1. Effects of performance and concentration of GS-3 sand-fixing agent on plant growth

Accession number: 20191906870469

Title of translation: GS-3

Authors: Zhong, Shuai (1, 2, 3); Han, Zhiwen (1, 2); Li, Aimin (1, 2, 3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, CAS, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China; (4) Resources and Environment Department, Heze University, Heze; 274015, China

Corresponding author: Han, Zhiwen(hzwen@lab.ac.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 107-114

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: China is one of the most serious desertification countries in the world, the desertification area covered 1.72×108 km2, involving 30 provinces (regions), which accounted for about 17.93% of the territory area by the end of 2014. Hobq Desert covering about 1.86×104 km2 is the seventh largest desert in China, which locates in the north of Ordos Plateau, and it is one of the important sandstorm source threatening the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei urban regions where the linear distance from the Hobq Desert is about 800 km. Moreover, in the eastern part of the Hobq Desert, ten tributaries of the Yellow River cross the desert, and these are called the Ten Tributaries. According to the research results, the annual sediment by floods through the Ten Tributaries could reach as high as 2.37 × 108 t. The sediment causes serious silting in the Yellow River. Therefore, it very urgently needs to control the sandy desertification of Hobq Desert. Generally speaking, there are three kinds of sand-fixation techniques, engineering sand-fixation technique, biological sand-fixation technique and chemical sand-fixation technique. Chemical sand fixing technique sprays chemically bonded materials on the sand dunes to form a consolidation layer to prevent the wind erosion. In this research, we aimed to develop efficient, environmental and low-cost sand-fixing agent in order to provide new material and technical reserve for sandy desertification control and ecological restoration in Hobq Desert. GS-3 ecological sand-fixing agent is modified vinyl acetate polymer (cationic P (VAc-BA-DMC) emulsion), which is non-toxic, tasteless, safe, environment-friendly, good combination and cohesiveness. After spraying, it can form hard, water holding and breathable consolidation layer on the surface of sand. It is suitable for mechanized operation and can be combined with biological sand-fixation measures. Through studying the physical and chemical properties of GS-3 ecological sand-fixing agent, the results showed that: 1) The consolidation layer of GS-3 had great permeability, the compressive strength was over 2 MPa, the hardness reached more than 40 mm, the quality varied slightly, and the resistance to wind erosion was excellent. 2) The GS-3 had great inhibited effect on the high temperature surface in the summer, the soil moisture was maintained effectively. The soil temperature at 0-5 cm depth was decreased by 8.1 in July. The soil moisture at 0-5 cm depth was 2.8 times higher than the control group in August. 3) The thermal insulation, air permeability, moisture retention and resistance to wind erosion of the GS-3 was of great significance to the plant growth. 4) The 4% GS-3 was the best for sand fixation, but the vegetation coverage and biomass of the 3% GS-3 were the maximum (2.4 times and 4.1 times than the control group). The price of the 3% GS-3 ecological sand-fixing agent is about 2 RMB per square meter in the Hobq Desert, but the high-banded salix psammophila sand-barriers costs about 3 RMB per square meter. With the progress of production technology, the price of the GS-3 ecological sand-fixing agent will continue to decline, which is conducive to popularization and application in large areas. Considering the cost and the effect, the 3% GS-3 was the ideal sand fixation material. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Sand

Controlled terms: Chemical properties  -  Climatology  -  Compressive strength  -  Costs  -  Ecology  -  Emulsification  -  Erosion  -  Landforms  -  Polyvinyl acetates  -  Sand consolidation   -  Soil moisture  -  Storms  -  Thermal insulation

Uncontrolled terms: Ecological restoration  -  Layer strength  -  Physical and chemical properties  -  Plants  -  Production technology  -  Sand-fixing agents  -  Sandy desertification  -  Soil environment

Classification code: 413.2 Heat Insulating Materials  -  443 Meteorology  -  443.3 Precipitation  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  511.1 Oil Field Production Operations  -  801 Chemistry  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  815.1.1 Organic Polymers  -  911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.79e+01%, Pressure 2.00e+06Pa, Size 0.00e+00m to 5.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m, Size 8.00e+05m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.013

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

2. Infiltration characteristics and wetting body model of bubbled-root irrigation under different fertilizer concentration

Accession number: 20191906870467

Title of translation:

Authors: He, Zhenjia (1, 2); Fu, Yuliang (3); Wang, Bo (4); Fei, Liangjun (5)

Author affiliation: (1) Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an; 710075, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources, Xi’an; 710075, China; (3) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou; 450045, China; (4) Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Engineering Survey Institute Co., Ltd, Xi’an; 710054, China; (5) Institute of Water Resources, Xi’an University of Ttechnology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 90-99

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Bubbled-root irrigation is an effective method of irrigation that transports water and fertilizer to roots of fruit trees. This study investigated the infiltration characteristics of the bubbled-root irrigation and the changes of water and nitrogen transport in the wetting body. A field experiment was carried out in Yulin city, Shanxi. During the experiment, water was supplied by a Markov bottle. The emitter flow rate was 5 L/h. The irrigation amount was 30 L. The nitrogen-fertilizer was urea with nitrogen not less than 46.4%. The fertilizer concentration was 5, 10 and 20 g/L. The irrigation without fertilizer was as control. The cumulative infiltration was determined and it dynamic change was fitted by a Kostiakov model. The infiltration-increasing rate was calculated by difference between cumulative infiltration of fertilizer treatments and that of control dividing by the cumulative infiltration of control. In addition, the water content and ammonium N content were measured. Soil samples along the profile 0-100 cm (in an interval of 10 cm) were collected from the position where the emitter was, at the distance of 12.5 and 25 cm away from the emitter, respectively. The sensitivity of water distribution and nitrogen distribution in soils was assessed by comprehensive sensitivity coefficient when the fertilizer concentration increased by 100 g/L or decreased by 50 g/L. The results showed that the cumulative infiltration increased with infiltration time following a Kostiakov power function model (R2>0.9). The infiltration rate decreased with time. The cumulative infiltration and infiltration-increasing rate both increased with increasing fertilizer concentration. The wetting front shift distance increased with infiltration time. When the fertilizer concentration increased, the horizontal wetting front shift distance increased slightly but the vertically upward and downward wetting front shift distance increased greatly. Models of wetting front shift distance based on fertilizer concentration and infiltration time were established. It had a high accuracy and the relative error between measured and simulated value was -3.84%-5.20%. The fertilizer concentration could slightly affect the volume of wetted body. Models were established to estimate soil water content and NH4+-N concentration of bubbled-root irrigation under different fertilizer concentrations. Both of the models had the high accuracy with the relative error between measured and estimated values less than 10%. The models could estimate the soil water content and NH4+-N content at different locations. Within the wetted body, the relationship between soil water content and NH4+-N content could be described by power functions, while in the outside of the wetted body, the ratio of initial fertilizer concentration to initial soil water content was a constant. The change of fertilizer concentration could be caused by the change of unit water content within a certain concentration range. At the end of irrigation, NH4+-N content decreased with increasing the distance away from the emitter at the same buried depth of emitter. It increased with the increase in the fertilizer concentration. The NH4+-N content increased greatly before 3 h and the increase amplitude gradually decreased after 3 days. The comprehensive sensitivity coefficient of water distribution to fertilizer concentration change was 0.029-0.076 while that of NH4+-N distribution was 0.148-0.662. It indicated that the water distribution was less sensitive to fertilizer concentration, and the distribution of NH4+-N was more sensitive to fertilizer concentration. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Infiltration

Controlled terms: Bottles  -  Estimation  -  Irrigation  -  Mathematical models  -  Nitrogen  -  Nitrogen fertilizers  -  Orchards  -  Soil moisture  -  Soils  -  Urea   -  Water supply systems  -  Wetting

Uncontrolled terms: Bubbled-root irrigations  -  Cumulative infiltrations  -  Infiltration characteristic  -  Nitrogen distribution  -  Sensitivity coefficient  -  Solution infiltration  -  Water and nitrogen transports  -  Wetted body

Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  694.2 Packaging Materials  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Age 8.22e-03yr, Mass_Density 1.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 1.00e+02kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.00e+01kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e+01kg/m3, Percentage -3.84e+00% to 5.20e+00%, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 4.64e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 1.00e+00m, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.25e-01m, Size 2.50e-01m, Time 1.08e+04s, Volume 3.00e-02m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.011

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

3. Design and performance test of aerobic fermentation rotary reactor pilot plant for biogas residue

Accession number: 20191906870483

Title of translation:

Authors: Cheng, Hongsheng (1, 2); Sui, Bin (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2); Wang, Jian (1, 2); Kuang, Changgui (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technology and Model for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China

Corresponding author: Sui, Bin(suibin@agri.gov.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 224-231

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Biogas engineering based on anaerobic digestion is an important engineering way for the resource utilization of agricultural wastes (i.e. straws, livestock and poultry manure) and plays an important role in promoting the circulative agriculture. How to achieve the effective resource utilization of the digested biogas residue is important for the operation of biogas engineering. Composting is a crucial way to accomplish the harmless, reduced and resourceful utilization of biogas residues and widely applied to the treatment of manure and wastewater in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). Reactor composting, with the advantages of shorter composting period, smaller area, easier automation control and lower secondary pollution, has been widely used for the waste treatment in large-scale CAFOs. However, the technique of reactor composting still needs to be improved, for its remaining defects that may cause insufficient aeration, difficult water removal and low degree of intensification of composting stuff, which restricts its application for biogas residue composting. In this study, a pilot aerobic fermentation rotary reactor with the volume of 500 L for the integrated biogas residue composting was designed to meet the demand of rapid composting treatment of biogas residue. The aerobic fermentation rotary reactor for biogas residue was mainly composed of raw material pretreatment, aerobic fermentation, biological deodorization and reactor control unit. The rotary copying board was improved, including pushing material copy board, parallel copy board, and blocking material copy board. The ventilation system was improved by “frequency conversion air supply-controllable heating-fan-shaped cloth gas-sectional aeration” technologies. An automatic control system for the designed reactor has been developed; the biogas residue pretreatment and biological deodorization technology were integrated in the designed reactor. Based on the organic matter degradation model and the moisture removal model, the ventilation rate and frequency were optimized. The optimal process parameters of the aerobic fermentation rotary reactor were obtained, the rotary filling rate was 0.6.The rotary rotation speed was 3 r/min. The aeration frequency was aeration 12 min, interval 18 min. The aeration rates during the warming-up, thermophilic and cooling periods were 112, 114 and 110 L/min, respectively. The performance tests were carried out with biogas residue, pig manure and straw as raw materials for 15 days of composting, the ratio of biogas residue, pig manure and straw was 8.75:6.25:4, the moisture content of the mixed materials was 55%-60%, C/N was 20-25. The results showed that the reactor has the function of real-time monitoring the temperature and oxygen data of different gradients. The temperature of composting piles higher than 50 could last for 7 days during the composting process. The germination index of composted pile was more than 80% after 15 days of composting. The moisture content of composted pile was less than 30% after 15 days of composting. This study could provide technique and equipment support for the rapid composting of biogas residue. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 25

Main heading: Biogas

Controlled terms: Agriculture  -  Anaerobic digestion  -  Automation  -  Biological materials  -  Design  -  Fermentation  -  Fertilizers  -  Mammals  -  Manures  -  Moisture   -  Moisture determination  -  Odor control  -  Piles  -  Pilot plants  -  Pollution control  -  Ventilation  -  Waste utilization  -  Wastewater treatment  -  Water aeration

Uncontrolled terms: Aerobic fermentation  -  Biogas residues  -  Biological deodorizations  -  Concentrated animal feeding operations  -  Organic matter degradations  -  Reactor  -  Resource utilizations  -  Rotary

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  445.1 Water Treatment Techniques  -  452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  643.5 Ventilation  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 4.11e-02yr, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Percentage 5.50e+01% to 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+00RPM, Time 1.08e+03s, Time 7.20e+02s, Volume 5.00e-01m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.027

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

4. Experiments and effect parameters prediction model of reinforcement loose gravel soil-layers by flower pipe grouting

Accession number: 20191906870474

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Yi (1); Lu, Jie (1); Yang, Zhiquan (1); Ding, Yi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Public Security and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming; 650093, China

Corresponding author: Yang, Zhiquan(yzq1983816@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 151-157

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Grouting technology with very strong practicality and wide application can be used to reinforce loose gravel soil layers and improve its anti-seepage and carrying capacity. In China, loose gravel soil layers are distributed in every province, especially in the southwest and northwest mountainous areas. At present, due to their typical dual medium heterogeneity, lots of natural disasters are easily induced in loose gravel soil layers under the actions of rainfall, earthquake and human activities, such as debris flows, dammed lakes, collapses and landslides, which not only destroy a large amount of farmland, but also cause very painful accidents, and then seriously affect safety of people’s lives and property. Firstly, based on penetration grouting operational principle and grouting flower pipe technologies in this research, some grouting experiments of reinforcing loose gravel soil layers had been carried out by analyzing and selecting four important influencing factors (grouting pressure, water cement ratio of cement grouting, mean hole distance of side grouting holes in grouting flower pipe and porosity of loose gravel soil layers). After that, according to numerical analysis method and Minitab 16 software, interrelations among grouting reinforcement effect parameters (such as grouting amount, diffusion radius, diffusion height, compressive strength of grouting stone body, et al) of loose gravel soil layers and influencing factors were researched, and then corresponding prediction models of these effect parameters which contains grouting pressure, water cement ratio of cement grouting, mean hole distance of side grouting holes in grouting flower pipe and porosity of loose gravel soil layers also were discussed. What is more, these prediction models were validated by means of designing indoor grouting experiments. Research results show that: 1) cement grouting injected into grouting flower pipe from top injection hole flows into in turn loose gravel soil layers from top to bottom through side grouting holes, while a small amount of it finally flows out from bottom grouting hole; A whole grouting stone body with approximately cylindrical shape is formed as cement grouting from adjacent grouting holes is compatible in loose gravel soil layer. 2) Predicted values of grouting amount calculated by grouting amount prediction models are less than actual measured values from grouting verification experiments, while predicted values of diffusion radius, diffusion height and compressive strength of grouting stone body are all more than corresponding actual measured values. And then these predicted values of grouting reinforcement effect parameters calculated by prediction models have within 10% relative error with the actual measurement values by grouting verification experiments, but these differences values are admitted. Thus, these prediction models of grouting reinforcement effect parameters constructed in this paper may take grouting amount, diffusion radius, diffusion height and compressive strength of stone body of reinforced loose gravel soil-layers by grouting technologies as design basis. Therefore, these research achievements obtained in this research may not only provide theoretical reference for disaster prevention, reduction and mitigation of debris flow, dammed lake, landslide and collapse induced in the loose gravel soil layers, but also can provide technical support for actual grouting engineering of controlled loose gravel soil layers by grouting technology. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Concrete construction

Controlled terms: Cements  -  Compressive strength  -  Debris  -  Diffusion  -  Disaster prevention  -  Disasters  -  Forecasting  -  Gravel  -  Grouting  -  Lakes   -  Landslides  -  Models  -  Mortar  -  Numerical methods  -  Porosity  -  Reinforcement  -  Slope protection  -  Soil cement  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Collapses and landslides  -  Effect parameters  -  Gravel soils  -  Grouting engineerings  -  Grouting reinforcements  -  Operational principles  -  Prediction model  -  Research achievements

Classification code: 405.2 Construction Methods  -  412 Concrete  -  412.1 Cement  -  414.3 Mortar (Before 1993, use code 412)  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.018

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

5. Analysis on fallow governance behavior of farmers in heavy metal polluted region based on theory of planned behavior

Accession number: 20191906870488

Title of translation:

Authors: Yu, Zhenning (1); Tan, Yongzhong (1); Lian, Kuan (1); Wu, Cifang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Land Academy for National Development of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou; 310058, China

Corresponding author: Tan, Yongzhong(tanyongzhong@zju.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 266-273

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution in China is a serious threat to the sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, the Chinese government attaches great importance to the treatment of heavy metal pollution in cultivated land. At the technical level of heavy metal treatment, many scholars have conducted a lot of researches on technical feasibility, restoration effect and pollution monitoring. However, there are few researches on the behavior of farmers to participate in the treatment of heavy metal pollution. At present, China is implementing the fallow policy. During the fallow period, some repair measures are carried out on heavy metal contaminated farmland. What are the behavioral intentions and behavioral responses of the farmers? How to improve farmers’ willingness and initiative? This study was carried out in the Chaling County with heavy metal pollution in Hunan Province. And a three-month household survey was conducted in September 2017, and 247 valid samples were eventually used for the research. Based on the theory of planned behavior, a model of farmer’s participation in fallow behavior was constructed, and the structural equation model was used to test the applicability of the model. The results show that in the fallow of heavy metal contaminated farmland, farmers’ action logic follows “cognition-willingness-behavior” route. The behavioral response of farmers is influenced by their behavioral intention, attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and willingness served as a completely intermediation between cognition and behavior and an indispensable link in action. In addition, the perceived behavioral control not only affects the farmers’ behavioral intention, also directly affects the behavioral response. The particularity of heavy metal pollution farmland and risk countermeasures enable farmers maintained a relatively cautious attitude action, the behavior of farmers is closer to the “rational decisions”. In order to rationally guide farmers to participate in the fallow and improve fallow policy, the basic principle of the fallow for the heavy metal contaminated farmland is to respect the farmers’ intention and stabilize the income of the farmers. In the process of concrete implementation, the compensation standard should be reasonably formulated and timely distributed to ensure the satisfaction of farmers’ income compensation. It is necessary not only to strengthen the training of farmers to improve the cognition of their fallow benefits, but also to train rural cadres systematically, so as to better play the coordinating role of the village committee. In addition, during the fallow period, a large number of farmers are left idle. The government needs to provide more involved in fallow governance of jobs, and increase farmers’ income. On the one hand, it can better promote farmers’ cognitive of fallow and behavior motivation; to some extent, it can avoid the improper management of the company responsible for the treatment of heavy metal pollution. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Farms

Controlled terms: Behavioral research  -  Cultivation  -  Heavy metals  -  Land use  -  Pollution control  -  Public policy  -  Structural metals  -  Surveys

Uncontrolled terms: Behavioral intention  -  Compensation standards  -  Heavy metal pollution  -  Hunan province  -  Perceived behavioral control  -  Pollution monitoring  -  Structural equation modeling  -  Theory of Planned Behavior

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  971 Social Sciences

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.032

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

6. Investigation on vacuum singulating effect influencing factors of pneumatic precision seed metering device for small particle size of seeds

Accession number: 20191906870458

Title of translation:

Authors: Liao, Yitao (1, 2); Liao, Qingxi (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1); Zheng, Juan (1); Gao, Liping (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 10-17

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accurately separating a single seed from the seed population by vacuum suction precision is the core advantage for a precision pneumatic seed metering device. For spherical small particle size seeds such as rapeseed, vegetable seed, investigating on the influence mechanism of vacuum singulation process of pneumatic seed metering device through the qualified index and missing index is susceptible to subsequent seed discharging and seed guiding processes. The purpose of this research was to explore the vacuum singulation process of a precision pneumatic seed metering device which was innovated specifically for spherical small particle size seeds by employing negative vacuum and positive pressure to singulate and discharge the seed respectively. With different parameter combinations of grouped seeds, hole diameter, seeding disc rotate speed and negative pressure, the photos of seed suction and migration state on seed metering device were photographed. It were statistics and analysis that the probabilities of the holes no seed holding, single seed holding and multiple seeds holding in the seeding disc. 5 sets of seeds with different thousand seeds weight were obtained by seed screening pretreatment. The analysis of seed physical properties showed that there were large relative differences although these small-sized seeds had small particle size and light weight. The experiment revealed that small particle size seeds could be held by the hole at -200 Pa because they were light in weight, 4-6 multi-seeds holding would occur when the absolute value of negative pressure was too large. The analysis showed that the probability of single-seed holding was a highly significant correlation with factors such as thousand seeds weight, the hole diameter of seeding disc, the rotate speed of the seeding disc and negative pressure. There was an applicable negative pressure range as 1-2 times of the critical negative pressure to ensure the seed metering device to separate a single seed accurately, by which the single seed holding probability of the device was higher than 0.92, and the probabilities of no seed holding and multiple seeds holding were less than 0.04. Force analysis of the suction process showed that the critical negative pressure was related to mechanical and physical properties of seeds, hole diameter, rotate speed of seeding disc and suction reliability. The main mechanism of the variation of seeding disk rotate speed affecting the seed holding was that the fast rotation speed reduced the effective time of the hole and the seed, thereby degraded the single seed holding reliability. When the rotate speed was faster, the absolute value of the critical negative pressure to accurately separate a single seed should increase. Therefore, the reliability coefficient to calculate the negative pressure should be increased. In order to quantify the reliability coefficient of seed holding by vacuum, a nonlinear fitting calculation method was applied. The 1st, 3rd, and 5th set seeds were divided into the correction set for the fitting calculation and the 2nd and 4th set seeds were divided into the verification set. The working negative pressure with no seed holding probability 0.02 and single seed holding probability 0.92 were selected as the reference value. A mathematical model of the reliability coefficient was established with rotate speed of seeding disc and hole diameter as dependent variables. The determination coefficient of the calibration set and the verification set of the mode were both greater than 0.82, which proved the reliability coefficient could be determined by using this model. Then the critical value of negative pressure could be worked out, by which the no seed holding probability kept less than 0.04, the single seed holding probability kept more than 0.92 and the seed metering device worked at optimal status. The research clarifies the influence mechanism of positive and negative pressure combined precision metering device for small particle seed accurately separating process and provides a reference for design and performance improvement of pneumatic seed metering device. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Particle size

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Crops  -  Fits and tolerances  -  Optimization  -  Particle size analysis  -  Pneumatic materials handling equipment  -  Pneumatics  -  Probability  -  Reliability analysis  -  Separation   -  Speed

Uncontrolled terms: Determination coefficients  -  Mechanical and physical properties  -  Negative pressures  -  Parameter combination  -  Precision seed-metering devices  -  Seed metering devices  -  Small particle size  -  Statistics and analysis

Classification code: 632.3 Pneumatics  -  632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.5 Optimization Techniques  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Pressure -2.00e+02Pa

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.002

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

7. Effects of different spray precooling parameters on cooling characteristics of litchi

Accession number: 20191906870491

Title of translation:

Authors: Lü, Enli (1); Chen, Minglin (1); Liu, Yanhua (2); Guo, Jiaming (1); Huang, Hao (1); Yu, Xinxin (1); Li, Pengfei (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China; (2) Engineering Fundamental Teaching and Training Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou; 510642, China

Corresponding author: Liu, Yanhua(cynthial@scau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 292-298

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: To investigate the effects of spray precooling parameters on the cooling characteristics of litchi fruit, a spray precooling test platform was established. “Huaizhi” litchi fruit was chosen as raw materials for this study. The effects of spray temperature and spray flow rates on the cooling coefficient, 7/8 cooling time, and cooling uniformity, as well as the characteristics of multilayer litchi spray cooling, were studied. For spray precooling of single layer litchi, the lower the spray temperature was, the bigger the cooling coefficient was, the shorter the 7/8 cooling time was, and the worse the temperature uniformity of the fruit was. When the spraying temperature was less than (5±0.5), the 7/8 precooling time was shortened, and the precooling unevenness increased significantly (P2). This was because the contact area between the litchi and cold water increased more slowly than the flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate of litchi spray precooling could be selected to be 5.9 L/(s•m2), which could improve the precooling efficiency and reduce the energy consumption of the pump. When multilayer litchi fruits were stacked, the closer the spray nozzle was, the bigger the cooling coefficient was, the shorter the 7/8 precooling time was, and the better the temperature uniformity was. The relative precooling time had a quadratic function relationship with the number of layers, and the number of critical precooling layers was 4.1. When the number of litchi stacks was larger than or equal to 4, the relative precooling time varied little. To improve the precooling efficiency, the number of litchi stacks should be bigger than or equal to 4. However, as the number of layers increased, the precooling uniformity gradually deteriorated. When the multilayer litchees were stacked, the cooling rate of each layer was inconsistent, the precooling time was longer, and the precooling final temperature was not coordinated. The whole process of precooling took 14.02 minutes. After precooling, the σ of the middle longitudinal section was 0.14, and the average temperature was 7.15. In single layer litchi spray precooling, the spray temperature could be selected as (5±0.5), and the spray flow could be selected as 5.9 L/(s•m2). The parameters of the single layer litchi spray precooling were used to precool the multilayer litchi, and the number of layers of the best stack of litchi was found to be 4. The research results provided reference for the design of litchi spray precooling equipment and single-layer and multilayer litchi precooling applications. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Cooling

Controlled terms: Energy efficiency  -  Energy utilization  -  Flow rate  -  Fruits  -  Multilayers  -  Spray nozzles  -  Temperature

Uncontrolled terms: Cooling characteristics  -  Cooling uniformity  -  Litchi  -  Longitudinal section  -  Precooling process  -  Quadratic function  -  Spraying temperatures  -  Temperature uniformity

Classification code: 525.2 Energy Conservation  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Time 8.41e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.035

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

8. Influence of atmospheric pressure on performance of air entraining agent and air void structures of air-entrained concrete

Accession number: 20191906870473

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Xuefeng (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transportation, Beijing; 100088, China; (2) School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing; 100191, China

Corresponding author: Li, Xuefeng(lxfsure@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 144-150

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In In order to investigate the air-entraining behavior of air-entraining agents under different atmospheric pressure environment and the influence of atmospheric pressure on the air void structures of air-entrained concrete, the foaming ability of three kinds of air-entraining agents (Alkyl sulfonate, Saponin and Polyether), the attenuation law of bubble volume changing with time and the air void structures of air-entrained hardened concrete mixed under different atmospheric pressure environment were obtained by the air-entraining cement slurry bubble test and the air void structures analysis of hardened concrete respectively. The results indicated that the low atmospheric pressure environment weakened the initial air-entraining ability of air-entraining agents. Compared with the normal atmospheric pressure of 101 kPa, the air entraining capacity of the three types of air-entraining agents decreased by 30.1% (Alkyl sulfonate), 28.1% (Saponin) and 22.0% (Polyether) respectively, when the atmospheric pressure was 64 kPa. The life cycle of the bubble produced under low atmospheric pressure environment was obviously shorter than that under normal atmospheric pressure environment. After the air-entraining cement slurry bubble test were finished 15 min, the volume of retained air bubbles for each air-entraining agent at the low atmospheric pressure of 64 kPa were 10% (Alkyl sulfonate) and 17% (Saponin) and 29% (Polyether) respectively. And these values were 25% (Alkyl sulfonate), 38% (Saponin) and 49% (Polyether) when the atmospheric pressure was 101 kPa. These results indicated that the air-entraining ability of Polyether and Saponin were less influenced by the drop of atmospheric pressure and the Alkyl sulfonate was the most. Comparing the air content between the fresh concrete and the hardened concrete, it was found that during the hardening of concrete, the loss of air content of concrete produced under low atmospheric pressure environment was 0.6%-1.2% while the value was 0.3%-0.5% for the concrete produced under normal atmospheric pressure environment. The results also illustrated that the bubble stability under low atmospheric pressure environment was weakened which resulted in a large loss of air content. When the amount of air-entraining agent was constant, the number of bubbles of air-entrained concrete mixed under low atmospheric pressure environment was significantly reduced due to the weakened air-entraining ability and the spacing factor was also increased. In addition, the percentage of large air bubble in the air-entrained concrete casted under low atmospheric pressure environment was increased, which resulted in the specific surface area of air bubbles, and it was significantly smaller than that of the air-entrained concrete casted under normal atmospheric pressure environment. When the air content of air-entrained concrete mixed under low and normal atmospheric pressure environment respectively were close through adjusting the amounts of air-entraining agents, the results of air void structures analysis of hardened concrete also showed that the spacing factor of air void was much larger, the number of bubbles in unit volume of concrete was less, and the specific surface area of bubble was larger in the air-entrained concrete mixed under low atmospheric pressure environment. Therefore, in order to meet the design requirements of air content of air-entrained concrete for different constructions in the plateau regions, the following measures are recommended as follows: 1) The air-entraining admixture with good air entraining ability and foam stabilization performance should be chosen for the plateau environment; 2) During the construction in the plateau regions, the vibration time should be reduced with the precondition of the impaction of concrete if possible to avoid air content loss. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Structural design

Controlled terms: Atmospheric pressure  -  Cements  -  Concretes  -  Environmental regulations  -  Ethers  -  Hardening  -  Life cycle  -  Metabolites  -  Specific surface area

Uncontrolled terms: Air content of concrete  -  Air entraining admixtures  -  Air entraining agents  -  Air void structure  -  Air-entrained concrete  -  Bubble stability  -  Low atmospheric pressures  -  Normal atmospheric pressure

Classification code: 408.1 Structural Design, General  -  412 Concrete  -  412.1 Cement  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection  -  537.1 Heat Treatment Processes  -  804.1 Organic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 2.20e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.81e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+01%, Percentage 3.00e-01% to 5.00e-01%, Percentage 3.01e+01%, Percentage 3.80e+01%, Percentage 4.90e+01%, Percentage 6.00e-01% to 1.20e+00%, Pressure 1.01e+05Pa, Pressure 6.40e+04Pa, Time 9.00e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.017

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

9. Design and parameter optimization on wheat precision seed meter with combination of pneumatic and type hole

Accession number: 20191906870457

Title of translation:

Authors: Cheng, Xiupei (1); Lu, Caiyun (1); Meng, Zhijun (2); Yu, Jiayang (3)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Beijing Haihong Jiacheng Intellectual Property & Partners, Beijing; 100080, China

Corresponding author: Lu, Caiyun(lucaiyun@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 1-9

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Wheat is one of the main food crops, which has an important on the national life and social stability. At present, there are many problems in the traditional sowing of wheat, such as large amount of seeding, low utilization ratio of water and fertilizer, and high cost. In order to solve those problems, the wheat precision seeding technology has been proposed that ensures even and reasonable distribution of wheat seeds in the field. Aiming at the requirements of wheat precision seeding, a wheat precision seed meter, including metering box, seed separating and cleaning brush, type hole wheel, transmission axis, airflow entering mouth, seed leading board, and transmission sprocket, was designed with combination of pneumatic and type hole wheel, and it could achieve better single filling performance. And the type hole wheel was arranged with type hole, suction hole and seed-falling groove. Amount of seeds were poured into the metering box, wheat were arranged along the radial direction of the type hole wheel under the guidance of seed leading board. The seed was filled with the type hole by its own gravity and the friction force of type hole wheel, then the seed was adsorbed by the airflow through suction hole. When type hole wheel carrying seeds through seed-cleaning zone, more than one seed on the type hole fell back into metering box in the action of seed separating and cleaning brush, therefore one seed was kept in the type hole. After that, the wheat seed was transported stably by adsorption force. In the seed-falling zone, the seed overcame the adsorption force and dropped from type hole under seed-falling plate barrier force and gravity, complete the seeding process. According to three dimensions size of wheat, the main structure parameters and motion parameters of wheat precision seed meter were determined that diameter parameters of type hole wheel were 100 mm, type hole wheel surface with 3 rows, both type hole and suction hole were long slots. 3 rows of type holes with spiral angles of 6° and 30 type holes were in each row. Each type hole had length of 8.5 mm, a width of 5 mm, and a depth of 2.5 mm. By the fluid dynamics software, the influences of different diameter of suction hole on type hole wheel fluid field were simulated and analyzed, and results showed that more ideal diameter parameters of suction hole were 1.4-1.8 mm. In order to get the optimal combination of parameters of the wheat precision seed meter, the three-factor and three-level orthogonal test was designed with airflow negative pressure, suction hole diameter and rotation speed of type hole wheel as test factors. Airflow negative pressure was set at 2 500, 3 000 and 3 500 Pa, suction hole diameter was selected 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 mm, and rotation speed of type hole wheel was changed in 30, 40 and 50 r/min. A total of 9 groups of tests were performed that each group of tests was repeated 3 times, and the average of test results was recorded. According to the range analysis, the rotation speed of type hole wheel had greatest influence on the multiple rate of wheat, followed by the diameter of the suction hole, and the influence of the airflow negative pressure was small. For the missing rate and seed-filling qualified rate, the order of affecting indicators was the airflow negative pressure, the rotation speed of the type hole wheel, and the diameter of the suction hole. Through analysis of variance, the airflow negative pressure had a significant effect on the multiple rate of wheat, and had a very significant effect on the missing rate and seed-filling qualified rate. The suction hole diameter had a very significant effect on the multiple rate, and had a significant effect on the missing rate and seed-filling qualified rate. The rotation speed of type hole wheel had a very significant effect on the multiple rate, the missing rate, and seed-filling qualified rate. The airflow negative pressure and the rotation speed of type hole wheel had significant effects on the multiple rate, and had a very significant impact on the missing rate and seed-filling qualified rate. The tests revealed that when the airflow negative pressure was 3 500 Pa, the suction hole diameter was 1.6 mm, and the rotation speed of type hole wheel was 40 r/min, which was a better combination of parameters. By experiment, the missing rate was 5.1%, multiple rate was 4.7%, and seed-filling qualified rate was 90.2%, which reached the requirements of wheat precision sowing. This seed meter improves the filling effect and obtains better parameters, which provides reference for the research and development of the wheat precision seed meter. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 28

Main heading: Wheels

Controlled terms: Cleaning  -  Crops  -  Design  -  Experiments  -  Filling  -  Friction  -  Machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Pneumatics  -  Rotation   -  Speed  -  Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Negative pressures  -  Optimal combination  -  Parameter optimization  -  Precision seeding  -  Research and development  -  Seed filling  -  Utilization ratios  -  Wheat

Classification code: 601 Mechanical Design  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  632.3 Pneumatics  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  901.3 Engineering Research  -  931.1 Mechanics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.70e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+00%, Percentage 9.02e+01%, Pressure 3.00e+03Pa, Pressure 3.50e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 4.00e+01RPM, Rotational_Speed 5.00e+01RPM, Size 1.00e-01m, Size 1.40e-03m to 1.80e-03m, Size 1.60e-03m, Size 1.80e-03m, Size 2.50e-03m, Size 5.00e-03m, Size 8.50e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.001

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

10. Soil cracking improved model considering with correlation length and effect of its parameters on crack morphology

Accession number: 20191906870471

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhu, Lei (1); Ma, Rong (1); Fan, Dongjun (1); You, Jin (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University Arid Area Modern Agricultural Engineering Research Center for Efficient Use of Water Resources, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan; 750021, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 123-131

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Cracks are common in nature and affect a number of soil properties. They increase the permeability, reduce the soil strength and stability, and thus affect the growth of plant roots. This paper presented a model for crack formation which was introducing the correlation length to constructing the soil critical strain random field to optimize the cracking model. The model was based on a lattice of Hookean springs with finite strength and the critical strain. The concept of correlation length was introduced to constructs the critical strain random field, the correlation length was used for reflects the spatial continuity of the soil. The critical strain random fields were generated using program written by Fortran language. The model reproduced the dynamics characteristic of the development of crack network in nature, and some of the parameters of the model represented the physical properties of the soil. We processed the digital images to quantitatively analyze the geometric characteristics of cracks. The typical procedure of digital image processing included: the color image of the crack patterns was converted into a gray one, the gray image was further changed into a binary one with the threshold division method. After the process, the cracks and aggregates were simply distinguished in a black-white image, in which the black lines and the white areas represent the crack networks and the aggregates, respectively. We optimized the threshold to make the binary images as clear as possible, and processed the images through binarization, noise removal and edge extraction of crack for extraction of morphological properties. Finally, the influence on model simulation cracking of spatial correlation length, heterogeneity in random field was analyzed. Comparison of crack area, crack length, Euler number density by calculating experiment and simulation images, it could be drawn that crack morphology could be described by Minkowski area, length, Euler number density effectively. By calculating the average μ, standard deviation δ of cracks area, length, Euler number density, the images of average density value μ and μ±δ are basically the same in the change trend between experimental and simulated process. After calculation, the coefficients of determination R2 for the area, length and Euler number density are all larger than 0.5, and the root mean square error and deviation are small enough. The consistency index IA quite approach to 1, which indicating that the calibration results are satisfactory. The two models are compared, among them the determination coefficient R2 is between 0.889-0.968, the consistency index IA is between 0.964-0.993, which reflecting the dynamic cracking process of cracks well. The greater the correlation length and the smaller the variance, the lower the discretization degree of the random field, that the more uniform the soil cracking. On the contrary, there are mainly isolated cracks. And the mean value is too small, the whole strain of the random field is low, the simulated crack does not consistent with the development of the natural crack. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 47

Main heading: Binary images

Controlled terms: Aggregates  -  Computer simulation  -  Cracks  -  Extraction  -  Mean square error  -  Morphology  -  Soils

Uncontrolled terms: Correlation lengths  -  Critical strains  -  Determination coefficients  -  Dynamics characteristic  -  Geometric characteristics  -  Morphological properties  -  Random fields  -  Root mean square errors

Classification code: 406 Highway Engineering  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  951 Materials Science

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.015

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

11. Development of automatic lifting digging machine based on three-star gear reversing principle

Accession number: 20191906870462

Title of translation:

Authors: Ma, Li’na (1, 2); Liang, Yang (1); Huang, Xiaomao (1, 2); Zong, Wangyuan (1, 2); Zhan, Guangchao (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Agriculture Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China

Corresponding author: Zong, Wangyuan(zwy@mail.hzau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 46-51

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Limited by the driving conditions of hilly and mountainous terrain, portable digging machine is widely used for fruit tree planting, rubber planting, small tree transplanting and fertilization. The spiral drilling bit of the digging machine can rotate under the drive of the gasoline engine, which can only rotate in one direction. While the lifting and lowering of the spiral drilling bit needs to be done manually, which not only has high labor intensity, but also leads to the inaccurate control of the feed speed and poor digging quality. In addition, the vibration of the gasoline engine is intense and the maneuverability of the digging operation is poor. In order to solve the problem that the gasoline engine can only rotate in one direction, a kind of automatic lifting digging machine was designed based on the three-star gear reversing principle. The automatic lifting digging machine consisted of a gasoline engine, a spiral drill bit, a belt drive mechanism, a three-star gear reversing mechanism, a screw nut lifting mechanism and a frame. By adjusting the position of the reversing handle, the number of meshing gears of the three-star gear reversing mechanism changed, so the single power direction of the gasoline engine could be converted into clockwise and counterclockwise directions. Then the forward and backward rotation of the nut shaft of the screw nut lifting mechanism could be realized. When the digging machine was working, one part of the power of the gasoline engine drove the spiral drill bit to rotate, and the other part of the power drove the screw nut lifting mechanism to move back and forth. Thus the spiral drill bit could feed uniformly. When the digging operation was completed, the spiral drill bit could be reset automatically. In the process of digging, manual operation was required only when changing direction. The average effective digging time of single operation was 57 s. While the manual reversing operation time was only 2 s, accounting for 3.5% of the total time of single pit operation. In the feed stroke and reset stroke of the digging operation, no manual operation would be needed, so it greatly reduced the labor intensity. The average hole depth was 237 mm, and the average hole diameter was 300mm. The digging quality met the requirements of the subsequent fertilization operation. The average maximum throwing radius was 631 mm, and the throwing effect was good which was convenient for soil backfilling. In addition, the middle limit hole of the reversing handle was added. When the spiral drill bit encountered large stones or tree roots during the feed stroke of digging operation, the power transmission path from the gasoline engine to the screw nut lifting mechanism could be temporarily cut off, in order to prevent the screw nut lifting mechanism from getting stuck. So the middle limit hole played a protective role for the whole system. This research also provides design reference for small digging machine to realize automatic lifting, which greatly reduce the labor intensity and improve the digging operation quality. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Gasoline

Controlled terms: Belt drives  -  Bits  -  Design  -  Drills  -  Engines  -  Infill drilling  -  Mechanization  -  Orchards  -  Reforestation  -  Screws   -  Soils  -  Stars

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic lifting  -  Counterclockwise directions  -  Digging and lifting soil theory  -  Driving conditions  -  Forward-and-backward  -  Lifting mechanisms  -  Mountainous terrain  -  Three-star gear reversing principle

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  511.1 Oil Field Production Operations  -  523 Liquid Fuels  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  602.1 Mechanical Drives  -  603.2 Machine Tool Accessories  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  657.2 Extraterrestrial Physics and Stellar Phenomena  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.50e+00%, Size 2.37e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.31e-01m, Time 2.00e+00s, Time 5.70e+01s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.006

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

12. Effect of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on tomato growth and yield in solar greenhouse in Northwest China

Accession number: 20191906870466

Title of translation:

Authors: Wu, Xuanyi (1); Cao, Hongxia (1); Hao, Shuxue (1); Wang, Hubing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Yangling; 712100, China

Corresponding author: Cao, Hongxia(chx662002@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 81-89

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: This study aims at discussing the effects of planting row spacing and irrigation amount on the plant growth, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of tomato, the purpose is to obtain the suitable arrangement of irrigation amount and planting row spacing for greenhouse tomato in Northwest China. The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse at the Green Lily fruit and vegetable cooperatives in Yangling Agricultural Hi-tech Industries Demonstration Zone in Shaanxi province from January to June in 2016. The cultivated variety of tomato in the experiment was HL2109. The treatments comprised three planting row spacing (L1(60 cm), L2(45 cm), L3 (30 cm))with 80 cm ridge distance and 35 cm plant spacing. Based on the cumulative evaporation from a 20 cm diameter pan between two irrigations (E), 0.6 E, 0.8 E, 1.0 E, 1.2 E were set as four different levels of irrigation amount, when the cumulative evaporation reached (20±3) mm, irrigation will be conduct. Twelve treatments were experimented totally and every treatment was replicated three times in randomized complete block designs. Based on the growth indexes, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in different growth stages and the leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate of tomato plants during the critical period of yield formation, the effects of different row spacing and irrigation amount on tomato growth, photosynthetic physiological activities and yield were analyzed, and the relationship between different growth and physiological indexes with yield were studied. The results showed that tomato growth index: chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, net photosynthetic rate, yield and irrigation water use efficiency were all affected by both planting row spacing and irrigation amount in varying degrees, but there is no significant interaction between the two factors. Low planting row spacing treatment(L3) resulted in redundant plant growth and excessive LAI, thereby photosynthetic physiological activities of crop population were inhibited, finally causing lower yield and irrigation water use efficiency. Excessively low irrigation amount inhibited photosynthetic physiological activities and showed a cumulative effect of water stress with the growth period of tomato plants. By path analysis, LAI and Pn have the most direct impact on yield among the indicators, improving the Pn is an important way to increase crop yield. Plant height and stem diameter have a good regression relationship with leaf area index(P=0.004 6), plant with large stem diameter and low height has suitable leaf area index, which is beneficial to yield formation. The yield of tomato followed a downward quadratic parabola shape with the increase of irrigation amount and planting row spacing, however, when planting row spacing and irrigation amount reached 45 cm and 0.8E respectively, continuing to increase planting row spacing and irrigation amount would not significantly increase yield. Considering the irrigation water use efficiency and yield, L1-0.8E and L2-0.8E treatment were better than others. Compared with the highest yield treatment (L1-1.2E), L1-0.8E and L2-0.8E treatments can increase irrigation water use efficiency by 36.00% and 29.29% when yield reduced by only 4.28% and 9.00%. So, when the ridge distance is 80 cm and the plant spacing is 35 cm, the planting row distance selected 45-60 cm, the irrigation quantity is set to 0.8E would be the appropriate combination of irrigation amount and planting row spacing of greenhouse tomato in Northwest China. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 36

Main heading: Irrigation

Controlled terms: Chlorophyll  -  Crops  -  Efficiency  -  Evaporation  -  Fluorescence  -  Fruits  -  Greenhouse effect  -  Greenhouses  -  Physiological models  -  Physiology   -  Plant life extension  -  Plants (botany)  -  Population statistics  -  Regression analysis  -  Solar heating  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Chlorophyll fluorescence  -  Growth conditions  -  Irrigation amounts  -  Row spacing  -  Yield

Classification code: 446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  451 Air Pollution  -  461.9 Biology  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+01%, Percentage 4.28e+00%, Percentage 9.00e+00%, Size 2.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m, Size 4.50e-01m to 6.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Size 8.00e-01m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.010

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

13. Effects of moisture contents of threshed materials from whole-feeding combine for foxtail millet on their suspension characteristics

Accession number: 20191906870460

Title of translation:

Authors: Hou, Huaming (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Guo, Yuming (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China

Corresponding author: Cui, Qingliang(qlcui@126.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 29-35

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The suspension characteristics of the threshed materials of foxtail millet are the basic characteristics for the research of cleaning working parameter optimization and improved design for the cleaning equipment, and the foxtail millet was harvested by the whole-feeding combine harvester. The threshed materials to be cleaned of foxtail millet include the grains, spikelets, stalks and leaves. Based on the requirements of the Chinese national standard test methods for forage seed suspension velocity, using the suspension velocity testing device for agricultural materials, we designed and conducted the staged suspension experiments to measure the suspension velocities of the 4 kinds of threshed materials of foxtail millet respectively, and we also measured the suspension velocities of the threshed materials with different moisture contents, and then we researched the relations between the suspension velocity of each part of threshed materials and its moisture content. Based on the differences among the measured suspension velocities of threshed materials, we estimated the suitable range of cleaning air velocity and conducted the cleaning experiment via cleaning experimental device to verify our estimation. We got the threshed materials with different moisture contents by means of rehydrating and drying. We immersed the threshed materials harvested into the water for 6 h to make their moisture contents saturate, and then we put the saturate threshed materials into the thermostatic drier box to dry for different times at 100. The drying times were 10, 20, 30 and 40 min respectively, and thus we got other 4 kinds of threshed materials with different moisture contents from the harvested threshed materials’, and so we totally measured 5 kinds of threshed materials with different moisture contents. The staged suspension experiments included 3 stages. When there were one third of the materials to be measured suspending in the tapered observed pipe at some height, one suspending stage was reached. We measured the suspension velocity of the suspended materials via DP2000-11 type intelligent pressure air-volume anemometer in every stage, and there were 6 measure points in every stage, and we calculated the average value of the 6 measured values. We used the suspended height ruler to measure the suspension height range of the suspended materials, and we used the average value and the suspension height range to calculate the suspension velocity range of the suspended materials based on the flow consistency principle. Synthesizing the 3 suspension velocity ranges, we got one suspension velocity range of this kind of material with a certain moisture content. There were 6 repeats of suspension velocity measurement for every kind of material with a certain moisture content. Synthesizing the 6 suspension velocity ranges of a kind of material with a certain moisture content, we finally got the suspension velocity ranges of this kind of material. The experimental results showed that the suspension velocities of grains, spikelets, stalks and leaves of threshed materials of foxtail millet harvested by combine harvester were respectively 4.29-8.88, 1.03-5.48, 1.71-5.33 and 1.03-3.09 m/s. There was no overlapping numerical interval between the grains’ suspension velocity range and the leaves’, while there were some overlapping numerical intervals between the grains’ suspension velocity range and the spikelets’ or the stalks’. With the decrease of moisture content of foxtail millet, the overlapping numerical intervals were all reducing between the grains’ suspension velocity range and the spikelets’ or the stalks’ or the leaves’. We used the maximum of the suspension velocity range of every kind of material with a certain moisture content to carry out a statistical analysis. The moisture content affected the suspension velocity of every component of the threshed materials significantly, and the significance level P values were all less than or equal to 0.048 8. With the decrease of moisture content, the suspension velocities of grains, spikelets, stalks and leaves were all decreasing, and there were quadratic function relations between the moisture content and the grains’ suspension velocity or the spikelets’ or the stalks’ or the leaves’, and the fitting precisions were all greater than or equal to 0.951 2. The results of cleaning experiment proved that the estimation was rational. The suitable range of cleaning air velocity for the threshed materials of foxtail millet was 4.29-5.48 m/s, and the optimal air velocity at air outlet was 4.47 m/s. Under the action of airflow with optimal air velocity, the loss ratio of grain was 4.68%, and the cleanliness of grain was 98.83%. The research results can provide reference for the determination of the timely harvest time and the optimal cleaning working parameters. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Suspensions (fluids)

Controlled terms: Air  -  Air cleaners  -  Cleaning  -  Combines  -  Crops  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Harvesters  -  Harvesting  -  Mechanization  -  Moisture   -  Moisture determination  -  Testing  -  Velocity

Uncontrolled terms: Basic characteristics  -  Chinese national standard  -  Cleaning equipments  -  Different moisture contents  -  Experimental devices  -  Foxtail millet  -  Optimal air velocity  -  Suspension velocity

Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Time 2.40e+03s, Velocity 1.03e+00m/s to 3.09e+00m/s, Velocity 4.29e+00m/s to 5.48e+00m/s, Velocity 4.47e+00m/s, Percentage 4.68e+00%, Percentage 9.88e+01%, Time 1.80e+03s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.004

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

14. Design and performance of high trafficability self-propelled device of blueberry harvester

Accession number: 20191906870461

Title of translation:

Authors: Bao, Yudong (1); Liang, Zhao (1); Zhao, Yanling (1); Liu, Xianli (1); Yang, Jie (1); Guo, Yanling (2); Li, Zhipeng (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin; 150080, China; (2) College of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China; (3) School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin; 150040, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 36-45

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The blueberry trees are cultivated densely in domestic, and there is not enough space for blueberry harvester passing. The imported blueberry harvester cannot play a role in domestic blueberry field. As a result, the blueberry harvester should be improved, especially the self-propelled device of blueberry harvester should be researched. The design goal of the self-propelled device was determined. The self-propelled device was driven by hydraulic pressure. It is composed of the walking frame, an engine, hydraulic components, a driving area, etc. The harvester can pass on the space 2 m×2 m (tree height × ridge distance) and its turning radius is small. The height of the walking frame could be adjusted automatically and the range of height variation was 0 - 400 mm. The device can be adapted to the trees height from 1-2 m. The device was driving by four wheels. Its working stability was reliable. The device can be matched to the existing picking and harvest system, as a result the picking efficiency of the harvester can be guaranteed. The structure of the self-propelled device was designed and its main technology parameters were determined. The working principle of the device was illustrated. The walking frame of the device under full loading was analyzed by finite element analysis. The model of the walking frame was established, which was simulated by ANSYS. The form and value of loading on the model were determined. Under the full load bending condition, the maximum stress was 53.61 MPa and the maximum displacement was 0.54 mm on the top of the frame. Under the full load torsion condition, the maximum stress was 183.24 MPa and the maximum displacement that was 3.41 mm happened on the front left arm. The strength of the walking frame met the requirement of mechanical performance under the two working conditions, and it had good load ratio and anti-torsion ability. The driving performance of the harvester was analyzed. It contained the walking performance and turning performance of the harvester and lifting performance of walking frame under full loading. The walking stability of the harvester on the slope was theoretically analyzed. The working posture of the harvester was analyzed, which contains longitudinal uphill and longitudinal downhill and cross slope driving. The experimental prototype of the harvester was accomplished. In order to test the matching performance between self-propelled device and harvesting system and the driving performance and the working stability of the harvester, the field experiment of the harvester was executed. The experiment condition and methods were determined. The control easiness of the vehicle device was guaranteed. The walking speed range was 0-11 km/h. The minimum turning radius was 3 160 mm. The lifting performance of the walking frame was reliable, which was fit for picking the trees of 1.1-2 m in height. The harvester had strong walking stability. The uphill and downhill and cross slope driving limit tipping angle of the harvester was 51°, 50° and 44°. The cross sliding driving limit angle of the harvester on different road surface was 40°. The experiment results met technical requirements, which was basically consistent with the theoretical values. The reason of the error between experiment value and theoretical values was discussed. The self-propelled device was well matched with the existing picking and harvesting system. The harvesting efficiency of the harvester was 6.95 kg/min and damage rate of the tree branches was 3.5%. The research on the self-propelled device of blueberry harvester can improve the mechanized harvesting level of small berries represented by blueberry in China, promote the matching between domestic blueberry planting agronomy and agricultural machinery, and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of small berry harvesters. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 33

Main heading: Harvesters

Controlled terms: Automobile drivers  -  Convergence of numerical methods  -  Design  -  Efficiency  -  Forestry  -  Fruits  -  Harvesting  -  Hydraulic machinery  -  Mechanization  -  Plants (botany)   -  Slope stability  -  Structural design  -  Torsional stress  -  Walking aids

Uncontrolled terms: Experimental prototype  -  Field test  -  Frame structure  -  Mechanical performance  -  Mechanized harvesting  -  Self-propelled device  -  Technical requirement  -  Technology parameters

Classification code: 406.2 Roads and Streets  -  408.1 Structural Design, General  -  432 Highway Transportation  -  461.5 Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  913.1 Production Engineering  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Mass_Flow_Rate 1.16e-01kg/s, Percentage 3.50e+00%, Pressure 1.83e+08Pa, Pressure 5.36e+07Pa, Size 0.00e+00m to 4.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 1.10e+00m to 2.00e+00m, Size 3.16e+00m, Size 3.41e-03m, Size 5.40e-04m, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 3.06e+00m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.005

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

15. Effects of 25-yr located different fertilization measures on soil hydraulic properties of lou soil in Guanzhong area

Accession number: 20191906870468

Title of translation: 25

Authors: Lan, Zhilong (1); Khan, Muhammad Numan (1); Sial, Tanveer Ali (1); Yang, Xueyun (1); Zhao, Ying (1, 2); Zhang, Jianguo (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Aamp;F University/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Yangling; 712100, China; (2) College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai; 264025, China

Corresponding author: Zhao, Ying(yzhaosoils@gmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 100-106

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Soil moisture is a main limiting factor for crop growth and vegetation reconstruction in the arid and semi-arid areas of the world and it is a key factor for agricultural sustainability and soil productivity. Changes in soil hydraulics and function are major aspects for assessing whether long-term fertilization is beneficial for soil sustainable development or not. The objectives of this study were to determine the soil water retention characteristics of different fertilization treatments based on the long-term located experiment of soil fertility at “the Chinese National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency Monitoring Base of Loessial Soil” established in the autumn of 1990 in Yangling, Shaanxi, China, and to clarify the differences of soil physical properties affected by the fertilization. The experiment was consisted of six treatments: abandonment (LH), fallow (tillage without planting, XX), no fertilization (CK), single application of nitrogen (N), nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), organic manure + NPK (MNPK), and LH and XX are not fertilized, and weeds were regularly removed at XX every year. The soil water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil strength were analyzed and determined by adopting the surface undisturbed soil. The results showed that: 1) Long-term fertilization treatment had significant effects on soil organic carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil strength (Pr), saturated water content (θs) and reciprocal of inlet air (a). θr is the largest in MNPK, and the smallest in XX; θs was the largest in N, followed by MNPK, and the smallest at CK. Inlet air (1/a) was the largest in XX and the smallest in LH. 3) The pores of different treatments were mainly composed of an equivalent pore diameter > 9 μm, and the ratio of macropores in different treatments was higher than that of medium pores and small pores, ranging from 22.3% to 30.2%. Compared with medium pores, the ratio of small pores was more. There was the largest ratio for the small pores at the LH, followed by the MNPK, and the XX. In summary, MNPK can improve soil structure and soil water holding capacity, reduce soil bulk density and soil strength and enhance soil stability, which is helpful for crop growth and yield, and is a suitable farming measurement in semi-arid Guanzhong area. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Soil moisture

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Fertilizers  -  Forestry  -  Hydraulic conductivity  -  Hydraulics  -  Nitrogen  -  Organic carbon  -  Soils  -  Sustainable development

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural sustainability  -  Arid and semi-arid areas  -  Lou soils  -  Saturated hydraulic conductivity  -  Soil hydraulic properties  -  Soil strength  -  Soil water retention curves  -  Water retention curve

Classification code: 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  632.1 Hydraulics  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.50e+01yr, Percentage 2.23e+01% to 3.02e+01%, Percentage 2.57e+00%, Percentage 3.33e+00%, Percentage 7.34e+00%, Size 9.00e-06m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.012

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

16. Process management system of automatic decision making for aquaculture based on Activiti and Drools

Accession number: 20191906870479

Title of translation: ActivitiDrools

Authors: Chen, Ming (1, 2); Pan, Yun (1, 2); Wang, Wenjuan (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai; 201306, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Fisheries Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai; 201306, China

Corresponding author: Wang, Wenjuan(wangwj@shou.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 192-200

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: At present, there exist a series of problems in the process management of aquaculture, including inefficient process management, inexplicit aquaculture business rules, low efficiency of decision-making and high failure rate of operation by human experiences. In order to solve those problems, this study targets to develop an enhanced process management system for the automatic decision making of aquaculture. The theoretical foundation of the proposed system is to integrate rule engine technology with the traditional workflow systems. Although workflow technology can realize the automatic process management and improve the work efficiency, it performs worse in automatic business decision-making. There exist substantial decisions during the process of aquaculture, which can determine the right next-step operation. Rule engine can separate business rules from the application program, and assist workflow system to conduct automatic decision-making and dynamic scheduling of the business process. Based on this theoretical foundation, the architecture of an intelligent workflow management system based on rule engine was proposed, which implemented the idea of interaction and bidirectional driving between workflow engine and rule engine. To further examine the rationale of the proposed system, this study used the case of Penaeus Vannamei breeding to customize the process management system. First, the characteristics of the business process of Penaeus Vannamei breading, including complex and inexplicit steps, being constrained by time, multiple cycles, multiple concurrency and substantial business decisions, were analyzed and summarized. Next, the breeding process of Penaeus vannamei were defined and designed through the Activiti visualization process designer based on the development of workflow model of aquaculture. Then, the analysis, definition, design, compilation and triggering of the business rules in the key breeding processes of Penaeus Vannamei were established through the Drools rule engine. Finally, though integrating Activiti workflow engine and Drools rule engine with the mainstream SSH framework, the process management system of automatic decision making for Penaeus vannamei based on Activiti and Drools was developed by the tool of Eclipse3.7 integrated with the plug-in components of Activiti5.22 and Drools5.6. The process management system followed the three-layer system architecture and programmed by JAVA language and MySQL database. Although compared with the traditional aquaculture management system, the proposed process management system performed superior in process management and automatic decision making, it can still run efficiently. Because the velocity of decision-making by Drools rule engine was not affected by the number of the business rules, no matter how many breeding rules there were, the process management system could always make automatic decisions with an average of 3.5 s and the accuracy rate reached up to 100%. Currently, the process management system had been partially applied by an aquaculture company in Nantong and the company had completed the contrast test in system pilot run. The results of the comparative experiment had demonstrated that the system could effectively realize the real-time supervision and control of the whole-process business state of aquaculture, and quickly and accurately make the automatic decisions of the breeding business rules. Compared with the shrimp pond controlled by the traditional feeding system, the shrimp pond controlled by the process management system increased the yield of aquaculture by 14.8%, reduced the feed coefficient by 11.4%, reduced the labor cost by 30%, and increased the total profit by 29.3%. Thus, this study provides an automatic, streamlined and fine management method for the process management of aquaculture. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Decision making

Controlled terms: Application programs  -  Aquaculture  -  Computer architecture  -  Efficiency  -  Engines  -  Failure analysis  -  Lakes  -  Models  -  Process control  -  Shellfish   -  Wages  -  Work simplification

Uncontrolled terms: Activiti workflow  -  Business decisions  -  Management systems  -  Process management  -  Rule engine

Classification code: 461.9 Biology  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  912 Industrial Engineering and Management  -  913.1 Production Engineering

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 1.14e+01%, Percentage 1.48e+01%, Percentage 2.93e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+01%, Time 3.50e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.023

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

17. Effects of agricultural land consolidation on carbon storage and grain productivity

Accession number: 20191906870487

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Jun (1); Zhong, Lina (2, 3); Bai, Zhongke (3); Guo, Yiqiang (1); Ying, Lingxiao (1); Chen, Yanhua (4); Zhang, Yu (4)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing; 100035, China; (2) Business School, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin; 300222, China; (3) School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; 100083, China; (4) Fujian Land Development and Consolidation Center, Fuzhou; 350001, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 256-265

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Agricultural land consolidation is one of the largest human activities in China with lots of impacts on ecological environment. Ecosystem services are the basis for human survival and development. It is of great significance to explore the impacts of agricultural land consolidation on regional ecosystem services. This study would promote the balance, efficiency and stability of the ecosystem services in the agricultural land consolidation area. This research took Jianxi River Basin which in Fujian province as case study area. The data used in this paper were remote sensing data, the agricultural land consolidation project data, land use data, soil type map and so on. Carbon storage ecosystem services in the Jianxi River Basin were estimated by using the multi-source model of carbon storage. And crop production ecosystem services in the Jianxi River Basin were estimated by using the potential productivity model of cultivated land. Based on the comparative analysis, the effects of agricultural land consolidation on two ecosystem services were studied. The research showed that compared with 2010, total carbon storage decreased by 38.28×106t in 2016. The total carbon storage in 2016 was 369.29×106 t. The area of agricultural land consolidation project accounted for 1.41% of the area of the Jianxi River Basin. And the project area contributed 1.70% to the decrease in carbon storage. This indicated that agricultural land consolidation has negative effects on carbon storage services in the ecosystem of Jianxi River Basin. The carbon effect produced by agricultural land consolidation should not be neglected. Compared with 2010, the total crop production service in Jianxi River Basin increased by 10.83×104t in 2016, reached to 124.46 ×104t. The area of agricultural land consolidation project accounted for 14.61% of cultivated land area of the Jianxi River Basin. And the project area contributed 20.87% to the increase in crop output. This indicated that agricultural land consolidation has effectively improved the crop production services of cultivated land in the Jianxi River Basin. It is necessary to pay attention to the application of ecological measures in agricultural land consolidation. According to the research results that carbon storage services will be reduced by agricultural land consolidation, and three suggestions are put forward. 1) If the agricultural land consolidation measures would do great damage to the cultivated soil, measures such as topsoil stripping and backfill and guest soil should be adopted to protect the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil. Planting green manure and returning straw to field is also an effective biological measure to increase soil carbon sequestration. 2) Attention should be paid to the construction of ecotype ditches and field roads, and new environment friendly materials such as environment friendly field sand stone pavement additive, soft slope protection material, heavy metal passivating agent, water retaining and fertilizer agent and so on are used to reduce the loss of organic carbon storage caused by pavement hardening and excessive coagulation. 3) Strengthen the management and protection of agricultural land consolidation. Intercropping rotation system and farm manure should be used to increase the carbon storage of cultivated land through later management and protection. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 47

Main heading: Ecosystems

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Digital storage  -  Fertilizers  -  Forestry  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Heavy metals  -  Land use  -  Manures  -  Organic carbon   -  Pavements  -  Plants (botany)  -  Productivity  -  Remote sensing  -  River basin projects  -  Rivers  -  Slope protection  -  Soils  -  Storage (materials)  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural land  -  Carbon storage  -  Ecological environments  -  Ecosystem services  -  Environment-friendly materials  -  Land consolidations  -  Organic carbon storages  -  Soil carbon sequestration

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  441 Dams and Reservoirs; Hydro Development  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  694.4 Storage  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.41e+00%, Percentage 1.46e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.031

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

18. Progress on key parameters inversion of crop growth based on unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing

Accession number: 20191906870464

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Zhong (1); Wan, Wei (1); Huang, Jinyu (1); Han, Yiwen (1); Wang, Jiaying (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in North China, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China

Corresponding author: Wan, Wei(remote_sensing@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 60-71

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is an emerging and important research tool in the field of ecology, environment and resources. And it has been rapidly developed and applied in the study of crop growth in recent years. A clear and thorough understanding of the current situation and existing problems of crop growth based on UAV remote sensing is conducive to a better grasp of the current core areas and further research. In this study, we firstly reviewed the papers published on the topic of “research on crop growth based on remote sensing by unmanned aerial vehicle”. Then, UAV remote sensing platform and the principle of basic remote sensing in different sensors, inversion parameter types, and its’ advantages and limitations were summarized. And the crop growth inversion process based on UAV remote sensing was summarized in detail. On this basis, crop growth parameters were summed up by divided into 4 categories, including morphological index, physiological and biochemical index, stress index, and yield index. On the other hand, the inversion methods of crop growth parameters were classified into 4 categories, including empirical statistical regression and machine learning, morphological features and spectral features identification, radiation transmission model, multi-angle aerial photography and satellite-UAV image combinations. And the advantages and disadvantages of different inversion methods were summarized. Finally, we conducted a discussion analysis and outlook evaluation based on the research status at domestic and abroad. This paper summarizes the research results of UAV remote sensing crop growth key parameters inversion in recent 10 years, which can provide reference for the theoretical basis and technical support of UAV remote sensing based crop growth research in the future. In this study, we think the reasons for the improvement of remote sensing inversion accuracy of UAV are as follows: First, the aerial photography height is low and close to the canopy of crops. The obtained information is less distorted and responsive, and it can reflect the small changes of crop phenotypes well. Second, the spatial scale of UAV remote sensing research is relatively small, which objectively not only excludes the heterogeneous factors that affect crop growth inversion at medium and large scales, but also can precisely control the variables required by the test purpose. And we believe that the real advantages of UAV remote sensing inversion of crop growth parameters are that: 1) UAV remote sensing is maneuverability and flexibility. 2) UAV remote sensing can provide higher resolution image data. 3) UAV remote sensing is sensitive to response of spatial heterogeneity information. To overcome the limitations of UAV remote sensing, our opinions are as follows: 1) Reducing equipment cost, improving flight duration and load capacity, improving flight stability, overcoming systemic and non-systematic errors to further improve the accuracy of inversion, are important direction for UAV remote sensing to be broken in the future. 2) Realizing platform docking between the UAV and the sensor as well as manipulating the same interface are the key technologies to be solved in the future. 3) Compared with satellite remote sensing, UAV remote sensing data exhibited some defects. The remote areas are not easily to reach for the UAV. Ideal data also can not be easily obtained as affected by various factors as scheduled. Cumbersome data preprocessing and so on. 4) UAV remote sensing in combined inversion of multi-type sensors is yet to be implemented, and the UAV remote sensing data acquisition on a long-time scale is implemented for different crop growth periods. On this basis, a staged and multi-parameter dynamic inversion model is constructed according to different physiological characteristics of crops and remote sensing information, which needs to be further explored. In summary, compared with traditional satellite remote sensing, UAV remote sensing has its unique advantages, but there are still some scientific problems to be further solved. However, the existing limitations of UAV remote sensing also fully illustrate that it has a vast prospect and great development potential in the study of crop growth. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 96

Main heading: Remote sensing

Controlled terms: Aerial photography  -  Antennas  -  Crops  -  Data acquisition  -  Image enhancement  -  Learning systems  -  Maneuverability  -  Photographic equipment  -  Physiological models  -  Physiology   -  Satellites  -  Systematic errors  -  Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)  -  Yield stress

Uncontrolled terms: Growth conditions  -  Higher resolution images  -  Inversion  -  Morphological features  -  Physiological characteristics  -  Remote sensing information  -  Satellite remote sensing  -  Vegetation index

Classification code: 461.9 Biology  -  652.1 Aircraft, General  -  655.2 Satellites  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  742.1 Photography  -  742.2 Photographic Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.00e+01yr

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.008

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

19. Effect of time interval of water-supply on heating performance of solar low temperature floor heating system

Accession number: 20191906870482

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Jinping (1, 2, 3, 4); Xu, Aobo (1, 2, 3, 4); Zhen, Xiaofei (1, 2, 3, 4); Huang, Juanjuan (1, 2, 3, 4); Wang, Chunlong (1, 2, 3, 4)

Author affiliation: (1) Western China Energy & Environment Research Center, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Complementary Energy System of Biomass and Solar Energy, Lanzhou; Gansu; 730050, China; (3) China Northwestern Collaborative Innovation Center of Low-carbon Urbanization Technologies, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (4) College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 217-223

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In rural area of China, due to low income, it has been popularly used for winter-heating with straws and coal. The heating method is so backward that it is promising for heating with solar energy. Since the heat gain from sun is limited to specific area, it is essential to improve the efficiency of solar energy utilization. Some researchers found that on-off modes of circulating pump took obvious effects on heating performance of central heating. In this paper, three different kinds of on-off modes were applied to the solar floor heating system in order to discover the influence of on-off modes. The experiment was conducted during the winter in a single-storey building in Zhangma Village, Minqing county, Gansu province, China. The total area of the building is 117 m2, the residential area of about 103 m2, whose actual heating areas is 64 m2. The heating system consists of 6 sets of vacuum tube solar collectors. Each collector consists of 40 vacuum tubes in Φ58 mm × L 1 800 mm with a 400 L water tank. The heating period was 17:00-23:30 every day in Dec 2015. The system had the same water-flowing duration of 8 min and three different intermittent durations, 5 min intermittent durations on Dec 3th, 11 min on Dec 25th, and 6 min on Dec 30th. Various parameters, such as the solar radiation intensity, the supply and return temperature of the system, the tank temperature, the ambient temperature, the flow rate and the ambient wind speed, were all measured by various sensors in the experiment. All measured parameters were acquisited and recorded automatically by the Agilent 34970A every 10 s. The variation law of difference of supply and return temperature during the heating period was analyzed, the heat supply, heat loss rates, energy consumptions, the solar fractions and average heating efficiency of the system all were calculated, the correlations between various factors with the heat supply were analyzed. The experimental results reveal the following: With the same water-flowing durations, the longer the discontinuous time, the greater the difference of supply and return temperature. Compared with the time interval of 5 min, the solar fraction of the time interval of 6 min was increased by 5.27%, heat loss rate of the system decreased by 2.79%, and the operating energy consumption decreased by 6.67%. The time interval of 6 min had the highest average heating efficiency of the system in 3th to 29th in Dec 2015. Various factors discussed were significantly correlated with the heat supply. The supply temperature and the ambient temperature had greater impact on the heat supply, but the flow rate and the ambient wind speed had less impact on it. According to the operation modes of the solar floor heating system, the water-flowing time was longer than the displacing time of water stored in the pipes under the floor. Not only the water supply displaced the hot water in the pipes completely every time, but also there was some high temperature water flowing through the return pipe. In the further operation, the water-flowing time should be reduced, so that the water-flowing time could be equal to the displacing time of water in the pipes, and the high temperature water was prevented from losing excessive heat through the return pipe. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 29

Main heading: Solar heating

Controlled terms: Electron tubes  -  Energy efficiency  -  Energy utilization  -  Floors  -  Heat losses  -  Heating  -  Heating equipment  -  Rural areas  -  Solar energy  -  Temperature   -  Water supply  -  Water tanks  -  Wind

Uncontrolled terms: Floor heating systems  -  Heat supply  -  On-off mode  -  Operating energy consumption  -  Solar fraction

Classification code: 402 Buildings and Towers  -  443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  525.3 Energy Utilization  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena  -  714.1 Electron Tubes

Numerical data indexing: Area 1.03e+02m2, Area 1.17e+02m2, Area 6.40e+01m2, Electric_Current 3.50e+04A, Percentage 2.79e+00%, Percentage 5.27e+00%, Percentage 6.67e+00%, Size 1.80e+00m, Time 3.00e+02s, Time 3.60e+02s, Time 4.80e+02s, Time 6.60e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.026

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

20. Design of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato

Accession number: 20191906870459

Title of translation:

Authors: Hou, Jialin (1, 2); Liu, Wei (1, 2); Zhang, Wanzhi (1, 2); Lü, Jinqing (3); Lü, Zhaoqin (1, 2); Zhang, Zhilong (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machineries and Equipments, Tai’an; 271018, China; (3) Department of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China

Corresponding author: Zhang, Zhilong(sdauzzl@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 18-28

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Aiming at the limitation of further improving the advance speed of the cup-belt metering device and the large power consumption of the pneumatic seed-metering device in planting potatoes, a kind of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device was designed. Precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato was mainly composed of roller, cup, seed box, hollow shaft, pneumatic separator, compression spring, sprocket, seed clearing air tube and other components. The negative pressure air flow entered the air chamber formed by the roller through the hollow shaft at work. The roller rotated by the power provided by the sprocket, which drove the cup to rotate and take seeds from the seed box. The seed potato was adsorbed on the cup by the support force provided by the cup and the adsorption force provided by the negative pressure to complete the seed filling process, and the cup stirred the seed potato layer at the same time to avoid the overhead phenomenon of the seed potatoes. The seed potato continued to move with the roller by the carriage of the cup and the air flow. When the number of seed potatoes taken by the cup was more than one, the excess seed potato was blown off by the positive pressure air flow and the cleaning process was completed. The seed potato moved gradually to the planting area with the roller by the combined action of negative pressure air flow and supporting cup. The air flow was blocked by the pneumatic separator from the inside of the roller, and the negative pressure adsorption force of the seed potato disappeared. The seed potato fell into the furrow formed by the furrow opener under the action of gravity. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, parameters of key parts of seed-metering device were determined. The range of negative pressure needed by seed-metering device was determined by theoretical calculation and experiments. It was carried out that the hole diameter and the size of the cup were designed and calculated. In order to obtain the optimum parameters of groove angle and the movement of seed potatoes in the seed filling process, the simulation experiment was carried out by using the discrete element simulation software EDEM. It was determined that the missed filling rate of the cup was low when the groove angle was at 62°. The structural parameters of the roller, the number of cups and the installation parameters of the seed clearing air tube were determined by theoretical analysis. In order to determine the optimum operation parameters of precision pneumatic cup seed-metering device for potato, negative pressure, seed cleaning speed, hole diameter and rotational speed were taken as test factors, and the missing rate, qualified rate were taken as test indices. The performance test of the seed-metering device was carried out by Box-Behnken test method, and the effect of missing rate and qualified rate was obtained. The primary and secondary order of influence on missing rate and qualified rate were negative pressure, rotational speed, hole diameter and seed cleaning speed. The data processing software Design Expert 8.0.6 was used to optimize the parameters. With the missing rate, qualified rate as the test indices, the negative pressure was 8.92 kPa, the seed cleaning speed was 32.25 m/s, the hole diameter was 18.34 mm and the rotational speed was 19.92 r/min. The missing rate predicted by the model was 3.64% and the qualified rate was 91.9%. The experimental results showed that the results were consistent with the optimization results. The related research can provide reference for the research of precision sowing technology in potato. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Air cleaners

Controlled terms: Agricultural machinery  -  Air  -  Cleaning  -  Computer software  -  Crops  -  Data handling  -  Design  -  Filling  -  Machine design  -  Pneumatic materials handling equipment   -  Pneumatics  -  Rollers (machine components)  -  Separators  -  Software design  -  Speed  -  Sprockets  -  Testing  -  Wheels

Uncontrolled terms: Analysis and calculations  -  Data processing software  -  Discrete element simulation  -  Pneumatic Separator  -  Potato  -  Seed metering devices  -  Structural parameter  -  Theoretical calculations

Classification code: 451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  601 Mechanical Design  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  632.3 Pneumatics  -  632.4 Pneumatic Equipment and Machinery  -  691.1 Materials Handling Equipment  -  691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment  -  821.4 Agricultural Products

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.64e+00%, Percentage 9.19e+01%, Pressure 8.92e+03Pa, Rotational_Speed 1.99e+01RPM, Size 1.83e-02m, Velocity 3.22e+01m/s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.003

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

21. Near-infrared spectroscopy detection model for sensory quality and chemical constituents of black tea

Accession number: 20191906870493

Title of translation:

Authors: Chunwang, Dong (1); Gaozhen, Liang (1); Ting, An (1); Jinjin, Wang (1); Hongkai, Zhu (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou; 310008, China; (2) Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg; 999017, Denmark

Corresponding author: Hongkai, Zhu(hongkai.zhu@hotmail.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 306-313

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Due to the defect of judging fermentation quality by human observation and difficulty in detecting biochemical components quickly Taking WIP(work in progress) of the Congou black tea in the fermentation process as the research object, in this study, we established quantitative analysis models of sensory quality scores and physical and chemical quality indicators (theaflavin, thearubigin, theaflavin, catechin and phenol to ammonia ratio) based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). In the process of model establishment, the influence of the feature variable selection method on the prediction model was discussed. Firstly, the acquired data of near-infrared spectral was preprocessed by SNV (standard normal Z transformation), and then combined Si-PLS (synergy interval partial least squares), SFLA (shuffled frog leaping algorithm), CARS (competitive adaptive reweighted sampling) and SPA (successive projections algorithm), the optimal characteristic wavelength variable of each quality indicators was then selected. Finally, the PLS (partial least squares) linear prediction model and the SVR (support vector machine regression) nonlinear prediction model of each fermentation quality indicators were established based on the preferred wavelengths. The comparison of model results showed that the variable screening methods such as Si, CARS, SFLA and SPA can effectively compress the variables compared with the full-band variable model and the number of wavelength variables was greatly reduced under the premise of stabilizing the performance of the model. Among them, nine characteristic wavelength variables closely related to the sensory score were optimized by the SPA method, from which the variable compression rate was as high as 98.88%. The best selection methods for the correlation characteristic wavelength variation and the numbers of sensitive characteristic wavelengths screened of TFs (theaflavins), TRs (thearubigins), TBs (teabrownine), catechin and TP/FAA (Ratio of tea polyphenol and three amino acids) were SPA-PLS and 16, SPA-PLS and 10, CARS-PLS and 33, SPA-PLS and 9, SFLA-PLS and 12, respectively and sensitive features wavelengths were screened. The best screening method for the correlation characteristic wavelength variation of total amount of catechin was SPA-PLS, and a total of nine extremely sensitive characteristic wavelengths were screened. The best screening method for the correlation characteristic wavelength variable of TP/FAA (Ratio of tea polyphenol and three amino acids) was SFLA-PLS, and a total of 12 extremely sensitive characteristic wavelengths were screened. The RPD values of SVR prediction models that were established by the optimal variable of sensory quality, TBs and catechin were all greater than 3, which were 3.923, 3.234, and 5.462, respectively. The RPD values indicated that the results of NIR quantitative analysis were accurate and reliable, and the model prediction performance was extremely high, which can be used for quality control. The RPD value of TP/FAA model was 2.815 (>2) indicating that the model has a good predictive performance and can be used for quantitative analysis. The RPD value of TRs was 2.223 (>2) indicating that the model had good predictive performance. The RPD value of TFs was 1.770 (between 1.4 and 1.8), indicating that the model has poor predictive performance and can be used to make rough prediction and correlation assessment for examples. The predictive performance of SVR model of TFs was poor, because the content of TFs was lower ( ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Quality control

Controlled terms: Amino acids  -  Ammonia  -  Chemical detection  -  Coherent scattering  -  Feature extraction  -  Fermentation  -  Flavonoids  -  Forecasting  -  Indicators (chemical)  -  Information dissemination   -  Infrared devices  -  Least squares approximations  -  Metadata  -  Near infrared spectroscopy  -  Phenols  -  Sensory analysis  -  Spectrum analysis

Uncontrolled terms: Black tea  -  Chemometrics  -  Fermentation qualities  -  Nondestructive detection  -  Variable selection

Classification code: 711 Electromagnetic Waves  -  801 Chemistry  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  804.2 Inorganic Compounds  -  903.2 Information Dissemination  -  913.3 Quality Assurance and Control  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 9.89e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.037

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

22. Development and its application effect of aerobic compost bioreactor with helical ribbon and screw impeller

Accession number: 20191906870484

Title of translation: -

Authors: Miao, Hong (1, 2); Yang, Zheng (1); Wang, Meng (1); Chen, Xuehao (3); Zhang, Ruihong (1); Liu, Sixing (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225000, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment of Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China; (3) School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou; 225000, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 232-238

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of the poultry industry in China, it has brought enormous challenges to the ecological environment. The reduction, recycling and innocuous treatment of these organic solid wastes can be achieved by aerobic composting. The vertical reactor has a simple structure, effectively shortens the compost reaction time and improves the composting reaction environment. Therefore, the aerobic compost reactor has good practical value. However, due to the gravity accumulation of the material, the reactor has some problems, such as compacted material, poor ventilation, high ventilation resistance, and difficulty in homogenizing the product. In order to solve these problems, spiral-belt-spiral-impeller aerobic compost bioreactor was designed with real-time monitoring of insulation, temperature and oxygen content. This reactor has a volume of 100 L. Computational fluid dynamics method was used to analyze the flow field within the reactor. The 3D solid modeling of the internal flow field model in the reactor was completed by Soildworks modeling, and the MRF(multiple reference frame) method was used to deal with the interaction between the stationary reactor inner wall and the moving stirring blade. The analysis of the velocity field distribution and velocity vector on the y=0 section demonstrated that the reactor had good axial flow through the internal velocity distribution. The performance of the reactor was studied in aerobic composting test. The raw materials for composting were cow manures, wheat straw and mushroom residues, and the total reaction time was 24 days. The reaction was evaluated by measuring the temperature, oxygen concentration, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N, total phosphorus, total potassium, germination index, total heavy metals and sensory indicators in the upper, middle and lower layers of the reactor. During the composting reaction process, the performance of aerobic composting test showed that the upper, middle and lower temperatures above 50 were 7.3, 6.8, 5.5 days, respectively, and the temperature first increased and then decreased. The oxygen concentration during the reaction was higher than 8%. The lowest value appeared around the fourth day. In the aerobic composting process, the moisture content and total carbon content showed a downward trend, while the total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content and total potassium content showed an upward trend. The moisture content gradually decreased from 65.76% to 42.5%, 42.1% and 41.7%, the carbon content decreased from 39.3% to 33.8%, 33.6% and 33.5%, the total nitrogen content increased from 1.37% to 2.01%, 2.01% and 2.03%, the total phosphorus content increased from 0.88% to 1.04%, 1.03% and 1.04%, the total potassium content increased from 1.57% to 1.74%, 1.75% and 1.73%, which were related to the law of microbial activity in the reactor. After composting, it has no obvious foul smell compared with the initial heap. The C/N of each layer was between 15 and 20, and the germination index was greater than 88%. The heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb and Cd met the national standards. Therefore, the reactor could achieve harmless and uniform compost. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Composting

Controlled terms: 3D modeling  -  Bioconversion  -  Bioreactors  -  Carbon  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Cultivation  -  Fertilizers  -  Flow fields  -  Heavy metals  -  Impellers   -  Magnetorheological fluids  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination  -  Nitrogen  -  Oxygen  -  Phosphorus  -  Potassium  -  Screws  -  Structural frames  -  Velocity   -  Velocity distribution  -  Waste treatment

Uncontrolled terms: Computational fluid dynamics methods  -  Ecological environments  -  Multiple-reference frames  -  Oxygen concentrations  -  Performance tests  -  Screw impellers  -  Total nitrogen content  -  Ventilation resistance

Classification code: 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes  -  452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  461.8 Biotechnology  -  531 Metallurgy and Metallography  -  549.1 Alkali Metals  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  708.4 Magnetic Materials  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  801.2 Biochemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.51e-02yr, Age 6.58e-02yr, Percentage 1.03e+00%, Percentage 1.04e+00%, Percentage 1.37e+00% to 2.01e+00%, Percentage 1.57e+00% to 1.74e+00%, Percentage 1.73e+00%, Percentage 1.75e+00%, Percentage 2.01e+00%, Percentage 2.03e+00%, Percentage 3.35e+01%, Percentage 3.36e+01%, Percentage 3.93e+01% to 3.38e+01%, Percentage 4.17e+01%, Percentage 4.21e+01%, Percentage 6.58e+01% to 4.25e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 8.80e-01% to 1.04e+00%, Volume 1.00e-01m3

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.028

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

23. Simulation study on working performance of pressing cavity of household oil press based on EDEM

Accession number: 20191906870490

Title of translation: EDEM

Authors: Zhang, Qiang (1); Zhang, Xu (1); Sun, Shaoan (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin; 123000, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 283-291

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: To improve the oil extraction rate of oil press, the three-dimensional model of press chamber was established by CATIA. The crushing simulation model of the press chamber of the domestic oil press was built by EDEM. Orthogonal experiment with multiple indices, three factors was used to explore the relationship between the work performance of squeezing peanuts in the press chamber of the household press. And the rotation speed of the press rod, dosage quantity and the screw pitch of the pressing rod. The range method was used to analyse the primary and secondary order of the influencing factors. Through matrix analysis, the fracture ratio of material particle bond fracture, the theoretical oil yield and the three-factor structure matrix were obtained. It included index layer matrix M, factor layer matrix T and horizontal level matrix S. The weight matrix of two index values were obtained then, and the weight of each factor level was calculated. According to the results, the influence of various factors on the overall working capacity of the press chamber optimal working scheme was determined by the primary and secondary order. The results showed that the primary and secondary subsequence of factors of material bond fracture ratio was: press rod speed > dosage quantity > press rod pitch. With the increase of the rate of press rod, the fracture ratio of the bond was larger. With the growth of screw pitch, it decreased first and then increased. With the growth of the amount of material, the quantity of material was decreasing. And for the evaluation index of the material bond fracture ratio, the optimal combination was A3B1C3. The order of influencing factors of theoretical oil yield could be seen as: press rod speed > dosage quantity > press rod pitch. With the growth of rotational speed, the theoretical oil yield increased gradually. With the growth of screw pitch, it decreased first and then increased. With the growth of the screw pitch of the press rod, it increased gradually. And for the evaluation index of general oil production rate, the optimal scheme was A3B1C2. Through matrix analysis, the order of the influence of each factor on the index value of the orthogonal test is A (press rod speed) > B (dosage quantity)>C (press rod pitch). The weight of factor A3, B1, C3 was the largest. Therefore, the best scheme for press chamber was A3B1C3. That was to say, the optimum working parameters of the press cavity of the press machine were as follows: the rotation speed of the press rod was 80 r/min, the dosage quantity was 300 grains per minute, 6.3 mm was obtained as the press rod. Verify by verification test, the oil yield of the nine groups were 42.67% and 41.25%, and 40.65% and 44.05%, and 41.83% and 42.05%, and 43.85% and 43.96%, 43.06% respectively. The oil yield of peanut was 45.20% under the optimum working parameters obtained by matrix analysis and it was higher than the other 9 clusters. The results above verified that the simulation results were reasonable. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Presses (machine tools)

Controlled terms: Factor analysis  -  Food processing  -  Fracture  -  Matrix algebra  -  Oils and fats  -  Screws  -  Speed

Uncontrolled terms: EDEM  -  Matrix analysis  -  Oil extraction rates  -  Oil-production rates  -  Optimum working parameters  -  Orthogonal design  -  Orthogonal experiment  -  Three-dimensional model

Classification code: 603.1 Machine Tools, General  -  605 Small Tools and Hardware  -  804.1 Organic Compounds  -  822.2 Food Processing Operations  -  921.1 Algebra  -  922.2 Mathematical Statistics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 4.06e+01%, Percentage 4.12e+01%, Percentage 4.18e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 4.27e+01%, Percentage 4.31e+01%, Percentage 4.39e+01%, Percentage 4.40e+01%, Percentage 4.52e+01%, Rotational_Speed 8.00e+01RPM, Size 6.30e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.034

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

24. Improved adaptive watershed method for segmentation of cotton leaf adhesion lesions

Accession number: 20191906870476

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Jianhua (1); Han, Shuqing (1); Zhai, Zhifen (2); Kong, Fantao (1); Feng, Xin (3); Wu, Jianzhai (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Big Data, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing; 100081, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (3) School of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing; 400067, China

Corresponding author: Wu, Jianzhai(wujianzhai@caas.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 165-174

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Accurate segmentation of cotton leaf adhesion lesions not only can extract the feature vector of individual lesions to a large extent, but also is important for the improvement of the accuracy of lesion identification. Some methods for adhesion lesions segmentation may result in over-segmentation or under-segmentation. In addition, some segmentation methods for adhesion lesions can better solve the segmentation problem, but the selection of parameters is sensitive, which needs to be manually set and cannot adapt to complex conditions, such as H-minima transform. Aiming at the adhesion problem between lesions, an adaptive watershed segmentation method was proposed. Firstly, for the cotton lesion area extraction, the Gaussian filter was used for image filtering processing, and then the super green color component was extracted and OTSU binary segmentation was performed. Post-segmentation processing was carried by the mathematical morphology of hole filling and the morphological opening operation, so that the contour of segmented lesion area was continuous and the edge was smooth. Secondly, the local minimum threshold (h) was determined. Based on the H-minima watershed segmentation method, the proposed method combined the least squares method error theory to fit the least squares of each connected component in the image. And the least squares error value was calculated, then the contour irregularity of each connected component was determined according to the least squares error value. The minimum threshold h of the H-minima transform was determined based on different contour irregularities. Finally, Watershed segmentation of cotton leaf adhesion lesions was achieved based on different minimum thresholds. A total of 160 images with 2 to 5 adhesion lesions were selected from the lesion sample library for testing. The lesions segmentation accuracy for cotton leaves with different number of adhesion lesions was 91.25% with running time of 0.088 s. The proposal method achieved the automatic segmentation, and was especially suitable for the adhesion of different lesions and irregularities. Meanwhile, 150 samples with high degree adhesion lesion of ring disease, brown spot, anthracnose, leaf spot and cotton boll blight were selected for different segmentation methods contrast test. The results of contrast test - showed that the proposed method could automatically segment the adhesion lesions of 5 diseases. Distance watershed method, Gradient watershed segmentation method, marker watershed segmentation method, Chan-Vese method, Gaussian mixture method and the proposed method, the correct segmentation ratio were 67.8%, 36.4%, 83.7%, 70.3%, 82.1% and 93.5%, respectively, with the average running time of 0.034, 0.036, 0.046, 0.357, 0.108 and 0.094 s. The experimental results showed that the proposed method was superior to the other 5 methods, especially the over-segmentation problem was effectively suppressed. The proposed method took slightly longer time than the distance watershed segmentation method, the gradient watershed segmentation method, and the marker watershed segmentation method, and was lower than the Chan-Vese method and the Gaussian mixture method, which could still meet the real-time image processing requirements. The results of lesion segmentation test in complex environment showed that under complex conditions such as complex background, uneven illumination and uniform lesion size, the proposed method could better achieve the segmentation of adhesion lesions, and its segmentation accuracy and running time could meet the actual needs. The proposed method can not only automatically segment the adhesion lesions on cotton leaf, but also provide reference for the segmentation of adhesion lesions for other crop leaves. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Image segmentation

Controlled terms: Adhesion  -  Algorithms  -  Cotton  -  Crops  -  Errors  -  Gaussian distribution  -  Least squares approximations  -  Mathematical morphology  -  Problem solving

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic segmentations  -  Gaussian mixture methods  -  H-minima transformation  -  Least square methods  -  Lesion identifications  -  Real-time image processing  -  Segmentation processing  -  Watershed segmentation

Classification code: 821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  922.1 Probability Theory  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.64e+01%, Percentage 6.78e+01%, Percentage 7.03e+01%, Percentage 8.21e+01%, Percentage 8.37e+01%, Percentage 9.12e+01%, Percentage 9.35e+01%, Time 1.08e-01s, Time 8.80e-02s, Time 9.40e-02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.020

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

25. Potato bud eyes recognition based on three-dimensional geometric features of color saturation

Accession number: 20191906870475

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yuhua (1); Li, Tianhua (1); Niu, Ziru (1); Wu, Yanqiang (1); Zhang, Zhilong (1); Hou, Jialin (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an; 271018, China; (2) Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment, Tai’an; 271018, China

Corresponding author: Hou, Jialin(jlhou@sdau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 158-164

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Potato is an important food crop with planting area been increased annually. Potato should be cut according to agronomic requirements before planting to make the potato sprout early and to increase the yield and to save the seed potato. The bud position and the weight of the seed potato cutting have an important influence on late growth of potato. Accurate identification of the bud eye is the premise of automatic cutting of seed potatoes. In addition, bud eyes are easy to be confused with mechanical damages such as growth spots, soil and skin breakage. In order to reduce the false recognition rate and improve the success rate of bud eyes recognition, a method for identifying potato buds based on three-dimensional geometric features of color saturation are proposed. By comparing the color space of potato, it is found that the color saturation component S in the HSI color space is the most obvious. In addition, it is less affected by light conditions, avoiding low recognition accuracy caused by interference of brightness factors. In this paper, four eigenvectors based on their longitudinal section curves and their first derivatives were proposed by analyzing the S component in the three-dimensional geometric space. The four-feature comprehensive judgment criterion was used to identify the bud eye longitudinally, and then the bud eye vertical recognition result was screened again according to the lateral characteristics of the bud eye. The modified method can greatly reduce the bud eye false recognition rate. The specific potato bud eyes recognition algorithm was as follows: 1) Color saturation S component was obtained by converting the acquired image from RGB color space to HSI color space. 2) The S component curve was obtained by longitudinally column-by-column interception of the three-dimensional map of the S component. Then derivative curve was obtained by deriving the S component curve. 3) First, all the valley positions of the first derivative curve of the S component were obtained, and the four bud eye feature parameters corresponding to the position were obtained. Then, the bud eye was identified according to the determination rule. If the condition was satisfied, the corresponding row and column position was set to 0, otherwise it was set to 1. The bud eye binarization matrix was obtained by performing bud eye feature determination on all longitudinal columns of the S component three-dimensional map.4) According to the lateral continuity of the bud eye and the arc-like structure of the lower edge of the bud, the morphological processing of the bud eye binarization matrix was carried out, and the false bud eyes were further removed to complete the bud eyes recognition. The influence of defects such as broken skin, growth spots and mechanical damage on the accuracy of bud-eye recognition was also analyzed in this paper. The data indicated that mechanical damage, growth spots, etc. was not confused with bud eyes and caused misjudgment of the buds. The algorithm can effectively prevent the influence of these interference factors. The experimental results showed that the recognition rate of bud eyes was 91.48%, of which, the recognition rate of non-germinated buds, germinated buds and the false recognition rate of bud eyes was 92.21%, 89.00% and 4.32%, respectively. The probability of seed potato cutting without buds due to false recognition of bud eyes was less than 1.01%. This can effectively prevent the seedling shortage caused by potato cutting without buds, resulting in reduced production. The average time taken to identify a single image is 2.68 s. The results indicated that the method can provide reference for the bud eyes recognition of seed potato automatic cutting machine due to its low false recognition rate of bud eye, strong anti-interference ability and high stability. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 40

Main heading: Color

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Geometry  -  Image processing  -  Image recognition  -  Machinery  -  Seed  -  Thermography (temperature measurement)

Uncontrolled terms: Color saturation  -  False recognition rate  -  Geometric feature  -  Morphological processing  -  Potato bud eyes recognition  -  Recognition accuracy  -  Recognition algorithm  -  Three-dimensional maps

Classification code: 741.1 Light/Optics  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  921 Mathematics  -  944.6 Temperature Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.01e+00%, Percentage 4.32e+00%, Percentage 8.90e+01%, Percentage 9.15e+01%, Percentage 9.22e+01%, Time 2.68e+00s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.019

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

26. Development of island aquaculture environment monitoring system based on low-power wide area networks

Accession number: 20191906870478

Title of translation:

Authors: Jin, Guang (1); Gao, Zihang (1); Jiang, Xianliang (1); Zhu, Jiahua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo; 315211, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 184-191

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The low-power wide area networks (LPWAN) provide efficient and feasible technical means for monitoring the environment of island aquaculture. At present, most successful environment monitoring applications have been deployed in artificially controlled environments such as cities and parks, or with the help of mobile telecommunication networks. Unlike previous researches, this study introduces LPWAN into wild environments such as islands and integrates with existing sensor technologies to build long-range wireless sensing and monitoring systems. Due to the relatively scattered areas, adverse working environments, inconvenience of manual inspection and long period of data collection, several problems exist if traditional wireless sensor network (WSN) is used for the deployment of island aquaculture environmental monitoring system. Firstly, the communication range of the node is limited; secondly, the network needs too many routing nodes and is too complex; thirdly, the overall network power consumption will be rather high. In order to improve the performance of the system, the paper designed a new kind of monitoring system for island aquaculture environment based on LPWAN. The system includes terminal acquisition nodes with integrated Arduino and some sensors, a sink gateway for data aggregations and long-distance transmission via the long range radio (LoRa), and a background database management system for data collection, storage, processing, access and control using Python and PostgreSQL. When the monitoring network is actually deployed, it is considered that some nodes locate in the center of the aquaculture area and the monitoring worker cannot easily reach the locations. Therefore it is difficult to easily place and deploy the terminal sensor nodes. To solve the problem, we also designed and implemented an unmanned ship equipped with terminal sensor nodes to facilitate the deployment of terminal nodes. Through assessment of the complexity of the network topology and energy consumption, it was demonstrated that LoRaWAN is superior to the traditional ZigBee network to deploy a monitoring network in the island aquaculture environment. Our tests also showed that this actual system can effectively achieve the long-distance data acquisition and transmission of the environment information for the island aquaculture with low power consumption. Network lifetime and transmission reliability tests showed that the network has an effective lifetime of 2.4 a when terminal sensor nodes use the 3.7 V/4 200 mAh battery and the upload period is 30 min. Within 800 m for the communication distance, the node packet loss rate is less than 3.6% when the transmission power is 20 mW. Furthermore, it is found that the received signal strength fluctuates significantly within 24 h. We investigated that at night, the received signal strength decreases significantly and the quality of the communication link reduces. It showed that the island environment of the aquaculture area has a great impact on the communication quality of the LPWAN system. In particular, the temperature changes at night and the wind enhancement can lead to rapid decay of the LoRa signal and the quality of the network communication drops significantly. According to the test in the island environment, the system can effectively transmit data from the terminal sensor nodes and reflect the information of island aquaculture environment. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 26

Main heading: Monitoring

Controlled terms: Access control  -  Aquaculture  -  Complex networks  -  Data acquisition  -  Data communication systems  -  Digital storage  -  Electric power transmission  -  Electric power utilization  -  Energy utilization  -  Environmental engineering   -  Gateways (computer networks)  -  Information management  -  Low power electronics  -  Radio transmission  -  Sensor nodes  -  Wide area networks  -  Wireless sensor networks  -  Zigbee

Uncontrolled terms: Environment monitoring system  -  Environmental Monitoring  -  Environmental monitoring system  -  Island environments  -  Long distance transmission  -  Low Power  -  Mobile telecommunication networks  -  Monitoring system

Classification code: 525.3 Energy Utilization  -  706.1 Electric Power Systems  -  706.1.1 Electric Power Transmission  -  716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment  -  722 Computer Systems and Equipment  -  723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  821.3 Agricultural Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 3.60e+00%, Power 2.00e-02W, Size 8.00e+02m, Time 1.80e+03s, Time 8.64e+04s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.022

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

27. Study on bond behavior test and bond-slip constitutive model between straw ash concrete and reinforcement bar

Accession number: 20191906870485

Title of translation:

Authors: Liu, Baohua (1, 2); Yi, Duhang (3); Fang, Liang (1)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha; 410128, China; (2) Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment, Changsha; 410128, China; (3) Southwest Jiaotong University School of Civil Engineering, Chengdu; 610031, China

Corresponding author: Fang, Liang(fangliang@hunau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 239-246

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: In order to establish the bond-slip (τ-s) constitutive relationship between ash concrete and crescent reinforce bars, straw ash was mixed into concrete as equivalent replacement of 5%, 10% and 15% of cement amount to make bond specimens of different strength grade, C20, C30 and C40. The τ1-s1 curves of ash concrete and crescent reinforced bar were obtained through the test of central pull-out. Based on τ1-s1 curves, the constitutive models of ash concrete and three kinds of crescent reinforce bar with different diameters (12, 16, 20 mm) were established. In addition, the change of τ1-s1 curve of ash concrete under different ash content was explained in according to electron microscopy scanning. Finally, spring2 in ABAQUS was used to simulate the central pull-out test. The results showed that both compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete cube decrease with the increase of ash content. However, comparing with high-strength concrete, low-strength concrete reflects its advantages better because of ash incorporation. Splitting failure and pull-out failure are the main bond failure modes between ash concrete and crescent steel bar. And splitting-pull-out failure only occurs in those bond specimens with 15% ash content, C20 concrete design strength grade and 12 mm diameter steel bar. When the ash content is 5%, the micro-structure of concrete is continuous and compact, and the bonding performance is the best. When the ash content increases to 15%, compared with the control concrete, the micro-morphology of concrete changes to loose and porous from continuous and compact, which leads to 52% reduction of concrete splitting tensile strength. The bonding performance between ash concrete and crescent steel bar is correspondingly weakened, and the shape parameters in τ-s constitutive model is also changed with the change of mixing amount of ash. When the ash content is 5%, the τ-s curve coincides with the normal concrete, compared with the control concrete, the ultimate bond strength of ash concrete only decreases by 6%. With the increase of ash content to 10% and 15%, the bond performance between ash concrete and steel bar is obviously weakened. Compared with plain concrete, the ultimate bond strength of ash concrete with 10% and 15% ash content decreases by 17% and 32% respectively. For bond specimens with diameters of 16 and 20 mm, splitting failure of concrete occurs prematurely, so that τ-s curve only shows an ascending section. The bond performance law of the two types of steel bar is similar to that of steel bar with diameter of 12 mm, that is, with 5% ash content concrete performs the best bond strength. And the bond performance becomes worse with the increase of ash content. Finally, the τ-s constitutive model of this study was input into spring 2 unit of ABAQUS software to verify the accuracy of the model, the central pulling test was successfully simulated based on ABAQUS software. The results showed that the test τ-s curve closely fits the ABAQUS simulation curve, and the fitting determination coefficient is 0.94, which proves the validity of τ-s model of this study. Comparing with Harajli τ-s model, the fitting variance of the τ-s model in this study is reduced by 50% from 0.002 to 0.001, and its fitting stability is better than that of Harajli τ-s constitutive model. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 27

Main heading: Failure (mechanical)

Controlled terms: ABAQUS  -  Bars (metal)  -  Bond strength (materials)  -  Compressive strength  -  Concrete mixing  -  Concrete reinforcements  -  Concrete testing  -  Concretes  -  Constitutive models  -  Curve fitting   -  High performance concrete  -  Models  -  Morphology  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Software testing  -  Tensile strength  -  Testing

Uncontrolled terms: Constitutive relationships  -  Determination coefficients  -  High strength concretes  -  Low strength concrete  -  Micromorphologies  -  Splitting tensile strength  -  Strength of concrete  -  Ultimate bond strength

Classification code: 412 Concrete  -  412.2 Concrete Reinforcements  -  535.1.2 Rolling Mill Practice  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 1.50e+01%, Percentage 1.70e+01%, Percentage 3.20e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+01%, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+00%, Size 1.20e-02m, Size 1.60e-02m, Size 2.00e-02m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.029

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

28. Comparison and improvement of time delay parameter algorithm for feedforward volume compensation control in canal system

Accession number: 20191906870465

Title of translation:

Authors: Guan, Guanghua (1); Liao, Wenjun (1); Mao, Zhonghao (1); Zhong, Ke (1); Xiao, Changcheng (1); Su, Haiwang (1); Huang, Huiyong (2)

Author affiliation: (1) State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan; 430072, China; (2) Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan; 430010, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 72-80

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Control algorithm of open canal system is mainly composed of feedforward and feedback module. Feedforward control roughly adjusts canal flow according to the water supply plan, while feedback module tries to reduce real-time water level deviation from the target. However, feedforward has great impact on the system’s dynamic performance. Generally feedforward control of canal is using volume compensation method which has one most important parameter, time delay parameter. Actually, the complexity of wave actions in open channel makes it difficult to accurately estimate the time delay parameter, thus it reduces the performance of feedforward control, and sometimes lead to waste of precious water resources. The effect of different time delay parameter algorithms applied to the practical canal system has not been compared and evaluated in living literature. At the same time, volume compensation requires numerical computation of volume change which might be further simplified in terms of the relationship between time delay parameter and water demand change flow. The constant downstream water level operation is usually adopted by many water transfer projects such as the middle route and the east route of the South-to-North water transfer project in China. To compare the effectiveness of different algorithm, this paper use test canal system(ASCE) and practical engineering canal system for modeling and simulation. Based on the volume step compensation and volume secondary compensation algorithm, combined with the integral improved proportional- integral(PI)controller, stable time, maximum overshoot flow, integral of absolute magnitude of error(IAE) and integrated absolute discharge change(IAQ) are selected to quantitative analysis the control effect. The results suggest that the secondary disturbance problem of volume secondary compensation algorithm is inevitable, which adds extra disturbance and leads to longer stable time. When the storage volume of target canal is easy to obtain, the time delay parameter calculated by the volume step compensation algorithm makes the transition faster and more stable. In the practical engineering canal system with small flow change, the stable time of the volume step compensation algorithm is 40.42% less than that of the water balance model algorithm. For large flow change, the maximum overshoot flow of the volume step compensation algorithm is the smallest, only 3% more than the target flow; its stable time is 25.45% less than that of the water balance model algorithm. The results show that the effect of the volume step compensation control is much more fast, gentle and stable than the volume secondary compensation algorithm. Furthermore, it is easier to program. Therefore, this paper recommends the volume step compensation algorithm as the main feedforward method for canal system. But even for this method, numerical computation of volume change is still needed. In order to explore the relation between the volume change, water demand change flow and time delay parameter, we examine time delay parameter by adopting the theory of constant gradual flow in open channel, and propose a new equation of the time delay parameter based on the volume step compensation. The coefficients of time delay parameter explicit algorithm are influenced by channel geometry parameters and initial flow conditions. In real application, it is possible to determine the time delay parameter without estimating the volume change. However, compared with the rigorous mathematical solution, the results need to be corrected by empirical formula. Due to the test data of this paper, the percentage difference of time delay parameter between time delay parameter explicit algorithm and volume step compensation algorithm is less than 8%, the accuracy of the proposed formula is good enough for engineering purpose. The results show explicit algorithm is quite promising for the control of canal systems. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 31

Main heading: Delay control systems

Controlled terms: Climate models  -  Control systems  -  Digital storage  -  Error compensation  -  Feedback  -  Feedforward control  -  Hydraulic structures  -  Numerical methods  -  Open channel flow  -  Parameter estimation   -  Time delay  -  Timing circuits  -  Two term control systems  -  Water levels  -  Water management  -  Water supply

Uncontrolled terms: Canal systems  -  Flow  -  Mathematical solutions  -  Proportional integral controllers  -  South to North Water Transfer Project  -  Time delay parameters  -  Volume compensation method  -  Water transfer projects

Classification code: 443 Meteorology  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  713 Electronic Circuits  -  713.4 Pulse Circuits  -  722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  731.1 Control Systems  -  921 Mathematics  -  921.6 Numerical Methods

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 2.54e+01%, Percentage 3.00e+00%, Percentage 4.04e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.009

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

29. Catalytic infrared radiation improving peeling effect and quality of cherry tomatoes

Accession number: 20191906870492

Title of translation:

Authors: Xu, Baoguo (1, 2); Zhou, Tianchu (1); Wei, Benxi (1, 2); Ren, Xiaofeng (1); Wu, Bengang (1, 2); Zhou, Cunshan (1); Ma, Haile (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) College of Food Process Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China

Corresponding author: Zhou, Cunshan(cunshanzhou@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 299-305

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Tomatoes are regarded as an important agricultural commodity in the world due to their essential role in the diet as a vital source of vitamins (C and E), phenolics and flavonoids. Tomatoes is available in various products including juice, purees, pastes, ketchup, sauces, salsas, soups and canned tomatoes. However, tomato skin, which consists of a thin cuticle layer, a single layer of epidermal cells, and two to four layers of hypodermal cells, is very tough and undesirable to consumers. Therefore, during the processing of tomato products, peeling is the first and particularly important unit operation. The traditional peeling methods including mechanical, chemical and hot soaking peeling have been applied for cherry tomatoes. These peeling methods with high energy and water consumption, serious product salinity and wastewater disposal problems are not environmental friendly. Therefore, sustainable and non-chemical peeling methods have been desired by tomato processors for a long time to reduce water, energy and chemical reagent consumption, meanwhile obtain high quality peeled products. Recently, infrared and ultrasound technologies had been studied as alternatives to food processing technologies. Thus, catalytic infrared radiation and ultrasound technologies were chosen for peeling cherry tomatoes in this study. The effects of different catalytic infrared radiation parameters and ultrasonic durations on the peeling effect of cherry tomatoes were investigated. In addition, the comparison of traditional peeling methods (hot water and lye peeling) on the peeling effect, lycopene content, flesh color and texture of cherry tomatoes was also carried out. Microstructural changes in tomato epidermal tissues under catalytic infrared radiation were also compared with those of control, hot water, hot lye and ultrasonic treated samples. The results showed that the optimal catalytic infrared radiation parameters were as follows: radiation distance of 30 cm and duration of 3 min. In addition, as the peeling times of the hot water, lye and ultrasonic peeling methods increased, the peeling effects of cherry tomatoes enhanced. Compared to the hot water, lye and ultrasonic peeling methods, the peeling effect of catalytic infrared radiation significantly improved (P ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Fruits

Controlled terms: Food processing  -  Histology  -  Infrared radiation  -  Peeling  -  Physicochemical properties  -  Processed foods  -  Radiation effects  -  Scanning electron microscopy  -  Sodium hydroxide  -  Textures   -  Tissue  -  Ultrasonics  -  Wastewater disposal  -  Water  -  Wood

Uncontrolled terms: Agricultural commodities  -  Cherry tomatoes  -  Environmental-friendly  -  Food processing technology  -  Microstructural changes  -  Radiation parameters  -  Ultrasonic treatments  -  Ultrasound technology

Classification code: 452.4 Industrial Wastes Treatment and Disposal  -  461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering  -  741.1 Light/Optics  -  753.1 Ultrasonic Waves  -  811.2 Wood and Wood Products  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  822.2 Food Processing Operations  -  822.3 Food Products

Numerical data indexing: Size 3.00e-01m, Time 1.80e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.036

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

30. Effect of arc and taper plate impellers on performance of high specific speed centrifugal fan

Accession number: 20191906870463

Title of translation:

Authors: Wang, Wei (1); Li, Xuan (1); Lu, Jinling (1); Luo, Xingqi (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an; 710048, China

Corresponding author: Lu, Jinling(jinling_lu@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 52-59

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Centrifugal fans are widely used in agriculture, energy, chemical, smelting, papermaking, and environmental protection industries. With the development of our society and the widespread use of centrifugal fans, the high demands on performance of centrifugal fans are expected. Raising the efficiency of centrifugal fan is extremely important for energy saving and emission reduction, which is conducive to promoting the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. In practical engineering applications, such as exhaust fans, the specific speed becomes higher with the higher requirement of mass flow. Due to traditional experiences in design, high specific speed (100 - 200) fans are mostly designed as axial flow type. If centrifugal fans are replaced with axial fans, it does not conform to the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction in consideration of site constraints, on-site installation and cost. Therefore, it is more economical and feasible to replace the centrifugal impeller without changing the original volute. The high specific speed centrifugal impeller is characterized as large flow, low pressure rise and small impeller diameter. With the much effort by scholars, the high specific speed centrifugal impeller has been applied in the fields of pump and compressor in recent years. The design of high specific speed can make the impeller operate in the high-efficient area. Meanwhile, it has the advantages of reducing the size of impeller and cost. The centrifugal fans are mechanically different from pumps and compressors, and the flow field is extremely complex. The design methodology of high specific speed centrifugal compressor may not be suitable for centrifugal fan. The development of high specific speed centrifugal fan impeller is still in active demand. To our best knowledge, little effort is made on the research of high specific speed centrifugal fan. Therefore, in this paper, we used a high specific speed centrifugal fan with a specific speed of 120 as the research object. Compared with the original front taper plate of impeller, four kinds of impeller with different front arc plates were designed by reducing the outlet width. Through experimental verification and numerical simulation, the effects of different front plate impellers on the high specific speed centrifugal fan performance were analyzed experimentally and numerically. The mechanisms of efficiency enhancement were also studied. For the full-annulus three-dimensional simulation of the high specific speed centrifugal fan, the standard κ-Ε turbulence model was used. The calculation domain contained inlet pipe, impeller, volute and outlet pipe. All domains were equipped with hexahedral structured grids. The results of numerical simulation were in agreement with the experiment, which confirmed that the numerical simulation model and the calculation methods could be used to predict the internal-flow in the high specific speed centrifugal fan. The results showed that the maximum efficiency point of the high specific speed impeller was offset to large flow condition. With the enhancement of the specific speed, the influence of impeller shrouds was increased. When the specific speed was 73 and 120, the efficiency of front arc plate impeller was increased by 5% and 14.5%, respectively compared with front taper plate impeller. The pressure gradient of high specific speed centrifugal fan front taper plate impeller near the shroud is irregular. At the same time, the flow separation occurs prematurely and extends to flow channels, these produced a large number of passage vortex in the flow channel. As the flow separation further extended to exports, the fluid circulations seriously prevented the fluid from flowing into the volute. The optimized front arc plate impeller exit flow angles were increased. Moreover, the amplitude of pressure fluctuation at impeller outlet and turbulence kinetic energy was reduced. The better front arc plate impeller can further reduce boundary layer loss and improve operation stability, so that the efficiency was improved by 1% under the design condition. The conclusion in this paper had reference value for the design and study of internal flow in the impeller of centrifugal fan with high specific speed. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 24

Main heading: Centrifugal compressors

Controlled terms: Atmospheric thermodynamics  -  Boundary layers  -  Centrifugation  -  Channel flow  -  Compressors  -  Computer simulation  -  Cost reduction  -  Emission control  -  Energy conservation  -  Fans   -  Flow fields  -  Flow separation  -  Impellers  -  Kinetic energy  -  Kinetics  -  Numerical methods  -  Numerical models  -  Optimization  -  Speed  -  Turbulence models

Uncontrolled terms: Centrifugal fans  -  Energy conservation and emission reductions  -  Energy saving and emission reductions  -  Flow field characteristics  -  High specific speed  -  Practical engineering applications  -  Three dimensional simulations  -  Turbulence kinetic energy

Classification code: 443.1 Atmospheric Properties  -  451.2 Air Pollution Control  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  601.2 Machine Components  -  618.1 Compressors  -  618.3 Blowers and Fans  -  631 Fluid Flow  -  631.1 Fluid Flow, General  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  921 Mathematics

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 5.00e+00%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.007

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

31. Reconstruction of living, production and ecological space based on spatial functional value in mine-grain mixed zone

Accession number: 20191906870486

Title of translation:

Authors: Yang, Jun (1, 3); Guo, Lilan (1); Li, Zheng (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Faculty of Geomatics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (2) School of Economics and Management, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China; (3) Center of Geological Resource Economics and Management Research, East China University of Technology, Nanchang; 330013, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 247-255

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Mining areas include production areas, the living areas for workers and their families, as well as local farmers. While mine-grain mixed zone refers to the compound area of main grain-producing areas and main producing areas of mineral resources, which not only ensures normal mining activities of mineral resources, but also ensures the output and quality of grain production. We could learn that there are difference between mining area and mine-grain mixed zone in definition. The mine and grain mixed zone has more complex function than mining area alone. Mining activities will produce exhaust gas, waste water, waste residue and other wastes that will pollute the atmospheric environment, water, and soils harmful to animal, plant and people in the area. In addition, the level of land use diversity in mine-grain mixed area production is higher than other areas such as sole mining, or farming area. From this view, the conflict of living, production and ecological space in mine and grain composite area is more serious. However, the extent of the living, production and ecological space conflict in mine-grain mixed area is not very clearly known at present. It may be affected by both the mining activities and grain production. All of these problems need to be studied. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study whether the gold mine area impacts on the spatial distribution of living, production and ecological space. Based on both the theory of AVC (attractive, vitality and capacity) and space function values, we reconstructed the spatial distribution of living, production and ecological space, and realized the spatial optimization and coordinated development. During the process of optimization, we set a goal of building a habitability, suitable for tourism and suitable for industrial environment. And taking Xuguang township, Yiyang County, mine-grain mixed zone as the studied area, the space function value was calculated by adjusted value per unit area equivalent method, and we adjusted stroke of spatial layout based on the theory of AVC and space function values. The results showed that the mining area had certain negative effects on living, production and ecological space. Besides, the living, production and ecological space function value was inversely proportional to the distance from the mining area. In addition, the distribution of living, production and ecological space had the characteristics of minority concentration and most dispersion. While, both the function value of living, production and ecological space was improved and the spatial pattern was transformed from disorder to regulation after space reconstruction. In addition, the value of ecological space function increased from 23 587.22×104 yuan to 24 307.13×104 yuan. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Ecology

Controlled terms: Economic geology  -  Land use  -  Mineral resources  -  Spatial distribution

Uncontrolled terms: Atmospheric environment  -  Industrial environments  -  Land use diversity  -  Living, production and ecological space (LPE)  -  Mining activities  -  Space reconstruction  -  Spatial optimization  -  The theory of AVC

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  921 Mathematics

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.030

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

32. Effects of nutrient solution concentrations on quality and yield of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting

Accession number: 20191906870480

Title of translation:

Authors: Li, Yuxiang (1, 2); Xie, Shuangxi (1); Liu, Yang (2); Ding, Yanfeng (1); Wang, Shaohua (1); Liu, Zhenghui (1); Tang, She (1); Ding, Chengqiang (1); Chen, Lin (1); Li, Ganghua (1)

Author affiliation: (1) Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing; 210095, China; (2) The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group/Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China

Corresponding author: Li, Ganghua(lgh@njau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 201-209

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings (HLMS) is a novel seedling cultivation method that improves work efficiency with lower labor costs, increases flexibility of seedling age, enables high-yield and high-efficiency rice production. Seedbed nutrient management is very important for the cultivation of vigorous rice seedlings under mechanical transplanting. Thus, it is of great importance for high yield formation to understand rice seedling quality, mechanical transplanting quality, field growth characteristics and yield formation affected by different nutrient solution concentrations. In this paper, field experiment was conducted in 2014 by using two different cultivars japonica rice (Wuyunjing 24) and indica hybrid rice (6 Liangyou 9368) under different nutrient solution concentrations S1, S2, S4 and S8 for HLMS. Those treatments mean 1, 2, 4, 8 times as much as original nutrient solution concentration, respectively, and the composition of original nutrients in the solution were 0.643 g/kg N, 0.615 g/kg P2O5, 0.359 g/kg K2O, 127.2 mg/kg Mg, 26.34 mg/kg Fe, 8.26 mg/kg Mn, 0.11 mg/kg Mo, 0.66 mg/kg B, 0.99 mg/kg Zn, 1.405 mg/kg Cu, 49 mg/kg SiO2, 709.1 mg/kg Ca. The results showed that there were increases in shoot dry biomass, seedling base stem diameter, root-developing ability, plant nitrogen content, leaf area index and photosynthetic rate along with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations for both cultivars before transplantation. However, under the high nutrient solution concentration (S8), the root growth (dry matter accumulation, root activity) was inhibited, seedling emergence rate and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD)), malonaldehyde (MDA) contents in leaves and roots were decreased. Further, the missing hill rate was increased along with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations in both Wuyunjing 24 and 6 Liangyou 9368 cultivars, and it was significantly higher in S8 than that of S1, S2 and S4. The floating seedling rate was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations. The differences of seedlings per hill among all treatments were not obvious for Wuyunjing 24, but the seedlings per hill of S1, S2, S4 treatments were respectively significantly higher than that of S8(P2 for Wuyunjing 24 and 10.96 t/hm2 for 6 Liangyou 9368) resulted from weaker seedling quality, slower seedling reviving in the paddy field, delayed tiller emergence, lower dry matter accumulation in the paddy field and less panicles. Under the treatment S2 and S4, the grain yield of Wuyunjing 24 was 12.09 and 11.64 t/hm2 respectively, and 6 Liangyou 9368 were 12.16 and 12.47 t/hm2. The grain yield increased with the increase of nutrient solution concentrations when the concentration of nutrient solution was equal or less than 4 times of the original solution. However, the grain yield did not continue to increase with the increase of nutrient solution concentration due to the non-increased panicles and the decreased spikelets number per panicle. The grain yield of Wuyunjing 24 and 6 Liangyou 9368 were 11.59 and 11.48 t/hm2 under S8 treatment). Therefore, the suitable nutrient solution concentration of HLMS was S2 for Wuyunjing 24 and S2-S4 for 6 Liangyou 9368. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 38

Main heading: Nutrients

Controlled terms: Crops  -  Cultivation  -  Efficiency  -  Enzymes  -  Grain (agricultural product)  -  Plants (botany)  -  Silica  -  Wages

Uncontrolled terms: Hydroponics  -  Leaf Area Index  -  Mechanical transplanting  -  Nutrient solution  -  Rice (Oriza sativa)  -  Seedling quality  -  Yields

Classification code: 821.3 Agricultural Methods  -  821.4 Agricultural Products  -  912.4 Personnel  -  913.1 Production Engineering

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.024

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

33. Discussion on value-taking of relative parameters for assessment of livestock and poultry excrement resource in China

Accession number: 20191906870494

Title of translation:

Authors: Bao, Weiqing (1, 2); Liu, Jijun (3); An, Jie (3); Xie, Guanghui (1, 2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China; (2) National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, Beijing; 100193, China; (3) College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100193, China

Corresponding author: Xie, Guanghui(xiegh@cau.edu.cn)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 314-322

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Livestock and poultry excrement (LPE) is an important waste organic resource. An integrated evaluation of LPE quantity would significantly improve controlling the pollutant generated from livestock and poultry husbandry, however, for a long time, a consensus on LPE and an appropriate agreed-upon parameter selection were still lacking. Hence, this research aimed at determining the value of feeding cycle period, moisture content of LPE and commercial scale husbandry coefficient in evaluating LPE resource. This research collected the related literatures published in China or abroad since 1995 to gather various values of these parameters. Firstly, for the feeding cycle period of different kind of livestock and poultry, the rationality and reliability of the values from previous researches were collected and analyzed, and the possible wrong values were corrected. Noteworthy, this research firstly took the purge and disinfection period for poultry shed into consideration because it’s necessary in poultry husbandry industries. Secondly, the moisture content was of great importance for dry weight basis evaluation, because only the LPE in dry weight basis had comparability with other biomass. For a long time, researchers took the moisture content in feces into consideration only, however, ignored the moisture content in urine. This research gathered all related results in available publications, which were summarized to form a feasible conclusion. Thirdly, knowing the commercial scale husbandry coefficient would be helpful to LPE logistic, so this research required government information publicity from Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs. Hence, our results showed that the annual feeding cycle period of the pig was 179 days, the rabbit was 147 days, the broiler chicken, broiler duck and goose was 59, 59 and 80 days (including the purge and disinfection period of 10 days), respectively, the feeding cycle period of draft cattle, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, horse, donkey, mule, camel, egg chicken and egg duck was 365 days. The moisture content of LPE ranged from 51.0% to 84.2%, among which, duck excrement exhibited the lowest moisture content, and pig excrement showed the highest moisture content. In 2015-2016, the commercial scale husbandry coefficient of the major livestock and poultry (including pig, beef cattle, dairy cow, sheep, broiler chicken and egg chicken) ranged between 28.1%-74.1%, thereinto, the broiler chicken was the highest while the beef cattle lowest. With the up-dated coefficients, LPE production could be evaluated more precisely and the results of this research would help livestock farmers to manage and recycle LPE and facilitate related legislation to achieve the ecological agriculture in China. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 61

Main heading: Agriculture

Controlled terms: Beef  -  Disinfection  -  Feeding  -  Fertilizers  -  Mammals  -  Manures  -  Moisture  -  Moisture determination

Uncontrolled terms: Commercial scale husbandry coefficient  -  Cycle periods  -  Ecological agricultures  -  Government information  -  Integrated evaluation  -  Livestock and poultry excrement resource  -  Organic resources  -  Parameter selection

Classification code: 691.2 Materials Handling Methods  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control  -  821.5 Agricultural Wastes  -  822.3 Food Products  -  944.2 Moisture Measurements

Numerical data indexing: Age 1.00e+00yr, Age 1.62e-01yr, Age 2.19e-01yr, Age 2.74e-02yr, Age 4.03e-01yr, Age 4.90e-01yr, Percentage 2.81e+01% to 7.41e+01%, Percentage 5.10e+01% to 8.42e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.038

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

34. Variability characteristics of runoff-sediment discharge and their response to human activities in Xiang River basin in recent 60 years

Accession number: 20191906870472

Title of translation: 60

Authors: Long, Yuannan (1, 2); Tang, Rong (1); Jiang, Changbo (1, 2); Huang, Cao (1, 2); Wu, Changshan (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha; 410114, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha; 410114, China; (3) Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Maryland Ave., Milwaukee; WI; 53211, United States

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 132-143

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: River water and sediment characteristics are the main index reflecting the surface hydrological cycle process and soil erosion, and is of great significance to water resources and water ecological environment in the basin. In recent years, influenced by human activities and natural conditions, soil erosion in many watersheds is serious. With the population and economic development, demands for resources and influence on environment by human activities are increasing, and the impact of water and sediment disasters on social and economic development is increasingly prominent and their consequences are closely related to people’s quality of lives. Human activities in Xiang River Basin have a significant impact on the change of runoff and sediment discharge in Xiang River. Through applying the Mann-Kendall test, Pettitt test, and double cumulative curve, we analyzed the relationships between human activities (e.g. water-soil conservations, reservoir constructions, etc.) and annual runoff, flood season runoff as well as non-flood season runoff and sediment transport of the mainstream and tributaries of Xiang River from 1953 to 2014. Among them, the main control stations of the main stream include the Laobutou station in the upper stream, Hengyang station in the middle stream and Xiangtan station in the lower stream. The main representative control stations of the tributaries include Ouyanghai station in Chongling River, Shenshantou station in Zheng River, Ganxi station in Mi River and Daxitan station in Lu River. Results indicated that annual runoff and flood season runoff at main-stream and tributaries stations showed a strong correlation (R2=0.83 in Xiangtan station) with sediment loads, while the correlations were weak in non-flood seasons after 1990. Before 1990, the runoff and sediment loads at main stream stations were basically fluctuating. After 1990, the runoff at main stream stations showed an increasing trend, while the sediment discharge showed a decreasing trend at those stations, and particularly mutated slightly at Laobutou station. Except for several stations, the mutation years and the variations of the runoff and sediment discharge at tributary stations were consistent overall. Water-soil conservations and reservoir construction were verified to be main factors leading to the decrease in sediment discharge in Xiang River basin. Compared to tributary basin, the water-soil conservations had a more significant impact on the reduction of sediment discharge in the main stream of Xiang River. Moreover a strong correlation between reservoir constructions and sediment discharge reduction was found at the main streams as well as tributaries. According to the abrupt change point of sediment transport in Xiang River Basin in 1987 and 1997, the long series of data were divided into three periods: Period A ( 1960-1987 ), Period B (1988-1996) and Period C (1997-2013). Without considering the influence of temperature change, the contribution rate of rainfall and human activities to the reduction of sediment discharge can be calculated by the cumulative slope change rates. Compared with period A, the contribution rate of human activities such as soil and water conservation and reservoir sediment interception to the reduction of sediment transport in periods B and C was 88.58% and 94.01%. That was, human activities were the main factors for the reduction of sediment transport. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Rivers

Controlled terms: Economic and social effects  -  Erosion  -  Floods  -  Hydrology  -  Reservoirs (water)  -  Runoff  -  Sediment transport  -  Sedimentation  -  Soil conservation  -  Soil testing   -  Soils  -  Water conservation  -  Watersheds

Uncontrolled terms: Mutation analysis  -  Sediment detention  -  Sediment discharge  -  Soil and water conservation  -  Xiang river basins

Classification code: 441.2 Reservoirs  -  444 Water Resources  -  444.1 Surface Water  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Age 6.00e+01yr, Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.40e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.016

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

35. Effects of different vegetative restoration patterns on soil chemical properties and corrosion resistance of soils derived from red sandstone

Accession number: 20191906870470

Title of translation:

Authors: Zhang, Jie (1, 2, 3); Zheng, Taihui (2, 3); Xiao, Shengsheng (2, 3); Liao, Kaitao (2, 3)

Author affiliation: (1) Research Center of Water Resources and Ecological Environment of Poyang Lake, The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Nanchang; 330029, China; (2) Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang; 330029, China; (3) Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Nanchang; 330029, China

Corresponding author: Zheng, Taihui(ztaihui@163.com)

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 115-122

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Ecological stoichiometry of soil aggregates provides valuable insight into the nature and extent of nutrient limitation. However, our current understanding of the nutrient distribution and ecological stoichiometry of soil aggregates and their correlations is still relatively limited. The red soils derived from red sandstone are prone to water loss and soil erosion due to the poor structure and low retention capacity of water and fertility, leading to the difficulty in vegetation recovery and soil restoration. It is necessary to explore the microscopic mechanism of nutrient dynamic during the process of erosion inferior soil restoration. Several surface (0-30 cm) soil samples were collected from the eroded badlands of red sandstone under different vegetation restoration years and types including the slash pine of 2-year and 5-year artificial restoration, the slash pine of 5-year natural restoration, the wasteland of 5- year natural restoration, and the vacant land in 6-year waxberry garden. Composition and stability of soil aggregates were determined using dry and wet sieving method. Soil micro-aggregates and mechanical composition were analyzed. Soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in the aggregates at >10, 5-10, 2-5, 1-2, 0.5-1, 0.25-0.5 and 5 mm soil aggregates, accounting for more than 60% of the soils. 2-5 mm aggregate dominated in the soils from the wasteland of 5-year natural restoration. The soils developed from red sandstone under the other restoration measures were mainly composed of ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 37

Main heading: Soil conservation

Controlled terms: Aggregates  -  Chemical properties  -  Corrosion resistance  -  Ecology  -  Erosion  -  Forestry  -  Landforms  -  Nitrogen  -  Nutrients  -  Organic carbon   -  Phosphorus  -  Restoration  -  Revegetation  -  Sandstone  -  Soils  -  Stoichiometry  -  Underground corrosion  -  Vegetation

Uncontrolled terms: Anti-erodibility  -  Ecological stoichiometry  -  Mechanical compositions  -  Microscopic mechanisms  -  Physical and chemical properties  -  Red sandstone  -  Stoichiometric ratio  -  Water stable aggregates

Classification code: 406 Highway Engineering  -  442.2 Land Reclamation  -  454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems  -  481.1 Geology  -  482.2 Minerals  -  483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics  -  539.1 Metals Corrosion  -  801 Chemistry  -  801.4 Physical Chemistry  -  804 Chemical Products Generally  -  804.1 Organic Compounds

Numerical data indexing: Age 2.00e+00yr, Age 5.00e+00yr, Age 6.00e+00yr, Percentage 1.00e+01%, Percentage 5.57e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Size 0.00e+00m to 3.00e-01m, Size 2.00e-03m to 5.00e-03m, Size 2.50e-04m to 1.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-04m to 1.00e-03m, Size 5.00e-04m to 5.00e-03m

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.014

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

36. Study on characteristics of spatial agglomeration and spatial correlation of industrial land in Jiayuguan city

Accession number: 20191906870489

Title of translation:

Authors: Jiang, Qun’ou (1, 2); Sun, Siyang (1, 2); Wang, Chunli (1, 2); Shao, Yaqi (1, 2); Wang, Meilin (1, 2); Nie, Chengjing (3)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Prevention, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing; 100083, China; (3) School of Public Administration, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang; 050061, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 274-282

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Industrial agglomeration plays a significant role in promoting regional economic development and regional competitiveness, and gradually becomes the main mode of regional economic development and industrial upgrading. Spatial agglomeration and correlation should not only consider the distribution density of an industrial land type, but also consider the location, size and shape of each patch. Neighborhood analysis can be used to analyze the correlation between industrial land types through the relationship between the area of specific patches and adjacent patches. This study applied the fishnet to divide the visual interpretation data into 20877 patches and calculated the spatial agglomeration degree and spatial correlation degree among 8 different industries in urban and suburban areas of Jiayuguan by establishing a single index evaluation system for industrial spatial agglomeration and combining the neighborhood abundance factor with the class interaction factor to establish the evaluation method of Industrial Spatial Association. And then the spatial agglomeration level and spatial correlation degree among industries were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) the first industry mainly distributed in a small area in the north, and the land spatial agglomeration was low. However, the second industrial land spatial agglomeration degree was high, and the industrial development mainly gathered in the northern or eastern region. As for the tertiary industry, its land spatial aggregation degree was relatively high, and has more dispersed distribution compared to the second industry. 2) Spatial agglomeration degree of manufacturing land was highest, and the largest spatial aggregation of the patches was 69.5%. There were two different dense zones between 8%-20% and 46%-64%, and the industrial cluster effect has initially formed in the eastern part. The spatial agglomeration of patches in transportation, warehousing, post and information industry has formed a particularly dense distribution belt between 15%-23%. Although the transportation industry land area was larger, its spatial distribution was dispersed. 3) The areas of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry were relative small and had a low correlation with other industrial land, as the area of first industry was close to the urban area and the suburb. The second industrial land has shown a certain rejection effect on the tertiary industrial land and the residential land. 4) The interaction factor between the mining, smelting, processing and manufacturing and the production and supply and management of public resources was more than 1. The relationship between transportation, warehousing, post and information industry, commercial service industry and public management and public service and residential land was also high, and three of them were related to each other, which showed that the aggregation and local flow of the population promote the development of the tertiary industry. The spatial agglomeration degree and spatial correlation degree can accurately present industrial agglomeration level and express inter industry relationship. This study further illustrates that the successful transformation of Jiayuguan’s industry can not be separated from the strong industrial base of its second industrial agglomeration. And the agglomeration and diversification of manufacturing industry is also the dynamic guarantee for the rapid development of the steel market under the weakness of the steel market. The employment opportunities provided by the manufacturing industry and other second products also have an effective role in promoting the development and agglomeration of the three industries. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 30

Main heading: Competition

Controlled terms: Agglomeration  -  Association reactions  -  Commerce  -  Economic and social effects  -  Fisheries  -  Forestry  -  Housing  -  Industry  -  Land use  -  Manufacture   -  Regional planning  -  Spatial distribution  -  Warehouses

Uncontrolled terms: Correlation analysis  -  Employment opportunities  -  Jiayuguan  -  Manufacturing industries  -  Regional economic development  -  Spatial correlations  -  Transportation industry  -  Urban and suburban areas

Classification code: 403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development  -  537.1 Heat Treatment Processes  -  694.4 Storage  -  802.2 Chemical Reactions  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  911.2 Industrial Economics  -  921 Mathematics  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.50e+01% to 2.30e+01%, Percentage 4.60e+01% to 6.40e+01%, Percentage 6.95e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+00% to 2.00e+01%

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.033

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

37. Machine identification of electrical penetration graphic waveforms of aphid based on fractal dimension and Hilbert-Huang transform

Accession number: 20191906870477

Title of translation: HHT

Authors: Wu, Lili (1); Jia, Shuheng (1); Xing, Yuqing (1); Lu, Shaohua (2); Pan, Jianbin (1); Yan, Fengming (2)

Author affiliation: (1) College of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China; (2) College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou; 450002, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 175-183

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: Insect electrical penetration graph (EPG) technology has been widely applied in researching the feeding behavior of piercing-sucking insects, the relationship between insects and plants, insect transmission mechanism and crop resistance mechanism. However, the identification and analysis of EPG signals have been carried out manually, it is urgent to develop the automatic identification system of EPG waveforms to improve the efficiency. EPG waveforms produced by piercing-sucking insects are related to the insects and plant species, and the EPG waveforms of different types of piercing sucking insects vary greatly, and even the same type of EPG waveform has different amplitude and frequency, which brings difficulties to machine recognition of EPG waveform. EPG waveform is a time series, and its irregularity can be described by fractal theory, fractal theory can reveal the similarity of local part with the whole of the EPG waveform in a certain aspect, the fractal dimension (FD) of the EPG waveform can reflect the characteristic change and the complexity of the geometric shape. EPG waveform belongs to the bioelectrical signal and is nonlinear and non-stationary in nature. Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a powerful tool for analyzing time-varying non-stationary signals, it decomposes the nonlinear signal into several single-mode signals, and adaptively selects the transforming substrate according to the signal itself, so that the bioelectrical signal can be decomposed in essence. In this paper, the EPG signals of aphid were taken as the research object, the feature extraction and classification of np, pd, E1, E2, G, C and F waveform were studied. An EPG waveform recognition method based on fractal dimension, HHT and decision tree was proposed. Firstly, the signals collected by the EPG instrument were denoised and preprocessed, then the features of fractal dimension and HHT were extracted respectively, and the different dimensions vectors were put into the decision tree classifier for comparative experiments, decision tree was used as a classifier, which was generated by C4.5 algorithm. In the process of constructing decision tree, there were 2 main steps: one was to select attribute by information gain ratio, and the other was to complete classification by post-pruning method. In machine recognition of EPG waveform, six-dimensional feature vectors were used as input signals, and 4 groups of samples were tested. The experimental results showed that the six-dimensional feature vectors with fractal box dimension, hurst exponent, spectral centroid and weighted frequency of the first 2 layers had the highest recognition rate. After 10 steps of pruning, the decision tree completed classification, and the recognition rates of the 4 tested groups were 92.14%, 89.29%, 95% and 89.29% respectively. By analyzing the confusion matrix of the 4 groups of test data, it could be seen that the np, E1 and G waveform could be accurately identified, the recognition rate of E2 and C waveform was low, which was prone to misjudgment, this was because that there was no obvious difference between the extracted characteristic values (such as box dimension, spectral centroid of the first 2 layers and weighted frequency of the second layer), C waveform was the most complex of all waveforms, which usually containing A, B waveform and some unrecognizable waveform, and was easy to be confused with other waveforms. The same test samples used for machine recognition were adopted in manual classification. The experimental results showed that the average recognition rate of artificial recognition was 99.11%, the average recognition rate for machine recognition was 91.43%, which was lower than the artificial recognition by 7.68 percent point, average time of the machine recognition was 18.22 s, which was only about 1/46 of that of artificial recognition 839.13 s. The proposed feature extraction method based on fractal dimension and HHT and the constructed decision tree classifier were feasible, which provided a theoretical reference for the research and development of EPG signals automatic identification and analysis system. This research can shorten the analysis time of EPG signal, accelerate the progress of scientific research, and promote the efficient use and intelligent development of EPG. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 32

Main heading: Data mining

Controlled terms: Automation  -  Behavioral research  -  C (programming language)  -  Classification (of information)  -  Decision trees  -  Extraction  -  Feature extraction  -  Fractal dimension  -  Mathematical transformations  -  Piercing   -  Signal analysis  -  Trees (mathematics)

Uncontrolled terms: Automatic identification system  -  Decision tree classifiers  -  Feature extraction and classification  -  Feature extraction methods  -  Hilbert Huang transforms  -  Insects  -  Research and development  -  Wave forms

Classification code: 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing  -  723.1.1 Computer Programming Languages  -  723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing  -  731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications  -  802.3 Chemical Operations  -  921 Mathematics  -  971 Social Sciences

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 7.68e+00%, Percentage 8.93e+01%, Percentage 9.14e+01%, Percentage 9.21e+01%, Percentage 9.50e+01%, Percentage 9.91e+01%, Time 8.39e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.021

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village

 

38. Numerical simulation on flow/thermal transfixion and temperature front migration of thermal well of pumping & recharging well filled with gravel

Accession number: 20191906870481

Title of translation: /

Authors: Song, Wei (1); Liu, Yuanzhou (1); Zheng, Tuanfeng (1); Liu, Xiaoxiu (1)

Author affiliation: (1) School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing; 100144, China

Source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abbreviated source title: Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao

Volume: 34

Issue: 24

Issue date: December 15, 2018

Publication year: 2018

Pages: 210-216

Language: Chinese

ISSN: 10026819

CODEN: NGOXEO

Document type: Journal article (JA)

Publisher: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

Abstract: The system of pumping & recharging well filled with gravel (PRWFG) is a specific type of the single thermal well used as ground heat exchanger. The heat efficiency of PRWFG is higher than that of the standing column well (SCW) or the traditional pumping & recharging well (PRW). The inlet water of the PRWFG converges and seeps toward the thermal well both horizontally and longitudinally as combined impacts of the positive recharging pressure, the negative pumping pressure and the gravity. During the procedure of seepage, the heat transfers between the inlet water and the water/solids in the aquifer via conduction, convection and thermal dispersion. The amount of heat transferred directly affects the efficiency and the capacity of the thermal well. Due to the low velocity of underground water, heat conduction occurs between the fluid and the solids, as well as between the solids. The heat transfer coefficient is relatively stable if there are certain hydrogeological conditions. Heat convection and thermal dispersion occur in the pores among the solids and the heat transfer coefficients depend on the flow rate of groundwater. A small amount of inlet water enters the outlet water pipe after heat exchanged with the gravel zone and the wall of the thermal well. Considering the facts that normally the porosity of the gravel zone is larger than that of the aquifer, the pressure difference between inlet and outlet water pipes is high and the distance between them is short, flow transfixion is more commonly happened in the thermal well than in the aquifer. Flow transfixion is a process that the inlet water in the thermal well enters the outlet water pipe through the gravel zone and the zone near the wellbore. The flow transfixion leads to a thermal transfixion by mixing water at different temperatures and mixed flow moves to the outlet water pipe. The formation of flow/thermal transfixion reduces the heat transfer efficiency and load-carrying capacity of thermal well. Currently, the bleeding strategy is usually used for decreasing flow/thermal transfixion. With the rapid development of computational fluid dynamics, numerical simulation is widely applied to the field of ground source heat pump. However, lots of researches focus on the aspects such as the thermal response radius of the pumping and recharging wells, the effect of groundwater seepage on the ground heat exchangers, and the characteristic of aquifer thermal energy storage. Considering the fact that there is insufficient research to predict the flow/thermal transfixion and the temperature migration of PRWFG, this paper provides a fundamental study in order to better understand the operation mechanism. The dynamic characteristics of PRWFG are quantitatively studied by establishing observation point, lines, surfaces and volumes based on the validated numerical model. The strength of flow transfixion is defined as the portion of the inlet water flow from the thermal well directly enters the outlet-water pipe through the gravel zone. Results show that the resultant velocity of PRWFG inlet water which flows back to the aquifer can be replaced by the component velocity in a specific direction. In this model, the strength of flow transfixion strength is 1.2 %. The time for the thermal transfixion to start and completely developed is 2.5 and 12 minutes respectively for the model running. It is also observed that during the same period when there are severe variations of the outlet water temperature, the thermal transfixion occurs and develops. In the area within 100 mm from the axis of thermal well, where the seepage velocity of groundwater is higher than 1×10-3 m/s, the velocity front migration is faster than the temperature front migration. On the contrary, the temperature front migration is greater than the velocity front migration. The quantitative analysis of flow transfixion, thermal transfixion and temperature front migration of PRWFG will provide a theoretical basis for further exploration of the optimized operation of the PRWFG system with higher efficiency. ©2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.

Number of references: 35

Main heading: Energy efficiency

Controlled terms: Aquifers  -  Computational fluid dynamics  -  Computer simulation  -  Dispersions  -  Flow of water  -  Geothermal heat pumps  -  Gravel  -  Groundwater resources  -  Heat conduction  -  Heat convection   -  Heat storage  -  Heat transfer coefficients  -  Hydrogeology  -  Numerical models  -  Pumps  -  Seepage  -  Temperature  -  Velocity  -  Water pipelines  -  Water piping systems   -  Wells

Uncontrolled terms: Aquifer thermal energy storage  -  Dynamic characteristics  -  Flow transfixion strength  -  Heat transfer efficiency  -  Hydrogeological conditions  -  Outlet-water temperatures  -  Temperature fronts  -  Thermal transfixion

Classification code: 444.2 Groundwater  -  446.1 Water Supply Systems  -  481.1 Geology  -  525.2 Energy Conservation  -  618.2 Pumps  -  631.1.1 Liquid Dynamics  -  641.1 Thermodynamics  -  641.2 Heat Transfer  -  723.5 Computer Applications  -  921 Mathematics  -  951 Materials Science

Numerical data indexing: Percentage 1.20e+00%, Size 1.00e-01m, Time 1.50e+02s, Time 7.20e+02s

DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.24.025

Compendex references: YES

Database: Compendex

Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Data Provider: Engineering Village