1. Design for pig breeding chamber under multiple environment variable control and analysis of internal flow field

Accession number: 20191906900312

Title of translation:

Authors: Gao, Yun (1, 2); Chen, Zhenhan (1, 4); Wang, Yu (1); Li, Xiaoping (3); Guo, Jiliang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) College of Animal Science and Technology, HuaZhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (4) Jiangxi Osding Agri-machinery Co., Ltd., Nanchang; 330115, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 203-212

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In the context of the increasing importance on environmental control in large-scale pig farming operations, more attention is being given to the research on different environmental impacts on pig health. In order to conduct variable environments for pig health experiments, a pig breeding chamber under multiple environment variable control was designed in this paper for more precise environmental control experiments. The pig breeding chamber was composed of 4 parts, the main chamber, the air mixing box, the environmental regulation executing devices, and the environmental control system. The main chamber was the living space for experimental animals. The air mixing box was used to regulate the air variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, NH3 and CO2 concentration, before the air entering the main chamber. The environmental regulation executing devices involved the fans, the air valves, the air conditioning compressor, the air heating pipe, the electromagnetic valve for NH3. Then the environmental control system read environment variables through sensors and controlled the working of all the environmental regulation executing devices to limit the environment variables in the main chamber in a setting range. Main ventilation mode of the pig breeding chamber was self-circulated. A fan working at the outlet built a negative pressure to exhaust the airflow entering the main chamber through the air mixing box and the ventilation pipe. The air flow entered the main chamber through three air inlets, dissipated in the chamber and then was exhausted from the outlet, thereby forming the air circulation. The air conditioning compressor and air heating pipe in the air mixing box could cool down or heat up the airflow respectively, and the electromagnetic valve for NH3 gas could increase NH3 concentration of the airflow. The exhaust air valve was working with the fresh air valve to reduce NH3 concentration or CO2 concentration in the chamber. The airflow in the main chamber was optimized previously by ANSYS flow field simulation. The environmental control system of the chamber was composed of environmental variable detection module, S7-200 PLC (Programmable Logical Controller), and host computer. The environment variable detection module sampled all the environmental data, such as temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, NH3 concentration, and CO2 concentration, and sent to a STM32 microcontroller every 2 seconds. The program embedded in STM32 integrated these data into one data packet and sent them to the S7-200 PLC through a serial port. The S7-200 PLC transferred the data to the host computer and simultaneously calculated out control instructions to control environmental regulation executing devices, limited the chamber’s internal environments to a setting range. Besides, the manure pump and LED lights were also controlled by the PLC to realize automatic manure cleaning and lighting timing. The host computer realized dynamic and real-time display and storage of environmental data. The running states of the executing devices were showed on the screen through WinCC monitoring software. Three tests for the pig breeding chamber were conducted, including the smoke test for air flow field, an empty chamber test and a full-loaded chamber test. The smoke test of air flow field verified the airflow pattern, which was simulated by ANSYS previously. Result showed the smoke formed a circle in the main chamber and dissipated all through the chamber without leaving any dead space. The test in the empty chamber verified the function and performance of the control system. The results of the environmental test with animals loaded showed that the control precision of temperature was limited within ±1, the relative humidity could be controlled within the pig comfortable range of 50%-80%, the oscillations of NH3 concentration were limited less than ±3×10-6 when the setting value of NH3 concentration was 10×10-6, and the concentration of CO2 could be controlled below 1 540×10-6 basically, which was a standard for animal health. During the full-loaded experiment, which lasted for almost 3 weeks, temperature, relative humidity, NH3 and CO2 concentrations variables inside the chamber were accurately controlled. This shows the pig breeding chamber can provide an effective platform for more precise pig, especially nurseries, breeding experiments under variable environments and potentially helps improve the research method to reveal the relationship between pigs and their environments. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Air

Controlled terms: Air conditioning  -  Ammonia  -  Animals  -  Carbon dioxide  -  Computer control systems  -  Controllers  -  Cyclone separators  -  Digital storage  -  Environmental management  -  Environmental regulations   -  Environmental testing  -  Fertilizers  -  Flow fields  -  Gas compressors  -  Humidity control  -  Manures  -  Mixing  -  Smoke  -  Temperature  -  Ventilation   -  Ventilation exhausts  -  Veterinary medicine

Uncontrolled terms: Air conditioning compressors  -  Air velocities  -  Environmental control  -  Environmental control system  -  Environmental variables  -  Flow field simulation  -  Pig building  -  Programmable logical controller

Classification code: 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  618.1 Compressors  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  643.3 Air Conditioning  -  643.5 Ventilation  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 5.75e-02yr, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 8.00e+01%, Time 2.00e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Regulation of nitrogen fertilizer based on portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis in Jiangxi double cropping rice

Accession number: 20191906900299

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yanda (1); Shu, Shifu (1); Chen, Licai (1); Ye, Chun (1); Huang, Junbao (1); Sun, Binfeng (1); Wang, Kangjun (1); Cao, Zhongsheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Information Technology in Agriculture, Nanchang; 330200, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 100-106

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The fast, real-time, non-destructive and quantitative monitoring of plant nitrogen status and precise regulation of nitrogen fertilizer has important practical significance for the development of double cropping rice production with higher yield, better grain quality, higher economic efficiency and more ecological safety. The objective of this study was to establish regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer for double cropping rice based on the portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis, which was a multi-spectral sensor containing 810 and 720 nm detection lens and structurally was divided into up-sensor and down-sensor, then recommend nitrogen topdressing rate, so as to achieve precise management of nitrogen topdressing. The spectra monitoring model of leaf area index (LAI) was established based on the datasets of field experiment with different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates. The nitrogen topdressing rate were calculated with the newly developed regulation of nitrogen fertilizer model and high yield cultivation experience with LAI, which was real-time estimated from the differential vegetation index (DVI) at jointing stage. Then the recommend nitrogen topdressing rate and grain yield were compared with those of farmer’s nitrogen management treatment. Canopy DVI (810, 720) was well positive correlated with LAI at key development stages (tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and filling stage) of the double cropping rice, and the linear function better fitted the relation than other functions. The models were validated using independent field experiment datasets, involving different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates, the prediction effect of model for single stage was better than the whole stage, especially at jointing stage. The coefficient of determination (R2) of spectral monitoring model for LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.880 6 and 0.878 8, respectively. The root mean square error (RMSE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), correlation coefficient (r) of prediction of LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.30 and 0.25, 7.28% and 6.18%, 0.923 2 and 0.926 9, respectively. The results of recommend nitrogen topdressing based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that the panicle nitrogen rate of compact plant type cultivar was higher than that of loose plant type cultivar. Compared with the farmer’s nitrogen management treatment, the regulation treatments based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer obtained equivalent or high grain yield with reduced nitrogen application rate 6.58 kg/hm2, while nitrogen agronomic efficiency, net income and yield-cost ratio was improved 0.82 percent point, 103 yuan/hm2 and 0.9, respectively. Compared with the normal method, the real-time topdressing regulation method based on portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis can reduce nitrogen application rate, raise nitrogen agronomic efficiency and higher economic benefits are also achieved on the premise of grain yield, which has a potential to be widely applied for precise nitrogen management and high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Nitrogen fertilizers

Controlled terms: Agronomy  -  Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Efficiency  -  Fertilizers  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Mean square error  -  Monitoring  -  Nitrogen  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Crop growth  -  Double cropping  -  Grain yield  -  Leaf Area Index  -  Vegetation index

Classification code: 804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 6.18e+00%, Percentage 7.28e+00%, Percentage 8.20e-01%, Size 7.20e-07m, Size 8.10e-07m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Effects of global warming and plastic mulching on cotton-planting zoning with different matures in Xinjiang

Accession number: 20191906900298

Title of translation:

Authors: Hu, Liting (1, 2); Hu, Qi (1); Pan, Xuebiao (1); Ma, Xueqing (1); Xu, Lin (1); Wang, Xiangru (2); Zhang, Hengheng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Anyang; 455000, China

Corresponding author: Hu, Qi(s10020292@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 90-99

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Xinjiang is a main producing area of cotton in China. This study investigated the effects of global warming and plastic mulching on cotton-planting zoning of different matures in Xinjiang. The climatic data were from 173 meteorological stations during 1960-2015 in temperate zone around Xinjiang within a range of 200 km. The digital elevation mode data were from the United States Geological Survey, which had the resolution about 900 m. We analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of accumulated temperature not less than 10, frost-free period and mean temperature in July with the aid of ANUSPLIN interpolation software. The cotton-growing area was classified based on these 3 parameters. In addition, the change of planting boundaries and area of different cotton matures were studied with climate change and the compensation effect of plastic mulching. The main results included: 1) the accumulated temperature not less than 10, frost-free period and mean temperature in July showed an increasing trend in 1960-2015. Regional differences on thermal resources were obvious in Xinjiang. The accumulated temperature not less than 10, frost-free period and mean temperature in July were closely related to the terrain elevation. The thermal resources was richer in the southern Xinjiang than those the northern Xinjiang and richer in plain areas than in mountain areas. 2) under global warming, the ratio of planting areas of middle mature and early-middle mature cotton all increased. The area of middle mature cotton region increased by 3.82×104 km2, and the main increase areas were located in the eastern part of tarim basin. The increased area of early-middle mature cotton was widely distributed in the eastern Junggar Basin, the southern Turpan Basin, the southern Hami Basin and the western Tarim Basin. But the proportion of planting area of early maturing cotton did not change significantly and exceptional early-mature and unsuitable areas decreased. 3) the accumulated temperature not less than 10 oC and mean temperature in July were the main limiting factors in unsuitable planting areas, besides the areas near Tianshan, Altai and Kunlun Mountains were also restricted by frost-free period. The main thermal limiting factors in early-middle mature cotton areas (Taha), early mature cotton areas and most regions of exceptional early-mature were limited by the accumulated temperature not less than 10. 4) cotton plastic mulching had no significant influence on the planting boundaries of middle mature, early mature and unsuitable planting areas. But it had a significant influence on the planting boundaries of cotton areas in the area of the Junggar basin. With plastic mulching, the planting boundary of early-middle mature cotton extended 65 km to the east approximately, and that of early mature cotton areas extended 0-300 km to the east. With the plastic mulching, the planting area of early-middle mature cotton (Yeta) increased by 5.47×104 km2, some of which was from the former Taha cotton area. In addition, the planting areas of early mature and exceptional early-mature cotton decreased by 1.4% and 1.6% respectively. This study provide an effective method for cotton-planting zoning of different matures in Xinjiang. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Cultivation

Controlled terms: Cotton  -  Global warming  -  Landforms  -  Zoning

Uncontrolled terms: Accumulated temperatures  -  Compensation effects  -  Digital elevation mode  -  Meteorological station  -  Plastic mulching  -  Spatio-temporal variation  -  United states geological surveys  -  Xinjiang

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  481.1 Geology  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.40e+00%, Percentage 1.60e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e+05m, Size 2.00e+05m, Size 9.00e+02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Effects of different tillage practices on soil organic carbon of cultivated land in Gansu Yellow River irrigation district

Accession number: 20191906900301

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Sicun (1); Wang, Chengbao (1); Huo, Lin (1); Jiang, Wanli (1); Wen, Meijuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou; 730070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 114-121

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: It is necessary to improve plough layer for solving the problems of shallow and compacted plough layer and plough layer lack, which are caused by a long-term single rotation and shallow tillage. In order to examine the effects of different tillage practices on soil organic carbon contents and storages, soil organic carbon stratification ratio of cultivated land, four single tillage treatments and two rotational tillage treatments were conducted including conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), subsoiling tillage (ST), no tillage (NT) treatment and conventional tillage -no tillage (CT-NT), subsoiling-no tillage (ST-NT) in Gansu Yellow River irrigation district on continuous 8-year-tillage cornfields from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that the 0-40 cm layers organic carbon contents and storages of continuous no-tillage (NT) were significantly increased by 4.45% and 5.27% compared with CT, 7.23% and 8.50% compared with RT. Continuous subsoiling tillage (ST) also had a good carbon sequestration effect, second only to NT in four single tillage practice, the organic carbon contents and storages were significantly increased by 2.28% and 4.03% compared with CT, 3.52% and 7.22% compared with RT. Continuous conventional tillage (CT) and rotary tillage (RT) both significantly reduced soil organic carbon contents and storages, the decreases of soil organic carbon contents and storages were 2.79%, 2.32% and 1.18%, 0.62% respectively, and the reduction of RT were greater than CT. The two rotational treatments of CT-NT and ST-NT both had good carbon sequestration effect, and also accorded with the local farmers operating habits, the organic carbon contents were significantly increased by 2.44% and 4.82% compared with CT, and 5.12% and 7.55% compared with RT respectively, and the organic carbon storages increased by 2.50% and 5.47% compared with CT, and 5.64% and 8.70% compared with RT. The soil organic carbon were stratified by different tillage practices, the stratification of SR•Cc(stratification ratio of organic carbon content )showed significant difference from the first year, but the stratification of SR•esm (stratification ratio of organic carbon storage)came to this until the third year. The stratification of organic carbon contents were more manifested in different soil layers, the mean values of SR3 and SR2 were respectively higher 29.12% and 9.32% than those of SR1(The ratio of organic carbon content in soil layer of 0-10 cm to 10-20 cm), but there were little change between treatments at the same level. However, the organic carbon storages were stratified only below the topsoil, the mean value of SR2 (The ratio of organic carbon storage in soil layer of 0-10 cm to 20-30 cm)same as SR1, but SR3 (The ratio of organic carbon reserves in soil layer of 0-10 cm to 30-40 cm) was higher 17.82% than SR1. Moreover, the stratified characteristics were obvious among the same layers, RT was significantly lower and NT was significantly higher than other treatments at the same level. We consider the most typical reason for this situation was the soil bulk density between different tillage treatments in calculating the SR•esm. As for which calculation method can better represent the stratification characteristics of soil organic carbon, more in-depth research is needed. Therefore, any single tillage measure has its limitations, and the two rotational tillage treatments of CT-NT and ST-NT are ideal tillage practices, which had certain application value in this regional agricultural development. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Organic carbon

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Cultivation  -  Forestry  -  Irrigation  -  Land use  -  Rivers  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural development  -  Carbon sequestration  -  Irrigation districts  -  Organic carbon contents  -  Organic carbon storages  -  Soil organic carbon content  -  Stratification ratios  -  Tillage practices

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.18e+00%, Percentage 1.78e+01%, Percentage 2.28e+00%, Percentage 2.32e+00%, Percentage 2.44e+00%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 2.79e+00%, Percentage 2.91e+01%, Percentage 3.52e+00%, Percentage 4.03e+00%, Percentage 4.45e+00%, Percentage 4.82e+00%, Percentage 5.12e+00%, Percentage 5.27e+00%, Percentage 5.47e+00%, Percentage 5.64e+00%, Percentage 6.20e-01%, Percentage 7.22e+00%, Percentage 7.23e+00%, Percentage 7.55e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+00%, Percentage 8.70e+00%, Percentage 9.32e+00%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-01m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Influence of balance drum clearance on pressure of front cavity of first stage impeller and axial force of multistage pump

Accession number: 20191906900291

Title of translation:

Authors: Qian, Chen (1); Yang, Congxin (1); Fu, You (1); Zhang, Yang (1); Hou, Kaiwen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 33-39

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The ability of the balance drum to balance the axial force is the key factor for the failure of multistage centrifugal pump. However, during the operation of the balance drum, due to the long-term collision with the liquid or the friction with the casing, the leakage amount at the balance drum clearance is gradually increased, resulting in the balance drum being worn. Therefore, studying the leakage flow is critical to the ability of the balance drum to accurately balance the axial force of the entire impeller. In this paper, three-dimensional turbulent flow of multistage centrifugal pump was simulated by using the CFD code FLUENT. Besides, steady simulation was conducted for different operating points of the pump, the turbulence was simulated with shear stress transportation(SST) turbulence model together with automatic near wall treatment. CFD results were compared with those from the model test. And the results of the pressure and leakage in the balance pipe and the external characteristics of the multistage pump were basically consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the maximum errors of head, efficiency and shaft power were 4.17%, 2.81% and 4.25% respectively, but the experimental flow rate of balance pipe was always greater than the simulated one. This was mainly because the influence of orifice flowmeter in the pipe had been not taken into account in the numerical simulation. The maximum error of the flow rate of the balanced pipe at the design point was 4.49%. The maximum error of pressure was 2.5%. It showed that the calculation method selected in this paper could provide a reliable guarantee for this study. The results showed that at the design flow rate, the liquid pressure in the front cavity of the first impeller increased gradually along the axial direction from the inlet section to the outlet section. When the balance drum clearance was less than 0.2 mm, the pressure distribution along the radial direction was uniform in each section. But when the clearance was more than 0.2 mm, it was asymmetric. Furthermore, with the increase of clearance, the pressure inhomogeneity became more obvious. Moreover, at 0.5Q(Q is design flow, Q=128 m3/h) and 1.5Q flow rates, there was no obvious regularity of pressure increment along the radial direction under different clearances. The pressure increment was the smallest when the balance drum clearance was 0.3 mm, and the biggest when the balance drum clearance was 0. And under the above 2 conditions, the minimum increments were 50.7% and 88.9% of the maximum, respectively. When the clearance increased from 0 to 0.5 mm, under design flow rate, the pressure increased gradually along the radial direction. Wherein, when the clearance was 0 and 0.5 mm, the pressure increment was the maximum value and the minimum value, respectively, and the minimum value was 44.6% of the maximum value. Besides, there was a large vortex region in the front cavity of the first impeller, when the clearance of balance drums was 0, 0.3 and 0.5 mm, respectively. The vortex region decreased gradually with the increase of flow rate, which indicated that the appearance of the vortex region was the main reason for the change of pressure in the cavity. In addition, with the increase of clearance, the total axial force of 11 stage impellers decreased first and then increased. And when non-dimensionalized balance drum clearance area was greater than 6.6×10-3, the balance drum could not effectively balance the axial force. Furthermore, the bearing had a greater risk of fracture in this range. This research can provide useful reference for design of balance drum and prediction of risk of bearing fracture. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Computational fluid dynamics

Controlled terms: Axial flow  -  Centrifugal pumps  -  Errors  -  Flow rate  -  Impellers  -  Pressure  -  Pumps  -  Shear stress  -  Vortex flow  -  Wall function

Uncontrolled terms: Axial forces  -  External characteristic  -  Multi-stage centrifugal pumps  -  Near-wall treatment  -  Numerical calculation  -  Orifice flowmeters  -  Pressure increments  -  Three-dimensional turbulent flow

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components  -  618.2 Pumps  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 2.81e+00%, Percentage 4.17e+00%, Percentage 4.25e+00%, Percentage 4.46e+01%, Percentage 4.49e+00%, Percentage 5.07e+01%, Percentage 8.89e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-04m, Size 2.00e-04m, Size 3.00e-04m, Size 5.00e-04m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Quality and safety traceable information mining in wheat flour processing based on risk matrix and flow analysis method

Accession number: 20191906900324

Title of translation:

Authors: Qian, Jianping (1, 2); Song, Yingzhuo (1, 3); Wang, Shanshan (1, 4); Wu, Xiaoming (1, 2); Luo, Jiyang (5)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-product Quality Traceability, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin; 300222, China; (4) College of Information, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (5) Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing; 100176, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 302-308

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Traceability information in wheat flour processing is complex because of various sources of raw and auxiliary materials. Collecting and confirmation of the information in existed method depends on developer’s experience or information availability. The lack of in-depth mining and analysis has affected the efficiency of information collection and the continuous application of traceability. The study is based on the data of 15 518 batches of wheat flour sampled by the former State Food and Drug Administration from January 1, 2014 to March 31, 2018. The geographical distribution of the unqualified products and the causes of the unqualified products were analyzed. In the 74 batches of unqualified products, 45 batches were caused by deoxynivalenol. The result from benzoperoxide is 12 batches. The other substances such as aluminum, lead, cadmium, benzopyrone and dehydroacetic acid, is respectively 10 batches, 2 batches, 2 batches, 2 batches and 1 batch. Therefore, the ranking of seven main factors causing wheat flour quality and safety were deoxynivalenol, benzoperoxide, aluminum, lead/cadmium/benzopyrone and dehydroacetic acid. The ranking was acted as the probability of hazard occurrence. According to different international measurement indicators, the risk was assigned to 7 kinds of risks by using different hazard indicators such as LD50 value and carcinogenicity. The higher assessment value was, the higher risk harm degree. In the 7 substances, benzopyrone had the highest risk harm degree and benzoperoxide had the lowest risk harm degree. A two-dimensional risk matrix was constructed based on the probability of hazard occurrence and the severity of hazard occurrence. According to the risk identification, the risk of deoxynivalenol was the highest, which was level 4; the risk of benzopyrone was level 3; the risk of benzoperoxide, aluminum, lead and cadmium was the second level; the risk of dehydroacetic acid was the lowest. Through wheat processing flow analysis and hazard substances orientating, the key nodes of wheat flour traceability was identified, which included dynamic links such as raw material storage, raw grain storage and material addition, as well as static status of equipment and packaging materials feature. Based on the risk analysis result, the wheat flour processing management and traceability system was designed and developed with the batches coding and association rules of raw batches, processing batches and traceability batches, and the key traceable information. The system includes basic information management, raw material storage information collection, raw material storage information management, processing information collection, testing information collection, bar code generation and printing, query and statistics and system management functions. This paper proposes a key traceability information mining method based on risk matrix method and process analysis in wheat flour processing, and is applied to the development of actual traceability system. Compared with existing systems, the traceability of the processing process can be realized by correlating the different batches of raw materials, processing batches and finished products with this system. The traceability accuracy can be improved. When quality and safety problems occur, the system is more conducive to the realization of accurate recall. On the other hand, the system is improved by combining the traceability and hierarchical information of mining, which can improve the efficiency and pertinence of information acquisition in the process of wheat flour processing and facilitate the application of the system in wheat flour processing enterprises. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Information management

Controlled terms: Agricultural products  -  Aluminum  -  Bar codes  -  Cadmium  -  Data mining  -  Digital storage  -  Efficiency  -  Food processing  -  Geographical distribution  -  Hazards   -  Mining  -  Packaging materials  -  Quality control  -  Risk analysis  -  Risk assessment  -  Search engines  -  Storage (materials)

Uncontrolled terms: Hierarchical information  -  Information acquisitions  -  Information availability  -  Process analysis  -  Risk matrix  -  State food and drug administrations  -  Traceability  -  Wheat flours

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying  -  502.1 Mine and Quarry Operations  -  541.1 Aluminum  -  549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals  -  694.2 Packaging Materials  -  694.4 Storage  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  822.2 Food Processing Operations  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  922 Statistical Methods

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Effects of chemical and clay mineral additives on phosphorus transformation during cow manure and corn stover composting

Accession number: 20191906900317

Title of translation:

Authors: Gao, Binbin (1); Wang, Xuan (2); Wang, Jue (1); Fan, Bingqian (1); Chang, Ruixue (1); Chen, Qing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture, Shijiazhuang; 050021, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Qing(qchen@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 242-249

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Although livestock manure is an excellent fertilizer and its composting can become into more stable and nutritional organic fertilizer, it typically has a low N/P ratio compared with crop requirements. The overuse of manures leads to serious phosphorus (P) accumulation in soil, especially in vegetable and fruit production process that increased the potential of P loss in runoff making it became one of the major P sources to eutrophic water bodies. In order to decrease the risk of P runoff from fields with organic fertilizer input, several kinds of additives in organic fertilizer were studied in recent years. In current study, two kinds of additives, chemical substances (calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide (MgO), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4•7H2O), alum (KAl(SO4)2•12H2O),) and clay mineral (vermiculite, zeolite, medical stone, bentonite), were chosen to study their potential effects on P stabilization, forms and transformation during cow manures and corn stalk composting. The addition ratio of additives was 2.5% of the dry weight of the compost material in different treatments. The evolution of total phosphorus (TP) and phosphorus speciation of compost were analyzed during the 35 days’ composting process, while the solid samples were taken at various stages (the 0, 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th day) of composting. Furthermore, the P contents and fractionation in composted products on 35th day were analyzed using Hedley P fractionation method, and were sequentially extracted by deionized water (H2O-P), NaHCO3 (NaHCO3-P), NaOH (NaOH-P), HCl (HCl-P) and H2SO4-H2O2 (Residual-P). The results showed that compared with the control treatment, the addition of CaO, MgO, FeSO4 and KAl(SO4)2 significantly decreased the percentage of water extracted phosphorus (WEP) in TP by 38.0%, 60.2%, 58.8% and 28.9% after 35 days composting, respectively. Adding the vermiculite and zeolite decreased the percentage of WEP in TP by 11.7%, 17.3%, respectively. The results of Hedley P fractionation showed that the addition of CaO and MgO mainly decreased the proportion of H2O-Pi, whereas increased the proportion of NaHCO3-Pi, HCl-Pi and HCl-Po, residual-P. The addition of FeSO4 and KAl(SO4)2 mainly decreased the proportion of H2O-Pi, whereas increased the proportion of NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po, residual-P. For the addition of clay minerals, we all observed a slight decrease in H2O-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi, and a slight rise in HCl-Pi. The addition of MgO greatly increased the pH value, which may delay the composting process and increase ammonia volatilization, while the other additives had little effect on pH value changing. Therefore, FeSO4, KAl(SO4)2, zeolite and vermiculite had relative better performance for stabilizing P during cow manure composting. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 44

Main heading: Fertilizers

Controlled terms: Additives  -  Agricultural runoff  -  Agriculture  -  Aluminum compounds  -  Ammonia  -  Bentonite  -  Chemical water treatment  -  Chlorine compounds  -  Clay minerals  -  Composting   -  Deionized water  -  Extraction  -  Iron compounds  -  Lime  -  Magnesia  -  Manures  -  Passivation  -  pH  -  Phosphorus  -  Polonium compounds   -  Sodium bicarbonate  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Sulfur compounds  -  Zeolites

Uncontrolled terms: Ammonia volatilization  -  Chemical amendments  -  Chemical substance  -  Different treatments  -  Hedley P fractionations  -  Organic fertilizers  -  Phosphorus speciation  -  Phosphorus transformations

Classification code: 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques  -  482.2 Minerals  -  539.2.1 Protection Methods  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 9.59e-02yr, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.73e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 2.89e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 5.88e+01%, Percentage 6.02e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Study on inhibitory effect of trans-2-hexenal on growth of P. expansum at kiwi fruit storage

Accession number: 20191906900323

Title of translation: -2-

Authors: Duan, Tengfei (1, 2); Li, Zhao (1); Yue, Tianli (1); Xia, Qiuxia (1); Meng, Jianghong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) School of Biological and Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou; 234000, China

Corresponding author: Yue, Tianli(yuetl@nwsuaf.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 293-301

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Patulin is a neurotoxic secondary metabolite that causes a series of acute and chronic conditions such as enteritis, dyspnea and cancer when the body consumes excessive amounts. China is the birthplace of kiwifruit and the largest producer of kiwifruit in the world. A large number of studies had shown that kiwifruit is susceptible to infection with penicillium expansum (P.expansum) and patulin accumulation during harvesting, storage and processing which not only causes waste, but also harms human health. Therefore, it is necessary to study a safe and effective method to control P.expansum and patulin accumulation of kiwifruit and its products. Trans-2-hexenal is a characteristic aroma component naturally present in kiwi, apple and other fruits. Studies had shown that trans-2-hexenal has a certain inhibitory effect on microorganisms. This article studied the inhibitory effect of hexenal on the growth of P.expansum and the production of patulin. Firstly, the five strains of P.expansum (CICC40658, CGMCC3.3703, LPH6, LPH5, WY) were inoculated into PDA medium plates containing bacteriostatic substance concentration of 5 mg/mL which kept at 28and the diameter of the colony was measured by the cross method every day. Study the antibacterial effect of trans-2-hexenal and eight antibacterial substances reported in the literature (citric acid, limonene, malic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, quercetin, catechin, sodium diacetate, oxalic acid) on 5 strains of P.expansum. Determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of trans-2-hexenal by antibacterial test of 5 strains of P.expansum when trans-2-hexenal at a concentration of 40, 60, 80, 100 μL/L. Then 3 mm of sterile iron nails were used to perforate the equator of kiwifruit and 10 μL 1.0×106 cfu/mL spore suspension of 5 test strains were inoculated which simulating injury of kiwifruit secondary infection P.expansum. The kiwifruit in vivo test was carried out by adding trans-hexenal aldehyde at a concentration of 100 μL/L and determined the kiwifruit hardness, soluble solids, titratable acid, reducing sugar, vitamin C, pH value and fruit decay rate to study the effect of trans-2-hexenal on the quality of kiwifruit and the patulin content in kiwifruit was measured by HPLC. Lastly, the effect of trans-2-hexenal on the morphology of 5 strains of P.expansum was observed by scanning electron microscope. The results shown: Compared with the eight antibacterial substances, trans-2-hexenal had the best antibacterial effect and it could completely inhibit the growth of 5 strains of Penicillium expansum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the five strains was 100, 80, 80, 80 and 80 μL/L, respectively; trans-2-hexenal significantly reduced the effect of P. expansum on kiwi fruit firmness, titratable acid and vitamin C (P0.01) on the fruit firm, soluble solids, pH value and reducing sugar content of kiwifruit. The rot rate of kiwi fruit with P. expansum was reduced and the quality of kiwifruit was better maintained by Trans-2-hexenal. All the aldehyde-treated kiwifruits were not detected by patulin; the scanning electron microscope showed that the five strains showed hyphal shrinkage, folding, drying, and sporulation reduction. Trans-2-hexenal has a good inhibitory effect on the growth of P.expansum and the production of patulin and provides a theoretical basis for the development of natural products with antibacterial effects. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: pH effects

Controlled terms: Aldehydes  -  Amino acids  -  Bacteria  -  Birds  -  Energy storage  -  Flavonoids  -  Fruits  -  Metabolites  -  Oxalic acid  -  Phenols   -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Sodium compounds

Uncontrolled terms: Antibacterial effects  -  Kiwi  -  P.expansum  -  Patulin  -  Trans-2-hexenal

Classification code: 525.7 Energy Storage  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 5.00e+00kg/m3, Size 3.00e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Effect of aeolian sand content on durability of concrete under freezing-thawing-carbonization coupling

Accession number: 20191906900307

Title of translation: -

Authors: Shen, Xiangdong (1); Zou, Yuxiao (1); Xue, Huijun (1); Li, Genfeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 161-167

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: China is one of the countries with abundant reserves of aeolian sand in the world. Aeolian sand is widely distributed in North China. If the material can be taken locally in the construction of the project, that is, the aeolian sand can be used to replace natural river sand as fine aggregate to prepare concrete, which can not only promote the development of the construction industry, but also slow down the sand damage and benefit the environment. According to the actual service environment of concrete in the agricultural water conservancy projects of cold regions, the river sand was replaced by aeolian sand, and the concrete samples with different aeolian sand substitution rates were prepared. And they were used as the research objects for the freeze-thaw cycle-carbonization coupling test. An analysis was conducted on the damage process of aeolian sand concrete under the influence of freezing-thaw cycle-carbonization coupling. The relationship between the pore structure evolution of concrete and its durability was discussed by nuclear magnetic resonance instrument. The internal damage of different treatments concrete were analyzed by measuring the mass loss and dynamic elastic modulus of different periods of concrete. The test results showed that under the condition of the same number of freeze-thaw cycles and carbonization time in each test cycle, the damage caused by freeze-thaw cycle-carbonization was greater than that of carbonization-freeze-thaw cycle. With the increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles and carbonization time, the concrete mass loss rate significantly increased while the relative dynamic elastic modulus greatly decreased; when the replacement rate of aeolian sand increased from 0 to 40%, the initial porosity of the concrete decreased, and the mass loss rate and relative dynamic modulus change in the test decreased. So the porosity of the concrete could not be used as an indicator in this test to accurately evaluate concrete durability; the pore distribution of concrete at different time was measured by nuclear magnetic resonance technology. The internal pores of concrete were divided to gel pores (0-0.05 μm), capillary pores (>0.05-1 μm), less harmful pores (>1-10 μm) and more harmful pores (>10 μm). Through the correlation analysis between the evolution of four kinds of pore proportions and the porosity and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete, it was found the proportion of gel pores and less harmful pores in concrete had a dominant effect on its porosity and relative dynamic elastic modulus. When the ratio of gel pores to less harmful pores was 5 - 25, the change of the relative dynamic elastic modulus and porosity were not more than 1%; and the change of the relative dynamic elastic modulus and porosity of the concrete were change obviously when the ratio of gel pores to less harmful pores was 0-5; The addition of aeolian sand improved the pore distribution of concrete, and the aeolian sand concrete with an aeolian sand replacement rate of 40% showed a good resistance to freeze-thaw and carbonization. This study can provide a basis for the research and application of aeolian sand concrete in agricultural water conservancy projects of cold regions. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Concrete testing

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Carbonization  -  Concretes  -  Construction industry  -  Durability  -  Elastic moduli  -  Freezing  -  Nuclear magnetic resonance  -  Pore structure  -  Porosity   -  Sand  -  Testing  -  Thawing  -  Water management

Uncontrolled terms: Correlation analysis  -  Different treatments  -  Durability of concretes  -  Dynamic elastic moduli  -  Freeze-thaw cycles  -  Nuclear magnetic resonance technology  -  Relative dynamic modulus  -  Research and application

Classification code: 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying  -  412 Concrete  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 0.00e+00% to 4.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-08m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Information extraction of cotton lodging based on multi-spectral image from UAV remote sensing

Accession number: 20191906900295

Title of translation:

Authors: Dai, Jianguo (1, 3); Zhang, Guoshun (1, 3); Guo, Peng (2); Zeng, Tiaojun (1); Cui, Meina (1, 3); Xue, Jinli (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (3) Geospatial Information Engineering Research Center, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi; 832003, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 63-70

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Extracting crop lodging information, such as spatial location and area, is very critical to agricultural disaster assessment and agricultural insurance claim. It is hard work to measure the lodging information using traditional methods such as a ground survey. A survey method using remote sensing techniques can quickly and efficiently obtain crop lodging information, but it is limited by the lack of timely and available satellite remote sensing data. In recent years, the application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) develop rapidly in the agricultural field, which makes UAV equipped with image sensors become a portable, stable and efficient crop survey tool with the characteristics of low cost, high timeliness, and small weather impact. A few scholars have measured the lodging area of wheat and corn crops using visible or multispectral images. However, studies using UAV multispectral images to survey cotton lodging information have not been published. Therefore, a survey method of cotton lodging using multi-spectral image was derived from UAV remote sensing experiment which was carried out in the 135th Regiment of the 8th Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on August 23 of 2017. In this study, the spectral characteristics of lodging and normal cotton were first analyzed and summarized, and a series of vegetation indices were calculated. 16 texture features of the first two components were calculated according to gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) after principal component analysis (PCA), and the optimal texture features were selected in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) and the relative difference (RD). The result showed that it was apparently different between lodging and normal cotton in spectral curves and texture features. Compared with normal cotton, the difference in reflectance of the lodging cotton in the visible wavebands was small, while was significant in the red and near-infrared bands, in which the reflectance dropped about 0.12-0.20. The main reason for this phenomenon might be the collapse of the cotton canopy structure. Mean of the first principal component(PCA1_mean), PCA1_entropy, PCA1_homogeneity, PCA2_mean, and PCA2_homogeneity texture features had the lower CV and higher RD, which were very suitable for classification of normal and lodging cotton. Then, 10 vegetation indices and 5 texture features of the measured samples were calculated as characteristics index, and the training set and test set were divided. Forward stepwise was used to select the best features on the data set. Binary Logistic models on lodging and normal cotton classification were constructed with different features combination, including spectral model, texture model, and spectral-texture model. The prediction accuracies of the classification models were evaluated by ground survey samples. All classification models had a good classification effect on lodging and normal cotton. Among them, the texture model constructed with the PCA1_mean had the highest precision, and the classification accuracy on the test set was 91.30%. The classification accuracies of spectral-texture model and spectral model were following, but the classification accuracy was also more than 85%. Finally, the classification models were applied to the multi-spectral image at the pixel level, and 3 thematic classification maps were created. Compared with the visual interpretation results, the texture model has the best classification effect. The “salt-and-pepper plaque” of the thematic map was the least, and the lodging crop had the characteristic of aggregation occurring in space. The ROC(receiver operating characteristic) curve was closest to the upper left corner and the calculated AUC(area under the ROC curve) value was 0.80. According to the results of the study, we may safely draw the conclusion that the method to extract lodging cotton information using the multi-spectral image of UAV remote sensing based on optimum texture features is accurate. The lodging classification has a high accuracy of mapping, which is basically consistent with the actual lodging in the field. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Classification (of information)

Controlled terms: Antennas  -  Cotton  -  Crops  -  Disasters  -  Image processing  -  Information use  -  Infrared devices  -  Insurance  -  Maps  -  Principal component analysis   -  Reflection  -  Remote sensing  -  Space optics  -  Spectroscopy  -  Surveys  -  Textures  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: First principal components  -  Gray level co occurrence matrix(GLCM)  -  Logistic models  -  Multi-spectral  -  Receiver operating characteristics  -  Remote sensing techniques  -  Satellite remote sensing data  -  Texture analysis

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  656.1 Space Flight  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  903.1 Information Sources and Analysis  -  903.3 Information Retrieval and Use  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.13e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Innovation of agricultural engineering management in pursuing rural revitalization strategy in China

Accession number: 20191906900287

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhu, Ming (1); Sui, Bin (1); Qi, Fei (1); Yang, Zhao (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Institute of Agricultural Development and Investment, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Zhao(4255518@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-9

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Agricultural engineering plays a key role in agricultural and rural modernization. Innovation in agricultural engineering management should promote the prosperity of rural industry, promote the well-off life of farmers, and improve the level of ecological livability, and it is an important way to implement the strategy of rural revitalization. At present, agricultural engineering management system in China has not been effectively established, engineering management lags behind technology management, and the main roles do not fully act their functions. The management of agricultural engineering should be improved urgently, and the management efficiency should be improved urgently. In agricultural infrastructure engineering, agricultural mechanization engineering, protected agriculture engineering, agricultural products processing and storage engineering, agricultural products circulation engineering, resource and environmental protection engineering, agricultural information engineering and other major agricultural engineerings, management should be innovated by using the integrated methodology. The solution of a series of complex scientific problems in the agricultural engineering management needs the guidance of methodology, which is the integration and development of modern scientific methodology in agricultural engineering management. Focusing on the important demands of rural revitalization, the ‘four-all’ management system was proposed in this paper, which means the all-systems integration, all-factors integration, all-links optimization and all-department coordination in agricultural engineering. This system was used to analyze 3 key parts of agricultural engineering management which were target management, process management and dynamic control. In target management, various complex environmental factors, such as nature, society, humanity, technology and so on should be considered comprehensively. The overall objectives of agricultural engineering should be continuously controlled, coordinated and optimized. In the process management, considering the multi-department and multi-interest demands of the government, enterprises, scientific research institutions and farmers, emphasis should be placed on engineering practice, incentive and restraint mechanisms should be institutionalized in the whole process of agricultural planning, design, implementation, operation and retirement. In dynamic control, the external risks such as market risk, natural risk, technological risk, financial risk and engineering self risks should be faced, and feed forward control, field control and feedback control should be combined. Finally, specific suggestions on strengthening top-level design of agricultural engineering, division roles and coordination among departments, legislative construction, supervision and evaluation were put forward. This methodology system is expected to provide reference for agricultural engineering management. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Information management

Controlled terms: Agricultural engineering  -  Agricultural products  -  Environmental management  -  Environmental technology  -  Integration  -  Machinery  -  Management  -  Process control  -  Virtual storage

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural informations  -  Agricultural mechanization  -  Engineering management  -  Environmental factors  -  Integrated methodology  -  Protected agricultures  -  Scientific methodology  -  Technology managements

Classification code: 454 Environmental Engineering  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  912 Industrial Engineering and Management  -  912.2 Management  -  921.2 Calculus

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Analysis of rice compression fracture load in processes with various temperatures and moisture content

Accession number: 20191906900321

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Zhonghua (1, 2); Wang, Shanshan (1); Dong, Xiaolin (1); Li, Kai (1); Zhao, Lijuan (1, 2); Zhang, Zhongjie (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin; 300222, China; (2) Research Center of Low-Carbon Green Process Equipment, Tianjin; 300222, China; (3) Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing; 100037, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 278-283

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Harvested fresh rice kernels would encounter compress load with various intensities in the sequent drying, storage and milling processes. Excess compress load which exceed the fracture load of the rice kernel may cause rice cracking, which reduces the head rice yield and its economical value of the rice kernel. The compress fracture load is an important property parameter of paddy rice in sequent processing and it is necessary to know exactly the value of this parameter. In this paper, the compression fracture load of rice kernel was determined using the statistics analysis method. A series of mechanical compression experiments were conducted on the rice kernels with various moisture contents of 14%-21% and temperatures of 16-60 and the value of the compression fracture load in each experiment was recorded. Through the large sample statistics analysis, it was found that under the same temperature and moisture content, the compression fracture load of rice kernels had different values which may be caused by the various growing environment and the statistical distribution characteristics was demonstrated for the compression fracture load. In the view of statistics, the concept of the median and large compress fracture load were proposed and used to express the compression fracture load statistically. In the case of the moisture content of 14% and temperature of 16, the rice kernels was determined to have the median fracture load F50 of 63 N and the large fracture load F90 of 80 N. The effects of two important process parameters of the rice temperature and moisture content, on the compression fracture load of rice kernel were also investigated and it was found that the compression fracture load decreased with the increase of the rice kernel temperature, and increased with the decrease of the moisture content of the rice kernel, and the moisture content had a greater impact on the fracture load than the temperature. When the moisture content of the rice kernel was decreased from 21%, to 18%, 16% and 14% at the temperature of 16, the median compression fracture load F50 was 47, 51, 58, 63 N and the large compression fracture load F90 was 60, 65, 74, 80 N. When the moisture content of the rice kernel was decreased from 21%, to 18%, 16% and 14% at the temperature of 60, the median compression fracture load F50 was 27, 33, 42, 49 N and the large compression fracture load F90 was 35, 42, 52, 60 N. The glass transition theory played an important role in explaining the change of the fracture load of rice kernel. In this paper, when the rice kernel from a high temperature and high moisture content (60, 21%) status changes into a low temperature and low moisture content (16, 14%) one, it transits correspondingly from the rubber state into the glass state, and the large fracture load F90 increased from 35 to 80 N. The fracture load of rice kernels obtained in the view of statistics have more accurate physical meaning and was helpful to rice process optimization and improvement of rice quality. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Fracture

Controlled terms: Drying  -  Glass  -  Glass transition  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Milling (machining)  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Optimization  -  Statistical methods  -  Statistics   -  Stress analysis  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Compression fracture  -  Growing environments  -  High moisture contents  -  Hot air drying  -  Mechanical compression  -  Rough rice  -  Statistical distribution  -  Statistics analysis

Classification code: 604.2 Machining Operations  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  812.3 Glass  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Force 3.50e+01N to 8.00e+01N, Force 4.90e+01N, Force 6.00e+01N, Force 6.30e+01N, Force 8.00e+01N, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01% to 2.10e+01%, Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Effect of years of manure fertilizer application on soil organic carbon component, its source and corn yield

Accession number: 20191906900300

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Juan (1); Xu, Ningtong (1); Meng, Qingfeng (1); Jiang, Baiwen (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Corresponding author: Jiang, Baiwen(jbwneau@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 107-113

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Soil salinization is common phenomenon in Songnen Plain of northeast China, which seriously restricts the development of agriculture. Long-term manure application can significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon, which is the major method for saline-sodic soils amelioration. According to the cattle manure application history, manure applied to saline-sodic soils for 5, 9 and 16 years were used as the experimental treatments, and soil without manure application was used as a control. Based on long-term experimentation, soil δ13CSOC value, soil organic carbon fraction, corn yield, soil pH and soil EC were determined. The relative contribution of plant residue and organic manure to soil carbon sequestration was quantified. Furthermore, the distribution ratio of soil organic carbon fraction was explicit. Simultaneously, the characteristic of soil organic carbon fraction distribution were discussed in saline-sodic soils. Our results indicated that corn (Zea mays L.) with long-term manure application significantly (P13CSOC value in saline-sodic soils (P13CSOC was increased with the duration of manure application. On the other hand, the contribution of corn-derived carbon (below-ground roots and residues) and the manure-derived carbon to soil organic carbon can be calculated from δ13CSOC value of plant and soil by using a two-end member mixed model. Our results showed that after nine years manure application, corn-derived soil organic carbon comprised about 14.36% of total soil organic carbon and manure-derived soil organic carbon accounted for 25.92%, and the other part was from original soil organic carbon of saline-sodic soils. Long term manure application significantly resulted in an increase in corn yield and decreases in soil pH and EC, and corn yield increased with the number of year of manure application. Conversely, soil pH and EC decreased with the number of year of manure application. Generally, soil organic carbon can be chemically divided into labile I, labile II and recalcitrant carbon that have different sensitivities to changes of environmental conditions. Changes in SOC fractions may provide an early indicator of changes in total SOC. Long-term manure application also significantly increased the density of each soil organic carbon fraction, and the density of soil organic carbon fractions, such as labile I carbon, labile II carbon and recalcitrant carbon, was increased with the number of year of manure application at the 0-20 and 20-40 cm, respectively. The density of soil organic carbon fractions was the highest in the treatment with manure application for 16 years. Increased contents of soil organic carbon was most contributed by soil recalcitrant carbon and soil labile II carbon, followed by soil labile I carbon at the 0-20cm and 20-40cm, respectively. Summarily, long-term manure application can directly enrich the carbon source of plant, promote the long-term sequestration of soil carbon, and enhance the carbon sink function of saline-sodic soils. Long term manure application was necessary to a win-win strategy for both SOC sequestration and corn production. The contribution of manure derived carbon to SOC increase was larger than corn derived carbon. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Organic carbon

Controlled terms: Electric sparks  -  Fertilizers  -  Manures  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Corn  -  Environmental conditions  -  Fertilizer applications  -  Isotope analysis  -  Long-term manure applications  -  Relative contribution  -  Saline-sodic soils  -  Soil carbon sequestration

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  701.1 Electricity: Basic Concepts and Phenomena  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.60e+01yr, Age 9.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.44e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Effects of treatment measures on soil anti-scour erodibility in engineering accumulation slope

Accession number: 20191906900304

Title of translation:

Authors: Niu, Yaobin (1); Gao, Zhaoliang (1, 2); Qi, Xingyuan (1); Li, Yutingting (1); Li, Yonghong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Gao, Zhaoliang(gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 134-143

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accumulation has become the main source of soil erosion in the production and construction projects. Soil detachment is a key process affecting soil erosion since it determines the amount of sediment that is potentially transferred to surface water bodies. Soil detachment capacity is a key parameter in many process based erosion models such as the Water Erosion Prediction Project model. Therefore, quantifying detachment capacity of the engineering accumulation under different conditions is pivotal to calibrate and validate the process based on the erosion models. In the study, we used the soil detachment capacity to quantify the variation ranges of the engineering accumulation in the different area, and evaluate the regulation of vegetation restoration patterns, years of recovery and the slope cutting and grading control on the soil anti-scour erodibility. Different engineering accumulations of the expressways in the Qin-ba mountain area, Guanzhong Plain and Hilly region of Loess Plateau (in Shaanxi Province) were selected. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from the surface soil using the cutting rings with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 6.37 cm for the measurement of soil detachment capacity. The soil detachment capacity was measured in a 2.0 m long and 0.15 m wide hydraulic flume indoors. Flow discharge was controlled by six valves and measured 5 times with plastic buckets and a volumetric cylinder. After the flow became stable, the flow surface velocity was measured using a fluorescent dye technique for 10 times. The velocity was multiplied by a reduction factor of 0.67 to obtain the mean flow velocity. The results indicated that the variation ranges of the soil detachment capacity on typical accumulation in the Qinba mountainous area, Guanzhong Plain and Hilly area of Loess Plateau were 0.034-1.659, 0.311-0.816 and 0.346-1.042 kg/(m2•s), respectively. Compared with agropyron cristatum, the natural restoration of vegetation on the slope of the engineering accumulation with coronilla varia can significantly reduce the soil detachment capacity, and the reduction was 94.97%. Compared with no-reclamation, there was no significant effect on soil detachment capacity of the corn and beans on the slope of accumulation which was constituted with rock fragments and soil in the short term. Compared with recovering in one year, there were no significant (P>0.05) differences in recovering two years, but the soil detachment capacity was remarkably decreased by recovering five years, and the reduction was 57.35%. Furthermore, compared with the cultivated land, the reduction of soil detachment capacity was 60.41% in recovering five years. There was no significant difference in the spatial variation of soil detachment capacity for accumulation with Heilu soil in the short slope (the length of slope was less than 60 m). Compared with untreated slope, the soil detachment capacity was remarkably decreased by the slope cutting and grading control on the engineering accumulation. And compared with the untreated slope, the reduction of soil detachment capacity in the platform and slope by the regulated measures were 66.79% and 49.04%, respectively. There was significant negative (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Soil surveys

Controlled terms: Erosion  -  Exponential functions  -  Flow velocity  -  Forecasting  -  Grading  -  Landforms  -  Recovery  -  Restoration  -  Runoff  -  Scour   -  Sediment transport  -  Shear flow  -  Shear stress  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Surface waters  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Construction projects  -  Mean flow velocities  -  Measures regulation  -  Natural restoration  -  Surface water body  -  Treatment measures  -  Vegetation restoration  -  Water erosion prediction project models

Classification code: 444.1 Surface Water  -  481.1 Geology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  921 Mathematics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.90e+01%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+01%, Percentage 6.68e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.50e-01m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 6.00e+01m, Size 6.37e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Prediction and verification on heating load of ground source heat pump heating system based on BP neural network for plant factory

Accession number: 20191906900311

Title of translation: BP

Authors: Shi, Huixian (1); Meng, Xiangzhen (1); You, Yucheng (1); Zhang, Zhonghua (1); Ouyang, Sanchuan (1); Ren, Yike (1)

Author affiliation: (1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 196-202

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: It is important for crop growth to maintain suitable temperature in plant factory, however large heating energy consumption has been proved to be an obstacle that restricts its development. In Europe, the cost of heating accounts for about 30% of the total operation cost during the winter, but in the north of latitude 43° of China, the proportion reaches 60% to 70%. The traditional heating equipment such as coal-fired boilers has an energy utilization rate of only 40% to 50%. So it is very necessary to apply renewable energy to plant factory. Regulating heating modes by tracking and predicting the heating load changes in plant factory is the key to achieve energy saving. Because of the high energy consumption in winter, accurate heating load prediction can improve the energy saving effect of groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage. Changes of heating load in natural light plant factory are dynamic, time-varying, highly turbulent and uncertain. Artificial neural networks is ideal for predicting load changes, especially BP (back propagation) neural network has strong nonlinear mapping ability, which is generally used by many scholars for building heating load prediction, but rarely in plant factory. Given that heating load of both plant factory and building have nonlinear characteristics, we used BP neural network to predict the next day’s heating load of plant factory to promote energy-saving control optimization. The BP neural network model has three levels: input layer, hidden layer and output layer. Input parameters include indoor and outdoor air temperature, solar radiation intensity, indoor relative humidity, indoor absolute humidity, indoor wind speed, etc. For plant factory, the next day’s weather condition has a significant impact on the heating load. The output variable is determined as the next day’s hourly glass greenhouse load value. The number of neurons in the input layer was 9, the number of neurons in the hidden layer was 13, the selected layer number of hidden layers was 1, the learning rate was 0.25 to 0.30, and the initial momentum factor was 0.9. Common evaluation indicators used to determine whether the neural network converges, included standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and expected error percentage. After algorithm steps being determined, the next day’s heating load was predicted based on reasonable algorithmic procedures and steps. Experimental data in the paper was obtained from a natural light plant factory powered by groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system in Chongming National Facility Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center. Using the neural network toolbox of Matlab to train and simulate the model to process the experimental data from January 19th to 28th, the value of the error function was 0.002 999 94 which was less than the set value of 0.003, so the neural network was convergent. Prediction effect can be drawn by comparison between the actual surveyed value and the predicted value of the heating load. The main heating load was concentrated on 0:00-6:00 and 17:00-24:00 o’clock in the plant factory, and most of these periods were in the cheap electricity price period of Shanghai. Adjusting the operating strategy and operating mode of the energy supply system were based on the predicted heating load,the heat pump operated at full load or high load during the period of cheap electricity prices, and excess heat was stored in the hot storage tank. The hot storage tank provided heat to plant factory during the period of moderate and expensive electricity price. In this case, the energy cost would be reduced. Therefore, it was significantly economical to control start-stop time of the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage for plant factory heating project. The error was controlled within ±6% basically between the actual value and the predicted value of the heating loads. Therefore, the results showed that the BP neural network was suitable for the next day’s heating load prediction of plant factory. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Geothermal heat pumps

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Backpropagation  -  Coal fired boilers  -  Digital storage  -  Electric energy storage  -  Energy conservation  -  Energy utilization  -  Errors  -  Forecasting  -  Groundwater   -  Heating  -  MATLAB  -  Neural networks  -  Pumps  -  Tanks (containers)  -  Thermal energy  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: BP (back propagation) neural network  -  Groundwater source heat pump  -  Heating energy consumption  -  Heating load  -  Nonlinear characteristics  -  Plant factory  -  Solar radiation intensity  -  Water energy

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  524 Solid Fuels  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components  -  618.2 Pumps  -  619.2 Tanks  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  723.4 Artificial Intelligence  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Designation method and demonstration of permanent basic farmland in county level on view of multi-planning integration

Accession number: 20191906900318

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Xuhong (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1); Jia, Peihong (1); Ren, Jie (1); Wu, Dingguo (2); Cao, Shuai (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Lingshui Bureau of Ecological Environment Protection, Lingshui; 572400, China

Corresponding author: Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 250-259

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Scientifically and rationally delimiting the permanent basic farmland in the whole county region is an important strategic measure for China to ensure the national food security capacity, guarantee farmers’ real benefits and implement the food crop production strategy based on farmland management and technological application. The contradiction among urban master planning, land use planning, ecological protection planning of water sources and wild life conservation areas greatly affect the stability and longevity of permanent basic farmland such as term mismatch, the different technical standards, the land type border clash and the confused management regulations of the current planning. It is difficult for the policy makers, planner and farmers to plan, manage and build the protection zone of permanent basic farmland in practice. So, this study put forward a method for the delimitation of permanent basic farmland in the whole region based on multi-planning integration. First, on the basis of verifying the state of land use and coordinating the conflict of various planning, the farmland around the towns and cities with higher utilization index than the regional average is prior defined as the permanent basic farmland. Then, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed from the aspects of the quality of the cultivated land, the conditions of traffic location, the conditions of agricultural production and the space form of the land. This system is applied to delimit the protection area of the permanent basic farmland in other cultivated land zone by using the comprehensive score optimization method. The results show that: 1) stability and rationality of the delimiting basic farmland is further improved by deducting the reserved development land for construction projects, the cultivated land that is not consistent with the criteria for the delimitation of basic farmland and land parcels with the rules of utilization control unsuitable for farming. 2) Delimiting the permanent basic farmland around the town and other cultivated areas step by step, which is beneficial to the rational control of town’s spatial scale, shape and landscape, also to construct the green ecological space in cities and towns.3) Lingshui county has delimited 22 224.36 hm2 of the permanent basic farmland in the whole region, which mainly located on Benhao - Timeng - Guangpo region, Longguang - Yingzhou region, Wenluo - Sancai region and the Nanfan breeding bases. The plan scheme has carried out the delimitation principles that the spatial pattern of permanent basic farmland should keep overall stability and can fine improve local parcels, prior it to protect the high quality cropland, and the quantity and quality of permanent basic farmland should be equally important. The constraint index of the plan meet the related policy requirements, and the quality control index of the plan is better than the index before adjustment. The delimitation scheme of the permanent basic farmland is basically reasonable. The method proposed in this research can not only implement the national territory utilization control regulation by means of the multi planning integration, but also provide a new reference for improving and deeply developing the prime farmland delimitation in the future. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Farms

Controlled terms: Conservation  -  Cultivation  -  Ecology  -  Food supply  -  Integration  -  Land use  -  Models  -  Quality control  -  Stability criteria  -  Zoning

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  Comprehensive evaluation index system  -  Land for constructions  -  Lingshui County  -  Management regulations  -  Permanent basic farmland  -  Quality control indices  -  Technological applications

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  822.3 Food Products  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921.2 Calculus  -  961 Systems Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Study on microwave pyrolysis properties of bamboo by using activated carbon-supported iron catalyst

Accession number: 20191906900316

Title of translation:

Authors: Dong, Qing (1); Niu, Miaomiao (2); Bi, Dongmei (3); Zhang, Jinfeng (1); Zhong, Wa (1); Qi, Bo (1); Li, Xiangqian (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an; 223003, China; (2) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing; 211167, China; (3) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China

Corresponding author: Li, Xiangqian(lixq@hyit.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 235-241

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In the present work, the application of activated carbon(AC) supported iron catalyst(Fe/AC) into the microwave pyrolysis of bamboo was proposed based on the advantages of the activated carbon as catalyst support and its good microwave absorbing capacity. The influence of the catalyst on the microwave-assisted bamboo pyrolysis characteristics was revealed via the temperature-rising characteristics, the product distribution and the properties of the pyrolysis products. This work was helpful to the resource utilization of biomass. The catalysts were prepared via the incipient wetness method. About 30 g of the obtained AC was impregnated in the ferrous acetate (Fe(Ac)2) solution, with the following amounts of Fe(Ac)2: 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mol, respectively. The dried activated carbon, containing Fe(Ac)2, were then heated in an electric furnace at 500 in the nitrogen atmosphere for 10 min. The obtained activated carbon catalysts were noted as Fe/AC-0.01, Fe/AC-0.05, Fe/AC-0.10 and Fe/AC-0.15, according to the addition amount of Fe(Ac)2, respectively. The bamboo raw materials and the bamboos mixed with AC, Fe/AC-0.01, Fe/AC-0.05, Fe/AC-0.10 and Fe/AC-0.15 were marked as PB, BC-0, BC-0.01, BC-0.05, BC-0.10 and BC-0.15, respectively. The catalysts were characterized by applying many ways, including an ICP-OES for the determining of the metal element contained in catalyst, Boehm method for the analysis of the acid functional group on the catalyst surface, a micromeritics instrument for analyzing the pore texture of the catalyst and an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for the components on the surface of the catalyst. The bio-oil compositions obtained from microwave pyrolysis of bamboo with and without catalysts were determined by using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The compositions of the gaseous product were characterized by GC. The result indicated that the activated carbon supported iron catalyst could exert an effect on the microwave pyrolysis of bamboo to a certain extent. The addition of the catalyst increased the heating rates and the maximum reaction temperatures of bamboo under the microwave irradiation. In comparison to the bamboo raw material, the maximum temperature of samples with the addition of the Fe/AC-0.15 catalyst under microwave condition was increased by 54.38%. The bio-oil consisted mainly of acids, carbonyl compounds, phenols, furans and alcohols, and the percent of acid in bio-oil was accounting for 48%, so they were the dominant compositions of the bio-oil. After the addition of the catalysts, the contents of the acids and carbonyl compounds were increased accompanied with the increase in the contents of the phenols and furans, indicating the catalysts had a positive influence on the cracking of the ring compounds in bio-oil to form the linear-chain compounds. The contents of the acids and carbonyl compounds were increased with the increase in the loading amount of iron. The production of the gaseous products was promoted by the catalyst and the yields of the pyrolysis gas were increased with the increasing in the loading amount of iron. The maximal yield of the gas could reach up to 69.11% when the Fe/AC-0.15 catalyst was used. The catalyst was favorable to the formation of syngas and the contents of the syngas were increased with the loading amount of the iron. The maximum volumetric content and yield of the syngas (CO+H2) in pyrolysis gas could reach up to 77.24% and 17.5 mmol/g, respectively. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Catalyst supports

Controlled terms: Activated carbon  -  Bamboo  -  Carbonyl compounds  -  Catalysts  -  Catalytic cracking  -  Electric furnaces  -  Iron  -  Loading  -  Microwave irradiation  -  Microwaves   -  Organic pollutants  -  Phenols  -  Pyrolysis  -  Reaction rates  -  Synthesis gas  -  Textures

Uncontrolled terms: Activated carbon catalysts  -  Activated carbon supported iron catalysts  -  Gas chromatograph mass spectrometers  -  Incipient wetness method  -  Product distributions  -  Pyrolysis characteristics  -  Resource utilizations  -  Temperature rising characteristic

Classification code: 545.1 Iron  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  711 Electromagnetic Waves  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  811.1 Pulp and Paper

Numerical data indexing: Amount_Of_Substance 1.00e-01mol, Amount_Of_Substance 1.50e-01mol, Mass 3.00e-02kg, Molality 1.75e+01mol/kg, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 5.44e+01%, Percentage 6.91e+01%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Time 6.00e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Probability evaluation of pressure and shear damage for fish passing through francis turbine runner

Accession number: 20191906900294

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhu, Guojun (1); Ji, Longjuan (1); Feng, Jianjun (1); Luo, Xingqi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Corresponding author: Feng, Jianjun(jianjunfeng@xaut.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 55-62

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Hydropower is a major source of renewable, noncarbon-based electrical energy. Although hydropower has many environmental advantages, hydropower dams alter the natural ecohydrological conditions of the rivers and cause significant ecological impact, especially for fish that live in or migrate through impounded river systems. Injury and mortality of fish that pass through hydraulic turbines and other downstream passage routes can result from several mechanisms, such as rapid and extreme pressure changes, shear stress, strike, cavitation, and grinding. For example, a large or fast pressure drop can lead to internal bleeding of fish, rupture of the swim bladder or vapor bubbles in eyes, which will result in direct mortality and reduces the ability to escape predators in the tailrace. Shear stress can causes fish scales flake, muscle tissue tearing, bruising, and even the fish body are cut off. So understanding the biological responses of fish to the conditions of hydraulic turbine is important for designing advanced fish-friendly turbines. Since the injury of fish may be caused by a combination of multiple damage mechanisms, it is necessary to identify primary and secondary damage mechanisms by research. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamic analyze method was adopted to simulate the three dimensional turbulent flow in an francis turbine. The simulation was conducted at different discharge conditions of maximum, rated and minimum head. The rated head of the turbine Hr is 106 m, the maximum head Hmax is 120 m and the minimum head Hmin is 73 m. The whole flow passage of the turbine was discretized by hexahedron structured mesh, and the SST k-ω turbulence model was used in the simulations. Then, the fish friendly threshold for pressure, pressure change rate and shear strain rate were used to analyze the volume size and distribution that may lead to the damage of fish. The ratio of the volume exceeding the fish friendly threshold to the total volume of the runner channel was defined as the fish damage probability. Finally, according to the calculation results, the main and secondary mechanisms of fish damage under different conditions were identified. Meanwhile, the law between the probability of fish injury caused by these mechanisms and the working conditions was further analyzed. From the results it can be seen that the volume which the pressure beyond the threshold in runner is mainly distributed at the outlet of the suction side of the runner blade, and the volume which the pressure change rate beyond the threshold is distributed at the leading and trailing edge of the runner blade. Besides, the volume which the shear strain rate beyond the threshold is distributed near the wall of the crown, band and runner blade. The fish damage probability caused by pressure, shear stress and pressure change rate were defined as P(A), P(B) and P(C) respectively in this paper. Based on the results of this paper, the probability P(A) reaches the maximum value at the condition L1. And the probability P(B) and P(C) reach the maximum value at the rated condition R1. The maximum value of P(A), P(B) and P(C) are 9.1%, 0.823% and 8.31% respectively. By comparing the fish damage probability of pressure, pressure change rate and shear stress under different discharge conditions at the same head, it can be concluded that the minimum pressure and the pressure change rate are the two important factors to prevent fish damage. The shear stress is less important than that of them. Therefore, in the process of designing fish friendly francis turbine runner, the pressure in the runner must be raised as much as possible. Meanwhile, the pressure change rate in runner must also be decreased. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Fish

Controlled terms: Computational fluid dynamics  -  Computer simulation  -  Discharge (fluid mechanics)  -  Francis turbines  -  Hydraulic motors  -  Hydraulic turbines  -  Hydroelectric power  -  Probability  -  Shear strain  -  Shear stress   -  Strain rate  -  Turbulence models

Uncontrolled terms: Damage probability  -  Discharge conditions  -  Francis runner  -  Francis turbine runner  -  K-Omega turbulence model  -  Probability evaluation  -  Secondary mechanisms  -  Three-dimensional turbulent flow

Classification code: 611.1 Hydroelectric Power Plants  -  617.1 Hydraulic Turbines  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.23e-01%, Percentage 8.31e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+00%, Size 1.06e+02m, Size 1.20e+02m, Size 7.30e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Ultra-high pressure treatment improving physicochemical properties and probiotic community of tartary buckwheat starch

Accession number: 20191906900322

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhou, Xiaoli (1); Du, Lina (1); Jiang, Qingyi (1); Zhou, Yiming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai; 201418, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Yiming(zhouymsit@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 284-292

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the improvement of people’s living standards and health care awareness, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and other diseases increased year by year the issue has aroused people’s attention. The key to solving these problems is to promote the use of high dietary fiber foods. Tartary buckwheat is rich in protein, starch, cellulose, flavonoids and other nutrients, it can improve intestinal microecology, lower blood lipids, prevent colon cancer, treat constipation and lose weight, it can also improve the immunity of human body. Starch, as the main component of tartary buckwheat, has high peak viscosity, high hydration capacity and low solubility. As a natural starch, it has shortcomings such as poor processing ability, narrow range of viscosity and unstable storage performance. Therefore, it needs to be modified to keep the functional characteristics of food to the maximum extent. In recent years, the physical modification method represented by ultra-high pressure, microwave, ultrasonic and other green processing technologies has been applied to starch modification, has become a focus recently. Compared with traditional heat treatment, it has a lower temperature of action. In this paper, the homemade tartary buckwheat starch was treated at 0.1 MPa (ordinary pressure), 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 MPa, and kept for 15 min, using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, etc. analyzed the characteristics of the morphology, crystal structure, solubility, light transmittance and freeze-thaw stability of the tartary buckwheat starch granules. The in vitro model was used to simulate human digestion and intestinal fermentation process. The contents of short chain fatty acids and the main bacterial flora of mouse fecal fermentation broth were determined. The experimental results show that when the pressure was higher than 300 MPa, the surface of tartary buckwheat starch would be inwardly depressed and gradually extruded into a block or sheet and adhered together; and the diffraction intensity was gradually increased (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: High pressure effects

Controlled terms: Blood pressure  -  Butyric acid  -  Crops  -  Crystal structure  -  Crystallinity  -  Escherichia coli  -  Fatty acids  -  Fermentation  -  Freezing  -  Growth rate   -  Lipids  -  Morphology  -  pH  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Probiotics  -  Propionic acid  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Solubility  -  Starch  -  Thawing   -  Viscosity  -  X ray diffraction analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Diffraction intensity  -  Functional characteristics  -  In-vitro  -  Physical modifications  -  SCFAs  -  Short-chain fatty acids  -  Tartary buckwheat  -  Ultra-high pressure treatment

Classification code: 461.9 Biology  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  933.1.1 Crystal Lattice  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+01% to 4.18e+01%, Percentage 3.70e+01%, Percentage 5.37e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 2.00e+08Pa, Pressure 3.00e+08Pa, Pressure 5.00e+08Pa, Time 0.00e+00s to 2.88e+04s, Time 9.00e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Spatial-temporal distribution of water and salt in artificial oasis irrigation area in arid area based on remote sensing analysis

Accession number: 20191906900297

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Cundong (1, 2); Wang, Rongrong (1); Cheng, Hui (3); Lian, Haidong (1); Gong, Xuewen (1); Liu, Luyao (4); Wang, Yan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450046, China; (2) Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Protection Engineering, Zhengzhou; Henan Province; 450046, China; (3) China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100038, China; (4) Tianjin TEDA Saline Green Research Center Co. Ltd., Tianjin; 300457, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 80-89

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The process of soil salinization in the artificial oasis in the arid area is a complex process involving multiple factors, multi-level driving and multi-process coupling. To reveal the spatial-temporal distribution of water and salt in arid pumping-irrigation areas, the first phase irrigation area of Jingtaichuan Electrical Pumping Irrigation District in Gansu Province, located at the edge of Tengger desert, was selected as the typical research area. A total of five indicators including surface salt, soil salinity, groundwater salinity, surface irrigation water, and groundwater depth were selected in 1994, 2001, 2008, and 2015. We determined the weights of each indicator factor by extension analytic hierarchy process. With the help of monitoring classification and spatial analysis technology in ArcGIS software, spatial distribution raster maps of each indicator factor were obtained, and each raster map is standardized, the space is nested and superimposed according to the weight of each index factor, so as to get the spatial-temporal distribution of water and salt in the regional scale. The results showed that: 1) The weight of each factor affecting the spatial-temporal differentiation process of water and salt on a regional scale was ranked as follows: groundwater depth (0.3190), > groundwater salinity (0.2710), > soil salinity (0.1971), > surface salinity (0.1748), and > surface irrigation (0.0381).Groundwater depth and groundwater salinity were the main driving factors affecting the spatial-temporal differentiation of water and salt at regional scales. 2) The saline land in the study area were mainly distributed in the eastern closed hydro-geological units. Overall, the area of mild saline land was the largest, accounting for 7.22%-11.12%, followed by moderate saline land, accounting for 3.19%-5.72%, the area of heavy saline land was the smallest, accounting for 3.03%-4.91% during 1994-2015. The saline land in the study area was still in the process of development, and showed an accelerating growth trend. Among them, the development speed was mild saline land area > the moderate saline land > the heavy saline land. 3) The spatial and temporal distribution of water and salt in the study area was related to the overall topography. The distribution of total equivalent value of water and salt was low in the west and high in the east, increasing from southwest to northeast in arc diffusion development trend, affected by natural geomorphology and topographic conditions. With the passage of time, the total can be divided into two stages: stable development period (1994-2008) and rapid development period (2008-2015).Affected by the continuous expansion of the regions with higher total water and salt content in the east to the west, the security of cultivated land resources in the west was potentially threatened, and the overall development trend of water and salt in the study area was not conducive to the sustainable development of agricultural production in the irrigated areas.Based on the analysis of single driving factors, this study proposes an important means for coupling and superimposing multiple driving factors, which provides a new visualization for the comprehensive development of the spatial-temporal differentiation of water and salt in the study area. It can provide useful reference for studying the development trend of spatial-temporal differentiation process of water and salt in regional scale. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Spatial distribution

Controlled terms: Analytic hierarchy process  -  Arid regions  -  Factor analysis  -  Geographic information systems  -  Groundwater  -  Groundwater resources  -  Irrigation  -  Rasterization  -  Remote sensing  -  Salts   -  Scales (weighing instruments)  -  Soils  -  Space optics  -  Topography

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  ArcGIS  -  Differentiation process  -  Irrigation districts  -  Regional scale  -  Remote sensing analysis  -  Spatial and temporal distribution  -  Spatial-temporal distribution

Classification code: 443 Meteorology  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  656.1 Space Flight  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  903.3 Information Retrieval and Use  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  943.3 Special Purpose Instruments  -  951 Materials Science  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.03e+00% to 4.91e+00%, Percentage 3.19e+00% to 5.72e+00%, Percentage 7.22e+00% to 1.11e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Impact of land use change on ecosystem service value in Ebinur Lake Basin, Xinjiang

Accession number: 20191906900319

Title of translation:

Authors: Kasimu, Yueriguli (1, 3); Yang, Shengtian (1, 3); Simayi, Zibibula (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Intelligent City and Environmental Modeling in College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Education Ministry of Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Shengtian(yangshengtian@bnu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 260-269

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes are considered as a key issue of global changes, which is influencing and altering ecosystem structures and services at different scales. Understanding LULC changes and its ecological effects is important to enhance ecosystem sustainability and maintain ecological security. Since ancient times, the Ebinur Lake Basin was the main road of traffic in Europe and Asia. Early in the north of the “Silk Road”, which was opened by the Tang Dynasty, it was passed through the Tianshan Mountains to Europe. Now it is an important grain base, cotton base, animal husbandry base and petrochemical base in Northern Xinjiang. It is a typical arid area with sensitivity environment. With the rapid urbanization and economic development in recent years, this area increasingly faces a serial of environmental challenges, including LULC changes, pollutions, biodiversity decrease, and land deterioration, etc. Thus, the study on LULC changes and its ecological effects in the Ebinur Lake Basin was significant to regional ecosystem management. The intensifying human activities are becoming more and more significant to the ecological system of oasis in arid areas. It is of great significance to assess the dynamic changes of the ecosystem services in the watershed on the scale of time and space, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of the basin. We took the Ebinur Lake Basin(43°38’-45°52’N, 79°53’-85°02’E), located in northwestern Xinjiang as the study area, and extracted the land use data based on the TM and OLI remote sensing images of 1996, 2006 and 2016. The spatial and temporal dynamic changes of land use and ecosystem services in the Ebinur Lake Basin were analyzed, and the value of ecological service value equivalent was used to estimate the value of ecosystem services. The Logistic regression model was used to analyze the driving forces of land use and ecosystem service value change. The results showed that : 1) During 1996-2016, the area of cultivated land and construction land in the Ebinur Lake basin significantly increased, the proportion from 8.47% and 0.42% in 1996 to 15.28% and 2.07% in 2016, and forestland, grassland, wet land and water area were on the decline. 2) During 1996-2016, the total ecosystem service value in the study area has been decreasing continuously, and reduction amounts were about 85.863×108 Yuan. The ESV value of land use types, such as cultivated land, construction land, salinized land and sandy land, had an increasing trend, and the forest land, grassland, water area, wet land and unused land were all hand a decreasing trend. Among them, the change of ESV of the forest land was more evident, accounting for more than 50% of the total ESV. 3) During the 21years, the area with higher ESV in the Ebinur Lake Basin gradually decreased, the area with lower ESV gradually increased, and the area with middle ESV decreased first and then increased. 4) The regression analysis showed that the main driving factors affecting the ESV changes in the Ebinur Lake Basin were the comprehensive urbanization rate, the population density and Temperature and precipitation. In the future economic development, the Ebinur Lake Basin should rationally optimize the land use pattern, guarantee the sustained stable and coordinated development of ecosystem, and realize sustainable development of the economy-society and ecology. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Ecosystems

Controlled terms: Arid regions  -  Biodiversity  -  Deterioration  -  Ecology  -  Economic and social effects  -  Forestry  -  Lakes  -  Land use  -  Planning  -  Population statistics   -  Regression analysis  -  Remote sensing  -  Roads and streets  -  Space optics  -  Sustainable development  -  Taxation

Uncontrolled terms: Ebinur lakes  -  Ecological service values  -  Ecosystem service values  -  Ecosystem sustainability  -  Logistic Regression modeling  -  Temporal and special assessment  -  Value of ecosystem services  -  Xinjiang

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  406.2 Roads and Streets  -  443 Meteorology  -  444 Water Resources  -  454 Environmental Engineering  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  656.1 Space Flight  -  912.2 Management  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  951 Materials Science  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.10e+01yr, Percentage 2.00e+03% to 1.53e+01%, Percentage 2.07e+00%, Percentage 4.20e-01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 8.47e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Evaluation of poverty alleviation stability in poverty stricken counties in mountainous areas based on framework of sustainable livelihood analysis

Accession number: 20191906900320

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Fuzhen (1); Zhou, Guohua (1, 2); Tang, Chengli (1); Peng, Peng (1, 2); He, Yanhua (1); Tan, Xuelan (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha; 410081, China; (2) Geospatial Data Mining and Application Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha; 410081, China; (3) Department of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Guohua(uuy828@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 270-277

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Poverty alleviation is still remaining as the greatest challenge in the modern economic development. The heaviest part of building well-off society lies in the rural construction, especially in the poverty area. The difficulty of tackling poverty is to get rid of poverty and stabilize poverty alleviation. The research on the stability of poverty alleviation can provide important theoretical basis for enhancing the sustainability of poverty alleviation results and the pertinence of poverty alleviation policies. Based on the perspective of sustainable livelihood, the paper defined concept of “poverty alleviation stability”, took Anhua County in mountainous areas of Hunan Province as an example, constructed the evaluation index system of poverty alleviation stability from four dimensions of nature, economy, ability and living conditions, classified the stability grade of farmer household by using fuzzy calculation method, and further revealed the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of poverty eradication stability. At last, a scientific path to improve poverty alleviation stability was explored from the perspective of economic transformation in poor areas. The results show that: 1 ) Slope and income level are the main factors that affect the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County, while the lack of development ability is the fundamental reason for the instability of poverty alleviation. Anhua County is a typical poverty-stricken county in mountainous area, and an in-depth analysis of Anhua County poverty alleviation stability was conducted for finding the leading factors of poverty alleviation, so as to provide reference for enhanceing the ability of farmers to get rid of poverty and achieveing stable poverty alleviation of poor farmers in mountainous areas. The index weights of slope and income stability are 24.88% and 14.61% respectively, which are the main factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation in Anhua County. The index weights of education guarantee and nutrition status are 13.60% and 10.91% respectively, which are the secondary important factors affecting the stability of poverty alleviation. 2) The stability of poverty eradication in Anhua County is overall good. The farmer households with less stable poverty alleviation are mainly distributed in the high mountain and steep slope areas, and the poverty alleviation stability is closely related to the geographical environment. In terms of spatial position, the concentrated distribution areas of relatively less stable poverty alleviation are coincide with several important ecological function areas. Poverty alleviation should be combined with the construction of ecological function areas. In terms of vertical zonation of spatial distribution, the farmer household of less stable poverty alleviation concentrated in the high mountains and steep slope areas. However, the stability of poverty alleviation index of farmer households in intermountain valleys is generally high, which indicates that the stability of poverty alleviation is closely related to the geographical environment. 3) This study is mainly aimed at poverty alleviation in poor counties in mountainous areas. The main proposals to enhance the stability of poverty alleviation includes: relying on the advantages of natural resources to develop characteristic industries, stimulating the regional endogenous development momentum; further improving regional infrastructure conditions, the level of rural public service facilities, the livelihoods of rural households out of poverty, the level of knowledge and skills of rural residents. And the improving of the rural population quality is the key to cultivate long-term ability to become rich, optimize the layout of rural settlements in combination with the relocation of poverty alleviation and the renovation of “hollow villages”. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 43

Main heading: Slope stability

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Ecology  -  Economics  -  Function evaluation  -  Landforms  -  Rural areas  -  Spatial distribution  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Distribution characteristics  -  Economic transformation  -  Evaluation index system  -  Geographical environment  -  Measurement indicators  -  Poverty alleviation  -  Regional infrastructure  -  Sustainable livelihood

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.36e+01%, Percentage 1.46e+01%, Percentage 2.49e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Optimization and flow numerical simulation of flow passage of square spray field impact sprinkler

Accession number: 20191906900296

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Zhengzhong (1, 2); Zhai, Chao (1, 2); Wang, Wen’e (2); Fan, Xingke (3); Wu, Pute (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Cold and Arid Regions Water Engineering Safety Research Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agriculture Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) National Engineering Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation at Yangling, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Pute(gjzwpt@vip.sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 71-79

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Sprinkler irrigation is one of the main water-saving irrigation methods at home and abroad. As a common water-saving irrigation equipment, impact sprinkler is widely used in landscaping and agricultural irrigation fields. The traditional impact sprinkler with circle spray filed has the disadvantages of overlap spray, excessive spray and missing spray. In response to above disadvantages, impact sprinkler with square spray field has been improved but it remains facing many problems such as complicated mechanical structure, excessive head loss, and it’s spray shape deviates from square. In order to reduce the local head loss, the inner passageway of spray’s flow regulator consist of hollow shaft and threaded pipe was optimized with streamline. To achieve the goals of accurate square spray field, the docking port between hollow shaft and threaded pipe was reshaped with diamond shape as entry end connect to threaded pipe and star shape as export end connect to hollow shaft. The improvement above can effectively reduced the head loss that was unfavorable to the spray shape, and improved the range and spray shape factor. To evaluate the drag reduction effect in passageway of sprinkler, the flow regulator was divided into four part according to it’s inner flow state. Then the head loss formulas for each part were derived by energy equation and momentum equation of hydrodynamics. The whole head loss of the optimized flow regulator was expressed as sum of the four parts head loss related to their flow velocity and loss coefficient effected by passageway’s shape at last. The flow velocity of each part could be obtained by simulating which was conducted in this paper. This work provided a theoretical basis for the selection of the flow regulator inlet and outlet and flow passage optimization of the square spray field impact sprinkler. For global flow analysis and provide flow velocity result for head loss calculation, the three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of the inner flow path of the square spray field impact sprinkler was carried out. The 3D geometric model of flow regulator was established using Pro/E software. The distribution regularities of velocity and pressure were simulated by FLUENT software with the RNG k-Ε turbulence model. Pressure inlet was set as the inlet boundary condition in the model, with the working pressure 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 and 500 kPa respectively. According to the relationship between the flow rate and the range of the same type of Rain Bird impact sprinkler without the flow regulator, the range of four corners of a square spray field sprinkler with optimized flow regulator was calculated. According to the working equation of the square spray impact sprinkler, the variation rule of the range under different rotation angles can be obtained. Finally, comparting with the same type of Rain Bird sprinkler, the optimization effect of the square sprinkler was evaluated by the variation of the head loss, flow rates, range change and spray shape, and the reliability of the results was verified. The results show that the new type of square spray field sprinkler is simple in structure, hydraulic automatic control, energy saving, durable and convenience, and has standard spraying shape with small head loss. Compared with the square spray field sprinkler before optimized, the head loss of the optimized square spray field sprinkler in the rated working pressure reduced by 25.8%. The flow regulator range of the improved sprinkler is enlarged, with maximum flow rate increasing by 12.87% and minimum decreasing by 12.83% respectively. In addition, the spray shape factor is 86.89% which rises 15.6 percentage points and the excessive spray error reduces 9.85 percentage points. This provides a theoretical reference for the design, manufacture and application of the square spray field sprinkler. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Sprinkler systems (irrigation)

Controlled terms: 3D modeling  -  Automation  -  Birds  -  Computer simulation  -  Energy conservation  -  Flow rate  -  Flow velocity  -  Hydraulic machinery  -  Numerical models  -  Rain   -  Shape optimization  -  Turbulence models  -  Velocity  -  Water conservation

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural irrigation  -  Distribution regularities  -  Flow passage  -  Impact sprinklers  -  Spray field  -  Sprinkler  -  Unsteady numerical simulations  -  Water-saving irrigation

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  444 Water Resources  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 2.58e+01%, Percentage 8.69e+01%, Pressure 4.50e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+05Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Path tracking of mobile platform in agricultural facilities based on ultra wideband wireless positioning

Accession number: 20191906900289

Title of translation:

Authors: Yao, Lijian (1); Pitla, Santosh K (2); Yang, Zidong (1); Xia, Popo (1); Zhao, Chenyan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou; 311300, China; (2) Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln; NE; 68583, United States

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 17-24

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to realize automatic vehicle navigation in agricultural facilities without GPS (global position system) signal, a path tracking method based on UWB (ultra wideband) positioning was proposed in this study. The test prototype uses a pure electric and four wheels mechanism with 2SW-2DW (2 steering wheels and 2 drive wheels) structure. The closed-loop system with the controller, driver, motor and encoder ensures the accuracy of the control. The indoor UWB wirelesspositioning system based on the TOA (time of arrival) principle was built by using 4 anchor nodes, and a WLS (weighted least squares) method was used to solve the statically indeterminate equations, which improved the positioning accuracy of mobile tags. The positioning error of the UWB positioning system in the 16 m×11 m rectangular center area is within 7 cm, and the positioning error of the rectangular edge is less than 12 cm, which meets the positioning requirements of path tracking test in agricultural facilities. In view of the limitation that the lookahead distance must be greater than the lateral deviation in the traditional pure pursuit model, the lookahead distance was redefined in this paper. So the scope of application of the pure pursuit model had been widened. The deviation degree of vehicle was defined quantitatively according to the angle between the heading of the vehicle and the lookahead line. The traditional pure pursuit model was improved, and a new pure pursuit model algorithm based on dynamic lookahead distance was proposed to further improve the quality of path tracking. The algorithm of path tracking was simulated and verified using MATLAB 2016a. The results showed that the average error, the maximum deviation and the stability distance of the improved algorithm with dynamic lookahead distance were better than those of the traditional pure pursuit algorithm with fixed lookahead distance, indicating that the proposed improved algorithm is effective theoretically. The real vehicle test results showed that in the guidance of UWB positioning system, the vehicle could converge to the desired path in different initial states. Linear tracking were carried out in 4 initial states. When the test prototype speed is 0.5 m/s and the signal sampling period is 10 Hz, the average deviation, maximum deviation, stable distance and adjustment time are 23.3-35.0 cm, 39.0-124.6 cm, 80.3-283.0 cm, and 6.6-13.5 s, respectively. It was also observed that the above corresponding index increased with the initial deviation of the prototype. When the prototype reaches a stable state, the steady-state deviation is 5.4-8.4 cm, and its average steady-state deviation is 6.3 cm. In the rectangular path tracking, the overall mean deviation is 20.6 cm when the initial lateral deviation and heading deviation are 0. The lateral deviation mainly occurs at 90° turning, and the maximum deviation is 85.5 cm. The path tracking quality of the improved pure tracking algorithm with dynamic lookahead distance is better than the traditional pure tracking model with fixed lookahead distance, and it can meet the requirements of mobile platforms in frequent steering for automatic navigation in the agricultural facilities. This method could provide a new idea for vehicle navigation in agricultural facilities. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Ultra-wideband (UWB)

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Agriculture  -  Automobile steering equipment  -  Broadband networks  -  Closed loop systems  -  Control engineering  -  Errors  -  Fixed platforms  -  Four wheel steering  -  Least squares approximations   -  Models  -  Navigation  -  Navigation systems  -  Signal sampling  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Global position systems  -  Path tracking  -  Positioning accuracy  -  Pure pursuits  -  Pure-pursuit algorithms  -  Scope of application  -  Ultra-wideband wireless  -  Weighted least squares

Classification code: 511.2 Oil Field Equipment  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  662.4 Automobile and Smaller Vehicle Components  -  716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922 Statistical Methods  -  961 Systems Science

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 1.00e+01Hz, Size 1.20e-01m, Size 2.06e-01m, Size 2.33e-01m to 3.50e-01m, Size 3.90e-01m to 1.25e+00m, Size 5.40e-02m to 8.40e-02m, Size 6.30e-02m, Size 7.00e-02m, Size 8.03e-01m to 2.83e+00m, Size 8.55e-01m, Time 6.60e+00s to 1.35e+01s, Velocity 5.00e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Research on mechanical properties, permeability and abrasion resistance of fibers modified recycled aggregate pervious concrete

Accession number: 20191906900306

Title of translation:

Authors: Guo, Lei (1, 2, 3); Liu, Siyuan (1, 3); Chen, Shoukai (1, 2, 3); Wang, Lunyan (1, 2, 3); Xue, Zhilong (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (2) Henan Academician Workstaion of Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Remediation, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) Henan Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Treatment, Zhengzhou; 450002, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Shoukai(man200177@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 153-160

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Recycled aggregate pervious concrete are made by cement, water and recycled aggregates, which conforms to the concept of sustainable development, can be used to construction of the sponge city, and has important social and economic benefits. In order to study the application of fiber in recycled aggregate pervious concrete (RAPC), RAPC was prepared with waste prefabricated pavement concrete as the source of recycled aggregate, natural concrete pervious concrete (NAPC) was prepared as a comparison. Two series of fibers added in RAPC were designed, which contained 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% polypropylene fiber (PF), and 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% carbon fiber (CF) by volume fraction, respectively, RAPC without PF and CF showed as control group. With the experiment on test cubes under standard maintenance, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, the continuous porosity, the permeability coefficient and the abrasion resistance were measured. The results showed that: 1) Compared with NAPC, the continuous porosity and permeability coefficient of RAPC are lower than those of NAPC, the compressive strength of RAPC has improved by 29.33%, the splitting tensile strength has reduced by 18.12%, the mass loss ratio of RAPC has improved by 11.26%; 2) By adding the fibers to RAPC, the continuous porosity with different volume fractions of fibers varies in a certain range. The continuous porosity of RAPC containing PF ranges from 18.6% to 20.8%, and that of RAPC containing CF ranges from 19.2% to 21.7%. In general, the permeability coefficient changes in a small rang with the changing of fiber content. The permeability coefficient of RAPC with PF ranges from 3.87-4.17 mm/s, and the permeability coefficient of RAPC containing CF ranges from 4.02 - 4.16 mm/s. The effects of PF and CF on the continuous porosity and permeability coefficient of RAPC are similar. 3) By adding PF in RAPC, compressive strength of RAPC is lower than that of control group. By adding CF in RAPC, compressive strength of RAPC increased first and then decreased with the increase of CF content. When the amount of CF up to 0.4%, the compressive strength reached a maximum value of 9.2 MPa which is higher than 14% that of control group. The splitting tensile strength increased first and then decreased with the increase of fiber content. For PF, when the amount of PF up to 0.6%, the compressive strength reached a maximum value of 2.0 MPa which is higher than that of control group (52.67%). For carbon fiber, when the amount of CF up to 0.4%, the compressive strength reached a maximum value of 1.78 MPa which is higher than that of control group (35.88%). 4) PF is better than CF for improving abrasion resistance. When the amount of PF up to 0.9%, the abrasion resistance reached a minimum value, which is lower than that of control group (41.2%). When the amount of CF up to 0.4%, the abrasion resistance reached a minimum value which is lower than that of control group (29.4%). 5) With the application of optimization theory, the optimum amount of PF in RAPC is 0.6%, and the optimal amount of CF in RAPC is 0.4%.The results can provide reference for the promotion and application of fiber-modified concrete and recycled aggregate pervious concrete. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Compressive strength

Controlled terms: Abrasion  -  Aggregates  -  Carbon fibers  -  Concrete aggregates  -  Concretes  -  Erosion  -  Fibers  -  Mechanical permeability  -  Mechanical properties  -  Polypropylenes   -  Porosity  -  Recycling  -  Site selection  -  Tensile strength  -  Volume fraction  -  Wear resistance

Uncontrolled terms: Economic benefits  -  Modified concrete  -  Optimization theory  -  Pavement concrete  -  Pervious concrete  -  Polypropylene fiber  -  Recycled aggregates  -  Splitting tensile strength

Classification code: 406 Highway Engineering  -  412 Concrete  -  452.3 Industrial Wastes  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  815.1.1 Organic Polymers  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20e+00%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.81e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01% to 2.08e+01%, Percentage 1.92e+01% to 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.00e-01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 3.00e-01%, Percentage 3.59e+01%, Percentage 4.00e-01%, Percentage 4.12e+01%, Percentage 5.27e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-01%, Percentage 8.00e-01%, Percentage 9.00e-01%, Pressure 1.78e+06Pa, Pressure 2.00e+06Pa, Pressure 9.20e+06Pa, Velocity 3.87e-03m/s to 4.17e-03m/s, Velocity 4.02e-03m/s to 4.16e-03m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Carbon sequestration effect and influential factors in pedogenic carbonates of saline-alkaline soils from shore of rump salt lake in Xinjiang

Accession number: 20191906900302

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Fang (1, 3); Xiong, Heigang (2, 3); Zhang, Zhaoyong (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources & Environment Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) College of Art and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology (Xinjiang University) Ministry of Education, Urumqi; 830046, China

Corresponding author: Xiong, Heigang(xhg1956@sohu.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 122-127

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: China has a large area of arid and semi-arid zone. The soil carbonate is the main form of soil carbon pool in arid and semi-arid regions, which has an important scientific research value. Soil carbonate contains weathering information during soil formation, and the capacity of carbon sequestration of pedogenic carbonates is closely related to the base cations supplying, silicate minerals comprising and organic matters in the soils. In this study, to keep away the agricultural areas and the entering water system, we set 3 different typical sample plots (N, W, E) in the north,west, and east shore of the rump salt Lake Abi. Respecting to the physical and chemical properties of soil and the characteristics of carbon isotopic fractionation of pedogenic carbonates, the carbon sequestration effect and influential factors in pedogenic carbonates of saline-alkaline soils from the shore of the Abi Lake had been investigated. The research results showed that there was a long-term and stable supply of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and other cations derived from the weathering of silicate minerals during the process of saline-alkaline soils’ formation in this study region. These cations of non-lithogenic carbonate sources came from the highlands around the lake basin carried into the low-lying catchment area in continuously by the water, wind and other forces etc., providing sufficient materials for soil carbonate to sequestrate modern atmospheric CO2. The average carbon density of soil carbonate carbon(SCC) was 4.05 times as many as that in soil organic carbon(SOC) in the saline-alkaline soils from shore of the Abi Lake. The results of δ13CSCC had indicated that the value ranged from -7.9‰ to 0.3‰, and there was a very significant negative correlation between δ13CSCC and HCO3-, and the correlation value (R2) is 0.669 9. One of the critical segment of secondary carbonate precipitation was that atmospheric carbon dioxide was dissolved into soil water in the form of bicarbonate ion. However, the δ13CSCC was also very significantly negatively correlated with the soil silicate minerals (actinolite, clinochlore and lllite). And with the increase of those Ca, Mg and Fe rich minerals in the soil, δ13CSCC decreased. Similarly, with more SOC content and higher biological weathering intensity in the soil, the δ13CSCC increased to bigger negative values. And in these cases, the pedogenic carbonate would sequestrate more light carbon from atmosphere. Ca2+ and Mg2+ contents of water-soluble salts and total salt with soil carbonate contents correlation value were not too high, but they were significantly correlated with the δ13CSCC in a concordant logarithmic relationship. The value was 0.758 7 and 0.694 7 respectively. If the biological weathering process was restrained by extremely higher soil salinity, the results implied that the pedogenic carbonate would sequestrate more heavy carbon. In this research, the transfer of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate-carbonate was mainly an inorganic process, when the salt content was more than 20 g/kg, and the δ13CSCC basically value was greater than -2. However, there was a coupling effect between organic process and inorganic process in carbon sequestrating. If the vegetation coverage was considered, the SOC pool could be increased. And in this way, the silicate weathering in soil could be strengthened by high concentration CO2 that was fractionated from biological process, and instead of returning to atmosphere. Hence, the pedogenic carbonate in arid areas has great potential capacity for atmospheric CO2 sequestration. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Organic carbon

Controlled terms: Alkalinity  -  Arid regions  -  Atmospheric chemistry  -  Carbon  -  Carbon dioxide  -  Carbonates  -  Carbonation  -  Catchments  -  Chlorite minerals  -  Ecology   -  Forestry  -  Isotopes  -  Lakes  -  Organic minerals  -  Positive ions  -  Silicate minerals  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Weathering

Uncontrolled terms: Arid and semi-arid regions  -  Atmospheric carbon dioxide  -  Coupling effect  -  Logarithmic relationship  -  Pedogenic carbonates  -  Physical and chemical properties  -  Salt lakes  -  Stable carbon isotopes

Classification code: 443 Meteorology  -  444 Water Resources  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  482.2 Minerals  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Soil pore segmentation of computed tomography images based on fully convolutional network

Accession number: 20191906900303

Title of translation:

Authors: Han, Qiaoling (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yue (1, 2, 3); Zhao, Yandong (1, 2, 3); Liu, Kexiong (1); Pang, Man (4)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Forestry Equipment and Automation, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Dingzhou Green Valley Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd, Dingzhou; 073006, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Yue(zhaoyue0609@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 128-133

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In this paper, a soil pore segmentation method based on fully convolutional network (FCN) is proposed to improve the accuracy of pore segmentation in soil image and provide technical support for the research of soil science. Taking the soil of typical black soil as the research object, the soil computed tomography image were obtained by scanning and cutting. Based on the FCN network, the soil image and the calibrated image of pore structure were input for convoluting, pooling and deconvoluting operations, and the error between the prediction image and the calibration image was used as feedback to complete the forward inference operation. Then, the weight value was updated by the back propagation algorithm to establish the soil pore segmentation model. Fully considering the pore geometry and spatial distribution characteristics, the pore model can accurately output the soil pore binary image. Meanwhile, the commonly used segmentation methods in the literature, such as Otsu method, watershed method, regional growth method and Fuzzy C-means method (FCM) were adopted for the comparative experiments on soil computed tomography images with low pore density (0-0.03), medium pore density (0.03-0.1) and high pore density (0.1-1) which were defined by porosity of soil. The experimental results showed that the watershed method and the regional growth method overestimate the pore structure of different geometries, including cracks between the pores, whereas the Otsu method and FCM method tended to overestimate the macropores and underestimate the micropores. Compared the five methods, the FCN method can accurately extract the pore structures with vary topologies from the complex soil computed tomography images with low, medium and high pore density. Moreover, the segmentation accuracy rate, over-segmentation rate, and under-segmentation rate were used to evaluate the soil pore segmentation performance of five methods. Based on 1487 soil computed tomography images, the average segmentation accuracy of FCN pore segmentation method was 98.1%, which was 25.6%, 48.3%, 55.7% and 9.5% higher than that of Otsu method, watershed method, regional growth method and FCM method. The average over-segmentation rate of the FCN pore segmentation method was 2.2%, which was only 33.8% of the suboptimal method (FCM method), respectively. And the average under-segmentation rate of the FCN pore segmentation method was 1.3%, which was only 23.6% of the suboptimal method (FCM method). In total, the FCN method can accurately extract the pore topology, restore the spatial distribution of pores and its application can make up for the shortcoming that the traditional segmentation method only uses the low-level features (gray and edge) when extracting the pore structure. Owing to the multiple convolution layers in the network, the FCN method can obtain the vary features of pore structure, so it has strong generalization ability and robustness of pore segmentation for different types of soil images. This paper will has a good reference for the microscopic process simulation, 3D reconstruction and soil structure analysis on the pore scale, and can provide a more intelligent technical method for soil science. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Image segmentation

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Backpropagation algorithms  -  Binary images  -  Computerized tomography  -  Convolution  -  Deep learning  -  Fuzzy inference  -  Image enhancement  -  Network layers  -  Pore structure   -  Soils  -  Spatial distribution  -  Topology  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Comparative experiments  -  Computed tomography images  -  Convolutional networks  -  Distribution characteristics  -  Generalization ability  -  Segmentation performance  -  Soil pores  -  Soil-structure analysis

Classification code: 444.1 Surface Water  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 2.20e+00%, Percentage 2.36e+01%, Percentage 2.56e+01%, Percentage 3.38e+01%, Percentage 4.83e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+00%, Percentage 9.81e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Influence of dry-wet alternation condition on mechanical properties of riverbank soil for typical sections in Jingjiang Reach of Yangtze River

Accession number: 20191906900305

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Jun (1); Zong, Quanli (2, 3); Yue, Hongyan (1); Liu, Zhaoxi (3)

Author affiliation: (1) River Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan; 430010, China; (2) School of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (3) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832000, China

Corresponding author: Zong, Quanli(quanli1871@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 144-152

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The dynamic change of water level in a hydrological year can keep riverbank soil in the state of alternating dry and wet. The variety of water content of riverbank soil can change the mechanical properties of soil to a certain extent, which can affect riverbank stability. In order to investigate quantitatively the influence of dry-wet alternation condition on mechanical properties of riverbank clay soil, a field observation and sampling were first conducted at eight typical riverbanks in upper and lower Jingjiang Reach, which the clay soil of the typical riverbanks in Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River was taken as the study area. Through a comprehensive analysis of measured data, indoor soil tests and BSTEM simulation, the composition and mechanical properties of these samples were obtained, which indicated that the vertical soil composition of riverbank was characterized by a typical composite structure of non-cohesive lower bank and cohesive upper bank. The indoor soil test results revealed the quantitative change of soil mechanics with dry-wet alternation condition, and a close relationship between water content and shear strength indicators was obtained. With an increase of water content, the cohesion first increased and then decreased, with the peak values of 21 kPa and 34 kPa for the critical water content of 16.0% and 22.8% at Jing 61 and Beimenkou sections, and eventually reached a constant, while internal friction angel decreased significantly. Considering the dry-wet alternation condition of riverbank soil and the change of river water level in a hydrological year, the degrees of riverbank stability at Jing 61 and Beimenkou sections were analyzed during four different water level periods using BSTEM, and the process of bank failure of two sections were simulated in 2013. The results indicated that: the model-predicted results of the total bank retreat width were in close agreement with the measured data with the relative errors 1.69% and 3.74%, respectively. At the same time, the safety factors under different dry and wet conditions were calculated based on the BSTEM simulated results of two typical sections. The relationship between safety factor and water content was obtained, which indicated the safety factor first increased and then decreased with an increase of water content. It was consistent with the relationship between soil cohesive and water content which proved that the soil cohesive has an important influence on the stability of river bank. Quantitative relationships between safety factors and cohesive and internal friction angle of two typical sections were identified, respectively, and the correlation coefficients were 0.980 and 0.876 for Jing 61 section, and 0.992 and 0.986 for Beimenkou section, respectively. The relationships between them were linear function from which the safety factors increased with the increase of the cohesive and internal friction angle, respectively. Thus, a conclusion can be drawn that the safety factor was mainly affected by soil cohesive under different dry and wet conditions. For actual project, when water content of the riverbank soil was obtained, the cohesive and internal friction angle of soil can be calculated by proposed formulas, thereby the safety factor of riverbank can be calculated and the stability of river bank can be identified. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Soil testing

Controlled terms: Banks (bodies of water)  -  Clay  -  Elasticity  -  Internal friction  -  Mechanical properties  -  Rivers  -  Safety factor  -  Shear strength  -  Soil mechanics  -  Soils   -  Stability  -  Water levels

Uncontrolled terms: Cohesive riverbank  -  Comprehensive analysis  -  Correlation coefficient  -  Critical water content  -  Dry and wet conditions  -  Internal friction angle  -  Jingjiang  -  Quantitative changes

Classification code: 407.2 Waterways  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.60e+01%, Percentage 1.69e+00%, Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 3.74e+00%, Pressure 2.10e+04Pa, Pressure 3.40e+04Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Detection of chicken infected with avian influenza based on audio features and fuzzy neural network

Accession number: 20191906900308

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Tiemin (1, 2); Huang, Junduan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 168-174

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Avian influenza influences the economy, food safety and human health. A rapid and accurate detection of chicken infected with avian influenza in farming not only directly benefits the chicken farming, but also prevents the cross propagation of avian influenza. This paper proposes a non-invasive disease poultry detection method based on voice analysis, which is designed to achieve the identification of the voice of chickens infected with avian influenza and that of the healthy ones. First, 14 white leghorn chickens of 5 weeks of age with specific pathogen free (SPF) were put into the isolated cage in the animal biosafety level 3 (ABSL 3) laboratory to record their voice. The voice samples of healthy chickens were collected by a T&F-91 enhanced 32G digital HD recording pen, and then the chickens were inoculated with the H7N9 avian influenza virus in the ABSL-3 laboratory. The H7N9 subtype avian influenza virus was diluted to 106EID50/0.1 mL with 10 000 μ/mL penicillin and streptomycin free phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which was then used to inoculate the chickens, each with 0.1 mL virus diluent. After that, the samples of infected chickens’ voice were collected. Secondly, in light of the fact that the frequency of chickens’ voice signal was higher than the ambient noise, the recorded voice signal was processed with pre-emphasis. The high pass filter was used, so as to weaken the signal of the noise and improve that of chickens’ voice. Thirdly, the processed chicken voice signal was further treated with the hamming window, and then it was divided into smaller segment, 21.3 ms per frames, which could be regarded as quasi steady state process. Fourthly, because the spectral entropy values of the obtained chickens’ voice and the noise were significantly distinguishing, the values of each frame were calculated out. Based on these values, the end point detection method was put forward, so that the chickens’ voice fragments were extracted from the complex ambient noise-containing record, while the non-chicken voice was discarded. Fifthly, the extracted chickens’ voice fragments were treated with time domain analysis, and 3 attributes (short time zero crossing rate, short time energy and the combination of them) were figured out as the characteristics of the healthy chickens and chickens infected with avian influenza. The 450 sampling voice of the healthy chickens and 450 of chicken infected with avian influenza were marked before their order being randomly disrupted. The marked samples were divided into 4 groups: 1 training set (600 samples) and 3 testing sets (100 samples in each group). Finally, the training set was trained by 3 Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy neural networks (each with different types of the membership function: π function, Gaussian function and Bell function). It was revealed from the training result that the network with the bell function had the highest recognition rate. So the network with bell shape function was applied to the 3 testing sets and results were obtained respectively: the sensitivity was 75.47%, 80.39% and 76.92%, the specificity was 80.85%, 79.59% and 72.92%, and the true recognition rate was 78%, 80% and 75%. Therefore, this kind of detection method might provide a set of non-invasive, rapid and efficient methods for avian influenza infected chickens detection or identification in poultry farms and poultry circulation market. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Speech recognition

Controlled terms: Acoustic noise  -  Animals  -  Bells  -  Entropy  -  Extraction  -  Fuzzy inference  -  Fuzzy logic  -  Fuzzy neural networks  -  High pass filters  -  Membership functions   -  Neural networks  -  Spectrum analysis  -  Time domain analysis  -  Viruses

Uncontrolled terms: Avian influenza  -  Recognition  -  Short-time energy  -  Spectral entropy  -  Zero crossing rate

Classification code: 461.9 Biology  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  703.2 Electric Filters  -  721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory  -  723.4 Artificial Intelligence  -  751.4 Acoustic Noise  -  751.5 Speech  -  752.1 Acoustic Devices  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Age 9.59e-02yr, Percentage 7.29e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Percentage 7.55e+01%, Percentage 7.69e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Percentage 7.96e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.04e+01%, Percentage 8.08e+01%, Time 2.13e-02s, Volume 1.00e-07m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Development of intelligent equipment for protected horticulture in world and enlightenment to China

Accession number: 20191906900310

Title of translation:

Authors: Qi, Fei (1, 2); Li, Kai (1, 2); Li, Shao (1, 2); He, Fen (1, 2); Zhou, Xinqun (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 183-195

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Intelligent protected horticulture is the advanced production form of digitization, refinement and automation in the whole process of horticultural products seeding and transplanting, cultivation management, environmental controlling, monitoring and early warning, harvesting and inner logistic etc. It is the hotspot of research and development and also the focus of agriculture upgrading both in China and overseas. In order to locate the development path of China and guide the research and development of the intelligent equipment of Chinese protected horticulture, it is necessary to study and analyze the current status and trend of the world’s development in this field. Based on the individuals’, enterprises’ and institutes’ main research in intelligent technology and equipment, the status and prospect of theintelligent equipment are analyzed. Intelligent seed production has been preliminarily realized in sowing and transplanting. The development of intelligent crop production in the aspects of plant adjustment, pollination, plant protection and harvest is speeding up. Some intelligent equipment such as leaf cutting and inspection has entered commercialized trial. Intelligent storage logistics has been continuously improved continuously in internal transportation, classification separation, cleaning, packaging and so on. The intelligent seedbed conveying and transportation robot has been widely applied, and research for high-speed sorting and packaging robots are accelerating research and development. It is found that the demand for intelligent equipment in the world protected horticulture is growing rapidly, the direction of research and development is gradually focused, green and safety are concerned more, commercialization of single machine is accelerating, and the systematic integrated intelligent production facilities are beginning to emerge.The research and analysis results have important reference for the scientific and technological strategy and industrial policy formulation, scientific research projectapproval, achievement evaluation, international cooperation and equipment research and development forintelligent protected horticulture in China. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 181

Main heading: Research and development management

Controlled terms: Accident prevention  -  Agriculture  -  Cultivation  -  Cutting equipment  -  Greenhouses  -  Industrial research  -  Intelligent robots  -  International cooperation  -  Seed

Uncontrolled terms: Horticultural products  -  Intelligence  -  Intelligent technology  -  Internal transportation  -  Prospect  -  Protected horticulture  -  Research and development  -  Status

Classification code: 731.6 Robot Applications  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Adsorption of cadmium in aqueous solution and passivation of cadmium in soil by rice dreg protein

Accession number: 20191906900314

Title of translation:

Authors: Yin, Renwen (1, 2, 3); Chen, Zhengxing (1, 2, 3); Li, Juan (1, 2, 3); Wang, Ren (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (2) School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China; (3) National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214122, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Zhengxing(zxchen2007@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 221-228

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Heavy metal cadmium waste is easily discharged into the environment along with waste water and waste residue. Cadmium will eventually enter the human body along with the food chain. It is difficult to be degraded in the human body, which will cause various diseases to human. However, research has shown that reducing effective cadmium content in soil can reduce cadmium content in crops. So the sufficient source and cheap material is needed to bind cadmium and reduce plants absorption cadmium. In order to explore the adsorption effect of rice dreg protein on cadmium in aqueous solution and the passivation effect on cadmium activity in soil through rice dreg. Firstly, the cadmium in aqueous solution was adsorbed by using the dreg protein, then, desorbed with the hydrochloric acid. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm adsorption equations were used to fit the adsorption process of cadmium in aqueous solution by using rice dreg protein, and the kinetic equations were used to fit the power of rice dreg protein combined with the cadmium. The fitting of the adsorption process was selected from the quasi-first-order and quasi-secondary adsorption kinetic equations according to the linear relationship closer to the adsorption process. Secondly, through the periodic sampling, Tessier step-by-step continuous extraction method was used to determine and investigate the ability of rice dreg to passivate cadmium in soil. The results showed that in the cadmium solution with different initial mass fraction, the maximum adsorption capacity of rice dreg to cadmium was 13.28 mg/g, and the combined cadmium desorption rate was desorbed with hydrochloric acid reached more than 90%. Simultaneously, both Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal equations can fit the adsorption process of rice dreg protein in cadmium aqueous solution, and the R2 was above 0.99 for both equations. Moreover, contrast with quasi-first-order kinetics equations, the adsorption of cadmium by rice dreg protein in solution was fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation in line. In addition, the cadmium passivation test showed better effect in soil after adding rice dreg within 28 days, which may be due to fact that the form of cadmium were changed in the soil and the cadmium activity was decreased by rice dreg protein. It was simpler to operate for rice dreg than straw in cadmium adsorption in aqueous solution, and the amount of addition was small. The addition of 0.5% and 1% rice dreg changed the state of cadmium in the soil and changed the cadmium from an active exchangeable state to an inactive state. In the passivation of cadmium in soil, the rice dreg had higher passivation rate than that of the commercial organic fertilizer, and its cost was low. Rice dreg was an environmentally friendly material. The rice dreg in the passivated cadmium in soil had the advantages of comprehensive action mechanism, simple operation, good passivation effect than that of plant straw and no pollution to the environment. Therefore, this study provided some new ideas for the application of rice dreg, such as removing cadmium from wastewater and decreasing cadmium activity in soil. Thereby it reduced cadmium in crops that planting on contaminated land or irrigation with cadmium wastewater. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 49

Main heading: Chemicals removal (water treatment)

Controlled terms: Adsorption  -  Adsorption isotherms  -  Cadmium  -  Chemical contamination  -  Crops  -  Desorption  -  Fertilizers  -  Heavy metals  -  Hydrochloric acid  -  Integral equations   -  Kinetic energy  -  Kinetic theory  -  Kinetics  -  Passivation  -  Proteins  -  Remediation  -  Soil conservation  -  Soil pollution  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Adsorption kinetic equations  -  Continuous extraction  -  First-order kinetics equation  -  Initial mass fractions  -  Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms  -  Pseudo second order kinetics  -  Rice dregs  -  Soil remediation

Classification code: 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  539.2.1 Protection Methods  -  549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  822.3 Food Products  -  921.2 Calculus  -  931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity

Numerical data indexing: Age 7.67e-02yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Study on production processes of nitrous oxide and its influencing factors from sediment of aquaculture ponds in Min River estuary

Accession number: 20191906900313

Title of translation:

Authors: Jin, Baoshi (1, 2); Yan, Hongyuan (1); Yang, Ping (2); Zeng, Congsheng (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environment Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing; 246011, China; (2) School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou; 350007, China

Corresponding author: Zeng, Congsheng(cszeng@fjnu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 213-220

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the three important greenhouse gases, which has an important impact on atmospheric environment, such as global warming, acid rain formation, ozone layer destruction and so on. As a special artificial aquatic ecosystem, aquaculture, which is rich in nutrients due to the application of a large amount of food, becomes a potential source of nitrous oxide. The total area and increasing rate of aquaculture in the coastal areas of China ranked first in the world, and the emission of N2O from the aquaculture attracted more and more attention. In order to differentiate the production process of N2O and its contribution to the total N2O production of sediment, this study took the reclamation shrimp ponds of Min River estuary in the southeast coast of China as the research object and adopted the laboratory-incubated experiments by means of inhibited process. On this basis, the influence of physicochemical properties on N2O production of sediment was analyzed and the measures to reduce N2O emission from the aquaculture were put forward. Results showed that the average N2O production rate of sediment from the shrimp pond was 1.80, 5.95 and 8.70 nmol/( kg•h) in the early, middle and final stages of the aquaculture, respectively. The shrimp pond was the N2O sources and the production rate increased with the time of aquaculture. The mean contribution of nitrification, denitrification, nitrifier denitrification and abiotic effect in the three aquaculture period was -162.04%, 327.52%, -239.45% and 90.27%, respectively. The N2O production of the sediments from the shrimp ponds in Min River estuary was generated from the denitrification and abiotic effect, while nitrification and nitrifier denitrification played a negative role. Nitrification was negatively correlated with denitrification and nitrifier denitrification, while nitrifier denitrification was negatively correlated with abiotic effect. The total N2O production rate of sediments in the shrimp ponds increased with temperature and decreased with salinity in general, which reached the maximum under the high-temperature and low-salinity condition and the minimum under the low-temperature and high-salinity condition. Salinity had a significant effect on the total N2O production and the four different production processes, while the interaction of temperature and salinity had a significant effect on the nitrifier denitrification and abiotic effect. The correlation analysis showed that the total N2O production rate was significantly positively correlated with the content of total carbon (TC), soil organic carbon (SOC), NH4+-N and the ratio of C: N. There was only abiotic processes significantly affected by TC and SOC in the four N2O production processes. In order to decrease the production and emission of N2O in the coastal aquaculture ecosystem, the salinity of aquaculture ecosystem would be increased and the contents of organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen would be reduced by increasing the exchange frequency between aquaculture water and seawater. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Low temperature production

Controlled terms: Acid rain  -  Aquaculture  -  Aquatic ecosystems  -  Denitrification  -  Emission control  -  Estuaries  -  Global warming  -  Greenhouse gases  -  Lakes  -  Nitrification   -  Nitrogen oxides  -  Organic carbon  -  Ozone layer  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Ponds  -  Rivers  -  Sediments  -  Shellfish  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Atmospheric environment  -  Coastal aquaculture  -  Correlation analysis  -  Influencing factor  -  Nitrous oxide  -  Ozone layer destruction  -  Production process  -  Soil organic carbon

Classification code: 407.2 Waterways  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  451.1 Air Pollution Sources  -  451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  461.9 Biology  -  483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage -1.62e+02%, Percentage -2.39e+02%, Percentage 3.28e+02%, Percentage 9.03e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Effect of second-order Stokes nonlinear tidal wave on performance of tidal tubular turbines

Accession number: 20191906900293

Title of translation:

Authors: Feng, Jianjun (1); Zhu, Guojun (1); Wang, Zhun (1); Wu, Guangkuan (1); Luo, Xingqi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Corresponding author: Zhu, Guojun(zhuguojun@xaut.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 48-54

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: As a form of ocean energy, tidal energy is extremely abundant in oceans, with the characteristics of being clean, reliable, predictable and renewable. In the development of tidal energy, a bi-directional tubular turbine has been widely adopted for power generation. The tubular turbine converts the energy extracted from tides into mechanical energy, and further into useful electricity. The tubular turbine has been well designed suitable for generating power from both flow directions, in order to take full use of the tidal energy not only in the flood tide state but also during the ebb tide state. However, the operation condition of the tubular turbine will be definitely affected by the movement of the wave caused by tide, especially for the reverse power generation direction in which the flow direction is from the ocean to the turbine installed in the hydraulic dam. In this case, under the influence of ocean wave current conditions, the change of hydrodynamic performance during the reverse operation of tidal energy units is an important issue to be considered during the development of tidal energy units. In this paper, the nonlinear second-order Stokes wave law was used to simulate the ocean tide flow, and the second-order Stokes wave formula ocean wave flow condition model has been established based on actual oceanic flow conditions. The chosen tubular turbine had 4 runner blades, with a hub ratio of 0.38 and a runner diameter of 2.5 m. The turbine consisted of an intake part with body, guide vanes, runner and straight draft tube. In order to discrete the computational domains, the grid generation tool ICEM CFD was used to generate high quality structure grids. The number of grids chosen for simulations was approximately 6.5 million, after a grid-independent study with the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine being the examined criterion. The RNG k-Ε. turbulence model was chosen to close the time-averaged N-S equations. Transient simulations with considering the effect of the ocean wave on the flow have been realized with the help of ANSYS CFX, with a VOF (volume of fluid) model being adopted in the ocean domain to simulate the free surface of the boundary between the liquid and air. Based on the numerical results, the internal flow characteristics of a tidal energy turbine tune turbine in reverse running under dynamic wave flow boundary conditions were studied. In addition, the influence mechanism of tidal wave on the stability of the tubular turbine operation was discussed in detail. The results showed that: 1) Considering the coupling of wave and flow, most of the kinetic energy was lost after the tidal wave collided with the dam, and the reflected wave flow was therefore formed, which covered the air before the next peak of the wave and produces bubbles entering into the interior of the ocean. 2) The interaction between the incoming tidal wave and the reflected tidal wave on the wall of the dam was the cause of the vortex at the water intake of the tidal tubular turbine. The formed vortex was rotated under the liquid surface and flows into the internal flow field. The upper side of the flow path compressed the flow area to form a low-pressure and low-speed vortex region, which changed the flow distribution of the internal flow field and the characteristics of the tubular turbine. 3) The action of the dynamic wave caused the force on the rotor blades of the tidal tubular turbine to fluctuate greatly, and the low-frequency amplitude of the blade force increases with the development of the air-entraining vortex. At the same time, the fluctuation of unit output under the influence of wave current reached 3.86%, which was much higher than that of less than 1% under no-wave condition, resulting in a decline in power quality. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Wave energy conversion

Controlled terms: Air  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Computer simulation  -  Flow fields  -  Hydraulic motors  -  Kinetic energy  -  Kinetics  -  Models  -  Navier Stokes equations  -  Oceanography   -  Tidal power  -  Tsunamis  -  Tubular turbines  -  Turbine components  -  Turbines  -  Turbomachine blades  -  Turbulence models  -  Vortex flow

Uncontrolled terms: Computational domains  -  Hydraulic efficiency  -  Hydraulic performance  -  Hydrodynamic performance  -  Internal flow characteristics  -  Reverse power generations  -  VOF (volume of fluid)  -  Wave flow

Classification code: 471.1 Oceanography, General  -  471.4 Seawater, Tides and Waves  -  611.2 Tidal Power Plants  -  615.6 Wave Energy  -  617 Turbines and Steam Turbines  -  617.3 Steam Engines  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  921.2 Calculus

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 3.86e+00%, Size 2.50e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Dynamic counting method of cotton rows in video based on centroid tracking

Accession number: 20191906900309

Title of translation:

Authors: Liang, Xihuizi (1, 3); Chen, Bingqi (1); Li, Minzan (2); Wei, Chaojie (1); Yang, Yanqiu (1); Wang, Jin (1); Feng, Jie (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Bingqi(fbcbq@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 175-182

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Pesticide spraying is one of the most important farm activities related to the protection of plants. The application of pesticides by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) can effectively avoid the harm caused by pesticides to human body, but the amount of pesticides is limited and it is difficult to locate the pesticides between flights. The unmanned navigation tractor with GNSS (global navigation satellite system) has realized the automatic navigation of planting and cotton harvesting in large area cotton field while could not work in cotton plant protection operation because the complex crop growth environment on site. Visual navigation vehicle can carry a large amount of pesticide, and its operation path is determined by the growth state of crops in the farmland avoiding crushing seedling. Therefore, it has great potential for the unmanned plant protection vehicle based on visual navigation in the field environment. Nowadays, sprayers mounted on tractors have being utilized in cotton protection in Xinjiang. The present studies for objects mainly focus on static images, and the dynamic detection of crop rows in video sequence is studied barely. Aiming at that, A plant protection unmanned vehicle was exploited, which can enhance and complement the intelligent agriculture. After the vehicle finish spraying in one cotton row, it will stop safely and accurately just at the edge of the proposed position. Subsequently, its 4 wheels will rotate 90° simultaneously, so as to ensure it can move in a vertical direction through the cotton rows; a camera on the opposite side can also be utilized to count the cotton rows and avoid repeated spraying. When the vehicle passes cotton rows preseted, its 4 wheels can simultaneously rotate 90°again along the same direction to prepare for the next spraying. Then a video-based dynamic count method for cotton rows is proposed to determine the interval distance of linear operation area in this paper. By tracking the centroids of cotton plant, the number of cotton rows could be counted in real time. Firstly, the color image from video became grayscale to emphasize information of cotton rows with prominent green component by calculation of 2G-R-B. Then, a region of interest (ROI) was set not only to reduce the calculation amount, but also to avoid the lacking of seedling in the end of cotton rows. Secondly, the vertical cumulative histogram of gray in ROI was solved and the histogram vs ROI width curve was obtained. The wave crests of the curve determined by two conditions were found, in which the width and the sharpness should be satisfied with threshold. Then a floating window was established to positioning the cotton row. Besides that, the grayscale centroids of each floating window were calculated, which represent the cotton rows where each one was located. Thirdly, a target window with the size of 65×65 was established for each centroid. With the growth of cotton, the branches and leaves intertwined in which situation, the gap between the 2 cotton rows became smaller, and the cotton leaves of one row were very loose. In this case, one cotton row might correspond to more than one target window. To avoiding the influences of the growth, the overlap rate was calculated between each 2 adjacent target windows. And the 2 target windows whose overlap rate meeting the condition (large than 0.1) should be merged together. It had been done until no overlapped rate meeting the conditions. Thus, each cotton row had been identified. For tracking, starting from the second frame, the overlap rate between each target window and other target windows from previous frame was judged, if it met the condition, the two target windows in the two successive frames were connected. Then the cotton row could be tracked. The test proved that the processing time of detecting cotton row was approximately 150 ms per frame, which satisfied the requirement of practical application for the cotton protection in the field. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Cotton

Controlled terms: Antennas  -  Computer vision  -  Crops  -  Global positioning system  -  Graphic methods  -  Image segmentation  -  Navigation  -  Pesticides  -  Plants (botany)  -  Tractors (agricultural)   -  Tractors (truck)  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic navigation  -  Cotton fields  -  Counting row number  -  Cumulative histogram  -  Global Navigation Satellite Systems  -  Lateral movement  -  Recognition  -  Vertical direction

Classification code: 601.2 Machine Components  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  663.1 Heavy Duty Motor Vehicles  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Time 1.50e-01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Influence of different vibration characteristic parameters on vibration response of apricot trees

Accession number: 20191906900288

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Huimin (1); San, Yunlong (2); Chen, Yifei (1); Wang, Xuenong (1); Niu, Changhe (1); Hou, Shulin (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Agricultural Mechanization Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Xuenong(xjwxn2010@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 10-16

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In this paper, the combination of finite element modeling and experiment was used to study the effects of different vibration parameters such as vibration time (A), amplitude (B) of the vibration excitation point on apricot tree vibration and vibration frequency (C), and optimize the performance of forest fruit vibration harvesting prototype. The effects of different vibration parameters on the vibration detection points of apricot trees were analyzed by vibration response test. The response analysis of apricot tree free modal vibration using ANSYS Workbench software showed that apricot trees had typical free modal responses at 15, 26, 30 and 40 orders, the corresponding frequencies were 5.5, 10.5, 15.1, and 29.3 Hz, respectively; and the maximum displacement deformation of fruit trees was 286.5, 261.9, 267.2, and 273.5 mm, respectively. The typical free modal cloud image analysis showed that the typical free modalities of the 15th and 26th orders were higher in the terminal end responsiveness of the apricot branches. The 30th order fruit tree had a high overall response consistency, and the apricot tree had the largest deformation response at the end; at the 40th order of 29.3 Hz, some branches of the fruit trees were severely deformed, and the overall structure of the tree was easily destroyed. The optimal response frequency of apricot tree vibration harvesting ranged from 0 to 20 Hz. The harmonic response analysis showed that in the optimal frequency range, the acceleration of the same position increased with the increase of the excitation amplitude at the same frequency, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend; When the amplitude of the vibration excitation point of the apricot tree was 5, 10 and 15 mm, at the same frequency, as the excitation amplitude increased, the acceleration at the same position increased, but the overall variation of the vibration curve was consistent with the trend. The three-factor and three-level vibration response tests were conducted to study the effects of vibration time, vibration frequency and excitation point amplitude on the acceleration of three different detection points. The multivariate regression analysis of variance showed that the accelerations P1 and P2 of detection points 1 and 2 were less than 0.000 1, the overall model was highly significant (P3 of the detection point 3 was 0.000 1, and the overall model was highly significant (P3 value of the detection point 3 of the model regression terms AB, AC and A2 was not significant (P>0.05), and other regression terms were significant (P2 of the regression equations from the bottom to the top three detection points were 0.906 7, 0.879 3 and 0.973 3, respectively. Using the Design-Expert 10.0.3 software to optimize the detection point response equation, the optimal vibration recovery parameter combination was that the vibration time was 7.207 s, the vibration frequency was 15 Hz, and the amplitude of the excitation point was 10 mm. The verification test showed that the acceleration from the bottom to the top of each detection point was 10.4, 10.2 and 9.3 g, which was similar to the optimized value. These conclusions can provide design and theoretical basis for the design of mechanical parameters of apricot vibration harvesting. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Vibration analysis

Controlled terms: Acceleration  -  Deformation  -  Forestry  -  Fruits  -  Harvesting  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Modal analysis  -  Multivariant analysis  -  Orchards   -  Regression analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Apricot  -  Coefficient of determination  -  Excitation amplitudes  -  Harmonic response analysis  -  Multivariate regression analysis  -  Vibration characteristics  -  Vibration response  -  Vibrations

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  922 Statistical Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 2.00e+01Hz, Frequency 1.50e+01Hz, Frequency 2.93e+01Hz, Mass 1.02e-02kg, Mass 9.30e-03kg, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.50e-02m, Size 2.74e-01m, Time 7.21e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Investigation of cavitation suppression by arranging pits on hydrofoil suction side

Accession number: 20191906900292

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Wei (1); Tang, Tao (1); Lu, Shengpeng (1); Jiao, Jianxiong (1); Zhang, Qingdian (1); Wang, Xiaofang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian; 116024, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 40-47

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The existence of cavitation will lead to different intensity of vibration, shocks as well as acoustic noise and worsen the cavitation erosions which results in structural fatigue failure. In order to suppress the evolution and detachment of bubbles efficiently, based on the existing experimental phenomena, a new idea is proposed to achieve cavitation flow control by setting pits on the suction side of the hydrofoil. To study the impact of this new structure on cavitation flow field, in this paper, the unsteady cavitation flow around the NACA66 (MOD) hydrofoil at 8° angle of attack was simulated by Realizable k-Ε turbulence model combined with Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model for different cavitation numbers, pits size and pits location. The results indicate that the simulated cavity shapes around foil were well fitted with the experimental high speed images, and showed that the selected models can better predict the cavitation flow. The results also showed that for the study of the non-cavitation flow, the suction side pits led to the decrease of the hydrofoil lift-to-drag ratio and impair the hydrodynamic performance. However, this was very different from that in cavitation condition. In addition, the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the 2D hydrofoil cavitation flow field and the effect of hydrofoil surface structure factors on cavitation suppression showed that the tail position of cavitation closure region was very close to that of the pits which located at 0.32 chord (0.32c) distance from leading edge for the sheet cavitation (Cavitation number=1.23). The presence of the pits changed the direction of the re-entrant jet and caused the severe dissipation of the kinetic energy of the re-entrant jet. As a result, the re-entrant jet was blocked to enter the cavity body, and therefore, the cavitation shedding and vibration frequency decreased. However, the evolution of cavity had not been suppressed along with the increased cavity length because local low pressure region formed at the position of pits (0.32c) celebrated the development of cavitation flow. But when the pits were placed at 0.2c distance from leading edge, the maximum cavity length was shortened 3% compared with that for normal hydrofoil without any changes of lift-to-drag ratio. The structure of pits played a positive role in controlling cavitation flow when the sheet cavitation occurred. Moreover, for cloud cavitation (Cavitation number=0.81), when the pits were placed at 0.2c, the lift-to-drag ratio increased and shedding frequency decreased which showed a good hydrodynamic performance. The effect analysis of pits structure size and position on cavitation flow revealed the pits had an obvious effect of suppressing cavitation after the cavity length reach maximum. The size of the detached vapor cloud and the low pressure distribution zone of the trailing edge were significantly smaller than that of the normal hydrofoil, therefore the vortex at the trailing edge were suppressed. Through the spectrum analysis of the lift coefficients of different hydrofoils, it is found that the presence of the pits weakened the hydrofoil vibration caused by the detachment of cloud cavity. That meant that with the proper design of pits, the hydrodynamic efficiency was increased and the unsteady behavior of the cavitation could be suppressed. Finally, the study of the boundary layer velocity and pressure distribution of the hydrofoil suction side revealed that arranging the pits on the suction side of the hydrofoil could reduce the thickness of the boundary layer of the hydrofoil surface and enhance the anti-reverse pressure capability, but it accelerated the re-entrant jet near the pits. Therefore, cavitation could be suppressed only when the anti-reverse pressure gradient capability was greater than the impact of the re-entrant jet. The conclusions obtained in the numerical calculations showed that the proper suction side pits can suppress cavitation, broaden the scope of passive control technology research, and also stimulate the subsequent research of cavitation suppression methods. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Cavitation

Controlled terms: Acoustic noise  -  Angle of attack  -  Boundary layer flow  -  Boundary layers  -  Computer simulation  -  Drag  -  Failure (mechanical)  -  Flow fields  -  Hydrodynamics  -  Hydrofoils   -  Kinetic energy  -  Kinetics  -  Lift drag ratio  -  Models  -  Numerical methods  -  Pressure distribution  -  Spectrum analysis  -  Surface structure  -  Turbulence models  -  Vibration analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Boundary layer velocity  -  Cavitation conditions  -  Dynamic characteristics  -  Hydrodynamic efficiency  -  Hydrodynamic performance  -  K-epsilon turbulence model  -  Low pressure distribution  -  Suction side

Classification code: 631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics  -  651.1 Aerodynamics, General  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  751.4 Acoustic Noise  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Study on dewatering effect of sewage sludge by adding rice husk flour

Accession number: 20191906900315

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Yan (1); Ping, Wei (1); Wang, Xiang (1); Zhong, Yinhai (1); Wang, Maoqing (1); Liu, Xingwang (1); Liu, Yuhuan (1); Xia, Hengrong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Georges University, Wanzhou; 404100, China

Corresponding author: Ping, Wei(1510069@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 229-234

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, finding valuable application of rice husk should be targeted for further research, and how to deal with sewage sludge has become an issue that requires urgent attention. In this study, rice husk flour, an agricultural waste material, was used to condition sludge and enhance sludge dewaterability. The effect of rice husk flour dosage on sludge dewaterability was investigated, and the surface element content and main components of rice husk flour and the microstructure of sludge cakes was investigated to analyze conditioning mechanisms. In addition, the effect of adding rice husk flour on turbidity and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of sludge filtrate were also investigated, the advantages of adding rice husk flour for future filtrate treatment were evaluated. Results showed that the dewaterability of sludge conditioned with the rice husk flour and FeCl3 (138.09 g/kg dry solids, DS) was much superior to the sludge conditioned with rice husk flour, and the optimal dosage of rice husk flour was 70%. With the optimal rice husk dosage, the sludge specific resistance to filtration (SRF) decreased by 59.73%, the net sludge solids yield (YN) increased by 45.27%, and the solid content of sludge cake increased from 13.99% to 23.97%, compared with the sludge conditioned with FeCl3 (138.09 g/kg) alone. When the rice husk flour was used to condition sewage sludge combined with FeCl3 (138.09 g/kg), the large cracks were found in the sludge cake easily by an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and the coefficient of compressibility of sludge cake was decreased to 0.92 (the coefficient of compressibility of raw sludge cake and sludge cake conditioned with FeCl3 alone were 1.21 and 1.08, respectively). So the sludge cake became more incompressible and permeable and the sludge moisture could easily pass through. Therefore, the rice husk flour was proved to play a supportive role as a skeleton builder in the sludge cake for sludge conditioning and dewatering. Surface element contents and zeta potential of rice husk flour tested by an energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Zetasizer Nano analyzer showed that the stability of sludge colloidal system was not destroyed by charge neutralization, and the sludge particles could not congregate with each other under the treatment with rice husk flour alone, it might be the main reason why adding rice husk flour and FeCl3 was superior to adding rice husk flour alone for sludge conditioning and dewatering. Moreover, adding rice husk flour could reduce turbidity and SCOD of filtrate (the turbidity decreased from 11.89 NTU to 2.91 NTU and SCOD decreased from 664.87 to 79.93 mg/L, respectively) because the rice husk flour addition might adsorb the pollutants in sludge supernatant. As important indices of water quality, the reduction of turbidity and SCOD was benefited to further filtrate treatment because of the possible significant reduction of difficulty and cost, that is to say that adding rice husk flour as a conditioner aid can also improve the quality of filtrate for further filtrate treatment. Therefore, using rice husk flour to condition sludge is economically feasible and promising. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 22

Main heading: Filtration

Controlled terms: Agricultural wastes  -  Chemical oxygen demand  -  Chlorine compounds  -  Compressibility  -  Dewatering  -  Iron compounds  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Sewage sludge  -  Sols  -  Turbidity   -  Wastes  -  Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Dewaterability  -  Filtrate turbidity  -  Incompressibility  -  Rice husk flours  -  Sludge  -  Soluble chemical oxygen demands

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis  -  452.2 Sewage Treatment  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 6.65e-01kg/m3 to 7.99e-02kg/m3, Percentage 1.40e+01% to 2.40e+01%, Percentage 4.53e+01%, Percentage 5.97e+01%, Percentage 7.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Multi-objective optimization of double vane pump based on radial basis neural network and particle swarm

Accession number: 20191906900290

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Chunlin (1); Hu, Beibei (1); Feng, Yiming (1); Liu, Keke (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 2

Issue date: January 15, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 25-32

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The double vane pump is a special type of flow vane centrifugal pump. It adopts a design with less blades, which leads to a disadvantage that the performance of the double vane pump is inferior to that of the multi-blade pump at the same specific velocity. Its stability is 3%-8% lower than of a vane centrifugal pump.Therefore, it is necessary to improve the work efficiency by optimizing the hydraulic design. This article took a double-passage sewage pump model 80QW50-15-4 as the research object. The optimization objective was to design the head and efficiency of the flow point. ANSYS CFX(computational fluid dynamics x) was used to perform numerical simulation to obtain performance data. According to the two-dimensional hydraulic drawing of the initial model pump, the three-dimensional modeling software Pro/Engineer5.0 was used to simulate the water body of the impeller and the volute and to perform mesh division and irrelevance verification. The model pump was subjected to numerical simulation and experiment of clear water medium, and the performance curve was obtained and compared. The error analysis showed that the maximum error of head and efficiency was 3.9% and 1.7%, which meant that the performance prediction model established by this method had high accuracy. Partial initial model impeller structure parameters were selected for performance impact analysis. The Plackett-Burman screening test was used to determine the blade wrap angle, blade outlet angle and impeller outlet width were significant factors affecting head and efficiency of design flow. According to Fang Kaitai’s unified design table, training samples of RBF(radial basis function) neural network were arranged, so as to establish important structural parameters and performance prediction models, and generated 5 groups of structural parameters random for neural network testing and error analysis. The head and efficiency performance prediction model trained by radial basis neural network was introduced into the particle swarm optimization algorithm as the fitness evaluation model of particle swarm optimization algorithm. The Pareto optimal solution set of head and efficiency was obtained, and the optimal head and efficiency were selected. In addition, this paper also studied the performance and internal flow field differences of the initial individual, the optimal individual of head and the optimal individual of efficiency when transporting different media. It was known from the performance curve that the performance of individuals was improved when transporting different media. The reason for the performance improvement was revealed by the internal flow field distribution map. In order to verify the practicability of the optimization results, a clear water test was performed on the optimal head and the most efficient individual to obtain a performance curve and compared with the performance curve of the initial individual. Among them, the experimental head of the optimal head at the design flow point increased by 0.96 m than the initial individual, the increase rate reached 5.5%, the efficiency increased by 1.6 percentage point; the efficiency of the best individual increased by 10.11 percentage point, the head decreased slightly but met the design requirements. The test proved that the optimization effect was obvious. This optimization method improves the hydraulic characteristics of impeller and the performance of double vane pump. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Curve fitting

Controlled terms: Algorithms  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Computer simulation  -  Efficiency  -  Error analysis  -  Flow fields  -  Forecasting  -  Impellers  -  Multiobjective optimization  -  Numerical models   -  Optimization  -  Pareto principle  -  Particle swarm optimization (PSO)  -  Pumps  -  Radial basis function networks  -  Sewage  -  Vane pumps  -  Verification

Uncontrolled terms: Hydraulic characteristic  -  Pareto optimal solutions  -  Particle swarm optimization algorithm  -  Performance prediction models  -  Radial basis neural networks  -  RBF(radial basis function)  -  Structural parameter  -  Three-dimensional model

Classification code: 452.1 Sewage  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  618.2 Pumps  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.70e+00%, Percentage 3.00e+00% to 8.00e+00%, Percentage 3.90e+00%, Percentage 5.50e+00%, Size 9.60e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.02.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village