1. Characteristics of sand-driving wind regime and sediment transport in northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert

Accession number: 20192307005318

Title of translation:

Authors: Luo, Fengmin (1); Gao, Junliang (1); Xin, Zhiming (1); Bian, Kai (1); Hao, Yuguang (1); Liu, Fang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station/Experimental Center of Desert Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Dengkou; 015200, China

Corresponding author: Hao, Yuguang(hyuguang@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 145-152

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The current researches of near surface sand movement pay more attention to the short period and single direction of the blowing sand structure characteristics, but the results were difficult to combine with the long-term geomorphological processes. The sand drift potential (DP) and sediment transport are two important index to reflect windblown sand activity intensity. In order to prove the characteristic of sand-drift activities of the blown-sand movement in the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert, we studied the variations of sand-driving wind regime, drift potential and sediment transport rate in the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert, and the dates of the annual wind speed, direction and sediment transport data were collected from the “Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Observation Research Station” during 2013-2017. We analyzed the dates by the methods of field observation, laboratory analysis and calculation. The results showed that: 1) the mean speed, frequency and maximum speed of sand-driving wind in the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert were 6.77 m/s, 19.74% and 20.76 m/s, respectively. These indexes were all largest in spring, the value were respectively 7.10 m/s, 24.63% and 18.43 m/s, which was main sandstorm activity period, followed by autumn, and were all smallest in winter, the value were6.53 m/s, 17.61% and 13.60 m/s, respectively. 2) The sand-driving wind direction of four seasons and the whole year were consistent with each other in the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert, and the main directions these were the easterly winds (NNE, NE, ENE, E) and the westerly winds (SW, WSW, W, WNW. 3) The yearly sand drift potential and the resultant drift potential(RDP) were respectively 183.38 VU and 73.41 VU, which belongs to an intermediate wind energy environment, and the yearly index of directional wind variability (RDP/DP) was 0.40, which belongs to a intermediate ratio. The yearly resultant drift direction (RDD) was 111.15°, which indicated the southeast by east direction. The sand material of the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert move to southeast by east direction. The seasonal variation characteristics and monthly variation characteristics in spring of the sand drift potential and the resultant drift potential, the sand drift potential and the resultant drift potential were largest in May, followed by November, and the smallest in January. 4) The sand transport quantity of the sixteen directions of northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert was 35.11 kg/m•d, the sediment transport quantity of the WNW direction reached the maximum and the value was 3.21 kg/m•d, and the sediment transport rate showed obvious seasonal variation characteristics, while the sand transport quantity of spring was significantly higher than other seasons. The research results provide a basis for the ecological environment assessment of the northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert, and provide a theoretical basis for regional desertification prevention and control measures. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 41

Main heading: Sand

Controlled terms: Coastal engineering  -  Ecology  -  Erosion  -  Landforms  -  Sediment transport  -  Sedimentation  -  Storms  -  Wind  -  Wind power

Uncontrolled terms: Activity intensities  -  Drift potential  -  Ecological environments  -  Prevention and controls  -  Sediment transport rate  -  Structure characteristic  -  Ulan Buh Desert  -  Variation characteristics

Classification code: 407.3 Coastal Engineering  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  443.3 Precipitation  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  615.8 Wind Power (Before 1993, use code 611 )  -  802.3 Chemical Operations

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.76e+01%, Percentage 1.97e+01%, Percentage 2.46e+01%, Velocity 1.36e+01m/s, Velocity 1.84e+01m/s, Velocity 2.08e+01m/s, Velocity 6.77e+00m/s, Velocity 7.10e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Path tracking control method of agricultural machine navigation based on aiming pursuit model

Accession number: 20192307005302

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Hui (1); Wang, Guimin (2); Luo, Xiwen (1); Zhang, Zhigang (1); Gao, Yang (2); He, Jie (1); Yue, Binbin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) LOVOL Heavy Industry Co., Ltd, Weifang; 261206, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Guimin(wangguimin@lovol.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 11-19

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Agricultural machine automatic navigation is one of the key technologies in precision agriculture technology system, the in-depth study is important in scientific research, application and social values. In this paper, we investigated the navigation problems in the application of the farm work, including slow on-line speed, bad on-line stability, and poor adaptability of bumpy complex road surface. These problems can be summarized as the speed and stability problems of track tracking in the case of large position deviation or large course deviation. Through the analysis of the work principle and control parameters function of the navigation, a conclusion is made that the correct speed and stability of the position deviation and course deviation of agricultural machinery can be improved by allocating the weight of the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity and course deviation wheel angle decision quantity reasonably. Then in this paper, we developed the navigation control algorithm based on the agricultural machine kinematics model and the pole optimal configuration theory. Because of the small angle linearization of course deviation angle and wheel angle during the deducing, the control law can achieve good control effect only in the ideal straight path tracking control with small position deviation, course deviation, and wheel angle. Based on this, a path tracking control method of aiming pursuit model for agricultural machine navigation was proposed aiming at improving the on-line speed, stability and adaptability to complex road surface of the automatic navigation system of agricultural machine. In this method, we selected a tracking target point on the planning path of agricultural machine ahead, and tracked the target point by controlling the steering wheel angle. The direction of the agricultural machine vehicle center point to the target point was called as the aiming course. The desired steering angle would be larger when the deviation was larger between the course of agricultural machine and the aiming course, with a rapid correction of aiming course deviation to achieve the goal of fast tracking the target path. On the other hand, the desired steering angle would be smaller when the deviation was smaller between the course of agricultural machine and the aiming course, with a stable tracking to aiming path to achieve the goal of stable tracking the target path. In this model, the steering wheel angle was designed to be K times of the aiming course deviation and K was called as control gain. The length of the projection of the agricultural machine vehicle center to the target point vector on the planning path was named as the preview distance. The control gain and the preview distance were two important parameters that affected the control effect of the model. In this paper, there were three steps to prove the feasibility of the method. The control gain K and the preview distance were set up by referring to the result of the pole optimal configuration method based on the kinematic model of agricultural machine. By comparing two methods formula, the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity had a linear relationship with the position deviation in the kinematics model method and the position deviation wheel angle decision quantity had an inverse tangent function relationship with the position deviation. The inverse tangent function relation was more beneficial to maintain proper weight of position deviation wheel angle decision quantity and course deviation wheel angle decision quantity that would make the path tracking control of agricultural machinery navigation more rapid and stable. Simulation analysis results of aiming pursuit model algorithm in different position and different course deviation showed that the proposed method had a fast and stable path tracking performance and good robustness and adaptability to the navigation path tracking. The test results of agricultural machine showed that the control method proposed in this paper had a good effect in the rapid responsibility and line tracking performance. In the case of 0.5, 1, 1.5 m initial position error, the on-line time was 6.8, 8.2, 9.4 s, respectively, the corresponding travelling distance was 6.73, 8.11 and 9.33 m, respectively and the corresponding overshoot was 5.2, 7.0, 8.5 cm, respectively. The maximum error of straight-line path tracking for bumpy uneven field was not more than 4.23 cm, the mean value of the absolute value of the error was 1 cm, and the standard deviation was 1.25 cm, which satisfied the operation requirements of agricultural machine. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Target tracking

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Agriculture  -  Automobile steering equipment  -  Control engineering  -  Control system analysis  -  Errors  -  Inverse problems  -  Kinematics  -  Models  -  Navigation   -  Navigation systems  -  Poles  -  Roads and streets  -  Stability  -  Steering  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural machine  -  Automatic navigation  -  Automatic navigation systems  -  On-line  -  Path tracking  -  Path tracking control  -  Precision agriculture technology  -  Scientific researches

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets  -  408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.25e-02m, Size 1.50e+00m, Size 4.23e-02m, Size 8.11e+00m, Size 8.50e-02m, Size 9.33e+00m, Time 9.40e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Design and parameter optimization of reverse membrane and soil separation device for residual film recovery machine

Accession number: 20192307005306

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Xuejun (1, 2); Liu, Jiaqiang (1); Shi, Zenglu (1, 2); Jin, Wei (1, 2); Yan, Jinshan (1, 2); Yu, Mengjie (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Innovation Design Laboratory, Xinjiang Agricultural Engineering Equipment, Urumqi; 830052, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 46-55

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The widely use of plastic film mulching technology in agriculture increase crop yields and farmers’ income. However, with the extensive use of plastic film, the residual film in the soil is also accumulating yearly, and the accumulated residual film is hard to be removed from soil. If the residual film in soil plough layer can-not be timely treated, it will lead to soil fertility decline, resulting in crop yield reduction and soil contamination. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to remove the residual film from soil, especially in the tillage layer. In order to solve the problem of remnant film recovery, according to the characteristics of the remnant film recovery machine, and according to the requirements of the agronomy of plastic film recovery, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine is designed and manufactured. It is expected that the transport of membrane-soil, reverse separation of membrane-soil and membrane-collecting process can be completed. In this paper, we studied the influence of the parameters of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine on the separating effect of the membrane-soil. By analyzing the influence of the parameters on the performance of the reverse membrane-soil separator of the chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine, the optimal working parameters were obtained, which could provide reference for the follow-up study and optimization of the membrane-soil separator. Aiming at the problems of poor mechanical properties of residual film deposited in the soil plough layer for many years, difficult separation of membrane and soil, and low recovery rate of residual film debris, a chain-tooth residual film recovery machine was designed. The main working parts of the machine are picking up device and membrane soil separating device. The working depth of the machine is 0-150 mm. The pickup device completes the membrane pickup and conveys the soil with the plastic membrane. Then the residual membrane is separated by the reverse membrane soil separating device, and finally the residual membrane is transported to the membrane collector. Taking angular velocity of pickup device, angular velocity of membrane-soil separator and angle of membrane-soil separator as experimental factors, quadratic regression orthogonal test of three factors and three levels was carried out in this study on chain-tooth residual membrane recovery machine with response values of residual membrane recovery rate and soil content. The response surface model of each factor was obtained by experiment, and the influence of each factor on the operation effect was analyzed and optimized. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the recovery of residual membrane was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator. The order of the factors affecting the soil content was: angle of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of membrane-soil separator > angular velocity of pickup device; and the optimized results were tested. The results showed that the recovery rate of residual membrane was 81.12% and the soil content was 34.83% when the angular velocity of the pickup device was 42 rad/s, the angular velocity of the membrane-soil separator was 57 rad/s and the angle of the membrane-soil separator was 37°, and the relative error between the experimental value of each evaluation index and the optimized value of the model was less than 5%. The reverse membrane-soil separator can solve the problems of difficult membrane-soil separation and low recovery rate of residual membrane fragments. It can provide a reference for further research and optimization of membrane-soil separator mechanism of residual membrane recovery machine. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Soil pollution

Controlled terms: Activation analysis  -  Agricultural machinery  -  Angular velocity  -  Crops  -  Design  -  Mechanization  -  Membranes  -  Optimization  -  Pickups  -  Plastic films   -  Problem solving  -  Recovery  -  Separation  -  Separators  -  Soil testing  -  Soils  -  Surface properties

Uncontrolled terms: Optimization of membranes  -  Orthogonal test  -  Parameter optimization  -  Plastic film mulching  -  Residual films  -  Response surface  -  Response surface modeling  -  Separation devices

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  817.1 Polymer Products  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Angular_Velocity 4.20e+01rad/s, Angular_Velocity 5.70e+01rad/s, Percentage 3.48e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.11e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.50e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Determination of thickness of thermal storage layer of solar greenhouse wall based on CFD

Accession number: 20192307005322

Title of translation: CFD

Authors: Xu, Hongjun (1, 2); Cao, Yanfei (1); Li, Yanrong (2); Alapati (2); Gao, Jie (2); Jiang, Weijie (2); Zou, Zhirong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Corresponding author: Zou, Zhirong(zouzhirong2005@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 175-184

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The performance of greenhouse wall thermal storage and release capacity depends on the characteristics of the wall material and the thickness of the thermal storage layer. Determining the thickness of the solar greenhouse thermal storage layer is of great significance for promoting the improvement of the solar greenhouse wall. Parametric model according to the actual size and correlation of the test greenhouse was created based on the solar radiation and air temperature. Thickness of the wall thermal storage layer in different months was simulated in this study. In this paper, January 9th, February 9th, March 6th, and April 6th, 2018 in Urumqi was selected as typical sunny days. The solar radiation on the greenhouse floor and wall surface were used as the input condition, and the outdoor air temperature was the boundary conditions. The internal temperature field including each depth of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 cm of the greenhouse wall from 9:00 to next day 9:00 were simulated by using Autodesk CFD software. In order to ensure the consistency of CFD geometric models within one day and full release of heat from the greenhouse wall at night, no covering insulation quilt was carried out during the greenhouse test. The accuracy of simulated values was verified by comparing with the measured values. The results showed that the simulation results of the greenhouse wall were agreed well with the test results. The average error of each layer on January 9th, February 9th and March 6th was below 1.5 °C. The error and simulated results lags between the test results and the simulated results on April 6th is large. The trend becomes more pronounced as the depth and wall temperature increased. Under the combined influence of greenhouse wall materials, structures, and light and temperature environments, greenhouse wall heat transfer is a complex unsteady process. The brick wall greenhouse was similar to the soil wall greenhouse. The wall could be divided into “insulation layer, stable layer and heat storage layer”. The thickness of each layer was related to the thermal properties of the wall heat storage material and insulation material. The wall temperature fluctuation was more obvious in the depth range of 0-30 cm according to the temperature field of the wall, the temperature attenuation factor of each layer and the delay time. When the wall depth was more than 30 cm, the greenhouse wall temperature fluctuations was relatively flat and the amplitude is small. As the temperature rose, the internal temperature of the greenhouse wall increased overall, and the temperature fluctuations of the various layers were small. The thickness and fluctuation of the greenhouse heat storage layer were less affected by the external light and temperature environment in the case of the greenhouse structure and insulation performance unchanged. In summary, it was feasible to simulate the change of greenhouse wall temperature field. It was reliable that the thickness of greenhouse wall thermal storage layer determined according to the temperature field variation of greenhouse wall. Solar greenhouse temperature environment dynamic simulation model based on greenhouse structure parameters and environmental parameters also could be established in other regions through the methods provided in this paper. It can provide basis and reference for the improvement and optimization of greenhouse wall structure. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Greenhouses

Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Computer simulation  -  Fluid mechanics  -  Heat storage  -  Heat transfer performance  -  Soil testing  -  Solar heating  -  Solar radiation  -  Storage (materials)   -  Temperature distribution  -  Thermal insulation

Uncontrolled terms: Environmental parameter  -  Insulation performance  -  Outdoor-air temperature  -  Storage layers  -  Temperature environments  -  Temperature field variations  -  Temperature fluctuation  -  Walls

Classification code: 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  694.4 Storage  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 5.00e-01m, Temperature 2.75e+02K

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Science and technology innovation in agricultural engineering under background of rural revitalization strategy

Accession number: 20192307005301

Title of translation:

Authors: Sui, Bin (1, 2); Zhang, Qingdong (1); Zhang, Zhengyao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-10

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to adapt to the task demand of the rural revitalization strategy and promote the science and technology innovation of agricultural engineering, we explicate basic connotation of rural revitalization strategy and summarize the important roles of science and technology innovation of agricultural engineering in promoting the agricultural and rural economy development in recent years. The main roles include: 1) Agricultural mechanization projects improve production efficiency; 2) Agricultural water-soil engineering ensures stable yields despite of drought and waterlogging conditions and improves ecological environment; 3) Land use project increases and optimizes cultivated land resource and raise productivity; 4) Agricultural products storage and processing engineerings promote the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries; 5) Rural energy projects promote green development; 6) Agricultural resource recycling project promotes sustainable development of agriculture; 7) Agricultural construction and biological environmental engineering improves labor productivity and resource utilization; 8) Agricultural and rural informatization project promotes the development of precision agriculture and smart agriculture; and 9) Agricultural and rural planning and design makes scientific plans for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We mainly analyze the new subject of agricultural engineering science and technology innovation from the three aspects of industry revitalization, ecological revitalization and talent revitalization, and put forward the main task of agricultural engineering science and technology innovation and talent cultivation in the new period. The main tasks are: 1) building up systematic thinking, strengthening the role of overall planning and integration, integrating agricultural engineering theories, methods, technologies and equipments, and providing overall, comprehensive and effective solutions; 2) focusing on improving quality and efficiency, promoting agricultural transformation and upgrading, and launching a number of key engineering technologies and equipment; 3) strengthening the concept of circular development, promoting the integration of production, living and ecology, optimizing the spatial structure of agriculture and rural areas and industrial layout, and providing industrial development and engineering solutions for planting and breeding cycles, reduction of inputs, clean production, recycling of wastes, and ecological patterns; 4) improving the application and innovation levels of informatization, promoting the development of digital agriculture and rural informatization, establishing a batch of products with intelligent perception, intelligent control and intelligent service; 5) highlighting the urban-rural integration, integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, functions integration, industries and rural areas integration, agriculture and internet integration, elements integration and collaboration integration, and working out good plans for implementing rural revitalization strategy; and 6) strengthening the academic discipline construction and reform, establishing majors in urgent need and cultivating agricultural engineering and technical personnel who are urgently needed for the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, so as to provide strong support and efficient services for the implementation of the strategy for rural revitalization. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 74

Main heading: Engineering research

Controlled terms: Agricultural engineering  -  Agricultural products  -  Construction equipment  -  Cultivation  -  Ecology  -  Economics  -  Land use  -  Machinery  -  Metal drawing  -  Planning   -  Precision engineering  -  Product design  -  Productivity  -  Rural areas  -  Soil mechanics  -  Sustainable development  -  Water recycling

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural mechanization  -  Agriculture engineering  -  Discipline constructions  -  Ecological environments  -  Integrated development  -  Integration and collaboration  -  Science and Technology  -  Urban-rural integrations

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  405.1 Construction Equipment  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  535.2 Metal Forming  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  912 Industrial Engineering and Management  -  912.2 Management  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Performance test and motion simulation analysis of nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue

Accession number: 20192307005308

Title of translation:

Authors: Shi, Zenglu (1); Tang, Xuepeng (1); Zhen, Jun (2); Yan, Jinshan (1); Zhang, Xuejun (1); Jin, Wei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) College of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xuejun(zhaxjau@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 64-71

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The problem of residual film pollution is serious in the fields of Xinjiang, and the mechanical recycling of residual film is the main recycling method. However, few mechanism can be used to recover the plastic residue of the plough layer. The nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue can recover the plastic residue from the plough layer. Nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue is composed of roller, unloaded plate, nail tooth, end cap, handspike and cam, etc. When the mechanism for collecting plastic residue is operated, the nail tooth pick-up and tie the plastic residue when the nail tooth reach the position of film-brushing roller relative to the film-removing plate, the nail tooth retract relative to the film-removing plate under the cam operation, and the film-removing plate when the nail tooth reach the position of film-removing roller under the cam operation. Under the joint action of the plastic residue brushing roller, the plastic residue is unloaded into the film collecting box, to realize the function of side pick up and unloading. Through the virtual simulation technology, the trajectory of the nail tooth and the speed of the nail tooth are obtained. The nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue is a passive driving method, in which the cam, handspike, unloading plate and the nail tooth interact and the nail tooth is driven by the force of the nail tooth penetrating into the soil. The constraint between roller bearing and cam cannot simply be given a point-line constraint pair, but according to the actual situation, the contact constraint between roller and cam is added, which can better simulate the real motion. For nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue is passive power drive, and nail tooth movement is influenced by roller, and other moving reference frame, the nail tooth movement process of the theoretical calculation is difficult, lack of theoretical basis to carry out the nail tooth type mechanism collecting plastic residue working principle and dynamics analysis. By use of ADAMS, we completed kinematics analysis, and obtained the nail tooth relative to the movement of the ground, and the tooth curves of displacement and velocity. We also completed the prototype trial-manufacture and field experiment. Through analysis, When the nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue operates at a speed of 5 km/h, the rotational speed of the drum is 50.04 r/min, greater than the critical speed of roller 44.61 r/min, and nail tooth relative to the ground track for trochoid, nail tooth into the soil when the resultant velocity direction and vertical direction Angle was 18.1°. The out-earth combined speed paralleled the vertical direction, which is advantageous to the nail tooth into the soil and the smoothly picked plastic residue, meeting the design requirements. Marking points MARKER_76 and MARKER_77 on the tips of adjacent nail teeth were respectively 51.44 and 50.08 mm in length of collecting area when they were put into soil and excavated. The distance between adjacent cycloid lines at the same horizontal position was 59.4 mm, greater than the maximum picking area of 51.44 mm. Field experiments showed that the net collected rat of the deep layer of nail tooth type mechanism for collecting plastic residue was 71.7% and the wrapping rate was 1.52%, which can meet the performance requirements of the tillage residual film scavenging operation. The analysis results provide references for optimizing operation parameters and developing related equipment. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Plastic recycling

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Cams  -  Computer simulation  -  Dynamics  -  Mechanization  -  Motion analysis  -  Optimization  -  Pickups  -  Roller bearings  -  Rollers (machine components)   -  Soils  -  Speed  -  Unloading

Uncontrolled terms: Kinematics analysis  -  Mechanical recycling  -  Motion simulation analysis  -  Moving reference frame  -  Operation parameters  -  Performance requirements  -  Resultant velocities  -  Theoretical calculations

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.52e+00%, Percentage 7.17e+01%, Rotational_Speed 4.46e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+01RPM, Size 5.01e-02m, Size 5.14e-02m, Size 5.94e-02m, Velocity 1.39e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Filling performance analysis and verification of cell-belt rice precision seed-metering based on friction and repeated filling principle

Accession number: 20192307005304

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Cailing (1); Wang, Yali (1); Du, Xin (1); Song, Jiannong (1); Wang, Jicheng (1); Zhang, Fuyin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of soil Machine Plant System Technology, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 29-36

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Precision seeding of rice is key technology to achieve the modernization of rice cultivation. At present, most seeding precision of rice in China is 1 to 7 per hole, which is hard to achieve the requirements of seeding precision. A cell-belt type precision seed-metering device based on friction and repeated filling principle was developed aimed at meeting the production requirement of sowing (2±1) seeds into per hole to solve the problem on the precision seeding of low sowing quantity for hybrid rice seedling production. Structure and working principle of the cell-belt type precision seed-metering device was described, and the result showed the feasibility of precision of the seed-metering device. Structure size of key components was analyzed, included the shape and dimensions of cell, the distribution of cell, the dimensions of cell-belt. The mechanics and kinematics on seed-filling processing mechanism was analyzed, from which the filling conditions was found out. And the factors influenced the filling performance was received, including the angle of cell, velocity of the cell-belt and thickness of seed layer. And this provided theoretical basis for the design of metering device. With the consideration of the motion direction, the resistance and the processing difficulty, the directional angle of cell was designed as 90°, which meant the direction of the long side of the cell was in accordance with the motion direction of the belt. Multiple and repeated seed filling process was simulated. And the single factor tests on the effects of cell-belt velocity, cell-belt inclined angle and seed layer thickness on seed filling performance was performed by EDEM software. It showed that: the leakage rate decreased first and then increased as the increases of the cell-belt velocity; the circulation layer formed and the range of it became larger gradually as increasing the seed layer thickness, which caused the longer of the filling interval and could decrease the leakage rate; the filling interval decreased and leakage rate increased as increasing the cell-belt inclined angle. On this basis, the prototype device was designed in accordance with the parameters of the metering device. According to the tests and the analysis based on the simulation, the optimal conditions were selected for experimental verification. The optimal parameters combination of the cell-belt inclined angle, cell-belt velocity and seed layer thickness was 43°, 0.11 m/s, 50 mm, respectively. The text response parameters of the result were the seed-filling qualified rate (the rate of sowing (2±1) seeds into per hole), the multiple seed rate (the rate of sowing >3 seeds into per hole) and the leakage rate (the rate of sowing 0 seed into per hole), respectively. The result was that: The seed-filling qualified rate, the multiple seed rate, the leakage rate were 96.4%, 1.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Under the same condition, the crushing test was done, and the average of 3 tests result showed that the broken rate was 0.18%, which was enough for the practical production. The cell-belt rice precision seed-metering device based on friction and repeated filling principle could meet the requirements of precision seeding. The research results provide a reference for the design of precision seeding machine for factory plug seedlings. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Cytology

Controlled terms: Cells  -  Computer simulation  -  Crops  -  Filling  -  Finite difference method  -  Friction  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Modernization  -  Pneumatic materials handling equipment   -  Software testing  -  Testing  -  Velocity

Uncontrolled terms: Experimental verification  -  Performance analysis  -  Practical production  -  Precision seed-metering devices  -  Precision seeding  -  Production requirements  -  Seed filling  -  Seed metering devices

Classification code: 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  691.1 Materials Handling Equipment  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.80e-01%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 9.64e+01%, Size 5.00e-02m, Velocity 1.10e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Effects of deficit irrigation on growth, yield and water use of potato plants

Accession number: 20192307005314

Title of translation:

Authors: Cao, Zhengpeng (1); Liu, Yuhui (1); Zhang, Xiaojing (2); Shen, Baoyun (3); Qin, Shuhao (1); Liu, Zhen (1); Wang, Li (4); Li, Chaozhou (4); Zhang, Junlian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic and Germplasm Enhancement/College of Horticulture of Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China; (2) Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi; 743000, China; (3) Gansu Tiaoshan Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Jingtai; 730400, China; (4) College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou; 730070, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Junlian(zhangjunlian77@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 114-123

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to analyze the response of potato varities to water decifit and investigate the differences of potato varities in water demand, the potato varieties ‘Qingshu 9’ and ‘Atlantic’ were treated under five water treatments by referring to the annual average rainfall in the northwest and the experimental area, which was normal irrigation (A) according to the annual average rainfall in the experimental area, and mild (B), moderate (C), severe (D) and extremely severe (E) by level-adjusting deficit irrigation to study the effects of irrigation amounts on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area), biomass and its distribution in organs, leaf relative water content, yield and its component, and water use under drip irrigation condition with rainproof shelter in field. The results showed that compared with deficit irrigation, plant height growth rate and leaf area expansion rate of the two varieties under normal irrigation condition were faster. The growth rate of ‘Qingshu 9’ was higher than that of ‘Atlantic’, and it continued to increase during measuring period, whereas the leaf area of ‘Atlantic’ is 1.72 times larger than that of ‘Qingshu 9’ on the 71st day after sowing, so its single leaf area is larger than ‘Qingshu 9’. During the measured period, the changing trends of organ dry matter of two varieties were not consistent under normal irrigation, the dry matter of all organs of ‘Atlantic’ increased, whereas the dry matter of stems, leaves and root of ‘Qingshu 9’ increased in the early period and decreased in the late period, the tuber dry matter increased significantly (P2•mm) and 130.70% respectively. With the increase of water deficit, the inhibition of plant height, stem diameter and leaf area expansion of ‘Atlantic’ was greater than that of ‘Qingshu 9’, decrease of leaf relative water content of ‘Qingshu 9’ was less than that of ‘Atlantic’. The accumulation rate and absolute value of biomass of two varieties were reduced, resulting in the yield and large tuber rate were significantly decreased (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Plants (botany)

Controlled terms: Biomass  -  Crops  -  Drought  -  Ecology  -  Efficiency  -  Expansion  -  Growth (materials)  -  Irrigation  -  Plant expansion  -  Rain   -  Tubes (components)

Uncontrolled terms: Compensatory effects  -  Deficit irrigation  -  Irrigation efficiency  -  Leaf relative water contents  -  Potato  -  Water use  -  Water-use efficiency  -  Yield

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.31e+02%, Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 4.15e+01%, Percentage 5.80e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.60e+01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Design of root lump loosening mechanism using air jets to eject vegetable plug seedlings

Accession number: 20192307005305

Title of translation:

Authors: Han, Lühua (1, 2); Mao, Hanping (1, 2); Zhao, Huimin (1, 2); Liu, Yang (1, 3); Hu, Jianping (1, 2); Ma, Guoxin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technolog, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) High-tech Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment & Intelligentization of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (3) Mechanical Equipment Research Insistute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi; 832000, China

Corresponding author: Mao, Hanping(maohp@ujs.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 37-45

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: For transplanting vegetables plug seedlings, it is difficult to directly pick up seedlings from the tray cells. Damages of root lumps of plug seedling happen all the time in extracting. In this paper, a root lump loosening mechanism using air jets to eject vegetable plug seedlings making for transplanting was designed and evaluated. It consisted of air jets, a linear module, a double-rod cylinder, a control system and some other supporting parts. The step transmission of the air jet along the horizontal direction was performed using the linear module, which was a synchronous belt system. The air jet’ motion along the vertical direction up and down for ejecting plug seedlings was moved by the double-rod cylinder. For high blowing rates, wholes rows of air jets aiming for each drain hole was designed. In this arrangement, the seedlings could be loosened row by row. With a row of air jets blowing the seedling plugs from the drain holes of the tray cells, air pressures along with the force of the plungers effectively loosened seedlings. It would be good for manual pulling seedlings or automatically picking up seedlings from the tray cells. Based on the integrated design and analysis, the air pressure range of succeeding in loosening seedling plugs was 0.098-0.235 MPa using the air jet at the diameter of 5 mm. Under this condition, the seedlings appeared to be most effective in the loosening and not in destroy of the root soil. Meanwhile, the air jet could eject each drain hole at the bottom of the 128-cell tray. Being the first prototype, its optimal machine parameters were examined under various conditions. In the optimum tests, it was found that the air pressure of the air jet plungers exerted the greatest effect on the integrated ratio in loosening seedling plugs, and followed by the moisture content. Other factors such as the seedling age, the air flow rate and the air jet with sponges or not had no significant effects on the integrated ratio in loosening seedling plugs. In reality, it would probably be a moderate air blast for blowing of the plug seedlings from the tray. If the moisture content of root lumps of the plug seedlings was less than 55%, the cohesion forces between the roots and the tray cell walls would increase. In this case, wetting the roots might serve to reduce the adhesion making for blowing. For cucumbers seedlings, when the air pressure of the air jet plungers was 0.2 MPa, the root zone moisture was 55%-60%, the seedling age was 25 d, the airflow circuit was fully open at the outlet of 4 mm, and the air jet had no sponges, the best intact rate succeeding in loosening root lumps of plug seedlings was achieved. Finally, the overall loosening performance test was carried out. The intact rate of seedling and root lump in loosening root lumps by blowing was more than 96%. It needed about 48 s for finishing loosening the whole tray of plug seedling. The loosening mechanism using air jets to eject vegetable plug seedlings has a good performance, which can meet the actual requirements. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Jets

Controlled terms: Atmospheric pressure  -  Cells  -  Cylinders (shapes)  -  Cytology  -  Design  -  Mechanisms  -  Mechanization  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Optimization   -  Vegetables

Uncontrolled terms: Air jet  -  Loose  -  Orthogonal experiment  -  Plug seedling  -  Root lump

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  601.3 Mechanisms  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Size 4.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m, Time 4.80e+01s, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa, Pressure 9.80e+04Pa to 2.35e+05Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Variations of carbon and nitrogen during anaerobic-aerobic fermentation for co-production of biogas and organic fertilizer using animal manure and straw

Accession number: 20192307005328

Title of translation: -

Authors: Wang, Jian (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Liu, Ye (1, 2); Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Rural Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100121, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100121, China

Corresponding author: Meng, Haibo(menghaibo@caaepd.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 225-231

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In the co-production of biogas and organic fertilizer in traditional biogas engineering, biogas production by anaerobic fermentation and organic fertilizer production by aerobic fermentation are normally separated. Over-consumption of nutrients in the fermented residue often occurs during the biogas production stage while higher biogas yield is required, which consequently influences the subsequent aerobic fermentation stage, resulting in long fermentation period and low qualities of the final products in treating the fermented residue. To shorten the production period of biogas and organic fertilizer and improve the efficiency and quality of biogas and organic fertilizer production, a series of dry anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation tests with the mixed materials of pig manure, chicken manure and straw, were carried out in this study. During the anaerobic fermentation stage, tests of 15-day and 30-day fermentation periods were carried out. During the aerobic fermentation stage, tests of 65% and 70% moisture contents of the initial fermented staff, and 15-day fermentation period were set. The results showed that the daily biogas yield increased gradually from the 1st day to 8th day during the anaerobic fermentation stage, then decreased to less than 50% of the peak value on the 15th day. On the 15th day, the cumulative biogas yield reached 71% of 30-day anaerobic fermentation and the average daily volumetric gas yield reached 1.91 m3/(m3d), which was 41.5% higher than that of 30-day anaerobic fermentation. During the aerobic fermentation stage, concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) in each treatment decreased continuously, and concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) decreased firstly and then increased slightly. Based on electrical conductivities, humification degrees and germination indexes in the final fermented products, higher organic fertilizer qualities were gained when using 15-day anaerobic fermented biogas residues. Moreover, concentrations of TOC and TN were also higher in the final fermented products made from 15-day anaerobic fermented biogas residues than those made from 30-day anaerobic fermented biogas residues. Moisture contents of the initial aerobic fermented staff had little influences on the qualities of final fermented products. In conclusion, adjusting the periods of both anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation for 15 days, can shorten the fermentation period, increase the biogas production efficiencies and the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen elements significantly in final fermented products, and improve the operation efficiency and cost-effectiveness of biogas industry. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Fermentation

Controlled terms: Biogas  -  Carbon  -  Cost effectiveness  -  Efficiency  -  Mammals  -  Manures  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Nitrogen  -  Nitrogen fertilizers   -  Organic carbon  -  Straw

Uncontrolled terms: Aerobic fermentation  -  Anaerobic fermentation  -  Carbon and nitrogen  -  Electrical conductivity  -  Fermentation periods  -  Operation efficiencies  -  Organic fertilizers  -  Total Organic Carbon

Classification code: 804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  911.2 Industrial Economics  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Age 4.11e-02yr, Age 8.22e-02yr, Percentage 4.15e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.10e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Influence of Reynolds number and interfacial contamination degree on hydrodynamic characteristic of bubble

Accession number: 20192307005312

Title of translation:

Authors: Pang, Mingjun (1, 2); Fei, Yang (1, 2); Chen, Xiaohong (1, 2); Guo, Yuchen (1); Xu, Mengqin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou; 213164, China; (2) Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment, Changzhou University, Changzhou; 213164, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 99-105

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The bubble flow is extensively encountered in natural and industrial fields. For the majority of bubbly flows, the liquid phase is more or less polluted, which causes the change of the interfacial state of the bubble. The state of the bubble interface has the significant effect on hydrodynamic properties around the bubble. Furthermore, the changed flow field around the bubble directly influences the heat and mass transfer properties between the bubble and the liquid phases too. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply investigate the influence of interface contaminated degree on the dynamic properties of the bubble. In this paper, a bubble with the diameter of d is considered to be suspended in a rectangular region and the fluid flows around it with the velocity of U. As for the size of the region, the distances between the bubble center and the inlet, the outlet and the region wall are 5, 12 and 7 d, respectively. In view of the physical environment of the bubble, the bubble Reynolds number is not lager than 200, and thus the flow structure exhibits the two-dimensional properties. So the axisymmetric field can be used as the computational region, and thus the computational cost can drop greatly. Considering the contaminated degree of the bubble surface, the stagnant cap model is used. With this model, the interface contaminated degree is controlled artificially by changing boundary conditions (such as the interfacial velocity and the tangential stress) directly on the bubble surface. The cap angle, measuring from the rear stagnant point to the front edge of the contaminated interface, is used to describe the interface contaminated degree. In order to understand physical phenomena deeply, the computational cases as many as possible are designed. The cape angles representing the interfacial pollution degree are respectively designated as 0, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, 150°, 165° and 180°, and the bubble Reynolds numbers are selected as 20, 40, 75, 100, 150 and 200. For the present investigation, the quadrilateral grids are used to discretize the computational field. And the non-uniform grids are used in the radial direction so as to well capture flow properties near the bubble. Thus, the closer to the bubble surface the grids are, the smaller the radial grids size is. Based on the present conditions, it is fully investigated and analyzed on the influence of interfacial contamination degree on interfacial physical parameters (such as the tangential velocity, pressure, tangential stress and vorticity) and overall motion characteristics (such as the wake and drag coefficient) under different bubble Reynolds numbers. The present investigations show that, for any bubble Reynolds number, the influence of interfacial pollution levels on the physical parameters are similar, and the interfacial physical parameters have an abrupt change near the cap angle. The influences of interface contamination levels on the overall motion characteristics of the bubble are related to the bubble Reynolds number. It seems that the smaller the bubble Reynolds number is, the drag coefficient is more sensitive to the interfacial pollution level. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Interface states

Controlled terms: Bubbles (in fluids)  -  Contamination  -  Drag  -  Drag coefficient  -  Flow of fluids  -  Hydrodynamics  -  Mass transfer  -  Pollution  -  Reynolds number

Uncontrolled terms: Bubbly flow  -  Cap models  -  Contamination degree  -  Heat and mass transfer  -  Hydrodynamic characteristics  -  Hydrodynamic properties  -  Interfacial velocities  -  Motion characteristics

Classification code: 631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  631.1.2 Gas Dynamics  -  641.3 Mass Transfer  -  931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity  -  932 High Energy Physics; Nuclear Physics; Plasma Physics

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Optimization of stumping method based on wind control benefit for Salix psammophila shrub in Mu Us sandy land

Accession number: 20192307005319

Title of translation:

Authors: Pei, Zhiyong (1); Duan, Guangdong (1); Hao, Shaorong (1); Qiao, Jingwei (1); Qin, Wei (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Energy and Transportion Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) Municipal & Road & Bridge Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Technical College of Construction, Hohhot; 010070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 153-161

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of shrub decline in Mu Us sandy land, ecological flat stumping method was designed to make the shrub stay the characteristic of plexus structure sustainably. The wind field structure and wind control benefit of Salix psammophila in different stump method were studied. Then the theoretical guidance can be provided to Mu Us sandy land in the future. Up to date, few studies are conducted to investigate the wind field structure and wind control benefit of shrub in Mu Us sandy land. The test set includes 6 kinds of flat stump intensity (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, where is fluffy diameter of shrub), 3 kinds of flat stump model (model A: stump from the shrub windward face to leeward according to the flat stump intensity along the direction, model B: stump on both sides of the shrub at the same time according to the flat stump intensity along the direction, model C: stump on both sides of the shrub at the same time from the shrub’s middle 1/2 faults according to the flat stump intensity along the direction the same below) to stay the exist of the characteristics of the shrub structure sustainably. The morphological parameters of dune were measured, and the redundant natural vegetation will influence the test. The other indexes of the shrub and the wind’s indexes which were also measured relatively. Relationship between morphological parameters and wind control benefit of the shrub after stumping was analyzed, then the best method of stump can be elected according to the result. The test result showed: there were no significant changes for shrub’s morphological parameters and the wind control benefits of both mode A and mode B within the range of 0-0.4 of the stumping intensity. However, according to the wind control benefits, mode B is better than mode A when the stumping intensity is 0-0.4. When the stumping intensity was 0.6 and above of which, the speed of wind decreased significantly on the leeward side, and the wind control’s distance shortened gradually in all 3 modes. The stumping intensity of 0.4 was a critical point of the mutation. According to this research and comparison with the other studies, there were unity between the morphological parameters and wind control benefit of the shrub, and the change of morphological parameters decided the wind control benefit immediately. Flow structure will change obviously when the stumping more than 0.4. In addition, in spring, when the branches and leaves of Salix psammophila were not yet unfolded, there also was a significant correlation between the wind control benefits and each morphological parameters and the porosity of shrub, but the correlation within the wind control benefits and porosity of shrub was the biggest, which indicated that the morphological parameter that performed the greatest impact on wind control benefits was porosity of shrub. It was also found that a reasonable stumping method was following: Salix psammophila shrubs on fixed dunes should be stumped with mode B, and the stumping intensity was recommended to be 0.4. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Porosity

Controlled terms: Agricultural engineering  -  Agriculture  -  Erosion  -  Optimization  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Morphological parameters  -  Natural vegetation  -  Protection benefit  -  Salix psammophila  -  Stumping  -  Test sets  -  Wind field

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Study on heating effect of air source heat pump for floor heating of nursery pig house in Beijing

Accession number: 20192307005325

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Meizhi (1); Yi, Lu (1); Liu, Jijun (1); Yang, Lele (2); Chen, Zhaohui (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Dezhou Canxin Air Conditioning Equipment Co., Ltd., Dezhou; 253000, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Zhonghong(wuzhh@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 203-210

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the importance of environmental protection, “2+26” cities in China have been banned from coal heating, and pig farms urgently need to find a low-cost heating way of energy saving and emission reduction. Air source heat pump is a kind of energy saving device by inputting a small amount of highgrade energy (electric energy) to achieve the goal that the heat flows from low-grade thermal energy (air) to high -grade thermal energy (such as water, oil, etc.). As a clean energy, air can be selected as a kind of heating energy but air source heat pump can also be affected by outdoor temperature and related technical factors. In order to understand heating effect of air source heat pump for floor heating of pig house, one nursery pig house in Beijing was selected to be the experimental pig house. The experimental pig house was 42 m long and 9.3 m wide and floor heating area was 42 m×5.7 m. Two air source heat pumps (5P) were installed to the heating system of the nursery pig house with floor heating, and the thermal environment indexes of the heating system were monitored and analyzed. There were 12 pipes for supply water and other 12 pipes for return water in the heating floor. The test was divided into two periods, the equipment performance monitoring period and the pig house thermal environment effect test period. Equipment performance monitoring period: November 20th, 2016-April 16th, 2017. The pig house thermal environment effect test period was divided into two stages. The first stage (January 3rd, 2017-January 8th, 2017): pig house with pig test (two units). The second stage (January 9th, 2017-January 20th, 2017): pig house with no pig test (empty pig unit - unit 2). The results showed that the outdoor minimum and maximum temperatures were -11.0 and 12.1 during the test period, respectively. In the floor heating pig house, there was a positive linear correlation between the ground temperature and the supply water temperature, the correlation between the ground temperature and the outdoor temperature also indicated a positive linear correlation. However, the correlation between the ground temperature and the heating distance showed a negative correlation. When the actual system supply water temperature was 32.5-41.2, the 0.3 m height temperature range in the pig house of two units with pigs at measuring point P3 and measuring point P6 (the two measuring points were in the middle of the pig house) was 19.4-21.5. When the actual system supply water temperature was 30.0-41.0, the ground temperature range at measuring point T1 (the nearest measuring points to the water distributor, 24 m of distance from the water distributor) and measuring point T6 (the farthest measuring points to the water distributor, 60 m of distance from the water distributor) in the pig house without pigs was 19.1-28.6. The actual system water supply temperature was 1.8-4.0 lower than the setting temperature during the test period. During experimental period of stage 2, the ground temperature at measuring point T1 in Unit 2 in the pig house without pigs was lower than the actual supply water temperature by 8.3-13.1, and the ground temperature of measuring point T6 decreased by 0.5-1.8 compared with the ground temperature of measuring point T1 and the difference between the two measuring points was 36 m. Moreover, the average temperature at 0.3 m height decreased by 5.0 compared with the average ground temperature, but there was no obvious change in temperature at different heights above 0.3 m. As for Beijing, the average outdoor temperature was 0.1 in heating period, the recommended setting temperature and actual supply water temperature for nursery pig house should be 43-32 and 40.6-29.9, respectively. The air source heat pump heating system was suitable for the nursery pig houses with floor heating system in Beijing. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Air source heat pumps

Controlled terms: Atmospheric temperature  -  Emission control  -  Energy conservation  -  Floors  -  Heating  -  Heating equipment  -  Houses  -  Pumps  -  Space heating  -  Temperature   -  Thermal energy  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Floor heating  -  Heat pumps  -  Nursery pig house  -  Supply water temperature  -  Thermal environment

Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers  -  402.3 Residences  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  618.2 Pumps  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  643.1 Space Heating

Numerical data indexing: Size 2.40e+01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.60e+01m, Size 4.20e+01m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 9.30e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Research on rural residential area layout optimization based on spatial combination characteristics

Accession number: 20192307005333

Title of translation:

Authors: Luo, Zhijun (1); Zhao, Yue (1); Li, Yating (2); Lin, Xiaoxia (3); Song, Ju (1); Yuan, Hao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Academy of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang; 330045, China; (2) College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an; 710000, China; (3) Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Yuanzhou District Agriculture Bureau, Yichun; 336028, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 265-272

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to scientifically divide the types of rural settlements, and to guide the optimization of rural residential layouts in the construction of new rural areas, this article takes Binjiang Town, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City as an example, and uses ArcGIS and other software to adopt the model of minimum resistance and field strength. The method has carried out a number of evaluations on various rural settlements, obtained various spatial analysis and evaluation results, and then combined the evaluation results, and based on this, divided the types of rural settlements according to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, targeted development of the corresponding spatial layout optimization strategy. The results show that the topographical geomorphic resistance of the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town is higher in the south than in the north; the land resistance is higher in the northwest; the disaster resistance is lower in the south and the north is higher, the comprehensive resistance of the location factors is higher in the south and lower in the north; the comprehensive resistance is in the middle and the north is lower; the south is higher. The areas with higher nodularity index are mainly distributed in the central and northern parts, such as Hengshan Village, Yingshan Village and Xiatang Village; the areas with higher field strength are mainly distributed in the northern towns, such as Dapu Village and Sheshu Village; Based on the integration of the above research results, the rural residential areas in Binjiang Town are divided into urban expansion type, rapid development type, control development type and migration combination type, with areas of 1.15, 4.94, 0.56 and 0.79 km2, respectively. According to the characteristics of different types of rural settlements, different layout optimization strategies and development suggestions are proposed. Urban expansion rural settlements can improve the infrastructure conditions and achieve the healthy development of urbanization by formulating corresponding support policies; rapid development rural residents need to be differentiated. For rural residential areas with urbanization potential, they should support their development while preventing the disorderly expansion of cities and towns. For more remote rural residential areas, they need to pay attention to their development coordination; Rural residential areas should pay attention to the protection of the environment, improve the rural landscape and living environment, and orderly exit the abandoned residential sites; migration and merged rural residential areas can be transferred to areas with convenient transportation and good economies of scale. It can save land resources and protect the ecological environment. Areas with better development conditions can carry out investment promotion and industrial upgrading, attract nearby labor, and avoid the phenomenon of “hollowing”. Under the background of “Rural the Countryside” strategy, the layout problem of rural residential areas has become an inevitable and necessary problem in the construction of new rural areas. Reasonable optimization of layout can provide farmers with various conveniences and guarantee rural social and economic development. While protecting the rural ecological environment, this study can provide reference for the optimization of the layout of rural residential areas. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Rural areas

Controlled terms: Ecology  -  Economics  -  Housing  -  Investments  -  Land use  -  Optimization  -  Planning

Uncontrolled terms: Binjiang Town  -  Field strengths  -  Minimum resistance  -  Protection of the environments  -  Rural ecological environments  -  Rural residential areas  -  Social and economic development  -  Spatial layout optimizations

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  403.1 Urban Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  912.2 Management  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Area 5.60e+05m2, Area 7.90e+05m2

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Definition and threshold measurement of narrow land development intensity in province scale based on coordinated development

Accession number: 20192307005332

Title of translation:

Authors: Yan, Jinming (1); Yakufu, Dilishati (1); Xia, Fangzhou (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing; 100872, China

Corresponding author: Xia, Fangzhou(xiafangzhou@ruc.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 255-264

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has become a major national strategy. Hebei Province in China, is not only the key bearing of the extracted non- capital function and where Xiong’an New District is situated, but also the crucial “short board” for the expected cooperation, demanding urgently to overcome various shortcomings, to undertake industries and to accelerate local development. Previous studies have directly or indirectly defined land development intensity as the ratio of the construction land area to the total area within a region, designating the area of the construction land as the numerator and the regional land area as the denominator. However, due to the constraints of natural conditions, development planning of ecological red line protection and arable land protection, part of the land within a region is not suitable for exploitation and utilization. Taking account of these limitations, in this paper, we adjusted the numerator and the denominator of the original land development intensity and tried to propose the concept of “narrowed threshold of land use intensity”, which was defined as the ratio of the size of regional construction land to the natural land area suitable for construction. The threshold was the theoretical maximum under the red line constraint of ecological and farming policy in the region. The scale of development and construction accounts for the proportion of natural conditions suitable for the construction of land area. Taking Hebei Province as an example, we measured the current status, situation value and threshold of the narrow-scale land development intensity of the province, and proposed the feedback adjustment of the narrow development intensity threshold under the expected correction. Through defining the “narrowed threshold of land use intensity”, we measured the largest demanded area of construction land in Hebei Province under the background of natural growth and industrial transfer, as well as the suitable development and construction area constricted by natural conditions and development planning. The result showed that narrow development intensity threshold in Hebei Province was 52.32%. Under the ideal prediction of safeguarding regional self-development and industrial transfer for construction land use, the province’s narrow-scale land development intensity situation value in 2030 was 29.34%, which narrow-scale land development intensity in 2016 current situation was 26.79%, and the adjacent threshold coefficient was 0.56, which in 2016 was 0.51. Facing the relatively limited land use intensity threshold, it was suggested that Hebei Province should take the suitability evaluation of land space development and construction as the foundation, combine the reasonable demand of urbanization and industrialization and the requirements of ecological space protection, rationally arrange the transfer industry from Beijing and Tianjin, implement land agglomeration development and classified protection, as well as optimize the pattern of land space development, in order to provide land resource protection for realizing the optimal utilization and major development of Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei region. Furthermore, this paper provides reference for the implementation of provincial land use planning strategy and regional policy guidance in Hebei Province. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Land use

Controlled terms: Ecology  -  Industry  -  Laser beam welding  -  Models  -  Petroleum reservoir evaluation  -  Space research

Uncontrolled terms: Beijing-tianjin-hebei regions  -  Coordinated development  -  Land development intensities  -  Regional constructions  -  Situation value  -  Suitability evaluation  -  Threshold  -  Threshold measurements

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  538.2.1 Welding Processes  -  656.2 Space Research

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.68e+01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 5.23e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Optimization simulation of medium- and large-scale biogas projects and its evaluation of economic and environmental efficiency

Accession number: 20192307005329

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhong, Sheng (1, 2); Niu, Shuwen (1, 2); Qiu, Xin (1, 2); Wang, Yipeng (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou; 730000, China

Corresponding author: Niu, Shuwen(shuwenn@lzu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 232-240

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, with the continuous development of Chinese agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization, the traditional household biogas has been gradually replaced by more efficient medium and large-scale biogas system. Medium and large-scale biogas system can provide biogas as stable and clean cooking energy for rural residents depending on centralized utilization of agricultural organic wastes. It has a good impact on the indoor and outdoor environment in rural areas, and is in line with the requirements of the transformation of China’s rural energy structure. Further, it is a new trend for the development of rural energy in China. In this paper, the cost-benefit analysis method is used to quantify the economic and environmental benefits of these medium and large-scale biogas systems investigated by the author. Then, according to the internal rate of return (IRR) of each original system, these original systems is divided into three levels: the first level system-the better economic benefit (the IRR is greater than the discount rate 0.08), the second level system-the general economic benefit (the IRR is less than the discount rate 0.08, but more than 0), the tertiary level system-poor economic benefits (the IRR is less than 0). After considering the scale, benefits, conditions and the necessity of optimization of different levels of systems, the optimization measures are formulated to meet the needs of reality in different levels. The results show that: 1) The environmental benefit of the original system before optimization is generally good. Among them, carbon emission reduction is the most significant. In order of project scale from large to small (Baishuzhuang community, Nanan community, Tianma community, Shangzhai village, Shiyang village, Lianwang village, Yuepu village, Yezhao village, Xiaoguoyuan village), carbon emission reduction can reach 269 427.94, 230 788.18, 237 299.61, 231 344.26, 103 604.36, 81 050.29, 79 047.68, 90 434.88, 36 584.20 kg per year, respectively. 2) There are great differences in economic benefits before optimization, and the internal rates of return are as follows:-7%, -3%, -3%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 7%, 14%, 12%, which shows that the larger the scale is, the more uneconomical it is. 3) With the discount rate of 0.08 and the 0 as the stratified points, the original system is divided into three levels to optimize according to the internal rates of return of each system. 4) In the first-level system, the economic benefits of the two projects (Yezhao village and Xiaoguoyuan village) are already good. After optimization, the economic benefits decreased by 1.50% and 1.51%, respectively, but the carbon emission reduction increased by 112.88% and 134.43%, respectively. The overall optimization results are remarkable. 5) In the four projects (Shangzhai village, Shiyang village, Lianwang village, Yuepu village) of the second-level system, because the internal rate of return is more than 8%, the economic benefits are upgraded from general to good. In addition, the environmental benefit increased by 88.16%, 100.02%, 103.22%, 109.09%, respectively. The optimization effect is also remarkable. 6) In the third-level system (Baishuzhuang community, Nanan community, Tianma community), the internal rate of return of most projects becomes positive after optimization, and the economic benefits are upgraded from no to general, while the environmental benefit increases by 116.36%, 123.92% and 101.19%, respectively. The overall optimization results are good. 7) The main measure of optimization is to cut down the operating cost, but the reality is more complicated, so the local conditions should be adapted to local conditions, and the optimization measures should be chosen flexibly. 8) Those large-scale systems need to actively refer to the national biogas project construction plan and strictly control the cost when building it. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Economic and social effects

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Biogas  -  Carbon  -  Cost benefit analysis  -  Earnings  -  Emission control  -  Environmental management  -  Environmental protection  -  Large scale systems  -  Rural areas   -  Waste utilization

Uncontrolled terms: Biogas projects  -  Comprehensive benefit  -  Cooking energies  -  Environmental control  -  Multilevel optimization

Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  522 Gas Fuels  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics  -  911.2 Industrial Economics  -  961 Systems Science  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Mass 5.84e+02kg, Percentage -3.00e+00%, Percentage -7.00e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.01e+02%, Percentage 1.03e+02%, Percentage 1.09e+02%, Percentage 1.13e+02%, Percentage 1.16e+02%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.24e+02%, Percentage 1.34e+02%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 1.51e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 7.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 8.82e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Selection of sensitive canopy structure parameters and spectral diagnostic model for lodging intensity of winter wheat

Accession number: 20192307005321

Title of translation:

Authors: Shu, Meiyan (1, 2, 3, 4); Gu, Xiaohe (1, 2, 3); Sun, Lin (4); Zhu, Jinshan (4); Yang, Guijun (1, 2, 3); Wang, Yancang (5)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing in Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Research Center forInformation Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Agriculture Internet of Things, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) College of Surveying Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao; 266590, China; (5) College of Computer and Remote Sensing Information Technology, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang; 065000, China

Corresponding author: Gu, Xiaohe(guxh@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 168-174

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, the changes of canopy structure and response mechanism of canopy spectral are not clear on winter wheat under lodging stress. Therefore, in this paper lodging winter wheat at the filling stage was taken as study object, the canopy structural parameters derived from the ratio of canopy stem, leaf and ear with different lodging strength were extracted. The correlation between the canopy structural parameters and lodging angle was analyzed, and the sensitive canopy structural parameters were selected to express lodging strength. The traditional spectral transform and the continuous wavelet transform were adopted to process the canopy hyperspectral data of lodging winter wheat. The bands and wavelet coefficients sensitive to canopy structural parameters were selected. The response model between canopy structural parameters of lodging winter wheat and hyperspectral characteristics parameters were constructed by partial least squares regression (PLSR) method, and the accuracy of the model was verified by field samples (28 samples for the modeling set, and 13 samples for the verification set). The results showed that the spectral curves of winter wheat with various lodging strengths had similar variation characteristics, and the wavelength bands of the troughs and peaks were roughly the same. Throughout the band interval, the spectral reflectance was expressed as: severe lodging > moderate lodging > mild lodging >not lodging. The first-order differential spectral reflectance of winter wheat increased with the increase of lodging degree, which indicated that the more severe the lodging, the more significant the change of the original reflectance data of the canopy spectrum. The correlation between stem-leaf ratio and lodging angle was the highest (R=-0.687, P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Crops

Controlled terms: Disasters  -  Forecasting  -  Least squares approximations  -  Reflection  -  Remote sensing  -  Wavelet transforms

Uncontrolled terms: Continuous Wavelet Transform  -  Determination coefficients  -  First-order differentials  -  Hyper-spectral characteristics  -  HyperSpectral  -  Lodging  -  Partial least squares regressions (PLSR)  -  Winter wheat

Classification code: 821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.3 Mathematical Transformations  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.46e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. All components resourcing system of rural garbage based on post-gather automatic sorting and disposal technology and its application

Accession number: 20192307005331

Title of translation:

Authors: Ren, Yue (1); Yang, Junjie (1); Cao, Hongjun (1, 2); Zhang, Qiuyan (3); Liu, Qian (4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao; 266100, China; (2) Management College of Ocean University of China, Qingdao; 266100, China; (3) Qingdao Fuchuang Environment Technology Co. Ltd., Qingdao; 266100, China; (4) College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao; 266100, China

Corresponding author: Cao, Hongjun(chj@ouc.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 248-254

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the rural living garbage processing problems, we independently developed a unique technology of clean and comprehensive utilization of rural garbage resources, referred to as PGAS technology. Based on modern biodegradation and automatic sorting, we built a complete industrial chain with mixed domestic waste as mineral raw material. The garbage trucks transport rural garbage and directly discharged into the hopper. Quickly biofilm is sprayed to deodorize garbage, then the garbage bags are teared at the same time of feeding. At the transportation, we utilize magnetic and eddy current sorting to get metal products and residues, while the residue will be transferred into the tearing machine and the biological treatment silo, where the raw garbage is mixed by composite bacteria liquid and enzyme liquid. The organic pus would be pumped to anaerobic fermentation system, while the residue would be alternatively tearing through broken drum to main sorting system. By our innovated equipment, we obtain inorganic material as sand and glass, pulp and sundries like bamboo textiles, and pure plastic at last. The products would be further processing to industrial materials as required of market. The sand and gravel glass and other inorganic materials can produce hollow blocks, paving brick and sponge brick. The pulp would change to the pulp products which can be directly used for producing cardboard and corrugated paper. The plastic can be packaged directly to sale, or be used in oil refining, even can be further sorted to monomer plastic, such as PE, and to produce particles. The slurry is pumped into the biogas tank for producing the methane gas through anaerobic fermentation system, which can be reused as energy. And the slurry after anaerobic fermentation, through evaporation, can be sprayed into powder or granular fertilizer. This technology subverted the traditional mode of rural waste disposal, which is the only comprehensive utilization of rural garbage with all components. The whole processing line is close with no smelly gas. There is no sewer in the whole plant with no waste water emissions, the water is in circulation. There is no operator in the whole plant, the sorting is automatic. Take the PGAS demonstration project in Yuanqu County, Shanxi Province as an example. The project was completed in 2017 and has been put into operation for 1 year with a processing capacity of 100 t/d. The radiation area includes 2 towns and 3 townships with about 100 000 people. According to this waste plant’s operation data, treating 1 ton waste by PGAS, we can obtain the average amount of 65 kg organic fertilizer, 105 kg pulp, 124 kg plastic, 133 kg waste derived fuel, 135 kg sand, 55 kg methane and 11 kg metal. The cost is about 180 yuan, and the output value is about 325 yuan. The investment cost is nearly 40% less than that of incineration. After the sewage treatment, the removal rate of various pollution factors reaches 88.76% on average, which is used for recycling. It is proved that this technology can improve the efficiency of waste disposal. This technology has considerable economic benefits, is environmentally friendly, and has high promotion value. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Waste disposal

Controlled terms: Biodegradation  -  Bioremediation  -  Brick  -  Costs  -  Economics  -  Enzymes  -  Fermentation  -  Fertilizers  -  Garbage trucks  -  Glass   -  Investments  -  Liquids  -  Methane  -  Mining laws and regulations  -  Petroleum refining  -  Pulp refining  -  Rural areas  -  Sewage treatment  -  Sorting  -  Waste incineration   -  Wastes

Uncontrolled terms: Anaerobic fermentation  -  Automatic sorting  -  Biological treatment  -  Comprehensive utilizations  -  Demonstration project  -  Disposal technologies  -  Processing capacities  -  Rural waste disposals

Classification code: 414.2 Brick Materials  -  452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal  -  454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  461.8 Biotechnology  -  502 Mines and Quarry Equipment and Operations  -  513.1 Petroleum Refining, General  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  811.1.1 Papermaking Processes  -  812.3 Glass  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.00e+00yr, Mass 1.05e+02kg, Mass 1.10e+01kg, Mass 1.24e+02kg, Mass 1.33e+02kg, Mass 1.35e+02kg, Mass 5.50e+01kg, Mass 6.50e+01kg, Mass 9.07e+02kg, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.05e+00kg/s, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 8.88e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Structural design and process parameter optimization of heat pump drying system of wheel dehumidification for Pleurotus eryngii

Accession number: 20192307005334

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Jiaoling (1); Song, Weidong (1); Jin, Chengqian (1); Ding, Tianhang (1); Wang, Mingyou (1); Wu, Jinji (1); Liu, Zichang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China

Corresponding author: Song, Weidong(songwd@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 273-280

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Common methods of drying have three ways: radiation, conduction and convection. Convective drying has been widely used due to its simple equipment and wide application range. The parameters that can be optimized are temperature, wind speed and humidity, but the temperature has an upper limit in each drying stage. Exceeding the upper limit will destroy the quality of agricultural products. It’s not conducive to sufficient heat exchange between wind and material if exceeding the optimum air volume. The humidity is unrestricted for most of the drying period. Low humidity can increase the drying rate and, so humidity is an ideal adjustment parameter. Wheel dehumidification is a common mode in solid dehumidification. However, the traditional wheel dehumidifier has problems such as high energy consumption and unreasonable structure, while heat pump has limited deep dehumidification capacity, but the energy saving effect. In view of the above problems, in this paper, we proposed a model of wheel dehumidifying and for the problems of high energy consumption and unsuitable for drying of agricultural products based on traditional structure of wheel dehumidifying, the optimization design of the dehumidifying structure and the dehumidification system was carried out. Firstly, a conversion mechanism was set up to solve the problem of reasonable conversion between fresh air and circulating air to realize energy-saving drying. Secondly, the surface cooler was replaced by an evaporator and a condenser was set up to recycle the energy. The heat released from the condenser was used to heat dry the inlet air or to regenerate the dehumidification wheel. In order to test and improve the performance of the wheel and heat pump combined dryer, in this paper, we took the sliced Pleurotus eryngii as the research object, and aimed to reduce the color difference of the Pleurotus eryngii, specific power consumption and improve the rehydration, using Box-Benhnken. In the central combined experimental design theory, we carried out three-factor and three-level response surface tests on three factors that affected the drying quality and energy consumption, such as regeneration temperature, dry temperature and conversion point relative humidity. Data analysis was carried out and the response surface mathematical model was established. The four-dimensional renderings was used to analyze the influence mechanism of the above three indicators on the changes of the three test factors. The results showed that the R2 was near to 1and the test factors had a great influence on the drying quality and energy consumption. The order of importance of each factor to rehydration was dry temperature > regeneration temperature > conversion point relative humidity, the order of importance to aberration was regeneration temperature > conversion point relative humidity > drying temperature, the important influence order on SPC was dry temperature > regeneration temperature > conversion point relative humidity. The lower regeneration temperature resulted in the lower drying temperature, the higher rehydration ratio, and the lower relative humidity of the converse. The lower drying temperature, the smaller the relative humidity of the conversion point, and the lower chromatic aberration, and vice versa. The regeneration temperature, the drying temperature and the conversion point relative humidity to SPC showed a trend of low first and then high. When the regeneration temperature was 87 , the drying temperature is 50 , and the relative humidity of the conversion point was 45%. The rehydration ratio of Pleurotus eryngii was 4.028, the color difference was 22.89, SPC was 2633 kJ/kg, and the error between the predicted and absolute value was less than 6 percentage point. This study explored the critical dehumidification mechanism based on enthalpy point and improved the wheel dehumidification structure, and formulated the optimum dehumidification drying process of Pleurotus eryngii. The results can provide the basis for the design of wheel dehumidification and HPD combined dryer and the optimization of drying process. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Aberrations  -  Agricultural products  -  Color  -  Colorimetry  -  Dryers (equipment)  -  Energy conservation  -  Energy utilization  -  Heat pump systems  -  Humidity control  -  Problem solving   -  Product design  -  Pumps  -  Quality control  -  Structural design  -  Surface properties  -  Wheels  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Conduction and convections  -  Dehumidification system  -  Heat pumps  -  High energy consumption  -  Pleurotus eryngii  -  Process parameter optimization  -  Regeneration temperature  -  Specific power consumption

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components  -  618.2 Pumps  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  941.4 Optical Variables Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.50e+01%, Specific_Energy 2.63e+06J/kg

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Development of rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine with high efficiency in pumping station

Accession number: 20192307005310

Title of translation:

Authors: Hen, Jun (1, 2); Qiu, Baoyun (1); Yan, Tianxu (1); Liu, Di (1); Zhang, Cai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225127, China; (2) Jiangsu Water Conservancy Machinery Co., Ltd., Yangzhou; 225003, China

Corresponding author: Qiu, Baoyun(byqiu@yzu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 81-87

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In the past decades, China had rapid economic development accompanied by a large number of garbage production, eventually most of them converge in various rivers. In order to protect the normal operation of the pumping station, it is required that the trash rack of the pumping station can be cleaned in time. Due to the structural defects, the conventional rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine has low waste clean efficiency, high leakage rate of the waste and high failure rate of equipment, which affects the normal operation of the sewage interception and cleaning equipment and pumping station units. In order to improve the reliability and efficiency of the cleaning equipment, the structure of the conventional rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine is improved and optimized. The walking mode of the roller convex rail and the limit device are advanced on the rack traction chain to avoid the derailment of the chain and improve the positioning accuracy of the rack. On this basis, the rack bar section is changed from rectangle to diamond arrow type, and the rack teeth are changed from triangle to plate type. The plate tooth surface is supported by a triangular stiffened plate, and the tooth harrow pipe is changed from a circular pipe to a rectangular one, which enhances the load-carrying capacity of the single harrow tooth and the bending strength of the tooth harrow. It has been realized that the harrow teeth, the tooth harrow and the rack are precisely matched with each other, the adhesive blockage of the rack is reduced, the overload of harrow tooth and harrow pipe is avoided by cutting off the dragging weeds in front of the rack in the initial cleaning stage, and the broken accidents of harrow tooth and harrow tube are avoided, also. 2-3 pieces of split structure trash rack are used in the wide single-hole trash rack to facilitate the lifting, maintenance and replacement of the grid. Side dirt guide plates and bottom arc front rack are used to clean the trash accumulating at the pier beam and bottom of the rack and improve the trash-cleaning efficiency at the sides and bottom. The application results show that through structure improvement, the operation reliability and the trash-cleaning efficiency of the rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine has been improved, the equipment failure rate and maintenance cost has been reduced, the water level difference before and after the trash rack has been reduced also, and therefore, the operation reliability and the efficiency of the pump station have been improved. Compared with the conventional rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine, the improved rotary sewage interceptor and cleaning machine has higher reliability, increases the cleaning efficiency by more than 30%, reduces the average water level difference before and after the trash interception grid from 60 cm to less than 10 cm, and reduces the operation cost of the pumping station by about 184 thousand yuan. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 19

Main heading: Cleaning

Controlled terms: Adhesives  -  Agricultural machinery  -  Bending strength  -  Cost reduction  -  Efficiency  -  Failure analysis  -  Maintainability  -  Plates (structural components)  -  Pumping plants  -  Pumps   -  Sewage  -  Water levels

Uncontrolled terms: Cleaning efficiency  -  Cleaning equipments  -  Cleaning machine  -  Economic development  -  Operation reliability  -  Positioning accuracy  -  Structural improvements  -  Structure improvement

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  446 Waterworks  -  452.1 Sewage  -  618.2 Pumps  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  913.5 Maintenance

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Development of low power-consumption multi-helical rotavator for small vertical-shaft deep-cultivator

Accession number: 20192307005309

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yunwu (1, 2); Zhang, Guoyong (1); Zhang, Zhi (1); Zhang, Yue (1); Hu, Tengda (1); Cao, Qingqing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Regions, Chongqing; 400716, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 72-80

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Small deep-cultivators with light weight and simple structure are urgently needed to satisfy the requirements of deep cultivating in hilly regions. Development of a low power-consumption rotavator is a prerequisite for the lightweight of a small deep-cultivator. In this paper, in order to reduce the power consumption of the rotavator for a small vertical-shaft deep-cultivator, a multi-helical rotavator was proposed. The multi-helical rotavator consisted of a vertical-shaft rotavator head and 3 discontinuous multi-helical cutters that are unevenly distributed along the circumference of the head. The discontinuous multi-helical cutter consisted of a cutter-shaft and 3 discontinuous helical cutter edges that are evenly distributed along the axis of the cutter-shaft. The rotavator head had a diameter of 250 mm and the rotavator had a design tillage depth of 30 cm. The cutter-shaft length was 0.35 m and the helical angle of the helical cutter edge was 53º. Based on the motion analysis of the multi-helical rotavator, the motion path and its parameters model were established. The structure and operating parameters of the discontinuous multi-helical cutter and the rotavator were designed and analysed. Then the three-dimensional models of the discontinuous multi-helical cutter and the rotavator were established for simulation analysis. Based on the SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) algorithm, the motion of soil particles, cutting resistance and power consumption were simulated and analysed during the operation of the discontinuous helical cutter and the traditional vertical-shaft orthogonal cutter in ANSYS LS-DYNA. In addition, an actual multi-helical rotavator was manufactured and its tillage effect and power consumption were tested. The simulation results showed that, comparing with the traditional vertical-shaft orthogonal cutter, the performance of the discontinuous helical cutter was significantly improved. 1) The discontinuous multi-helical cutter could greatly stir the upper soil particles, and the displacement of the upper soil particles was obviously increased during the cultivation process. At the same time, the lower soil particles were only slightly disturbed, and the displacement of the lower soil particles was significantly reduced. 2) The cutting resistance of the designed discontinuous helical cutter decreased by an average of 37.5%. Besides, the fluctuation range of cutting resistance decreased by an average of 60.6%, which could reduce the rotavator vibration and make the small deep-cultivator to work more stably and more reliable. 3) The total energy consumption of the designed discontinuous helical cutter was reduced by 58.7% and the average power consumption was reduced by 47.6%, which could reduce the weight of the small deep-cultivator under the same power consumption conditions. The test results showed that the actual power consumption of the designed multi-helical rotavator was 2.86 kW, which was 11.28% higher than the simulation value of 2.57 kW. The simulated power consumption value was close to the test value, which verifies the validity of the simulation results. At the same time, the average tillage depth of the designed multi-helical rotavator was 28.7 cm with a stability coefficient of 94.64% and the average soil pulverizing rate is 76.02%. Therefore, the designed multi-helical rotavator had better crushing and throwing ability than the traditional vertical-shaft orthogonal cutter, and could improve the soil subsoiling effect while meeting the requirement of the tillage depth. The reduction in cutting resistance and the decrease in cutting resistance fluctuation could also reduce the power consumption and vibration of small deep-cultivators. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Electric power utilization

Controlled terms: Agricultural implements  -  Agricultural machinery  -  Computer simulation  -  Cultivation  -  Design  -  Energy utilization  -  Green computing  -  Hydrodynamics  -  Machine design  -  Soils   -  Structural design

Uncontrolled terms: Low-power consumption  -  Multi-helical rotavator  -  Operating parameters  -  Simulation analysis  -  Small deep-cultivator  -  Smoothed particle hydrodynamics  -  Three-dimensional model  -  Total energy consumption

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  706.1 Electric Power Systems  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.13e+01%, Percentage 3.75e+01%, Percentage 4.76e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+01%, Percentage 6.06e+01%, Percentage 7.60e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Power 2.57e+03W, Power 2.86e+03W, Size 2.50e-01m, Size 2.87e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Effects of plant density on nitrogen transformation in aquaponics system

Accession number: 20192307005316

Title of translation:

Authors: Cai, Shufang (1); Chen, Min (1); Chen, Yongkuai (1); Bao, Xingsheng (1); Zhang, Zhong (1); Lei, Jingui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Digital Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou; 350003, China

Corresponding author: Lei, Jingui(leican11@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 132-137

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: This study aims to discuss the effects of plant density on nitrogen transformation in aquaponics system, the purpose is to obtain the suitable arrangement of plant density for greenhouse aquaponics in Fuzhou. The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse in Fuzhou China-Israel Demonstration Farm in Fujian province from July to August in 2017. An experimental aquaponics system based on NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) cultivation was set up in the greenhouse. The cultivated variety of vegetable in the experiment was Ipomoea aquatica. The aquacultured variety of fish in the experiment was Carassius auratus gibelio. The cultivated area was 1.0 m2 and the aquaculture water amount was 350 L. The treatments comprised three plant densities(A(60 plants/m2), B(45 plants /m2),C(30 plants /m2)) with 10 kg/m3 aquaculture density. The three treatments were experimented totally and every treatment was replicated three times. There were three harvests of vegetables without root during these experiments. The water quality and the growth of fish and vegetable during the 33d operation of system were investigated. The conversion of added nitrogen and the influence of time and plant density on the mass concentration of nitrogen compounds were discussed. The results showed that the water quality of different plant density systems, including water temperature, pH, DO and EC, was relatively stable and suitable for the growth of fish and vegetable. The main index of biological characteristics of fish and vegetable increased to different degrees. By analysis of variance, plant density had positive impact on the increment of total fresh quality of vegetables (P2O, N2, 49.32%-68.41% of added nitrogen from feed were accumulated in fish and vegetable. Nitrogen content in fish and vegetable were negative increased and not better than that in ordinary aquaculture and NFT cultivation, which meant optimization measures such as biological filter and medium culture could be adopted. Mass concentrations of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate nitrogen changed significantly with time (P2 had a higher accumulation advantage of nitrate nitrogen. Plant density had no significant impact on the mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. Nitrogen conversion can be further enhanced by expanding cultivation area, installing biological filter and adjusting cultivation mode. In conclusion, the plant density of 45 plants/m2 for Ipomoea aquatica is an appropriate plant density for greenhouse aquaponics in Fuzhou and other measures should be combined to improve the nitrogen conversion effect. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 39

Main heading: Vegetables

Controlled terms: Ammonia  -  Aquaculture  -  Cultivation  -  Filters (for fluids)  -  Fish  -  Greenhouse effect  -  Greenhouses  -  Growth rate  -  Nitrates  -  Nitrogen   -  Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Aquaponics  -  Biological characteristic  -  Nitrification and denitrification  -  Nitrogen transformations  -  Nutrient film techniques  -  Optimization measures  -  Plant densities  -  Relative growth rate

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis  -  451 Air Pollution  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Area 1.00e+00m2, Mass_Density 1.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-04kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 4.93e+01% to 6.84e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Research on hyperspectral light and probe source location on apple for quality detection based on photon transmission simulation

Accession number: 20192307005335

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Haoyun (1, 2); Li, Yibai (1); Zhang, Yuzhuo (1); Zhou, Xiaoli (1); Xu, Huanliang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Agricultural Engineering Postdoctoral Research Station, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210031, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Huanliang(huanliangxu@njau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 281-289

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Due to its high nutritional value, strong ecological adaptability and storage resistance, apple has become one of the world’s most consumed fruits. At present, most of the tools mostly used in non-destructive testing of apples at home and abroad are hyperspectral instruments, but the hyperspectral apparatus has the following problems: First, the number of samples actually measured is extremely limited, the speed is slow, the cost is high, the coverage is small, and the error is inevitable. Second, the actual collection process consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a new idea of improvement. Firstly, the Monte Carlo simulation of photon transmission on a multi-layer apple model based on ellipsoidal surface equation is implemented. Secondly, the trace of photons in the multi-layer apple model is analyzed. Based on this, the optimal incident position of the light source and the optimal detection position of the probe during the detection of the hyperspectral quality of the apple were analyzed and verified. The main works of this paper are as follows: 1) on the basis of realizing the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm of photon transmission, firstly, the multi-layer apple model based on ellipsoidal surface is studied. The apple model simulation based on ellipsoidal surface is realized by studying the motion behavior of photons on the surface, including normal vector solution, intersection point calculation and inverse refraction calculation. Finally, the two algorithms are optimized to a certain extent, and the parallelization of the two algorithms is realized by using MATLAB parallel computing toolbox, which improves the computing speed of the algorithm. 2) Based on the realization of the apple model photon transmission simulation, the optimal incident position of the apple hyperspectral quality detection source and the optimal detection position of the probe are further analyzed. Firstly, the photon motion of the light source at different positions of the apple model is simulated. The relationship between the incident depth and the different incident positions when photons are transmitted in the apple tissue is analyzed, and the optimal incident position is determined. By statistically analyzing the maximum incident depth of photons under different optical parameters and model sizes, it is found that photons have a better probability for reaching near the equatorial position of the apple to reach a deeper depth. At the same time, the effective photon ratio standard of photon scattering from the surface of apple model is defined, and the optimal range of source and probe distance when using applet to detect apple quality is proposed. The optimal detection range and apple optical parameters and apple model size parameters are analyzed. The correlation determines the factors that influence the change in the optimal detection area. The source distance is related to the optical parameters of the apple, and the shape is a ring. The radius of the inner and outer diameter of the source is 1.5~10.15 mm. The point source hyperspectral collects the spectral information of the red Fuji apple. The photon incident position is the equator, and the source distance is a circle with a radius of 2.7-11.7 mm, which is basically consistent with the simulation data analysis results. The Monte Carlo photon transmission simulation method opens up new ideas for studying non-destructive testing of high-spectrum apple quality. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: Bridge decks  -  Digital storage  -  Instrument testing  -  Intelligent systems  -  Inverse problems  -  Light  -  Light sources  -  MATLAB  -  Monte Carlo methods  -  Nondestructive examination   -  Optical variables control  -  Photons  -  Probes  -  Spectroscopy

Uncontrolled terms: Collection process  -  Equatorial positions  -  Hyperspectral instrument  -  Intersection points  -  Material resources  -  Non destructive testing  -  Photon transmission  -  Spectral information

Classification code: 401.1 Bridges  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723.4 Artificial Intelligence  -  731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.50e-03m to 1.02e-02m, Size 2.70e-03m to 1.17e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Optimization of green extraction process and identification of polyphenols variety from rice bran using glycerol/water system

Accession number: 20192307005338

Title of translation:

Authors: Huang, Hao (1); Wang, Zhenni (1); Li, Li (1); Ren, Guoping (2); Luo, Zisheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China; (2) Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic, Hangzhou; 310023, China

Corresponding author: Luo, Zisheng(luozisheng@zju.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 305-312

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: During rice-milling process, rice bran is produced as one kind of byproduct with high contents of polyphenols. Although there is a huge amount of rice bran in China, most of it is used to feed animals. Therefore, it is inevitable to fully explore the additional value of rice bran for the economic benefit of rice processing industry. Rice bran can be used for extraction of polyphenols. Conventional solvents are methanol, acetone and ethanol, which exhibit some disadvantages. To overcome these disadvantages, we need to find a suitable solvent to replace conventional solvents. Glycerol is one kind of colorless, odorless, viscous liquid, which is sweet-tasting and non-toxic. It is widely applied in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Glycerol might be a potential alternative for green extraction of polyphenols from rice bran. Thus, in our research, a green extraction process of polyphenols from rice bran using glycerol was studied. Four individual factors including extraction temperature, volume fraction of glycerol, liquid-to-solid ratio and extraction time were chosen, and single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM) were applied for optimization of the extraction process. The relationship between extraction efficiency of glycerol and its viscosity, the physical property, was analyzed and a UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS method was also conducted for identification of polyphenols. Results showed the order of independent factors affecting the yield of polyphenols was as follows: extraction temperature> volume fraction of glycerol>liquid-to-solid ratio. The ANOVA analysis revealed that independent factors (extraction temperature, volume fraction of glycerol and liquid-to-solid ratio), interaction effect (extraction temperature and volume fraction of glycerol) and their quadratic terms significantly influenced the yield of polyphenols (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Extraction

Controlled terms: Acetone  -  Agricultural products  -  Efficiency  -  Glycerol  -  Liquids  -  Milling (machining)  -  Optimization  -  Organic acids  -  Organic solvents  -  Salicylic acid   -  Viscosity  -  Volume fraction

Uncontrolled terms: 4-hydroxybenzoic acids  -  Extraction efficiencies  -  Extraction temperatures  -  Pharmaceutical industry  -  Polyphenols  -  Response surface methodology  -  Rice brans  -  Single-factor experiments

Classification code: 604.2 Machining Operations  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.90e+01%, Specific_Volume 3.30e-02m3/kg, Time 4.80e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Cycle economic development evaluation of agricultural park based on emergy analysis

Accession number: 20192307005330

Title of translation:

Authors: Tian, Yishui (1); Yao, Yichen (1, 2); Song, Chengjun (3); Liu, Tianchi (4); Dong, Qiang (4); Yuan, Xuefeng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Waste, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) The School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang’an University, Xi’an; 710054, China; (3) Rural Energy & Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100126, China; (4) Tianshui National Agricultural Science and Technology Park Management Committee, Tianshui; 741030, China

Corresponding author: Yuan, Xuefeng(zyxfyun@chd.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 241-247

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Circular agricultural park is a new organizational form of agricultural intensive production and enterprise management. It is also a cut-in point for the close combination of agricultural science and technology with rural economy and an important carrier for the transformation of high-tech achievements into real productive forces. In order to promote the reduction of resource consumption and pollution reduction in the circular agricultural park, realize the new requirements of agricultural modernization, with the development of agricultural supply side as the main line, the green development as the guide, and the institutional reform and mechanism innovation as the driving force. “Reduce”, “Reuse” and “Recycle” are the core agricultural recycling economy. Based on the field research, the emergy value analysis is used to analyze and calculate the ecological flow in the agricultural recycling park system, and to reduce non-renewable resource consumption and reduce pollution. In order to maximize the economic benefits, the discharge pressure is the goal of building the circular economy system emergy value evaluation index system. Taking an agricultural science and technology park in the northwest as an example, the demand for various resources in the ecosystem of the park and the pressure of the discharged waste on the system are analyzed. The aim is to evaluate the sustainability of the park’s circular economy development and make relevant development proposals. The results show that the primary industry in the park is dominant, and the economic development is highly dependent on the external raw materials and energy. The output emergy value is 42.05% of the total input emergy value, the emergy per-person value (EPP) is 5.04×1016 sej/person, emergy per-area (EPA) is 6.96×1012 m2. The overall economic development is better, but the development of the secondary and tertiary industries is weak; the park’s emergy investment ratio (EIR) ) is 8.06, the emergy yield ratio (EYR) is 1.12, and the emergy reuse rate (ERR) is 29.27%. The resource utilization shows high external dependence, the overall resource reuse degree is low, and the use of its own resources. There is still much room for improvement in production efficiency; the emergy loading ratio (ELR) of the park is 8.11, the emergy waste ratio (EWR) is 11.57%, the waste utilization ratio (WUR) is 69.61%, the pressure of production activities on the environment is at a moderate level, and there is a certain waste recycling industry, but the overall utilization is limited; the emergy sustainable index (ESI) is 1.61, the sustainable development index (SDI) is 3.42, and the urban eco-efficiency index (UEI) is 0.88. The economic system is simple in level, the industrial structure is relatively simple, and there are still some shortcomings in self-organization ability, development potential and recycling capacity. The sustainable development performance needs to be improved. The industrial structure is relatively simple and is not balanced, and the utilization and resource efficiency of existing industries is low, which limits the further development of the park. It is recommended that the park further develops internal resources, improves resource utilization, increases system strength, adjusts the industrial structure of the park, coordinates industrial development, and enhances production efficiency. This is also useful for the evaluation of the development of circular economy in other agricultural parks in China. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Industrial economics

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Economic and social effects  -  Investments  -  Planning  -  Pollution  -  Recycling  -  Sustainable development  -  Wastes

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural modernizations  -  Agricultural parks  -  Agricultural science and technologies  -  Circular economy  -  Emergy analysis  -  Emergy investment ratio  -  Industrial development  -  New organizational forms

Classification code: 452.3 Industrial Wastes  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  911.2 Industrial Economics  -  912.2 Management  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.16e+01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 6.96e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Research on theoretical model for hydraulic conductivity in frozen soils

Accession number: 20192307005317

Title of translation:

Authors: Tang, Rui (1); Zhou, Guoqing (1); Wang, Jianzhou (1); Zhao, Guangsi (1); Jiao, Wei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou; 221008, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Guoqing(gqz@cumt.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 138-144

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil is not only one of the main factors affecting the speed of moisture migration, but also an important model parameter in a large number of frost heave models. However, the study of the hydraulic conductivity for frozen soil is often described by empirical formulas. The calculation results lack a theoretical basis, and the predicted values of different empirical formulas often have enormous deviations. Therefore, it is debatable to use the empirical formula to predict the hydraulic conductivity coefficient of frozen soil. In order to reveal the process of moisture migration, according to the theory of water film thermodynamics at the ice-water interface, this paper points out that the water flow can be regarded as the Darcy flow under the equivalent pressure control in frozen soil. On this basis, the expression of pore water freezing temperature and pore radius is obtained. The capillary bundle theory is applied to the frozen soil and combined with the soil frozen characteristic curve to give a theoretical model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil, Meanwhile, the function of pore radius probability density is eliminated to make this proposed model convenience to calculate and use. The calculated values of this model are compared with the experimental data and empirical formulas of the predecessors. The results show that the pore freezing temperature decreases with the decrease of pore radius, and the temperature drop rate also increases. The freezing temperature reduction rate is significantly accelerated especially when the pore radius is less than 10-6 m. Considering the unfrozen pore water and the unfrozen water film as the migration channel of moisture, in general, the calculated values of this model agree well with the experimental results and are better than the empirical formula, which proves the rationality of the model. The predicted values of the hydraulic conductivity of frozen soil obtained by three empirical formulas are even different by four orders of magnitude for Qinghai-Tibet silty clay. Although the predicted value obtained by the Fowler formula is closer to the measured value, there is an empirical coefficient in the prediction formula. For the empirical coefficient is often arbitrarily determined in a certain range, and it is no clear physical meaning and calculation procedure, which leads to the reliability of the predicted value from the empirical formula is debatable. At the same time, the power function is used to fit the soil frozen characteristic curve (SFCC) in this model, which tends to infinity near 0. In order to ensure the continuity of the function of the SFCC, the piecewise function is used to describe the soil frozen characteristic curve, but the deviation of the calculated and measured values of the model within 0--0.035 7. Because the model is based on a quasi-steady state process, and the frozen soil is in the stage of intense phase change near 0. Thus, this paper pointed out that the fitting formula of the soil frozen characteristic curve is very important to this model for reducing this deviation near 0. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Frozen soils

Controlled terms: Curve fitting  -  Density functional theory  -  Flow of water  -  Forecasting  -  Freezing  -  Hydraulic conductivity  -  Ice control  -  Models  -  Moisture  -  Pore size   -  Probability density function  -  Soil mechanics  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Calculation procedure  -  Empirical coefficients  -  Freezing temperatures  -  Hydraulic conductivity coefficients  -  Ice-water interfaces  -  Probability densities  -  SFCC  -  Theoretical modeling

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics  -  632.1 Hydraulics  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Method on extraction of area and distribution of plastic-mulched farmland based on UAV images

Accession number: 20192307005313

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhu, Xiufang (1, 2); Li, Shibo (3); Xiao, Guofeng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (2) Institute of Remote Sensing Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China; (3) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geoscience, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 106-113

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Identification of plastic-mulched farmland using UAV image is quite few. This paper proposes a method of combining with texture features, image morphology algorithm and threshold segmentation algorithm to extract plastic-mulched farmland using UAV Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images. In order to test the performance of this method, this paper took Ludian County of Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province as the research area, and obtained 2 images in the research area as experimental data. The complexity of land cover type in the 2 images was different. In complex area, the main land cover types included vegetation, impervious layer (building and road), plastic-mulched farmland (mainly black plastic mulch with a small amount of white plastic mulch), and bare soil (containing the plastic residues of a previous year). In simple area, the land cover types were similar with those in complex area; however, all plastic-mulched farmland was covered by black plastic mulch and there were no plastic residues in bare soil. Firstly, we calculated the gray level co-occurrence matrix of 2 images in different window sizes (3×3, 5×5, 7×7, 9×9, 11×11, 13×13, 15×15), directions (0, 45°, 90° and 135°) and steps (1, 2 and 3) and extracted 8 texture features from each band of RGB images including mean, variance, synergy, contrast, dissimilarity, information entropy, second moment and correlation. Secondly, we combined the original RGB image with different texture features to make maximum likelihood classification and determined the best extraction parameters of the texture features by comparing the overall pixel accuracy, user accuracy and product accuracy of the plastic mulch in complex area. The best extraction parameters of texture features were the window size of 15×15, the direction of 0, and the step of 2, which were also used to extract texture features of the image in simple area. Thirdly, we selected the optimal texture combination based on importance evaluation of texture features using Random Forest Algorithm and combined them with original UAV RGB image to make maximum likelihood and get preliminary classification maps in both complex area and simple area. Fourthly, we recoded the preliminary classification maps into binary maps (1 refers to plastic mulch and 0 refers to the other land cover types) and made majority filtering to remove noises (such as the plastic residues of a previous year). Then, we used image morphology algorithms to convert the strip plastic mulch into the plastic-mulched farmland and set area threshold to extract plastic-mulched farmland distribution. The area thresholds were 35 m2 in complex area and 500 m2 in simple area. Finally, taking the digitized mulched farmland as references (ground truth data), the accuracy of the recognition results of mulched farmland was assessed by error matrix and area error. The results showed that the texture features extracted by the optimal parameters could greatly improve the classification accuracy. The image morphology algorithm and the threshold segmentation method could effectively extract the block-shaped plastic-mulched farmland. The overall accuracy, Kappa coefficient, product accuracy, user accuracy and area error were 94.84%, 0.89, 92.48%, 93.39%, 0.38% in complex area, and 96.74%, 0.93, 97.39%, 94.63%, 1.95% in simple area, respectively. Compared with step and direction, the size of window had greater influence on plastic mulch classification accuracy. Among 8 texture features, mean contributed most to extracting plastic mulch. The method of extracting plastic-mulched farmland based on the fusion of supervised classification and image morphology algorithm proposed in this paper can provide reference for the development of identification algorithm about plastic-mulched farmland. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Color image processing

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Classification (of information)  -  Data mining  -  Decision trees  -  Errors  -  Extraction  -  Farms  -  Image classification  -  Image segmentation  -  Image texture   -  Matrix algebra  -  Maximum likelihood  -  Morphology  -  Textures  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Classification accuracy  -  Gray level co-occurrence matrix  -  Identification algorithms  -  Maximum likelihood classifications  -  Random forest algorithm  -  Supervised classification  -  Textural feature  -  Threshold segmentation

Classification code: 652.1 Aircraft, General  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921.1 Algebra  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  951 Materials Science  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Area 3.50e+01m2, Area 5.00e+02m2, Percentage 1.95e+00%, Percentage 3.80e-01%, Percentage 9.25e+01%, Percentage 9.34e+01%, Percentage 9.46e+01%, Percentage 9.48e+01%, Percentage 9.67e+01%, Percentage 9.74e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Effects of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma treatment on solubility and water holding capacity of peanut protein

Accession number: 20192307005337

Title of translation:

Authors: Ji, Hui (1, 2); Yu, Jiaojiao (1); Zhang, Jin (1); Wei, Rui (1); Li, Shuhong (1); Chen, Ye (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin; 300457, China; (2) College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Linyi University, Linyi; 276002, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Ye(13752758201@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 299-304

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The peanut protein, a protein-rich byproduct from oil extraction, contains 47%-55% high-quality protein, with low levels of anti-nutritional factors. It exhibits an excellent amino acid profile, a captivating aroma, and an exhilarating white color and is used as cholesterol-free commercial animal protein substitutes. However, its poor functional properties such as low solubility as well as emulsifying, foaming, and gel properties limit its applications. Therefore, improvement in the functional properties of peanut protein may be crucial to increase its application in food industry. Application of cold plasma (CP), a brand-new, nonhazardous and nonthermal, high technology with bright prospects, is currently attracting much attention. CP comprises ultraviolet photons, electrons, positive and negative ions, free radicals, and excited or non-excited molecules and atoms. In combination, these particles can break covalent bonds and initiate various chemical reactions. CP has been widely applied to clean, sterilize, and modify surfaces. Due to the advantages on broadness in frequency range, availability of the high-density non-equilibrium plasma in the larger space, simplicity in process, rapidity, efficiency, as well as other characteristics including energy-saving and environmental friendly, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma is considered to be the most popular plasma technology that can be applied in industry, thus becomes a major concern in the research field in modification of protein. Peanut protein solutions were modified by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma (CP) treatment. Effects of CP treatment on the structure and functional properties of peanut protein were evaluated by analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and protein surface hydrophobicity index (Ho). A significant improvement in solubility and water holding capacity was found to be improved by CP, and reached a maximum value at 2 min treatment, solubility of peanut protein reaches 132.78 mg/L and water holding capacity of peanut protein is 1.93 g/g, increasing by 24.8% and 79.6% respectively compared with untreated samples. At the same time, emulsion ability, emulsion stability, foaming ability, foaming stability and oil absorbing capacity was all improved to some extent after CP treatment. The results showed that the molecular weight of peanut protein remained unaffected, meanwhile, an increase in the β-sheet and random coil content and a decrease in the α-helix and β-turn content was found, indicating that the structure of the protein changed from compact to loosen after CP treatment. The results of surface hydrophobicity indicated that CP treatment induced tertiary structural changes of the proteins, Ho of peanut protein was increased remarkably. Our study results will further broaden the application of peanut protein in food industry such as dairy, meat products, and beverages. Furthermore, the operation was easy and the treatment time was short, which may make CP as a novel effective technology for protein modification. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Proteins

Controlled terms: Dielectric devices  -  Dielectric materials  -  Electric discharges  -  Electrophoresis  -  Emulsification  -  Energy conservation  -  Environmental technology  -  Flow control  -  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy  -  Free radicals   -  Hydrophobicity  -  Negative ions  -  Oils and fats  -  Oilseeds  -  Petroleum prospecting  -  Plasma applications  -  Plasmas  -  Sodium dodecyl sulfate  -  Solubility  -  Structural properties   -  Structure (composition)  -  Sulfur compounds  -  Water treatment

Uncontrolled terms: Anti-nutritional factors  -  Cold plasmas  -  Dielectric barrier discharges  -  Fourier transform infrared  -  Functional properties  -  Peanut proteins  -  Protein surface hydrophobicities  -  Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Classification code: 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques  -  454 Environmental Engineering  -  512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  708.1 Dielectric Materials  -  801 Chemistry  -  801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  932.3 Plasma Physics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 1.33e-01kg/m3, Percentage 2.48e+01%, Percentage 4.70e+01% to 5.50e+01%, Percentage 7.96e+01%, Time 1.20e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Quantitative assessment of temperature suitability of alpine summer tomato seedling in west of Henan province

Accession number: 20192307005324

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Shengli (1); Li, Yang (1); Zhou, Lijie (1); Niu, Xuxu (1); Yu, Luming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 194-202

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Heat stress is well recognized as a major biotic stress that severely limits plant growth worldwide. In particular, high temperature is a main limiting factor in the production of vegetable industrialized seedlings raising in summer. Optimal and stable temperature is an important factor for plant growth and metabolism. Tomato is thermophilic, but it cannot withstand high temperature. Hence, how to lower the temperature is an urgently problem that needed to be solved. The low temperature at high altitude localities provided an opportunity to develop the vegetable industrialized seedlings raising production in summer. Raising vegetable seedlings at high altitude is more economical compared with some cooling methods (e.g., forced ventilation, fan/pad system, mist/fog system, roof cooling, mechanical cooling technology system, aquifer coupled cavity flow heat exchanger system, and earth-to-air heat exchanger system) depending on energy consumption. Furthermore, it also provided a new direction to select a suitable location for vegetable industrialized seedlings raising. The objective of this study was to investigate the temperature suitability of the summer alpine seedlings and the effects of high-altitude temperature on tomato seedling growth. During 2016 and 2017, several experiments were performed within four cropping seasons using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Roller) seedlings in the same type of plastic greenhouses at two altitudes, respectively at high (998 m) and low (98 m). Then, temperatures of the alp and plain were measured during tomato seedlings growth. In addition, temperature characteristics were analyzed using the temperature suitability model and run-length theory. Finally, the relationship between air and root-zone temperature and tomato seedling growth were determined by path analysis. In summary, the results showed that the average air and root-zone temperature of night at high altitude significantly (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 43

Main heading: Low temperature production

Controlled terms: Aquifers  -  Cooling  -  Energy utilization  -  Forestry  -  Fruits  -  Greenhouses  -  Heat exchangers  -  Models  -  Plants (botany)  -  Regression analysis   -  Seed  -  Temperature  -  Thermal processing (foods)  -  Vegetables

Uncontrolled terms: Earth-to-air heat exchanger  -  High alp  -  High temperature stress  -  Plain  -  Quantitative assessments  -  Seedling  -  Soluble sugar contents  -  Temperature characteristic

Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures  -  822.2 Food Processing Operations  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.33e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.64e+02%, Percentage 1.90e+01%, Percentage 3.79e+01%, Percentage 6.54e+01%, Percentage 8.87e+01%, Size 9.80e+01m, Size 9.98e+02m, Time 2.79e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Effect of hair on thermometry of skin by infrared thermography and noise reduction method for live pigs

Accession number: 20192307005320

Title of translation:

Authors: Jia, Guifeng (1, 2); Meng, Junyu (1); Wu, Dun (1); Wang, Denghui (1); Gao, Yun (1, 2); Feng, Yaoze (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Feng, Yaoze(yaoze.feng@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 162-167

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The temperature distribution of pig skin is an important indicator to characterize its physiological state and disease. However, due to the surface hair coat, the skin temperature accuracy which detected by infrared thermography (IRT) is affected and its ability to diagnosis of fever and disease is reduced. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence patterns of the coat on the skin temperature distribution and propose the thermal image processing method to eliminate the influence of the coat on temperature accuracy. The animals for experimental data were 12 sows in empty pregnant period with the average ambient temperature of 27.4 and humidity in the piggery of 80.3% respectively. The body surface temperature was measured by hand-held infrared thermal imager (Fluke, Ti 300) with a resolution of 240 pixels×180 pixels and sensitivity of 50 mK. And it also carried a laser distance measuring sensor with a resolution of 0.01 m to measure the distance between the measured object and the thermal imager. The statistics of the temperature distribution detected by IRT from the region of interest (ROI) under normal coat (NC) was compared to that under shed coat (SC) state. The statistical data indicated that the hair coat produced a large number of “canyon”-like low temperature noise in temperature distribution in NC state, which reduced the minimum temperature and average temperature of the ROI, but had no significant effect on the maximum temperature with diagnostic ability. According to the noise distribution characteristics and the influence pattern, an image noise filtering algorithm named the grid maximum value bicubic interpolation filter (GMBI) was proposed. The GMBI algorithm consisted of three steps including image mesh segmentation, filtering with maximum value and image bicubic interpolation. The key problem of GMBI was how to select the appropriate neighborhood size to ensure that each block contained at least one skin temperature value and the resolution was as high as possible. In this study, mathematical statistics was employed and it was found out that the optimal neighborhood size was 4.25 mm. In order to evaluate the validity of the algorithm quantitatively, the mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the difference of maximum, minimum and mean between the processed images by GMBI and the SC thermal images were calculated. The experimental data showed that the differences of minimum and average were greatly reduced from the original 1.59 and 0.47 to 0.13 and 0.07 (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Thermography (imaging)

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Diagnosis  -  Image segmentation  -  Infrared imaging  -  Interpolation  -  Mammals  -  Mean square error  -  Pixels  -  Signal filtering and prediction  -  Signal to noise ratio   -  Statistics  -  Temperature distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Distance measuring sensors  -  Filter  -  Image interpolations  -  Noise reduction methods  -  Peak signal to noise ratio  -  Skin temperature distributions  -  The region of interest (ROI)  -  Thermal image processing

Classification code: 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  742.1 Photography  -  746 Imaging Techniques  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Decibel 4.51e+01dB to 5.37e+01dB, Percentage 8.03e+01%, Size 4.25e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Design and parameter optimization of swing rod driven residual plastic film collector

Accession number: 20192307005307

Title of translation:

Authors: Xie, Jianhua (1); Tang, Wei (1); Zhang, Xuejun (1); Zhang, Fengxian (1); Yang, Yuxin (1); Duan, Weilin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 56-63

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Although plastic sheet-covered cultivation technology has brought great development to agricultural production, the plastic film residual in the field has also seriously polluted the soil. Because plastic film is difficult to degrade under natural conditions, its residue in the soil will not only hinder the growth of crop roots, and make it difficult for crops to absorb water, but also prevent the infiltration of water in the soil, making the soil moisture content decline, and ultimately leading to crop yield reduction. The traditional pole-tooth residual plastic film collector mainly uses elastic tooth to recover the surface plastic film residue. The structure of the machine is simple, but it is difficult to unload the plastic film, and the working parts are easy to be wrapped by the film, which ultimately leads to the low recovery rate of the plastic film residue. According to the typical mulching planting situation in Xinjiang cotton field and the structural characteristics of the pole-tooth residual plastic film collector, the swing rod driven residual plastic film collector was improved and designed. In particular, the technology improvement of the spring-tooth picking device and the scraper discharging device was carried out, which solved the problems of easy jamming of the elastic tooth shaft and unreliable film unloading. Compared with the traditional pole-tooth residual plastic film collector, the swing rod driven residual plastic film collector mainly improved in the following aspects: the lifting film device was increased, and the effect of picking-up film was improved; the connection mode between the picking-up tooth shaft and the supporting plate was changed, and the operation of the picking-up residual plastic film mechanism was improved; four-bar linkage was used to change the gyratory motion of unloading film mechanism into swing reciprocating motion, so as to reduce residual film winding. In order to verify the performance of the mechanism, determine the optimal combination of parameters, and optimize the structure of the whole machine, the picking-up film mechanism and the unloading film mechanism were tested. Taking the penetration depth of the picking-up teeth, the forward speed of the trolley, the linear speed of the picking-up teeth and the forward speed ratio (the ratio of linear speed of the picking-up tooth to forward speed of soil bin trolley) of the trolley as the main factors, and the picking-up rate and the unloading rate as the testing indexes, the three-factor and three-level response tests of the picking-up mechanism and the unloading mechanism were carried out. The quadratic regression model between each factor and the picking-up film rate and unloading film rate were established by the software of Design-Expert. The significant influence of each factor on the picking-up film rate and unloading film rate were analyzed, and the test parameters were optimized. The results showed that the order of influencing factors on the picking-up film rate and the unloading film rate was as follows: the forward speed of soil bin trolley, the speed ratio, and the depth of picking-up teeth into soil. The optimum working parameters were determined as follows: the penetration depth of the picking teeth of 65 mm, 1.2 m/s of the forward speed of the soil bin trolley, and the speed ratio of 1.0. According to the optimization results, the validation test was carried out. The result showed that the picking-up film rate was 85.6%, the unloading film rate was 86.7%, which were less different from the prediction model, and the optimized model was reliable. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Plastic films

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Design  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Optimization  -  Plastic sheets  -  Poles  -  Regression analysis  -  Soil moisture   -  Soil testing  -  Speed  -  Unloading

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  Optimum working parameters  -  Parameter optimization  -  Plastic film residues  -  Response surface  -  Structural characteristics  -  Swing rod driven  -  Technology improvement

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  817.1 Polymer Products  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.67e+01%, Size 6.50e-02m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Design and parameter optimization of rice pneumatic seeding metering device with adjustable seeding rate

Accession number: 20192307005303

Title of translation:

Authors: Xing, He (1, 2); Zang, Ying (1, 2); Wang, Zaiman (1, 2); Luo, Xiwen (1, 2); Pei, Juan (1, 2); He, Siyu (1, 2); Xu, Peng (1, 2); Liu, Shuncai (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Corresponding author: Zang, Ying(yingzang@scau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 20-28

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The rice mechanized planting level is low in China. The ordinary hybrid rice and the super hybrid rice of high yield population structure can be formed with only 3-5 and 1-3 seeds per hill, respectively. The pneumatic rice precision direct seeding technique is a combination of machinery and air flow. To meet the cultivation requirements of different varieties and seeding rate of hybrid rice, a rice pneumatic seeding metering device with adjustable seeding rate was designed in this study. The working principle of seed metering device was analyzed. This seed metering device adopted multiple independent negative pressure flow-path to control the accuracy of seed suction. The influence of independent negative pressure flow-path structure on suction hole negative pressure was analyzed by ANSYS-FLUENT software. The key components of seed metering device with adjustable seeding rate were designed. The method of adjusting seeding rate was explained. The super hybrid rice Y-2 You 900 was selected as the test object. The average size of the seed was 8.90 mm× 2.20 mm×1.84 mm (length × width × thickness), and the weight of 1 000 grains was 23.8 g. The seeds were washed by water to remove impurities and blighted grain. The dry seeds were soaked in clear water for 24 h. Then, they were moistened, filtered out and dried. The average moisture content was 24.3% (wet basis) before the test. The whole factor experiments were carried out under different negative pressures, rotational speeds of the suction plates, and group number of suction holes. The results showed that when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 20 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 1 hole was 82.41%; when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 40 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 2 holes was 96.36%; when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 20 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 3 holes was 92.79% ; when the negative pressure was 1.2 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 16, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 20 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 4 holes was 91.93% ; when the negative pressure was 1.6 kPa, the optimal group number of suction holes was 12, and rotational speed of the sucking plate was 30 r/min, the optimal qualified rate of 5 holes was 87.88%. It also showed that a rice pneumatic seeding metering device with adjustable seeding rate could meet the requirements of different seeding rate for hybrid rice in direct seeding. Compared with the original seed metering device, this seeding metering device is more suitable to rice diversity, which provides a certain reference for rice mechanized direct seeding technology. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Grain (agricultural product)

Controlled terms: Design  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Optimization  -  Plates (structural components)  -  Pneumatic materials handling equipment  -  Pneumatics  -  Removal  -  Speed

Uncontrolled terms: Negative pressures  -  Parameter optimization  -  Population structures  -  Precision seeding  -  Rice  -  Rotational speed  -  Seed metering devices  -  Seeding rate

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  632.3 Pneumatics  -  632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Mass 2.38e-02kg, Percentage 2.43e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+01%, Pressure 1.20e+03Pa, Pressure 1.60e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 2.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.00e+01RPM, Time 8.64e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Effects of straw returning on saline soil aggregate stability and its carbon, nitrogen contents

Accession number: 20192307005315

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Hui (1); He, Wei (1); Duan, Fujian (1); Hu, Guoqing (1); Lou, Yanhong (1); Song, Fupeng (1); Zhuge, Yuping (1)

Author affiliation: (1) National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China

Corresponding author: Zhuge, Yuping(zhugeyp@sdau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 124-131

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Soil aggregate is the physical foundation of soil fertility and straw returning is widely recognized as an effective method to facilitate soil aggregate formation and stabilization. However, it is still unclear what effects of straw returning might have on soil aggregate composition and its carbon (C) as well as nitrogen (N) distribution in saline soils. In this study, taking the typical salinized fluvo-aquic soil of the Yellow River Delta as research object, we analyzed the water-stable aggregate composition, stability and the organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) content of each aggregate in soils under three salinization degrees (light, moderate, highly) and after 3-year straw returning. Results showed that the proportions of 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates in highly-salinized soil were significantly lower than that in light-salinized soil and moderate-salinized soil (p 0.25) respectively for light-salinized soil, and a 31.0%, 31.9% and 31.4% increase in the corresponding indexes for moderate-salinized soil, respectively. For bulk soil, straw returning increased SOC and TN contents by 20.2% and 20.0% respectively for light-salinized soil, and increased SOC content by 35.2% for moderate-salinized soil. For SOC content in soil water-stable aggregates, straw returning for light-salinized soil increased SOC content by 22.7%, 29.1% and 21.9% in 2 mm aggregates, respectively, while increased that by 15.8%, 16.1%, 56.1% and 36.8% respectively for moderate-salinized soil with increasing particle size of soil aggregates. For SOC distribution in soil aggregates, the proportion of SOC in 2 mm aggregates and 0.25-2 mm aggregates respectively, and led to a 28.8% increase in TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates. However, straw returning in moderate-salinized soil significantly decreased by 62.1% of the TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates and increased by 1.1 times that in © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Stabilization

Controlled terms: Aggregates  -  Nitrogen  -  Organic carbon  -  Particle size  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Straw

Uncontrolled terms: Fluvo-aquic soils  -  Formation mechanism  -  Geometric mean diameters  -  Mean weight diameter  -  Soil aggregate stability  -  Soil water-stable aggregates  -  Total nitrogen  -  Water stable aggregates

Classification code: 406 Highway Engineering  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 3.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.02e+01%, Percentage 2.12e+01%, Percentage 2.15e+01%, Percentage 2.19e+01%, Percentage 2.27e+01%, Percentage 2.88e+01%, Percentage 2.91e+01%, Percentage 3.10e+01%, Percentage 3.14e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 3.36e+01%, Percentage 3.52e+01%, Percentage 3.68e+01%, Percentage 3.97e+01%, Percentage 4.39e+01%, Percentage 4.76e+01%, Percentage 5.09e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%, Percentage 5.61e+01%, Percentage 5.87e+01%, Percentage 6.21e+01%, Size 2.50e-04m to 2.00e-03m, Size 5.30e-05m to 2.50e-04m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Study on sap flow characteristics of grape and its environment influencing factors in cold regions of northeastern China

Accession number: 20192307005323

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Bo (1); Zheng, Siyu (1); Wei, Xinguang (1); Wang, Tieliang (1); Sun, Jun (1); Ge, Dong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China

Corresponding author: Wei, Xinguang(weixg_wi@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 185-193

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Transpiration of plants is a complex process, it not only affected by its own characteristics, but also affected by the surrounding environmental factors. In order to explore the characteristics of grape sap flow and its relationships with environment factors in the cold areas in northeastern China, grape sap flow rate and meteorological factors were monitored and analyzed systematically. Results showed that the daily transpiration of grape sap flow and daily transpiration in the whole growing period showed a trend of single peak changes, intraday peak values occurred between 10:30-13:00, the peak values reached 406.32 g/h at the most vigorous August. Under the clear weather condition, the flow in each month showed a clear trend of single peak change. The sap flow rates in rainy, cloudy and sunny days were 64.81, 67.42 and 127.00 g/h, respectively. Due to the difference in solar radiation, the fluid flow and fluctuation ranges of three weather conditions showed differences. The daily transpiration of grape was the most severe at August during the whole growth period, and the daily average transpiration exceeded 4 mm/d. From the mean value of transpiration for each growth period, the value reached 2.41-2.91 mm/d during the fruit ripening period and the coloring period, while the average daily transpiration decreased to 0.79 mm/d during the late growth period of grape, and the maximum daily transpiration during the growth period was 4.10 mm/d. The changes of daily grape transpiration in the whole growth period showed obvious seasonality, and overall presented a high-low-high trend. From the daily changes of the sap flow during the growth period (May-October), the monthly variation of the sap flow rate from the largest to the smallest was: August>July>September>June>May>October. The positive correlation between grape sap flow rate and PAR, VPD, VT (variable of transpiration) were significant (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Atmospheric movements

Controlled terms: Flow rate  -  Greenhouses  -  Meteorology  -  Transpiration

Uncontrolled terms: Coefficient of determination  -  Environmental factors  -  Grape  -  Meteorological factors  -  Positive correlations  -  Sap flow rate  -  Solar greenhouse  -  Time lag

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  461.9 Biology  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  821.6 Farm Buildings and Other Structures

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Flow_Rate 1.13e-04kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 1.87e-05kg/s, Mass_Flow_Rate 3.53e-05kg/s, Time 5.40e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Driving torque management model for electric tractor in field cruise condition

Accession number: 20192307005311

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Zhongbin (1, 2); Xie, Bin (1, 2); Chi, Ruijuan (1, 2); Ren, Zhiyong (3); Du, Yuefeng (1, 2); Li, Zhen (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Optimized Design for Modern Agricultural Equipment, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Taiyuan Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Taiyuan; 030006, China

Corresponding author: Xie, Bin(xiebincau@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 88-98

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Researchers have developed various design methods for driving systems and control strategies for electric tractors, as well as performance analysis of key components. However, little attention has been paid to the precise management of torque requests in the top layer in consideration of factors such as the power output restrictions at motor operating temperature limits, battery state-of-charge limits, time-based torque ramp limits, and the speed-dependent torque capability of the motor. In this paper, we developed a driving torque management model on the upper layer of driving systems for electric tractors based on the common functional blocks related to the decision of target torque in electric tractor control. In order to meet the field operation requirements and improve the quality of work, the input signals were calibrated to the desired cruise speed and further converted to the motor target revolving speed. According to the deviation between the actual revolving speed and the target revolving speed, the motor target output torque was calculated to balance the required motor power with the work load. Further considering the impacts on the electric tractor caused by the torque fluctuations during the cruise operation, the motor maximum torque available at the current revolving speed, the influence of the over-temperature of the driving system and the over-discharge of the battery, models of time-based ramp limitation of target torque, motor’s speed-based maximum torque limitation and load reduction protection under extreme conditions were constructed in turn. The electric tractor model consisting of tractor dynamic model, battery model, and electric motor model was also built. A tractor control unit to support the torque demand management model was designed, and a hardware-in-the-loop real-time test platform was built with dSPACE. The parameters in the torque management model were calibrated separately, and the output characteristics of the drive system under traction conditions were tested. The results showed that the actual vehicle speed tracked the expected cruising speed steadily during the traction operation. The tracking error mainly depended on the degree of slip of the driving wheels. When the expected speed changed, the actual vehicle speed smoothly transited to the expected value according to the calibrated climbing rate. During the operation, the model output torque always stayed within the motor torque capacity, and kept a small change rate of not more than 35 N•m/s, which led to more gentle variations of motor torque compared with the original without ramp limitations. When the battery voltage dropped below the over-discharge threshold, the management model scaled down the target torque in time by 10%-27% according to the degree of undervoltage, which therefore kept the battery voltage always above the safe level. The driving torque demand management model built in this paper can provide a technical reference for tractor control unit designs of electric tractors. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Electric machine theory

Controlled terms: Automobile testing  -  Battery management systems  -  Calibration  -  Charging (batteries)  -  Control engineering  -  Electric discharges  -  Models  -  Secondary batteries  -  Speed  -  Temperature   -  Torque  -  Tractors (agricultural)  -  Tractors (truck)  -  Vehicles

Uncontrolled terms: Battery state of charge  -  Driving systems  -  Electric tractors  -  Hard-ware-in-the-loop  -  Hardware in loop  -  Operating temperature  -  Output characteristics  -  Performance analysis

Classification code: 641.1 Thermodynamics  -  662 Automobiles and Smaller Vehicles  -  663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  702.1.2 Secondary Batteries  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.70e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Monitoring method of stored grain quantity based on temperature field cloud maps

Accession number: 20192307005336

Title of translation:

Authors: Cui, Hongwei (1); Wu, Wenfu (1); Wu, Zidan (1); Han, Feng (1); Zhang, Na (1); Wang, Yujia (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Zidan(Wuzidan91@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 290-298

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: A reliable method of grain storage supervision can effectively guarantee the quantity of grain storage in and out of warehouses according to plan and reduce the loss of unplanned entry and exit. In recent years, there has been a method of monitoring grain storage by video equipment, but the security of storage and management of video surveillance is poor and inconvenient to use. In this paper, we proposed a method for grain storage supervision based on the similarity of RGB color features of temperature field cloud map. Firstly, the historical grain data of the grain storage was called and pre-processed to remove the random code, error and other data. According to the correlation of the temperature at the adjacent temperature measurement points, the grain temperature data of each plane in the grain bulk was interpolated and the temperature field cloud map was generated. Then the similarity of the temperature field cloud map at the adjacent days was calculated by the similarity algorithm based on the RGB color feature distribution, similarity threshold was set according to the similarity of cloud maps during normal storage. Finally, the abnormal movement in the grain bulk was judged according to the similarity threshold. In order to verify the feasibility of grain storage regulation based on similarity of temperature field cloud map, five kinds of abnormal movement in grain bulk were simulated. The five kinds of abnormal movement respectively were: the half part of the grain bulk at right side and latter side, the quarter part of the grain bulk at right side and the latter side, and overall of the grain bulk. Similarity algorithm based on the RGB color feature distribution was used to detect abnormal movement of grain bulk. Meanwhile, the method based on the similarity of LBP texture feature was also used to compare with the method, the results showed that the mean of recall rate of the method based on the RGB color feature distribution was 98.6%, the mean of precision rate was 97.3%, and the operation speed was about 320 ms/time. The mean of recall rate of the similarity detection algorithm based on the LBP texture feature was 97.3%, the mean of precision rate was 96.2% and the operation speed was about 540 ms/time. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the results showed that the influence of anomaly types and temperature plane on recall rate was very significant and the influence of abnormal type on precision rate was very significant, and the influence of temperature measurement plane on precision rate was not significant. Taking into precision rate, recall rate and algorithm speed consideration, similarity detection algorithm of cloud map based on RGB color feature distribution was more suitable for the detection of grain storage supervision. The test of grain storage supervision was carried out, and the results showed that the algorithm can not only regulate the grain storage, but also detect the local heat in the grain bulk. The purpose of this study was to lay the foundation for a reliable and simple regulatory approach to grain storage regulation. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Digital storage

Controlled terms: Color  -  Energy storage  -  Feature extraction  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Motion analysis  -  Security systems  -  Signal detection  -  Temperature  -  Temperature measurement  -  Temperature sensors   -  Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Cloud map  -  LBP textures  -  Monitoring methods  -  Rgb colors  -  Similarity  -  Similarity algorithm  -  Similarity detection  -  Similarity threshold

Classification code: 525.7 Energy Storage  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments  -  944.6 Temperature Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.62e+01%, Percentage 9.73e+01%, Percentage 9.86e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Optimization design of bottom wire mesh used in cascading cage-rearing laying duck for improving duck egg cleanliness

Accession number: 20192307005326

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Shucai (1); Wang, Yuquan (1); Li, Zhenqiang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 211-217

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Laying duck raising and duck egg processing belong to traditional superior animal husbandry in China. Dirty surface of duck eggs will shorten storage time and increase subsequent cleaning cost. The bottom wire mesh is an important part of the furnished cage and is closely related to duck egg cleanliness. Aiming to solve the problem that the surface of duck egg shell is seriously polluted during the process of raising laying duck in the cascading cage-rearing equipment, the authors optimized the dimension parameters of the bottom wire mesh in this paper. Based on the analysis of duck egg movement on the bottom wire mesh, a kinematics simulation mode was developed to determine the appropriate range of the bottom wire mesh slope using dichotomy depending on whether duck eggs roll out of the furnished cage. The steeper the slope, the easier it was for the duck eggs to roll onto the conveyor belt. But if the slope was too large, the duck eggs might collide with the egg on the conveyor belt to cause damage. Meeting the above conditions, the appropriate slope value was chosen. According to the longitudinal spacing in bottom wire mesh, the lateral spacing in bottom wire mesh, the diameter in bottom wire mesh, the total deformation maximum and the mass of the bottom wire mesh, mathematical optimization model of the bottom wire mesh was established. The authors adopted an analysis method of 3 factors and 4 levels corresponding surface, and the dimension parameters of the bottom wire mesh were optimized based on the total deformation maximum response surface. The optimum solution in the results had the maximum area of the leakage hole in the bottom wire mesh. The finite element software ANSYS Workbench was used as the computing platform in this analysis. After optimization, the slope increased to 8.5°, the area of the leakage hole increased by 29.2%, and the total deformation maximum decreased by 18.1%. The area of the leakage hole bears on the cleanliness of the duck egg, the larger the area, the cleaner they were. This was because that duck dropping passed through the hole and fell onto the manure without sticking to the bottom wire mesh to soil the duck egg. Smaller deformation meant better structural stability. To test the feasibility of the optimization result, this research team experimented on cage-rearing laying duck using the bottom wire mesh optimized in a welfare duck farm of Hubei Shendan Healthy Food Company. The experiment included 384 ducks weighting in (1 350±50) g and lasted for a whole month. Ducks were divided into test group and control group living in the same environment. 2 ducks were raised in every cage. The results showed that the bottom wire mesh had a significant positive effect on duck egg cleanliness (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Wire

Controlled terms: Belt conveyors  -  Cleaning  -  Computer simulation  -  Deformation  -  Design  -  Experiments  -  Fertilizers  -  Mesh generation  -  Optimization  -  Stability

Uncontrolled terms: Cage  -  Cascading cage-rearing  -  Finite element software  -  Kinematics simulation  -  Laying duck  -  Mathematical optimization model  -  Negative correlation  -  Structural stabilities

Classification code: 535.2 Metal Forming  -  692.1 Conveyors  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 2.92e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Development on cyclone-finger roller two-stage purification device of pyrolysis gas from straw carbonization

Accession number: 20192307005327

Title of translation: -

Authors: Xin, Mingjin (1); Chi, Bowen (1); Chen, Tianyou (1, 2); Meng, Jun (3); Jiao, Jinkang (1); E, Yang (3); Wu, Liyan (1); Song, Yuqiu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China; (2) College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (3) Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110161, China

Corresponding author: Song, Yuqiu(songyuqiusyau@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 4

Issue date: February 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 218-224

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Carbonization is one of the effective measures for utilization of straw. However, the tar and dust produced by carbonization are mixed in the pyrolysis gas, which will hinder the extraction and subsequent utilization of the flammable gases in the gas, and the tar may stick onto the inner wall of the device if the gas was not purified. And the air may be seriously polluted if it is vented into the air without purification. A two-stage purification device which consisted of a cyclone and a finger roller in its exhaust tunnel was designed in this study to improve the purification rate of carbonized flue gas, the structural parameters of the device were determined and the finger rod was designed. To get an efficient purification of the gas, the cyclone is the first stage which separates large particles in the gas by centrifugal force, and finger roller is the second stage which collides and gathers small particles into large particles and separates the particles along the taper finger by centrifugal force. The quadratic regression experiment with general rotary design method was carried out, with factors of the finger roller speed, the flue gas inlet speed and the core tube insert distance and with indicators of the flue gas purification rate and the pressure loss, the variance analysis and surface response analysis of the data were conducted with software Design-Expert8.0.6, and the mathematic models between the indicators and factors were established. The results showed that the three factors had significant effect on the purification rate and pressure loss of flue gas (P inlet gas speed >core tube insert distance, and the order of factors on purification rate was as follows: finger roller speed >inlet gas speed >core tube insert distance. As for effect of interaction of factors, the interactions of finger roller speed and inlet gas speed, inlet gas speed and core tube insert distance had significant effect on the pressure loss (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Gases

Controlled terms: Air cleaners  -  Carbonization  -  Flue gases  -  Flues  -  Gas fuel purification  -  Pressure effects  -  Purification  -  Pyrolysis  -  Rollers (machine components)  -  Software design   -  Speed  -  Storms  -  Straw  -  Tar  -  Tubes (components)

Uncontrolled terms: Centrifugal Forces  -  Effective measures  -  Finger roller  -  Optimal combination  -  Pressure loss  -  Quadratic regression  -  Structural parameter  -  Surface response analysis

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  451.1 Air Pollution Sources  -  451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  522 Gas Fuels  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  619.1 Pipe, Piping and Pipelines  -  723.1 Computer Programming  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.42e+01%, Pressure 9.72e+02Pa, Rotational_Speed 3.03e+03RPM, Size 2.10e-01m, Velocity 1.95e+01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.04.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village