<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20191706819512
Title:Mixing stages distinguishing of steamed bread dough with changes of gluten protein property and structure
Title of translation:依据面筋蛋白质构变化划分馒头面团调制阶段研究
Authors:Liu, Changhong (1); Du, Yunhao (1); Wang, Lutong (1); Zhang, Huang (2); Wang, Yuanhui (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Henan University of Technology/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat & Corn Further Processing, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (2) Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou; 450044, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:238-242
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The changes of gluten property were studied during dough mixing in order to indicate different stages of dough mixing in steamed bread process. As a kind of typical wheat flour for Chinese steamed bread, the special first class flour was used as raw material in this experiment. A small-sized mixer was used as mixing machine to prepare the steamed bread dough. During the dough mixing, the contents of gluten, gluten index, disulfide bond and free mercapto group, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic force, the peristalsis recovery and hardness changes of the dough were measured and analyzed. As a very important factor on steamed bread quality, the gluten content and gluten index would observably influence dough's physical behavior, such as gas-holding capacity, elasticity and extensibility etc. The gluten construction and extension would relate to some intermolecular force, such as disulfide bond, free mercapto group, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic force and so on. As the factors determining the extensibility and gas-holding capacity of steamed bread, peristalsis recovery and hardness of dough should be taken as important basis of dough properties in different stirring period. The results showed that: In the mixing procedure, some dough properties would increase before the first stage and then decease at last stage such as gluten content, gluten index, disulfide bond content, hydrogen bonding, and hardness of the dough. On the opposite, some factors of the dough would rise after falling such as free mercapto, hydrophobic force and peristalsis recovery quantity. Compared with gluten content peak (8 min), the gluten index peak (6 min) was a little bit forward. And gluten quantity and quality could not absolutely match only one of the intermolecular forces (disulfide bond, free mercapto group, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic force). So the gluten formation should be decided by several intermolecular forces altogether. The hardness changes of dough would be similar to gluten index. According to the test result above and the product features of steamed bread, the dough mixing could be divided into 4 important stirring stages: 1) Material blending and water absorption period. In the beginning (original 4 min in this experiment) agitating, the dough would come into being, and gluten would start to form, and the hardness of dough was increasing; 2) Gluten forming period. In this period (4 min to 8min in this experiment) agitating after the water absorption of flour and the formation of dough, protein would absorb much water and form gluten more and more, and the gluten content, hydrogen bonding and hardness would reach maximum, and the crude dough was becoming fine and smooth; 3) Gluten expansion period. In this period (8 min to 18 or 20 min in this experiment) agitating after gluten forming, the hardness of dough would decrease gradually, and dough peristalsis kept very low degree, and dough extensibility reached best state; 4) Gluten breaking period. Stirring over the gluten expansion (after 20 or 22 min), the dough would start to produce water, become sticky and soft, and the gluten content and hydrogen bonding would reduce quickly, and peristalsis would increase obviously. It was suggested that: If the dough need fermentation (first mixing in two times mixing process), the dough agitating should be kept in second period. And if the dough directly went to shaping and proofing stage after mixing, the best situation of dough should be in the third period.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Hydrogen bonds
Controlled terms:Blending - Bonding - Covalent bonds - Expansion - Food processing - Food products - Hardness - Hydrophobicity - Mixing - Molecules - Physical properties - Proteins - Recovery - Sulfur compounds - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Bread dough - Chinese steamed breads - Gluten - Hydrophobic forces - Inter-molecular forces - Material blending - Physical behaviors - Property
Classification code:801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 822.3 Food Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 931.3 Atomic and Molecular Physics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Time 1.20e+03s, Time 1.32e+03s, Time 2.40e+02s, Time 2.40e+02s to 4.80e+02s, Time 3.60e+02s, Time 4.80e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20191706819506
Title:Experiment on optimization on discharge time of torpedo screen filter
Title of translation:鱼雷网式过滤器排污时间优化试验研究
Authors:Abulimiti, Alifujiang (1, 2, 3); Tumaerbai, Hudan (1); Yusaiyin, Mulati (1, 2); Aikebaier, Ayiguli (3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) Xinjiang Xinshui Modern Water Resources Engineering Company, Ltd, Urumqi; 830019, China; (3) Xinjiang Su Qi Agricultural Water Saving Planning and Design Research Institute, Urumqi; 830049, China
Corresponding author:Tumaerbai, Hudan(hudant@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:192-199
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Discharge time is an important functional parameter of filter. Discharge time affects the normal operation of micro-irrigation system and the irrigation quality of field crops. If the discharge time is too long, it will lead to waste of water source and influence the uniformity of drip water. If it is too short, the filter will not be able to discharge effectively. Therefore, it is very important to determine the optimal and practical discharge time of the filter in micro-irrigation system. Through repeated experiments and theoretical calculation methods, experimental study was carried out on discharge time of torpedo screen filter (screen mesh were 80 and 120). Under the test condition of 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.1 MPa of set differential pressures, two groups with different influent sediment content were used to carry out the test. The results show that, the variation of sediment content with discharge time is basically the same under the conditions as influent flow of 300 m³/h, different preset pressure difference and different sediment content condition. The initial drainage sediment concentration and peak value of drainage sediment concentration occur while influent sediment content was high. For 80 mesh and 120 mesh filter, the drainage time of reaching to the stable sediment content is approximately same, which is mainly related to the thickness of the sediment particles used in the test, the adhesive strength of the cake formed on the inner surface of the filter net, the time required for the discharge of the coarse sediment particles from the torpedo parts, influent sediment content and the sediment content in the sewage discharge. The peak time of sediment content is about 10 s as the discharge time continues, when the discharge time is close to 10 seconds, a thick stream of sewage will flow out from the end of the sewage pipe, which shows that the thicker silt cake on the inner surface of the filter screen is carried into the sewage pipe by high pressure and high speed flow. The inflection point of discharge curve occurs when the discharge time reaches 15 s, the sediment on the inner surface of the filter screen is getting smaller, so the sediment content of the sewage decreases sharply. The sediment content of sewage is basically stable within 40-50 s. Through theoretical analysis, discharge time calculation method of the torpedo screen filter was derived. The method for calculating the discharge time of torpedo filter is an expression based on the traditional self-cleaning filter, considering the sand removal function of torpedo parts, it is necessary to adjust it properly. The theoretical discharge time calculated by this method is in the range of 40-70 s (for 80 mesh filter) and 20-70 s (for 120 mesh filter), which is basically close to the optimum discharge time of 40-50 s obtained by the test. The theoretical discharge time is close to the discharge time 40-50 s, which is obtained by experiment. Combined with experimental research and theoretical analysis, it is determined that the optimum discharge time of torpedo screen filter is 40-50 s.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Filtration
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Crops - Filters (for fluids) - Irrigation - Mesh generation - Pressure - Sedimentation - Sediments - Sewage - Torpedoes
Uncontrolled terms:Differential pressures - Discharge time - Experimental research - Experimental study - Microirrigation systems - Self-cleaning filters - Theoretical analysis - Theoretical calculations
Classification code:404.1 Military Engineering - 452.1 Sewage - 483 Soil Mechanics and Foundations - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.1 Mechanics
Numerical data indexing:Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Time 1.00e+01s, Time 1.50e+01s, Time 2.00e+01s to 7.00e+01s, Time 4.00e+01s to 5.00e+01s, Time 4.00e+01s to 7.00e+01s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20191706819509
Title:Water-salt transfer and spatial-temporal distribution characteristics in takyric solonetz land in Ningxia
Title of translation:宁夏龟裂碱土水盐运移及时空分布特征
Authors:Yang, Jun (1); Ma, Yan (1); Sun, Zhaojun (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan; 750021, China; (2) Institute of Environmental Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan; 750021, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Zhaojun(sunzhaojunyx@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:214-221
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Takyric solonetz land, a typical subclass of alkali soil, is widely distributed in the North of Yinchuan Plain of Ningxia province, West Hetao Plain and north Xinjiang desert steppe in China. Due to the hard soil texture, poor permeability and difficult improvement, it has become the main factor severely affecting the development of local agriculture, and is expected to bring threat to the regional food security in the future. More and more improvement techniques have been developed to achieve a sustainable utilization of saline-alkali waste land, but the salt-water spatial and temporal distribution characteristics in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land remains unknown. We conducted 3a field comparative experiments to analyze the water-salt spatial and temporal distribution under natural conditions in newly reclaimed takyric solonetz land at the farmland of Xidatan, Ningxia, China, which located in 106°24'209″E, 38°50'289″N. The results showed that: the soil moisture content was minimality in 0-20 cm soil, and its coefficient variation was maximum. Moisture content in 80-100 cm soil was larger, and its coefficient variation was smaller. Soil total salt and alkalinity variability were great, and which the spatial distribution were uneven. The variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 20-40 cm soil were respectively 51.2% and 60.4%, and the variation coefficients of soil total salt and alkalinity in 40-100 cm soil was less. The soil total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm soil were the largest, and the soil total salt and alkalinity of 20-100 cm soil were reduced layer by layer. The moisture content of 0-40 cm soil varied greatly with the season, the change range of 40-100 cm soil was relatively stable, and the soil moisture content decreased year by year. Total salt and alkalinity of 0-20 cm was significantly higher than other soil layers. Soil desalination and salt accumulation in the soil layer 0-40 cm were alternating, salt change was active, and the soil total salt and alkalinity were increasing year by year. Soil mainly contains Na<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, SO<inf>4</inf><sup>2-</sup> and HCO<inf>3</inf><sup>-</sup> at 0-100 cm depth. Alkalinity and salt content at the 0-60 cm depth varied greatly among seasons.Soil moisture content gradually increased from the top soil layer (0 cm) to the deep soil layer (100 cm). These results will also provide a technical support for salt-water management of the newly reclaimed takyric solonetz farmlands, and a guide for the sustainable development and utilization of wasteland takyric solonetz land.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:24
Main heading:Soil surveys
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Desalination - Farms - Food supply - Irrigation - Landforms - Moisture determination - pH - Reclamation - Saline water - Soil moisture - Spatial distribution - Textures - Water management
Uncontrolled terms:Comparative experiments - Development and utilizations - Salinity - Space distribution - Spatial and temporal distribution - Spatial-temporal distribution - Sustainable utilization - Water transportation
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 481.1 Geology - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 5.12e+01%, Percentage 6.04e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 2.00e-01m to 4.00e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m, Size 8.00e-01m to 1.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20191706819484
Title:Effects of temperature on production of volatile fatty acids in mesophilic anaerobic fermentation of swine wastewater and its cause analysis
Title of translation:温度对养殖废水厌氧发酵初期产酸的影响及其原因分析
Authors:Shi, Fengmei (1, 2, 3); Xu, Hongtao (1, 2, 3); Lu, Binyu (1, 2, 3); Pei, Zhanjiang (1, 2, 3); Wang, Su (1, 2, 3); Gao, Yabing (1, 2, 3); Liu, Jie (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) Rural Energy Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin; 150086, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Harbin; 150086, China; (3) Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Energy Utilization of Main Crop Straw Resources, Harbin; 150086, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Jie(Liujie1677@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:42-47
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a way of resource utilization of livestock farming wastewater, the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from swine wastewater by anaerobic fermentation has attracted more and more attention. But the production process of VFAs from swine wastewater by anaerobic fermentation anaerobic is necessary to be studied in depth. Temperature is one of the important parameters in the VFAs production process. In order to understand the VFAs production process of swine wastewater thoroughly, the effect of fermentation temperature on the yield of VFAs from swine wastewater were studied in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactors heated in a thermostat water bath at the temperature of 25, 30, 35 and 40℃, respectively. The anaerobic fermentation slurry was sampled hourly within 12 h and the samples were taken once a day. The concentration of VFAs was then measured with chemical titration method. The results exhibit that the fermentation temperature affects the VFAs concentration of the system. The concentration of VFAs in the swine wastewater system under mesophilic anaerobic conditions became stable in 8 h. The maximum concentration of VFAs decreased, but the time for VFAs to reach stable became shorter when the fermentation temperature increased from 25 to 40℃. It meant that the lower fermentation temperature was favourable to yield VFAs, but higher fermentation temperature shortened the span of VFAs production process. The 16rsDNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes of bacterial community structure in acclimated inoculated sludge in the anaerobic system at different fermentation temperatures. It was found that the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Synergistia and methanogens (including Methanobacteria and Methanomicrobia) which were common microbial communities could be found in anaerobic environment and Clostridia is the dominant bacterium followed by Bacteroidia in all acclimated inoculated sludge samples at different temperatures. The relative abundance of the mixed microbial culture significantly changed at different temperature and it reflected a significant shift in microbial community structure. When the acclimation temperature of anaerobic sludge increased from 25 to 40℃, the abundance of Bacteroidia decreased, while the abundance of Clostridia, Bacilli and Synergistia increased. The different suitable living environmental temperature for each bacteria could explain the change of the microbial community abundance in the acclimated inoculated sludge. When the temperature was 25℃, it was suitable for Bacteroidia to grow and reproduce, which could use carbohydrates in the system and produce small molecule acids quickly. The temperature was unfavorable to the survival of Synergistia. The VFAs accumulation occured under the combined effect of acidify bacteria and fatty acid-utilizing bacteria. When the temperate increasing, the number of cellulose-degrading bacteria increased, and the hydrolysis rate of cellulose was accelerated. However, the number of bacteria such as Synergistia which could use VFAs also increased. As a result, the concentration of VFAs in the system was reduced and the acid-producing time was shortened. These results meant the increase of temperature could promote the degradation of cellulose in the anaerobic system and the VFAs production rate.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Volatile fatty acids
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Bacteria - Batch reactors - Biodegradation - Cellulose - Fermentation - Mammals - Temperature - Titration - Wastewater
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation slurry - Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors - Bacterial community structure - Cellulose degrading bacteria - High-throughput sequencing - Microbial community structures - Pig breeding - Volatile fatty acids (VFAs)
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control
Numerical data indexing:Time 2.88e+04s, Time 4.32e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20191706819491
Title:Study on optimal technology of methane production by sequencing batch dry anaerobic digestion with corn straw and cattle manure
Title of translation:序批式玉米秸秆牛粪混合厌氧干发酵产甲烷工艺优化研究
Authors:Yu, Jiadong (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Feng, Jing (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Huang, Kaiming (1); Luo, Juan (1); Wei, Shimeng (1); Chen, Jiankun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:86-92
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The resources of agricultural waste are huge in China. With the improvement of agricultural intensive level, the collection resources of straw, livestock manure are relatively concentrated, which creates appropriate conditions for the application of sequencing batch dry anaerobic digestion (SBD-AD) technology to produce methane. However, the development of the SBD-AD full scale biogas plant is slow and rare in China, and the technology is still immature, especially the influence of key factors on the fermentation characteristics and their interaction relationship are still unexplored, which limits the effect of process optimization. On the basis of previous studies, the key factors affecting methane production in the SBD-AD, such as spray frequency, inoculum concentration and feedstock ratio, were determined. In this paper, the characteristics of methane production and the formation of intermediate products by the SBD-AD using corn stalk (CS)-cow dung (CD) mixture under the three key factors were studied. The result showed that the effect of spray frequency and inoculum concentration on methane production was different under different feedstock ratio. When the total solid content (TS) ratio of CS to CD was 3:7, there was a significant negative correlation between spray frequency and methane yield (P<0.05). Increasing spray frequency could increase significantly methane production, which occurred in the 5:5 of TS ratio of CS to CD. When the TS ratio of CS was further increased (CS:CD of 7:3), methane production could be significantly promoted by increasing inoculum concentration and decreasing spraying frequency. The contribution rate of feedstock ratio in the SBD-AD process reached 61%, and the TS ratio of cow dung was increased (CS:CD of 3:7). The spraying frequency was controlled at 6 h interval, the inoculum concentration was 30%, and the methane yield was 135.7 L/kg. The total content and components of intermediate products were significantly affected by the changes of key factors (P<0.05) during the period of rapid increase of methane production (the 7<sup>th</sup>-20<sup>th</sup> days). The accumulation of propionic acid was above 350 mg/L resulted in the decrease of methane production in the SBD-AD system, while the increase of ammonia nitrogen (NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N) concentration was beneficial to the increase of methane production. The highest concentration of NH<inf>4</inf><sup>+</sup>-N reached 854.37 mg/L, which did not cause ammonia inhibition. It is necessary to optimize organic acid components, accelerate its transformation, and improve the buffer capacity and the number of microorganisms to increase methane production in the SBD-AD system. This study provides theoretical guidance for large-scale farms to treat agricultural wastes via the batch dry anaerobic digestion technology.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Feedstocks - Fertilizers - Manures - Methane - Optimization - Propionic acid - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia inhibition - Dry anaerobic digestions - Inoculum concentrations - Interaction relationship - Intermediate product - Methane production - Negative correlation - Total solid content
Classification code:804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 3.50e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.54e-01kg/m3, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 6.10e+01%, Specific_Volume 1.36e-01m3/kg, Time 2.16e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20191706819486
Title:Construction and development countermeasures for pastoral ecosystem construction in Zhejiang Province
Title of translation:浙江省田园生态系统建设及发展对策
Authors:Wang, Jiuchen (1); Song, Chengjun (1); Shi, Zuliang (1); Sun, Renhua (1); Wang, Fei (1); Jia, Tao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Comprehensive Laboratory for Resource Recycling Technology and Model of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Fei(reeawangfei@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:55-59
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The pastoral ecosystem is an important component of the whole natural ecosystem, its ecosystem service function is diversified and irreplaceable. Construction of pastoral ecosystem is the key reform task for the green development of agriculture in China. It is an important part of the construction of ecological civilization in China and an important gripper for the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization. Opinions on the innovating institutional mechanism to promote the green development of agriculture pointed out that China will develop the pastoral ecosystem with the combination of crop-animal combined production, ecological cycle, beautiful environment. The important position for restoration and conservation of pastoral ecosystems is further clarified in the green development of agriculture in China. Being a big province of agricultural green development, Zhejiang province has carried out work exploration about more than 20 years. Based on in-depth investigations, the study assessed the progress for construction and management of pastoral ecosystem in Zhejiang province. Zhejiang province pays attention to top-level design, introduces the forced mechanism, implements precise subsidy, and innovating technology, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of the pastoral ecosystem. The results showed that 1) The preliminary ecological recycling agricultural system, including 110 eco-agricultural demonstration zones and 1000 demonstration subjects and more than 10 000 eco-beautiful pastures, has established. Its total area was 100 000 hm<sup>2</sup>, the three stage recycling pattern of "small circulation of main body, circulation in the park, and great circulation in the county" has formed. 2) The level of farmland environmental management has been significantly improved; zero growth and continuous reduction of pesticide and chemical fertilizer use have been achieved in Zhejiang Province. The utilization rates of livestock and poultry manure, crop straw, waste fungus rods from edible fungi and waste agricultural film reached 96%, 92%, 90% and 89% respectively, and the utilization rate of clean energy in rural areas reached 79%, formed the daily cleaning mechanism of farmland. 3) Effective protection and utilization of pastoral biological resources not only created pastoral landscape, but also improved pastoral infrastructure and promotes organic links between agricultural production, processing and service industries, promoted the fusion of eco-environment, industry and living in Zhejiang Province, promote the park transforming into scenic area, the pastoral transforming into garden, raised the pastoral value. The enormously positive progress in Zhejiang province have been made in industrialization of ecological agriculture, classification and recycling of input package, conservation and utilization of biological diversity and green subsidy system. However, restricted by lack of theoretical and technical basis for the government and operating entities, the overall development is still in the groping stage, the common problems such as low standardization, imperfect market mechanism and weak brand construction need to be solved urgently. We propose that the theoretical system and technical system of the pastoral ecosystem should be thoroughly studied and perfected, and then the top-level design scheme is formed and issued in time. On the other hand, in order to establish and improve the institutional mechanism, we suggested that pilot program for the construction of pastoral ecosystem are carried out, in order to construct system both green production technology and environmental management for pastoral ecosystem, launched legislation for ecological recycling agriculture, perfected the mechanism of industrial construction and market operation for the idyllic ecosystem.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Ecosystems
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Commerce - Crops - Ecology - Environmental management - Environmental technology - Farms - Fertilizers - Recycling - Rural areas - Sustainable development
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Chemical fertilizers - Development countermeasures - Ecological agricultures - Ecosystem service functions - Industrial construction - Innovating technologies - Protection and utilizations
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 454 Environmental Engineering - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 2.00e+01yr, Percentage 7.90e+01%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20191706819488
Title:Effect of different allocations of wet-dry feeders and drinkers on production performance and water saving of finishing pigs
Title of translation:不同饲喂器和饮水器配置对育肥猪生产性能和节水的影响
Authors:Wang, Meizhi (1, 2); Xue, Xiaoliu (1); Liu, Jijun (1, 2); Wang, Wenfeng (3); Han, Mengmeng (4); Yi, Lu (1); Wu, Zhonghong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) COFCO Meat Investment Co. Ltd., Beijing; 100020, China; (4) Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing; 102206, China
Corresponding author:Wu, Zhonghong(wuzhh@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:66-72
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the development of big sized finishing pigs rearing under commercial conditions in China, farmers were looking for the suitable allocations of wet-dry feeders and drinkers to save water and feed. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of new allocations of wet-dry feeders and drinkers on performance and water saving of finishing pigs compared with conventional allocations. The experiment was arranged with 4 replications for each treatment and 60 pigs per group (each group was made up of two pig pens). The experimental group new allocations: CS - stainless steel dry-wet feeder with 4 spaces, and there was a fence between two feeder spaces; 2 nipple drinkers were setup above the feeder, pigs could eat wet-dry feed of their free will. 2 cup drinkers in the two pens (1 for each pen) were named supplementary drinkers. The control group conventional allocations: Plastic dry-wet feeder with 8~12 spaces, there was no fence between feeder spaces, and there was 1 nipple drinker on each wet area, so pigs could eat wet-dry feed of their free will. 6 cup drinkers in two pens (3 for each pen) were named supplementary drinkers in the control group. The cup drinkers in the experimental group were turned off from 93 to 100 d (pigs age) and turned on from 101 to 140 d. The cup drinkers in the control group were turned on from 93 to 140 d. There was no significant difference in average initial body mass between experimental group and control group (the initial body mass was 41.3 kg for experimental group and 41.8 kg for control group (P>0.05)). They were used to evaluate the effect on production performance and water consumption. Environmental indices were monitored at the same time. When cup drinkers of the experimental group were turned off, there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group: (1.93±0.30) vs (1.92±0.35) kg for average daily feed consumption(P>0.05), (0.88±0.06) vs (0.85±0.16) kg for average daily body mass gain (P>0.05), (2.17±0.03) vs (2.25±0.24) for the ratio of feed consumption to body mass gain (P>0.05). However, the average daily water consumption for per pig had remarkable significant difference (P<0.01) between experimental group and control group, (8.62±2.21) vs (22.89±3.55) L. Water consumption from feeder was 100% and 3.36% of total water consumption for experimental group and control group, respectively. When cup drinkers of experimental group were turned on, production performance and water consumption of finishing pigs between the experimental group and control group were not significant different (P>0.05). Average daily feed consumption of experimental group and control group was (2.67±0.42) and (2.71±0.44) kg, respectively; and average daily body mass gain was (1.01±0.05) and (1.04±0.04) kg, respectively; ratio of feed consumption to body mass gain was (2.59±0.08) and (2.55±0.12), respectively. The average daily water consumption for per pig was (24.03±3.11) and (28.66±4.92) L, respectively; and water consumption from feeder was 3.70% and 2.69% of total water consumption, respectively, the wet-dry feeder could meet the drinking water demand of finishing pigs with body mass during 50.7 and 71.8 kg. The ratio of water to feed (1:2.5-1:3.5) was preferred when the pigs could eat wet-dry feed of their free will. Animal welfare needed to be considered to find the accuracy of feeding spaces and drinking spaces allocation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Potable water
Controlled terms:Animals - Feeding - Fences - Mammals - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Control groups - Environmental index - Experimental groups - Feed consumption - Production performance - Water - savings - Water consumption - Wet dries
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods
Numerical data indexing:Mass 5.07e+01kg, Mass 7.18e+01kg, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.69e+00%, Percentage 3.36e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+00%, Mass 4.13e+01kg, Mass 4.18e+01kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20191706819483
Title:Study on isolation and identification of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria and optimal denitrification conditions
Title of translation:高效除氨氮异养硝化细菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮条件优化
Authors:Sun, Jiang (1); Li, Jianzhang (1); Yuan, Yuexiang (2); Yan, Zhiying (2); Liao, Yinzhang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong; 643000, China; (2) Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610000, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Yuexiang(yuanyx@cib.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:35-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure, decomposing organic matter and releasing heat by microorganisms, can be harmless and thoroughly decomposed, as well as realize the utilization of solid waste. However, in the process of composting, a large amount of ammonia gas is generated, which pollutes the surrounding air seriously. It is essential to select microorganisms with high nitrogen removal ability. Through continuous enrichment and domestication of shake flask, a strain named Z53 with high-efficiency removal of ammonia nitrogen was isolated from the activated sluge of garbage leachate plant. Through identification of morphology characteristics as well as gene sequences of 16SrRNA, the strain Z53 was identified as Paracoccus denitrificans. The nitrogen removal conditions were optimized by orthogonal test, detecting the temperature(30, 35 or 40℃), pH value(7, 8 or 9), and the liquid volume (40, 60 or 80 mL in 250 mL conical flask), and the results showed that the optimal carbon source of the strain was disodiam succinate, the best C/N ratio was 15, and the optimal removal conditions of ammonia nitrogen included shaking speed of 160 r/min, liquid volume of 40 mL in 250 mL conical flask, temperature of 30℃ as well as pH value 7.0. When inoculating 1% of the bacterial solution under optimal conditions, the strain Z53 removed (191.4±0.7) mg/L ammonia nitrogen completely within 11 h, and the average removal rate was 17.4 mg/(L•h). The determination of nitrogen morphology displayed that strain Z53 not only owned the ability of heterotrophic digestion (which can oxidize the ammonia nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen without accumulation of nitrite nitrogen) but also had the ability of denitrification to transform nitrate nitrogen into nitrite nitrogen under aerobic conditions. The average removal rate of nitrate nitrogen was 16.8 mg/(L•h), while under the anaerobic conditions, it could produce N<inf>2</inf>, and the average removal rate of nitrate nitrogen was 9.8 mg/(L•h). The strain Z53 could convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen through nitrification, and then converted nitrate nitrogen into intracellular nitrogen or gaseous product through denitrification, which had strong removal ability of ammonia nitrogen. During the high-temperature aerobic composting process in the composting plant, the microorganisms decompose the nitrogen-containing organic matter to produce large amounts of ammonia gas. In order to remove the ammonia gas, the gas in the composting plant could be collected and passed into the bio-trickling filter with inoculating strain Z53. The removal of ammonia nitrogen in this way could achieve the purpose of reducing pollution of ammonia gas. Moreover, the strain Z53 could also be inoculated into the compost material, which removed part of the ammonia nitrogen in the heap before the compost was warmed up. In addition, the nitrogen content in the compost leachate was high, and the accumulation of nitrate would lead to eutrophication of the water body. Because the strain Z53 can remove nitrate nitrogen efficiently, the strain Z53 also has a good potential of application in the denitrification of water body of leachate in the composting plant.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Nitrogen removal
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Ammonia - Anaerobic digestion - Bacteria - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Bottles - Composting - Denitrification - Eutrophication - Fertilizers - Gases - Morphology - Nitrates - Nitrification - Odor control - Organic compounds - pH
Uncontrolled terms:Aerobic composting - Anaerobic conditions - Bio-trickling filters - Heterotrophic nitrification - Isolation and identification - Nitrifying bacteria - Optimal conditions - Paracoccus denitrificans
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+00%, Rotational_Speed 1.60e+02RPM, Time 3.96e+04s, Volume 2.50e-04m3, Volume 4.00e-05m3, Volume 8.00e-05m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20191706819505
Title:Research on evaluation of implementation effect of beekeeping vehicle purchase subsidy and problems solving methods
Title of translation:养蜂车购置补贴实施评价及问题解决途径研究
Authors:Gao, Yun (1); Zhao, Zhijun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Zhijun(zhaozhijun@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:186-191
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The external contribution of bee pollination to crop production has been widely recognized and an effective way to internalize external benefits.is to launch subsidy policy. In order to promote the development of bee industry mechanization to increase crop pollination and increase yield, The beekeeping vehicle was included in the list of agricultural machinery purchasing subsidy since the year of 2013. Main apiculture provinces such as Shandong, Sichuan and Hubei launched implementation details for subsidies and loan. However, the rapid popularization of beekeeping vehicle did not appear as it was expected. The author conducted an in-depth analysis of the expected result, theory and basis for the implementation of subsidy policy. Cases survey data of beekeeping vehicle users and data of fixed observation points of the economic research group of beekeeping industry was adopted for cost-benefit analysis on purchasing will of beekeeper. Then, the replacement of labor force, and the matching between beekeeping mode and beekeeping vehicle function design was analyzed in this paper. The result showed that beekeeper has to face the problem of heavy economic burden in a short time, more safety adventure, higher labor intensity and more complicated colony management work though the beekeeper purchasing beekeeping vehicle, according to the current production scale of 150-200 colonies and 4-10 migrating times in a year. The subsidy policy had been launched for 5 years, but no significant increasing of utilization was appeared. The key problem was as following: The function of beekeeping vehicle on sale doesn't meet the demand of apiculture production mode. The design of beekeeping vehicle should target at time and labor saving. It should focus on research and development of beekeeping equipment and vehicle equipment for feeding, comb check, honey extraction, royal jelly extraction, and bee clearance from comb, so as to raise the scale and profit of beekeeping. Meanwhile, to continue implementation of subsidizing beekeeping vehicle were recommended, and subsidized rate could be about 30% of the purchasing cost.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:16
Main heading:Cost benefit analysis
Controlled terms:Costs - Crops - Cultivation - Extraction - Industrial economics - Mechanization - Problem solving - Sales - Vehicles
Uncontrolled terms:Current production - Economic research - External contributions - Implementation effects - Observation point - Research and development - Vehicle equipments - Vehicle functions
Classification code:601 Mechanical Design - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 5.00e+00yr, Percentage 3.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20191706819503
Title:Research on utilization status and classification management of solid waste in fruit processing in China
Title of translation:中国果品加工固体废弃物资源化利用现状与分类管理研究
Authors:Sui, Wenjie (1); Jia, Hongyu (2); Jing, Pei (2); Wang, Guanhua (3); Wang, Yu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin; 300457, China; (2) School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan; 250100, China; (3) College of Papermaking Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin; 300457, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Hongyu(3208622393@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:172-180
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Owing to the lack of scientific classification management and utilization measures of fruit resource, solid waste generated by the fruit industry is difficult to be effectively utilized, leading to prominent problems such as resource waste and environmental pollution. The implementation of classification management is the premise and basis for preventing the environment pollution and realizing the reduction, recycling and harmless treatment of solid waste. Firstly, the utilization status and outstanding problems of solid waste in fruit processing in China was discussed. Secondly, based on the in-depth analysis of solid waste generation source from raw materials' pretreatment, main processing links, packaging and other links in the process of fruit processing, the classification standards of solid waste in fruit industry was proposed. Solid waste in fruit industry was classified into general solid waste and hazardous waste, in which general solid waste including primary, auxiliary and secondary solid waste, waste packaging materials, etc. Lastly, the measures for the classification management of solid wastes in fruit processing were proposed from four aspects: source reduction, classification collection, pollution prevention and resource utilization. This paper was aimed to provide theoretical support for the management of solid waste in fruit processing. This should be beneficial to the acceleration of waste utilization in fruit industry and the extension of fruit processing industrial chain, and finally be of great significance to the realization of green recycling and low carbon sustainable development of fruit industry.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Waste treatment
Controlled terms:Environmental management - Fruits - Packaging materials - Pollution - Processing - Recycling - Solid wastes - Sustainable development - Waste utilization - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Classification managements - Classification standard - Environment pollution - Environmental pollutions - Harmless treatments - Pollution prevention - Resource utilizations - Solid waste generation
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454.1 Environmental Engineering, General - 694.2 Packaging Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.4 Manufacturing
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20191706819507
Title:Storage capacity determination of small watershed in hilly regions based on SCS-CN model
Title of translation:基于SCS-CN模型确定山区小流域蓄水容量研究
Authors:Wang, Haofang (1); Zhao, Tianyu (2); Xie, Mingyue (1); Zhang, Jincun (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan; 250061, China; (2) South-to-North Water Diversion Dongxian Shandong Main Line Co., Ltd., Jinan; 250013, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Jincun(zhangjincun@sdu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:200-206
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Watershed storage capacity (Wm) is an important basis for the classification of dry or wet soil in the calculation of mountain flash flood warning index of small watershed in hilly regions. Based on the three major hydrological regions in Shandong hydrological atlas, the storage capacities of the three major hydrological regions (hereafter refer to as regional storage capacity) have 3 different values. Because of the larger area of major hydrological region and the small area (generally 20 km<sup>2</sup>) of small watershed in hilly region for mountain flash flood warning, there may exists a large difference between regional storage capacity and the storage capacity of a small watershed in hilly region. In addition, the regional storage capacity was calculated based on hydrological and meteorological data in different regions before 1975. In the past 40 years, the underlying surface conditions of regions have changed greatly, and the regional storage capacity may have also changed accordingly. Therefore, in order to determine storage capacity of small watershed more precisely in the semi-arid and semi-humid northern region, especially in the hilly region that either lack data or no hydrological data, the SCS-CN model was used to determine storage capacity of the watershed with about 20 km<sup>2</sup>. Taking Zhudonghe watershed as an example, 6 rainfall events (with large rainfall, long duration and high flow) and runoffs from 1990 to 2008 were selected, and simulated by SCS-CN model, through which 6 CN numbers of each subbasin of Zhudonghe watershed were determined which were 116.49, 90.53, 84.57 121.48, 111.34, 94.95 and 76.52 mm, respectively. The average storage capacity of Zhudonghe watershed was obtained by the method of area weighting. The storage capacity of Zhudonghe watershed was 95.82 mm. To test the reliability of this SCS-CN method, the methods of measured rainfall runoff analysis and SCS formula are used and obtained the average storage capacity of Zhudonghe watershed that was 88.97 mm and 98.98 mm respectively. The relative difference between SCS-CN model and above two methods to determine the Wm was 7.7% and -3.2%, respectively. Therefore, comprehensive analysis of three methods, SCS-CN model to determine the watershed storage capacity is more reasonable and feasible. The SCS-CN model here provides a new way to determine the storage capacity of small watershed with data shortage in hilly regions, and provides a technical support for accurate mountain flash flood warning in small watershed.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Digital storage
Controlled terms:Floods - Infiltration - Landforms - Models - Rain - Reliability analysis - Runoff - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Comprehensive analysis - Flash-flood-warning - Hilly regions - Hydrological data - Meteorological data - Storage capacity - Technical support - Underlying surface
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 444.1 Surface Water - 481.1 Geology - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Age 4.00e+01yr, Area 2.00e+07m2, Percentage -3.20e+00%, Percentage 7.70e+00%, Size 7.65e-02m, Size 8.90e-02m, Size 9.50e-02m, Size 9.58e-02m, Size 9.90e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20191706819495
Title:Study progress and development suggestions on harmless treatment and resource utilization of biogas slurry
Title of translation:沼液无害化处理和资源化利用研究进展及发展建议
Authors:Zhou, Wenbing (1, 2); Jin, Yu'e (1, 2); Xiao, Naidong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Lab of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production (Hubei Province), Wuhan; 430070, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:115-122
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biogas slurry has a low nutrients concentration but with a large volume, which also contains antibiotics, heavy metals and other pollutants. These issues are obstacles needed to be overcome in the harmless treatment and resource utilization of biogas slurry. The present research have reviewed the properties of the biogas slurry resources and its problems in utilization, so what is mainly discussed in this paper are the high-value treatments and resource utilizations from the viewpoints of concentration technology of biogas, and the removal of antibiotics and heavy metals from the biogas slurry or concentrated biogas slurry. The results indicate that, the high-value treatment of biogas slurry through combining thereverse osmosis membrane concentration with solar energy negative pressure concentration, the removal of antibiotics in biogas slurry by advanced oxidation technologies including Fenton reagent, and the removal of heavy metals in biogas slurry through biological method or heavy metal collector method, which may be three important directions for the research of harmless treatment and resource utilization of biogas slurry. This review could provide references for the research and exploitation of biogas slurry in the future.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:57
Main heading:Chemicals removal (water treatment)
Controlled terms:Antibiotics - Biogas - Heavy metals - Oxidation - Pollution control - Solar energy - Waste treatment - Wastewater - Wastewater treatment - Water pollution - Water pollution control
Uncontrolled terms:Advanced oxidation technology - Biogas slurry - Biological methods - Harmless treatments - Membrane concentration - Negative pressures - Nutrients concentrations - Resource utilizations
Classification code:452.3 Industrial Wastes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 453 Water Pollution - 453.2 Water Pollution Control - 461.6 Medicine and Pharmacology - 522 Gas Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 802.2 Chemical Reactions
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20191706819494
Title:Research progress on biogas fermentation improvements by bio-available trace elements
Title of translation:生物有效微量元素改善沼气发酵性能研究进展
Authors:Sun, Chen (1); Liu, Mengmeng (1); Sun, Zixiang (1); Miao, Yang (1); Zhang, Zhining (1); Wang, Mimi (1); Hu, Changwei (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing; 314001, China
Corresponding author:Hu, Changwei(changwei.hu@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:105-114
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The addition of exogenous trace elements to enhance the enzyme activity is one of the research hotspots to further enhance the bio-methane transformation potential in anaerobic digestion system. However, the disunity of the trace elements dosage strategy as well as the irregularity of trace element dosing effects restricts the development of this technology. In order to achieve the exogenous trace element dosing controllability, and to promote the research and development of the high and stable yield of biogas production technology from various feedstocks, this paper explored the following research points from the published literatures: the background value of trace element in different feedstocks, the trace element concentrations in different anaerobic digestion(AD) systems, the physiological functions of trace element for the anaerobic methanogens, the promoting effect brought by trace element addition, and the impact factors in the anaerobic digestion system on the chemical form migration and bioavailability of trace elements. Based on the aspects above, the reasons and limiting factors for the improvement of anaerobic digestion performance by trace element addition strategy were discussed. It was generally believed that trace elements could exist and transform interactively in the following forms: dissolution, adsorption, carbonate binding, phosphate binding, sulfide precipitation and residual state, with the bioavailability decreasing successively. The possible reasons found for the inconsistent research results of the optimal dosage amount of trace elements(ETs) were as follows: 1) different background value; 2) different AD operation conditions; 3) different methanogens with different TEs uptake ability; and 4) different levels of actual bioavailable TEs. When feedstocks and digestive conditions were changed, it was not applicable to take the optimal dosage obtained under certain research conditions as a reference standard. Beside, since the anaerobic digestion process was a complex biochemical reaction system, in the engineering application process, not only the feedstock types, but also the basic technological operating parameters such as the temperature, pH value, redox potential and hydraulic retention time exerted influence on the AD performance. This was because the basic technological operating parameters could directly exert influence on the existence chemical form of inorganic and organic ligands, including the carbonates, phosphates, sulfides, cell wall, extracellular polymers, soluble microbial products, organic sulfur compounds, organic acids, organic chelators, etc.. It also impacted the ecological change of the micro-organisms population, which determined the biochemical environment in the anaerobic digestate in return. These ligands were derived from the macromolecule in feedstock and generated during the anaerobic digestion degradation process, which all could exert influence on the chemical distribution and thus the bioavailability of trace elements. Besides, the possible approach to acquire the chemical distribution of the trace elements, namely, the multi-step chemical extraction approach was recommended in this paper. With the approach, which was a relatively mature approach to investigate the migration and transformation rule of metal elements in nature, the elemental speciation in anaerobic digestion could be divided into valence state, chemical state, binding state and structural state. This could be beneficial to gain a panoramic view of the dynamic migration and transformation of trace elements in biogas production system. In summary, it was believed that the difference of background value of trace elements in raw material and the internal environment of fermentation system may be the major reason for the difference of the trace elements chemical distribution and dynamic migration and transformation pattern in different anaerobic digestion system. It was also considered that the promotion of bio-availability or bio-utilization rate of trace elements was the key step to exploit the precise trace elements addition technology for anaerobic digestion. The reveal of the dynamic distribution of trace elements in different chemical form was an important aspect to realize the effective utilization of trace elements in biogas fermentation system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:85
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Biochemistry - Biogas - Chelation - Chemical speciation - Degradation - Digestive system - Ecology - Enzyme activity - Feedstocks - Fermentation - Ligands - Methanogens - Redox reactions - Sulfur compounds - Trace elements
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic digestion process - Available trace elements - Biogas production systems - Dynamic changes - Engineering applications - Research and development - Soluble microbial products - Trace element concentrations
Classification code:454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 801.2 Biochemistry - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20191706819493
Title:Biogas production characteristics of anaerobic fermentation of mixed Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure
Title of translation:白灵菇种植基质废料和牛粪混合厌氧发酵产沼气特性研究
Authors:Guo, Qianhui (1); Li, Chong (1); Guan, Shanyue (1); Chen, Min (1); Jiao, Youzhou (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of New Materials and Facilities for Rural Renewable Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou; 450002, China
Corresponding author:Jiao, Youzhou(jiaoyouzhou@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:99-104
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus produces a large amount of mushroom planting matrix wastes. The planting matrix wastes are rich in protein, amino acids and other nutrients. Discarding will cause serious waste of resources. If we apply the mushroom planting matrix wastes directly into the field, it will promote the growth of mold and pests, increase the number of harmful spores and pests in the air, and this way will also cause bacterial reproduction and disease transmission. If we burn the mushroom growing substrate directly, then we can only get about 10% of the heat. Those treatment methods will cause huge waste of agricultural organic resources and environmental pollution. Reasonable development and utilization of mushroom planting matrix wastes can not only utilize resources as much as possible and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, how to properly handle mushroom planting matrix wastes becomes an urgent problem that needs to be solved. The research on converting mushroom planting matrix wastes into biogas by biological fermentation has gradually attracted people's attention. This method is considered to be a promising treatment method for mushroom planting matrix wastes. In this study, the mass ratio of waste to cow dung was 2:1, the fermentation temperature was 35℃, and the TS concentrations of anaerobic fermentation were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%. By measuring various indexes of fermentation broth and biogas during the reaction process, the feasibility of anaerobic fermentation for biogas from Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes was studied. The influence of TS concentration on fermentation process was studied. In this study, the Logistic model, the Transference model and the Modified Gompertz model were used to fit the characteristics of methane produced by anaerobic fermentation of Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle Manure. The results showed that in co-anaerobic fermentation using Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure as raw materials, the biogas production could be smoothly developed under 6 different concentrations, indicating that it is feasible to use Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes and cattle manure for anaerobic fermentation to obtain biogas. The experimental results showed that the optimum anaerobic fermentation TS mass fraction was 8% under the condition of 2:1 ratio of raw materials. At this time, the TS removal rate and the unit TS gas production amount were the highest. The TS removal rate and VS removal rate were 37.04% and 39.03%, the unit gas production volume and unit VS gas production were 473.5 and 515.2 mL/g, and the cumulative gas production and average daily gas production were 17.25 and 8.77 mL/(g•d). Logistic model, Transference model and Modified Gompertz model could better describe the anaerobic fermentation for methane production in this study. Among the three models, the Modified Gompertz model had the best fitting effect. The study provides a reference for the resource utilization of the Pleurotus ferulatus planting matrix wastes.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:15
Main heading:Waste utilization
Controlled terms:Biogas - Cultivation - Enzyme kinetics - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gases - Manures - Methane - Pollution - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Cumulative gas productions - Development and utilizations - Environmental pollutions - Fermentation temperature - Modified-Gompertz model - Pleurotus - Resource utilizations
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+00%, Percentage 3.70e+01%, Percentage 3.90e+01%, Percentage 4.00e+00%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Specific_Volume 4.74e-01m3/kg, Specific_Volume 5.15e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20191706819490
Title:Study on integrated technology of large scale straw biogas plant and its operation effect
Title of translation:规模化秸秆沼气工程集成技术及工程运行效果研究
Authors:Feng, Jing (1); Liu, Guohua (1); Ma, Jitao (2); Zhao, Lixin (1); Yao, Zonglu (1); Yu, Jiadong (1); Li, Mingxin (2); Wang, Haijiao (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Sanhe Tianlong New Building Materials Co., Sanhe; 065200, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:81-85
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In China, the production of corn straw annually has become a problem, because of lack of resource utilization. Producing biogas with corn straw is one of the available ways to solve this problem. However, this way still not be promoted widely. The main reason is the low rate of return with the traditional craft. Integrating advanced technology of straw biogas plant is the key for sustainable development of straw biogas industry, focusing on the improvement of engineering economy. Our study team had conducted many researches on the key steps of straw biogas plant, such as straw pretreatment, straw anaerobic fermentation, agitation optimization, biogas slurry recirculation, and developed several key technologies. The corn stalk has a compact structure, thus it was not able to be degraded easily in the anaerobic fermenter. The mixture of Saccharomycetales, Sordariales, Hypocrees, Lactobacillales and other microbial as the pretreatment agent were applied in our studies study. And the pretreatment was carried out in a continuous mixed reactor with continuous aeration. Under these conditions, the degradation rate of straw lignocellulose could reach above 48%. After pretreatment, the gas production rate of straw was increased by 20%, and the peak-time of gas production was shortened by more than 3 days. The CSTR and vertical plug flow (VPF) fermentation reactor were compared in this study. The results showed that the CSTR fermentation technology was more common and mature. The reactor structure, the structure of the stirring device, the stirring style and the baffle plate all had a significant influence on the mixing effect of the CSTR. Our study team had developed an optimization method using a CFD simulation. The anaerobic fermentation only with corn straw, the anaerobic process was not stable because of easy acidification and nutritional imbalance. In our research, we applied the recirculation of biogas slurry to the anaerobic fermentation process. The results showed that recirculation of biogas slurry could help keeping the fermentation process stable. Under the conditions with recirculation of 80% biogas slurry, the biogas production rate of maize silage was increased by 97%-180%. Based on these single technologies, we proposed an integrated technology of "stalk silage-micro aerobic hydrolysis pretreatment-CSTR medium temperature & stirring optimization-biogas slurry near fully recirculation". The integrated technology had been employed in the Tianlong biogas plant in Sanhe, Hebei Province. The operation results showed that the biogas production rate of straw reached 555.78 m<sup>3</sup>/t with a relatively high CH<inf>4</inf> concentration of 56% and low H<inf>2</inf>S concentration of 162×10<sup>-6</sup>, which proved that the integrated technology could be stable and efficient t in the actual operation of a large-scale biogas plant.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:18
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Computational fluid dynamics - Degradation - Earnings - Fermentation - Process control - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation process - Biogas production rates - Fermentation technologies - Integrated technologies - Plant operations - Resource utilizations - Stable and efficient
Classification code:723.5 Computer Applications - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 911.2 Industrial Economics
Numerical data indexing:Age 8.22e-03yr, Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 4.80e+01%, Percentage 5.60e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Percentage 9.70e+01% to 1.80e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20191706819504
Title:Application of distributed energy system in agricultural circular economy
Title of translation:分布式能源系统在农业循环经济中的应用研究
Authors:Sui, Meng (1, 2); Li, Fashe (1, 2); Su, Youyong (3)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction, Ministry of Education, Kunming; 650093, China; (2) College of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650093, China; (3) Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650093, China
Corresponding author:Li, Fashe(asan97@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:181-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:With the current social environment and energy issues becoming more and more prominent, in order to promote the rational use of resources, some rural areas have carried out exploration and research on the agricultural circular economy model. Based on "four-in-one" mode of traditional agricultural circular economy, combined with distributed energy system, absorption refrigeration and denitration process, we proposed "five-in-one" agricultural circular economy model. "Five-in-one" refers to the model of "farming- biogas- energy supply- greenhouse- agricultural planting". The "five-in-one" system mainly adds gas generator sets and cold storage to convert the produced biogas into income. The "five in one" has changed the pattern that agriculture can only export low-end agricultural products, forming a new model for the union of workers and peasants. It constitutes an integrated energy and ecological utilization system, promotes the development of renewable energy, and increases the supply of clean and high-quality energy in rural areas and converts them into income. The combination of livestock and poultry breeding, production of biogas, distributed energy, greenhouses and agricultural planting, the five are interdependent and integrated, forming a comprehensive utilization system of agriculture, energy and ecology. Taking a biogas tank with a gas production capacity of 1 000 m<sup>3</sup> as an example, 365 000 m<sup>3</sup> of biogas can be produced for gas-fired units to generate electricity continuously. Each cubic meter of biogas can generate 2.6 kW•h, and the total power generation capacity is about 936 MW•h. The cold storage provides energy by using low-quality heat energy. According to the gas-fired unit's power generation efficiency of 34%, the biogas power generation waste heat resource is used for direct-fired absorption type chiller refrigeration, and the daily cooling capacity is 5 887 kW•h. The 1 000 m<sup>3</sup> biogas tank can produce 1550 t of organic fertilizer and 9 000 tons of biogas slurry, which can reduce 760 tons of carbon dioxide. In the "five in one" model, the main problem is that the construction cost and key technical fields are immature. It is necessary for the state to provide subsidies in accordance with new energy installed power generation, and to provide subsidies for distributed energy system construction, subsidies for biogas production construction, and operational subsidies. State Grid Corporation should acquire the on-grid electricity in the agricultural circular economy model in accordance with the solar power grid-connected electricity price. The National Energy Administration should give the operating companies carbon trading rights in accordance with 50%~60% of the carbon emission reductions of biogas power generation, in order to facilitate the initiative in the future carbon trading market and promote the development of circular economy in rural areas. If the technology is not mature, experts should be organized to discuss, build a pilot project, and study the technical problems and improvement programs in the operation process. We will adjust the agricultural structure and industrial construction, gradually improve the scientific research and production technology system, and promote successful experiences to the whole country.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Electric power system economics
Controlled terms:Absorption cooling - Absorption refrigeration - Agricultural products - Agriculture - Biogas - Carbon dioxide - Cold storage - Electric power transmission networks - Emission control - Fertilizers - Gas generators - Greenhouses - Industrial research - Nitrogen removal - Petroleum prospecting - Rural areas - Solar energy - Tanks (containers) - Waste heat
Uncontrolled terms:Carbon emission reductions - Circular economy - Comprehensive utilizations - Distributed energies - Distributed energy systems - Industrial construction - Power generation efficiency - Production technology
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 522 Gas Fuels - 525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 619.2 Tanks - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 644.1 Refrigeration Methods - 644.3 Refrigeration Equipment and Components - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 901.3 Engineering Research
Numerical data indexing:Mass 8.16e+06kg, Percentage 3.40e+01%, Volume 1.00e+03m3, Volume 3.65e+05m3, Mass 6.89e+05kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20191706819499
Title:Research on pyrolysis of typical component of municipal solid waste and release characteristics of NO<inf>x</inf> precursor
Title of translation:生活垃圾典型组分热解及NOx前驱物析出特性研究
Authors:Luo, Yonghao (1); Chen, Yi (2); Yang, Minghui (2); Lu, Jie (2); Wu, Tong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai; 200240, China; (2) China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen; 518031, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Yi(csuchris@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:143-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The composition of MSW is complex, but nitrogen in MSW mainly exists in kitchen waste, fabric and rubber. The emission of nitrogen oxides from municipal solid waste incineration and the environmental problems caused by incineration can't be ignored. Further study on the formation and mechanism of NOx in MSW incineration process, especially the precipitation and transformation of fuel-N in the pyrolysis process of MSW, is of positive significance for further reducing the emission of NOx in incineration process and guides the development of low-NOx combustion technology and NOx emission control technology. It is generally believed that the main precursors of NOx are NH<inf>3</inf>, HCN and HNCO. Studying the generation rules of NH<inf>3</inf>, HCN and HNCO is an important segment in studying the law of NOx formation. There are two main ways to study the law of NH<inf>3</inf>, HCN and HNCO produced by biomass pyrolysis: Studying biomass itself and related model compounds. Many researchers had studied the formation of NOx precursors in the pyrolysis of protein/amino acid model compounds. Up to now, there has been no report on the precipitation of NOx precursors in the pyrolysis of typical components of MSW. The typical components of three types of MSW with high nitrogen content were selected; the pyrolysis property and NOx precursors' release property of different kinds of typical constituents were studied. The results indicate that the pyrolysis of cloth and rubber show mono peak, but that of the kitchen waste shows two peaks and the pyrolysis temperature appears to be lower for kitchen waste. The main pyrolysis temperature ranges of fabric, rubber and orange peel were 400-500, 350-500 and 150-400℃, respectively. The higher the heating rate, the higher the peak value of DTG curve is. The peak of DTG curve moves to the high temperature zone, the wider the peak width of DTG curve, and the temperature range corresponding to the weight loss increases. NH<inf>3</inf> is the main NOx precursor for cloth and rubber, and the kitchen waste principally produces HCN and NH<inf>3</inf>. In conclusion, for different constituents, the selectivities for HCN, NH<inf>3</inf> and HNCO are different. With the increase of heating rate, the peak of NOx precursors' release rate increases and the peak moves towards high temperature zone. The decrease of heating rate increases the degradation of the tar-N at high temperature which produces HCN, NH<inf>3</inf> and HNCO. The combination of these impacts leads to different results of the NOx precursors' release when heating rate changes.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:17
Main heading:Municipal solid waste
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Emission control - Heating - Heating rate - Kitchens - Nitrogen oxides - Pyrolysis - Rubber - Waste incineration - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Environmental problems - High nitrogen content - High temperature zones - Nitrogen transfer - Pyrolysis temperature - Release characteristics - TG-FT-IR - Typical constituent
Classification code:451.2 Air Pollution Control - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 641.2 Heat Transfer - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 818.1 Natural Rubber
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20191706819485
Title:Study on protection and transformation model of drainage ditchesconsidering economic and environmental benefits
Title of translation:兼顾经济与环境效益的排水沟塘保护与改造模式研究
Authors:Xu, Qing (1); Jia, Zhonghua (1); Luo, Wan (1); Tang, Shuangcheng (1); Chen, Cheng (1); Zou, Jiarong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Hydraulic Energy and Power Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225100, China
Corresponding author:Jia, Zhonghua(jiazh@yzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:48-54
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Drainage ditches, which are abundant in the southern river network area, provide drainage services for farmland and are also valuable resources for reducing agricultural pollutants as well as providing habitats for wildlife. It is really a precious natural resource. However, since ditches also occupy part of the land resources, and hindered the mechanization of operations. There is a certain contradiction between mechanical operation and the development of modern agriculture. How to balance various needs in rural ecological construction and protection has become an urgent scientific problem to be solved. Based on a typical case, according to the different emphasis of environmental protection and land increase, this paper analyzed the optimization of ditches/ponds protection while calculating the benefit change in different scenarios, and considered some difficult-to-quantify factors to explore the best transformation mode of the ditches and ponds. The existing ditches/ponds area in this study is 0.82 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 14.3% of the farmland, of which the proportions of ponds, branch ditches and farms are 28%, 60% and 12%, respectively. The results of economic analysis show that according to the current land lease price, the economic benefits of reducing the area of the ditches/ponds and increasing the land use are higher than those of the ditches and ponds in terms of pollutant removal and ecological pest control. In combination with other factors that are difficult to quantify, this paper recommends that the branch ditches, which are distributed along the edges of the plots and have large area, should be reserved in order to maintain the original drainage and ecological environment functions while ensuring less impact on the field mechanical operations. For densely distributed and small size ditches, it is recommended to use drainage tube instead, which can minimize the impact on the field mechanization operation and reduce the impact on the ecological environment; For those larger and unevenly distributed ponds, considering their small population and limited impact on farmland drainage, can be reclaimed for reclamation on the basis of well-drained drainage facilities. For the study area, the above proposal will reduce the total area of the ponds from 8 020 m<sup>2</sup> to 4 818 m<sup>2</sup>, reduce the area ratio of farmland from 14.3% to 8.6%, and the comprehensive economic benefit ratio can be increased from the current 5 217 to 6 740 RMB; however, the pollutants removal and pest control role will be reduced from the current 5 217 to 3 134 RMB, while the land rental income increases to 3 606 RMB. Therefore, simply from an economic point of view, the benefits of increasing land area should be higher than the economic benefits of reduced pollutant reduction and pest control. If the land proceeds increase in the future, the added value of land area will be more significant. Taking into account some difficult factors such as the provision of habitats and cultural landscape values, the protection and transformation of ditch pond systems in the future will also need to coordinate the demands and efforts of different departments.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Economic and social effects
Controlled terms:Drainage - Economic analysis - Ecosystems - Farms - Lakes - Land use - Machinery - Mechanization - Pest control - Pollution - Ponding - Ponds - River pollution
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural pollutants - Comprehensive benefit - Ecological construction - Ecological environments - Economic and environmental benefits - Environmental benefits - Mechanical operations - Transformation model
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 453 Water Pollution - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 601 Mechanical Design - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 8.02e+03m2 to 4.82e+03m2, Percentage 1.20e+01%, Percentage 1.43e+01%, Percentage 1.43e+01% to 8.60e+00%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20191706819479
Title:Effect of wind speed on ammonia volatilization characteristics of chicken manure biogas slurry
Title of translation:风速对鸡粪沼液氨挥发特性的影响
Authors:Xue, Wentao (1, 2); Sun, Qinping (1); Lin, Cong (2); Liu, Bensheng (1); Wang, Yue (1); Li, Jijin (1); Zou, Guoyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) College of Water Resources &Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Sun, Qinping(sunqinping@hotmail.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:7-12
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to study the characteristics of ammonia (NH<inf>3</inf>) emission and the variation of its chemical properties under different wind speeds, an equipment for storing biogas slurry and monitoring the NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization was designed. Sampling and monitoring of ammonia gas by using forced aeration method, this equipment was used to investigate the NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization and degradation of total nitrogen (TN), chemical oxygen demand (COD) of biogas slurry under the wind speeds of 0 (confined storage, WS0), 1 m/s (gas flow 32.33 m<sup>3</sup>/h, WS1), and 2 m/s (gas flow 65.72 m<sup>3</sup>/h, WS2). Results showed that the NH<inf>3</inf> volatilization of chicken manure biogas slurry showed similar patterns in three wind speed conditions, which increased during the early period followed by decreasing, and all reached their peaks on the 12th day, being of 2.28, 4.42 and 7.21 g/(m<sup>2</sup>•d), respectively. The total amount of ammonia volatilization during storage is 1.80, 3.90 and 7.12 g, respectively. The temperature of the biogas slurry fluctuated within the range of 13-24℃ during the storage, and this temperature fluctuation trend is similar to the changing trend of room temperature for all three conditions. The initial pH value of the chicken manure biogas slurry was 8.38, showing a weak alkalinity. During the storage process, the pH values of WS0, WS1, and WS2 increased continuously, and reached 9.17, 8.82, and 8.92 at the end of storage. The nitrogen element in the chicken manure biogas slurry was mainly kept in the form of ammonium nitrogen, which accounted for 84.99% of the total nitrogen content at the beginning of the test. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen showed an increasing pattern firstly, and reached their peaks in the seventh day, being of 3 451.27, 3 562.60, and 3 582.67 mg/L, then followed by decreasing, being of 3 030.20, 2 762.67, and 2 794.87 mg/L at the end of the storage. The decline percentages of the ammonium nitrogen were 7.64%, 15.79%, and 14.81% in three conditions, respectively. The declines of TN and COD were positively correlated with the wind speed. The TN content of the biogas slurry decreased by 10.97%, 18.95%, and 25.83%, and the COD concentration decreased by 10.38%, 18.61%, and 20.35%, for WS0, WS1and WS2, correspondingly. Together, these results provide evidence for designing reasonable storage environment of biogas slurry and NH<inf>3</inf> mitigation measure.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Alkalinity - Ammonia - Animals - Chemical equipment - Chemical oxygen demand - Emission control - Fertilizers - Flow of gases - Manures - Nitrogen - pH - Speed - Tungsten compounds - Wind
Uncontrolled terms:Ammonia volatilization - Ammonium nitrogen - Biogas slurry - Initial pH value - Mitigation measures - Temperature fluctuation - Total nitrogen content - Wind speed
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 631.1.2 Gas Dynamics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.1 Chemical Plants and Equipment - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.04e+01%, Percentage 2.58e+01%, Percentage 7.64e+00%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Velocity 1.00e+00m/s, Velocity 2.00e+00m/s, Mass 3.90e-03kg, Mass 7.12e-03kg, Mass_Density 5.83e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 7.95e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.04e+01%, Percentage 1.10e+01%, Percentage 1.48e+01%, Percentage 1.58e+01%, Percentage 1.86e+01%, Percentage 1.89e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20191706819487
Title:Thermal performance test and analysis of solar greenhouse in hinterland of Hetian desert, Xinjiang
Title of translation:新疆和田沙漠腹地日光温室环境测试与分析
Authors:Xu, Hongjun (1, 2); Li, Yanrong (1); Cui, Yongmin (3); Jiang, Weijie (1); Zou, Zhirong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi; 830052, China; (2) College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China; (3) Xinjiang Shatian Agricultural Comprehensive Development Co., Ltd., Hetian; 848000, China
Corresponding author:Zou, Zhirong(zouzhirong2005@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:60-65
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Chinese solar greenhouse played an important role in Xinjiang protected horticulture. However, the land in Xinjiang is mainly "unutilized land" type, and the cultivated land resource is seriously insufficient, the development of Xinjiang protected agriculture was promoted towards Gobi, saline and alkali, desert and other non-cultivated land. In recent years, the desert greenhouse has begun to take shape. In order to clarify the thermal performence of solar greenhouse in desert areas, and provide a reference for the improvement of solar greenhouse structure and crop management in desert areas, the changes of light and temperature environment in the greenhouse under the special environment of desert hinterland (79.84°E, 37.37°N) were tested and analysed in this paper. The results showed that the light intensity inside and outside the desert greenhouse were too large. Under sunny day conditions, the average light intensity was 24 204 lx and the maximum was 48 787 lx. The light intensity over 20 000 lx lasted for 5-6 h. The temperature of the air and ground in the greenhouse fluctuated greatly. The average difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature was 26.6℃, the maximum was 32.7℃. The ground surface temperature above 30℃ lasted for 4-5 h and the maximum was 40.3℃ in February, which showed the characteristics of "temperature is too high at noon, low at night, and temperature difference between day and night is large". The surface temperature of the culture substrate was more moderate than the surface temperature fluctuation of sand. The lowest temperature was 15.9℃, the highest temperature was 27.9℃, and the temperature fluctuation of the ground and the substrate depth of 30 cm were small, which kept between 17 and 19℃. The use of substrate cultivation can effectively alleviate the high temperature on the surface. Under the condition of sunny days, the relative humidity of air in greenhouse was 24%-84% in daytime, the minimum is 24%, and 84%-95% at night. Due to the dry environment in the desert area, the low temperature at night will not lead to condensation of dew on the surface of greenhouse film. In the desert greenhouse, solar energy can be better converted into heat and the relative humidity was low, which can effectively ensure the growth and development of various vegetables and fruits. However, heat storage capacity of the desert greenhouse was poor, and the research on increasing the heat storage capacity of solar greenhouses in desert areas needs to be carried out.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:19
Main heading:Greenhouses
Controlled terms:Atmospheric humidity - Atmospheric temperature - Crops - Cultivation - Heat storage - Land use - Landforms - Solar energy - Solar heating - Surface properties - Temperature - Temperature distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Chinese solar greenhouse - Desert hinterland - Greenhouse microclimate - Ground surface temperature - Light intensity - Solar greenhouse - Temperature differences - Temperature environments
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 481.1 Geology - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Illuminance 2.00e+04lx, Illuminance 2.42e+04lx, Illuminance 4.88e+04lx, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01% to 8.40e+01%, Percentage 8.40e+01% to 9.50e+01%, Size 3.00e-01m, Time 1.44e+04s to 1.80e+04s, Time 1.80e+04s to 2.16e+04s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20191706819481
Title:Effects of manure fertilizer application and straw return on micro-food web of yellow field soil
Title of translation:有机肥和秸秆还田对黄泥田土壤微食物网的影响
Authors:Chen, Yunfeng (1, 2); Xia, Xiange (1); Hu, Cheng (1, 2); Li, Shuanglai (1, 2); Qiao, Yan (1, 2); Liu, Donghai (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China, Wuhan; 430064, China; (2) Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Xia, Xiange(13607123150@139.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:19-26
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Yellow calyed soil, as a typical low-yield paddy soil, is widely distributed in southern China. Manure application and straw return were the most two important measures for improving soil fertility. Previous studies had been reported the effects of manure application and straw return on rice yield, soil physico-chemical characteristics and enzymes, but seldom on soil biological fertility. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of pig manure and rice straws on the community of microorganism, protozoa, nematode as well as the structure and functions of soil micro-food web, the assemblage of microorganism, protozoa and nematode, via nematode fauna analysis. Compare to crop straws, manure was labile organic matter and had low carbon nitrogen ration. Since the quantity and quality of organic matter determined the structure and function of soil micro-food web, it was hypothesised that the effects of manure on the structure and functions of soil micro-food web were more stronger. The experiment conducted at a double-rice cropping field in Jinmen City of Hubei Province, China, and included 4 treatments of without fertilizers (Control), mineral fertilizers (NPK), mineral fertilizers combined with organic manure (NPKM) and mineral fertilizers combined with straw incorporation (NPKS), and the organic carbon content from NPKM and NPKS treatments were equal. Soil sampling was done after late rice harvest (19 November 2012 and 22 October 2013). Analysis of soil microbial communities was done by phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) composition, protozoa were classified into 3 functional groups of flagellate, ciliate and amoebae, and nematode were identified into genus level and classified into 4 functional groups of bacterial-feeding nematode, fungal-feeding nematode, plant-parasitic nematode and omnivorous-predatory nematodes. The nematode ecological indices of maturity index (MI), structure index (SI), enrichment index (EI), basal index (BI), bacterial footprint, fungal footprint and herbivore footprint, were used to evaluate structure and functions of soil micro-food web. The combination of SI and EI used to infer the condition of soil micro-food web. The results showed that NPKM increased the abundance of functional groups within bacterial decomposition channel (bacteria, protozoa, bacterial-feeding nematodes), fungal decomposition channel (fungi, fungal-feeding nematode) and plant channel (plant-parasite nematodes) in comparison with those of NPK treatment, and the improvement level was higher in the NPKM treatment than in the NPKS treatment although NPKS also improved the abundance of most functional groups. Fertilization treatments (NPK, NPKM, NPKS), no significant differences in between, decreased the value of MI and SI and increased the BI compared to Control, indicating that fertilization increased the resilience and decreased the complexity of soil micro-food web. The nematode fauna profile of the fertilization treatments (NPK, NPKM, NPKS) and control located at the second quadrant, which inferred that the disturbance resulted from short-term fertilization was relative low, and the soil micro-food web in each treatment was structured. The values of bacterial footprint and herbivore footprint in all treatments were much higher than that of fungal footprint, which indicated that the carbon from fertilization enter the soil micro-food web mainly pass through bacterial and plant channel. The changes of bacterial footprint were not consistent between two sampling times indicated that the effects of short-term fertilization on fast decomposition pathway were not stable. In conclusion, the effects of NPKM on the structure of soil micro-food web were stronger than NPKS, however, their influence on the functions of soil micro-food were similar under short-term fertilization.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Fatty acids - Feeding - Food microbiology - Fungi - Mammals - Manures - Minerals - Organic carbon - Phospholipids - Protozoa - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Bacterial-feeding nematodes - Fertilizer applications - Nematode - Organic carbon contents - Organic manure - Phospholipid fatty acids - Physicochemical characteristics - Plant-parasitic nematodes
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 482.2 Minerals - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20191706819510
Title:Research advances on effects of conservation tillage practice on soil nitrogen component
Title of translation:保护性耕作对土壤氮组分影响研究进展
Authors:Qi, Jianying (1); Wang, Xing (1); Pu, Chao (1); Ma, Shoutian (1); Zhao, Xin (1); Xue, Jianfu (2); Zhang, Hailin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hailin(hailin@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:222-229
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Soil nitrogen pool is an important indicator to assess soil quality and fertility of farmland. At the same time, soil nitrogen pool is related to the sustainability of agricultural production, attracting widespread attention due to its importance in soil-plant systems. Soil total nitrogen (STN) is often used to quantify the size of soil nitrogen pool. However, due to its large inventory and small coefficient of variation, STN cannot accurately reflect the variation of soil nitrogen pool. In order to accurately assess the capacity of soil nitrogen supply and further clarify the mechanism of soil nitrogen pool variation, soil nitrogen pool can be divided into fractions with different characteristics according to the sources and forms, which reflect the nature or function of the soil inhomogeneous nitrogen distribution. Conservation tillage (CT) practice is considered to be one of the climate-smart agricultural management practices, being able to effectively influence the soil nitrogen pool and its fractions. In recent years, studies on CT and its ecological effects have been on an upward trend. Increasing studies has been carried out to investigate the effects of CT on soil nitrogen pools. However, most of these studies focused on the effects of CT on soil total nitrogen content instead of soil nitrogen fractions. Research on the effects of CT on soil nitrogen fractions is still at an early stage. This review integrated the international studies concerning the effects of CT on liable nitrogen fractions, mineralization-related nitrogen fractions, and easily-lost nitrogen fractions. Particular organic matter nitrogen and light organic fraction nitrogen, which represent the liable nitrogen fraction, are sensitive to tillage practice. Microbial biomass nitrogen and potential mineralizable nitrogen are easily affected by CT, which could affect nitrogen mineralization ultimately. Dissolved organic nitrogen and extractable organic nitrogen are easy to lose in agriculture system, whereas CT is an effective method for cutting down soil nitrogen loss. However, the effects of CT on nitrogen fractions and the relationship between nitrogen fractions and nitrogen mineralization have been not totally clear, based on which the directions of the following studies are proposed. In combination with soil biological properties (such as soil microbial activity and soil nitrogen associated enzyme activity), the effects of CT on soil nitrogen fractions need to be further revealed. Based on the isotope labelling, the effects of mineralization and nitrogen absorption in crops should be analyzed to determine the relationship between nitrogen fractions and crop nitrogen uptake under CT in the soil-crop system. Increasing studies showed that the amount of soil nitrogen failed to accurately reflect the availability of soil nitrogen. The absorption of nitrogen by crops is greatly affected by the nitrogen diffusion. Thus, to figure out the effects of CT on soil nitrogen diffusion and the diffusion of nitrogen fraction, is of great importance for further research concerning the nitrogen absorption by crops.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:89
Main heading:Nitrogen
Controlled terms:Agricultural runoff - Crops - Diffusion - Enzyme activity - Forestry - Lakes - Mineralogy - Soil conservation - Soils
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural management practice - Coefficient of variation - Dissolved organic nitrogen - Nitrogen loss - Nitrogen mineralization - Soil biological properties - Soil fertility - Tillage
Classification code:461.9 Biology - 482 Mineralogy - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20191706819492
Title:Effects of C/N ratio on biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and corn straw
Title of translation:碳氮比对猪粪与玉米秸秆混合厌氧消化产沼气性能的影响
Authors:Ning, Jing (1, 2); Zhu, Gefu (1); Lv, Nan (1, 2); Pan, Xiaofang (1); Wang, Tao (1, 2); Li, Junjie (1, 2); Zhou, Mingdian (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen; 361021, China; (2) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Gefu(gfzhu@iue.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:93-98
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Anaerobic co-digestion is an effective technology to solve the limitation of low biogas production from single substrate anaerobic digestion of agricultural biomass waste, owing to its inappropriate ratio of carbon to nitrogen. It is acknowledged that C/N ratio is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of anaerobic digester. Previous studies showed that the optimum range of C/N is 20-30 on anaerobic co-digestion. However, most of the literatures only investigated the effect of C/N ratio on biogas production and few studies focused on production performance of both biogas and slurry during anaerobic co-digestion process. Thus, this study explored the effect of C/N ratio on anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and corn straw, taking both biogas production rate and nutrient content of slurry into consideration. A semi-continuous experiment was performed in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with a working volume of 8 L under mesophilic temperature condition (37±1℃). Anaerobic co-digestion was operated at C/N ratio of 13.45 (pig manure as sole feedstock), 20, 25, 30, 35 and 300 (corn straw as sole feedstock). The results showed that anaerobic co-digestion system was seriously inhibited by the accumulation of volatile fatty when the C/N ratio of feedstock was 300 corn straw as sole feedstock. In addition, specific biogas production rates and total nutrient concentration of slurry were also very low, with the values of 46.00 mL/(g•d) and 518.92 mg/L, respectively. Whereas, CSTR system was stable and achieved a relative higher specific biogas production rates and slurry concentration at the C/N ratio of 13.45 (pig manure as sole feedstock), 20, 25, 30 and 35 than at the C/N ration of 300, in which the specific biogas production rates were 493.0, 438.81, 514.75, 485.32 and 467.88 mL/(g•d) and CH<inf>4</inf> content were 67.30%, 63.99%, 63.31%, 59.96% and 57.40%, respectively. Compared with corn straw and pig manure as sole feedstock, specific biogas production rates were increased by 26.45%, 80.63%, 99.38% and 120.25% on anaerobic co-digestion systems with C/N ratio of 20, 25, 30 and 35, respectively. It was found that the anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and straw could improve the performance of anaerobic biogas production, compared to the anaerobic digestion of a single material. Meanwhile, enough nutrients were contained in slurry. In summary, optimal co-production performance of biogas and slurry was obtained when the C/N ratio of feedstock is 25 on the anaerobic co-digestion system of pig manure and corn straw. The specific biogas production rate, methane content and total nutrient concentration were 514.75 mL/(g•d), 64.01% and 660.26 mg/L, respectively. This study provides technical parameters and practical guidance for the exploration of highly efficient technology for co-production of biogas and slurry from agricultural biomass waste.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:23
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Biogas - Digestive system - Feedstocks - Fertilizers - Mammals - Manures - Nutrients - Slurries - Straw - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural biomass - Anaerobic co-digestion - Biogas production rates - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Mesophilic temperature - Nutrient concentrations - Production performance - Specific biogas productions
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.19e-01kg/m3, Mass_Density 6.60e-01kg/m3, Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 2.64e+01%, Percentage 5.74e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 6.33e+01%, Percentage 6.40e+01%, Percentage 6.73e+01%, Percentage 8.06e+01%, Percentage 9.94e+01%, Volume 8.00e-03m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20191706819498
Title:In-situ characterization of functional groups before and after biogas residue composting based on synchrotron radiation FTIR
Title of translation:同步辐射红外显微成像法原位表征沼渣堆肥前后有机物结构
Authors:Yang, Mingchao (1); Yu, Guanghui (1, 2); Xu, Yangchun (1); Shen, Qirong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Jiangsu Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin; 300072, China
Corresponding author:Yu, Guanghui(yuguanghui@njau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:138-142
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Composting is an inexpensive and sustainable treatment for biogas residues. Therefore, assessment of compost maturity is crucial for achieving high quality compost in order to guarantee its marketability. In this context, synchrotron-radiation-based infrared spectromicroscopy (SR-FTIR) was developed to in situ characterize changes of functional groups at particle scale during composting of biogas residues, which were more suitable for assessment of compost maturity than the conventional techniques in view of ease of sample preparation, rapid spectrum acquisition, and nondestructive nature of the analysis. Intact biogas residue particles (100-500 µm) were picked using superfine tweezers from samples before and after composting. The selected particles were then frozen at -20℃ and directly sectioned without embedding. Thin sections (2 µm in thickness) were cut on a cryomicrotome and transferred to infrared-reflecting MirrIR Low-E microscope slides and then observed at beamline BL01B1 of the National Center for Protein Science Shanghai (NCPSS). The results showed that all of the peaks at 2 930, 1 721, 1 436, 1 234, 1 020 and 866 cm<sup>-1</sup> were presented in biogas residue particles before and after composting, suggesting lipids (absorbance at 2 930 cm<sup>-1</sup>), carboxylic acids (absorbance at 1 721 cm<sup>-1</sup>), lignin (absorbance at 1 436 cm<sup>-1</sup>), and carbohydrates (absorbance at 1 234, 1 020 and 866 cm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively) as the main components of biogas residues. During anaerobic digestion, most of lipids in biogas residues were degraded, but only few of carboxylic acids and lignin were degraded and carbohydrates enriched in CO were formed. Furthermore, micro-FTIR spectra showed the spatial changes of organic functional groups in biogas residue particles. Compared to raw biogas residues, the peaks at 1 721 and 1 234 cm<sup>-1</sup> were disappeared after composting and formed 2 new peaks at 1 715 and 1 156 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which might relate to humification process and compost maturity in the composting process. In addition, correlation analysis between organic OH (absorbance at 3 400 cm<sup>-1</sup>) and aliphatic C (absorbance at 2 930 cm<sup>-1</sup>), carboxylic acids (absorbance at 1 721 cm<sup>-1</sup>), and carbohydrates (absorbance at 1 030 cm<sup>-1</sup>) was conducted in biogas residue particles before and after composting. A strong linear correlation among them was consistent with the results of synchrotron-radiation-based infrared mappings, confirming their co-degradation during composting. However, the distribution of functional groups in biogas residues after composting was more heterogeneous than that before composting. Taken together, synchrotron-radiation-based infrared spectromicroscopy provided information about the distribution pattern of functional groups in the biogas residue particles, while micro-FTIR spectra showed spatial changes of functional groups within biogas residues. In summary, synchrotron-radiation-based infrared spectromicroscopy is expected to be a new method to characterize compost maturity during composting of biogas residues.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Anaerobic digestion - Carbohydrates - Carboxylic acids - Composting - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Functional groups - Lignin - Lipids - Radiation - Synchrotron radiation - Synchrotrons - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas residues - Conventional techniques - FTIR - In-situ characterization - Infrared spectromicroscopy - Maturity - Organic functional groups - Sustainable treatments
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801 Chemistry - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 932.1.1 Particle Accelerators
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20191706819500
Title:Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of biochar produced from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin
Title of translation:温度对纤维素半纤维素和木质素热解炭理化性能的影响
Authors:Peng, Hehuan (1); Xu, Jiajia (1); Wu, Youlong (1); Zhang, Wenbiao (1); Ma, Zhongqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Bamboo Resources and High-Efficiency Utilization, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an; 311300, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Zhongqing(mazq@zafu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:149-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Biochar is produced from slow pyrolysis at high temperature in the atmosphere of limited or without oxygen, which is a infusible, stable, highly aromatic, and porous carbon-rich material. It could be widely used in the energy, agriculture, environment, and material industry. In this paper, the biochar, derived from biomass three major components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), was produced by the tube furnace with programmed temperature controlling. Then, the effect of pyrolysis temperature (250, 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, and 850℃) on the properties of biochar was investigated by several instruments, such as elementary analyzer, bomb calorimeter, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (<sup>13</sup>C NMR), Thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that, as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 250 to 850℃, the mass yields of cellulose char, hemicellulose char, and lignin char were gradually decreased from 94.23%, 63.06% and 87.14% to 17.01, 20.67%, and 41.40%, respectively, and the energy yields cellulose char, hemicellulose char, and lignin char were gradually decreased from 94.23%, 55.7%, and 77.82% to 58.69%, 12.91%, and 31.09%, respectively. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the content of C in biochar derived from biomass three major components all increased, while the content of H and O, the value of H/C and O/C all decreased, especially more remarkably in the temperature of 250-450℃. The FTIR analysis indicated that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the absorbance of functional groups (-OH, -CH<inf>3</inf>, -CH<inf>2</inf>, C=O, C=C, benzene ring skeleton, C-O, C-H, etc.) on the biochar derived from biomass three major components all decreased. The XRD analysis indicated that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the intensity of crystalline structure of the cellulose I<inf>α</inf>(triclinic) and I<inf>β</inf>(monoclinic) in the cellulose char and hemicellulose char decreased, while the graphite structure of (002) and (101) in cellulose char, hemicelluloses char and lignin char increased. The <sup>13</sup>C NMR analysis indicated that as the pyrolysis temperature increased, the content of alkyl-C, O-alkyl-C, and carboxylic-C all decreased in the biochar derived from three major components, while the Aryl-C all increased. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the weight loss rate at peaks of DTG curves from cellulose char and hemicellulose char gradually decreased, while that of lignin char increased, meanwhile the temperature at peaks of DTG curves shift towards the side of high temperature. As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the shrinking of cellulose char occurred, and the diameter of cellulose char decreased; melt phase with substantial foaming formed in the hemicellulose char, the hemicellulose char became laminar structure material; the pore structure of lignin char became stronger, and spherical metallic crystal formed on the surface of lignin char. This study will provide basic data for the production and application of biochar.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Atmospheric temperature
Controlled terms:Biomass - Calorimeters - Cellulose - Crystal structure - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Lignin - Magnetic resonance spectrometers - Nuclear magnetic resonance - Physicochemical properties - Pore structure - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - X ray diffraction
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Crystalline structure - Fourier transform infrared spectrometry - Hemicellulose - Programmed temperature - Pyrolysis temperature - Thermogravimetric analyzers - X ray diffractometers
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933.1.1 Crystal Lattice - 942.3 Magnetic Instruments - 944.5 Temperature Measuring Instruments
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.29e+01%, Percentage 2.07e+01%, Percentage 3.11e+01%, Percentage 4.14e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 6.31e+01%, Percentage 7.78e+01% to 5.87e+01%, Percentage 9.42e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20191706819497
Title:Accelerating organic matter degradation and reducing NH<inf>3</inf> emission during constant high temperature composting of cattle manure and corn straw with addition of porous material
Title of translation:多孔填充剂促进牛粪秸秆高温恒温堆肥有机质降解减少氮损失
Authors:Li, Xu (1, 2); Lu, Mingyi (1, 2); Shi, Xiaoshuang (2); Xu, Xiaohui (2); Guo, Rongbo (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (2) Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao; 266101, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Rongbo(guorb@qibebt.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:132-137
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Composting is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for dealing with animal manure which could bring great pollution to the environment without reasonable disposing. But the conventional composting usually needs very long time to reach stable and matured, accompanied with amounts of nitrogen nutrients loss either. Porous materials are often added into the composting pile as bulking agents to solve these problems due to some good properties in these materials, such as high porosity, great specific surface area and adsorption capacity. In this study, 3 kinds of porous material (ceramsite, semicoke and biochar) were chosen as the bulking agent and a control group added with no porous material was set. Especially ceramsite and semicoke were utilized in composting for the first time. Biochar is the porous bulking agent with the highest usage frequency and with excellent efficiency on enhancing composting process, but biochar is expensive. A 14 d lab-scale continuous thermophilic composting method was used for the composting of dairy manure and corn straw by controlling the entire composting process at a thermophilic environment of 55℃. Comparisons about effects of these materials on the biodegradation and NH<inf>3</inf> emission of dairy manure and other properties were investigated. The results showed that all the 3 materials could accelerate the biodegradation of the waste and reduce the NH<inf>3</inf> emission. After 14 d composting, the organic matter loss ratio of the control group was only 21.28%, but the total NH<inf>3</inf> emission of the control group was the most (182.75 mg) compared with other treatments. Compared with the control group, the group added with biochar had an increase of 17.19% in the organic matter loss ratio (38.47%) and decrease of 12.8% in the total NH<inf>3</inf> emission (159.38 mg). Group added with ceramsite and biochar had less organic matter loss ratio (32.8% and 33.0% respectively) and more NH<inf>3</inf> emission (172.81 mg and 166.01 mg respectively) than biochar group, but had much better effects compared with the control group. Water soluble carbon of all groups attained the maturation standard (≤5 mg/g dry weight), except the control group. The degradation ratio of water soluble carbon of ceramsite, semicoke and biochar groups (54.78%, 48.71% and 59.54% respectively) were higher than the control group (45.34%), indicating that the addition of ceramsite, semicoke and biochar could promote the maturation of compost. Many other parameters like temperature, pH value and electronic conductivity value were also analyzed, but there were not significant differences among the groups. In a conclusion, the porous material as bulking agent could improve the microbial activity, accelerate the biodegradation of the organic and reduce the NH<inf>3</inf> emission during the composting of agriculture waste. Better effects were revealed in biochar group, but ceramsite and semicoke were much cheaper. Furthermore, not like the fragile and easily destroyed biochar, ceramsite and semicoke have stable physical structure which makes them recyclable. So there are great prospects for the utilization of ceramsite and semicoke in composting, espectively semicoke which is a solid waste from the oil refining industry, but further investigation needs to be conducted.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Process control
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biodegradation - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Carbon - Composting - Fertilizers - Manures - Organic compounds - Petroleum prospecting - Piles - Porous materials - Straw - Waste treatment
Uncontrolled terms:Adsorption capacities - Bio chars - Ceramsite - Electronic conductivity - Oil-refining industry - Organic matter degradations - Semi-coke - Water-soluble carbons
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.8 Biotechnology - 481.2 Geochemistry - 512.1.2 Petroleum Deposits : Development Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.59e-04kg, Mass 1.66e-04kg, Mass 1.73e-04kg, Mass 1.83e-04kg, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.72e+01%, Percentage 2.13e+01%, Percentage 3.28e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 3.85e+01%, Percentage 4.53e+01%, Percentage 4.87e+01%, Percentage 5.48e+01%, Percentage 5.95e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20191706819511
Title:Spatial distribution characteristics of arable land grade in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong Region
Title of translation:京津冀鲁地区耕地等别空间分布特征研究
Authors:Zhang, Zhilei (1, 2); Kong, Xiangbin (1, 2); Zhang, Qingpu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality, Monitoring and Control, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100193, China
Corresponding author:Kong, Xiangbin(kxb@cau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:230-237
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Understanding the distribution characteristics of cultivated land grade in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region at different spatial scales can provide a theoretical basis for cultivated land quality protection and improvement, and the optimized spatial distribution of cultivated land. In this study, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of cultivated land quality grade in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region based on the national collection results of annual database of the cultivated land quality in 2014 and the methods including area-weighted averages, spatial analyses and geo-statistical analysis. Firstly, the average cultivated land quality of the whole area, provinces (cities) and secondary index areas of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region were calculated by the area-weighted averages method of cultivated land quality, and the characteristics of the average cultivated land quality at different scales were analyzed. Secondly, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the cultivated land quality in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong by ArcGIS software. Finally, we studied the aggregations features of the cultivated land aggregation in provinces (cities) by used the method of location index, definitely of the distribution characteristics of cultivated land in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region. The results showed that the quality grade ranged from 4 to 15 with an average of 9.5, which was relatively higher than the national average. There was a great gap of cultivated land grade among the different provinces. The cultivated land grade in the Shandong provinces had a higher quality, which ranged from 7 to 9. However, that in Hebei provinces had a lower grade that ranged from 9 to 14. The cultivated land grade in the southeast counties was higher than the northwest. The cultivated land grade was significant different in the different agricultural grading zones. Cultivated land grade in Huang-huai-hai Plain was 5.7 higher than Dam mountain plateau. Concentration degree of cultivated land quality in the plain area was higher than the mountainous area. The main causes affecting the spatial difference of cultivated land quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region were the light temperature/climate, agricultural production conditions and socio-economic conditions further perturbed its differentiation law. At the same time, as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region across eight latitudes, the thermal conditions and water-heat combination gradually decreased from south to north, and soil, vegetation also underwent the corresponding zonal changes. Complex geomorphological types restricted distinctly the distribution of cultivated land quality. In the future, in order to protect cultivated land in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong region, the "cultivated land -occupying and compensating balance policy" should be strictly implement, the scale of high-quality cultivated land should be strictly management, sandy land should be improved, adopted to realize important the concentration of farming fields are in pieces. This research provides a reference for policy making about regional comprehensive planning, regional cultivated land resource security, permanent prime farmland protection and delineation, cultivated land occupation, balance and land remediation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Economics - Farms - Grading - Land use - Landforms - Remediation - Scales (weighing instruments) - Spatial variables measurement - Statistical methods
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Comprehensive planning - Concentration degree - Cultivated land qualities - Distribution characteristics - Farmland - Shandong - Socio-economic conditions
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.1 Geology - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 943.2 Mechanical Variables Measurements - 943.3 Special Purpose Instruments - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20191706819508
Title:Irrigation optimization of pepper in Shule River Basin based on observation and simulation
Title of translation:基于观测与模拟结合的疏勒河流域辣椒灌溉制度优化
Authors:Jiang, Guangyu (1); Wang, Zhongjing (1, 2, 3); Shang, Songhao (1, 2); Deng, Jianwei (4); Sheng, Caihong (5)
Author affiliation:(1) Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing; 100084, China; (3) State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining; 810016, China; (4) Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (5) Shule River Basin Water Resources Administrative Bureau of Gansu Province, Yumen; 735211, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhongjing(zj.wang@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:207-213
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to overcome the barriers on conducting field irrigation experiments including limited number of treatments and level setting, a large number of influencing factors as well as the high cost of human and material resources, this paper establishes an irrigation scheduling analysis method through combination of field observation and numerical simulation. The method was applied to analyze the water consumption characteristics and irrigation scheduling of pepper under the condition of border irrigation in the Shule River Basin. Field observations included soil volumetric moisture content, crop plant height, meteorological data, and soil physical parameters. The Hydrus-1D model was adopted in the method to simulate the water movement process during crop growth period. The calibration and verification of the model were conducted by using data of measured soil volumetric moisture content in the first and second half of pepper growth period, respectively. RMSE (root mean square error) and RMSD (root mean square deviation) were used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the model. RMSE reflected the average degree of absolute error between the simulated value and the measured value. RMSD was the standardization of RMSE, and reflected the degree of deviation between the simulated value and the measured value. The calibrated and validated model was used to analyze the water consumption law of the crop growth process, and numerical experiments of the irrigation scheduling scenario were conducted to find the better irrigation scheduling with minimum water stress and deep percolation. The amount of water stress was defined as the cumulative amount of soil water content less than 60% of field capacity in the maximum root layer. The results of the method application showed that the total water consumption of pepper during the whole growth period was 456.76 mm under current irrigation scheduling. The ranking of average daily water consumption intensity was swelling stage > fruit setting stage > flowering stage > maturity stage > seedling stage. The results also showed that there was serious deep percolation loss, and water stress occurred in several growth periods, for the amount of deep percolation in the current scheduling during the whole growth period was 171.56 mm and that of water stress was 39.46 mm. In order to obtain the better irrigation scheduling, 96 new scenarios for irrigation scheduling were developed, which included 6 irrigation amounts for each application and 16 irrigation time intervals. With the increase of TIA (total irrigation amount), WC (water consumption) showed an increasing trend, and then became steady, and the range of TIA for WC peaks was 950-1 120 mm. WS (water stress) showed a trend of rapidly decreasing with the increase of TIA, and became extremely small after TIA exceeded 750 mm. With the increase of TIA, DP (deep percolation) showed a trend of slowly increasing first and then rapidly increasing linearly. According to the principle of minimum amount of deep percolation and water stress, taking into account the operating intensity and acceptability of the farmers, this paper proposed that the border irrigation scheduling of pepper in Shule River Basin should be: 525 mm for the total irrigation amount, 9 times irrigation per year, 30-day interval between 2 irrigations in the seedling period, 15-day interval in other growth periods, and 45-80 mm for the irrigation amounts for each application. In practice, it can be adjusted according to specific climatic conditions and soil moisture monitoring.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Irrigation
Controlled terms:Crops - Mean square error - Meteorology - Moisture control - Moisture determination - Numerical methods - Optimization - Plants (botany) - Rivers - Scheduling - Soil moisture - Solvents - Watersheds
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration and verification - Deep percolation - HYDRUS-1D - Pepper - River basins - RMSE (root mean square error) - Root mean square deviations - Volumetric moisture content
Classification code:444.1 Surface Water - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 912.2 Management - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 944.2 Moisture Measurements
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 1.72e-01m, Size 3.95e-02m, Size 4.50e-02m to 8.00e-02m, Size 4.57e-01m, Size 5.25e-01m, Size 7.50e-01m, Size 9.50e-01m to 1.12e+00m, Age 4.11e-02yr, Age 8.22e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20191706819478
Title:Passivation effect of Cd by sepiolite in anaerobic fermentation products with pig manure and straw
Title of translation:海泡石对猪粪秸秆厌氧发酵产物中Cd的钝化效果研究
Authors:Li, Yi (1); Qu, Zhuangzhuang (1); Gong, Junlu (1); Gong, Xinglong (1); Guo, Jingyang (1); Zhang, Zhen (1); Yi, Weiming (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Engineering College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255049, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Weiming(yiweiming@sdut.syau.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-6
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Livestock and poultry wastes are important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. Although anaerobic fermentation is the most harmless, reduced and resourced use method for livestock waste, however, due to the use of feed additives, the content of heavy metals in livestock manure is increased, therefore, how to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution in the biogas residue during anaerobic fermentation is still less studied. Therefore, the mixed raw materials of pig manure and corn stover were used as fermentation raw materials, and heavy metal Cd was used as research object. By adding 2.5% of sepiolite as a passivating agent, a fermentation test was carried out for 60 days at 35℃. The distribution of organic carbon and heavy metal Cd in organic matter were analyzed by H<inf>2</inf>O, KCl, Na<inf>4</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, NaOH and HNO<inf>3</inf> fractionation methods. The results showed that the organic matter content in the biogas residue decreased rapidly in the start and middle stages of the fermentation progressed, then slow reduction in the later stage. The content of organic matter in the biogas residue decreased after the addition of passivating agent; the total organic carbon content extracted by H<inf>2</inf>O, KCl, Na<inf>4</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf>, NaOH and HNO<inf>3</inf> were between 10%-20% during fermentation. The proportion of HA increased significantly, the proportion of FA decreased significantly, and HA/FA also increased, indicating that the addition of sepiolite increased the degree of humification of humus. The amount of Cd extracted from biogas residue reached 80% of the total amount. Most of the heavy metal Cd was presented in the humus (Na<inf>4</inf>P<inf>2</inf>O<inf>7</inf> extraction state and NaOH extraction state), and their proportions were 20.69%-29.85% and 21.78%-29.9%, respectively. The proportion of water-soluble and exchangeable heavy metal Cd gradually decreased with the progress of fermentation process, the mineral state and residual state gradually increased. Most of Cd in the biogas residue before fermentation was primarily associated with FA of the humus. As the fermentation progressed, the HA content increased, the FA content decreased, and the HA/FA also increased gradually, which enhanced the stability of Cd in the humus, thereby reducing the toxic effect of heavy metal Cd in the biogas residue. Therefore, the mixed anaerobic fermentation of pig manure and straw with the addition of sepiolite as a passivating agent in this process can reduce the risk of heavy metal contamination.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:Cadmium
Controlled terms:Additives - Agriculture - Biogas - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Chemical contamination - Chlorine compounds - Extraction - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Heavy metals - Mammals - Manures - Organic carbon - Passivation - Pollution - Potassium compounds - Sodium hydroxide - Soils - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Anaerobic fermentation - Fractionation methods - Heavy metal contamination - Heavy metal pollution - Organic matter content - Sepiolite - Total organic carbon content
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 481.2 Geochemistry - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 539.2.1 Protection Methods - 549.3 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys excluding Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.64e-01yr, Percentage 1.00e+01% to 2.00e+01%, Percentage 2.07e+01% to 2.99e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+01% to 2.99e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+00%, Percentage 8.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20191706819489
Title:Comparison analysis of ideal performance coefficients for different heat pumps driving air conditioning modes
Title of translation:热泵驱动空调方式的理想性能系数对比研究
Authors:Peng, Donggen (1); Xu, Shaohua (1); Luo, Danting (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering And Architecture, Nanchang University, Nanchang; 330031, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:73-80
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The liquid dehumidification and heat pump hybrid (LDHP) system, the temperature-humidity independent control (THIC) system and traditional heat pump (HP) system have been being studied by researchers. In the LDHP system, the supply air was cooled by heat pump firstly and then was sent to the dehumidifier for dehumidification, finally the air after dehumidification was sent to the indoor environment. The heat and mass transfer in dehumidifier and regenerator would release/absorb moisture latent heat; therefore, heat absorption/extraction through a heat pump could be used to achieve isothermal dehumidification/regeneration in an ideal process. In the THIC system, the liquid dehumidification system was adopted to handle the fresh air and part of the return air, which was utilized to deal with the entire latent heat load indoors. Meanwhile, the rest of return air was cooled by the heat pump so as to remove indoor sensible heat load. In the ideal HP system, the outdoor air was preheated by indoor exhaust air in the total heat exchanger, and then mixed with return air, Then the mixed supply air was cooled and condensate by the heat pump. Under ideal conditions, the process from reheating the air under dew point to reach the air supply state was able to absorb heat from outdoor by the ideal heat engine in which the air under dew point was heated and output work yielded at the same time. In this paper, models of ideal reversible process were constructed to analyze the theoretical maximum of the coefficient of performance (COP) for the above-mentioned system under different conditions. Meanwhile, the influences of different supply air temperature, enthalpy humidity ratio, indoor and outdoor environmental air conditions on the COP of those system were also discussed. Results indicated that increasing the supply air temperature difference or reducing the enthalpy humidity ratio would decrease the COP of three mentioned systems in ideal condition, and simultaneously the COP was more significantly affected by the supply air temperature difference. When the enthalpy humidity ratio was 5 000, the supply air temperature difference increased from 2 to 10℃, COP of LDHP system and HP system fell by 26% and 18% respectively, which was far below the 63% of THIC system. When the enthalpy humidity ratio ranging from 4 000 to 20 000, the COP of LDHP, THIC and HP system increased by 28%, 99% and 33%, respectively. At the same time, the influences of indoor and outdoor environmental air parameters on the COP of those systems were also involved. The COP of the three systems all increased with increasing the indoor air design temperature or relative humidity, which had nearly doubled in the whole simulation range. Meanwhile, during the process of the outdoor environmental air temperature and relative humidity varying from 28℃, 60% to 38℃, 85%, the COP of LDHP system, HP system, THIC system decreased by 78.3%, 59.7% and 52.1% respectively, and the COP was more obviously affected by the air temperature. Furthermore, the COP of the LDHP system was the largest, followed by the HP system, and the THIC system was the lowest under the simulation conditions. The research results in this paper provided a theoretical guidance for the selection and optimization of the three air-conditioning methods.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Air navigation
Controlled terms:Air conditioning - Atmospheric humidity - Atmospheric temperature - Coefficient of performance - Enthalpy - Heat pump systems - Humidity control - Latent heat - Liquids - Mass transfer - Temperature - Thermal load
Uncontrolled terms:Dehumidification system - Dehumidification/regeneration - Heat and mass transfer - Heat pumps - Independent control - Selection and optimizations - Supply air temperature - Temperature humidity
Classification code:431.5 Air Navigation and Traffic Control - 443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 641.3 Mass Transfer - 643.3 Air Conditioning
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.80e+01%, Percentage 2.60e+01%, Percentage 2.80e+01%, Percentage 3.30e+01%, Percentage 5.21e+01%, Percentage 5.97e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 7.83e+01%, Percentage 8.50e+01%, Percentage 9.90e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20191706819501
Title:Effects of pretreatment methods on properties of activated carbon from rice husk
Title of translation:预处理方法对稻壳基活性炭性能的影响研究
Authors:Lu, Wei (1); Zhang, Shuping (1, 2); Liu, Xinzhi (1); Zhang, Houlei (1); Zhu, Shuguang (1); Chen, Tao (2); Xiong, Yuanquan (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing; 210094, China; (2) School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing; 210096, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Shuping(zhangsp@njust.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:157-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:This paper followed the steps below for sample preparation. Rice husk (RH) was taken as the raw material, 10 g rice husk mixed with 200 mL water at 180℃ and 1.1 MPa for 1 h in a hydrothermal reactor. By the steps of cooling, filtration, washing to neutral, drying, the water-heated rice husk was obtained. 200 mL of 15% Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> solution put into 10 g water-heated rice husk and with 2 h desiliconization at 80-100℃, washed in water at 80℃ until it turn to neutral, then drying and hydrothermal desiliconization pretreated rice husk (STRH) was obtained. 5 g STRH was put in 50 mL FeCl<inf>3</inf> solution with a concentration of 0.02 g/mL, then with ultrasonic immersed for 3 h at room temperature, evaporating the water on a rotary evaporator, adding magnetizing agent, the rice husk after magnetization (MSTRH) was obtained. And the rice husk after activition (MSTRH-1) was made by 5 g MSTRH mixing with 50 mL ZnCl<inf>2</inf> solution with a concentration of 0.1 g/mL and then following the steps as MSTRH. The difference between with MSTRH and MSTRH-1 was activating agent was added at the end of the preparation of MSTRH-1. The MSTRH-1 was activated at 600℃ for 2 h in a nitrogen atmosphere with volume flow of 200 mL/min. All the solid products were washed with dilute hydrochloric acid and then washed with deionized water until neutral, after drying the magnetic activated carbon was obtained, they were named by RHC, STRHC, MSTRHC and MSTRHC-1. The pretreated rice husk and activated carbon were characterized and analyzed to investigate the effects of different pretreatment methods on the preparation of magnetic activated carbon. In the study, the parameter such as high calorific value, surface functional group, thermo gravimetric curve crystal structure, specific surface area and pore structure, specific surface area and pore structure, surface morphology, magnetic performance were measured by calorimeter (SDACM3000), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, Bruker Vector 22), thermogravimetric analyzer (TG, TherMax), X-ray diffractometer (XRD, X'TRA), automatic micropore physisorption analyzer (BET, ASAP 2020M), scanning electron microscope(SEM, LEO1530VP), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM, Lakeshore7407). The performance of different pretreated rice husk and magnetic activated carbon could be compared. All measurements were taken 3 times. The Na<inf>2</inf>CO<inf>3</inf> catalyzed the pyrolysis of rice husk, which expanded the pore structure, and the dehydration and decarbonylation during hydrothermal reduces oxygen containing groups, so the calorific value was increasing. The addition of magnetic agent inhibits the pyrolysis rate of rice husk but improved the pyrolysis yield. After the pretreatment of adding magnetic agent, the tubular carbon structure was formed on the surface, which increased the specific surface area. Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf> increased the magnetic property remarkably. The addition of activating agent promoted rice husk carbonization, and increased solid product yield and greatly improved the pore structure of activated carbon. However, the magnetic property of rice husk and magnetic activated carbon decreased because of the formation of zinc complex, but the product could still be selected by magnetic separation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Crystal structure
Controlled terms:Activated carbon - Agricultural wastes - Calorific value - Carbon - Carbonization - Chemical activation - Chlorine compounds - Deionized water - Drying - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Iron oxides - Magnetic properties - Magnetic separation - Magnetism - Magnetite - Morphology - Pore structure - Pyrolysis - Scanning electron microscopy - Sodium Carbonate - Sodium compounds - Specific surface area - Surface morphology - Water filtration - Zinc chloride
Uncontrolled terms:Magnetic activated carbon - Oxygen containing groups - Pre-Treatment - Rice husk - Surface functional groups - Thermogravimetric analyzers - Vibrating sample magnetometer - X ray diffractometers
Classification code:445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 933.1.1 Crystal Lattice
Numerical data indexing:Mass 1.00e-02kg, Mass 5.00e-03kg, Mass_Density 1.00e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e+01kg/m3, Pressure 1.10e+06Pa, Time 1.08e+04s, Time 3.60e+03s, Time 7.20e+03s, Volume 2.00e-04m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20191706819496
Title:Development analysis for fertilizer utilization of agricultural planting and animal wastes in China
Title of translation:中国种养业废弃物肥料化利用发展分析
Authors:Tian, Shenzhong (1); Guo, Honghai (1); Yao, Li (1); Gong, Zhiyuan (1); Dong, Liang (1); Bian, Wenfan (1); Luo, Jiafa (2); Zhang, Yufeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan; 250100, China; (2) Agriculture Research, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton; 3240, New Zealand
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yufeng(zhyfsdu@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:123-131
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, a large number of wastes increase rapidly with the agriculture and livestock development in China. However, these wastes aggravate environmental pollution and lead to cause resource wasting due to the lack of understanding on the agricultural and livestock wastes that as an available resource, especially using for organic fertilizer. Under the policy background of "speeding up the resources utilization of wastes ", in order to solve some problems on organic fertilizer utilization for wastes of agricultural and animal wastes, the innovation of technology and equipment should be speed up to utilize potential nutrients pool of wastes. It is of important to reduce the input of chemical fertilizer and to mitigate agricultural non-point source pollution, also has great significance to promote the green and healthy development for agriculture and guarantee the implementation of the strategy of "storing grain in the land" in China. Therefore, we analyzed the present situation for fertilizer utilization of agricultural and animal wastes in China using the total amount and utilization proportion of organic wastes. Also, we summarized the main ways and related technologies for fertilization utilization of wastes including crop straw returning, aerobic composting, returned by straw-animal-excretion, edible mushrooms cultivating, anaerobic digestion, charring or producing commercial organic fertilizer. However, there were many existing problems on the organic fertilizer utilization of agricultural and animal wastes such as the total amounts of waste was unclear and could not be collected unified, the sources quality of organic fertilizer from agricultural and animal wastes was uneven, the technology and equipment for organic fertilizer utilization was still lagging behind, the quality and market competitiveness of organic fertilizer was insufficient, the relevant policy guidance for organic fertilizer utilization of waste was lack. Meanwhile, we presented homologous countermeasures and suggestion according to these unsolved problems, which should be formulating collection and transportation systems of agricultural and animal wastes, improving core technology innovation on organic fertilizer utilization, strengthening the supervision of organic fertilizer market and enhancing the market competitiveness. These suggestions would promote to develop with the right direction for the organic fertilizer utilization of agricultural and animal wastes, and possibly some problems such as wastes disposal of large-scale livestock and poultry farm and crop straws using for organic fertilizer could be resolved, which also provide a reference for resource utilization of agricultural and animal wastes, especially the development of organic fertilizer utilization in China. Future, the technological innovation on optimized fermentation, non-hazardous treatment and organic fertilizer safe utilization of agricultural and animal wastes should be intensified in China. The new subject, new form, new industry for organic fertilizer utilization of wastes should be established to improve the clean process of livestock and the ecological production of wastes utilization. The utilization efficiency for organic fertilizer of agricultural and animal wastes would be increased by a newly formed situation including industrialization development, market-oriented management and scientific management and socialized service. Therefore, a newly historical opportunity for the organic fertilizer utilization of agricultural and animal wastes will be brought due to the development of science and technology, the increase of the environmental protection and the support of governmental policy in our country.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:68
Main heading:Fertilizers
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Anaerobic digestion - Animals - Commerce - Competition - Crops - Engineering research - Environmental technology - Manures - Pollution - Problem solving - Straw - Waste disposal - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Advance - Agricultural non-point source pollutions - Development of science and technologies - Environmental pollutions - Market oriented management - Organic fertilizers - Resource utilizations - Technology and equipments
Classification code:452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal - 454 Environmental Engineering - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901.3 Engineering Research - 911.2 Industrial Economics
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20191706819482
Title:Change research of carbon, nitrogen and microbial community structure in different periods of fermentation bed for pig
Title of translation:养猪发酵床垫料不同时期碳氮和微生物群落结构变化研究
Authors:Huan, Hailin (1, 2); Gu, Hongru (1, 2); Zhang, Xia (1, 2); Pan, Xiaoqing (1, 2); Yang, Jie (1, 2); Ding, Chenglong (1, 2); Xu, Xiaoming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Gu, Hongru(guhongru@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:27-34
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In this study, 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to elucidate bacterial community structure during short-term and long-term fermented litter. The correlation between the bacterial community structure and carbon, nitrogen composition of the mattress for pig raising was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant bacteria in the microbial fermentation bed were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes etc.. Moheibacter, and Clostridium were the most abundant genus in fermentation litter. The diversity of bacterial community and principal component analysis of samples in fermentation bed showed that the cultivation time affected the diversity and composition of microbial community to a certain extent, but the difference was not significant. With the prolongation of culture time, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Cholroflexi respectively increased from 21.3% and 1.64% to 28.4% and 4.34% at the phylum level significantly(P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of eleven species, including Methylocaldum, Methylobacter, Actinomadura, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Paracoccus increased significantly. Also the relative abundance of Methylocaldum and Actinomadura increased from 0.405%, 0.570% to 2.862% and 2.19% respectively. But for Pseudomona, Psychrobacter, Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium and other species were decreased significantly, and the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Psychrobacter decreased from 2.51% and 2.13% to 0.93% and 0.18% respectively. Nitrate nitrogen content increased significantly, while organic matter, cellulose and lignin content decreased significantly. Mantel test analysis showed that it was positively correlated with significance at P<0.05 between bacterial community and cellulose content (r=0.333). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were positively correlated with cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents, while Gelidibacter and Pseudomonas were positively correlated with cellulose contents. Cellulose was an important factor affecting bacterial community in microbial fermentation bed. This study could provide a reference for choosing the appropriate proportion of the mattress and different mattress in the preparation period of fermentation bed, and improved the conversion efficiency of pig manure.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Bacteria
Controlled terms:Animals - Carbon - Cellulose - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Lignin - Mammals - Manures - Microorganisms - Nitrogen - Principal component analysis - RNA
Uncontrolled terms:Bacterial community structure - Carbon and nitrogen - High-throughput sequencing - Microbial communities - Microbial community structures - Microbial fermentation - Pig fermentation bed - Spearman correlation
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 461.9 Biology - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.64e+00% to 2.84e+01%, Percentage 1.80e-01%, Percentage 2.13e+00% to 9.30e-01%, Percentage 2.13e+01%, Percentage 2.19e+00%, Percentage 2.51e+00%, Percentage 4.05e-01% to 2.86e+00%, Percentage 4.34e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20191706819502
Title:Study on physicochemical properties of magnetic modified biochar derived from pyrolysis of pomelo peel and apricot kernel shell
Title of translation:磁改性柚子皮与杏仁壳生物炭的理化性质研究
Authors:Guo, Xiaohui (1, 2); Kang, Kang (1, 2); Yu, Xiunan (1, 2); Shang, Gaoyuan (1, 2); Qiu, Ling (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) The West Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Rural Renewable Energy Exploitation and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling; 712100, China
Corresponding author:Qiu, Ling(XBGZZH@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:164-171
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Magnetic modified biochar was prepared using pomelo peel and apricot kernel shell as the feedstock. The effects of temperature on the physicochemical properties of the magnetic modified biochar materials were investigated. Magnetic biochar was obtained through the process of initially loading iron chemicals on the raw biomass by combining with the impregnation and co-precipitation and then carbonization under different temperatures. In the magnetic biochar, iron was distributed heterogeneously, more in the outer layer than in the inner layer. The iron existed mainly in the form of Fe<inf>3</inf>O<inf>4</inf>, and a small amount in the form of complex metal oxides with aluminum, magnesium. The contents of ash and volatile matter in the magnetic biochar was increased compared to the native biochar obtained at the same temperature; while the fixed carbon contents and heating values were significantly reduced. The augment/reduction effects of magnetic modification were intensified with increasing temperature. The specific surface area and total pore volume of magnetic biochar were both increased. The specific surface area of biochar derived from pomelo peel increased from 4.163 3-5.782 7 to 4.793 7- 24.887 8 m<sup>2</sup>/g with the magnetic modification. For the apricot kernel shell, the specific surface area was elevated from 3.540 4-27.192 8 to 22.291 4-41.953 1 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The total pore volume was improved from 0.025 7-0.031 4 to 0.027 8- 0.062 2 cm<sup>3</sup>/g for the biochar derived from pomelo peel and from 0.025 3-0.065 7 to 0.0888-0.0792 cm<sup>3</sup>/g for the biochar derived from apricot kernet shell. The average pore size was overall decreased by the modification, with the mesopores still dominant. The magnetic modification treatment improved the pH values of these two feedstocks (4.82/4.78 vs. 6.26/5.38) as well as with the pH values of biochar derived from pomelo peel being pyrolyzed at temperature of 400-600℃, while the pH values of the magnetic biochar derived from apricot shell were generally lowered compared to the native biochar. The pH values were boosted from 9.59-10.09 to 10.24-10.75 for pomelo peel biochar pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400-600℃ by the magnetic modification. The values were reduced from 7.39-9.05 to 6.26-8.86 for the apricot kernel shell biochar pyrolyzed at temperature of 300-500℃. The contents of oxygen-containing functional group in the magnetic apricot kernel biochar were increased, which was indicated by the enhancement of characteristic peak of carbonyl and phenolic hydroxyl stretching vibration and explained why the pH values reduced with the increment of ash content. These results revealed that the effects of magnetic modification on the pyrolysis of pomelo peel and apricot kernel shell were very different.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Magnetism
Controlled terms:Biomass - Carbonization - Coal tar - Feedstocks - Iron - Iron oxides - Magnetite - pH - Physicochemical properties - Pore size - Pyrolysis - Shells (structures) - Specific surface area - Stretching - Temperature - Wastes
Uncontrolled terms:Apricot kernel shell - Bio chars - Characteristic peaks - Complex metal oxides - Effects of temperature - Increasing temperatures - Magnetic modification - Oxygen-containing functional groups
Classification code:408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 411.2 Coal Tar - 535.2 Metal Forming - 545.1 Iron - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 701.2 Magnetism: Basic Concepts and Phenomena - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Specific_Volume 8.88e-05m3/kg to 7.92e-05m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20191706819480
Title:Chemical N fertilizer replaced with organic fertilizer affecting yield and quality of leaf vegetable and N leaching in soils
Title of translation:有机肥替代氮化肥对叶菜产量品质和土壤氮淋失的影响
Authors:Xu, Dabing (1, 2); Zhao, Shujun (1, 2); Yuan, Jiafu (1, 2); Peng, Chenglin (1, 2); Zhou, Jianxiong (1, 2); Xia, Xiange (1); Si, Guohan (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan; 430064, China; (2) Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan; 430064, China
Corresponding author:Si, Guohan(siguoh@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue date:November 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:13-18
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Application of organic nitrogen amendments and reduction of chemical fertilizer are considered as an effective approach in sustainable agriculture. 5 field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen in organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer nitrogen (0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and marked as 100CF, 25OM75CF, 50OM50CF, 75OM25CF and 100OM) on the yields and qualities of leaf vegetables and soil nitrogen residues. The results list as follow: when compared with conventional fertilization (100CF), the similar leaf vegetables yield of pakchoi was obtained by the organic N fertilizer instead of 25% chemical N fertilizer in the first season, and 25%-100% in the second and fifth season. The treatments with the organic N fertilizer instead of 25% chemical N fertilizer gained the same yield of lettuce comparing with 100CF. For Chinese cabbage seeding, there was no difference on the yield among these different treatments. The nitrate content of pakchoi could be significantly reduced when the substitution ratio of organic nitrogen was above 50%. Only the treatments of organic N fertilizer instead of 100% chemical N fertilizer could significantly reduce the nitrate content of the Chinese cabbage seeding and the lettuce leaf. Among the 3 leafy vegetables, the highest nitrate content was obtained by pakchoi, and the lowest nitrate content was gotten by lettuce. But the treatments with organic nitrogen instead obtained much more Vitamin C (Vc) content compared with chemical fertilizer treatment in the fifth season. There was no difference on free amino acid, soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of lettuce among these different treatments. The treatments with high organic N fertilizer replaced chemical N fertilizer ratio (50% - 100%) mainly affected the soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio of pakchoi in the first season. The treatment with 100% organic N fertilizer instead ratio could increase the soluble sugar and total acid content of Chinese cabbage seeding. After fertilization, the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen mainly concentrated in the 0-20 cm plough layer. After 2 a 5-season planting, the nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil layer treated with 100CF, 25OM75CF, 50OM50CF, 75OM25CF and 100OM increased by 5.25%, 24.09%, 100.52%, 318.81% and 439.10%, and that increased by 142.11%, 59.54%, 376.18%, 543.06% and 120.48% for ammonium respectively compared with that in the first season. With the increase of organic nitrogen substitution ratio, the soil nitrate and ammonium contents decreased gradually. Compared with 100CF, the soil nitrate and ammonium reduced by 10.67%-16.11% and 23.13%-69.03% with the treatments of organic N fertilizer replacement in 0-20 cm, respectively. In addition, the soil nitrate and ammonium content in >20-40 cm reduced by 21.15%-60.77% and 2.04%-10.20% comparing with 100CF. Therefore, for the leafy vegetables, the nitrogen in organic N fertilizer instead of 25%-50% chemical N fertilizer could obtain better yield, meanwhile reducing the environmental risk of nitrate nitrogen.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Nitrogen fertilizers
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Fertilizers - Image quality - Leaching - Nitrates - Nitrogen - Soils - Vegetables
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical fertilizers - Different treatments - Effective approaches - Environmental risks - Leaf vegetables - Organic fertilizers - Sustainable agriculture - Yield
Classification code:483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821.4 Agricultural Products
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.01e+02%, Percentage 1.07e+01% to 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.20e+02%, Percentage 1.42e+02%, Percentage 2.04e+00% to 1.02e+01%, Percentage 2.11e+01% to 6.08e+01%, Percentage 2.31e+01% to 6.90e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01% to 5.00e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+02%, Percentage 3.76e+02%, Percentage 4.39e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+01% to 1.00e+02%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.25e+00%, Percentage 5.43e+02%, Percentage 5.95e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 2.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.z.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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