of different shapes (block and ball) and sizes were prepared. A set of force measurement system was developed for determining velocity and pressure signals simultaneously, which could measure horizontal drag force under the action of water flow on balls and different sizes of blocks by controlling water flow of sloping flume. Based on the analysis on the relationship between Reynolds number, shape and drag force, drag coefficient function of block was calibrated. Results showed that the drag force coefficients of underwater balls or balls were not influenced by the flow and shape. Their drag force coefficients were 0.40-0.56. However, the drag force coefficient of blocks was affected by the water flow and object shape. When the Reynolds number of block was less than 3×104, the drag force coefficient changed in hyperbolic shape.When the Reynolds number of block was greater than 3×104, if the width-height ratio of upstream face was less than or equaled to the length-height ratio of upstream of side elevation, the drag coefficients tended to be constant values of 0.80-0.90, or if the width-height ratio of upstream face was more than the length-height ratio of upstream of side elevation, the drag coefficients tended to be constant values of 1.00-1.10. Considering the interaction effects of the Reynolds number and block shape, the horizontal drag force coefficient formula of block stone could be obtained under 7 combination conditions. Based on the measured data, the drag coefficients under different application conditions were fitted by least square method. The formulas of drag force coefficients of block stone were presented under the influence of Reynolds number and shape parameters. And then the horizontal drag force calculation formula was suggested with the projected area of different objects in the flow direction. It could more accurately reflect the force characteristics of the underwater root stone. The goodness of fit of drag force coefficient reached above 0.90, and the mean of relative error was 8.7%. After correction the mean of relative error of drag force was only 7.5%. Compared to the regular method considering the drag coefficient as a constant of 0.45 (the mean relative error of drag force), the corrected method had a higher accuracy, indicating that the modification in this study is reasonable and the formula established is useful for block root stones. The research results make up for inadequacy of theoretical basis for drag force analysis of underwater root stones in the process of revetment engineering stability calculation. These results can be applied to planning and designing revetment projects in water conservancy projects. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Drag

Controlled terms: Dams  -  Drag coefficient  -  Errors  -  Flow of water  -  Hydraulics  -  Least squares approximations  -  Revetments  -  Reynolds equation  -  Reynolds number  -  Rivers   -  Water management

Uncontrolled terms: Ball  -  Block  -  Drag force coefficients  -  Root stone  -  Shape

Classification code: 407.2 Waterways  -  441.1 Dams  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics  -  632.1 Hydraulics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.50e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Cotton yield prediction using remote visual and spectral images captured by UAV system

Accession number: 20192307005235

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Meina (1); Feng, Aijing (2); Zhou, Jianfeng (2); Lü, Xiaolan (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Division of Food System and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia; MO; 65211, United States; (3) School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Lü, Xiaolan(lxlanny@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 91-98

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Crop yield prediction is helpful for farmers to make reasonable agronomic decisions such as crop insurance, planning of harvest, storage requirement, cash flow budgeting and the determination of input factors. This paper presented an application for cotton yield prediction based on the remote visual and spectral images captured by a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) remote sensing system. Field experiments were carried out at a cotton field approximately 5 hm2. Images of the cotton field were captured by the UAV remote sensing system at a 50 m flight height before fully blooming. One RGB panoramic image and one CIR (color-infrared) panoramic image were obtained by stitching the collected partial images with 75% overlap. Yield data with GPS (global position system) information were registered respectively to the RGB and CIR images according to the GCPs (ground control points). Then 3 features including color feature, coverage rate and vegetation index were extracted from the images and used to develop predication models. Color feature was the hue channel in HSV (hue, saturation, value) color model. Coverage rate was calculated by using Excess Green value based on RGB (red, green, blue) color model. Vegetation index was NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) value usually used to monitor the crop growth. The datasets including yield data and 3 features were randomly divided into training data (90% of raw data) for modeling and test data (10% of raw data) for evaluating the model accuracy. The training data were preprocessed though removing 10% partial outliers based on probability distribution of yield data and being smoothed by mean filter respectively. Then multiple linear regression models were built to predict cotton yield, and parameters of the models were estimated based on the least square method and calculated by SAS software. 3 parameters were used to evaluate the models including P value in F-test statistic, coefficient of determination R2, and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) between predicted values and the ground truth data in acre area level. The results showed that 7 linear regression models built by 1 variable (color feature, coverage rate or vegetation index), 2 variables (color feature and coverage rate, color feature and vegetation index or coverage rate and vegetation index) and 3 variables (color feature, coverage rate and vegetation index) were all statistically significant at significance level 5%. However, the adequacy of the multiple linear regression model with 3 variables was the best due to the highest R2=0.977 3 compared to other 6 regression models built by 1 variable and 2 variables. So the multiple linear regression model with 3 variables was used to predict yield. And the average MAPEs on the multiple linear regression models built by 3 variables was 4.0% in acre area level. The results from this study indicate that combining visual and spectral features from image sensors can be used effectively to predict yield. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Image processing

Controlled terms: Antennas  -  Budget control  -  Color  -  Color codes  -  Cotton  -  Crops  -  Digital storage  -  Forecasting  -  Least squares approximations  -  Linear regression   -  Models  -  Probability distributions  -  Remote sensing  -  Rock mechanics  -  Spectroscopy  -  Statistical tests  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of determination  -  Global position systems  -  Linear regression models  -  Mean absolute percentage error  -  Multiple linear regression models  -  Normalized difference vegetation index  -  UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)  -  Yield prediction

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Size 5.00e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.011

Funding text: Key Laboratory of Protected Agriculture Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, China.

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Fast segmentation on potato buds with chaos optimization-based K-means algorithm

Accession number: 20192307005247

Title of translation: K

Authors: Xi, Rui (1); Hou, Jialin (1); Li, Licheng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) Department of Mechanical and Electronic Technical Engineering, Taishan Vocational and Technical College, Tai’an; 271000, China

Corresponding author: Hou, Jialin(jlhou@sdau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 190-196

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accurate segmentation of the potato buds is the premise of seed potatoes automatic cutting. In order to improve the accuracy of buds segmentation, the fast segmentation on potato buds with chaos optimization-based K -means algorithm was realized in this paper. K-means algorithm has the merits of effectiveness and easy to implement, while the problem of easily trapping into the local optima hinders its accuracy of clustering. Chaotic systems can carry out overall searches by chaotic variables at high speed with ergodicity and non-repetition. The main idea of the proposed algorithm was searching with chaotic variables by mapping them into the range of the variables in K-means algorithm and eventually achieved global optimization. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed algorithm outperformed the state-of-the-art K-means and FCM (fuzzy C-means) algorithm, whether in segmentation accuracy or running time. The average running time for K-means and FCM algorithm to segment the buds in one image was 2.895 5 and 3.556 4 s, respectively, however, it only took 1.109 s with the proposed algorithm. And running time was less effected by clustering number when it was more than 3, namely, the proposed algorithm could provide a less running time when applied to other crops, which were suitable to be segmented into 3 or more clusters. Moreover, results also verified that the better selection of the clustering number for the samples in this paper was no more than 3. Finally, for the potatoes in buds segmentation precision experiment, the proposed algorithm could achieve a total segmentation precision of 98.87% and without any buds omission. Thereinto, the segmentation precision for normal potatoes was 100%, and that for special ones was 91.67%. Consequently, the fast segmentation of potato buds with the proposed algorithm could lay a solid foundation for future automatic cutting of seed potatoes. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: K-means clustering

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Chaotic systems  -  Global optimization  -  Image processing  -  Image segmentation

Uncontrolled terms: Average running time  -  Chaos optimization  -  Chaos optimization algorithm  -  Ergodicity  -  K-means  -  Potato buds  -  Segmentation accuracy  -  Segmentation precision

Classification code: 921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Percentage 9.89e+01%, Time 1.11e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.023

Funding Details: Number: 31700644, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Special Project “Potato Precision Seeding Technology and Equipment Research and Development” of the 13th Five-Year National Key Research Development Project (2017YFD0700705); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.31700644).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Design of assembly line for small intelligent poultry eviscerated with low visceral damage rate

Accession number: 20192307005260

Title of translation:

Authors: Xiong, Lirong (1); Luo, Shuhao (1); Wang, Shucai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 294-301

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low automation, poor equipment matching and high damage rate in the domestic poultry slaughtering operation, we designed a small intelligent control system for the eviscerated assembly line of poultry. The system consists of poultry eviscerated assembly line, clamping manipulator, mechanical arm, tactile system, photoelectric sensor and PLC controller, which can realize automatic eviscerating in the process of poultry slaughter. On the basis of the mechanical arm and the mechanical paw, we have conceived and designed the structure of the eviscerated assembly line device. The eviscerated assembly line is designed as a ring type, and the poultry is fixed on the poultry fixing device by hanging upside down. The synchronous belt drives the slide table to run on the guide rail so that the poultry can follow the loop guide rail to form an assembly line. The synchronous belt drives the slide table to run on the guide rail so that the poultry can follow the loop guide rail to form an assembly line. The system takes the trigger signal of the photoelectric sensor as the signal of the poultry have been in place, when the rising edge of the photoelectric sensor signal is detected, the EM253 module immediately controls the assembly line from high speed to low speed. When the falling edge of the photoelectric sensor signal is detected, the assembly line stops and waits for evisceration of the manipulator. The CPU226 provides two high-speed pulse outputs (Q0.0 and Q0.1) to control the speed of the two stepping motors on the Y-axis of mechanical arm and the mechanical paw, which can realize reciprocating motion of the mechanical arm and tension of the mechanical paw. During the net eviscerating process, the pressure sensors installed on the manipulator paws monitor the pressure exerted by the manipulator paw on the viscera in real time. The EM235 module transmits the pressure signal collected in real time to the PLC, once the pressure value reaches the pressure threshold of 8.22 N, the manipulator paw reverses a certain angle to reduce the damage rate of the internal organs. The human-computer interaction interface of the system mainly consists of three parts: Communication debugging, manual mode, and automatic mode. The automatic mode is realized by three buttons, namely “auto start”, “emergency stop” and “reset”, and the emergency stop button can also be used as the stop button of the manual mode. In order to test the stability of the system and the eviscerating effect on poultry, 60 chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups, 20 in each group, named group A, group B and group C. Group A was used to determine the pressure threshold, group B was tested under the steady operation of the assembly line, and group C, as the control group, was tested under the static state of the assembly line. The test indicators were the evisceration rate and breakage rate of poultry. The results of test showed that the control system can realize automatic evisceration of poultry, with stable performance and simple operation. The operating efficiency of a single manipulator is about 100 pieces/h, the average evisceration rate was 86.95% and the average breakage rate of visceral was 20%. Compared with entrails test in static state, the evisceration rate has little difference, but the breakage rate has increased, which generally meets the expected design requirements. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Assembly machines

Controlled terms: Assembly  -  Belt drives  -  Computer debugging  -  Control system analysis  -  Human computer interaction  -  Intelligent control  -  Manipulators  -  Photoelectricity  -  Pressure sensors  -  Program debugging   -  Programmable logic controllers  -  Signal detection  -  Stepping motors  -  System stability

Uncontrolled terms: Assembly line  -  Design of assemblies  -  Human computer interaction interface  -  Operating efficiency  -  Photoelectric sensors  -  Reciprocating motion  -  Stable performance  -  Synchronous belt drives

Classification code: 601.1 Mechanical Devices  -  602.1 Mechanical Drives  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  705.3 Electric Motors  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.1 Computer Programming  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  944.3 Pressure Measuring Instruments  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Force 8.22e+00N, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.70e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Characterizations and preservative effect of anti-fogging films prepared with nano-TiO2

Accession number: 20192307005261

Title of translation:

Authors: Sui, Siyao (1); Ma, Jiajia (1); Lu, Haoqian (1); Wang, Yuning (1); Ding, Peng (2); Li, Jun (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suzhou; 215155, China; (2) Research Center of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Shanghai University, Shanghai; 200444, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Yuning(wyn705@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 302-310

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: To prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables, an anti-fogging film composed of anti-fogging agents (span-20 and tween-20) and nano-TiO2 was prepared. Its structural properties and anti-fogging performance such as optical property, anti-fogging property, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), contact angle (CA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were all determined and compared with the contrast films. The results showed P-ST film and P-ST-TiO2 film both had good anti-fogging property, but the anti-fogging property of P-ST-TiO2 film was much more stable and efficient. The P-ST-TiO2 film had the lowest CA, which was 12.5°, while its WVTR was the highest with a value of 4.871 g/(m2•d). With the addition of nano-TiO2, P-TiO2 film and P-ST-TiO2 film were possessed of UV-light barrier property. Strawberry preservation indicated the P-ST-TiO2 film could prolong the shelf life of strawberries at room temperature for a week. This study suggests that P-ST-TiO2 film, as an anti-fogging packaging material, has shown the potential to prolong the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 42

Main heading: Film preparation

Controlled terms: Contact angle  -  Films  -  Fog dispersal  -  Fruits  -  Nanotechnology  -  Optical properties  -  Packaging materials  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Titanium dioxide  -  Vegetables

Uncontrolled terms: Anti-fogging  -  Barrier properties  -  Fruits and vegetables  -  Nano-TiO2  -  Shelf life  -  TiO2 film  -  Tween-20  -  Water vapor transmission rate

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  694.2 Packaging Materials  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  761 Nanotechnology  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.037

Funding Details: Number: CX (17) 3029, Acronym: JASTIF, Sponsor: Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund;

Funding text: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences (8111701); Independent Innovation Funds of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province (CX (17) 3029).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Influence of paddy field and dry field distribution on local surface temperature by remote sensing inversion in Sanjiang Plain

Accession number: 20192307005256

Title of translation:

Authors: Du, Guoming (1); Liu, Wenqi (1); Yu, Jiaxing (1); Zhang, Shuang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 259-267

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The impact of rapid land-use conversion on the local climate is the focus of global change and sustainable research. Large-scale upland conversion to paddy fields and its influence on the local climate in the Sanjiang Plain area should be the important content of current climate impact research on human land use activities. In order to explore its influence on the land surface temperature, we used the atmospheric correction temperature inverse method based on the Landsat 8 TIRS remote sensing image data on June 16, 2017. The basic principle of this method is to remove the atmospheric influence and use the atmospheric radiation transfer equation; surface heat radiation intensity observed by the satellite is converted to the corresponding surface temperature. The parameters involved are mainly atmospheric profile parameters and surface specific emissivity. Through the temperature inversion, the surface temperature data of the northern part of the Sanjiang Plain was obtained. Then, the mean-standard deviation method was used to divide the overall temperature data of the cultivated land in the study area into five different grades, which visually showed the overall distribution characteristics of the land surface temperature values of the cultivated land in the study area. The land-use data was updated and obtained from the national rural land survey data, which scale was 1:10000. On this basis, we analyze the correlation between the paddy field planting area and the average land surface temperature in the different paddy field planting level divisions, and characterized the space effect of different patterns of dry field and paddy fields on the surface temperature feature. Through this series of data statistics and analysis process, the following results can be obtained: the research area we selected is the cultivated land concentration area, and the cultivated land area within the scope is 73.63%. Cultivated land types in the study area are mainly paddy fields and dry land. The paddy field planting area is 7.2×105 hm2, accounting for 58.12% of the total area of cultivated land, while the dry field planting area is slightly lower than that of paddy field with area 5.2×105 hm2, accounting for 41.88%. According to the zoning statistics, we know that in the paddy field planting area average surface temperature in the interior is 27.73, while the average surface temperature in the dry field is 37.60, which is 9.87 higher than that in the paddy field. In addition, from the aspect of spatial distribution, the surface temperature is lower in the northwest and the north which is higher in the southwestern part and the eastern part of the study area. After correlation analysis, we find that the paddy field area ratio and the surface temperature mean value are significantly negative at 0.01 (two sides) (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Atmospheric temperature

Controlled terms: Atmospheric radiation  -  Climate change  -  Data visualization  -  Energy transfer  -  Inverse problems  -  Land surface temperature  -  Land use  -  Landforms  -  Remote sensing  -  Space optics   -  Surface measurement  -  Surface properties  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Climate impact researches  -  Cultivated lands  -  Different water contents  -  Distribution characteristics  -  Energy transfer process  -  Paddy fields  -  Radiation transfer equations  -  Sanjiang plain

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  481.1 Geology  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  656.1 Space Flight  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.19e+01%, Percentage 5.81e+01%, Percentage 7.36e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Effects of film mulching on maize growth and soil water, fertilizer and heat under fertigation of drip irrigation

Accession number: 20192307005236

Title of translation:

Authors: Qi, Yinglong (1); Shi, Haibin (1); Li, Ruiping (1); Zhao, Ju (2); Li, Bin (2); Li, Min (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Institute of Resources and Environment and Detection Technology of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot; 010031, China; (3) Baotou Teachers’ College of Inner Mongolia Technology University, Baotou; 014030, China

Corresponding author: Shi, Haibin(shi_haibin@sohu.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 99-110

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Irrigation water shortage and climate variability constrain agricultural production, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The fertigation technology of drip irrigation under film mulching has been applied in the West Liaohe River basin, China. However, few studies have focused on quantitative effects of filming for drip fertigation in this area. To systematically reveal the regulation effect of filming from the changes in maize growth and soil water, fertilizer and heat, field experiments were carried out by applying film drip irrigation and film-free drip irrigation at two basic soil fertility levels in 2014 and 2015 in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia. In this study, soil temperature sensor, TDR moisture monitor, plant photosynthetic instrument and sample chemical test were used to obtain the data, then count and compare the differences of these data for film mulching and bare land. The results showed that film drip irrigation increased the leaf area index and shortened the time of population canopy development in the early and rapid growth periods of maize compared with film-free drip irrigation. Under the fertigation technology of drip irrigation, filming could increase the emergence rate, the effective plant percentage and the NPK accumulation in grains, stems and leaves by 4.9%-5.2%, 5.7%-6.3% and 3.9%-19.8% respectively. Filming could increase the yield and the water use efficiency by 10.8%-14.2% and 17%-18.4% respectively. Moreover, it could improve the photosynthetic capacity and partial factor productivity (PFP) at the panicle leaf. The filming effect could be increased based on good soil fundamental fertility. Within 75 days after sowing, filming increased the soil water storage at the 1 m soil layer by 3.9%-15.7%. After the canopy was fully developed, soil water storage was close to or less than that of bare land. Under the fertigation technology of drip irrigation, filming could reduce the difference of the topsoil’s water consumption at equal intervals, reduce the proportion of total water consumption of topsoil in 0-60 cm depth, and weaken the vertical difference of moisture consumption in moist soil. After irrigation between 1 to 7 days, filming reduced the soil water consumption at the drip irrigation tape and the film side by 7.59 mm and 9.44 mm respectively. Filming could increase the available nitrogen at the 0-20 cm soil layer by 2.13-12.0 mg/kg in the growth process, increase the nitrogen accumulation in grains, stems and leaves. Filming could increase the nitrogen uptake of maize at the 20-60 cm soil layer. The residual available nitrogen and available phosphorus at the 20-100 cm soil layer after harvest were not significantly affected or reduced by film mulching. The soil temperature decreased sharply after irrigation and effective rainfall, and recovered subsequently. The soil heat showed alternating cycle fluctuation with water supply and consumption changes. Filming significantly increased the soil temperature in the early and rapid growth periods. Because of film mulching, the 5 cm soil layer obtained more than 44.92 daily average soil accumulated temperature within 75 days after sowing, which was significantly reflected in water accumulation and heat loss (after well irrigation and rainfall) of the soil to the soil temperature recovery period. Filming could stabilize the soil temperature amplitude and obtain more soil accumulated temperature when the soil was cold. The research results can provide scientific basis and decision-making reference for the fertigation technology of drip irrigation under plastic film mulching in the West Liaohe Plain. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Arid regions  -  Decision making  -  Digital storage  -  Fertilizers  -  Film growth  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Moisture control  -  Nitrogen  -  Nutrients  -  Plants (botany)   -  Plastic films  -  Population statistics  -  Rain  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Temperature  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Accumulated temperatures  -  Agricultural productions  -  Arid and semi-arid regions  -  Drip irrigation  -  Drip irrigation under plastic films  -  Land capability  -  Partial factor productivity  -  Soil water

Classification code: 443 Meteorology  -  443.3 Precipitation  -  444 Water Resources  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  817.1 Polymer Products  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  912.2 Management

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.05e-01yr, Age 2.74e-03yr to 1.92e-02yr, Percentage 1.08e+01% to 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01% to 1.84e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+00% to 1.57e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+00% to 1.98e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+00% to 5.20e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Size 7.59e-03m, Size 9.44e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Salt content estimation model of saline soil in Xining Basin based on water content and in-situ electrical conductivity

Accession number: 20192307005242

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Zhiwen (1); Liu, Yabin (1); Hu, Xiasong (1, 2); Yu, Dongmei (2, 3); Yang, Youqing (2, 3, 4); Li, Hongyu (1); Tao, Xiaolong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China; (2) Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Xining; 810008, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Geology and Environment of Qinghai Province, Xining; 810008, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China

Corresponding author: Hu, Xiasong(huxiasong@tsinghua.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 148-154

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Xining Basin, located on the western margin of the Loess Plateaus, is characterized by rich saline soils. This study explored the electrical conductivity characteristics of loess saline soil and the relationship between soil electrical conductivity, soil water content and soil salt content in Xining Basin. The soil samples were collected from the test area. Due to the soil saline was not evenly distributed, we prepared the samples based on the collected soil after salt-leaching. Before salt leaching, the soil was of medium degree of salinization but after salt leaching it was of weak degree of salinization. The soils after salt leaching were mixed with different content of anhydrous sodium sulfate to form samples with different salt contents (0.18%, 0.68%, 1.18%, 1.68% and 2.18%). For each sample, different water content was designed (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). FJA-10 soil salt sensor and CD-12 intelligent salt conductivity instrument were used to measure the electrical conductivity of loess saline soil samples under different soil water content and soil salt content conditions. The relationship between soil electrical conductivity, water content and salt content were analyzed. On this basis, the regression model between electrical conductivity, water content and salt content of loess saline soil was established. The results showed that the soil electrical conductivity increased gradually with the increase of soil water content from 5.00% to 25.00% under the conditions of 0.18% to 2.18% salt content, and the relationship between soil electrical conductivity and water content conformed to power function. With the increase of soil salt content, the increasing range of soil electrical conductivity increased with the increase of water content. For the soil with high salt content, the effect of increasing water content on soil electrical conductivity was more significant. When the soil water content increased from 5.00% to 25.00%, with the increase of soil salt content from 0.18% to 2.18%, the soil electrical conductivity also showed a gradual increase trend, and the relationship between soil electrical conductivity and salt content was in a linear function. When the soil water content was relatively low, the increase of soil salt content had a relatively small impact on soil electrical conductivity; when the soil water content was relatively high, the increase of soil salt content showed a relatively significant effect on soil electrical conductivity. A regression model based on water content, salt content and their interaction was established and the model was built with a high determination coefficient R2 of 0.995 and the t test showed that the model coefficient was significant for the model. After transformation, a salt content estimation model was obtained. By validation, the relative error of actual and calculated salt content was less than 10%, indicating that the model was reliable for salt content estimation in Xining Basin. The model can be used to estimate the soil salt content quickly and effectively when the water content was higher than 5% and less than 25% (not equal to 5.52%) and the salt content was between 0.18% and 2.18%. The results of this study provides an effective model for salt content estimation in Xining Basin. It is of guiding significance for division of salinization degree, evaluation of engineering geological characteristics and scientific prevention and control of geological hazards such as soil salinization of loess saline soil in the study area and its surrounding areas. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Saline water

Controlled terms: Electric conductivity  -  Geology  -  Leaching  -  Regression analysis  -  Sediments  -  Sodium sulfate  -  Soil moisture  -  Soil surveys  -  Sulfur compounds  -  Water content

Uncontrolled terms: Electrical conductivity  -  Multiple regression analysis  -  Saline soil  -  Salt content  -  Xining Basin

Classification code: 444 Water Resources  -  481.1 Geology  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.18e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.68e+00%, Percentage 1.80e-01%, Percentage 1.80e-01% to 2.18e+00%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.52e+00%, Percentage 6.80e-01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Mechanism of short-term nitrogen deficiency at flowering stage improving content of vitamin C in cucumber

Accession number: 20192307005240

Title of translation: C

Authors: Li, Yunyun (1); Li, Qiang (1); Chai, Lin (1); Liu, Peng (1); Yu, Hongjun (1); Jiang, Weijie (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Corresponding author: Jiang, Weijie(jiagweijie@caas.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 134-140

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: AsA (L-ascorbic acid),also known as vitamin C, is an abundant antioxidant in plants. The previous study found that the AsA level of cucumber was higher under the short-term nitrogen deficiency than control(without nitrogen deficiency). However, the regulatory mechanism is not explicit. In this study, the mechanism of short-term nitrogen deficiency at the flowering stage improving AsA content of cucumber was studied. The effect of relative enzyme activities and AsA-GSH recycling-related genes expression profiles, as well as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and AsA contents were studied in hydroponic cucumber under short-term nitrogen deficiency,respectively. Based on this, the mechanism of AsA content increasing in cucumber under short-term nitrogen deficiency was studied. The results showed that under nitrogen deficiency, the content of MDA and H2O2 increased by 1- and 0.8-fold in the fruits of T1 (without nitrogen at flowing stage) compared with CK(nitrogen content of 12 mmol/L at flowing stage) on the 7th day after nitrogen deficiency treatment, respectively. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity in the fruits of T1 increased by 60%, 21% and 74% respectively on the 7th day. Moreover, the total AsA (T-AsA) content in fruits and leaves were increased by 70% and 17% on the 5th day, respectively. The expression levels of APX-1, APX-3, APX-4, APX-5, AO-4, GR-1 and GR-2 were significantly up-regulated on the 1st day in leaves of T1 under short-term nitrogen deficiency. In the fruits of T1, transcripts of AO-1, MDHAR-1, MDAHR-3, GR-2 and APX-5 were higher than that of the control on the 1st day. The APX activity of T1 fruits increased by 51.6% on the 5th day. The MDHAR activity in leaves and fruits of T1 increased by 59.6% and 24.8% on the 3rd day, respectively. And the DHAR activity in fruits of T1 increased by 109% on the 3rd day. It can be seen that short-term nitrogen deficiency at flowering stage promoted the accumulation of T-AsA in cucumber fruits and leaves, the activities of related enzymes in AsA-GSH recycling pathway increased, and the expression level of genes in AsA-GSH recycling pathway were up-regulated. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Nitrogen

Controlled terms: Ascorbic acid  -  Enzymes  -  Fruits  -  Gene expression  -  Mechanisms  -  Plants (botany)  -  Recycling

Uncontrolled terms: Cucumber  -  Expression levels  -  Genes expression  -  L-ascorbic acid  -  Nitrogen deficiency  -  Recycling pathways  -  Regulatory mechanism  -  Superoxide dismutase activities

Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes  -  461.9 Biology  -  601.3 Mechanisms  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Molar_Concentration 1.20e+01mol/m3, Percentage 1.09e+02%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.48e+01%, Percentage 5.16e+01%, Percentage 5.96e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.016

Funding Details: Number: 31471920, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Number: 31672203, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: National Natural Science Foundation of China (31471920, 31672203).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Process parameter optimization for gasification of corn stalk in circulating fluidized bed gasifier

Accession number: 20192307005252

Title of translation:

Authors: Chang, Jiafu (1, 2); Xu, Pengju (1); Liu, Zhaoyuan (1); Dong, Yuping (3); Yu, Jie (1); Dong, Lei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Shandong Baichuan Tongchuang Energy Company Ltd., Ji’nan; 250101, China; (2) Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Clean Conversion, Shandong Province, Ji’nan; 250061, China; (3) Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Ji’nan; 250061, China

Corresponding author: Dong, Yuping(dongyp@sdu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 226-233

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Large quantities of crop stalk resources are produced in China every year, and some of the stalks are incinerated, which pollutes the environment. Biomass gasification is attracting a great deal of attention as a way of utilizing biomass waste. In this study, a circulating fluidized bed experimental system was designed and constructed with a treating capacity of 150 kg/h, which equipped with secondary back-feeding device, steam generator and air preheater. The influences of secondary back-feeding device on the gasification performance were investigated with corn stalk after crushing and drying pretreatment as biomass feedstock. The effects of air equivalence ratio (ER) within 0.20~0.35 on gasifier temperature, tar content, gas composition, carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency were investigated when the secondary back-feeding device was closed and open. The gasification reaction was promoted by increasing ER, and gasification efficiency and carbon conversion showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing. The results showed that good gasification results were both obtained at ER of 0.26. When the secondary back-feeding device was closed, the maximum carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency were 91.19% and 72.95%, respectively. Whereas the carbon conversion rate and gasification efficiency were higher when the secondary back-feeding device was open, which was up to 93.54% and 77.06%, respectively. The experimental results also showed that secondary back-feeding device had a good effect on tar cracking. When the secondary back-feeding device was closed and open, the tar content in gas was 7.5 g/m3 and 4.5 g/m3 at ER of 0.26, respectively, which meant that tar content can be decreased by 40% when secondary back-feeding system was open. The effects of steam/biomass ratio (S/B) on gasification characteristics were investigated when the secondary back-feeding device was open. The results showed that gas quality and gasification efficiency were improved with air as main gasifying agent and steam assisted. The better operation conditions of the corn stalk gasification were 0.26 of ER and 0.2 of S/B, and gas calorific value and gasification efficiency reached to maximum value of 5.89 MJ/m3 and 81.45%, respectively. The results of tar distillation analysis under typical operating conditions indicated that the pyrolysis conversion of tar was promoted by increasing the reaction temperature of gasifier and maintaining a certain amount of water vapor in the gasifier. The experiment can provide reference for efficient and clean transformation and utilization of straw biomass. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Fluidized bed process

Controlled terms: Air preheaters  -  Biomass  -  Carbon  -  Distillation  -  Efficiency  -  Feeding  -  Fluidized beds  -  Gasification  -  Optimization  -  Steam   -  Steam generators  -  Tar

Uncontrolled terms: Back feeding  -  Circulating fluidized bed  -  Circulating fluidized bed gasifier  -  Corn stalk  -  Equivalence ratios  -  Gasification characteristics  -  Process parameter optimization  -  Typical operating conditions

Classification code: 614.2 Steam Power Plant Equipment and Operation  -  616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.15e+01%, Percentage 9.12e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Mass_Density 4.50e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.50e-03kg/m3, Mass_Flow_Rate 4.17e-02kg/s, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 7.30e+01%, Percentage 7.71e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Effects of attitude switching parameters on switching precision and time of flexible chassis of agricultural vehicles and its optimization

Accession number: 20192307005231

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yining (1); Guo, Kangquan (1, 2); Tran, Van Cuong (3); Qu, Jiwei (1); Gao, Hua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Agriculture Equipment, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) College of Electronic Engineering, Vietnam Russia Vocational Training College No 1, Phuc Yen City; 15910, Viet Nam

Corresponding author: Guo, Kangquan(jdgkq@nusuaf.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 51-61

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to study the attitude switching operation characteristics of the flexible chassis of agricultural vehicles, the attitude switching analysis of the flexible chassis and the attitude switching test based on the second-generation prototype running on the hard surface were carried out. The attitude switching state model was established, and the switching parameters were optimized by the analytic hierarchy process and genetic algorithm. The index weights were determined for the lateral running attitude and the situ rotation attitude, respectively. The first level indicator included the preparatory phase, the holding phase and the recovery phase in the attitude switching process. The secondary indicators included all test indicators such as preparatory precision, preparatory time, lateral precision, lateral time, rotation precision, rotation time, recovery precision and recovery time. The population size of genetic algorithm was 300 and the number of iterations was 200, the genetic operation was roulette selection method and single point intersection method, and the variation used the small probability variation. Through the study of the switching precision and switching time under different translation angle, motor speed, switching angle, translation speed and rotating speed were obtained, the influence of various factors and their interactions on the attitude switching of the flexible chassis and the matching relationship between different switching attitude parameters were obtained. The results showed that the primary and secondary factors affecting the preparatory and recovery precision were the translation anglemotor rotation speed. The translation speed of the lateral running attitude had a very significant influence on lateral precision and time. Under any translation angle, the optimal motor speed of the lateral running attitude was 5.4 r/min, and the optimal translation speed was 3.45 m/s. The primary and secondary factors affecting the rotating precision of the situ rotation attitude was switching angle>rotating speed. The primary and secondary factors affecting the rotating time of the situ rotation attitude was switching angle> rotating speed>interaction. Under any translation angle, the optimal motor speed in the situ rotation attitude was 5.4 r/min. When the switching angle βr∈(0, 85°), the optimal rotating speed was (0.003 3βr+0.506 8) rad/s. When the switching angle βr≥85°, the optimal rotating speed was 0.78 rad/s. The optimal switching verification test results showed that the overall trend of the theoretical and experimental value of comprehensive precision and time was consistent. For the comprehensive precision, the maximum deviation was 1.00% and the minimum deviation was 0.75%. For the situ rotation attitude, the maximum deviation was 1.70% and the minimum deviation was 0.97%. For the comprehensive time, for the lateral running attitude, the maximum deviation was 698 ms and the minimum deviation was 454 ms. For the situ rotation attitude, the maximum deviation was 361 ms and the minimum deviation was 191 ms. The optimization parameter comparison results showed that, in the lateral running attitude, the test results of the optimized parameter group was equal to the precision priority group and 4.16% higher than that of the time priority group in terms of comprehensive precision, the test results of the optimized parameter group was equal to that of the time priority group and 17 110 ms less than that of the precision priority group in terms of comprehensive time. In the situ rotation attitude, the test results of the optimized parameter group was equal to that of the precision priority group and 5.15% higher than that of the time priority group in terms of comprehensive precision, the test results of the optimized parameter group was 646 and 996 ms less than that of the time priority group and the precision priority group, respectively. The research shows that the optimized attitude switching parameter can ensure the flexible chassis complete attitude switching process with faster attitude switching efficiency with slight loss of attitude switching precision. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Switching

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Agriculture  -  Analytic hierarchy process  -  Chassis  -  Genetic algorithms  -  Parameter estimation  -  Population statistics  -  Recovery  -  Rotating machinery  -  Rotation   -  Secondary recovery  -  Speed  -  Testing  -  Vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural vehicles  -  Intersection method  -  Number of iterations  -  Optimization parameter  -  Parameter optimization  -  Switching efficiency  -  Switching operations  -  Switching parameters

Classification code: 511.1 Oil Field Production Operations  -  601.1 Mechanical Devices  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Time 6.46e-01s, Time 6.98e-01s, Time 9.96e-01s, Velocity 3.45e+00m/s, Angular_Velocity 7.80e-01rad/s, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.70e+00%, Percentage 4.16e+00%, Percentage 5.15e+00%, Percentage 7.50e-01%, Percentage 9.70e-01%, Rotational_Speed 5.40e+00RPM, Time 1.71e+01s, Time 1.91e-01s, Time 3.61e-01s, Time 4.54e-01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Effect of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose as soil modifier on solute migration in soil

Accession number: 20192307005241

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Junhu (1); Ren, Min (1)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 141-147

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) is a kind of soil modifier. Effect of HPMC addition on solute migration characteristics of soil was studied in this study. The test soil was silty loam. HPMC was added into soils based on different contents of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 g/kg. The column-shaped plexiglass soil column with a height of 50 cm and a diameter of 5 cm was prepared. The soil loading height was 20 cm and the bulk density was 1.31 g/cm3. Water was supplied in a Markov bottle. After the soil column was fully infiltrated, water was supplied continuously at the fixed water head of 4.5 cm. The effluent was collected to calculate the saturated water conductivity of the soil. Then, water supply stopped and the surface water of column was removed. The water was replaced with 0.2 mol/LCaCl2 solution for the solute migration experiment. Tubes (10 mL) were used to collect the fluid at the lower end of the soil column once every 10 mL. The concentration of chlorine ions was determined by potassium chromate-silver nitrate method until the concentration of Cl- in effluent almost equaled to that in markov bottle. At the end of the experiment, the saturated water conductivity, penetration curve characteristics and penetration time of soil under different HPMC additions were compared and analyzed. The main parameters of the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) and the two-region model (TRM) were fitted by the software CXTIFIT2.1. The migration characteristics of soil solute were further studied by analyzing the change of parameters. The results showed that: 1) When the HPMC content was within the range of 0-0.5 g/kg, and the saturated conductivity decreased with the increase of HPMC content. 2) Applying a certain amount of HPMC in the soil could significantly reduce the migration velocity of solute. With the increase of HPMC content, the relative concentration of solute decreased with the same pore volume. 3) Increasing HPMC addition content could delay the initial penetration time and complete penetration time, and thus the total penetration time. 4) Both the CDE and TRM models could well simulate the migration of solute in soils with different contents of HPMC. The fitting curves of both models could be in good agreement with the measured curves, but the simulation accuracy of the TRM model was higher. 5) Based on the parameter fitting results of the TRM, with the increase of HPMC, the mean pore water velocity was smaller, and the hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient, dispersion degree and mass exchange coefficient were increased. Since HPMC had good water holding capacity, the application of HPMC also increased the water content ratio of immovable water in soil. Therefore, HPMC has great potential in adjusting soil pore structure and slowing soil nutrient loss. This study provides new ideas and methods for improving soil and water nutrient loss. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Soils

Controlled terms: Bottles  -  Cellulose  -  Chromates  -  Curve fitting  -  Dispersions  -  Effluents  -  Hydraulic conductivity  -  Models  -  Nutrients  -  Pore structure   -  Potassium Nitrate  -  Silver compounds  -  Surface waters  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Break through curve  -  Convection-dispersion equations  -  Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose  -  Saturated hydraulic conductivity  -  Solute

Classification code: 444.1 Surface Water  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  452.3 Industrial Wastes  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  632.1 Hydraulics  -  694.2 Packaging Materials  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 1.31e+03kg/m3, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 4.50e-02m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-02m, Volume 1.00e-05m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Impacts of land consolidation on rural human-environment system in typical watershed of loess hilly and gully region

Accession number: 20192307005254

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yurui (1); Li, Yi (2); Fan, Pengcan (1, 3); Liu, Yansui (1, 3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (2) College of Geomatics, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an; 710054, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Yansui(liuys@igsnrr.ac.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 241-250

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Land fragmentation and low productivity are the prominent problems facing China’s agricultural development. Land consolidation has become an important policy tool aiming at solving these problems in China. In addition, the development of land consolidation projects will inevitably have a certain impact on the local rural regional system, especially the local ecological environment and social and economic development. Study on the impact of land consolidation on the evolution of rural human-environment system is of positive significance for optimizing land consolidation model and promoting rural revitalization. Taken a typical small watershed in Yan’an city as the case study area, in this paper, we explored the impact of gully land consolidation on local human-environment system from the perspectives of land use, landscape pattern, ecological security, social response and comprehensive evaluation, based on high-resolution image data, landscape pattern analysis and field investigation. The results showed that due to the gully land consolidation, the terraces, sloping fields, shrub land and grassland at the bottom and both sides of the gully were mostly converted to high quality check dam land. Some of the shrub land were converted to more ecologically suitable native forest due to biological measures. The check dam land and forest land increased by 159.06 hm2 and 69.75 hm2, respectively. While the shrub land, grassland and sloping land decreased by 112.37, 63.26 and 59.06 hm2, respectively. In addition, the average patch area and patch cohesion index of the check dam land increased, and the function of production also improved. The landscape shape index and patch cohesion index of forestland and shrub land kept at a high level, and thus their ecological function was stable. At the watershed level, the fragmentation degree of landscape decreased, the landscape tended to be more diversified and balanced, and the anti-jamming capability of landscape and stability of ecosystem improved. Moreover, in terms of the ecological security effects, vegetation cover, ecological environment and capacity of flood control improved significantly, and soil erosion decreased significantly. However, there were still some ecological risks. And finally, human activities responded more or less to the changes of geographical environment of watershed. The scale of agricultural production, agricultural mechanization, diversity and non- agriculturalization of employment increased; but there were still some problems that needed to be addressed, such as very unitary of the structure of agriculture, the low efficiency of agriculture production. This paper suggested that more efforts should be made to innovate the rural governance mechanism of “mutual deliberation and collective action”, thereby exerting the comprehensive effectiveness of gully land consolidation and promoting the transformation development and revitalization of the watershed. At the same time, this study also suggested strengthening the investigation, monitoring and evaluation of the effects of gully land consolidation on local environment so as to ensure that it produced more positive ecological effects. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Rural areas

Controlled terms: Biology  -  Ecology  -  Economics  -  Flood control  -  Forestry  -  Function evaluation  -  Land use  -  Landforms  -  Machinery  -  Problem solving   -  Sediments  -  Soil conservation  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural mechanization  -  Geographical environment  -  Human-environment systems  -  Land consolidations  -  Landscape pattern analysis  -  Loess hill and gully region  -  Monitoring and evaluations  -  Social and economic development

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  442.1 Flood Control  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  461.9 Biology  -  481.1 Geology  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Effect of mechanical compression of garlic clove on emergence and growth of Allium sativum L.

Accession number: 20192307005228

Title of translation:

Authors: Song, Yuqiu (1); Jiao, Jinkang (1); Wu, Liyan (1); Chi, Bowen (1); Chen, Tianyou (1); Zhang, Baofeng (1); Lu, Chunze (1); Xin, Mingjin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China

Corresponding author: Xin, Mingjin(xinmj2005@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 26-32

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Experiment was carried out to explore the effect of compression treatment to garlic (Allium sativum L.) cloves on emergence and growth of garlic. White garlic cloves of Northeastern China were compressed at transverse and longitudinal direction to the degrees of 5%-45% and planted, the untreated garlic cloves were used as controls. The effects of different degrees of compression on emergence time, emergence rate, plant stalk diameter and plant height for cloves were investigated, and the regression models of plant stalk diameter with the degrees of compression for cloves were obtained. Correlation analysis between garlic plant height with degrees of compression was carried out. The results showed that, compared with the control, for cloves compressed at transverse direction, the compression levels of 10%-45% had significant effect on emergence time, emergence rate, plant stalk diameter and plant height (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 21

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Correlation methods  -  Deformation  -  Longitudinal control  -  Models  -  Regression analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Correlation analysis  -  Emergence time  -  Garlic cloves  -  Longitudinal direction  -  Mechanical compression  -  Plant stalk diameter  -  Regression equation  -  Regression model

Classification code: 731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01% to 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.50e+01%, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 4.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 4.50e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.004

Funding text: Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry ([2013]693); Science and Technology Department of Shenyang City (17-231-1-72).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Design of fuzzy control system for orchard frost protection wind machine and experiments of frost protection effect

Accession number: 20192307005233

Title of translation:

Authors: Ding, Hao (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1, 2); Fan, Guoqiang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai’an; 271018, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xiaohui(zhangxh@sdau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 73-80

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to prevent the frost damage of fruit trees and improve the management method in orchard, an orchard frost protection wind machine and control method based on fuzzy control was designed in this paper. The control system contained micro controller STM32, temperature and wind speed sensors, touch screen, inverter and power supply device. Temperature and wind speed sensors collect the environmental information and transmit data through wireless radio frequency network. The touch screen displays the environmental status information, users can set temperature values to control the wind machine automatically. An axial fan was installed on the rotation device as the air supply system, the diameter of the fan is 900 mm, and the motor power is 4 kW. The fan is located at the height of 9.5 m with tilt angle 20°. The effective distance of frost protection wind machine is 5-48 m, and the rotation device drives the fan to sweep with angle of 360°, the maximum protection area of the wind machine is about 7 150 m2. An intelligent frost protection strategy based on fuzzy control with dual input and single output was designed. The 2 input variables are inversion temperature difference and temperature difference rate respectively, the output variable is rotation speed changes rate of wind machine. Due to the limitition of weather conditions and test site, the suitable test days are few, and the occurrence time of frost with inversion temperature is short. Frost protection effect tests were conducted in a Fuji apple orchard. The total area of the orchard is 6 000 m2, and the apple trees are planted with row spacing 4 m and plant spacing 2 m. The frost protection effect of the fuzzy control and the basic control was tested on frost nights in March and April, 2018. The test results showed that the rotation speed and the distance from the wind machine have interaction effects. Under fuzzy control mode, the average wind speed and temperature drop range were less than that of the basic control mode, and the maximum differences were about 0.5 m/s and 0.2 respectively. With the increase of the distance from the frost protection wind machine, the temperature drop range increased. The average temperature rise in the working area was 3.1 under fuzzy control mode, which was higher than that of basic control mode of 2.8. The temperature distribution under fuzzy control was more uniform, and the operation time was saved by 21.1% compared with the basic control. Under the 2 control modes, the frost damage rate of apple tree buds was 5.6% and 11.6% respectively, the frost damage was reduced by 6% under fuzzy control, the frost protection effect under fuzzy control had a better performance. This study provides a reference for intelligent control of frost protection wind machine, but the performance of the wind machine still needs to be optimized. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Frost protection

Controlled terms: Control systems  -  Digital storage  -  Drops  -  Experiments  -  Fans  -  Forestry  -  Fruits  -  Fuzzy control  -  Orchards  -  Rotation   -  Speed  -  Temperature  -  Temperature control  -  Touch screens  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Apple orchards  -  Environmental information  -  Inversion temperature  -  Power supply devices  -  Protection strategy  -  Temperature differences  -  Touch screen displays  -  Wireless radio-frequency

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  618.3 Blowers and Fans  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Area 6.00e+03m2, Area 7.15e+03m2, Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Power 4.00e+03W, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 4.00e+00m, Size 5.00e+00m to 4.80e+01m, Size 9.00e-01m, Size 9.50e+00m, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.009

Funding text: 2014 Shandong Agricultural Major Application Technology Innovation Project.

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Spraying exogenous potassium, calcium and silicon solutions improve photosynthetic performance of flag leaf and increase the yield of rice under heat stress condition

Accession number: 20192307005239

Title of translation:

Authors: Jiang, Xiaodong (1); Hua, Mengfei (1); Yang, Shenbin (1); Yang, Xiaoya (1); Guo, Jianmao (1); Jiang, Linlin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing; 210044, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 126-133

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Heat stress is a common agrometeorological disaster during rice production in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River of China, and rice yield decreases due to the heat stress. Exogenous chemical solutions have been sprayed on rice leaves to improve the heat tolerance of rice and reduce the damage during the heat stress. This paper was aimed to evaluate the effects of 3 different exogenous chemical solutions on photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of flag leaves and rice yield under the heat stress condition. Pot experiments were conducted at Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (32.2°N, 118.7°E), in China in the year of 2016 and 2017. Early indica hybrid rice variety named Lingliangyou 268 (Oryza.sativa L.) was used in the experiments. High temperature treatments were conducted at late jointing stage (20th June, 2016) and late booting stage (5th July, 2017), respectively. Before the high temperature treatment, 3 different chemical solutions, including KH2PO4 (T1) solution with concentration of 22.04 mmol/L, CaCl2 solution (T2) of 20.0 mmol/L and Na2SiO3•9H2O solution (T3) of 2.5 mmol/L, were sprayed separately and evenly on all leaves for 3 days. For comparison, distilled water was sprayed as the control treatment (CK). After that, all treatments were put in climate chambers for 5 days to simulate a severe heat-stressed environment during the rice key stages, in which (40±0.5) °C from 6:00-18:00 was set as daytime temperature and (30±0.5) °C from 18:00 to 6:00 next day was set as nighttime temperature with an average of 35 in each day. In 2017, the photosynthetic light response curve and chlorophyll fluorescence of flag leaves of different treatments were measured at the 5th day of the heat-stress treatment and the 5th day after heat-stress respectively. The parameters related to the photosynthetic light response characteristics, such as the light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP), apparent quantum yield (AQY), dark respiration rate (Rd) and maximum net photosynthesis rate (Pmax) were calculated on the basis of observed data. And the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, such as the maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv’/Fm’) of photosystem II (PSII) under light adaptation, actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPS) of PSII, photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were also calculated. The final yields were observed too. The results showed that, compared with CK, all 3 chemical solutions were able to increase the photosynthetic activity, particularly to raise the LSP, Pmax, Fv’/Fm’, ΦPS, and qP of flag leaves, and the NPQ was reduced. Furthermore, based on the evaluation by the subordinate function, it indicated that all 3 chemical solutions demonstrated positive effects on the resistance of rice leaves to heat stresswith the effect order of T1>T2>T3. In the terms of yield, when compared with CK, the yields of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 42.67%, 29.70% and 20.01%, respectively. It was demonstrated that spraying KH2PO4, CaCl2 and Na2SiO3•9H2O chemical solutions were beneficial to promote photosynthetic activity of rice flag leaves and significantly increased the rice yield. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Yield stress

Controlled terms: After-heat treatment  -  Calcium  -  Chemicals  -  Chlorine compounds  -  Chlorophyll  -  Crops  -  Efficiency  -  Experiments  -  Fluorescence  -  Forestry   -  Heat resistance  -  Photosynthesis  -  Plants (botany)  -  Potassium  -  Quenching  -  Silicon  -  Silicon compounds  -  Sodium compounds  -  Thermal stress

Uncontrolled terms: Chemical solutions  -  Chlorophyll fluorescence  -  Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters  -  Heat stress  -  Middle and lower reaches of yangtze rivers  -  Non-photochemical quenching  -  Photosynthetic light response curves  -  Rice

Classification code: 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes  -  549 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 8.22e-03yr, Molar_Concentration 2.00e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.20e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.50e+00mol/m3, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 4.27e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Estimating growth related traits of winter wheat at seedling stages based on RGB images and convolutional neural network

Accession number: 20192307005246

Title of translation:

Authors: Ma, Juncheng (1); Liu, Hongjie (2); Zheng, Feixiang (1); Du, Keming (1); Zhang, Lingxian (3); Hu, Xin (2); Sun, Zhongfu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Wheat Research Laboratory, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu; 476000, China; (3) College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Du, Keming(dukeming@caas.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 183-189

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Leaf area index (LAI) and above ground biomass (AGB) are two critical traits indicating the growth of winter wheat. Currently, non-destructive methods for measuring LAI and AGB heavily are subjected to limitations that the methods are susceptible to the environmental noises and greatly depend on the manual designed features. In this study, an easy-to-use growth-related traits estimation method for winter wheat at early growth stages was proposed by using digital images captured under field conditions and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). RGB images of winter wheat canopy in 12 plots were captured at the field station of Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Henan, China. The canopy images were captured by a low-cost camera at the early growth stages. Using canopy images at early growth stages as input, a CNN structure suitable for the estimation of growth related traits was explored, which was then trained to learn the relationship between the canopy images and the corresponding growth-related traits. Based on the trained CNN, the estimation of LAI and AGB of winter wheat at early growth stages was achieved. In order to compare the results of the CNN, conventionally adopted methods for estimating LAI and AGB in conjunction with a collection of color and texture feature extraction techniques were used. The conventional methods included a linear regression model using canopy cover as the predictor variable (LR-CC), Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine Regression (SVR). The canopy images of winter wheat were captured at early growth stages, resulting in the existence of pixels representing non-vegetation elements in these images, such as soil. Therefore, it was necessary to perform image segmentation of vegetation for the compared methods prior to feature extraction. The segmentation was achieved by Canopeo. The linear regression was used to compare the accuracy of the methods. Normalized Root-Mean-Squared error (NRMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) were used as the criterion for model evaluation. Results showed the CNN demonstrated superior results to the compared methods in the two metrics. Strong correlations could be observed between the actual measurements of traits to those estimated by the CNN. The estimation results of LAI had R2 equaled to 0.825 6 and NRMSE equaled to 23.33%, and the results of AGB had R2 equaled to 0.791 7 and NRMSE equals to 24.37%. Compare to the comparative methods, the CNN was a more direct method for AGB and LAI estimation. The image segmentation of vegetation was not necessary because the CNN was able to use the important features to estimate AGB and LAI and ignore the non-important features, which not only reduced the computation cost but also increased the efficiency of the estimation. In contrast, the performances of the compared estimating methods greatly depended on the results of image segmentation. Accurate segmentation results guaranteed accurate data sources to feature extraction. However, canopy images captured under real field conditions were suffering from uneven illumination and complicated background, which was a big challenge to achieve robust image segmentation of vegetation. It was revealed that robust estimation of AGB and LAI of winter wheat at early growth stages could be achieved by CNN, which can provide support to growth monitoring and field management of winter wheat. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Image segmentation

Controlled terms: Convolution  -  Cost benefit analysis  -  Crops  -  Decision trees  -  Ecology  -  Extraction  -  Feature extraction  -  Forestry  -  Growth (materials)  -  Mean square error   -  Neural networks  -  Nondestructive examination  -  Parameter estimation  -  Regression analysis  -  Research laboratories  -  Textures  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Above ground biomass  -  Coefficient of determination  -  Color and texture features  -  Convolutional neural network  -  Leaf Area Index  -  Robust image segmentation  -  Support vector machine regression (SVR)  -  Winter wheat

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  951 Materials Science  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.33e+01%, Percentage 2.44e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Variations and correlations of shearing force and feed nutritional characteristics of millet straw

Accession number: 20192307005230

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Yanqing (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Xin, Lin (2); Li, Hongbo (1); Lai, Sitong (1); Liu, Junli (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China

Corresponding author: Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 41-50

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to find the variations and correlations of shearing force and feed nutritional characteristics of millet straw, temporal dynamics of shearing force, compressive strength, morphological index, and nutritional content of millet straw were investigated after grain fully matured in this study. Results showed that the unit diameter shearing force, compressive strength, cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and lignin content increased in different straw parts with advancing maturity time. However, the linear density, moisture content and crude protein content decreased. There was negative relationship between unit diameter shearing force and moisture content, and between unit diameter shearing force and linear density (R2≥0.903). In the meanwhile, the unit diameter shearing force was positively related with cellulose content, hemicellulose content, and lignin content (R2≥0.845), but there was no relationship between unit diameter shearing force and crude protein content (P>0.05). The shearing force increased from upper part to proximal root part of plant in different sampling times (P2≥0.916). This research showed that the relative errors between verification test value and predicted value were not more than 6.48% of forage characteristics of millet straw, so that the regression models were feasible. Further, measuring shearing force is an efficient method to evaluate morphological index and nutritional content, providing the potential for enhancement of voluntary feed intake of millet straw. It was presented that the unit diameter shearing force of the part above the middle section was significantly less than that of the proximal root part of millet straw (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Shearing

Controlled terms: Cellulose  -  Compressive strength  -  Lignin  -  Mechanical properties  -  Models  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Nutrition  -  Proteins  -  Regression analysis   -  Straw

Uncontrolled terms: Cellulose content  -  Change patterns  -  Correlations  -  Cross sectional area  -  Equivalent diameter  -  Nutritional characteristics  -  Temporal dynamics  -  Verification tests

Classification code: 461.7 Health Care  -  604.1 Metal Cutting  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 6.48e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.006

Funding text: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0701801).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Manufacturing defect location of cleaning screen of grain combine harvester based on vibration excitation tracing

Accession number: 20192307005226

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yaoming (1); Pang, Jing (1, 2); Xu, Lizhang (1); Tang, Zhong (1); Zhou, Yuepeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 10-17

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to improve the processing quality and reliability of the cleaning screen of grain combine harvester, it is necessary to eliminate the manufacturing defects in the design and pilot stage, which causing the additional load,, and to locate and eliminate the processing defects by measuring in the production stage. In this paper, a method can locate and calculate the exciting forces act on the connection points of cleaning screen and thresher body by classical transfer path analysis (TPA) were developed. By measuring and comparing the vibrations of the connection points, it is found that the vibration frequency components were the same and were strongly correlated, so it is impossible to find the main excitation source by analyzing the frequency to locate the manufacturing defects. According to the relationship between exciting force and defect, it is pointed out that there should be major manufacturing defects near the maximum excitation force. The vibration of connection points and a certain observation point of the test bench were measured by using triaxial accelerometers and dynamic signal analyzer, and the characteristics of time domain and time-frequency domain were analyzed. The results showed that although there was no change in the frequency components in the spectrum, the amplitude changed greatly, and the phase changed greatly at different times of each frequencies. The transfer functions of the connection points to each measurement points were detected by using a modal force hammer and vibration measuring devices. Since the phase was unstable, according to the principle that the product of each excitation force and the transfer function (ie, the contribution of the excitation force to the vibration) had the largest vibration response in the same direction, the maximum acceleration amplitude was introduced into the inverse matrix method formula, and the influence of the phase was ignored, and the problem that the ill-conditioned matrix of the transfer function matrix could not be inverted was solved by increasing the measurement point, the generalized inverse matrix of transfer function was calculated by singular value decomposition. The calculated excitation force was optimized by least squares method, and finally the practical incentive calculation formula was derived. In order to verify the validity of the method, the magnitude of the excitation force during normal operation and the contribution to the vibration in Ydirection of the observation point were calculated. The results showed that the sum of contributions was only slightly smaller than the measured acceleration, which was about 84.7%-94.6% of the measured value, the excitation force calculated by this method was basically correct. The keyway clearance was used as a typical defect for the location verification test. It was found that the amplitude of each frequency in the excitation force spectrum near the defect increased significantly (71%-3 271%), while the amplitude of the slot excitation force away from the defect was only slightly added, the effectiveness of the positioning method was verified. The defect localization method proposed in this paper only adds one accelerometer and one measuring instrument to the original cleaning screening assembly quality inspection platform, the vibration excitation force at the connection points between the cleaning screen and the rack mounting could also be roughly calculated by measuring 4-8 acceleration responses. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Vibration analysis

Controlled terms: Accelerometers  -  Agricultural machinery  -  Cleaning  -  Combines  -  Defects  -  Frequency domain analysis  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Harvesters  -  Inverse problems  -  Least squares approximations   -  Location  -  Models  -  Regression analysis  -  Singular value decomposition  -  Time domain analysis  -  Transfer functions  -  Transfer matrix method

Uncontrolled terms: Defect location  -  Dynamic signal analyzers  -  Force estimation  -  Generalized inverse matrix  -  Ill-conditioned matrices  -  Transfer function matrix  -  Transmission paths  -  Vibration

Classification code: 802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  943.1 Mechanical Instruments  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.10e+01% to 3.27e+03%, Percentage 8.47e+01% to 9.46e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Influence of dust accumulation and light intensity on output power of photovoltaic modules

Accession number: 20192307005249

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Yalin (1, 2); Zhu, Delan (1, 2); Li, Dan (1, 2); Ge, Maosheng (1, 2); Chen, Nannan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Zhu, Delan(dlzhu@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 203-211

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Due to the exposed soil in the farmland and the absence of the building occlusion, the dust accumulation on the surface area is especially serious when the photovoltaic equipment is used for field operations. Dust blocks the photovoltaic panels and reduces the light transmittance, thus reducing the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic system. For photovoltaic agricultural equipment, dust on photovoltaic panels will severely reduce the reliability of power supply. To solve this problem, the indoor test method of artificial dust was used in this paper, and the maximum power tracking device of solar energy was used to test the influence of dust particle size, dust density and light intensity on the photovoltaic power generation. The dust particle size was divided into 4 groups, the dust density range was 0~50 g/m2, and the light intensity was set to 3 levels. The effect of dust particle size, dust density and light intensity on the photovoltaic power generation was tested. A predictive model of output power reduction rate under significant influencing factors was established, and the model was verified under outdoor natural lighting conditions. The results showed that: 1) The dust accumulation had significant inhibitory effect on the power output of the photovoltaic modules, when the dust particle size was constant, the output power reduction rate of the photovoltaic modules increased with the increase of the dust density, but the growth rate gradually became slower. The shielding area of the dust on the photovoltaic modules was inversely proportional to the particle size of the dust. The larger the particle size, the smaller the shielding area of the photovoltaic modules, and the smaller the output power reduction rate. When the dust density was 10 g/m2, the output power reduction rates of the 0-38, 38-75, 75-110 and 110-150 μm particle size groups were 15.96%, 12.51%, 8.16%, and 5.39%, respectively. In addition, when the amount of dust was same, the output power reduction rate of the photovoltaic modules increased with the increase of the illumination intensity, but the growth was not obvious. 2) The variance analysis of the dust particle size and dust density, light intensity and dust density showed that the dust particle size, dust density and the interaction between the 2 had significant impact on the output power reduction rate of photovoltaic modules. However, the light intensity had less influence on the output power reduction rate. 3) Through theoretical analysis, the concept and calculation formula of equivalent particle size based on the same occlusion effect were proposed. On this basis, the polynomial fitting in MATLAB was used to establish the output power reduction rate, dust density and equivalent particle size prediction model of photovoltaic modules (R2=0.986). The solar water and fertilizer integrated device was used for outdoor verification test, and the environmental conditions were similar and no wind was used for 4 days. The absolute value of the error between the calculated and measured values of the model was less than 1.5%, indicating that the model can be directly applied to outdoor nature and has good practical application value. When the photovoltaic agricultural equipment is operated in different regions, the local output power reduction rate and the dust density change model can be determined according to the model, which provides a design basis for the optimal configuration of the photovoltaic power supply system. The study is mainly carried out from the perspective of dust particle size and dust deposition density. The next step is to further develop the impact of dust particle size distribution, types and chemical composition on the output power of photovoltaic modules, and further improve the prediction model of the impact of dust deposition on photovoltaic power generation. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Dust

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Deposition  -  Electric power supplies to apparatus  -  Electric power systems  -  Particle size  -  Particle size analysis  -  Photovoltaic cells  -  Photovoltaic effects  -  Shielding  -  Solar energy   -  Solar power generation

Uncontrolled terms: Dust density  -  Dust particle  -  Generation  -  Light intensity  -  Output power  -  Photovoltaic

Classification code: 451.1 Air Pollution Sources  -  615.2 Solar Power  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  706.1 Electric Power Systems  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.10e-02yr, Percentage 1.25e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 5.39e+00%, Percentage 8.16e+00%, Size 1.10e-04m to 1.50e-04m, Surface_Density 0.00e+00kg/m2 to 5.00e-02kg/m2, Surface_Density 1.00e-02kg/m2

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Design of sampling device for rice grain impurity sensor in grain-bin of combine harvester

Accession number: 20192307005227

Title of translation:

Authors: Chen, Jin (1); Lian, Yi (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Wang, Yuehong (1); Liu, Xinyi (1); Gu, Yan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Lian, Yi(714886986@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 18-25

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The optimized operational parameters of a combine harvester are often set once at the beginning of the operation which makes it very inconvenient to observe the grain purity and adjust these parameters frequently during the harvesting process. It is imperative to develop an instrument which can obtain grain impurity data for optimizing operational parameters during the harvesting process automatically. Based the purpose above, a grain impurity (GI) sensor was designed. The sensor consisted of electromagnet for the extension control of choke panel, spring for the reset of choke panel, visual glass window, choke panel, light resource and camera which is used for image capture of grains gathered by choke panel. Then the captured image was processed for calculating the grain impurity. The installation position and illumination type of LED light source was optimized to obtain high-quality images according to the image histogram. The pulling force applied to the choke panel by the electromagnet, the thrust force applied to the choke panel by the spring and the entrance size of sampling box were analyzed. The results showed that illuminating the visual window indirectly with two LEDs installed on both sides of the sampling box was a better way, with the peak in the image intensity histogram avoided effectively. The electromagnet with a rated pull force of 60 N could provide enough pulling force and the spring with diameter of 1 mm could provide enough thrust force. Due to the fact that the short stalks and straw during harvesting ranged from 10 to 30 mm in length, the sampling box with height of 95.7 mm and width of 76.5 mm was designed. And the inlet width was 31.9 mm and the visual window’ length and width wan 57.1 and 57.4 mm respectively. Therefore, the grain, stalk and straw could flow into the sampling box smoothly and about 200 grain kernels could be seen in the visual window. The monitoring accuracy of the sensor was verified with different impurity contents in. bench test and the results showed that the device was capable of monitoring the grain impurity content in the range of 0-2.88%, whose change trend was consistent with the artificial grain impurity content. A dust-proof cover was designed to provide a stable working environment for the camera in the field. And the field experiments were conducted with YAMMA 4LZ2.5 combine harvester in Jiuli Lake in city of Suzhou, on Nov.17, 2017. The results showed that the relative errors of grain impurity in field test were between 9.44% and 19.67%. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Cameras  -  Combines  -  Computer vision  -  Electromagnets  -  Graphic methods  -  Harvesters  -  Harvesting  -  Light control glass  -  Light emitting diodes  -  Monitoring   -  Sensors

Uncontrolled terms: Grain impurities  -  High quality images  -  Installation position  -  Monitoring accuracy  -  Operational parameters  -  Sampling devices  -  Structure design  -  Working environment

Classification code: 704.1 Electric Components  -  714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Force 6.00e+01N, Percentage 0.00e+00% to 2.88e+00%, Percentage 9.44e+00% to 1.97e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m to 3.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 3.19e-02m, Size 5.71e-02m, Size 5.74e-02m, Size 7.65e-02m, Size 9.57e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.003

Funding text: The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0702001), the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2017358), the Graduate Innovative Projects of Jiangsu Province 2016 (KYLX16_0879), and Zhenjiang Key Research and Development Program (NY2016016).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Design and experiment of bilateral operation intra-row auto obstacle avoidance weeder for trellis cultivated grape

Accession number: 20192307005225

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Changchang (1); Xu, Liming (1); Wang, Qingjie (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Ma, Shuai (1); Niu, Cong (1); Yuan, Xunteng (1); Zeng, Jian (1); Wang, Shuoshuo (1); Chen, Chen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-9

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Considering the problems of low efficiency and large area without weeding around the vine after operation, a bilateral operation intra-row auto obstacle avoidance weeder for trellis cultivated grape was designed. The weeder consisted of frame, hydraulic system, transmission system, land wheel and weeding device. Frame was installation carrier for all of machine components. Hydraulic system was used to provide power for weeder, driving two hydraulic motors and four hydraulic cylinders. Transmission system was the medium which transmitted power from tractor to hydraulic system. Land wheel made it possible to adjust the weeding depth. Weeding device was the key component for the weeder, and it was composed of row width adjustment mechanism, signal acquisition mechanism, auto obstacle avoidance mechanism and weeding cutter head. The extending distance of row width adjustment mechanism could be adjusted from 0 to 400 mm to adapt different row spacings in different fileds. The specific location of the grape vine could be identified correctly with signal acquisition mechanism. And the obstacle avoidance mechanism could avoid weeding cutter head from contacting the grape vine, which probably caused injuries. The weed was destroyed under high-speed rotation of weeding cutter head driven by hydraulic motor. The parameters of these key components of weeding monomer were determined by theoretical analysis and experiment. In order to research the effects of structural and operation parameters of automatic obstacle avoidance weeder, a brief virtual prototype model was built in ADAMS software, and key components were parameterized simultaneously. To simplify calculation, using link mechanism to replace the complex machine and constraints were set between different links. Kinematics simulations was carried out using virtual prototype model, and the simulation results of operating trajectory of weeding cutter head agreed with theoretical analysis. Then single factor simulation experiments were carried out in ADAMS with the coverage rate of weeding selected as the evaluation index. The simulation results confirmed that speed of obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder, operating speed of the weeder and angle threshold (defined as the rotation angle of feeler lever when control system triggered the automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism) were the main influence factors. Operating speed and angle threshold had positive impact on it, while speed of obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder had negative impact on it. In addition, quadratic regression general combination experiments were conducted by taking speed of obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder, operating speed and angle threshold as the experiment factors and coverage rate of weeding as the evaluation index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to find the statistically significant parameters in field experiments and quadratic regression model was set up by response surface methodology with Design-Expert 8.0.6. It was showed that speed of obstacle avoidance hydraulic cylinder, operating speed and angle threshold were extremely significantly (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Cylinders (shapes)  -  Design  -  Electric power transmission  -  Experiments  -  Hydraulic machinery  -  Hydraulic motors  -  Machine design  -  Mechanical actuators  -  Regression analysis   -  Shafts (machine components)  -  Signal processing  -  Speed  -  Virtual prototyping  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: ADAMS  -  Effective parameters  -  Intra-row  -  Kinematics simulation  -  Response surface methodology  -  Trellis cultivated grape  -  Virtual prototype models  -  Weeder

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  922 Statistical Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.02e+01%, Velocity 1.60e-01m/s, Velocity 3.80e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Development and test of real-time monitoring system for soil wind erosion based on GPRS network

Accession number: 20192307005244

Title of translation: GPRS

Authors: Liu, Haiyang (1); Chen, Zhi (1); Hou, Zhanfeng (1); Tong, Xin (1); Zong, Zheying (1); Xuan, Chuanzhong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China

Corresponding author: Hou, Zhanfeng(nmndhzf@imau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 163-172

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of field observation and wind tunnel test, it needs to be improved for the continuity, scientificity and reliability of observation data to meet the demand of wind erosion monitoring in the field. In this paper, the wireless sensor network technology, sensor technology, electronic technology and network communication technology were used together to develop the wind speed profiler and the multi-channel sand sampler that had functions of wireless ad-hoc networks and automatic data acquisition and processing. Meanwhile, LabVIEW was used to design the client data processing software which could monitor six wind speed profile points and six wind sand flow structure points simultaneously. On this basis, a soil wind-erosion monitoring system using C/S framework was established, which realized the functions of automatic collecting, real-time processing and remote monitoring of the environment temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed profile and wind-sand distribution by means of GPRS wireless module and remote server. The test results showed that the time from power up to output stability would not exceed 8 s, and the wind speed response time was 2 to 3 s. The output voltage and wind speed satisfied polynomial fitting and monotonically increase. The measurement range was 0~17 m/s, and its measurement accuracy decreased with the increase of wind speed. The accuracy could reach 0.1 m/s at 6 m/s and 0.3 m/s at 17 m/s. The wind speed profiler realized the automatic acquisition, processing and wireless transmission of the environment temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and wind speeds at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 48 and 64 cm heights. Besides, the speed-reduction efficiency and the wind-sand separation efficiency of the wind-sand separator were above 96% and 99.8%, respectively, and the average equidynamic performance was not less than 92%. The weighing system was in the range of 0 to 170 g with accuracy of 0.01 g. The short-term static error and long-term cumulative error were no more than ±0.02 g and ±0.04 g, respectively. The average sand collecting efficiency of the sand collector was 91.98%. The setup time of wireless communication was not more than 5 s, and the central node could achieve 1 time nodes traversal and data aggregation within 3 s. The effective transmission distance was more than 140 m. The maximum working time of the wind speed profiler node and the sand sampler node was not less than 6 h and 22 h, respectively. Under field tests, the stability and reliability of the system can be verified, data packet loss rate of the ad-hoc network and error packet number were also zero. The measured wind profiles and wind-sand distribution curves were in accordance with the exponential distribution law. The deviation of environmental temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure were less than 2, 4% and 10 hPa, respectively. Therefore, the results could provide an effective research platform and important data support to meet the needs of large scale and cross-regional field synchronous study of soil wind erosion. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Monitoring

Controlled terms: Ad hoc networks  -  Atmospheric humidity  -  Atmospheric pressure  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Collector efficiency  -  Computer programming languages  -  Data acquisition  -  Data handling  -  Efficiency  -  Erosion   -  Errors  -  Packet networks  -  Sand  -  Sensor nodes  -  Soils  -  Speed  -  Wind  -  Wind tunnels  -  Wireless sensor networks

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic data acquisition  -  Environmental Monitoring  -  Environmental temperature  -  Exponential distributions  -  Real time monitoring system  -  Soil wind erosion  -  Stability and reliabilities  -  Wind speed

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  651.2 Wind Tunnels  -  702.3 Solar Cells  -  722 Computer Systems and Equipment  -  722.3 Data Communication, Equipment and Techniques  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Mass 0.00e+00kg to 1.70e-01kg, Mass 1.00e-05kg, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Percentage 9.98e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+03Pa, Size 1.40e+02m, Size 4.80e-01m, Size 6.40e-01m, Time 2.00e+00s to 3.00e+00s, Time 2.16e+04s, Time 3.00e+00s, Time 5.00e+00s, Time 7.92e+04s, Time 8.00e+00s, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 1.70e+01m/s, Velocity 1.00e-01m/s, Velocity 1.70e+01m/s, Velocity 3.00e-01m/s, Velocity 6.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Processing optimization of pine rod gasification catalyzed by bentonite/limonite modified dolomite

Accession number: 20192307005253

Title of translation:

Authors: Niu, Yonghong (1, 2); Wang, Zhongsheng (1); Liu, Kunkun (1); Cai, Yaoyao (1); Li, Yike (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China; (2) Mining Research Institute, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou; 014010, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 234-240

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to improve the catalytic activity, anti-carbon deposition and regeneration performance of dolomite catalyst which was easy to accumulate carbon and deactivate during biomass catalytic gasification, a fixed-bed suction gasifier test system was adopted in this study. Firstly, rod-shape particles were prepared from pine chips wastes using Fe-Dol-Ben (bentonite/limonite modified dolomite) as catalyst and fixed-bed downdraft gasifier as main body. An experimental system for biomass steam gasification was established. Then the high temperature steam catalytic gasification test was carried out with the above two raw materials. Finally, the effects of several factors on the catalytic gasification performance of pine wood and carbon deposition on the catalyst surface were studied. The factors affecting the catalytic gasification performance and carbon deposition on the catalyst surface were gasification temperature (temperature range is 700-1000), iron content (mass percentage range is 5%-20%) and the number of catalyst used (catalyst used number is 1-4). The results showed that the mass percentage of iron in FeDol-Ben catalyst was 15%, the gasification temperature was 900, and the volume fraction of hydrogen in gasification gas reaches the maximum of 58.38% under the condition that the mass ratio of steam to pine wood was 1. The results also showed that with the increasing of gasification temperature, the carbon deposition in FeDol-Ben catalyst decreased gradually, reaching the minimum value at 1 000, 80% lower than that at 700. In addition, the volume fraction of hydrogen in gasified gas increased first and then decreased with the increasing of iron content. At the same time, the carbon content decreased first and then increased, and the catalytic effect was better when the iron mass content was 15%. Under the same conditions as bentonite and pre-modified dolomite, the carbon deposition of Fe-Dol-Ben catalyst decreased by 80.6% and 53.6%, respectively. The experiment of catalyst regeneration and reuse showed that the crystal phase of the catalyst was basically the same as that of the pre-catalyst after the Fe-Dol-Ben catalyst regeneration at 700. The volume fraction of hydrogen in gasification gas decreased with the increasing of the number of times of regeneration, and the carbon deposition of the catalyst increased gradually. The results also showed that the volume fraction of hydrogen was still close to 50% after four times of catalytic gasification, which maintained the catalytic effect. In summary, considering the gasification effect, carbon deposition and economic factors, the optimization conditions were iron content of 15% and gasification temperature of 900. The study can provide reference for the development of bentonite/limonite modified dolomite catalyst and biomass high temperature steam catalytic gasification technology. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Catalyst activity

Controlled terms: Bentonite  -  Biomass  -  Carbon  -  Catalyst regeneration  -  Catalysts  -  Deposition  -  Gasification  -  Hydrogen  -  Iron  -  Steam   -  Volume fraction

Uncontrolled terms: Carbon deposition  -  Catalytic gasification  -  Gasification temperatures  -  Modified dolomite  -  Optimization conditions  -  Pine rod  -  Processing optimizations  -  Regeneration performance

Classification code: 482.2 Minerals  -  545.1 Iron  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 5.84e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.06e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Technology of 2-DOF collision testing for rape pod shatter resistance

Accession number: 20192307005229

Title of translation:

Authors: Qing, Yiren (1); Li, Yaoming (1); Ma, Zheng (1); Xu, Lizhang (1); Yang, Yi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Li, Yaoming(yml@ujs.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 33-40

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The rape pod shatter resistance is the main factor affecting for mechanical harvesting loss. In order to choose more suitable varieties with strong pod shatter resistance for mechanized harvesting, the study proposed a testing technology with 2 degree of freedom(2-DOF) collision tester, it was simple and easy to move, so we could evaluating the pod shatter resistance real-time in field, and it also had the advantages of test results with good repeatability and high discrimination. To study the method of 2-DOF in detail, the tester structure principle and the parameters designed were analyzed, and the motion characteristics of the 2-DOF collision tester was calculated by Matlab. Then the different motion characteristics of steel ball under 2-DOF compound motion and shaking table reciprocating motion were simulated by EDEM, respectively. The simulation results showed that the steel ball’s speed was higher and more uniform by 2-DOF collision, however, the velocity distribution was uneven comparatively under table collision, so we considered the 2-DOF collision was more reliable. Further the reasonable test parameters of 2-DOF was studied by testing, and 2-DOF collision testing and shaking table collision were compared. In order to study the importance of real-time test in the field, the pod shatter resistance index(SRI) of 15 varieties was tested, and the difference of SRI between the field pods and dried pods indoor under the same moisture condition was also analyzed. The results showed that the 60 r/min of swing motor speed and 75 r/min of moving motor speed were the suitable collision parameters. Under this collision condition, the SRI was 0.358 and the coefficient of variation of SRI was 8.35%. And the range of SRI by 2-DOF collision was 0.008-0.948 and average value was 0.370 under 15 varieties comparative test, but the table collision results performed higher, the range was 0.127-0.983 and average value was 0.549 correspondingly, meanwhile the mean standard deviation of 2-DOF was 0.020 3, accordingly result of shaking table collision was 0.025 6. This showed that the method of 2-DOF was more reliable and repeatable than the table collision. In addition, we found that the SRI of 4 varieties with strong shatter resistance was greater than 0.9, while the SRI of 2-DOF was 0.663-0.948, respectively. It indicated that the 2-DOF had a good effect on identifying cultivars with strong pods shatter resistance, but for the varieties with particular poor pod shatter resistance, the SRI were all less than 0.1 by 2-DOF collision, which could quickly and easily exclude pod varieties with poor pod crushing resistance. In addition, the correlation coefficient of the result between the two testing methods was analyzed(0.963 (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Well testing

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Degrees of freedom (mechanics)  -  Harvesting  -  Kinematics  -  MATLAB  -  Optimization  -  Plants (botany)

Uncontrolled terms: 2 degree of freedoms  -  Coefficient of variation  -  Collision  -  Comparison  -  Correlation coefficient  -  Mean standard deviation  -  Motion characteristics  -  Rape pod

Classification code: 821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.35e+00%, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.50e+01RPM

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Mulched drip irrigation cotton yield potential estimation based on large-scale water-nitrogen coupling model in Xinjiang, China with limits of water resources

Accession number: 20192307005237

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhao, Aiqin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Stations of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Aiqin(zhaoaiqin2002@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 111-118

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In arid Xinjiang of China, a main cotton producing area, irrigation is an important measure of agricultural production, and researches yield rich experimental data. This study aimed to establish a large-scale water-nitrogen coupling model based on comprehensive analysis of existing field experimental data to estimate mulched drip irrigation cotton yield potential in Xinjiang. A total of 172 datasets on Xinjiang from the year of 1998 to 2016 were collected through literature retrieval. They included 19 known cotton varieties with Xinlu as a main variety. Considering data acquisition and climatic conditions, Xinjiang was divided into northern and southern Xinjiang. In each, a water-nitrogen coupling model was established based on random classification of data by different cotton varieties. The model validation showed the model was reliable with determination coefficient (R2) of 0.57, normalized root mean square of error of 11%, and concordance index of 0.85 in the northern region, and R2 of 0.84, normalized root mean square of error of 8.3%, and concordance index of 0.95 in the southern Xinjiang, respectively. Based on the model, the optimal irrigation was 604 and 552 mm in the southern and northern Xinjiang, respectively, and the optimal fertilizer-N application rate was 325 and 354 kg/hm2 in the southern and northern Xinjiang, respectively. Available irrigation amount was 494 mm in 2020 according to Xinjiang 2014-2016 and future planning (2020). Assuming fertilizer-N supply was optimally supplied, based on the established model, the yield potential of the northern and southern Xinjiang was 5 900 and 6 695 kg/hm2 in 2020 under the limits of water sources, respectively. The total lint yield should be about 5.2×106 t in 2020 in Xinjiang. The actual lint yield in 2014 in Xinjiang was about 3.7×106 t, about 71% of the potential under the limits of water resources. The study can provide valuable information for application of mulched drip irrigation and agricultural water resources planning in Xinjiang. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 54

Main heading: Water resources

Controlled terms: Cotton  -  Data acquisition  -  Fertilizers  -  Irrigation  -  Nitrogen fertilizers  -  Subirrigation

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  Classification of data  -  Comprehensive analysis  -  Determination coefficients  -  Literature retrieval  -  Mulched drip irrigations  -  Nitrogen models  -  Xinjiang

Classification code: 444 Water Resources  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%, Percentage 8.30e+00%, Size 4.94e-01m, Size 5.52e-01m, Size 6.04e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.013

Funding Details: Number: 41601604, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601604); Elite Journal of CAST (Contributing to Research Subject Development in Agricultural Engineering).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Inhibitory and fresh-keeping effects study of plant essential oil sodium alginate composite film on Agaricus bisporus

Accession number: 20192307005262

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Juan (1); Cheng, Meng (1); Kong, Ruiqi (1); Lu, Wenqian (1); Zhang, Rongfei (1); Wang, Xiangyou (1); Guo, Yanyin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 311-318

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most popular mushrooms, traditionally cultivated in the world. Mushrooms are a good source of mannitol, vitamins, saccharides, organic bases and many mineral elements. However, button mushrooms only have a short shelf life, and they will lose their commercial value within a few days, due to browning, water loss, senescence and microbial attack. The short shelf-life of mushroom is an impediment to the distribution and marketing of the fresh product. Food spoilage and food poisoning caused by microbial infection during the harvesting, processing, transportation and storage of foods present an enormous threat to consumers and the development of food industry. Plant essential oil (EO) is an important volatile secondary metabolite in plants, which is well known for its high volatility, low residual generation, and very rare resistance problems. The purpose of this paper is to study the inhibitory effect of plant EOs on the main spoilage bacteria of mushroom during storage. Nine colonies were obtained by isolating and purifying the main spoilage microorganisms of mushroom. According to morphological identification, these colonies are 3 kinds of molds and 2 kinds of bacteria respectively. It was confirmed by pathogenicity test that the main pathogen of mushroom during storage was strain No. 3. The 18S rDNA sequence phylogenetic tree analysis of the pathogen showed that the pathogen No. 3 was closely related to Trichoderma sp. Four kinds of EO, which are Turmeric EO (TEO), Forsythia EO (FEO), Eucalyptus EO (EEO) and Angelica EO (AEO), were used to test the antibacterial activity against the Strain No. 3. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of preferred EO were determined by agar disk diffusion test. The results showed that EEO has the best inhibitory effect on Trichoderma sp., followed by FEO, while TEO and AEO have no obvious inhibitory effect. The MIC and MBC of EEO were 0.3125 and 0.625 μL/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC of FEO were 0.625 and 1.25 μL/mL, respectively. Water vapor transmission rate, oxygen permeability, tensile strength and elongation at break of sodium alginate/EEO composite lm and sodium alginate single film were measured. The results show that the addition of EEO can significantly improve the gas barrier properties and mechanical properties of the membrane. The effects of four different packaging treatments on the physicochemical properties and microbial quality of mushrooms stored at 4°C for 12 d were investigated. The fresh mushrooms were packaged with the sodium alginate/EEO composite lm, sodium alginate single lm and PE film, and unpackaged mushrooms were used as control. The microbial levels and physicochemical properties such as weightloss, rmness, color, cell membrane permeability, and microbiological quality were measured. Although the highest weight loss (3.51%) was observed in the sodium alginate/EEO treatment at the end of storage, it was still lower than 5%. Mushrooms packaged in the sodium alginate/ EEO composite lm was signicantly (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Gas permeable membranes

Controlled terms: Bacteria  -  Biomechanics  -  Commerce  -  Composite films  -  Cytology  -  Essential oils  -  Films  -  Food storage  -  Fungi  -  Mechanical properties   -  Metabolites  -  Microwave integrated circuits  -  Minerals  -  Pathogens  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Sodium  -  Sodium alginate  -  Spoilage  -  Tensile strength  -  Wood preservation

Uncontrolled terms: Agaricus bisporus  -  Antibacterial properties  -  Cell membrane permeability  -  Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)  -  Minimum inhibitory concentration  -  Morphological identifications  -  Phylogenetic tree analysis  -  Water vapor transmission rate

Classification code: 461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics  -  461.9 Biology  -  482.2 Minerals  -  549.1 Alkali Metals  -  694.4 Storage  -  714.2 Semiconductor Devices and Integrated Circuits  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  811.2 Wood and Wood Products  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.51e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Temperature 2.77e+02K

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Sensitivity of vegetation water use efficiency to climate and vegetation index in Loess Plateau, China

Accession number: 20192307005238

Title of translation:

Authors: Pei, Tingting (1, 2); Li, Xiaoyan (3, 4); Wu, Huawu (1, 5); Wu, Xiuchen (3, 4); Chen, Ying (2); Xie, Baopeng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) School of Management, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (4) School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (5) Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing; 210008, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 119-125

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Water use efficiency (WUE) refers to the amount of CO2 or dry matter produced by per unit consumed water by plants, which is an important indicator of carbon-water coupling. A comprehensive understanding of spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors of WUE is crucial for predicting land surface-atmosphere interactions and future dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems in response to future climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the response of WUE to precipitation, air temperature and vegetation index in Loess Plateau. Data were obtained from well-established products from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS). The data of gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) were from the MOD17A3 and MOD16A3, respectively. The data had been validated. WUE was the ratio of GPP to ET. Gridded precipitation and air temperature data were interpolated by ANUSPLIN software, and the satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)/ National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA), all the data in this article were resampled to 1 km resolution. The duration was from the year of 2000 to 2014. Land coverage was classified by CMG products (MCD12Q1) with resolution of 1 km. The analysis focused mainly on 3 natural vegetation groups because cultivated vegetation had experienced intensive human management in Loess plateau. The growing season was consequently defined as the duration from March to October. All the variables were detrended by linear fitting before performing the ridge regression using MATLAB. When applying ridge regression to explore the sensitivity of WUE to temperature, precipitation and NDVI, WUE was dependent variable, and temperature, precipitation and NDVI were dependent variables. The results showed that: 1) GPP, ET and WUE distribution had an obvious spatial and temporal pattern in Loess Plateau. The GPP and ET gradually reduced with increasing precipitation. Forest had the highest GPP and ET and shrubland had the lowest GPP and ET. The lowest WUE was found in the southwest of Loess plateau, which was an higher altitude area. Mean annual WUE decreased with increasing precipitation. The interannual variation of GPP, ET and WUE were also obvious, the same variation trend were found in WUE and GPP, which were significantly higher in the year of 2012, 2013 and 2014 than the other years. But the ET didn’t showed obvious variation regulation. 2) The sensitivity of WUE to air temperature, precipitation and NDVI showed significant spatial divergence. the sensitivity of WUE to temperature was significantly positive in the whole Loess plateau. The sensitivity of WUE to precipitation and NDVI presented a threshold effect, i.e., WUE increased with precipitation and NDVI when precipitation was less than 500 mm, WUE decreased with precipitation and NDVI when precipitation was over 550 mm. 3) The sensitivity of WUE to air temperature, precipitation and NDVI were related to vegetation type. The NDVI was positively correlated with the WUE of grassland and shrubland, and negatively correlated with the WUE of forest. The sensitivity of WUE of shrubland to temperature and precipitation was significantly higher than that of forest and grassland. This research is helpful in understanding the climate adaptation mechanism of ecosystem under the background of future climate and land use cover change in Loess Plateau. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Atmospheric temperature

Controlled terms: Advanced very high resolution radiometers (AVHRR)  -  Climate change  -  Cultivation  -  Ecosystems  -  Efficiency  -  Forestry  -  Land use  -  Landforms  -  MATLAB  -  Precipitation (chemical)   -  Regression analysis  -  Sediments  -  Temperature  -  Vegetation  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Loess Plateau  -  Regression  -  Sensitivity  -  Vegetation index  -  Water use efficiency

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.7 Radiation Measuring Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.00e+03m, Size 5.00e-01m, Size 5.50e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Energy-saving performance of modified heat recovery ventilator in air conditioner cooling rabbit house

Accession number: 20192307005248

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Peng (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1); Tang, Yuhan (2); An, Lei (1); Liu, Jijun (1); Tian, Jianhui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Zhaotong Technology Promotion Workstation of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhaotong; 657000, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Zhonghong(wuzhh@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 197-202

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyse performance of a modified heat recovery ventilator in air conditioner cooling breeding rabbit house in hot season. The heat recovery ventilator was employ to reduce the energy consumption of cooling rabbit house, alleviate the contradiction between air conditioner cooling and ventilation. During the operation of the air-conditioner, air temperature in the rabbit house maintained 22-27 when the ambient air temperature varied 31-39. The heat recovery ventilator was used to reduce energy consumption of the air-conditioner. The experiment was carried out in two rabbit houses with heat recovery ventilator (treatment house) and without heat recovery ventilator (control house). Compared with the control house, the air temperature in the treatment house was higher by 1.4, while the NH3 and CO2 concentration in the treatment house decreased by 10% and 21%, respectively. The application of the heat recovery ventilator reduced 10.2% energy consumption of the air-conditioner during the hot season, and the sensible heat efficiency of the heat recovery ventilator was 63.3%. The heat recovery ventilator was economic to operate when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was more than 5.1. There is 501 h available time every year for the operation of the hot season in southeast China, and the calculated annual electricity saving was 4.6 kWh for every square meter of rabbit house. Pressure drop of the heat exchanger and the duct ventilation organization are potential factors for improving performance of the system. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Heating

Controlled terms: Air conditioning  -  Ammonia  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Cooling  -  Domestic appliances  -  Energy conservation  -  Energy efficiency  -  Energy utilization  -  Houses  -  Ventilation   -  Waste heat

Uncontrolled terms: Air temperature  -  Ambient air temperature  -  CO2 concentration  -  Electricity saving  -  Improving performance  -  Reduce energy consumption  -  Sensible heat  -  Temperature differences

Classification code: 402.3 Residences  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  525 Energy Management and Conversion  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  643.3 Air Conditioning  -  643.5 Ventilation  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.02e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Time 1.80e+06s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.024

Funding text: China Agriculture Research System for Rabbits (CARS-43-D-1).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Analysis of blade erosion of intensive mixer based on DEM during wet particles mixing

Accession number: 20192307005234

Title of translation: DEM

Authors: Zuo, Zhijian (1, 2); Gong, Shuguang (1); Xie, Guilan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan; 411105, China; (2) Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College, Zhuzhou; 412000, China

Corresponding author: Gong, Shuguang(gongsg@xtu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 81-90

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Erosion caused by particle flow during the mixing process is a key factor affecting the intensive mixer life. For wet particles, the existence of liquid has an effect on the particle flow and erosion due to cohesion force of liquid bridge. In this paper, DEM simulations were carried out to investigate the blade erosion of intensive mixer during wet particles mixing process. The Mikami capillary force model was introduced to simulate the complex effects of liquid bridge between wet particles. 4 commonly used erosion models were combined to predict the blade erosion and the Huang’s erosion model was finally chosen after comparing with the experimental data. The results showed that the blade erosion was focused in the divisions of 35 to 55 mm from the reference point in radial direction, and in the division of 0 mm from the reference point in the azimuthal direction. The compressive force and particle relative speed of blade were more pronounced due to the cohesion force of liquid matter, leading to the increase of blade erosion. High blade speed and small particle size intensified the blade erosion, whereas vessel speed had little influence on it. The results obtained can be used to improve the design of intensive mixer. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Particle size analysis

Controlled terms: Erosion  -  Finite difference method  -  Liquids  -  Mixers (machinery)  -  Mixing  -  Models  -  Particle size  -  Sailing vessels

Uncontrolled terms: Azimuthal direction  -  Capillary force  -  Compressive forces  -  Erosion modeling  -  Liquid bridge  -  Radial direction  -  Reference points  -  Small particle size

Classification code: 674.1 Small Marine Craft  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Size 0.00e+00m, Size 3.50e-02m to 5.50e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.010

Funding Details: Number: 51475403, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: National Natural Science Foundation of China (51475403).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Analysis of fermentation microbial diversity in biogas slurry by using high-throughput sequencing in Xinjiang, China

Accession number: 20192307005251

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Xuhui (1, 2); Xu, Xin (3); Bao, Zhe (4); Wang, Hui (2); Ye, Kai (2); Li, Guan (1); Deng, Yu (5)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Organisms Energy Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi; 830091, China; (3) Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (4) Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (5) Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu; 610041, China

Corresponding author: Li, Guan(guanli@xju.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 219-225

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The microbial varieties of 5 biogas digesters (A08, A09, A010, A011, and A012) were investigated using high-throughput sequencing in different regions in Xinjiang. The operational taxonomic units (OTU) number of bacterial in the OTU cluster analysis of 5 biogas digesters was 2 105, and their identical OTU number was 225. The total OTU number of fungal was 2 224, and their identical OTU number was 178.The main types of biogas slurry samples, A08, A09, and A010, with cow manure as substrate were Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The sample A011 with chicken manure as the substrate was mainly Bacteroides and Firmicutes, and the relative abundance was 58.5% and 23.8%, respectively. The sample A012 with pig manure as substrate was similar to the sample A09 with cow manure as substrate. The first dominant group was Firmicutes, the second dominant group was Bacteroides, and the third one was Proteobacteria. The main fungi in the 5 biogas slurry samples were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota at the phylum level, in which the relative abundance of Ascomycota accounted for the majority, reached 72.7%-83.3%, with a relatively abundant level of Basidiomycetes at 4.3%-7.3%. The Xinjiang biogas digesters contained an extremely abundant number of microbial strains, and the microbial distributions of the different samples were different, which provided theory evidence for the preparation of high efficiency biogas fermenting agents. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Biogas

Controlled terms: Bacteria  -  Cluster analysis  -  Fertilizers  -  Fungi  -  Mammals  -  Manures

Uncontrolled terms: Biogas digesters  -  Biogas slurry  -  Diversity  -  High-throughput sequencing  -  Microbial distribution  -  Microbial diversity  -  Operational taxonomic units  -  Relative abundance

Classification code: 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.38e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+00% to 7.30e+00%, Percentage 5.85e+01%, Percentage 7.27e+01% to 8.33e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.027

Funding text: The Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (2017007); The Xinjiang Provincial Sciences and Technology Department (2016D04019); The Technical Service Commission Project of Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Effects of slope lengths on rill erosion under different hydrodynamic conditions in black soil sloping farmland of Northeast China

Accession number: 20192307005243

Title of translation:

Authors: Chen, Chao (1); Lei, Tingwu (1, 2); Ban, Yunyun (1); Gao, Xiaofeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Lei, Tingwu(leitingwu@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 155-162

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Rill erosion under concentrated water flow is important in studying the mechanism of rill erosion and predicting soil erosion and also provides a database to estimate other parameters of erosion model, such as detachment rate and erodibility. This research aims to study the rill erosion of black soil over cultivated slope to reveal that the sediment concentration varies with slope length. Laboratory simulation was conducted to measure the distribution of sediment concentration along with slope length. This experiment involved four slopes (5°, 10°, 15°, and 20°) and three flow rates (1, 2, and 4 L/min). Sediment concentrations at different slope lengths (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 m) which determined by the distance between inlet and outlet were measured under different hydraulic conditions. Concentrated water flow was pumped to scour the soil slope from the designed inlet location to the outlet of the soil flume. Sediment-laden water samples were collected from the sediment collector when water flow run from inlet to outlet and became steady. The samples of different sediment concentrations were dried by an oven and calculated to determine the distribution of sediment along the slope length. As the experiment repeated under different hydraulic conditions, the data series of sediment concentration changed with slope length were attained. The results showed that sediment concentration increased with slope length under different hydraulic conditions; however, this increase rate gradually decreased. The data series of sediment concentration were fitted to slope length with an exponential function. The coefficients of determinations (R2) ranging between 0.85 and 0.99 showed that the exponential function could well fit the experimental data. With the exponential function and the experiment data, the maximum sediment concentration (A) and decay coefficient (B) were regressed. With the increased in slope gradient and flow rate, the water flow needs a shorter slope length to get to a higher maximum sediment concentration compared with the circumstance of low slope gradient and flow rate. Parameter sensitivity analysis was adopted to research the influential degree of each parameter on the maximum sediment concentration. The sensitivity of flow rate is higher under low slope gradient and flow rate compared with the condition of higher slope gradient and flow rate. Slope gradient exerted higher impact on the maximum sediment concentration than flow rate. The slope gradient had a greater influence on parameter A with that under lower slope gradient which means that the effect of slope gradient on A decreased with the increase of slope gradient under the same flow rate. The parameter B generally increased with the increases of slope gradient and flow rate which means sediment in water flow increased faster and need shorter slope length to achieve the maximum value. This study does not quantify the rill erosion process over black soil slope but also provides a foundation for estimating some model parameters such as detachment rate and erodibility. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 44

Main heading: Sediments

Controlled terms: Erosion  -  Exponential functions  -  Flow of water  -  Flow rate  -  Hydraulics  -  Runoff  -  Scour  -  Sedimentation  -  Sensitivity analysis  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Decay coefficients  -  Hydraulic conditions  -  Hydrodynamic conditions  -  Laboratory simulation  -  Parameter sensitivity analysis  -  Sediment concentration  -  Sediment-laden water  -  Slope length

Classification code: 442.1 Flood Control  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics  -  632.1 Hydraulics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  921 Mathematics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Size 8.00e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.019

Funding Details: Number: 41230746, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China; Number: 51321001, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: National Natural Science Foundation of China under Project (41230746) and (51321001).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Mechanism of dynamic pressure increase of grain silo wall based on simulation of discharge flow states

Accession number: 20192307005259

Title of translation:

Authors: Yuan, Fang (1, 2); Du, Qian (1, 2); Xu, Zhijun (1, 2); Liu, Hailin (1, 2); Wang, Shangrong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Grain Storage and Transportation, Zhengzhou; 450001, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Zhijun(Zj.xu_hust@qq.om)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 286-293

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Silo is widely used in grain, logistics, electric power, metallurgy and other industries. Therefore, the reasonable design of silo structure is the key. China is a large country of grain production, with application of the modern granary environmental protection, energy saving, green and other concepts, the cylinder wall is higher, and larger diameter, occupies less land, saves resources of the silo and is more and more in line with the future development trend of granary, and with the trend of rapid development around the world. With the increasing height and diameter of silo, the problem of failure in silo discharging is becoming more prominent. The dynamic lateral pressure of grain silo during discharging is the major cause of silo failure. In this paper, based on the indoor grain silo discharging model test, the whole process of the silo center emptying was recorded with high-speed camera, the flow pattern of grain was analyzed with image processing technology, and the dynamic pressure generated during the discharge process was measured. Based on this test, the particle flow code (PFC3D) was used to carry out numerical simulation to track the movement of specific particles in the test. By comparing the results of the experiment and the numerical simulation, the mechanism of overpressure in the discharge of the silo was explored. Through this study, in the process of discharging in the center, there were two kinds of flow states, the mass flow and the tubular flow. At the beginning of the discharge, the stored material flowed as mass flow. After a period of time, the upper part of the material flowed as mass flow, the bottom of the storage was a tubular flow, and the mass flow was in the high diameter ratio close to 1 of the height position to convert to tubular flow. When the discharging height reached 1.1m, the stored material flowed in tubular flow until the discharge was completed. Both the dynamic lateral pressure and the static lateral pressure increased with the depth of the measuring point, and the dynamic lateral pressure was greater than the static lateral pressure. At the beginning of the discharge, the dynamic lateral pressure measured by the silo suddenly increased, and then the dynamic lateral pressure value decreased with the continuous reduction of the storage height. The overpressure coefficient measured by the three groups of sensors was larger in the height range of the high diameter ratio close to 1, and the overpressure phenomenon was obvious. In the process of silo discharging, the speed of tubular flow of the bottom stored material was greater than the speed of the mass flow of the middle and upper stored material. There was a pressure arch at the junction of the two flow states, and the existence of the pressurized arch hindered the normal flow of the upper stored material, which led to the self-weight of the stored material and the additional force caused by the change of momentum was almost entirely by the arch, resulting in the increase of the dynamic lateral pressure and a significant overpressure phenomenon. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Walls (structural partitions)

Controlled terms: Arches  -  Computer simulation  -  Energy conservation  -  Flow patterns  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Grain elevators  -  High speed cameras  -  Image processing  -  Mass transfer  -  Numerical models   -  Outages  -  Silos (agricultural)

Uncontrolled terms: Additional forces  -  Development trends  -  Discharge process  -  Flow state  -  Image processing technology  -  Lateral pressures  -  Overpressure  -  Particle flow code

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  641.3 Mass Transfer  -  706.1 Electric Power Systems  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.10e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Effects of regenerated periods and vegetation modes on soil microbial functional diversity in regenerated land of opencast coal mine

Accession number: 20192307005258

Title of translation:

Authors: Cao, Meng (1, 2); Zhang, Lanlan (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1, 2); Zhuo, Zhiqing (1, 2); Zhang, Liping (1, 2); Huang, Yuanfang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environment Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing; 100193, China

Corresponding author: Huang, Yuanfang(yfhuang@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 278-285

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Understanding the effect of regenerated land conditions on soil microbes is essential for estimating the extent of ecological restoration. In this study, we employed the Biolog ECOTM method to evaluate the restoration effects of different regeneration periods and vegetation patterns on the soil microbial characteristics in restoration fields of the Antaibao opencast coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. The representative indicators describing soil microbial functional diversity were then screened from soil physicochemical properties (bulk density, pH value, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium), and biological properties (soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen). First, our results showed that both the land regeneration period and vegetation pattern markedly impacted the soil microbial functional diversity of this area. The soil microbial communities in the plots that were restored earlier have higher total activity and evenness. In the case of relatively long regeneration periods, the microbial functional diversity of restored land is mainly affected by the vegetation mode. Second, from the standpoint of the metabolic functional diversity of soil microbes, the best single-plant reclamation pattern was exhibited by Apricot (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.), Elm (Ulmus pumila) and korshinsk peashrub (Caragana korshinskii); the optimized configuration sequence of mixed forest was korshinsk peashrub × locust (Robinia pseudoacacia). Third, the content of soil microbial biomass carbon was negatively correlated with microbial diversity indices of Shannon-Wiener index (ρ = -0.69, P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Coal mines

Controlled terms: Bacteria  -  Biodiversity  -  Biomass  -  Coal  -  Ecology  -  Microorganisms  -  Nitrogen  -  Organic carbon  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Reforestation   -  Restoration  -  Soils  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Ecological restoration  -  Functional diversity  -  Microbial functional diversities  -  Opencast Coal Mine  -  Optimized configuration  -  Soil microbial biomass carbons  -  Soil microbial community  -  Soil physico-chemical properties

Classification code: 454 Environmental Engineering  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  461.9 Biology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  503.1 Coal Mines  -  524 Solid Fuels  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.034

Funding Details: Number: 41571217, Acronym: NSFC, Sponsor: National Natural Science Foundation of China;

Funding text: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300801); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571217).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Rural construction land extraction from high spatial resolution remote sensing image based on SegNet semantic segmentation model

Accession number: 20192307005255

Title of translation: SegNet

Authors: Yang, Jianyu (1, 2); Zhou, Zhenxu (1); Du, Zhenrong (1); Xu, Quanquan (1); Yin, Hang (1); Liu, Rui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 251-258

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the advancement of remote sensing technology, the high spatial resolution remote sensing image contains rich special information with a great detail. At the same time, the complexity of high spatial resolution remote sensing images also requires higher the classification technology of remote sensing images. However, in the face of high spatial resolution remote sensing image more obvious geometrical structure and the more rich texture characteristics, how to design rational system of characteristics, select the appropriate sorting algorithms to accurately and quickly grasp the number of rural land of building and its distribution status, are of great significance to balance urban and rural areas, save land, and realize sustainable development. This will help in exploring the application of deep learning model in high spatial resolution remote sensing image building extraction, and have research significance for improving the classification accuracy of high resolution remote sensing image. In this paper, the semantic segmentation model (SegNet) was used for extracting buildings. SegNet is mainly composed of encoder network, decoder network and pixel-wise classification layer. The encoder network transforms high-dimensional vectors into low-dimensional vectors, enabling low-dimensional extraction of high-dimensional features. The decoder network maps low-resolution feature maps to high spatial resolution feature maps, realizing the reconstruction of low-dimensional vectors to high-dimensional vectors. The softmax classifier separately classifies each pixel, which outputs the probability that each pixel belongs to each class. In this paper, a 3000 pixel × 3000 pixel and two 2000 pixel × 2000 pixel slices were taken from the global remote sensing image of Bazhou City, Hebei Province as training samples, and a 3000 pixel × 3000 pixel slice was taken as the verification sample. In this paper, five comparative experiments were used to extract the buildings, including PSPNet, support vector machine, random forest, ISO clustering and maximum likelihood method. The confusion matrix of each classification method was obtained by calculating the difference between the classification results of the comparison experiment and the real value. From the traditional classification algorithm to the shallow learning algorithm to the deep learning algorithm, the Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of classification kept constantly increasing, among which SegNet semantic segmentation algorithm based on the deep convolutional network performed better than the other five algorithms in extracting buildings from high spatial resolution remote sensing image. The Kappa coefficient and the overall accuracy of SegNet semantic segmentation algorithm were 0.90 and 96.61%, respectively, and the ground truth value was basically the same as the classification result. The F1Score of building extraction of SegNet semantic segmentation algorithm based on deep convolution network was 0.91, but the other five algorithms were below 0.87. SegNet had the lowest error rate of 9.71% for buildings, indicating that the ability to identify buildings of semantic segmentation algorithm from high spatial resolution remote sensing was superior to traditional classification algorithms, shallow layer learning algorithms based on machine learning, and PSPNet semantic segmentation algorithm based on deep convolution network. The Kappa coefficient and overall accuracy of the remaining five classification algorithms were respectively below 0.83 and 94.68%, and the difference between the ground truth value and the classification result was relatively large. SegNet can not only make use of spectral information but also make full use of abundant spatial information. During SegNet training, more essential features can be learned, and more ideal features suitable for pattern classification were finally formed, which can enhance the ability of convergence and generalization of the model and improve the classification accuracy. Traditional classification algorithms, such as ISO clustering and maximum likelihood method, failed to make use of the rich spatial information of the high-resolution remote sensing image, so the accuracy was relatively low. Due to limited computing units and large amount of high spatial resolution remote sensing image data, shallow layer learning algorithms based on machine learning such as support vector machines and random forest cannot effectively express complex features of ground objects, so their advantages are not obvious in building extraction from the high spatial resolution remote sensing images. The experimental results showed that the SegNet based on deep learning has the best performance, and it has important theoretical significance to explore the application of deep learning model to remote sensing image classification methods. At the same time, the research results also provide a reference for improving the classification accuracy of high resolution remote sensing images. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Image segmentation

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Buildings  -  Classification (of information)  -  Clustering algorithms  -  Complex networks  -  Convolution  -  Data mining  -  Decision trees  -  Decoding  -  Deep learning   -  Extraction  -  Image enhancement  -  Image resolution  -  Information use  -  Learning algorithms  -  Machine learning  -  Maximum likelihood  -  Network coding  -  Pixels  -  Remote sensing   -  Rural areas  -  Semantics  -  Support vector machines  -  Textures  -  Vectors

Uncontrolled terms: Classification algorithm  -  Classification technology  -  High resolution remote sensing images  -  Maximum likelihood methods  -  Remote sensing image classification  -  Remote sensing technology  -  Rural constructions  -  Semantic segmentation

Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  722 Computer Systems and Equipment  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  903.1 Information Sources and Analysis  -  903.3 Information Retrieval and Use  -  921.1 Algebra  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.30e-01%, Percentage 9.00e-01%, Percentage 9.47e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Percentage 9.71e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Parameter optimization in anaerobic co-digestion of NaOH pretreated sugarcane leaves and pig manure-dairy manure

Accession number: 20192307005250

Title of translation: NaOH-

Authors: Luo, Juan (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Li, Xiujin (2); Feng, Jing (1); Yuan, Hairong (2); Yu, Jiadong (1); Huang, Kaiming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing; 100029, China

Corresponding author: Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 212-218

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Tropical agriculture in south of China produces a large amount of tropical agricultural wastes every year including sugarcane leaves (SL). According to statistics, the annual output of SL in China is as high as 36 million tons, while the utilization rate is less than 20%. Lots of SL is discarded or even incinerated, causing environmental pollution. At the same time, South China is traditional dominant area for pig and herbivore due to rich and cheap feed. A great amount of animal manure (AM) is produced every year, which causes ecological and environmental pressure. Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology is considered to be an effective way to deal with wastes from planting and breeding. However, the low efficiency and biogas production resulting from large amount of lignocellulose limits large-scale application of SL. The biodegradability of SL can be effectively improved by pretreatment, and the anaerobic co-digestion can improve the biogas production performance of SL and AM. In this paper, the anaerobic co-digestion performance of AM and SL pretreated by NaOH was studied. The AD performance of pretreated SL with pig manure (dairy manure) at different mixing ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:0, 0:1) was investigated. After that, the effects of temperature (30, 35, 40) and C/N (20:1, 25:1, 30:1) of modified SL, pig manures and dairy manures were determined with Central Composite design method. The results of the tests indicated that the cumulative gas production of the mixed materials was significantly higher than that with single material and the best mixing ratio was 1:1, with which the values reached 6 075.57 and 5 903.61 mL respectively and were 8.13%-15.01% higher than that without pretreated SL or AM. The modified Gompertz model could simulate the kinetics of anaerobic co-digestion of SL and AM, and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.998. The synergistic effect was found in anaerobic co-digestion and resulted in nutrients balance and promotion of organic matter. Regression model analysis showed that the temperature and C/N had significant effects on AD. The optimal process conditions were determined by response surface methodology, that the temperature was 36.5 and C/N was 27. The measured values of biogas production of the mixture of SL and AM was 337.5 mL/g under the optimized conditions above, which was very close to the predicted value (331.92 mL/g). The model verification results showed that RSM could be used to optimize the AD process parameters of mixture. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Anaerobic digestion

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Biodegradability  -  Biogas  -  Fertilizers  -  Mammals  -  Manures  -  Mixing  -  Mixtures  -  Regression analysis  -  Sodium hydroxide   -  Temperature  -  Tropics

Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic co-digestion  -  Central composite designs  -  Cumulative gas productions  -  Dairy manures  -  Environmental pollutions  -  Large-scale applications  -  Pig manures  -  Response surface methodology

Classification code: 443 Meteorology  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 8.13e+00% to 1.50e+01%, Specific_Volume 3.32e-01m3/kg, Specific_Volume 3.38e-01m3/kg, Volume 9.04e-04m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Analysis of supply-demand and transportation path of sediments for filling reclamation of mining areas in Yellow River basin

Accession number: 20192307005257

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Jing (1); Yin, Shouqiang (1); Yu, Jiachun (1); Hu, Zhenqi (2); Yang, Zhen (1); Yang, Chaoyuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou; 221116, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 268-277

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Subsided mined-land reclamation with Yellow River Sediments is an effective way and a win-win strategy for reducing the Yellow River sedimentation and accelerating mined land reclamation by using sediments as filling materials, which is of great significance to improve the regional ecological environment. In order to analyze the maximal supply amount and sediments demand for the filling reclamation of mining areas in the Yellow River basin, in this paper, we took the Yellow River and 23 national planning mining areas within 150 km away from the main sediments deposition segments of the Yellow River as the study area. Through the analysis of supply and demand of sediments for the filling reclamation of mining areas, the river segments and mining areas suitable for filling reclamation were preliminarily identified and the schematic sediments transport paths were also designed. Firstly, the sediments balance equation was used to estimate the sedimentation amount in main sediments deposition segments of the Yellow River in 1950-2013. Secondly, the sediments demand for filling reclamation of all mining areas within the study area was estimated. Based on the above two steps, we analyzed the spatial difference on the relation of Yellow River sediments supply and demand for the filling reclamation in all main sediments deposition segments. Finally, the sediments transport paths of different mining areas were designed as a whole by following the principle that the path should be shortest for minimum construction and labor costs involved. The results showed that the main sediments deposition segments of the Yellow River are Bayangol-Toudaoguai and Mengjin-Lijin, whose total sedimentation amount was 14.431 billion tons in 1950 -2013. Therefore, the sedimentation was the most serious in the river segment called Mengjin-Gaocun, where the accumulated sedimentation amount was 11.475 billion tons in 1950-2013. By the distance difference from the Yellow River, those 23 mining areas were further divided into three types of mining groups, including nine short-distance (S1) mining areas, 10 middle-distance (S2) mining areas, and four long-distance (S3) mining areas, which were 0 - 60 km, >60 - 120 km and >120 - 150 km away from the Yellow River, respectively. Their total sediments demand amount was about 22.512 billion tons by 2013. The spatial relationship between the supply and demand of the Yellow River sediments was unbalanced, thus not all mining areas could be reclaimed with Yellow River Sediment for insufficient sediment in some river segments. In the river segments including Bayangol-Sanhuhekou, Huayuankou-Gaocun, Aishan-Lijin, the sedimentation amount could cover the reclamation demand, thus all the mining areas could be filling-reclaimed using the sediments only judging by the difference between the sediment supply and reclamation demand, but in the river segments including Sanhuhekou-Toudaoguai, Mengjin-Huayuankou and Gaocun-Aishan, the sedimentation amount was less than the reclamation demand, thus only part of the mining areas could be suitable for the sediment-filling reclamation application. As a result, 7 S1 mining areas and 5 S2 mining areas, including Baotou, Yima, Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, Feicheng, Huang Hebei, Zibo, Wuhai, Pingdingshan, Jincheng, Hebi and Xinwen, were comparatively suitable for filling reclamation by both sediments transportation length and sediments sufficiency or not, whose total sediments demand was 4.531 billion tons around and 4.488 billion tons, respectively by 2013, about 9.019 billion tons in total, accounting for about 40.06% of the total sediments demand of all mining areas and about 62.50% of the total sedimentation amount in the study area. The total water involved for sediment transportation to the mining areas suitable for filling reclamation was about 14.881 billion tons by 2013. The sediments transport paths length of the mining areas suitable for filling reclamation was about 21.98 - 109.02 km away from the Yellow River. The total sediments transport paths length to the suitable mining areas was about 643 km. The study is the foundation for the wide-scale promotion of the filling reclamation technology of mining areas with Yellow River sediments, and is helpful for the subsequent feasibility study, the relevant planning and reclamation policies making. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 60

Main heading: Sediments

Controlled terms: Catchments  -  Coal mines  -  Coal reclamation  -  Drainage  -  Economics  -  Filling  -  Land reclamation  -  Land use  -  Reclamation  -  Rivers   -  Sedimentation  -  Wages  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Difference between sediment amount and its demand  -  Distance-difference  -  Ecological environments  -  Mining areas  -  Reclamation technologies  -  Sediment transportation  -  Spatial relationships  -  Yellow River basin

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  442.2 Land Reclamation  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  503.1 Coal Mines  -  524 Solid Fuels  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  912.4 Personnel  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.01e+01%, Percentage 6.25e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e+04m, Size 1.20e+05m, Size 1.50e+05m, Size 2.20e+04m to 1.09e+05m, Size 6.43e+05m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Analysis of shift quality of power split continuously variable transmission for tractor equipped with steel belt

Accession number: 20192307005232

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Guangming (1); Zhang, Xiaohui (1); Li, Xiaoyu (1); Fan, Guoqiang (1); Zhang, Haijun (2); Sun, Rui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xiaohui(zhangxh@sdau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 5

Issue date: March 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 62-72

Language: English

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The tractor equipped with steel belt power split CVT (continuously variable transmission) has multiple work sections, and it is easy to generate impact or even cause power interruption when shifting under load, which is an urgent problem to be solved in the development of this type of transmission. There are few studies in this field at present. In order to reveal the influence laws and mechanism of various factors on shift quality of tractor equipped with steel belt power split CVT, the shift process was simulated and a map representation method reflecting the overall trend of shift quality affected by 2 related factors (engine speed and load, terminational pressure and limited flow, shift starting time and shift timing sequence, tractor moment of inertia and tractor mass) was proposed. First of all, the transmission principle and the performance characteristics of the tractor equipped with steel belt power split CVT were described, including the speed regulation principle of the steel belt power split CVT, the tractive characteristics of the tractor, the maximum output power of the PTO and the fuel economy of the transmission. Secondly, the dynamic model about shift hydraulic system of the steel belt power split CVT was constructed and confirmed by 8 groups test under different terminational pressure, limited flow and shift timing sequence. Based on this, the tractor dynamic model including engine, steel belt power split CVT and rear axle was built. Finally, 3 evaluation indexes of shift quality, namely peak acceleration of tractor, dynamic load coefficient of transmission output shaft and sliding-friction work of clutch, were given. And the simulation about the influence laws and mechanism of various factors on shift quality was carried out. The results showed that the steel belt power split CVT not only could achieve sufficient power output, but also was more economical than the traditional transmission. The system fuel consumption of the steel belt power split CVT was about 20 g/(kW•h) lower than that of the traditional steel belt CVT under the same working condition. Lower engine speed (1 200 r/min), medium terminational pressure (5 MPa), higher limited flow (10 L/min), shifting before ideal shift point (0.2 s) and shift in overlapping sequence (0.2 s) all could improve the shift quality. However, the influence of transmission output shaft moment of inertia, tractor mass, as well as load on shift quality is complex, evaluation of each index on shift quality is not uniform, which needs to be synthetically considered at tractor design stage. According to the study, it is concluded that the steel belt power split CVT not only has high fuel economy, but also has simple shift laws and good controllability of shift quality, which has a good application prospect in medium and small power tractors. The research can provide theoretical support for transmission system design of the steel belt power split CVT. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Electric power transmission

Controlled terms: Clutches  -  Computer simulation  -  Dynamic loads  -  Dynamic models  -  Dynamics  -  Engines  -  Fuel economy  -  Fuels  -  Hydraulic equipment  -  Petroleum reservoir evaluation   -  Quality control  -  Speed  -  Tractors (agricultural)  -  Tractors (truck)  -  Variable speed transmissions

Uncontrolled terms: Application prospect  -  Continuously variable transmission  -  Performance characteristics  -  Power splits  -  Sliding friction works  -  Steel belts  -  Transmission principle  -  Transmission system design

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  602.2 Mechanical Transmissions  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles  -  706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Pressure 5.00e+06Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.20e+03RPM, Time 2.00e-01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.05.008

Funding text: National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFD0701103); Shandong Key Research and Development Program (2018GNC112008); Shandong Agricultural Machinery Research and Development Program (2017YF026).

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village