1. Design of crop phenotype and evapotranspiration monitoring system based on weighing lysimeter and multi-sensors

Accession number: 20191906870432

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Yanping (1, 2); Du, Yali (1, 2); Nie, Mingjun (3); Xue, Xuzhang (2); Zhang, Xin (2); Zheng, Wengang (3); Cui, Kewang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Electronic Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin; 300401, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Xin(zhangx@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 114-122

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The measurement and estimation of evapotranspiration plays an important role in agriculture. In this study, we designed a plant phenotype and evapotranspiration monitoring system based on weighing lysimeter and multi-images. A total of 24 small weighing lysimeters, integrated RGB imaging sensors, multispectral imaging sensors and a 2D laser scanner were integrated with a gantry to control the movement in order to build weighing lysimeter plant phenotypic monitoring system, realizing automatic monitoring of RGB, red (668 nm), green (560 nm), blue (475 nm), the red edge (717 nm), near infrared (840 nm) image information and plant height information during plant growth period. Each lysimeter had the length of 1 m, a the width of 0.75 m and the depth of 2 m. The effective planting area was 0.75 m2. The total area was 18 m2. The intact soil was filled into the lysimeter. The lysimeter was equipped with data collecting system. The pressure signal was transformed into electrical signals. Wheather stations were installed to measure air temperature, air humidity, radiation, wind speed, precipitation, and the others. The phenotypic monitoring module was composed of RGB high speed color camera, 5-channel multi-spectral camera and laser scanner. The motion control module was of programmable logic controller in motor control cabinet in charge of moving ganty. The outside of programmable logic controller had the man-machine interaction interface. If the automatic control system failed, it could be manually controlled through the man-machine interaction interface. In this paper, phenotypic data, meteorological station data and lysimeter data were combined to not only estimate crop evapotranspiration in a large area, but also obtain various crop index and plant height information. The system was then tested at the designed normal speed and sampling frequency meeting the practical requirements. The results showed that the single journey time of the system was 142 s when the RGB and multi-spectral imaging sensor images were taken every 5 s, laser scanning once every 1 s. After a journey, the system could automatically collect 28 RGB and multi-spectral images, from which plant growth information could be derived. The obtained image data were stored in time format in a folder. During the motion control test, the single journey, time for single journey, pulse for single journey were recorded at designed motor rotation speed of 0.111 and 0.167 m/s. The relative error between the measured and the designed values was 1.8%-6.0%, indicating that the motion control performance was well. The system was used for estimation of evapotranspiration after seedling estimation of winter wheat. The RGB images were collected every 10 days. The average daily coverage and crop coefficient were calculated to calculate evapotranspiration. Finally, the estimated evapotranspiration had the relative error of 16.62% averagely, indicating the reliability of evapotranspiration estimation by the system. In addition, the acquired multi-spectral images and laser scanner data of summer maize were revealed, suggesting that the system could reliably obtain crop index and plant height information such as normalized difference vegetation index, difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, normalized difference green index, soil adjusted vegetation index and so on. In sum, this system integrated the lysimeter and multispectral images so as to provide an valuable technology and equipment support for real-time monitoring, accurate diagnosis of crop evapotranspiration and researches on crop growth status. In future, It is necessary to carry out researches on the acquisition of other phenotypic information and image fusion so as to obtain more crop information. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Monitoring

Controlled terms: Automation  -  Cameras  -  Computer circuits  -  Controllers  -  Crops  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Image acquisition  -  Image fusion  -  Imaging systems  -  Infrared devices   -  Laser applications  -  Lysimeters  -  Motion control  -  Programmable logic controllers  -  Programmed control systems  -  Scanning  -  Soil surveys  -  Spectroscopy  -  Vegetation  -  Weighing   -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Crop evapotranspiration  -  Multi-spectral cameras  -  Multispectral images  -  Multispectral imaging sensors  -  Normalized difference vegetation index  -  Phenotype  -  Ratio vegetation indices  -  Technology and equipments

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  721.3 Computer Circuits  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  744.9 Laser Applications  -  746 Imaging Techniques  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  943.3 Special Purpose Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.74e-02yr, Area 1.80e+01m2, Area 7.50e-01m2, Percentage 1.66e+01%, Percentage 1.80e+00% to 6.00e+00%, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e+00m, Size 4.75e-07m, Size 5.60e-07m, Size 6.68e-07m, Size 7.17e-07m, Size 7.50e-01m, Size 8.40e-07m, Time 1.00e+00s, Time 1.42e+02s, Time 5.00e+00s, Velocity 1.11e-01m/s, Velocity 1.67e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Screening of molecularly imprinted pre-assembly system for detection of deltamethrin pesticide residues and its specific adsorption properties

Accession number: 20191906870451

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Lu (1); Zhou, Liumei (1); Xie, Xinan (1); Li, Yan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510640, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 269-277

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: To efficiently prepare decamethrin molecular (DM) imprinted polymers, the molecular dynamics simulation and ultraviolet spectrum were involved to study the preassembled system of DM and functional monomers in this paper. The binding energy (E) between DM and three different functional monomers (acrylic acid, AA; acrylamide, AM; methacrylic acid, MAA) in different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, acetone and acetonitrile) were calculated by molecular dynamics simulation. Results showed that the AM monomer and acetonitrile solvent had the highest stabilization energy for the pre-polymerization adducts. Additionally, the polymer obtained from the molar ratio of DM to AM at 1:4 to 1:6 may be more stable. Ultraviolet spectrum analysis results showed that there was strong interaction between DM and AM, the red shift degree of ultraviolet spectrum maximum absorption peak followed the order: AM > AA = MAA, and then indicated that AM was most suitable monomers for DM molecular imprinted polymers, which was consistent with the predictions based on the computer simulation. Differential ultraviolet spectrum showed that when acetonitrile used as solvent, one DM molecule could be combined with AA monomer in the ratio of 1:3 or AM monomer in the ratio of 1:4. However, it was difficult for DM to form stable complex with MAA because the fitting correlation coefficient of the equation was less than 0.86. Best performance was observed when chemical coordination ratio (n) between DM and AM was equal to 4, at this time, the fitting correlation coefficient of the equation was 0.997 3, and the binding constant K was 6.614×105. Based on the above computer simulation and ultraviolet spectrum analysis results, the molecularly imprinted polymers of DM were synthesized by the precipitation polymerization method with the AM as the functional monomer, and its synthetic formula was optimized through orthogonal experiment design. Then, the optimum imprinting conditions were established: 1 mmol DM as the template molecule, 4 mmol AM as the functional monomers, 40 mL acetonitrile as the solvent, 20 mmol ethylene dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker. Using these conditions, the DM molecular imprinted polymers had bigger saturated adsorption capacity of 68.61 mg/g than other conditions. The prepared molecular imprinted polymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM demonstrates that the DM molecular imprinted polymers formed staggered porous structure. The data of BET revealed that the DM molecular imprinted polymers had smaller pore size (15.83 nm) than non-imprinted polymers (18.84 nm), but with a larger specific surface area (95.58 m2/g) and pore volume (0.578 5 cm3/g). The FTIR results confirmed the successful preparation of the DM molecular imprinted polymers. And then the adsorption selectivity of prepared polymers on deltamethrin and its analogues cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin were studied. The experimental results showed that the static equilibrium adsorption capacity and static distribution coefficient of DM was much higher than that of other analogues. Its imprinting factor (IF) was 2.269, and the corresponding separation factor α was more than 3.2, which has exhibited obvious specific identification. All above results showed that computer simulation and ultraviolet spectrum analysis could help to design the better performance molecular imprinted polymers. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Spectrum analysis

Controlled terms: Absorption spectroscopy  -  Acetone  -  Acetonitrile  -  Acrylic monomers  -  Adsorption  -  Amides  -  Ascorbic acid  -  Binding energy  -  Chemical analysis  -  Chlorine compounds   -  Ethylene  -  Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy  -  Hexane  -  Molar ratio  -  Molecular dynamics  -  Molecules  -  Organic solvents  -  Pesticides  -  Polyethylenes  -  Polymerization   -  Pore size  -  Red Shift  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Ultraviolet spectroscopy  -  Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy

Uncontrolled terms: Distribution coefficient  -  Molecular dynamics simulations  -  Molecular imprinted polymers  -  Molecularly Imprinted Polymer  -  Orthogonal experiment design  -  Precipitation polymerizations  -  Saturated adsorption capacity  -  Ultraviolet spectrum analysis

Classification code: 801 Chemistry  -  801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  815.1.1 Organic Polymers  -  815.2 Polymerization  -  931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Amount_Of_Substance 2.00e-02mol, Size 1.58e-08m, Size 1.88e-08m, Specific_Surface_Area 9.56e+04m2/kg, Volume 4.00e-05m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Energy and exergy flow simulation in working process of heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine based on microscopic field

Accession number: 20191906870426

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Zhongchang (1, 2); Liu, Changcheng (1, 2); Tian, Jing (1, 2); Xu, Yun (1, 2); Yang, Zeyu (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China; (2) College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun; 130025, China

Corresponding author: Tian, Jing(jingtian@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 62-71

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to investigate the energy, exergy loss, exergy change rules and to explain the change reasons from the perspective of micro-field in cylinder, the experiments, simulation, thermodynamics basic principles and theoretical calculation under various steady working conditions were carried out by taking a heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine as the research object. In the working process of heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine, there must be internal factors in working process which causing energy and exergy changes, especially in combustion process, such as diffusion and oxidation, mixing, heat transfer of different temperature layers, while these factors are closely related to the movement of mixture gas, the mixing uniformity of fuel and air, temperature distribution. The causes of energy, exergy and loss in turbocharged diesel engine working process were discussed from the aspects of velocity, equivalent ratio and temperature distribution in cylinder. Since the variation trend of the parameters were basically same under different working conditions, taking the B50 working condition as an example, the change causes and rules of energy flow, exergy flow and its loss in combustion process were analyzed from distribution of flow velocity, equivalent ratio and temperature distribution. The results indicated that, Firstly, the change of energy and exergy flow mainly occured in combustion process, the degree of change in other processes was not obvious. Second, parameters such as heat transfer exergy, accumulation burn fuel exergy, exhaust loss energy, CA90, exergy efficiency were positively correlated with engine load, the corresponding exergy efficiency were 34.7%, 38.9%, 40.8% at B25, B50, B75 working condition. Third, the proportion of internal exergy loss and heat transfer exergy to fuel exergy were negative correlated with engine load, the former were 31.3%, 29.9%, 28.3% at B25, B50, B75 working condition respectively, the thermal efficiency of diesel engine could be effectively improved by avoiding running at the low load, with the increasing of speed, the proportions of cumulative heat transfer and internal exergy losses to fuel exergy slightly increasing, while the proportions of exhaust exergy to fuel exergy increased more. Fourth, in the middle of the combustion process, the superposition of the flow motion and the high temperature zone near the cylinder wall aggravated the heat transfer loss. Fifth, the theoretical equivalent ratio region mostly concentrated in the medium velocity zone, the nonuniform distribution of fuel and air, rapid fuel oxidation rate contribute to a greater exergy loss rate caused by diffusion and oxidation, the theoretical equivalent ratio was closer to the cylinder wall caused the greater heat transfer loss, at B50 working condition, the maximum heat transfer ratio was about 11 J/°CA after top dead center 15 °CA when there was the maximum contact area between combustion chamber wall and in-cylinder gas. Sixth, the volume size of high and low temperature region and the temperature rise of low temperature region determined the exergy loss rate resulted from temperature difference in cylinder, the volume fraction of the low temperature region at the late stage of combustion process was about 15% at B50 working condition, the exergy loss caused by temperature difference was larger than other time. In the combustion process of a turbocharged diesel engine, the volume of high and low temperatures region in cylinder was closer, the slower the temperature raising in the low temperature region were, the greater the loss rate was caused by the heat transfer in the cylinder. Finally, the flow velocity distribution, homogeneity of equivalent ratio distribution, high and low temperature region volume and temperature raising in cylinder had certain effects on the internal exergy loss rate. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Diesel engines

Controlled terms: Air  -  Combustion chambers  -  Engine cylinders  -  Exergy  -  Flow velocity  -  Fuels  -  Heat transfer  -  Internal oxidation  -  Mixing  -  Temperature distribution   -  Thermodynamics  -  Velocity  -  Velocity distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Combustion chamber walls  -  Combustion pro-cess  -  Diffusion and oxidation  -  Energy flow  -  Exergy flow  -  Non-uniform distribution  -  Theoretical calculations  -  Turbocharged diesel engine

Classification code: 612.1.1 Internal Combustion Engine Components  -  612.2 Diesel Engines  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  654.2 Rocket Engines  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 2.83e+01%, Percentage 2.99e+01%, Percentage 3.13e+01%, Percentage 3.47e+01%, Percentage 3.89e+01%, Percentage 4.08e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Frost heave performance of U-shaped canal concrete lining based on centrifuge model test

Accession number: 20191906870437

Title of translation: U

Authors: Tang, Shaorong (1, 2, 3); Wang, Hongyu (1, 2, 3); Pan, Xin (1, 2, 3); Gu, Xingwen (4); Ren, Guofeng (4)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Ningxia Research Center of Technology on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (3) Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture on Arid Regions, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (4) Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing; 210029, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 157-163

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Small U-shaped canal concrete lining are easily destroyed because of frost heaving in seasonally frozen areas. Along the longitudinal and horizontal direction of concrete lining, rigid joints are formed of cement-sand mortar or fine aggregate concrete with same width as plate thickness. These joints exist between the plates or every two spans of lining. Previous research has founded that the destruction of concrete lining is always related to the rigid joints, because of the distinction between rigid joint and concrete lining on material and construction sequence, resulting in uneven distribution of water temperature along the canal longitudinal at the same time. So, canceled the rigid joint paralleling to the longitudinal channel, reduced the rigid joint paralleling to the cross section and enlarged the span of lining, eventually formed lining structure which with excellent performance in either longitudinal or horizontal direction. Aiming at controling the frost heave damage of the lining structure while still able to make full use of the U-shaped structure for compression performance, an integral long-span U-shaped concrete lining structure was proposed based on traditional small U-shaped concrete lining. Because centrifugal model test can reproduce the performance of the prototype in the model with great reality, freezing centrifugal model experiment of proposed lining was carried out to researchthe frost heaving characteristics. This study took a silty sandy soil based bucket canal concrete lining as a prototype in Yellow River irrigation area in Ningxia. According to the section size of the prototype canal and the space of the model box of geotechnical centrifugel, a model lining was made withthe similarity scale of 12.5 to perform centrifuge model test. The centrifugal acceleration was set to 12.5 times the acceleration of gravity, and model lining was unidirectional freezing from top to bottom with the target boundary temperature of -35 °C. Experiment showed that soil temperature decreased greatly in the early freezing stage, and decreased faster on both sides of canal slope than canal bottom. The integral long-span U-shaped concrete lining structure was eccentrically loaded, with upper surface of top slope in tension and the upper surface of bottom lining in pressure. Deformation of the structure began with canal slope. With the decrease of soil temperature of canal bottom, the integral deformation were caused, and then the lining bottom of canal was raised sharply. Comprehensively, the structure had good deformation performance, and no obvious damage occurred under continuous negative temperature. The structure was mainly uplifted upward, and meanwhile contracted to the lining center along the normal direction. The maximum uplift of canal bottom and canal slope could reach 16 and 4 mm respectively. The canal slope retracted about 5 mm inward. Therefore, integral long-span U-shaped concrete lining structure had good frost heaving resistance and the frost heaving damage could be reduced to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the frozen effect research of canal lining structure using centrifugal model experiment could be further understood and verified. This study could provide a reference for the design of U-shaped canal in frozen soil area. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Structural design

Controlled terms: Canal linings  -  Canals  -  Centrifugation  -  Centrifuges  -  Concrete testing  -  Concretes  -  Deformation  -  Freezing  -  Frozen soils  -  Hydraulic structures   -  Linings  -  Plates (structural components)  -  Sand  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Centrifugal acceleration  -  Centrifugal model tests  -  Centrifugal modeling  -  Centrifuge model test  -  Compression performance  -  Distribution of water  -  Frozen  -  U-shaped

Classification code: 407.2 Waterways  -  408.1 Structural Design, General  -  408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  412 Concrete  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Size 1.60e-02m, Size 4.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m, Temperature 2.38e+02K

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Effect of dissolved oxygen and agitation rate on microaerated hydrolysis of silage corn straw

Accession number: 20191906870444

Title of translation:

Authors: Huang, Kaiming (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Feng, Jing (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Luo, Juan (1); Wei, Shimeng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 213-219

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Corn straw belongs to lignocellulose biomass, and its cell walls are interwoven by cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin can’t be degraded under anaerobic conditions, which hinders the contact of extracellular enzymes with cellulose and hemicellulose. The degradation of lignin is an aerobic reaction. Microporous aerator is the main equipment for microbial micro-aeration hydrolysis process. In this process, the air supplied by air compressor is sent to the micro-porous aerator distributed at the bottom of the aeration tank through the pipeline system at the bottom of the aeration tank. The compressed air is blocked by micro-holes on the diaphragm of the micro-porous aerator to form micro-bubbles with a diameter of less than 3 mm. The micro-bubbles are distributed and diffused into the water of the micro-aeration hydrolysis pretreatment tank to fully contact with the hydrolysate so as to effectively dissolve oxygen. To meet the needs of microbial metabolism and biochemical degradation in the hydrolysate of water supply, the purpose of pretreatment of corn straw is achieved. In the presence of molecular oxygen, lignin can be degraded by aerobic hydrolysis microorganisms. Therefore, the aerobic hydrolysis of straw in the anaerobic fermentation of straw is conducive to improve the biodegradability of straw. In this study, a wet micro-aerated hydrolysis pretreatment process with continuous feed-in and feed-out was used to treat corn straw. By controlling the water content of the aerobic hydrolysis fermentation system, the fermentation reactants can be fluidized by the pretreatment with micro-aeration hydrolysis. Stirring can promote heat and mass transfer, the extracellular hydrolase produced by microorganisms can be fully contacted with corn straw, and the occurrence of local over-degradation can be effectively prevented. In this process, by controlling temperature, microbial metabolism in micro-aeration hydrolysis, the pretreatment can be ensured to have high activity, so that the hydrolysis pretreatment reaction can run steadily. In a reactor with effective volume of 30 L, silage corn straw, hydrolysate and tap water with length of 2-3 cm and shredded and kneaded silk were mixed. The hydrolysate was added according to the volume ratio of 10%. The optimum design was carried out with the dissolved oxygen content(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mg/L) of the hydrolysate and the agitation rate (50, 100 r/min) as the changing factors, and the temperature was controlled at 35-38 and total solid (TS) was 5%. The test was carried out according to 30% of the daily feed and output, and the hydraulic residence time of the material was 3.3 days. It was found that the pH value and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) values tended to be stable after 8 days operation. Under the conditions of agitation rate of 50 r/min, dissolved oxygen of 1-4 mg/L and agitation rate of 100 r/min, dissolved oxygen of 1-2 mg/L, the accumulation of fatty acids was significant with the increase of aeration rate. Stirring and aeration can promote the accumulation of acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid. When the stirring rate was 100 r/min, the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) was higher than that when the agitation rate was 50 r/min. Taking cellulose degradation as an example, when the agitation rate was 100 r/min and dissolved oxygen was 2 mg/L, lignocellulose had a high degradation rate of 48%. Continue to increase dissolved oxygen to 6 mg/L, although the degradation rate of lignocellulose still slightly increased, but the increase was small. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Dissolved oxygen

Controlled terms: Biochemical oxygen demand  -  Biodegradability  -  Biodegradation  -  Butyric acid  -  Cellulose  -  Compressed air  -  Degradation  -  Dissolution  -  Enzymes  -  Fatty acids   -  Fermentation  -  Fluidization  -  Gas compressors  -  Hydraulic machinery  -  Hydrolysis  -  Lignin  -  Mass transfer  -  Metabolism  -  Microorganisms  -  Molecular oxygen   -  Oxygen  -  pH  -  Process control  -  Propionic acid  -  Redox reactions  -  Sewage tanks  -  Straw  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Cellulose and hemicellulose  -  Degradation characteristics  -  Dissolved oxygen contents  -  Hydraulic residence time  -  Oxidation reduction potential  -  Preprocessing  -  Silage corn  -  Soluble chemical oxygen demands

Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  452.2 Sewage Treatment  -  461.9 Biology  -  618.1 Compressors  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  641.3 Mass Transfer  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.19e-02yr, Age 9.04e-03yr, Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3 to 2.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3 to 4.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+01RPM, Size 2.00e-02m to 3.00e-02m, Size 3.00e-03m, Volume 3.00e-02m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Design of water surface evaporation on-line detection device of pulse type evaporator

Accession number: 20191906870431

Title of translation:

Authors: Cao, Chunhao (1); Yang, Qiliang (1); Li, Jianian (1); Liu, Xiaogang (1); Yu, Liming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650500, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Qiliang(yangqilianglovena@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 106-113

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In this research, a new water surface evaporation on-line detection device of pulse type evaporator was designed. The device was mainly composed of a whole structure stabilization device, a sensor position fixing device, a sensor position adjustment device, an Arduino Uno development board, a water level sensor, an A4988 drive board, a power module, upper computer control calculation and display storage software, Internet of Things server and data transmission module. The whole structure stabilization device was composed of a device base, a supporting rod fixed base and a supporting rod. The sensor position fixing device was composed of a motor fixed rod, a guide rail fixed pole and a probe fixed rod. The sensor position adjustment device was composed of a water level sensor, a coupler, a leading screw, a screw nut, a stepping motor, and a limit switch. The water level sensor was installed on the probe fixed rod. The limit switch was installed under the pole of the guide rail. The water level sensor could provide analog level signal and input to the interface of Arduino Uno. The 42BYGH48 stepping motor was driven by a A4988 drive board, and the drive board was supplied with pulse by Arduino Uno development board. The main interface of the upper computer was designed by Xcode software. The main functions of the mobile terminal software were to display device ID, send measurement instructions to the pulse type on-line detection device for evaporator evaporation and control its detection operation. After a detection operation was completed, it could receive message from the Internet of Things server and view the measured water level in real time; The water level value and irrigation interval parameters were calculated dynamically according to the water level value and irrigation interval parameters. The measured value of each water level were stored in the Internet of Things server. The historical measurement and its corresponding measurement time and trend map were displayed on the mobile app. The data could be viewed and analyzed at any time. In order to evaluate the accuracy and stability of the device. A total of 3 tests were carried out for each water level. The infrared optical sensor detected the change of the level of the sensor probe after the probe touched the water surface, and then calculate the water surface evaporation. Based on this sensor, the online detection of water surface evaporation was realized. The performance of the device was tested by the water surface height test of tap water. The results showed that: 1) the success rate of the water level sensor returning to the initial position was 100% in the 39 tests for the 13 water level levels. During the 39 tests, the success rate of the singlechip microcomputer development board receiving the detection instruction was 100%, indicating that the device runs reliably; 2) in the 39 tests, the maximum range of the number of pulses measured by 3 times at the same level was 3, indicating that the device runs stably; 3) The maximum relative error between water level measured by the device and the artificial method was 2.04%, indicating that the device has high detection accuracy; 4) The results of field tests showed that the device had good adaptability and good performance. The minimum relative error was 0.85% and the maximum relative error was 2.68%. The device can be used as an online detection platform for evaporator evaporation. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Display devices

Controlled terms: Computer software  -  Digital storage  -  Errors  -  Evaporation  -  Evaporators  -  Internet of things  -  Irrigation  -  Poles  -  Probes  -  Screws   -  Sensors  -  Stabilization  -  Stepping motors  -  Testing  -  Water levels

Uncontrolled terms: Historical measurements  -  Intelligent detection  -  Maximum relative errors  -  Mobile terminal software  -  On-line detection  -  Pulse type  -  Single chip microcomputers  -  Structure stabilization

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  705.3 Electric Motors  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  722.2 Computer Peripheral Equipment  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.04e+00%, Percentage 2.68e+00%, Percentage 8.50e-01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Structural design and optimization of seed separated plate of wheat wide-boundary sowing device

Accession number: 20191906870419

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhu, Qingzhen (1, 2); Wu, Guangwei (1); Chen, Liping (2, 3); Zhao, Chunjiang (1, 2); Meng, Zhijun (3); Shi, Jiangtao (4)

Author affiliation: (1) Beijing Agricultural Information Technology Research Center, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (4) Xi’an Yaao Agricultural Machinery Co. Ltd., Xi’an; 710300, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Guangwei(wugw@nercita.org.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 1-11

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China. It has a great significance to ensure its sustained high and stable yield for maintenance food security in China. Studies have shown that the traditional wheat drill sowing technology is not suitable for the requirement of high and stable yield due to the bareness between rows, the insufficient utilization of land resources, the crowding between rows and plants, and the competing for water and fertilizer. Wide-boundary sowing was a new planting type of wheat, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of light, heat, water, fertilizer and land, it is meaningful to develop mechanized wide-boundary sowing technology. Wide-boundary sowing device is a core component of the technology. Structure and parameters optimization of wide-boundary sowing device were studyed based on the discrete element simulation technology, soil tank test and orthogonal test in this paper. The mathematical structure model of seed separated plate was established, spherical radius, installation angle and span were 3 key structural parameters of mathematical structure model. The discrete element simulation platform for wide-boundary sowing device, which mainly consists of particle factory, seed tube, cover plate for protect seed, side plate for support, seed separated plate and seedbed was set up. Taking the coefficient variation of wheat transverse uniformity as evaluation index, the influence of 3 key structural parameters on the performance of wide-boundary sowing device was analyzed, and the structure of seed separated plate was optimized according to the simulation results. The results of single factor simulation test showed that wide-boundary sowing device had relatively small coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity when spherical radius, installation angle and span at 130-150 mm, 30°-40° and 80°-100° respectively. According to the results of single factor experiment, the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination simulation experiments were conducted, and the regression equations of 3 key structural parameters and coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity were established. The orthogonal results showed that the main and secondary factors affecting coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity were installation angle, spherical radius, span, interaction between installation angle and span, and there was a certain interaction between installation angle and span. When spherical radius, installation angle and span were 141.26 mm, 35.53° and 90.72° respectively, coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity was minimum. in this case, the coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity of theoretical calculation value and simulation test value were 10.58% and 9.21%, respectively, and the deviation was only 1.37%, the regression model was accurate and credible. In order to validate the regression model established by simulation test and the optimization effect of structure parameters, a bench test of wide-boundary sowing device with the structure parameters optimization combination of seed separated plate was carried out. The results showed that the average coefficient variation of wheat lateral uniformity was 13.40%, and the deviation with simulation experiment results was 4.19%, which less than 5%, and considering there may be some errors in the bench test, so it was believed that the results of bench test was basically consistent with simulation test. This paper proved that the discrete element method was feasible to optimize the structural parameters of seed separated plate, the research results could provide references for optimizing the structural parameters of seed separated plate of wide-boundary sowing device and improving the performance of the wide-boundary sowing. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Plates (structural components)

Controlled terms: Fertilizers  -  Finite difference method  -  Food supply  -  Machinery  -  Mathematical models  -  Mechanization  -  Regression analysis  -  Separation  -  Shape optimization  -  Simulation platform   -  Spheres  -  Structural design  -  Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Discrete element simulation  -  Parameters optimization  -  Quadratic orthogonal rotation  -  Simulation  -  Single-factor experiments  -  Theoretical calculations  -  Wheat sowing  -  Wide-boundary sowing

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  822.3 Food Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 1.37e+00%, Percentage 4.19e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 9.21e+00%, Size 1.30e-01m to 1.50e-01m, Size 1.41e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Tree crown volume measurement method based on oblique aerial images of UAV

Accession number: 20191906870429

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Donghai (1, 2); Feng, Zhongke (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) Emergency Mapping Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) Precision Forestry Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Feng, Zhongke(fengzhongke@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 90-97

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Tree crown volume is an important basis for monitoring tree growth and estimating tree biomass. Accurate measurement of tree crown volume has always been a difficult issue in forest measurement research. Traditional method of estimating tree crown volume is to bring crown breadth and tree height measurements to inherent empirical models, but it’s faced with problems such as rough operation mode and no precision guarantee of measurement results. In recent years, the emergence of the modern equipments and technologies lay the foundation to achieve high precision tree crown volume measurements. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) oblique aerial photography technology with high-resolution images changes traditional measurement ways, which can use oblique aerial images to generate point cloud data and extract different types of tree geometry parameters by point cloud information. In this paper, a consumer-level multi-rotor UAV named DJI Inspire-1 was used as data acquisition platform, which was equipped with RGB band of ordinary digital camera named Zenmuse-X3. In the Beijing Jiufeng Forest Farm, comprehensively considering the flight operating conditions of the UAV and tree size specifications, we selected eight target trees with different types and sizes. Using the UAV in the manner of spiral flying, we obtained multi-angle oblique aerial images of these target trees. During operation, the main remote controllor controlled the flight status of the UAV and the auxiliary remote controllor controlled the status of the camera haeundae. These two were operated at the same time to collect the oblique aerial images. The following points were the schemes for collecting UAV data: a) In the case of ensuring a safe distance, taking the trunk of the target tree as the center for low-speed flight photography. b) Adjusting the camera pose in real-time during the hovering process so that making sure obtain images of the target tree at different positions and angles. c) Ensuring the overlapping rate of adjacent images collected at the same height exceeded 90%, and the overlapping rate of images collected at different height exceeded 60%. The acquired images were processed through the principle of aerial triangulation for generating three-dimensional point cloud models of target trees. Based on three-dimensional point cloud models, the research segmented the tree crown point cloud by contour lines method and determined the optimal segment number of tree crown point cloud. To extract tree measurement factors, projection method was used to reduce the dimension of the point cloud data. And the measured values of tree height and the arbitrary cross-sectional area of tree crown were calculated by using the key points. According to the established algorithm, the measured volume of the entire tree crown was calculated by accumulating the volume of each rule body after segmentation. Taking actual values by total station as reference, the accuracy of the tree height and tree crown volume measurement results was examined. The results showed that it was a feasible and effective method that the oblique aerial images of UAV were used to establish the three-dimensional point cloud models of single trees and to calculate the tree crown volume. In addition, the average relative error of tree height and tree crown volume of eight target trees was 2.88% and 9.42%, respectively. The accuracy met the standard for tree height and tree crown volume measurement resulted in forestry surveys. In conclusion, three-dimensional point cloud models generated by oblique aerial images of multi-rotor UAV can realize the extraction of measurement factors of single trees, which could be applied to the investigation and protection of ancient and famous trees. This method provides a new approach for the extraction of single trees geometry parameters. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Forestry

Controlled terms: Aerial photography  -  Antennas  -  Cloud computing  -  Data acquisition  -  Data mining  -  Extraction  -  Image processing  -  Remote control  -  Timber  -  Titration   -  Triangulation  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  -  Volume measurement

Uncontrolled terms: Average relative error  -  High resolution image  -  Parameters extraction  -  Point cloud data  -  Precision guarantees  -  Three-dimensional point clouds  -  Tree crowns  -  Tree height measurements

Classification code: 405.3 Surveying  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  722.4 Digital Computers and Systems  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  742.1 Photography  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.88e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Study on relationship between soil salinization and groundwater table depth based on indicator Kriging

Accession number: 20191906870433

Title of translation: Kriging

Authors: Xu, Ying (1); Ge, Zhou (1); Wang, Juan (1); Li, Wei (2); Feng, Shaoyuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Hydraulic, Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225009, China; (2) Zhenjiang Engineering Survey and Design Institute, Zhenjiang; 212003, China

Corresponding author: Feng, Shaoyuan(syfeng@yzu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 123-130

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Soil salinization is the most important land degradation processes in many arid and semi-arid areas with shallow groundwater table depth. Preventing and controlling soil salinization is an important guarantee of the sustainable development of agricultural and ecological environment. Due to an arid and semi-arid continental climate with low rainfall, high evaporation and shallow groundwater table, the Hetao irrigation district (HID), located along the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, is a typical secondary salinized area in the north of China. In order to understand the relationship between soil salinization and groundwater table at district scale, the Jiefangzha sub-district, the second largest sub-district in HID, was selected as the study area. A total 53 groundwater observation wells and 41 soil salinity monitoring sites were installed in the sub-district. The depth of groundwater level was measured at the ends of March and April in 2012, and the soil salt content was measured at the depths of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-0.6 m of soil salinity monitoring sites at the end of April in 2012. The probability maps of the critical groundwater table depth and the soil salinity were generated by the indicator Kriging technique with low salinity threshold (2 g/kg), moderate salinity threshold (3 g/kg), and 4 groundwater table depth thresholds of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 m. Spatial distributions of the soil salinity probability for each of the thresholds were compared with each of groundwater table depth thresholds, and the relationship between soil salinity and groundwater table depth were evaluated on the basis at the district scale. The results showed as following: 1) Surface soil salinity and groundwater table depth exhibited moderate spatial variability and moderate spatial dependence. The spherical model was the best-fitted model for the indicator semivariograms of soil salt and groundwater depth with different thresholds. 2) The spatial distribution of moderate salinization risk was greatly similar to that of the probability of groundwater depth less than 2.0 m, and the spatial distribution of low salinization risk was greatly similar to that of the probability of groundwater depth less than 2.5 m. Especially, the high salinization risk areas were usually corresponding to that of the high probability areas with groundwater depth less than the critical depth of 2.0 or 2.5 m. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of the probability of groundwater depth less than 2.0 m was greatly similar to the spatial distributions of soil salinization types based on remote sensing inversion at the end of April in 2001, 2006 and 2012. These indicated that the critical depths of groundwater at the district scale were 2.0 and 2.5 m when the low and moderate salinization occurred on the surface soil in the Jiefangzha sub-district at the end of April, respectively. In the sub-district, the high probability area that the groundwater depth did not exceed the critical values gradually decreased from 2001 to 2012. These soils were mainly located in the area of east central and south west of the sub-district, and were corresponding to the soil of the high salinization risk area. 3) Compared with the probability map of groundwater table depth at the end of April, that at the end of March had higher degree of similarity with the spatial distribution of salinization risk of surface soil, which indicated that there was a certain lag effect of the groundwater table depth on soil salinization, and the low or moderate salinization risk would increase when the groundwater depth was less than the critical depth and maintained for a period of time. These results could be useful for the administrator to control groundwater table depth and prevent soil salinization at the district scale. The article also provides a reference for studying causes and regulation of secondary soil salinization at the district scale. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Soil surveys

Controlled terms: Groundwater  -  Groundwater resources  -  Interpolation  -  Irrigation  -  Models  -  Probability distributions  -  Remote sensing  -  Risks  -  Soils  -  Spatial distribution   -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Arid and semi-arid areas  -  Ecological environments  -  Groundwater table depth  -  Hetao irrigation districts  -  Indicator kriging  -  Jiefangzha irrigation sub-district  -  Salinization  -  Shallow groundwater tables

Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.1 Probability Theory

Numerical data indexing: Size 2.00e+00m, Size 2.50e+00m, Size 3.00e+00m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Three-dimensional imaging of morphological changes of potato slices during drying

Accession number: 20191906870452

Title of translation:

Authors: Cai, Jianrong (1); Lu, Yue (1); Bai, Junwen (1); Sun, Li (1); Xiao, Hongwei (2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 278-284

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Drying is an important method for agricultural products processing. It can reduce the moisture content of agricultural products to a certain extent and extend the shelf life. But irregular deformation resulting from drying process will cause inconvenience for subsequent processing. In order to study the regularity of deformation during the drying process of potato slices, we built an image acquisition platform based on the Kinect sensor. Firstly, we verified the accuracy of the depth detection of the Kinect image acquisition platform by cubes with 5, 8, and 10 mm sides. The results showed that the accuracy can reach 2 mm. Secondly, we selected potato as the research object and dried them using a tunnel hot air dryer. Controlled potato slice thickness was 1 mm, drying room humidity was 15%, hot wind speed was 3 m/s to study the deformation regularity of potato slice at different temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80). After the drying process began, the potato slices were taken out of the drying chamber and put on the Kinect image acquisition platform to acquire depth and color images, then weighed every 10 minutes. We used the Kinect SDK function to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between color images and depth images. According to the position of the material in the color image, the region where the potato slices were located of interest was established, and the potato slices were located at the same coordinate position in the depth image. Gray value stretching, threshold segmentation, and edge denoising were performed on the corresponding region of depth images. Then feature extraction was used to distinguish every potato slice and calculate its shrinkage rate, mean depth values and standard deviation. The mean depth value can reflect the curling of the potato slices during the drying process. The shrinkage rate could reflect the shrinkage characteristics of the potato slices in the drying process. And the standard deviation of the depth value could reflect the surface flatness of potato slices in drying process. Then we drew the curve of dry basis moisture content and the three parameters under different temperature conditions, which could be more directly to observe the effect of temperature on the deformation of potato slices during drying. The results showed that temperature had a significant effect on the shrinkage, surface curl, and surface flatness of the potato slices in the drying process (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Drying

Controlled terms: Agricultural products  -  Color  -  Deformation  -  Humidity control  -  Image acquisition  -  Image processing  -  Image segmentation  -  MATLAB  -  Moisture determination  -  Process control   -  Sensors  -  Shrinkage  -  Statistics  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Deformation regularities  -  Effect of temperature  -  Potato slices  -  Shrinkage characteristic  -  Temperature conditions  -  Three dimensional imaging  -  Three-dimensional graphics  -  Threshold segmentation

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01%, Percentage 6.45e+01%, Size 1.00e-02m, Size 1.00e-03m, Size 1.89e-02m, Size 2.00e-03m, Size 2.78e-02m, Size 5.71e-03m, Size 7.99e-03m, Time 6.00e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Hydro-mechanical compound transmission constant rotational speed output control method under step input based on double feedforward and fuzzy PID

Accession number: 20191906870427

Title of translation: PID

Authors: Cao, Fuyi (1); Li, Haodi (1); Yan, Xianghai (1); Xu, Liyou (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Vehicle and Traffic Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang; 471003, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 72-82

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Hydro-mechanical compound transmission has the advantages of good hydraulic stepless speed regulation performance and high efficiency of mechanical transmission, which can achieve the optimal matching of transmission system load and power source, and has been widely used in agricultural vehicles, engineering machinery and military vehicles. Domestic and foreign scholars have studied the speed control method of pump-motor pure hydraulic transmission system, the application and basic characteristics of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system, but the research on the control method of variable speed input-constant speed output of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system is relatively little. In this paper, a double feedforward and fuzzy PID speed control method based on hydraulic subsystem, mechanical subsystem hydro-mechanical compound transmission system was proposed. The speed compound control method was used to solve the problems that the output speed of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system was poor at the variable speed input and was difficult to control. According to the requirements of the output speed stability control of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system, the displacement compensation amount Δγ of the variable motor was calculated by the sum of the feedforward compensation amounts of the mechanical subsystem and the hydraulic subsystem: the feedforward compensation amounts was converted by the planetary gear of the mechanical subsystem planetary speed coupling device to the variable speed compensation amount Δnm_S of the variable motor through the planet carrier, and the corresponding compensation amount of the swash plate angle Δγm_S, the feedforward compensation amounts of the hydraulic subsystem was the variable caused by the hydraulic subsystem quantitative pump speed disturbance. The variable motor speed compensation amount Δnm_p was corresponding to the displacement angle compensation amount Δγm_p. Under different speed compensation paths, the stability of the system output speed was adjusted by the displacement adjustment of the variable motor. The simulation of the dual feedforward and fuzzy PID speed control method was carried out by AMEsim and MATLAB software, and hydro-mechanical compound transmission system test bench was built. The initial PID parameters, kp = 1.0, ki =0.1 and kd =0, of the system PID were determined through the simulation and experiments, the system input speed was maintained at 1 000 r/min by adjusting the initial swing angle of the variable motor displacement at the initial input speed of the system of 500, 600 and 700 r/min. Applying step signals of 500→530, 600→630 and 700→730 r/min to initial input speed respectivly, and traditional PID speed control method and double feedforward and fuzzy PID speed control method were used to control the system output speed, the results showed that compared with the traditional PID speed control method, the system output speed stability and adjustment speed of the double feedforward and fuzzy PID speed control method were greatly improved, and the average amount was reduced by 39.8%, the stable adjustment time was shortened by an average of 35.53%, and the average steady-state error of the system output speed was between ±0.7%, and the variable motor displacement compensation and output speed fluctuation amplitude were greatly reduced, the maximum compensation amount was also slightly increased, and the sensitivity of the system control was obtained, meeting the requirements for output speed stability control. The double feedforward and fuzzy PID speed control method proposed in this paper had the effect of suppressing the output fluctuation caused by the input disturbance of hydro-mechanical compound transmission system, the control effect was obvious, and the applicability under the complicated working conditions was enhanced. Hydro-mechanical compound transmission system provides a reference for the design and application of agricultural machinery. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Control system stability

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Electric power transmission  -  Error compensation  -  Hydraulic machinery  -  Machine design  -  MATLAB  -  Military vehicles  -  Software testing  -  Speed  -  Speed control   -  Speed regulators  -  Stability  -  Transmissions  -  Vehicle transmissions

Uncontrolled terms: Compound control method  -  Constant rotational speed  -  Displacement compensation  -  Feed-forward compensation  -  Fuzzy-PID  -  Hydraulic mechanicals  -  Mechanical transmission  -  Rotational speed control

Classification code: 404.1 Military Engineering  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  602.2 Mechanical Transmissions  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  731.4 System Stability  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.55e+01%, Percentage 3.98e+01%, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+03RPM, Rotational_Speed 6.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 7.00e+02RPM

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Effect of temperature and CO2 ratio of stripping biogas on biogas slurry stripping of ammonia

Accession number: 20191906870443

Title of translation: CO2

Authors: Ai, Ping (1, 2); Peng, Jingjing (1); Xi, Jiang (2); Zhang, Xiuzhi (1); Tang, Wei (1); Zhang, Rufeng (1); Mei, Zili (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu; 610041, China

Corresponding author: Mei, Zili(13880233242@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 206-212

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Ammonia stripping is an effective treatment technology for recovery of nitrogen from the anaerobic digestate (biogas slurry). Biogas stripping of ammonia from anaerobic digestate can realize biogas purification and ammonia removal coupling through recycled of biogas, which is a new research direction of ammonia stripping. However, the main difficulty is that the ammonia stripping performance is negatively correlated to the CO2 ratio in the stripping gas. In this study, the effect of temperature (70, 80, 90) and the ratio of CO2 (10%, 20%, 40%) in biogas on the removal efficiency of ammonia were studied. The ammonia removal rate (η) and kinetics constant (k) were adopted to evaluate the ammonia removal performance. The results indicated that the ammonia removal rate from the biogas slurry were 96.81%, 98.65%, 99.28%, respectively at 70, 80 and 90when the ratio of CO2 in the stripping gas was 10%, and ammonia concentration was lower than 60 mg/L after biogas slurry stripping. The ammonia removal rates were 72.81%, 84.00% and 88.39%, respectively at 70, 80 and 90 when the ratio of CO2 in stripping gas was 20%. While CO2 ratio in stripping gas reached 40%, the ammonia removal rate were 62.94%, 75.23% and 83.29%, respectively at different stripping temperatures. As the temperature of stripping gas increase, the ammonia nitrogen rate increased, however as the ratio of CO2 in the stripping gas increase, the ammonia removal rate decreased. Increase of temperature is beneficial to reduce inhibitory effect of CO2 on ammonia removal efficiency in biogas. And the ammonia removal rate of biogas slurry reached 90% within 40 min at 90 while the maximum removal rate of ammonia were close to 2 h and 3 h at 80 and 70, respectively. Ammonia stripping can raised pH value to above 8.6 relying on the removal of acidic substances in the biogas slurry by mixed gas of CH4 and CO2. Theoretical maximum ammonia removal rate in biogas slurry can be calculated according to the maximum pH value in biogas slurry during the ammonia stripping process. And the result showed that when the temperature was 90, even the ratio of CO2 in the stripping gas was 40%, and the removal time can be extended to make the ammonia removal rate in the biogas slurry reach 92.15%. At 80 and 70, when ratio of CO2 in stripping gas was 10%, the maximum ammonia removal rate can reach 90% by extending stripping time. The calculation result of kinetic constant k indicates when the CO2 ratio was 40%, the k value of the ammonia removal reaction of the biogas slurry at different temperatures was more than 0.075 h-1. The water quality analysis showed that the COD removal rate reached 23.53%-43.2%, a total phosphorus removal rate reached 15.85%-32.97%, and a turbidity removal rate reached 20.79%-29.74%. The results provide a reference for the use of biogas on biogas slurry stripping of ammonia. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Stripping (removal)

Controlled terms: Ammonia  -  Biogas  -  Carbon dioxide  -  Efficiency  -  Gases  -  Nitrogen  -  Nitrogen removal  -  pH  -  Quality control  -  Rate constants   -  Temperature  -  Water quality

Uncontrolled terms: Ammonia concentrations  -  Ammonia stripping  -  Biogas slurry  -  CO2 loading  -  Effect of temperature  -  pH value  -  Treatment technologies  -  Water quality analysis

Classification code: 445.2 Water Analysis  -  522 Gas Fuels  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  801.1 Chemistry, General  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Density 6.00e-02kg/m3, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01% to 3.30e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.08e+01% to 2.97e+01%, Percentage 2.35e+01% to 4.32e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 6.29e+01%, Percentage 7.28e+01%, Percentage 7.52e+01%, Percentage 8.33e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.84e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Percentage 9.87e+01%, Percentage 9.93e+01%, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 2.40e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Moisture content dectection in silage maize raw material based on hyperspectrum and improved discrete particle swarm

Accession number: 20191906870453

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Jue (1, 2); Tian, Haiqing (1); Zhao, Zhiyu (1); Zhang, Lina (2); Zhang, Jing (1); Li, Fei (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010018, China; (2) College of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot; 010020, China; (3) College of Grassland, Resources and Environment Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot; 010019, China

Corresponding author: Tian, Haiqing(hqtian@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 285-293

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Moisture content of silage maize raw material affects juice discharge, compaction degree and microbial activity during the whole silage process, and it has further influence on silage fermentation quality. Rapid, non-destructive and accurate detection of moisture content in silage maize raw material is significant for ensuring the silage maize quality and promoting the silage industry healthy and rapidly. Hyperspectral images of silage maize raw material in the visible and near infrared (383-1 004 nm) regions were acquired by the hyperspectral imaging system, and then corresponding moisture content in silage maize raw material were obtained by oven heating method successfully. The hyperspectral information was extracted from the images by selecting the region of interest (ROI) using the ENVI software. The standard normalized variate (SNV) was applied for eliminating or weakening the effect of particle scattering on original hyperspectral data. The hyperspectral imaging provides much more information including spectral and image information for all the samples of silage maize raw material, however, hyperspectral imagery contains more noise and redundancy. These disturbances made it difficult to meet the needs of fast and effective detection of certain objects. Therefore, it was difficult to apply online industrial applications in daily life directly, and the feature band effective selection for hyperspectral images was very critical. In view of the disadvantages as poor efficiency and easy premature, the traditional discrete particle swarm optimization (DBPSO) was optimized in terms of particle updating method and inertia weight. A modified discrete particle swarm optimization (MDBPSO) was proposed to extract the hyperspectral feature bands effectively. The hyperspectral characteristic variables of raw material moisture content were extracted using the correlation coefficient (CC), DBPSO and MDBPSO method. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) prediction model for silage maize moisture content was established by using full band and characteristic band. The results indicated that the convergence accuracy and efficiency of MDBPSO had a significantly improvement compared with the DBPSO method. When the population number was 40 and the program independent test ran 20 times, for DBPSO, the maximum value of optimal fitness (OFVmax), the minimum value of optimal fitness (OFVmin), and the mean value of optimal fitness (OFVave) were 0.761 6, 0.680 4 and 0.731 8 respectively, and the number of iterations corresponding to the OFVmax was 280 times. The OFVmax, OFVmin, and OFVave were 0.812 3, 0.711 2 and 0.752 2 for MDBPSO, respectively, and the number of iterations corresponding to the OFVmax was 79 times. After the improvement of DBPSO method, OFV of the fitness function was increased from 0.761 6 to 0.812 3, the number of iterations was reduced from 280 to 79, and the convergence efficiency was increased by 71.79%. 188 and 62 eigenvectors were extracted by DBPSO and MDBPSO respectively. The characteristic bands selected by the DBPSO method were mainly distributed in 421-520 nm, followed by 571-670 nm and 871-920 nm, and the number of bands was 51, 45 and 15 respectively. The characteristic bands selected by the MDBPSO method were also mainly distributed in the above band, and the number of the wave segments was 15, 11 and 12 respectively. It could be inferred that the sensitive bands of moisture content of silage maize in visible light region are 421-520, 571-670 nm and 871-920 nm in near infrared region. Comparing the performance of the 4 models, the fitting accuracies of TSR-PLSR and CC-PLSR were lower, and the verification set determination coefficients (Rc2) were 0.69 and 0.70 respectively, and the prediction set determination coefficients (Rp2) were 0.67 and 0.64, respectively. The DBPSO-PLSR model was improved significantly, and the Rc2 and Rp2 was 0.76 and 0.76 respectively. The DBPSO-PLSR model performed better than the other 3 model: TSR-PLSR, CC-PLSR and DBPSO-PLSR, achieving the highest accuracy with Rc2 of 0.81, RMSEC of 0.032, Rp2 of 0.80, RMSEP of 0.045. The study demonstrated that the application of hyperspectral image technology to the nondestructive testing of the moisture content of silage maize raw material content had high feasibility, and could provide efficient guidance for rapid detecting instrument development. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Hyperspectral imaging

Controlled terms: Efficiency  -  Elementary particles  -  Fermentation  -  Health  -  Image segmentation  -  Infrared devices  -  Instrument testing  -  Least squares approximations  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination   -  Nondestructive examination  -  Object detection  -  Particle swarm optimization (PSO)  -  Software testing  -  Spectroscopy  -  Spectrum analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Determination coefficients  -  Discrete particle swarm optimization  -  Feature bands  -  Hyper spectra  -  Hyper-spectral characteristics  -  Partial least squares regressions (PLSR)  -  Silage maize  -  The region of interest (ROI)

Classification code: 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.18e+01%, Size 3.83e-07m to 1.00e-06m, Size 4.21e-07m to 5.20e-07m, Size 5.71e-07m to 6.70e-07m, Size 8.71e-07m to 9.20e-07m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Test study on mechanical properties of lunar soil simulant under high compactness condition

Accession number: 20191906870422

Title of translation:

Authors: Huang, Han (1); Wu, Baoguang (2); Xu, Shucai (1); Zou, Meng (2); Li, Jianqiao (2); Zhang, Jinhuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Shucai(xushc@tsinghua.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 31-38

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to analyze the mechanical properties of lunar soil simulant at different densities,3 types of high density lunar soil simulant (JLU5-1, JLU5-2 and JLU5-3, which has been adopted in the Chinese lunar exploration program) was prepared by a self-designed vibrating device, the shearing and penetrating tests of 4 different soil relative density (0.85, 0.9, 0.95 and 0.99) were performed, the influence of relative density on shear strength, cohesion, internal friction angle, cone index and cone index gradient were analyzed. The result showed that the shear strength of 3 lunar soil simulant ranged from 36.6 to 158.4 kPa. The shear strength increased with the increase of relative density, the average change rate was 11.1%, which indicated that the shear capacity was enhanced with the increase of soil relative density. JLU5-3 had the largest shear strength, while the shear strength of JLU5-2 was smallest. The cohesion ranged from 14.9 to 68.0 kPa, which was about 3 to 10 times higher than that of lunar soil simulant JSC-1A and TJ-1. The cohesion increased by 35.8% with the increase of relative density, the average change rate for different lunar soil simulant was 24.7% (JLU5-1), 22.8% (JLU5-2) and 37.5% (JLU5-3), respectively. When the relative density reached 0.9, the cohesion of JLU5-3 was larger than that of JLU5-1 and JLU5-2, and the difference between them increased apparently, which may due to the effect of interface energy and viscidity became more obvious with the decreasing of soil grain size. The internal friction angle ranged from 53.3º to 67.7º, which had no obvious variation trend with the increase of relative density. The internal friction angle of JLU5-2 was always smaller than that of the JLU5-1 and JLU5-3 under different soil relative density conditions. The internal friction angle of JLU5 under high compactness condition was apparently larger than other series lunar soil simulant regolith under natural condition. When penetration depth reached 40 mm in the tests, the cone index of 3 types high-density simulant lunar soil were 129.8 MPa (JLU5-1), 142.9 MPa (JLU5-2) and 175.2 MPa (JLU5-3), respectively. Cone index presented the fluctuations but generally increased with the increase of penetration depth, smaller grain size lead to the increasing of cone index under same testing condition, which was similar to variation trend of cohesion. The cone index of JLU5-3 increased by 13.4% on average compared with that of JLU5-2, and the cone index of JLU5-2 increased on average by 20.5% compared with that of JLU5-1. Cone index gradient was defined as the curve gradient of the cone index versus with penetration depth. When the relative density changed from 0.85 to 0.9 and 0.95 to 0.99, the cone index gradient obviously increased, while there was no significant increase for cone index gradient when relative density changed from 0.9 to 0.95. The average increasing ratio of cone index gradient was 50.6% with the increasing of relative density, greater than that of the cohesion, which indicated that cone index gradient was more sensitive to soil relative density. For different types of lunar soil simulant, JLU5-3 had larger shear strength, cohesion and cone index and cone index gradient than that of JLU5-1 and JLU5-2 under same testing conditions, which may due to JLU5-3 had smaller particle size. Numerical model for penetration characteristic test had been conducted by using discrete element method software (EDEM), simulation results showed that, the simulative value of cone index was always smaller than that of the testing value, however, their variation trend versus with the relative density was consistent. A linear relation model between simulative and testing value was established, the determination coefficient value of the proposed model was 0.87. The simulation method could provide technique method for cone index prediction of lunar soil simulant under high compactness condition. The results of this paper were expected to provide references for drilling sampling mission of lunar soil, optimization design of drilling mechanism, and establishment of mechanical interaction model between drilling component and lunar soil. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Soil testing

Controlled terms: Adhesion  -  Degrees of freedom (mechanics)  -  Density (specific gravity)  -  Elasticity  -  Grain size and shape  -  Infill drilling  -  Internal friction  -  Lunar missions  -  Mechanical properties  -  Numerical methods   -  Particle size  -  Particle size analysis  -  Shear strength  -  Software testing  -  Soil mechanics  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Compactness condition  -  Determination coefficients  -  Different densities  -  Internal friction angle  -  Lunar soil simulant  -  Lunar soil stimulants  -  Mechanical interactions  -  Penetration characteristic

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  511.1 Oil Field Production Operations  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  931.1 Mechanics  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.34e+01%, Percentage 2.05e+01%, Percentage 3.58e+01%, Percentage 5.06e+01%, Pressure 1.49e+04Pa to 6.80e+04Pa, Pressure 3.66e+04Pa to 1.58e+05Pa, Size 4.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Preparation and structure characterization of short glucan chain-curcumin nano-emulsion

Accession number: 20191906870455

Title of translation: -

Authors: Feng, Tao (1); Zeng, Xiaolan (1); Wang, Ke (2); Campanella, Osvaldo (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai; 201418, China; (2) School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi; 214000, China; (3) Biological Engineering and Whistler Carbohydrate Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette; 43845, United States

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 303-309

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of curcumin’s low biological value in food and drug, the helical space structure of the short glucan chains with a short DP (degree of polymerization) was induced to embed the water insolubility curcumin and to enhance its biological value. This article introduced a way how to make short glucan chains and use short glucan chains to encapsulate with curcumin to make inclusion complexes and nano-emulsions. Short glucan chains were obtained by pullanase’s enzymatic hydrolysis, which came out successfully by the verification of XRD (X-ray diffraction) results. The inclusion complexes were made by mixing, but its poor encapsulation efficiency and loading content were about 28.46% and 1.27%, separately. Short glucan chain-curcumin nano-emulsions were produced by emulsification and shearing to improve the embedding rate and drug loading, using the Hi-shear dispersing emulsifier with D-speed shearing solution for 5 min to get SGC-CUR nano-emulsion, and the nano-homogenizer was used to homogenize the sheared emulsion twice under a pressure of 50 MPa to prepare the emulsion. High embedding rate and drug loading were produced by making curcumin-short glucan chain into nano-emulsions, and we got a good result of embedding rate and drug loading: 71.11% and 12.07%, respectively. Popular methods as SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), Zeta etc. were measured to analysis stability, water solubility and structure characterization. Curcumin’s solubility was not only increased by adding emulsifier but also by interaction behaviors between short glucan chains and curcumin, which stop crystal’s growing and kept amorphous state to enhance its solubility. From SEM we knew that the short glucan chain-curcumin had rough surface because of the enzymatic hydrolysis, partially cracked and stuck together, this phenomenon was almost the same with former studies that starch nanoparticles were adhered. As for nano-emulsions’ Zeta potential were below 20 mV which means it has a low stability and has a room to improve, this result was same with the picture showed at the 7th day that the emulsion slowly began to stratify. The nano-emulsion particle size changed from 238.33 to 170.87 nm when fewer emulsifier were added, probably because of more water/oil interface had produced, which supported the formation of smaller droplets. The PDI (particle size distribution index) of nano-emulsions was all less than 0.3, which means the particle size distribution followed a uniform distribution pattern. The process greatly improved the solubility of curcumin, increased the stability of curcumin, and provided a suitable way for the medical field to find better embedding of curcumin wall materials. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Emulsification

Controlled terms: Drug delivery  -  Embeddings  -  Emulsions  -  Enzymatic hydrolysis  -  Light transmission  -  Microstructure  -  Nanocomposites  -  Ostwald ripening  -  Particle size  -  Particle size analysis   -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Shearing  -  Size distribution  -  Solubility  -  Starch  -  Thermogravimetric analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Curcumin  -  Nano-emulsions  -  Pullulanase  -  Short chain glucan  -  Waxy corn starch

Classification code: 604.1 Metal Cutting  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  761 Nanotechnology  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  933 Solid State Physics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 1.27e+00%, Percentage 2.85e+01%, Percentage 7.11e+01%, Size 2.38e-07m to 1.71e-07m, Voltage 2.00e-02V

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Improvement for positioning hook of bolting device reducing bolting force and improving efficiency for garlic bolt

Accession number: 20191906870424

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Chonghua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Henan Agricultural Vocational College, Zhengzhou; 451450, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Chonghua(645320876@qq.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 46-51

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Aiming at low efficiency and low bolting rate, garlic bolt positioning laboriously and time-consuming in bolting process by the traditional garlic bolting device, a kind of garlic bolting device with hook was designed by measuring the stem diameter. The comparative experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of traditional bolting device and bolting device with hook on bolting force, garlic bolt and garlic yield under different time and rainfall conditions. Eight treatments were conducted, in which 2 bolting devices were provided for 4 weather conditions of early morning, morning and afternoon as well as rainfall condition. The traditional garlic bolting device consisted of a handle, a metal rod and a metal nail, and the angle between the metal nail and the metal rod was 90°. The bolting device with hook consisted of 4 parts: handle, metal rod, positioning design and metal hook, with the angle between metal rod and positioning design ranging from 135° to 180°, and the plane formed by the metal rod and positioning design was perpendicular to the plane formed by the positioning design and the sharp metal hook. Garlic bolt was broken by metal nail of the traditional garlic bolting device, through the observing the position of the metal nails to the middle of the garlic stem while pinching the handle with one hand and bolting the garlic bolt with the other hand. While the garlic bolt was broken by the metal hook by placing the metal hook to the middle of the garlic stem using positioning device and hook with one hand, and bolting the bolt with the other hand. The bolt hole pierced by nailwas smaller and much easilyblockedleading the bolting force too large using traditional bolting device, while the hole was larger and not easily blocked, so that the internal and external pressure of the garlic stem was always consistent using bolting device with hook. The hole was done by Lever action using traditional bolting device, while the hole was done directly through bolting force bolting device with hook. By testing various indices and statistical analysis for 8 treatments, the results indicated that the bolting force could be reduced, the stability and bolting efficiency improved using the bolting device with hook, while the garlic yield was not decreased. The best bolting period were in early morning, morning and rainfall weather conditions. The garlic bolt length, the highest bolting rate and the garlic bolt yield could significantly improved under the rainfall condition especially, reaching 47.7 cm, 99.7%, and 5 222.22 kg/hm2 respectively. In a comprehensive way, the best scheme for garlic bolting were in early morning, morning and rainfall conditions using hook bolting method. The conclusion could provide a reference for time and mechanization of bolting. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Hooks

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Bolts  -  Design  -  Efficiency  -  Harvesters  -  Machine design  -  Metals  -  Rain

Uncontrolled terms: Bolting device  -  Comparative experiments  -  External pressures  -  Improving efficiency  -  Positioning devices  -  Rainfall condition  -  Time-periods  -  Yield

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.97e+01%, Size 4.77e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Design and suction performance test of sucking-seed plate combined with groove-tooth structure on high speed precision metering device of rapeseed

Accession number: 20191906870420

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Zhaodong (1, 2); Yang, Wenchao (1); Zhang, Tian (1); Wang, Weiwei (1); Zhang, Shun (1, 2); Chen, Liqing (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230036, China; (2) Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Machinery and Equipment, Hefei; 230036, China

Corresponding author: Chen, Liqing(lqchen@ahau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 12-22

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Rapeseed is an important oil crop in China. High-speed precision direct-seeding technology, which has the advantages of cost saving and efficiency increasing, low lodging risk and suitable for mechanized harvest, is one of the important ways to promote the sustainable development of rapeseed industry. Aiming at the problems that the seeds of the existing pneumatic rape seed metering device are difficult to be separated quickly and sucked accurately from the seed-group during the high-speed working process, which result in leakage suction, and reducing the performance of seed metering, a sucking-seed plate combined with groove-tooth to improve the filling performance of rape high-speed direct seeding was designed in this paper, and the key structures of sucking-seed plate combined with groove-tooth were analysed and determined, the mechanical model of the seed suction for groove-tooth interference was constructed, EDEM numerical simulation was used to analyze the effects of 3 kinds of sucking-seed plates: smooth plate, groove plate and groove-tooth plate on the intensity of directional disturbance for seed-group. Combined with bench test, the optimum selection of seed sucking plate structure was carried out. The test results showed that adding of grooves and disturbing teeth on the traditional smooth plate could significantly increase the disturbance intensity of the seed-group and reduce the seed leakage suction rate. Taking the sum of average kinetic energy as the quantitative index of the seed-group disturbance intensity, the order of the sum of average kinetic energy at the same speed from large to small was: grooved tooth plate, grooved plate and smooth plate. Taking Deyouaizao as the experimental variety, suction performance tests of groove-tooth plate, groove plate and smooth plate were carried out under the work condition that negative pressure of 1.5-2.5 kPa, rotation speed in 10-150 r/min. The test results showed that leakage suction rate and the suction qualification rate of groove-tooth plate were obviously better than those of groove plate and smooth plate. There was no obvious change in the multiple suction rate of groove-tooth plate, groove plate and smooth plate. When rotation speed was greater than 90 r/min, the maximum leakage suction rate of groove-tooth plate was 7.4%, and the minimum leakage suction rate of groove plate was 14.02%, the minimum leakage suction rate of smooth plate was 30.4%, leakage suction rate was reduced by 47.2% compared with groove plate, and leakage suction rate was reduced by 75.7% compared with smooth plate. The performance test of directional disturbance suction showed that with the variety of rapeseed named Deyouaizao and Zhong Shuang 11, under the same work negative pressure, leakage suction rate was increasing, suction qualified rate was decreasing, and multiple suction rate had no obvious change with plate speed increasing. Under the same plate speed, suction qualified rate increased, and leakage suction rate decreased with the increase of negative pressure. Under the plate speed in 10-110 r/min and negative pressure in 1.5-2.5 kPa, suction qualified rate was not less than 92.0%, and the sum of leakage and re-suction rate was not more than 8.0%. Despite the variety of commonly used rapeseed seeds, the difference in sphericity and average grain size is not large, there was no suction hole blockage in the test of the high-speed precision seed metering rack of the rapeseed with groove plate, groove-tooth plate and smooth plate. Through the reasonable design of the diameter of the suction cell, the multiple suction rate and the blocking rate could be well controlled, increasing the average kinetic energy of the seed-group (the disturbance intensity) could significantly improve the filling performance, thereby improving the suction performance of the rapeseed pneumatic high-speed seed metering device and reduce the leakage suction rate. The research results showed that groove and tooth composition plate had a high suction precision and could be provide reference for structural improvement and optimization of pneumatic rapeseed high speed precision seed metering device. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Plates (structural components)

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Design  -  Kinetic energy  -  Kinetics  -  Machine design  -  Oilseeds  -  Pneumatic materials handling equipment  -  Pneumatics  -  Seed  -  Speed   -  Structural design  -  Structural optimization  -  Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Disturbance of groove- tooth  -  Precision seed-metering devices  -  Precision suction  -  Quantitative indices  -  Rapeseed  -  Seed metering devices  -  Structural improvements  -  Suction performance

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  632.3 Pneumatics  -  632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Pressure 1.50e+03Pa to 2.50e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+01RPM to 1.10e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 1.00e+01RPM to 1.50e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 9.00e+01RPM, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 3.04e+01%, Percentage 4.72e+01%, Percentage 7.40e+00%, Percentage 7.57e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Irrigation water use in typical irrigation and drainage system of Hetao Irrigation District

Accession number: 20191906870430

Title of translation:

Authors: Ren, Dongyang (1, 2); Xu, Xu (1, 2); Huang, Guanhua (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Xu, Xu(xushengwu@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 98-105

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The Hetao Irrigation District (Hetao) located in the upper Yellow River basin represents a very typical arid agro-ecosystem in northern China. Due to complex cropping pattern and shallow groundwater table, the irrigation water use in Hetao is rather complicated. Clarifying the mechanism of irrigation water use and salt transportation in Hetao is of great significance to agricultural production and ecological sustainability in these areas. In this study, a typical irrigation and drainage system (Yangchang (a second-to-last order canal) canal area (YCA)) located in Hetao was selected as a case study area. Field experiments were conducted in it during the growing season (from April to September) in 2012 and 2013. Based on the 2-yr field observations, water balance model for the whole study area as well as the different crop fields within it were set up. For the field scale water balance model, to overcome the difficulties caused by lateral groundwater exchange among fields, the water balance calculations during groundwater level rising or declining period were conducted separately based on the water table fluctuation characteristics of Hetao. During the water level rising period, the FAO56 crop coefficient method was directly used to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) as most of the fields were irrigated and the root zone had good salt and water conditions (almost no water/salt stress on vegetation). During the groundwater level declining period, a simple water balance equation was used to calculate ETa as the amount of lateral groundwater exchange could be neglected. This method for calculating field scale ETa was named “Up-Down Method”. Thus the regional scale ET could be calculated by summing up all the field scale ETa with their area weight. Then the average specific yield of the study area could be calculated using the regional scale water balance equation during the groundwater level rising period. Based on this, the ETa of different crop fields and ET of the whole study area were calculated. At last, the irrigation water use, salt accumulation and redistribution were discussed through the water and salt balance calculation. Results showed that the specific yield for the groundwater level fluctuation zone was 0.037, while for the whole soil profile was 0.062. The ET of YCA from May to September was respectively 514 mm and 475 mm in 2012 and 2013. For the different crop fields in YCA, their evapotranspiration (ETa) was not so much different during the whole study period, however, that during the growing season of each crop varied a lot. The crops with longer growth period usually had a larger ETa during the growing season. The empirical method “Up-Down Method” can give a reasonable estimation of crop field ETa in Hetao comparing with model simulation. Analysis on the water and salt consumption and redistribution showed that during the growing season, the cropland ET consumed 78% of the total water diversion and accumulated 39% of the total salt introduced; while the natural patches consumed 11% of the total water diversion and accommodated 40% of the total salt introduced. This study provides a sound guidance to water and salt management in irrigation districts. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Climate models  -  Crops  -  Drainage  -  Ecology  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Flood control  -  Groundwater  -  Groundwater resources  -  Scales (weighing instruments)  -  Soils   -  Water conservation  -  Water levels  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Groundwater level fluctuation  -  Hetao irrigation districts  -  Irrigation and drainage systems  -  Salinity  -  Shallow groundwater tables  -  Specific yield  -  Water and salt managements  -  Water balance models

Classification code: 442.1 Flood Control  -  443 Meteorology  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  943.3 Special Purpose Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+01%, Percentage 7.80e+01%, Size 4.75e-01m, Size 5.14e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Influence of baffle on air flow field in low profile cross ventilated cattle barn analysis based on PIV test

Accession number: 20191906870441

Title of translation: PIV

Authors: Deng, Shuhui (1, 2); Shi, Zhengxiang (2); Li, Baoming (2); Ding, Tao (2); Li, Hao (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of MOARA, College of Water Resource and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China

Corresponding author: Shi, Zhengxiang(shizhx@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 188-194

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Low profile cross ventilated (LPCV) cattle barn has been widely used in large-scale dairy farms in China in recent years. The effective control of the indoor environment of cattle barn has significantly improved the production of the cattles. However, there are problems with airflow pattern in practice, such as uneven air distribution inside the barn. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology has been widely used in indoor airflow pattern investigation and similar aspects, and it was applied to study the influences on the indoor airflow pattern from the baffle, parapet, inlet air velocity and cows in this study. Based on the similitude theory, the influence of fluid viscous force is relatively weakened for viscous flow when the reynolds number increases to a specific value, after that, although the reynolds number is continuously increased, it will not affect the airflow pattern, the resulting viscous effect can be the same regardless of the changes in the reynolds number, this phenomenon is called automatic modelling of fluid. Based on this principle, the reynolds number of both the prototype and model cattle barn were calculated to fit the criteria of automatic modelling of fluid which meant that the airflow in the prototype and model could enter the automatic simulation zone and the airflow pattern of the prototype and model cattle barn was similar. A model/prototype ratio in 1/15 was selected and applied in this study, and the scaled models of LPCV cattle barn and cows were to investigate the airflow pattern inside the cattle barn. The airflow patterns under 6 working conditions were tested by particle image velocimetry using this scaled model. The tested cases included the cases with/without the baffle, cases with/without the parapet, cases with/without the cow models, and cases under 3 inlet air velocities 3.4, 3.8, and 4.0 m/s. Due to the limited capture area of the camera, the zone in a dimension of 280 mm×280 mm close to the parapet where was considered to be the most critical area was chosen for the investigated region. It was found that the baffle and the parapet in the LPCV were the cause of the deflection of the airflow in the cattle barn, the airflow entered the animal occupied area in the lower part of the barn under the guidance of the baffle, then the airflow direction was deflected to the upper space inside the barn with the influence from the parapet. Meanwhile, a low-velocity region was formed in the rear of the parapet, and this phenomenon happened only when both the baffle and parapet were installed simultaneously. When the baffle and the parapet were installed singly, the uneven distribution of the airflow in the barn was not observed, the baffle increased the airflow velocity at the lower part of the barn where the animal occupied. The presence of the cow models in the barn and the inlet wind speed had no significantly influence on the flow direction of the airflow in the whole barn, However, due to the presence of cows, when the air flow went around the cow’s back, the high-speed area of the air flow shifted upward, and the average speed of the air flow increased with the increase of the inlet speed. This study provides references for the optimal design of the airflow pattern inside the LPCV cattle barn. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Air

Controlled terms: Air conditioning  -  Animals  -  Farm buildings  -  Flow fields  -  Flow visualization  -  Models  -  Reynolds number  -  Velocimeters  -  Velocity  -  Velocity measurement   -  Viscous flow  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Air distribution  -  Air flow velocity  -  Automatic simulation  -  Indoor environment  -  Influence of fluid  -  Low velocity region  -  Particle image velocimetries  -  Similarity theory

Classification code: 402.1 Industrial and Agricultural Buildings  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  643.3 Air Conditioning  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  943.3 Special Purpose Instruments

Numerical data indexing: Velocity 4.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Application on remote sensing survey of abandoned farmlands in winter along the Huaihe River based on GF-1 image

Accession number: 20191906870446

Title of translation: GF-1

Authors: Ma, Shangjie (1, 2); Pei, Zhiyuan (1, 2); Wang, Fei (1, 2); Jiao, Weijie (1, 2); Jia, Shaorong (1, 2); Wang, Danqiong (1, 2); Han, Xue (1, 2); Jia, Lijuan (1, 2); Liu, Min (1, 2); Lou, Jing (3)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Use, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Agricultural Resources Monitoring Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) Anhui Institute of Economic Research, Hefei; 230001, China

Corresponding author: Pei, Zhiyuan(peizhiyuan@agri.gov.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 227-233

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The total supply of arable land resources and reserved land resources is very limited in China, and the contradiction between people and land is prominent. The rural land, as the property of farmers, is considered as a scarce resource. However, with the development of the market economy and rural economy, the phenomenon of abandoning rural lands will inevitably lead to the waste of land resources, affecting our food security and rural incomes. In addition, the phenomenon will further increase the cost of land law enforcement, which is not conducive to the stable development of rural economy and society. In order to obtain the situation of abandoned farmlands in winter in the region along the Huaihe River, a method for surveying the abandoned farmlands by using remote sensing technology was researched and used in this study. Huoqiu County, the main grain-producing area along the Huaihe River in Northern Anhui Province, was selected as the study area. GF-1 image with 16 m resolution in April from 2015 to 2017, while the winter wheat growing, were used as the data source to survey the situation of farmland abandonment. 1) The distribution of crops growing in winter was extracted, mainly winter wheat, from remote sensing; 2) Then the accurate planting area of crops was got by subtracting small features area using a deduction coefficient of small ground objects which from the 10 km × 10 km sampling frames. Finally, the winter wheat planting areas in 2015, 2016 and 2017 were compared. Because winter rape planting area only accounted for about 6.2% of winter wheat planting area in local, so crop of winter rape was not considered as in this study when interpreting images, and would produce some errors within the acceptable range. Two important conclusions were drawn: 1) In the whole county, the winter wheat planting areas from 2015 to 2017 were respectively 937.72, 821.79 and 608.91 km2. 2) Based on the winter wheat planting area in 2015, the areas of abandoned farmlands in winter in the year of 2016, 2017 were 115.93 and 328.81 km2 with ratio of 12.36% and 35.06%. Based on the investigation and interview of local farmers, it was considered that the continuous rainy season weather during the sowing period of winter wheat was the direct reason for the obvious increase of abandoned farmland area in 2017. Because of the continuous rainfall, serious water accumulation in low-lying areas prevented the winter wheat from being sowed and farmland were abandoned passively. Further analysis showed that the main reasons for the increase of abandoned framland in Huoqiu County and in the region along the Huaihe River in winter in recent years were insufficient irrigation and drainage facilities, low benefit of wheat which following rice, and farmers’ empolyment behavior in cities, and so on. Therefore, the government should focus on improving the local farmland infrastructure conditions, enhancing the ability of disaster prevention and resilience, and take various measures to improve the profits on winter wheat planting, innovate the way of utilization of winter fallow field, and so on, in order to alleviate the farmland abandonment problem in region in winter. Remote sensing technology has great advantages in obtaining large range of farmland abandonment information, and the research in this paper could provide a reference for remote sensing investigation of winter farmland abandonment in the region along the Huaihe River. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Farms

Controlled terms: Chemical contamination  -  Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Disaster prevention  -  Extraction  -  Food supply  -  Laws and legislation  -  Remote sensing  -  Rivers  -  Rural areas   -  Surveys

Uncontrolled terms: Abandoned farmland  -  Deduction coefficient  -  GF-1  -  Huaihe river  -  Market economies  -  Northern anhui provinces  -  Remote sensing technology  -  Water accumulation

Classification code: 802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  822.3 Food Products  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Area 1.16e+08m2, Area 3.29e+08m2, Area 6.09e+08m2, Area 8.22e+08m2, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 3.51e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+00%, Size 1.00e+04m, Size 1.60e+01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Design of hand-operated piggyback jaw gripper type simplified picker for pear

Accession number: 20191906870423

Title of translation:

Authors: Gao, Zicheng (1); Pang, Guoyou (1); Li, Lijun (1); Zhao, Kaijie (1); Wang, Xiaochen (1); Ji, Chengcai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha; 410004, China

Corresponding author: Li, Lijun(junlili1122@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 39-45

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and high labor intensity of pear picking, a hand-operated piggyback jaw type simplified pear picker was designed in this paper. The characteristics of pears were analyzed by selecting 3 kinds of pears commonly found in the market: ‘Xuehua’ pear, ‘Yali’ pear, and ‘Apple-pear’, the pear maturity was divided into A, B and C grades according to the fruit diameter size and the growth period. Referring to the previous research results on the shear mechanical properties of citrus and litchi fruit handles, the shear force measurement bench was constructed. Shearing tests of the fruit stem were carried out on the 3 kinds of pears with different maturity according to the lever principle. In the test, 60 fruits of each grade of maturity of each pear were taken and the average value of the measurement results was obtained. The result showed that the shearing force of the stems of the 3 varieties was different, with the increase of the fruit maturity level, the shearing force of the pear stems increases first and then decreases, the maximum shearing force of the fruit stem was 5.4 N among the 3 varieties. The picking device was composed of driving operating parts, picking head parts, adjustable straps and carrying “Z” type collecting bag. The length and position of the strap picker could be adjusted by pulling up the handle of the strap and pressing down the handle after moving the clamp block to the appropriate position according to personal use. The driving operating unit was connected to the picking head through the hollow aluminum tube through the dragline.The other components on the picking head were connected by cylindrical pins. The pear picking process was divided into 3 steps: in the first step, the operator placed the picking head near the pear and puted the pear into the tray of the picking head, so that the pear was accurately positioned. In the second step, the operator pulled the operating handle to hold the fruit and cuted off the handle. In the last step, after the picking, the operator released the operating handle, the clamping claw and blade automatically return to the position under the action of the reset spring, and the fruit slides into the fruit basket through the “Z” type collecting sack. The movement simulation of the picking head was conducted based on the software Recurdyn. The simulation result showed that the average shear force was 13.5 N, it was greater than the maximum shear force of 5.4 N which was the required shear force of the pear stem. The main stressed parts were analyzed based on ANSYS Workbench 15.0 software. The results demonstrated that the maximum deformation of the picker was located at the installation place of the picking head, and the maximum deformation was 0.072 571 mm, which was less than the maximum allowable deformation of the picker 0.1 mm. The maximum stress position of the picker was at the joint of the 2 rods. The maximum stress of the group was 19.267 MPa, which was much smaller than the allowable stress of the material 110 MPa, the strength of the picking device met the requirements. In order to verify the rationality of the design, the field experiments were carried out in the summer of 2018 at Mushan pear orchards in Shaoyang, Hunan Province. The test results demonstrated that the hand-held picker was simple and comfortable to operate. The picking efficiency was 57.1% higher than that of manual picking. The average damage rate was 1.0%. The reason of fruit damage during the picking process was maily that the diameter of the pear was more than 100 mm, which leaded to the wrong touch of the blade. The hand-operated piggyback pear picker improved the picking efficiency and the operational safety of picking process. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Citrus fruits

Controlled terms: Computer software  -  Deformation  -  Efficiency  -  Fruits  -  Mechanical properties  -  Shearing  -  Shearing machines

Uncontrolled terms: Hand-operated  -  Length and position  -  Maximum shear forces  -  Movement Simulation  -  Pear  -  Picking  -  Piggyback  -  Shear force measurement

Classification code: 603.1 Machine Tools, General  -  604.1 Metal Cutting  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Force 1.35e+01N, Force 5.40e+00N, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 5.71e+01%, Pressure 1.10e+08Pa, Pressure 1.93e+07Pa, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.00e-04m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. System design for peanut canopy height information acquisition based on LiDAR

Accession number: 20191906870440

Title of translation:

Authors: Cheng, Man (1, 2); Cai, Zhenjiang (1); Ning, Wang (2); Yuan, Hongbo (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding; 071001, China; (2) Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater; OK; 74075, United States

Corresponding author: Cai, Zhenjiang(czj65@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 180-187

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Plant height is a very important phenotypic trait in peanut breeding research. It is a key parameter not only indicating the growth state of peanut, but also calculating peanut biomass and yield. At present, the acquisition of peanut plant height in breeding research mainly relies on manual measurement, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has certain subjectivity. Therefore, it is necessary to design a measurement system that can be used in the field and can quickly and accurately obtain the height of peanut canopy. In this study, a LiDAR-based field peanut canopy height information acquisition system was constructed, which was a mobile data acquisition platform designed for field conditions, and a data processing and analysis algorithm was developed to extract the height of peanut canopy. The sensor was equipped with a LiDAR (LMS291-05S, SICK) for scanning the peanut canopy, an RGB camera is used to capture the image of the peanut canopy, an encoder was used to record the moving distance of the system platform; all sensors were powered by a 24 V battery and all data were uploaded to a laptop. An experimental field was established with three peanut cultivars at Oklahoma State University’s Caddo Research Station in Fort Cobb, Oklahoma state, USA in May and the data collections were conducted monthly from July to September 2015. There were 12 planting plots in the field, which were arranged in a straight line, and the length of each plot was 4.75 m, the interval between adjacent plots was 1.52 m, and the interval between ridges was 0.91 m in a plot. SWR, MCD and GA04S three different breeds of peanuts were planted in 12 different plots, each of which was repeated four times, and the plots of the same breed were not adjacent to each other. The ground-based LiDAR used for this research was a line-scan laser scanner with a scan-angle of 100°, an angle resolution of 0.25°, and a scanning speed of 53 ms. A wide aperture angle of 100° was used for LiDAR in order to ensure a complete scan of target canopy. As a result, the collected data included those from the adjacent rows. An algorithm was developed to extract the region of the interested data acquired by the system through the polynomial curve fitting method. To provide fixed reference points within each plot over the three collection periods, some metal posts were installed within the center length of each scanned row. These metal stakes were caught by the LiDAR in all the data file, in addition, noise also presented in the raw data. Therefore, a data filtering and correction algorithm was developed to eliminate the interference information. All valid canopy height data, which were processed according to the previously described preprocessing algorithms, were organized into a height matrix, that was, all the canopy height values scanned in each plot were constructed into a canopy height matrix, and then the mean heights were analyzed and calculated. The results showed that the minimum deviation of the average canopy height between obtained by the system and the manual measurement was 2%, the maximum deviation effected by topography was 32%, and the average deviation was about 11%, but the measurement deviation was gradually decreasing with the growth of peanut plants. The accuracy of this result was acceptable compared with the height of the peanut plant, and the collection of canopy height information by the system can greatly reduce working time and the input of artificial labor, and improve the efficiency of crop phenotypic information acquisition and analysis. Future research will focus on the rapid movement and manipulation of measurement system, and apply information fusion to data processing of multiple sensors. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Information filtering

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Curve fitting  -  Data acquisition  -  Data handling  -  Data mining  -  Image processing  -  Matrix algebra  -  Measurement  -  Oilseeds  -  Optical radar   -  Polynomial approximation  -  Topography

Uncontrolled terms: Canopy heights  -  Data processing and analysis  -  Field test  -  Information acquisition system  -  Oklahoma State University  -  Peanut  -  Polynomial curve fitting methods  -  Pre-processing algorithms

Classification code: 716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  903.1 Information Sources and Analysis  -  921.1 Algebra  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Size 1.52e+00m, Size 4.75e+00m, Size 9.10e-01m, Time 5.30e-02s, Voltage 2.40e+01V

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Design of continuous ditching and fixed distance apple planting machine for high density dwarfing orchard

Accession number: 20191906870421

Title of translation:

Authors: Lin, Yuexiang (1); Shang, Shuqi (1); Wang, Dongwei (1); Song, Laiqi (2); Zhang, Jingguo (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao; 266109, China; (2) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (3) Gaomi Secondary Specialized School, Gaomi; 261501, China

Corresponding author: Shang, Shuqi(sqingnong@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 23-30

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Aiming at the present situation of high labor intensity and low precision of plant spacing control in fruit tree planting, the agricultural machinery agronomic integration technology based on standardized cultivation mode was studied in this paper, and an apple planting machine for high density dwarfing orchard was designed, the key technical problems in mechanized planting of fruit seedlings, such as continuous wide and deep furrow opening, vertical planting of fruit seedlings and precise control of plant spacing, were solved. The apple planting machine for high density dwarfing orchard was powered by a tractor above 58 kW and used a rear three-point suspension operation mode. The structure mainly composed of continuous ditching device, clamping and conveying device, fixed-distance planting device, overburden pressing device and other auxiliary devices. The ditching device was powered by power-output shaft to drive opener ditching continuously. V-type double-disc opener was used, ditching blade was installed on ditch cutter supported by inclined bearings. Soil retaining plate was installed at the rear of the opener, front and side plates were used with the opener to ensure the grooving structure was stable. Bottom plate was used together with grid bar to assist positioning. By manually placing the seedlings and placing the rotes on the bottom plate, the tree trunk was placed obliquely on the grid bar lying on the conveying channel for initial positioning. After the sensor of the fixed-distance planting device installed at the rear of the frame detected the position information of the planted seedlings, the cylinder action of the clamping conveyor was started by controlling the switch. the positioning bar was opened, and the seedlings entered the clamping state, and then the seedlings were transmitted backward by the carrying belt. The carrying belt was powered by the ground wheel with the same rate, therefore, the speed of the carrying belt was the same as the machine working speed, and the seedlings were placed in the planting ditch statically with a zero speed relative to the ground, then the scraper-type cover pushed back the soil and the compaction wheel pressed the soil compactly, at the same time it pushed forward the seedlings to complete the upright planting. The fixed-distance sensor detected the seedlings just planted, the process was repeated, ensuring the distance between the adjacent 2 seedlings was equal, continuous ditching, vertical planting, backfilling and repressing were realized in one-time. By adjusting the height of the bottom plate (from 0 to 20 cm), the angle and depth for initial inclined positioning could be changed, so that the machine could work in different soils and for different varieties. The ditching depth of the machine was adjustable from 0 to 40 cm, the ditching width was 30~37 cm, and the working speed was 0.8-1.5 km/h. The results of field experiment showed that the average qualification rate for planting depth was 91.43%, the average planting qualification rate was 93.79%, and the variation coefficient of plant spacing was about 5.03%, average planting efficiency was about 720 plants per hour, which was 36 times more efficient than manual planting, the machine worked stably and the planting effect met the mechanized production requirements of modern standard orchard. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Seed

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Cultivation  -  Design  -  Fruits  -  Machine design  -  Orchards  -  Plates (structural components)  -  Reforestation  -  Soils  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Apple  -  Continuous ditching  -  Cultivation modes  -  Fixed distance planting  -  Integration technologies  -  Position information  -  Production requirements  -  Variation coefficient

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 5.03e+00%, Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.38e+01%, Power 5.80e+04W, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m to 3.70e-01m, Velocity 2.22e-01m/s to 4.17e-01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Analysis of antibiotic resistance genes fate and its drivers during anaerobic digestion of animal manure

Accession number: 20191906870442

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhi, Suli (1); Zhou, Jing (2); Zhao, Run (1); Yang, Fengxia (1); Zhang, Keqiang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin; 300191, China; (2) College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150036, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Keqiang(keqiangzhang68@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 195-205

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been considered as an emerging pollutant. The occurrence of ARGs is mainly due to the overuse of antibiotics. China is the largest producer and consumer of antibiotics in the world, and it was estimated that about 162 000 t of antibiotics were used in China in 2013, among which 52% was used for animal breeding. However, after used, 30%-90% of these veterinary antibiotics were excreted with feces and urine for partially metabolized by animal body. Therefore, animal manure has been considered as an important reservoir of antibiotic residues and ARGs. If not treated effectively, ARGs can enter into other environmental mediums with land application. And ARGs can eventually enter into the human food chain which may endanger the public safety. Anaerobic digestion is a promising technology which can convert the organic matters to biogas and organic fertilizers. So it is widely used for animal manure disposal in different animal farms. Therefore, the variation of ARGs in anaerobic digestion system has big significance for reducing the risk of ARGs growth and transmission. The paper firstly showed that ARGs were ubiquitous in manure, water, soil, food and even in the air, on the basis of analyzing ARGs levels in different environmental mediums. About the detecting methods of ARGs, the main detecting methods contained PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), high-throughput quantitative PCR and metagenomic technique, among which metagenomic technique was the most promising technology for comprehensive analyzing of ARGs in different types. About the variation of ARGs and its driving factors during anaerobic digestion, the paper analyzed the relating literatures at home and abroad. The results showed that the microbial community composition was the main driving factor of ARGs variation, which was due to the variation of the potential host microbes carrying ARGs during anaerobic digestion. Although many studies had investigated the ARGs and their potential hosts through the statistical method, the further confirmation of the real hosts for ARGs was also need. The determination of ARGs host microbes was the difficulty parts for the future research. Antibiotic residues and heavy metals were also the important driving factors for ARGs variation, so it is important to remove the antibiotic residues and heavy metals thoroughly to reduce the environmental risk of ARGs pollution. The mobile genetic elements played a key role in the horizontal transmission of ARGs, and they could be considered as some indicators for ARGs variation. On the whole, all the factors in anaerobic digestion system could directly or indirectly impact the ARGs variation. The operating parameters were the precondition for the whole system. Under the designed operating parameters, the microbial communities interacted with other physicochemical parameters in the anaerobic digestion system. The microbial communities affected the ARGs transmission by mobile genetic elements. Therefore, it was the research emphasis for future work to control ARGs by comprehensive regulation of different factors of anaerobic digestion system. The paper will provide some theoretical information for researchers about the variation, transmission and driving factors of ARGs in anaerobic digestion system with animal manure. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 78

Main heading: Anaerobic digestion

Controlled terms: Animals  -  Antibiotics  -  Bacteria  -  Digestive system  -  DNA  -  Fertilizers  -  Genes  -  Heavy metals  -  Manures  -  Metal analysis   -  Pollution  -  Polymerase chain reaction  -  Reservoirs (water)

Uncontrolled terms: Antibiotic resistance genes  -  Driving factors  -  Genetic elements  -  Horizontal transmissions  -  Microbial communities  -  Microbial community composition  -  Physicochemical parameters  -  Real-time quantitative PCR

Classification code: 441.2 Reservoirs  -  461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+01% to 9.00e+01%, Percentage 5.20e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Analysis of volatile components of citrus oil causing oleocellosis in citrus fruits

Accession number: 20191906870456

Title of translation:

Authors: Xie, Jiao (1, 2); Deng, Lili (1, 3); Ming, Jian (1, 3); Yao, Shixiang (1, 3); Zeng, Kaifang (1, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China; (2) School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou; 550025, China; (3) Food Storage and Logistics Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China

Corresponding author: Zeng, Kaifang(zengkaifang@hotmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 310-316

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Citrus, consumed widely throughout the world since its appearance, flavor and nutritional value, is one of the most popular subtropical fruits in the world. However, oleocellosis that often occurs at harvest time and during postharvest storage has a negative effect on the external quality of citrus fruits due to the appearance defects formed on the surface of the pericarp, eventually causes extensive economic damage to citrus industry. Oleocellosis, a major physiology disorder in citrus, is characterized by the appearance of outstanding oil glands of blemish area, tissue necrosis occurred in the adjacent epidermis of oil glands, and formation of green, yellow even brown spots in the disorder area. It was reported that the occurrence of oleocellosis is highly correlated with the release of peel oil from the glands located in citrus pericarp; oleocellosis results from various injuries such as friction from hail and the mechanical damage, and the injuries will induce the breakdown of glands to form oleocellosis development. Those studies about oleocellosis development revealed that there was a certain correlation between oleocellosis and citrus oil during the oleocellosis occurrance. At present, little information was available on which citrus oil components could cause the occurrence of oleocellosis in citrus fruits. In generally, the citrus oil obtained by the cold compression method consists of non-volatile components (including two kinds of compounds: lipo-soluble and water-soluble) and volatile components. The induction of these two components in citrus oil on oleocellosis development of citrus fruit has not been reported. In terms of that, the fruits of Jincheng, Navel orange and Ponkan mandarin fruits were used as raw material, and the commercial citrus oil and extracted citrus oils from the three citrus varieties were used to treat the three types of citrus fruit to confirm whether the oleocellosis could be induced by the two types of oils, respectively. The results showed that the oleocellosis symptoms both occurred in the three citrus types after the treatment of commercial citrus oil and extracted citrus oils, respectively, which indicated that the citrus oil could induce the oleocellosis. Additionally, non-volatile components in citrus oil which were treated with the distilled water- and ethanol-soluble also were used to induce the three citrus types, respectively. The results showed that the treatment of dissolving substances (including liposoluble and water-soluble) of non-volatile compositions in citrus oil on citrus fruits did not induce the occurrence of oleocellosis. From those results above, it could be concluded that the volatile components in the citrus oil were the main reason for oleocellosis development. Therefore, the twenty-six kinds of volatile componends that that significantly changed in oleocellosis peels compared to the healthy ones were applied to induce the three citrus types of fruits to study the oleocellosis incidence and symptoms based on this conclusion, respectively. The results showed that twenty-one volatile components contained five terpene hydrocarbons (including d-limonene, β-myrcene, sabinese, γ-terpinolene and α-terpinolene), five terpene alcohols (including linalool, β-terpineol, α-terpineol, geraniol and citronellol), six aldehydes (including nonanal, decanal, undecanal, dodecanal, citronellal and geranial), two oxides (including (E)-limonene oxide and (Z)-limonene oxide), two esters (including geranyl acetate and neryl acetate) and one ketone (including (-)-carvone) compounds could induce oleocellosis development of Jincheng, Navel orange and Ponkan fruits, however, the volatile compositions of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, valencene, β-farnesene and α-farnesene could not incuce the oleocellosis development of the three citrus types, respectively. In summary, the volatile components in citrus oil which could induce oleocellosis development of citrus fruit were identified by studying the induction of commercial citrus oil, extracted citrus oils and non-volatile compositions in citrus oil on oleocellosis development of citrus fruit. In addition, oleocellosis development in Jincheng, Navel orange and Ponkan induced by the twenty-one volatile components of citrus oil has their own characteristics, for example, the phenomena that parts of oil glands in disease areas collapsed were more obvious in Jincheng and Ponkan oleocellosis fruits induced by terpene hydrocarbons compared to Navel orange, and the color of disease areas showed pale brown in the two types of oleocellosis fruits, however, Navel orange oleocellosis fruits showed purple brown.. However, the symptoms of oleocellosis in three varieties of citrus fruit had slightly different, which might be due to different varieties of sensitivity in citrus fruit. Studying the effect of specific components in citrus oil on the oleocellosis of citrus peels will provide a theoretical basis for explaining the mechanism of oleocellosis in citrus peel and theoretical guidance for further exploration on the prevention and control measures. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Citrus fruits

Controlled terms: Diseases  -  Essential oils  -  Fruits  -  Hydrocarbons  -  Ketones  -  Monoterpenes  -  Petroleum prospecting  -  Precipitation (meteorology)  -  Water treatment

Uncontrolled terms: Citrus oil  -  Jincheng  -  Navel orange  -  Oleocellosis  -  Ponkan mandarin  -  Volatile organic components

Classification code: 443.3 Precipitation  -  445.1 Water Treatment Techniques  -  512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Dynamical monitoring of ecological environment quality of land consolidation based on multi-source remote sensing data

Accession number: 20191906870447

Title of translation:

Authors: Shan, Wei (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2); Meng, Xiansu (3); Yang, Xiaoyan (3); Xu, Zhigang (1); Gu, Zhengming (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China

Corresponding author: Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 234-242

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Land consolidation is one of the important means to safeguard national food security, support rural revitalization strategy, optimize the allocation of land resources, and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological transformation is the inevitable trend for the development of land consolidation. It is quite important to carry out scientific and reasonable, objective and direct, and long-term comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of ecological environmental quality at project area scale. Based on remote sensing technology, RSEI (remote sensing ecological index) model can quickly, objectively and quantitatively evaluate regional ecological environment quality, and realize visual representation, time-space analysis, simulation and prediction of regional ecological environment quality changes. Applying multi-source remote sensing data and taking 6 years before and after land consolidation as study period, this research constructed the RSEI model with principal component analysis, and retrieved values of the wetness, greenness, heat, and dryness indicators and RSEI index to monitor and analyze ecological environmental quality in a typical land consolidation project. The standard values in the research are: 1) RSEI ranges from 0 to 1, and the closer to 1 the value, the better the ecological environment quality. 2) The RSEI basic level is divided into 5 levels from small to large, i.e. “poor, inferior, medium, good, and excellent”. 3) Based on the RSEI basic level, the RSEI level is divided into 9 subdivision levels (from -4 to 4) and 3 classes (worse, unchanged and better). All negative subdivision levels are classified as “worse”, 0-value is classified as “unchanged”, and all positive subdivision levels are classified as “better”. The result shows: 1) The wetness and greenness indicators have a positive effect on promoting the ecological environment quality of the region, while the heat and dryness indicators have a restraining effect on the regional ecological environment quality, and the dryness indicator is more significant than the other 3 indicators. 2) Before, during, and after the land consolidation, the mean values of RSEI are 0.652, 0.572, and 0.605, respectively, and the proportion of excellent plus good RSEI class accounts for 78.73%, 39.55%, and 63.29% respectively in 3 periods. Meanwhile, the degenerated, unchanged, and improved RSEI classes are 42.55%, 46.25%, and 11.20% of the total area, respectively. 3) In this project area, the ecological environment quality presents a trend of decreasing firstly and increasing later, with an overall trend of decreasing, which are the characteristics of “turning worse during the consolidation period, getting better during the recovery period, and becoming worse in the overall process”. Land consolidation causes persistent disturbance to the ecological environment, and there is a lag to restore and improve regional ecological environment. Five years after the project completion, the ecological environment quality level is still lower than before. The project area is the direct target of land consolidation and the carrier of benefit manifestation. This study can provide certain theoretical guidance and method reference for the continuous monitoring and dynamic assessment of ecological environment quality at the project area scale. Furthermore, it can provide certain method reference and data support to improve the local ecological environment, ensure the quality of cultivated land, improve agricultural production conditions, and promote regional sustainable development in some degree. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Quality control

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Ecology  -  Food supply  -  Principal component analysis  -  Remote sensing  -  Space optics  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  Comprehensive monitoring  -  Ecological transformation  -  Environment quality  -  Land consolidations  -  Regional sustainable development  -  Remote sensing technology  -  RSEI index

Classification code: 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  656.1 Space Flight  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  822.3 Food Products  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Age 6.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 3.95e+01%, Percentage 4.25e+01%, Percentage 4.62e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Percentage 7.87e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Optimization of land use structure based on “multiple planning integration” and ecological footprint

Accession number: 20191906870448

Title of translation: ””

Authors: Tang, Lijing (1); Wang, Dongyan (1); Yang, Yuanyuan (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun; 130061, China; (2) Insititute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100101, China; (3) College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Dongyan(wang_dy@jlu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 243-251

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The optimization of land use structure under the background of “multiple planning integration” plays an important role in promoting the efficient utilization of land resources in China. The conflict of land use structure between different traditional planning in China is rooted in the difference of planning concepts and the difference of planning objectives. Therefore, the optimization of land use structure under the background of “multiple planning integration” is essentially to solve the problem of rational allocation of land resources under the coincident concept and objective. It is necessary to push forward “multiple planning integration” from the strategic level of ecological civilization development. This paper aimed to solve the problem of how to optimize land use structure under the background of “multiple planning integration”. Under the guidance of the concept of ecological civilization, we followed the principle of ecological priority to optimize land use structure, and gave priority to the implementation of ecological protection objective. When we implement the economic development objective, we should coordinate the ecological service supply of land ecosystem under the guidance of planning and the economic development objective as a whole, so as to realize the coordinated development of ecological economy. Ecological footprint method was a classical method to quantitatively determine whether regional development was within the scope of ecological capacity, which was suitable for land use structure optimization under the background of “multiple planning integration”. We took Yiyuan County, Shandong Province as study area. Firstly, we defined the ecological redline, which is not supporting for economic development, and then we constructed ecological footprint models based on the rules of national economic accounting to estimate the demands of ecological footprint for the economic development objective. Secondly, according to land use status in planning base year, we analyzed the carrying capacity status to economic development objective in the planning target year under the land use planning arrangement of different plan. Finally, on the basis of finding out the land use types that cause ecological deficit and connect scale according to the following principles: supplementing land use types with surplus status of which ecological service functions from low to high successively to land use types with deficit status of which ecological service functions from high to low. The results showed that: In the final of the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the rational scales of the ecological redline, cultivated land, garden, woodland, grassland, water areas and construction land were 41 835.73, 35 276.61, 22 596.76, 13 377.61, 21 268.02, 2 041.59, 14 549.00 hm2 respectively in Yiyuan County. The rational scale guarantees the maximum supply of the county’s public ecological service function when the economic development objective is implemented. In conclusion, the ecological footprint method based on land use scale and its public integrated ecosystem services provides a methodological support for the scientific upgrading of land use structure optimization in the “multiple planning integration”. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Land use

Controlled terms: Economic and social effects  -  Economics  -  Ecosystems  -  Natural resources  -  Rational functions  -  Regional planning  -  Shape optimization  -  Structural optimization

Uncontrolled terms: Ecological carrying capacity  -  Ecological footprint  -  Multiple planning  -  Structure optimization  -  Yiyuan County

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  403.2 Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Response of ecological environment change to urban construction land expansion in Bole City of Xinjiang

Accession number: 20191906870449

Title of translation:

Authors: Kasimu, Yueriguli (1, 3); Simayi, Zibibula (1, 2, 3); Wang, Lei (1, 3); Bayi, Xohrat (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Wisdom City and Environmental Modeling, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (3) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology at Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China

Corresponding author: Simayi, Zibibula(zibibulla3283@sina.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 252-259

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, China is in the rapid development stage of urbanization, while urbanization is exerting its positive effect, and it inevitably brings negative effects. The “urban social problems” in the form of urban ecological deterioration is becoming more and more concerned by the government and the society. Therefore, it is very important for timely, accurately and quickly detecting the ecological changes which caused by the urban expansion. Four evaluation indices, such as humidity (Wet), green degree (NDVI), dry degree (NDBI) and heat degree (LST) were extracted from Landsat remote sensing images (2000-2016), and the integrated index method was used to deal with the normalized environmental factors, and the final evaluation results of the ecological environment of Bole City were obtained. And the spatial expansion pattern of Bole City was analyzed by using the urban expansion intensity index and the gravity center displacement model. The results showed that the ecological environment quality of Bole City had deteriorated to some extent during 2000-2016. The remote sensing ecological index (RSEI)values of the Bole city decreased from 0.703 in 2000 to 0.688 in 2011 and 0.565 in 2016. The RSEI level of the ecosystem ranged from 81.78% in 2000 to 76.8% in 2011, and then to 64.15% in 2016. During 2000-2016, the area of improved ecological environment was 1 051.65 km2 (accounting for 13.50%), and the area of deteriorated ecological environment was 3 064.59 km2 (accounting for 39.34%). It indicated that the ecological environment of Bole City was deteriorating during 2000-2016, but some parts of the ecological environment was improved. Spatial analysis showed that, the areas where had healthy ecological environment were mainly distributed in the front of the mountain plain, the old city and its surrounding areas; the ecological environment poor region was mainly distributed in the outlying areas of the main urban area and along the banks of Bortala River. Further analysis showed that the built-up area had increased by 11.04 km2, showing a trend of gradual expansion. During the entire study period (2000-2016), gravity center of Bole City had shifted to different directions; During 2000-2011, the gravity center of the city was moved to the southeast direction (SE) by 2.13 km; During 2011-2016, the gravity center of the city was shifted to the Northeast (NE) direction about 5.17 km; The city expanded in a planar distribution during 2000-2016, the gravity center of the city moved to the east in a large scale, as well as showed small scale transformation to the north, south and westward in a planar distribution. The areas where were affected by urban expansion, characteristic of extension and RSEI results further indicated city expansion was a predominate factor of ecological environment deterioration in the study area. In a word, this paper used remote sensing ecological index to comprehensively evaluate the ecological changes of Bole with multi-index, large-scale and multi-phase, and discussed the response of ecological environment to the urban land expansion. On the one hand, it can serve the ecological environment monitoring and ecological city construction of Bole city; on the other hand, it can test the applicability and effectiveness of RSEI in arid areas. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 43

Main heading: Ecology

Controlled terms: Deterioration  -  Economic and social effects  -  Land use  -  Remote sensing

Uncontrolled terms: Bole City  -  Construction land  -  Environment  -  RSEI  -  Urban expansion  -  Xinjiang

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  951 Materials Science  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Area 1.10e+07m2, Area 5.16e+07m2, Area 6.46e+07m2, Percentage 1.35e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+03% to 7.68e+01%, Percentage 3.93e+01%, Percentage 6.42e+01%, Percentage 8.18e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Crop coefficient estimation method of maize by UAV remote sensing and soil moisture monitoring

Accession number: 20191906870428

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Yu (1, 2); Zhang, Liyuan (3); Zhang, Huihui (4); Song, Chaoyang (5); Lin, Guanghua (6); Han, Wenting (1, 7)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (3) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (4) Water Management and Systems Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Fort Collins; CO; 80526, United States; (5) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (6) School of Civil&Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an; 710000, China; (7) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Han, Wenting(hanwt2000@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 83-89

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The rapid and accurate acquisition of evapotranspiration in field crops is an urgent issue to be solved in crop evapotranspiration researches. In this paper, the feasibility of estimating crop coefficient by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing in maize under different water stresses was analyzed. The experiment was conducted in Zhaojun town Experimental Station in Dalate Qi, Inner Mongolia. Full irrigation (TR1) was designed as 50% of field water holding capacity based on previous research results and local situation, which was considered as the base. The water stress condition (80% of the base soil moisture) was designed in the fast growth stage for TR2-TR4. The 82% and 43% of the base soil moisture were also designed for the late growth stage of TR2 and TR3, respectively. In addition, in the middle growth stage, the water stress with 65% of the base soil moisture was designed for TR4. The maize was planted on May 20th,2017. The whole growth period lasted 110 days. The sprinkled irrigation was used for the experiment. The experimental area was partitioned into 4 regions for the different treatments. In each region, a squared area with the side length of 12 m was chosen for plant height and leaf area index measurements. The measurements were carried out every 2-5 days. Soil moisture at 30-cm depth was determined in each area as the surface soil moisture. Meanwhile, climatic parameters such as precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity and so on were collected from local meteorological station. Crop coefficient was calculated by dual crop coefficient method proposed by FAO56 based on meteorological parameters and plant height. The UAV multispectral monitoring system was to obtain the canopy spectral vegetation index of field maize under different water stress conditions. The UAS images were obtained at the same time with the plant height measurement. The simple ratio index was calculated based on reflectivity of red and near infrared band. The dynamic change of leaf area index, soil moisture, simple ratio index, and crop coefficient was analyzed. The results showed that the water stress heavily affected the leaf area index, the simple ratio index and the surface soil moisture was decreased in the late growth stage of maize, and the crop coefficient was low in the late growth stage. The correlation analysis between the crop coefficient, simple ratio index, leaf area index and surface soil moisture showed that the surface soil moisture had the highest correlation with the crop coefficient for the treatment of TR1, TR2 and TR4 but the leaf area index was highly correlated with the crop coefficient in the TR3. By stepwise regression analysis, the 3-variable model had the highest accuracy with the adjusted determination coefficient of 0.63, root mean square error of 0.21 and the normalized root mean square of error of 25.16%. The validation showed the determination coefficient of 0.60, root mean square error of 0.21 and the normalized root mean square of error of 23.35%. It indicated that the 3-variable model was well to estimate crop coefficient. The results provide a method support for crop coefficient estimation by UAV. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Soil moisture

Controlled terms: Antennas  -  Atmospheric temperature  -  Crops  -  Errors  -  Evapotranspiration  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Infrared devices  -  Irrigation  -  Mean square error  -  Moisture control   -  Plants (botany)  -  Regression analysis  -  Remote sensing  -  Stresses  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Uncontrolled terms: Adjusted determination coefficient  -  Crop coefficient  -  Determination coefficients  -  Leaf Area Index  -  Meteorological parameters  -  Simple ratio index  -  Spectral vegetation indices  -  Stepwise regression analysis

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Age 3.01e-01yr, Age 5.48e-03yr to 1.37e-02yr, Percentage 2.34e+01%, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Percentage 4.30e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 6.50e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 8.20e+01%, Size 1.20e+01m, Size 3.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. High dosage of pelletized straw returning rapidly improving soil organic carbon content and wheat-maize yield

Accession number: 20191906870436

Title of translation:

Authors: Cong, Ping (1); Li, Yuyi (1); Gao, Zhijuan (1); Wang, Jing (1); Zhang, Li (1); Pang, Huancheng (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China

Corresponding author: Pang, Huancheng(panghuancheng@caas.ac.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 148-156

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: There is a large straw production in the wheat-maize rotation system of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China, which increases the difficulty of straw utilization so that soil fertility cannot be effectively supplemented and the environmental pollution caused by straw burning is aggravated. In view of the difficulty of the large straw returning which is not conducive to rapidly improve soil fertility, the pelletized straw returning was created, which made the same area of farmland hold more straw. But it is unclear that if increasing the amount of pelletized straw has a positive effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) content. Therefore, the aim of this article was to explore the effects of the high and low straw return dosages on SOC content, SOC accumulation rate and soil nutrient elements ratio in 0-20, >20-40 and >40-60 cm soil layer and the yield of wheat-maize during the two-year trial period. Five kinds of straw managements were treated by 2-year field location test, including non-straw returning (CK), 12 000 kg/hm2 pelletized straw returning (KL1), 36 000 kg/hm2 pelletized straw returning (KL3), 12 000 kg/hm2 chopped straw returning (FS1), and 36 000 kg/hm2 chopped straw returning (FS3). Each straw treatment was a mixture of half wheat straw and half corn straw. The results showed that the SOCs in >20-40 and >40-60 cm soil layers were significantly affected by the 2-year straw returning. Among the four straw returning treatments, FS1 had the lowest increase, which was only 7.2% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 5.9% in >40-60 cm soil layer higher than that of CK, however, KL3 had the highest increase, which was 12.3% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 11.1% in >40-60 cm soil layer higher than that of CK. Compared with the chopped straw returning treatment, the pelletized straw returning treatment rapidly increased SOC content, which manifested that SOC content of KL3 was 1.7% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 1.3% in >40-60 cm soil layer higher than that of FS3 after 1-year straw returning, and SOC content of KL1 was 0.8% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 0.7% in >40-60 cm soil layer higher than that of FS1 after 1-year straw returning. In addition, high dosage straw returning had the advantage of improving SOC content greatly. Compared with the low dosage straw returning, FS3 increased SOC content by 1.7%-3.9% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 0.7%-3.8% in >40-60 cm soil layer, and KL3 increased SOC content by 2.4%-4.7% in >20-40 cm soil layer and 1.3%-5.1% in >40-60 cm soil layer. KL3 also had the higher SOC accumulation rate in each growing season, and the overall mean value was the highest among the five treatments. What’s more, KL3 improved soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (RCN), carbon-phosphorus ratio (RCP) and carbon-potassium ratio (RCK) to a certain extent, which indicated that high dosage pelletized straw returning promoted soil nutrient conversion to a higher fertility direction. In this experiment, KL3 significantly increased the wheat yield by 4.57% and 10.87%, the maize yield by 11.40% and 8.87%, respectively in the 2-year trial period. In a conclusion, 36 000 kg/hm2 pelletized straw deep returning is the most beneficial to promote the SOC in the Huang- Huai-Hai Plain, which has a great significance in solving the problem of soil “carbon starvation” and ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 41

Main heading: Soil pollution

Controlled terms: Nutrients  -  Organic carbon  -  Pelletizing  -  Soils  -  Straw  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Accumulation rates  -  Carbon starvation  -  Environmental pollutions  -  Nutrient elements  -  Pelletized  -  Soil organic carbon content  -  Straw management  -  Yield

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.00e+00yr, Age 2.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.23e+01%, Percentage 1.30e+00%, Percentage 1.30e+00% to 5.10e+00%, Percentage 1.70e+00%, Percentage 1.70e+00% to 3.90e+00%, Percentage 2.40e+00% to 4.70e+00%, Percentage 4.57e+00%, Percentage 5.90e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01% to 3.80e+00%, Percentage 7.00e-01%, Percentage 7.20e+00%, Percentage 8.00e-01%, Percentage 8.87e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Rice planting potential in plain-hill-wetland area estimated by nature-society water cycle model

Accession number: 20191906870435

Title of translation: ---

Authors: Gong, Xinglong (1); Fu, Qiang (1); Sun, Aihua (1); Guan, Yinghong (1); Wang, Bin (1); Li, Mo (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Corresponding author: Fu, Qiang(fuqiang@neau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 138-147

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: With the increasing of well irrigation for rice since the middle of 20 Century, planting area of plain-hill-wetland region has expanded rapidly over its planting potential. And this phenomenon has caused a series of problems, such as the shrinking of wetland area, the decline of groundwater level and the deterioration of water quality. In order to prevent these problems, a two element water cycle model should be constructed to reveal the water cycle mechanism of plain-hill-wetland area under the influence of human activities, and to calculate the suitable area of rice planting. A grid-based distributed hydrological model was constructed by numerical method. The absolute value of relative error between fitted and measured flood peak discharge was in the range of 1.71%-11.55%. The determination coefficient of flood process line was in the range of 0.67-0.85. It indicated that the model could well simulate the hydrological cycle process in the study area. And then a two element water cycle model was further constructed by embedding the influence of human activities. According to the threshold of rice planting potential, parameters such as the maximum groundwater depth and the maximum groundwater level drawdown were extracted. And 18 kinds of scenarios were constructed by different combinations of the parameters and crop species in dry land. The planting potential of paddy field under various scenarios was calculated using the two element model under the condition of satisfying the control threshold, according to mean annual rainfall, evaporation and scenarios. It is observed that the maximum groundwater depth was 5.17-7.49 m, the maximum groundwater level drawdown was 1.67-3.73 m, the maximum slope of the paddy field was in the range of 0.028-0.053, the river water division flow was 50%-70%, the ratio of groundwater extraction was 79%-112%, the rice planting potential was 2.836×105 hm2-5.412×105 hm2, the area from the dry land was 2.105×105 hm2- 4.032×105 hm2, and the area from the unused land was 5.68×104-1.109×105 hm2 for the 18 kinds of scenarios. Taking scenario 17 as an example, the river ecological water demand, groundwater depth and evaporation of dry land crops were tested during the growth stage of paddy fields. In the whole rice growing season, the groundwater depth was less than 7.12 m, and the minimum value of base flow ratio in the developed paddy field was 33.45%. The ratio of mean evaporation from dry land of subdivisions in scenario 17 to that under the same land use scenario in 1990 was in the range of 0.98-1.05. It indicated that the effect of scenario 17 on the river water and groundwater level in the rice growth period was within the control range, while the effect on the dry field was relatively small. Hence, the scenario 17 was the optimal one for application. Currently, the parameters such as hydrometeorology, hydrogeology, irrigation system and groundwater depth were not available. However, the water cycle model constructed in the present study could provide valuable information for describing the hydrological cycle process in plain-hill-wetland area and seeking the potential of paddy field development, based on the full use of the limited parameters. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 34

Main heading: Groundwater resources

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Deterioration  -  Evaporation  -  Flood control  -  Floods  -  Groundwater  -  Groundwater flow  -  Hydrogeology  -  Irrigation  -  Land use   -  Numerical methods  -  Rivers  -  Water levels  -  Water quality  -  Wetlands

Uncontrolled terms: Rice planting potential  -  Scenario  -  Society  -  Water cycle  -  Wetland area

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  442.1 Flood Control  -  444.2 Groundwater  -  445.2 Water Analysis  -  481.1 Geology  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.71e+00% to 1.16e+01%, Percentage 3.35e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 7.00e+01%, Percentage 7.90e+01% to 1.12e+02%, Size 1.67e+00m to 3.73e+00m, Size 5.17e+00m to 7.49e+00m, Size 7.12e+00m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Design of sulfur dioxide automatic control fumigation system for table grape preservation

Accession number: 20191906870450

Title of translation: SO2

Authors: Wei, Jia (1); Zhang, Zheng (1); Zhao, Fangfang (1); Chen, Yan (1); Zhang, Jian (1); Wu, Bin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Bin(xjuwubin0320@sina.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 260-268

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is the most efficient preservative in commercial storage of table grapes and there is no other substitute so far. But several problems have not been solved yet, such as incomplete sterilization to the grapes, formation of bleached spots and accumulation of phytotoxicity due to the inhomogeneous release of SO2. Many studies had been done to decrease the negative effects caused by excessive SO2. In order to achieve the on-line real-time monitoring, the SO2 concentration precisely control as well as recover SO2 during fumigation process, a SO2 fumigation automatic control equipment was designed in this paper. This equipment was composed of three parts: SO2 concentration control device, grape fumigation device and lye absorption device. These parts were systematically controlled under programmable logic controller (PLC). The SO2 concentration, fumigation temperature, humidity and pressure were all monitored through the Kingview 6.55 software. Multiple functions could be implemented by this software, such as real-time animation display, trend curve drawing, database query, report printing and so forth. The fumigation system was applied to measure the SO2 concentration, pressure and recovery of SO2 gas during the short-time SO2 fumigation to the ‘Munage’ grapes at (0±1) (RH=90%±5 %). The results showed that the error range of SO2 concentration was low, the maximum value of pressure deviation was 10 % and the SO2 recovery was above 99%. The SO2 concentrations of 2 000, 3 000 and 4 000 μL/L were achieved after 42, 88, and 203 s respectively after they were set the device control precision was 0.09 μL/L. That meant this equipment and control system were able to meet actual demand. The high-concentration-short-time SO2 fumigation technology was also studied in this article. The effects of different concentrations of SO2 (0, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000 and 5 000 μL/L), fumigation time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 min) and pressure (normal pressure, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06 MPa) on the postharvest quality of the ‘Munage’ grapes were discussed. The optimal SO2 fumigation condition was: concentration of SO2 was 3 000 μL/L, fumigation time was 10 min and the pressure was 0.05 MPa. Under this condition, the decline of the firmness was retarded and the browning index, decay rate, weight loss rate, drop rate and bleaching index were all decreased. Therefore, the postharvest quality of ‘Munage’ grapes was better maintained. The results showed that SO2 fumigation automatic control equipment could accurately achieve the real-time online monitoring of SO2 concentration, fumigation temperature, humidity and pressure at the same time. It could precisely control and quickly achieve the required SO2 concentration. The gas recovery device could rapidly absorb the SO2 residual which increased the safety of this fumigation equipment and the edible safety of grape was also improved as well. Compared with the untreated grapes, the grapes after high-concentration-short-time SO2 fumigation kept better postharvest quality. In general, SO2 fumigation automatic control equipment and control system had a potential application on postharvest fumigation of vegetable and fruit, in the meantime this study would provide the technology and equipment support to the grape industry. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Fumigation

Controlled terms: Automation  -  Bleaching  -  Cleaning  -  Control systems  -  Controllers  -  Decay (organic)  -  Energy storage  -  Humidity control  -  Oil field equipment  -  Process control   -  Quality control  -  Query processing  -  Recovery  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Sulfur dioxide

Uncontrolled terms: Concentration control  -  Fumigation process  -  Fumigation systems  -  Postharvest quality  -  Programmable logic controllers (PLC)  -  Real time monitoring  -  Real-time animations  -  Technology and equipments

Classification code: 511.2 Oil Field Equipment  -  525.7 Energy Storage  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  732.1 Control Equipment  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  811.1.1 Papermaking Processes  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa, Pressure 6.00e+04Pa, Time 2.03e+02s, Time 6.00e+02s, Time 7.20e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Long range low power sensor networks with LoRa sensor for large area fishery environment monitoring

Accession number: 20191906870438

Title of translation: LoRa

Authors: Zhang, Zheng (1); Cao, Shouqi (1); Zhu, Jianping (1); Chen, Jiapin (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) School of Electronics Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai; 200240, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 164-171

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The design of wireless monitoring system for fishery environment based on Internet of Things technology has become a research hotspot at present. Aiming at the characteristics of long monitoring period and large coverage area in applications of inshore fishery and large area aquaculture environment monitoring, -the long range low power sensor networks was designed based on LoRa technology-. Due to the expensive price and technology closedness of commercial LoRa gateway SX1301, a low cost open dual-channel gateway was designed, based on two LoRa SX1278 transceivers. Based on the hardware design of dual-channel gateway, a dual-channel synchronous communication scheme with adaptive data rate was proposed. Two LoRa SX1278 transceivers corresponded to two independent channels, namely periodic data channel 1 and special function channel 2. The periodic data channel was used to upload regular packets, data collecting cycle of which was divided into several periods using different spreading factor (SF). Each period was equally split into several slots to the nodes within the same distance range in which the spreading factor was the same. The special function channel 2 was used to upload urgent packets, join in network, and synchronize time. For urgent packets, the terminal nodes could directly upload by switching channel 2 without waiting for the allocated slot arriving, to improve the real-time response of the network system. The scheme fully took the advantage of the characteristics of multiple spreading factors based on LoRa. Different spreading factors was assigned to terminal nodes according to the distances to gateway automatically with the different received signal strength indication and signal noise ratio of the received packets to ensure network connectivity. The scheme was built into a custom Matlab simulator to evaluate the data collision ratio, communication delay and energy cost performance varying with the network size(number of terminal node). With the terminal nodes increasing to 100, the performance of proposed scheme was nearly constant; but the collision ratio with single channel and single spreading factor was nearly linearly increasing to 1, and energy cost increased much more. The field experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness and reliability in Dishui Lake in Shanghai. An application program(App) for Android mobile phone was developed for monitoring field data. Four terminal nodes with dissolved oxygen sensor and pH value sensor were deployed in different distance to gateway. To line-of-sight communication, the average delivery ratio of proposed scheme increased from 0.8 to 0.99 compared with single spreading factor. To the rapid communication with 10 s uploading interval, the average delivery ratio increased from 0.4 to 0.95 compared with single spreading factor of 12. The proposed scheme largely reduced the wireless channel collision probability, improving the real-time performance for urgent data and the average lifetime of terminals, while ensuring large coverage area of monitoring network by the MAC layer synchronization scheduling. The simulation and experiment results showed the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The designed sensor network system could cover a monitoring region with radius of 3 km, with the capacity of 100 terminal nodes and terminal node with 3600 mAh lithium battery could work for 1 a with the 10 min data uploading interval. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Gateways (computer networks)

Controlled terms: Application programs  -  Aquaculture  -  Costs  -  Dissolved oxygen  -  Fisheries  -  Image resolution  -  Lithium batteries  -  Low power electronics  -  MATLAB  -  Monitoring   -  Radio transceivers  -  Sensor nodes  -  Transceivers  -  Wireless sensor networks

Uncontrolled terms: Data rates  -  Internet of things technologies  -  Line of sight communications  -  LoRa  -  Received signal strength indication  -  Synchronous  -  Synchronous communications  -  Wireless monitoring system

Classification code: 702.1.1 Primary Batteries  -  716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Size 3.00e+03m, Time 6.00e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Continuous fusion algorithm analysis for multi-source remote sensing soil moisture data based on cumulative distribution fusion

Accession number: 20191906870434

Title of translation:

Authors: Yao, Xiaolei (1, 2); Yu, Jingshan (2); Sun, Wenchao (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing; 100048, China; (2) Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing; 100875, China

Corresponding author: Yu, Jingshan(jingshan@bnu.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 131-137

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: As an important grain-producing region, Songnen Plain located in Northeast China has been significantly affected by drought in recent years. Remote sensing soil moisture is one of the important indices for monitoring agricultural drought in large-scale farmland area. The time series length and update speed of remote sensing data are 2 important factors affecting its application. In 2009, satellite called SMOS (soil moisture and ocean salinity) was launched. As the first satellite dedicated to monitoring soil moisture of earth, daily updated SMOS soil moisture data have been proven to be suitable for the application in real-time drought monitoring and evaluation in many researches. In the field of agricultural drought management, drought characteristics and frequency analysis are basic contents of these researches. However, it is impossible to analyze the drought frequency and characteristic evolution by SMOS data, due to their short time series. CCI (climate change initiative) soil moisture data, which have a long time series (1979-2013), was combined with a variety of C-band scattered data and multi-frequency radiometer data. As a kind of historical data, CCI soil moisture product can make up for SMOS data to analyze the agricultural drought characteristics. Because of the difference of the sensors and the inversion methods, remote sensing data from different sources cannot be directly compared and analyzed. Therefore, data fusion becomes a hotspot and key issue in the application research of remote sensing data nowadays. Based on cumulative distribution matching principle, the key of data fusion is to establish the correlation between cumulative probability curves of different data. The work amount of traditional piecewise linear fusion method is proportional to the fusion accuracy. This linear method is difficult to process a number of data in batches with high precision. Unary interpolation can establish this correlation between any quantile on different cumulative probability distribution curves. Therefore, a continuous fusion algorithm of multi-source remote sensing soil moisture was built in this study. Using this continuous fusion method, SMOS and CCI data were fused to real-time remote sensing soil moisture data product with long time series characteristics with the Songnen Plain as the case. This study compared the fusion accuracy between this continuous fusion and piecewise linear fusion method. And the time series of original SMOS data and fused SMOS data was also analyzed. The analysis results indicate that this unary interpolation continuous fusion method can improve the fusion accuracy of multi-source remote sensing soil moisture significantly. Data segment of the cumulative probability distribution curve with low water content can characterize agricultural drought. By the piecewise linear fusion method, data segment of the cumulative probability distribution curve with low water content yet has some errors, which will lead to the inaccuracy of drought evaluation. By this new continuous fusion method, fused SMOS data and CCI data are completely coincident at each quantile in the low-value region of the curve. Through the accurate evaluation of drought events, the fused SMOS data can reflect local drought conditions. Through time series analysis, the range of fused SMOS data is closer to the CCI data, and the relative change pattern of original SMOS data still remains. This remote sensing fusion data combining the advantages of CCI and SMOS data can provide reliable data support for the next study of agricultural drought evaluation. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Soil surveys

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Climate change  -  Data fusion  -  Drought  -  Interpolation  -  Moisture control  -  Piecewise linear techniques  -  Probability distributions  -  Remote sensing  -  Soil moisture   -  Time series analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Characteristic evolution  -  Continuous algorithms  -  Cumulative distribution  -  Cumulative probabilities  -  Cumulative probability distribution curves  -  Drought characteristics  -  Remote sensing fusion  -  Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS)

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  444 Water Resources  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  731.3 Specific Variables Control  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  921.4 Combinatorial Mathematics, Includes Graph Theory, Set Theory  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Effect of temperature on preparation and characteristics of corn straw pellets torrefaction biochar

Accession number: 20191906870445

Title of translation:

Authors: Fan, Fangyu (1, 2); Li, Han (1); Xing, Xianjun (2)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming; 650224, China; (2) Advanced Energy Technology and Equipment Research Institute, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei; 230009, China

Corresponding author: Xing, Xianjun(xxianjun@mail.ustc.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 220-226

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: China is an agricultural country with huge corn planting area. According to data of the 2015 Statistical Yearbook of China, corn planting area was 37 million hectares in 2014, which produced about 225 million tons of corn stalk wastes. The large amount of corn stalk wastes are treated by incineration or landfill, resulting in serious environmental pollution and waste of resources. In order to solve these problems, curing molding, thermo-chemical conversion and biochemical conversion are used to prepare all kinds of biofuel (e.g. gas, bio-oil, and biochar). Preparation of biochar from corn straw pellets is an effective method by thermal conversion. The torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis mode between 200 and 350 which results in partial devolatilization of the solid biomass. Biochar pellets from the torrefaction technology have a considerable density, desirable hardness, and good hydrophobicity. Using biochar pellets reduces transport and investment costs for fuel storage and process feeding to greater extent than using biochar powder. Therefore, there are obvious advantages of lower equipment cost, simpler equipment system, and higher production efficiency when biomass pellets are pyrolyzed. In this paper, biochar pellets of corn straw were produced by the fixed bed pyrolysis at different temperature (250-400) at the heating rate of 10/min for a residence time of 30 min, with the N2 flow rate of 100 mL/min. Biochars were collected after the pyrolysis reaction, and their characteristics were analyzed. Characteristics of biochar pellets were analyzed by elemental analysis, proximate analysis, energy yield, mass yield, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, FTIR, SEM and K contents. With the increase of torrefaction temperature, the O content decreased, and the C content increased. The results caused the higher heating value of biochar increased and the mass yield and energy yield decreased. At 400, the higher heating value and energy yield of biochar pellets were 21.86 MJ/kg, 50.17%, respectively. The surface cracks of biochar pellets increased and the mechanical properties were reduced. The mechanical properties of biaochar at 350(CSP350) were better than that of biaochar at 400(CSP400), which was lower than that the raw corn straw pellets. But the mechanical properties of biochar pellets could meet the requirement for the use of storage and transportation. Biochar pellets showed good hydrophobicity, which benefitted their storage in outsides. Moreover, biochar pellets will not decay and disperse during storage. Analysis of FTIR indicated that dehydration, decarbonylation and demethylation occurred during torrefaction process of corn straw pellets, the cellulose and hemicellulose should be basically finished, and lignin began to pyrolyze. Analysis of SEM and BET showed that the pore size decreased and the surface area increased with the increase of temperature. The K content in biochar increased from 1.68% of raw pellets to 3.12% of CSP400. This phenomenon has an adverse effect on the combustion of biochar pellets, which is easy to slag in combustion furnace. In conclusion, the results showed that biochar pellets from corn straw could be used as biofuel, and the optimum preparation temperature was 300-350. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Pelletizing

Controlled terms: Biofuels  -  Calorific value  -  Cellulose  -  Chemical analysis  -  Digital storage  -  Fuel storage  -  Hydrophobicity  -  Investments  -  Mechanical properties  -  Plants (botany)   -  Pore size  -  Pyrolysis  -  Slags  -  Straw  -  Waste incineration

Uncontrolled terms: Bio chars  -  Cellulose and hemicellulose  -  Environmental pollutions  -  Pellet  -  Preparation temperatures  -  Storage and transportations  -  Thermochemical Conversion  -  Torrefaction

Classification code: 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  694.4 Storage  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.68e+00%, Percentage 3.12e+00%, Percentage 5.02e+01%, Specific_Energy 2.19e+07J/kg, Time 1.80e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Effects of food additives on physicochemical properties of high moisture extrusion textured composite protein

Accession number: 20191906870454

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Yanxiang (1, 2); Tan, Bin (2); Liu, Ming (2); Tian, Xiaohong (2); Zheng, Xianzhe (1); Wang, Liping (2); Wu, Nana (2); Gao, Kun (2); Zhai, Xiaotong (2); Liu, Jinming (3); Sun, Yong (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China; (2) Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing; 100037, China; (3) College of Information and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China

Corresponding author: Sun, Yong(Sunyong740731@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 294-302

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: High moisture textured protein is a kind of meat analog made by high moisture extrusion technology, which has a multi-layered and fibrous structure, and is regarded as a new product to utilize wheat protein. There were a lot of factors could effect on properties of high moisture textured protein, which included the process operation parameter, protein composition, types of plant proteins, and additives. In order to solve the problems of weak meat taste and poor meat textured structure of the high moisture extrusion textured composite protein, this paper took wheat gluten as the main raw material, and the effects of additives (soybean phospholipid, carrageenan, sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and L-cysteine) on the textured properties of compound protein by using high-moisture double-screw extrusion technology was studied, and the differences of the texture characteristics between high moisture extrusion textured composite protein and the commercial cooked meat were also discussed. Results showed that different types and the addition quantity of additives had different effects on properties of high moisture extrusion textured composite protein, where adding soybean phospholipid or carrageenan both was not conducive to form the network fiber structure. Adding 0.5% sodium chloride, a*, b*, the texturing degree, and the sensory score all increased, which improved the fiber structure of the textured compound protein. Increasing its addition level, the color changed without any difference, and the texturizing degree, the hardness and the chewiness were all decreased. Adding 0.2%-0.4% sodium bicarbonate, L*, the texturing degree and the sensory score all increased, while the hardness and the chewiness all decreased. Increasing its addition level, L*, b*, the texturing degree, the hardness, the chewiness and the sensory score all decreased. Adding L-cysteine, L* and b* decreased, a*, the hardness and the chewiness increased. When adding 0.03%-0.09% L-cysteine, the texturizing degree, the hardness and the chewiness all increased, and the sensory score changed without any difference. Evaluated the correlation of each index, which showed that the sensory score had positive correlation with the texturing degree and the adhesiveness (P © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Textures

Controlled terms: Additives  -  Adhesives  -  Amino acids  -  Carbonates  -  Extrusion  -  Food additives  -  Hardness  -  Meats  -  Moisture  -  Phospholipids   -  Physicochemical properties  -  Proteins  -  Sodium bicarbonate  -  Sodium chloride  -  Structural properties

Uncontrolled terms: Addition quantity  -  Fibrous structures  -  High moisture  -  Positive correlations  -  Protein composition  -  Soybean phospholipids  -  Texture characteristics  -  Textured composites

Classification code: 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  822.3 Food Products  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.00e-01% to 4.00e-01%, Percentage 5.00e-01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Development of autonomous driving transfer trolley on field roads and its visual navigation system for hilly areas

Accession number: 20191906870425

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yunwu (1); Xu, Junjie (1); Wang, Mingfeng (1); Liu, Dexiong (2); Sun, Hongwei (1); Wang, Xiaojuan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China; (2) Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Hilly and Mountainous Regions, Chongqing; 400716, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 52-61

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In hilly areas, it is difficult to realize mechanized transportation with high safety for agricultural products and materials due to constraints of natural conditions. With the gradually decreasing of rural labor force, farmers in hilly areas urgently need highly automatic field road transfer trolley to reduce the amount of labor required to transport agricultural products and to increase productivity. In this paper, an autonomous driving transfer trolley with visual navigation system for hilly areas were developed and studied. The transfer trolley mainly consisted of drive and brake system, control system, autonomous navigation system, ultrasonic radar obstacle detection system and automatic steering system. The autonomous navigation system included a RTK-GNSS (real-time kinematic-global navigation satellite system) and a machine vision module. The RTK-GNSS functions as road coordinate information collecting, real-time positioning and path planning, the machine vision module functions as field road identifying and path tracking line extracting. To avoid the effect of incorrect positioning resulted from occasional GNSS signal outages due to obstacles such as trees and crops along both sides of the field road, autonomous guidance was implemented by the machine vision module at the non-intersection segments of the road, while it was implemented by the RTK-GNSS at the intersection segments of the road. According to the features of field road with large curvature and fluctuation, in the global path planning, an improved A* algorithm was presented through adjusting the evaluation function by introducing the curvature at intersection nodes and fluctuation information of the road into cost function. In the field road image processing, in order to better distinguish the road area from its surroundings, V component of HSV (hue-saturation-value) color space was used for image segmentation, and S component and V component, after point operating, were fused by weighted method to identify the shadows on the road. Then the shadow regions were combined with the segmented road region. After obtaining the accurate road region in the image, the region was divided into 12 blocks and the centroid points of each block were extracted and smoothed to form a virtual line which was taken as the autonomous navigation line on the road. According to driving speed of the transfer trolley, points on the navigation line were selected as targets for preview tracking control, and a fusion method of front wheel steering angle was used to realize the transition between 2 sequential images. A global path planning simulation test based on actual field road network information was performed to compare the results between the improved A* algorithm and the Dijkstra algorithm. The simulation results showed that: compared with the Dijkstra algorithm, the accumulated altitude change of the path planned by the improved A* algorithm reduced 29.87%, and the total energy consumption of the transfer trolley through the path reduced 29.4% accordingly. Therefore, the improved A* algorithm was more suitable for field roads with large curvature and fluctuation and the corresponding planed path was more reasonable. An actual driving test on a 1.2 m wide field road was carried out. The transfer trolley was set to automatic driving with a constant speed of 2 m/s. To survey the deviation between the autonomous travel trajectory and the actual midline of the road under various conditions in hilly areas, 3 types of field roads, namely straight, complex multi-curvature and fluctuating roads, were selected as test roads. The autonomous driving test showed that: the mean deviations between the actual midline of the road and the automatic travel trajectory on straight roads, multi-curvature complex roads and undulating roads were 0.031, 0.069 and 0.092 m, and the maximum deviations were 0.133, 0.195 and 0.212 m, respectively. Taking the distance from road edge to road centerline as the calculating basis, the average relative errors of the transfer trolley, automatic traveling along the road centerline of these 3 roads, were 5.16%, 11.5% and 15.3%, respectively, the autonomous visual navigation system meeted the safety requirements of autonomous driving transfer trolley on field roads in hilly areas. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Intelligent vehicle highway systems

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Agricultural products  -  Automobile drivers  -  Complex networks  -  Computer vision  -  Cost functions  -  Energy utilization  -  Global positioning system  -  Image segmentation  -  Materials handling   -  Motion planning  -  Navigation  -  Obstacle detectors  -  Roads and streets  -  Surveys  -  Tracking radar  -  Ultrasonic applications  -  Visual servoing

Uncontrolled terms: Autonomous navigation  -  Autonomous navigation systems  -  Front wheel steering angles  -  Global Navigation Satellite Systems  -  Hilly areas  -  RTK-GNSS  -  Transfer trolley  -  Visual navigation systems

Classification code: 406.1 Highway Systems  -  406.2 Roads and Streets  -  432 Highway Transportation  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  716.2 Radar Systems and Equipment  -  722 Computer Systems and Equipment  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  753.3 Ultrasonic Applications  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.53e+01%, Percentage 2.94e+01%, Percentage 2.99e+01%, Percentage 5.16e+00%, Size 1.20e+00m, Size 1.95e-01m, Size 2.12e-01m, Size 6.90e-02m, Size 9.20e-02m, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Design and implementation of cloud storage system for farmland internet of things based on NoSQL database

Accession number: 20191906870439

Title of translation: NoSQL

Authors: Xu, Xin (1, 2); Shi, Lei (1); He, Long (1); Zhang, Hao (1, 2); Ma, Xinming (1, 2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information and Management Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) Henan Grain Crops Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (3) HHH Science Observation and Experiment Station of Agricultural Information Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou; 450002, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Hao(zhanghaohnnd@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 35

Issue: 1

Issue date: January 1, 2019

Publication year: 2019

Pages: 172-179

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of storing large amounts of structured and unstructured data, such as images, video and sensors and so on, and real-time processing and writing, a data cloud storage system for farmland Internet of Things (IOT) with mass storage, high performance and easy expansion is constructed. Based on Hadoop platform, in this paper, we constructed a massive farmland IOT data cloud storage system by combining the characteristics of farmland IOT data, using distributed storage and NoSQL(Not Only SQL) technology. From the security, reliability, efficient reading and writing, data conversion, transaction processing, small file processing, cache strategy, load balancing and other issues of the system, HDFS was used to store unstructured data such as pictures and videos in the farmland IOT system, HBase was used to store structured data such as meteorology and moisture in the farmland IOT system, Redis was used in cache servers. Three layers of data cloud storage architecture for IOT were designed. The system classifies and processes video, image, text and structured data. For large video block storage, small file image packaging and merging storage, text classification and conversion strategy, unstructured data were written to HDFS, structured data were written to HBase, and Redis was used as the system cache to realize the data of the IOT writing and reading business. In distributed cluster environment, the reliability of cross-line transaction and long transaction processing was restricted. It was difficult to process cross-line transaction and long transaction accurately and orderly, and it was difficult to ensure data consistency in complex services such as massive data analysis. In this paper, a distributed transaction mechanism based on optimistic lock was designed. The transaction processing module cooperates with the HLock(optimistic lock) structure to control the state of the transaction. The NTP server guarantees the uniqueness of the transaction timestamp. The transaction ACID features, including reading and writing data, were solved. HBase’s strong transactional support has been tested to improve query efficiency by 35.75% compared with traditional MySQL clusters when the data level was 5 million. Thus, NoSQL-based structured data storage scheme was feasible in dealing with high concurrent massive data scenarios. In order to solve the problem of a large number of small pictures and small files in the farmland IOT, the sampled pictures were packaged and measured. The “SequenceFile” technology was used to merge multiple pictures into a “Block” to realize the strategy of merging and storing small files. Fast index reading, compared with the original HDFS storage reading and writing efficiency, image file storage reading and writing efficiency improved by more than 30%. Therefore, based on the “SequenceFile” file merging technology, image file name design and index optimization strategy, it was suitable for large-scale image storage scene in the farmland IOT. The system had been applied to the monitoring system of farmland IOT in China Henan Province. It was distributed in more than 60 monitoring stations in Changge, Huaxian, Luohe and Fangcheng counties and cities, providing real-time data for storage, management and visualization, and considering the incorporation of more sensors and monitoring stations, the system was in good working order. In summary, based on Hadoop platform and NoSQL technology, we designed a massive farmland IOT data storage model, designed and implements the key technologies such as data reading and writing, transaction, picture packaging, index, load balancing module, and develops a massive farmland IOT data storage, management system. Based on NoSQL massive farmland IOT data storage scheme suitable for the storage and management needs of the IOT massive, real-time data, for farmland IOT storage transaction consistency, small file processing and other issues, for massive agricultural IOT data storage solutions. It can combine distributed computing and machine learning technology to compute the data of IOT in real time and provide real-time operation and decision-making services for agricultural production. © 2019, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Information management

Controlled terms: Balancing  -  Classification (of information)  -  Data storage equipment  -  Data visualization  -  Decision making  -  Digital storage  -  Distributed computer systems  -  Efficiency  -  Engineering education  -  Farms   -  Image enhancement  -  Internet of things  -  Learning systems  -  Management  -  Merging  -  Metadata  -  Monitoring  -  Query processing  -  Storage management  -  Text processing   -  Video signal processing

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural productions  -  Cloud storages  -  Design and implementations  -  Hadoop  -  HBase  -  Internet of Things (IOT)  -  Machine learning technology  -  NoSQL

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  716.4 Television Systems and Equipment  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  722.4 Digital Computers and Systems  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  901.2 Education  -  903.1 Information Sources and Analysis  -  912.2 Management  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 3.58e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2019.01.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village