<RECORD 1>
Accession number:20191206653328
Title:Effect of different types of sluggishness packings on ammonia stripping of piggery biogas slurry
Authors:Zou, Mengyuan (1); Dong, Hongmin (1); Zhu, Zhiping (1); Zhan, Yuanhang (1); Yin, Fubin (1); Zhang, Wanqin (1); Cao, Qitao (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Zhu, Zhiping(zhuzhiping@caas.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:186-192
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The treatment effect of ammonia stripping which is a pretreatment method of piggery biogas slurry is affected by many factors including pH value, temperature, air liquid ratio and packings etc. On the basis of previous studies, ammonia stripping effects of piggery biogas slurry in polyhedral hollow ball, pall ring and fluidized bed packing were studied in this article. Effects of adding sodium hydroxide and stripping in different types of packings on chemical oxygen demand, total solid and volatile solid of biogas slurry were also discussed. 50 L piggery biogas slurry which had been pretreated by flocculation, solid-liquid separation and paper tape filtration in turn was added to each tank. The same volume of polyhedral hollow ball packing, pall ring packing and fluidized bed packing were loaded in the air stripping tower respectively. The packings material are polypropylene plastics, whose diameter are both 25 mm. Biogas slurry was stripped for 5 hours under the conditions with pH value of 10.5, air liquid ratio of 2 000 and temperature of 30℃. 150 mL sample was taken from the tank every half hour during the stripping process. The stripping effects in different types of packings were analyzed. The results showed that the ammonia nitrogen average removal rates in polyhedral hollow ball packing and fluidized bed packing were significantly higher than that of pall ring packing (P<0.05) and the ammonia nitrogen average removal rates were 80.7%, 59.0% and 77.4%, respectively, when the air stripping tower ran for 2 hours. Considering the operational energy consumption and ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal effects, polyhedral hollow ball packing was selected as the preferred material. The operation time should be controlled within 2 hours. The chemical oxygen demand of biogas slurry partial decreased on account of the compression of the twin electrical layer and coagulation after adding sodium hydroxide. The total solid and volatile solid of biogas slurry both increased because of the destruction of microorganism structure and the hydrolysis of macromolecular matters after adding sodium hydroxide. The chemical oxygen demand of biogas slurry partial increased, meanwhile, the total solid and volatile solid both decreased after ammonia stripping. The variations of chemical oxygen demand average removal rates and volatile solid average removal rates were different as a result of the differences in performance parameters of three types of packings, but they had no significant differences in three types of packings (P>0.05). The total solid average removal rate in fluidized bed packing was significantly higher than that of polyhedral hollow ball packing (P<0.05). 20 L piggery biogas slurry was stripped for 2 hours under the conditions with pH value of 10.5, air liquid ratio of 2 000 and temperature of 30℃ in polyhedral hollow ball packing and stripped ammonia was absorbed by 1 L sulfuric acid of 1, 1.5 and 2 mol/L, respectively. The average absorption rates were 35.8%, 36.7% and 32.4%, respectively, and they had no significant differences (P>0.05). Considering the absorption effect and economy, 1 mol/L sulfuric acid was selected as the preferred absorbent to absorb stripped ammonia.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:38
Main heading:Chemical oxygen demand
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biogas - Energy utilization - Filtration - Fluidized beds - Liquids - Nitrogen removal - Oxygen - pH - Polypropylenes - Sodium hydroxide - Stripping (removal) - Sulfuric acid - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - Hollow balls - Pall rings - Performance parameters - Pretreatment methods - Removal efficiencies - Solid liquid separation - Total nitrogen removal
Classification code:522 Gas Fuels - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 619.2 Tanks - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 1.00e+03mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 1.50e+03mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 2.00e+03mol/m3, Percentage 3.24e+01%, Percentage 3.58e+01%, Percentage 3.67e+01%, Percentage 5.90e+01%, Percentage 7.74e+01%, Percentage 8.07e+01%, Size 2.50e-02m, Time 1.80e+04s, Time 7.20e+03s, Volume 1.00e-03m3, Volume 1.50e-04m3, Volume 5.00e-02m3, Volume 2.00e-02m3
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.023
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 2>
Accession number:20191206653308
Title:Development of control system for cotton picking test bench based on fuzzy PID control
Authors:Wang, Youzhi (1, 2); Zhang, Hongwen (1, 2); Wang, Lei (1, 2); Li, Guangyao (1, 2); Zhang, Yong (1, 2); Liu, Xiumei (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment Ministry of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi; 832003, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Hongwen(zhw_mac@shzu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:23-32
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The quality of cotton harvesting performance has a direct impact on the technical index such as net production rate of cotton, loss rate of hit cotton and impurity rate. At the same time, field cotton picking test parameters are important basis for measuring cotton picking performance. In order to study and develop the cotton picking device, the cotton picking experiment must be carried out by using the experimental device. A control system of cotton picking test bench was designed in this paper. PLC (programmable logic controller) was used as the processor of the system and HMI (human-machine interface) was designed based on LabVIEW, which realized the automatic start-stop of the cotton picking test bench, and the picking performance parameters could be manual adjustment on the human-computer interface. According to the design requirements, the corresponding network programs included the main program, motor speed control subroutine, data acquisition and processing subroutine, serial communication subroutine, data storage subroutine and so on. The sub-program of motor speed control included the start and stop of picking motor, conveyor belt motor and fan motor. The subroutine of data acquisition and processing was used to collect the torque and speed of the picking device and the conveyor belt, the temperature and humidity of the picking environment. Serial communication subroutine was used to develop the communication program with PLC based on the standard of VISA instrument programming I/O API in LabVIEW. The data storage was used to collect the datas and save it to the hard disk for subsequent data analysis after processing. The control system was composed of 3 parts: motor control system, data acquisition system and upper computer. The motor control system consists of frequency converter, picking motor, conveyor motor, fan motor and PLC controller. According to the motor speed and fuzzy PID control strategy, the rotational speed of the plucking drum, the speed of conveyor belt and the speed of the fan were accurately controlled. The data acquisition system was composed of USB-2000 acquisition card, temperature and humidity sensor, torque speed sensor, F/V converter and signal conditioning circuit. Before the data collection system working, the parameters of USB-2000 card, communication channel and data acquisition frequency should be selected first. The output datas of torque speed sensor and temperature and humidity sensor were recorded in a high-speed and accurate way. At the same time, the torque speed sensor was used to measure the real-time speed of the motor, and on this basis, the fuzzy PID control of the motor was carried out. The upper computer system was made up of IPC and measurement and control software, the human-computer interaction interface developed by LabVIEW displayed and analyzed data in real time. The test results show that the picking speed and speed of conveyor belt could be continuously adjusted within 0~2 m/s, the temperature and picking torque signals could be collected quickly from 0~5 kHz and 10~15 kHz, and could carry on the data collection and record. In order to verify the reliability and accuracy of the measurement and control system, the picking experiment of cotton (Xin Luzao 26) was carried out in this paper. The moisture content of cotton was 25.1%, the plant spacing was 300 mm and the row spacing was 600 mm. When the conveyor speed was 1.67 m/s and the picking drum speed was 120 r/min, the cotton picking net rate of the cotton picking test bench was 94.3%, the impurity rate was less than 14.1%, the ground cotton was less than 1.1%, and the cotton picking quality was meet the requirements of the national cotton picker operating procedures. The quality of cotton picking conform the requirements of the national cotton picking machine. It provided a theoretical basis and technical support for the optimization of performance parameters of picking head and the localization of cotton picking and harvesting equipment.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Computer control systems
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Application programming interfaces (API) - Belt conveyors - Computer control - Computer programming languages - Controllers - Cotton - Data acquisition - Data communication systems - Data handling - Hard disk storage - Human computer interaction - Humidity sensors - Signal conditioning circuits - Speed - Speed control - Speed regulators - Subroutines - Three term control systems - Torque
Uncontrolled terms:Human computer interaction interface - Human computer interfaces - Measurement and control systems - Picking heads - Picking performance - PLC (programmable logic controller) - Temperature and humidities - Temperature and humidity sensor
Classification code:443.2 Meteorological Instrumentation - 692.1 Conveyors - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731 Automatic Control Principles and Applications - 732.1 Control Equipment - 821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Rotational_Speed 1.20e+02RPM, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 6.00e-01m, Velocity 0.00e+00m/s to 2.00e+00m/s, Velocity 1.67e+00m/s, Frequency 0.00e+00Hz to 5.00e+03Hz, Frequency 1.00e+04Hz to 1.50e+04Hz, Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 1.41e+01%, Percentage 2.51e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.003
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 3>
Accession number:20191206653311
Title:Study on jet mixing pesticide concentration field measurement with planar laser induced fluorescence
Authors:Guan, Xianping (1, 2); Qiu, Baijing (2); Gong, Yan (1); Dong, Xiaoya (2); Ou, Mingxiong (2); Dong, Lili (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing; 210014, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China
Corresponding author:Guan, Xianping(xpguan@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:49-58
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Online mixing provide the required concentration of pesticides by injecting the required amount of solution in real time. The concentration field measurement is important for evaluating the effect of online mixing. The plane laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) method is suitable for the concentration field measurement of online mixing with the advantages such as no-touching, no influence on the mixing field, quickly and accurately. In order to measure the jet mixing concentration field for agricultural spraying, a jet mixing device and an auxiliary measurement device of PLIF concentration field were developed in this paper. The jet mixing device included round jet pipe, jet nozzle, mixing tube and other components. This paper mainly focused on the measurement of the mixture concentration field of the small flow nozzles. For this purpose, the inlet diameters of the mixing tubes were D=1.0, 1.5 and 2.5mm and the outlet diameters of jet nozzles were d=0.6, 0.8 and 1.0mm. To be beneficial to pesticide inhalation, the selected combination was D=1.5mm and d=0.8mm in the experiments. Then experiments based on PLIF measurement devices were carried out. Firstly, the concentration calibration experiments were carried out. 6 different concentrations of Rhodamine 6G homogeneous mixture were formulated to calibrate the concentration test. The measured image was filtered by smoothing filter to eliminate the influence of the measurement noise. According to the calibration of total average gray value, the concentration difference between each local area was large, and the gray values of the edge area were obviously smaller than those of the centre one. The calibration based on grid division was able to handle the problem of uneven gray level of the measured image, and a more uniform subarea concentration could be obtained. The calibration effect of 2 calibration methods was compared. The first method was the total average gray calibration(TAC)one which taken the global average gray to calibrate the concentration. The second was grid-based calibration(GBC) one which divided the measurement field into grids and calibrated the concentration grid by grid. The measurement results showed that both the longitudinal and lateral grayscale differences could be smoothed by GBC and more balanced subregional concentrations could be obtained. The difference between the maximum and minimum average gray value based on 8×14 GBC was only 25.22% of that of TAC, which meaned that the calibration accuracy could be improved greatly by GBC. Secondly, the measurement of concentration field with water inlet pressure 0.1-0.6 MPa was carried out with 3 different inhalation concentrations (3.125, 1.000 and 0.250 mg/L). The calibration coefficients of each grid by GBC calibration were used to calculate the average concentrations and coefficient of variation of the measured pictures. The measurement results of different inhalation concentration at different pressure showed that the pressure had a certain effect on average concentration and coefficient of variation in general. Both the average concentrations and the coefficients of variation were relatively larger at pressure 0.1 and 0.2 MPa. Both the average concentrations and the coefficients of variation were smaller at pressure 0.3-0.6 MPa, which indicated that the uniformity of the mixture increased with the increase of pressure in general. The variation trend of the average concentration of the longitudinal and lateral grids showed that the concentration of the end of the mixed tube was higher and the longitudinal mean variation coefficient of the end was larger at 0.1 and 0.2 MPa. The mixing uniformity of the mixing tube was reduced as near the pipe wall. In general, the maximum and minimum concentration difference between different grids was larger at lower pressure, that was, the mixing uniformity was poor at lower pressure. The study showed that the PLIF method is suitable for the concentration field measurement, and the measurement precision can be improved with GBC method and that the pressure may influence the concentration field.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:34
Main heading:Mixing
Controlled terms:Calibration - Concentration (process) - Fluorescence - Laser optics - Laser produced plasmas - Mixtures - Nozzles - Pesticides
Uncontrolled terms:Calibration coefficients - Calibration experiments - Coefficient of variation - Coefficients of variations - Jet mixing - Pesticide concentrations - Planar laser induced fluorescence - Plane laser induced fluorescence
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 744.9 Laser Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.50e-03m, Size 2.50e-03m, Size 8.00e-04m, Mass_Density 1.00e-03kg/m3, Mass_Density 2.50e-04kg/m3, Percentage 2.52e+01%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa to 6.00e+05Pa, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa, Pressure 3.00e+05Pa to 6.00e+05Pa, Size 1.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.006
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 4>
Accession number:20191206653318
Title:Aerated subsurface drip irrigation improving soil aeration and tomato growth
Authors:Zang, Ming (1); Lei, Hongjun (1); Pan, Hongwei (1); Liu, Huan (1); Xu, Jianxin (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Protection Engineering in Henan province, Zhengzhou; 450046, China
Corresponding author:Lei, Hongjun(hj_lei2002@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:109-118
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Effects of aerated subsurface drip irrigation (ASDI) on yield potential and quality of crop, and relationships between soil aeration, crop yield and fruit quality are less known so far. In order to reveal the relationship between crop growth and soil aeration under ASDI, a pot experiment was conducted using tomato in the Efficiency Agriculture Water Experimental Farm of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (34°47'5.91″N, 113°47'20.15″E). Herein, 2 levels of irrigation amount (W<inf>1</inf> and W<inf>2</inf> as 0.6 and 1.0 times of the crop-pan coefficient, respectively) and 2 aeration treatments (A and C as ASDI and control treatment, i.e., non-aeration treatment by subsurface drip irrigation) were set up. During the trial, the soil aeration index under a loamy clay soil, such as air-filled porosity, soil dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), oxygen diffusion rate (ODR), soil respiration, photosynthesis index, crop aboveground biomass, root biomass, nutrient uptake, yield and fruit quality were monitored systematically. The correlation analysis was conducted among soil aeration index, photosynthesis index, nutrient uptake efficiency, yield, and fruit quality. Results showed that the ASDI improved the soil aeration. Compared to control treatment groups, the DO in W<inf>2</inf>A and W<inf>1</inf>A treatments were increased by 25.71% and 10.64% on the next day after irrigation at flowering and fruit bearing period (P<0.05). In W<inf>2</inf>A and W<inf>1</inf>A, similarly, the ODR were increased by 52.90% and 32.27% and the Eh were increased by 41.99% and 20.99%, respectively (P<0.05). In contrast with the control groups, the soil respiration in W<inf>2</inf>A and W<inf>1</inf>A were significantly increased by 64.70% and 28.45% during the flowering and fruit bearing period, 14.17% and 33.24% during the fruit expanding period, 56.91% and 32.86% during the mature period (P<0.05). Meanwhile, there were obvious positive correlations between ODR and Eh and DO and air-filled porosity (P<0.01). The ASDI had a positive effect on the crop photosynthesis, benefiting the increment in biomass, nutrient uptake and crop quality. Compared to the control groups, the net photosynthetic rate in W<inf>2</inf>A treatment at flowering and fruit bearing period, fruit expanding period and mature period were increased by 14.51%, 21.72% and 13.76%, respectively (P<0.05). The net photosynthetic rate in W<inf>1</inf>A treatment at fruit expanding period was increased by 55.26% (P<0.05). The aboveground fresh weight and root fresh weight significantly increased by 68.14% and 55.18% in W<inf>2</inf>A treatment, while the aboveground fresh weight and root fresh weight increased by 9.88% and 45.37% in W<inf>1</inf>A treatment (P<0.05). Compared to the control treatment, nitrogen uptake in root, stem and leaf were increased by 52.94%, 42.03% and 24.12%, and phosphorus utilization in root and stem were increased by 74.07% and 36.00%, while the potassium accumulation in root, stem and leaf were increased by 56.52%, 41.09% and 22.44% in W<inf>2</inf>A treatment (P<0.05). Similarly, the crop yield, fruit soluble solids, vitamin C content, total acid content and soluble protein in W<inf>2</inf>A were increased by 66.40%, 51.77%, 20.26%, 55.26% and 63.64%, respectively (P<0.05). The fruit soluble solids, vitamin C content and total acid content in W<inf>1</inf>A treatment were increased by 43.55%, 29.68% and 71.43%, respectively (P<0.05). The ASDI treatment at the irrigation of 1.0 times of the crop-pan coefficient showed the most efficient promotion on soil aeration, crop growth and fruit quality enhancement. There were significantly positive correlations between crop yield and DO, Eh and respiration under ASDI (P<0.05). In addition, there were positive correlations between crop quality (soluble solids and total acid content) and soil aeration indexes (DO, ODR and respiration) (P<0.05). In sum, these results would provide valuable information for the effect of ASDI on soil aeration, crop yield and fruit quality enhancement.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Quality control
Controlled terms:Biomass - Clay - Crops - Dissolved oxygen - Ecology - Efficiency - Fruits - Irrigation - Nutrients - Photosynthesis - Porosity - Redox reactions - Sewage lagoons - Subirrigation - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Crop growth - Fruit quality - Nutrient uptake - Soil aeration - Yield
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 452.2 Sewage Treatment - 454.3 Ecology and Ecosystems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.1 Production Engineering - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 6.36e+01%, Percentage 6.47e+01%, Percentage 6.64e+01%, Percentage 6.81e+01%, Percentage 7.14e+01%, Percentage 7.41e+01%, Percentage 9.88e+00%, Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.38e+01%, Percentage 1.42e+01%, Percentage 1.45e+01%, Percentage 2.03e+01%, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.17e+01%, Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 2.41e+01%, Percentage 2.57e+01%, Percentage 2.84e+01%, Percentage 2.97e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 3.29e+01%, Percentage 3.32e+01%, Percentage 3.60e+01%, Percentage 4.11e+01%, Percentage 4.20e+01%, Percentage 4.35e+01%, Percentage 4.54e+01%, Percentage 5.18e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+01%, Percentage 5.52e+01%, Percentage 5.53e+01%, Percentage 5.65e+01%, Percentage 5.69e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.013
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 5>
Accession number:20191206653316
Title:Influence of water stress level on determination of soil moisture sensor position under variable rate irrigation
Authors:Li, Xiumei (1); Zhao, Weixia (1); Li, Jiusheng (1); Li, Yanfeng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing; 100048, China
Corresponding author:Li, Jiusheng(lijs@iwhr.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:94-100
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Determining positions to represent mean soil water content based on soil clay contents is an alternative method for positioning soil water content sensors in wireless sensor networks for a variable rate irrigation system. The field was divided into 4 management zones according to available soil water holding capacity (AWC). Two of the 4 management zones were selected to arrange the rain-fed treatment and 3 irrigation treatments representing different water stress levels to assess the effect of the levels on the placement of soil water content sensors under variable rate irrigation system. In zone 1, sand fraction largely increased with depth with AWC within 1-m soil profile ranging from 152 to 161 mm. In zone 2, a relatively uniform profile was observed along the profile with AWC within 1-m soil profile ranging from 161 to 171 mm. Based on the temporal stability of soil water content, the effects of soil water status and soil properties on the similarity of soil water spatial pattern and the positions directly representing the plot-mean soil water content were studied. Results showed that both of soil texture and water stress had effect on the structure similarity of soil water content distribution. In zone 1, the average Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0-0.6 m was significant at the probability level of 0.05 only in the rain-fed treatment in the 2016 season. In zone 2, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was significant at the probability level of 0.05 in all treatments in the 2016 season and in the medium and low water stress treatments in the 2017 season. The percentages of positions directly representing the mean soil water content were almost the same in zones 1 and 2. Affected by soil water status, the percentages increased as the level of soil water stress decreased in zone 1. While in zone 2, as the severity of water stress decreased, the percentages decreased and then had a slight increase. In general, significant linear regressions (P<0.05) between the mean clay content and the clay content representing the mean soil water content sites were found in layers 0-0.2, 0.2-0.4, and 0.4-0.6 m for all the treatments in 2016 and 2017, except for that in the severe water stress treatment in 2016. The fitted equation coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 1.03 in the 2 seasons, demonstrating a clearly increasing trend as the severity of water stress increased in 2017. When the mean clay content was used for a priori identification for positioning soil water content sensors in the management zones under variable rate irrigation system in a field with sandy loam soil, the strategies of water stress management should be considered in determining a fitted equation coefficients.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Water distribution systems
Controlled terms:Irrigation - Moisture control - Networks (circuits) - Rain - Sensors - Soil moisture - Soils - Textures - Water content - Water treatment - Wireless sensor networks
Uncontrolled terms:Available soil waters - Equation coefficients - Placement - Soil moisture sensors - Spearman's rank correlation coefficients - Time stability - Variable rate irrigations - Winter wheat
Classification code:443.3 Precipitation - 445.1 Water Treatment Techniques - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 703.1 Electric Networks - 716.3 Radio Systems and Equipment - 731.3 Specific Variables Control - 821.3 Agricultural Methods
Numerical data indexing:Size 0.00e+00m to 6.00e-01m, Size 1.00e+00m, Size 1.52e-01m to 1.61e-01m, Size 1.61e-01m to 1.71e-01m, Size 4.00e-01m to 6.00e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.011
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 6>
Accession number:20191206653322
Title:Green peach recognition based on improved discriminative regional feature integration algorithm in similar background
Authors:Huang, Xiaoyu (1); Li, Guanglin (1); Ma, Chi (1); Yang, Shihang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400715, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guanglin(liguanglin@swu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:142-148
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to solve the problems in the recognition of immature green fruits under natural illumination in machine vision recognition, such as the color similarity between the fruits and the background, uneven illumination and partial occlusion, etc., in this paper, color, texture and shape features of green peach were combined to identify immature green peach based on the DRFI (discriminative regional feature integration) algorithm. The color features included the mean of R component minus B component, Hue component. The texture features were variances of LM(Leung-Malik) filter bank response and LBP(local binary pattern) feature, and the shape features included area, perimeter, circularity, major axis length, minor axis length, length-width ratio, major-axis length to perimeter ratio and eccentricity. The DRFI algorithm mainly had 3 steps, that was, the multi-level segmentation, saliency computation in each level and multi-level saliency fusion. Firstly, the input image was preprocessed based on the multi-level segmentation, which were generated in the graph-based image segmentation algorithm with different control parameters of standard deviation of kernel function of the Gaussian filter (sigma), the number of the merged region (k), and the minimal pixels of segmented region (min). With the values of control parameters changing, different image segmentation results were obtained. In this paper, the input image was divided into 25 layers in the training set and each layer was further divided into several super-pixels. Secondly, the super-pixel in each layer had 26 feature variables, which included 2 color features, 16 textural features and 8 shape features. The segmentation results of each layer of the input image were matched with the ground truth map, then the tag of the super-pixel was produced, which was the positive one (the peach) or the negative one (the background). The 26 dimensional feature vector and tag of each super pixel were inputted into the random forest model, and the regression model was trained, and then the saliency map of each layer segmentation image was calculated by the model. Thirdly, the DRFI saliency map was obtained by a linear combiner to fuse the multi-level saliency map, whose weights was given through a least square estimator. To effectively detect the immature green peach in natural environment, the DRFI saliency map needed to be processed further. So adaptive segmentation threshold from the OTSU algorithm for DRFI saliency map must be adjusted to reduce the wrongly segmentation of the fruit with low probability in the saliency map. Mathematical morphology was then used, such as removing noise from the binary map. The watershed segmentation algorithm which combined the maker-controlled and distance transform was used to separate the fruit which still existed adhesion after segmentation. A total of 186 images were collected as the samples for experiment. 150 images were randomly selected as the training set, and the remaining 36 images were as the validation set. The experimental results of peach images recognition showed that the recognition accuracy of the proposed method in this paper in the training set was 91.7%, and the accuracy in the validation set reached 88.3%. At the same time, the recognition results of the proposed method outperformed the results from other methods, including Kurtulmus et al.(2014), Ma et al.(2016), and original DRFI algorithm(2017). Furthermore, the proposed algorithm could show a good performance in the complex scenes such as sunny side, shadow side, occlusion and overlap. The recognition results revealed that the proposed method could provide reference for early estimation of fruit yield and picking of green fruit automatically and intelligently.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image segmentation
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Color - Computer vision - Decision trees - Estimation - Feature extraction - Fruits - Graphic methods - Image processing - Mathematical morphology - Object recognition - Pixels - Regression analysis - Textures
Uncontrolled terms:Graph-based image segmentations - Least square estimators - Peach - Random forest modeling - Recognition - Salient object detection - Watershed segmentation algorithm - Watershed transform
Classification code:741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921 Mathematics - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 961 Systems Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.83e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.017
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 7>
Accession number:20191206653330
Title:Synergistic remediation of heavy metal Cd and Pb contaminated clay by freeze-thaw and chemical washing
Authors:Rui, Dahu (1, 2); Wu, Zhipeng (1); Wu, Yingfei (1); Chen, Xue (3); Liu, Jianfei (1); Ding, Jun (4)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo; 454000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (3) No.2 Institute of Geological & Mineral Resources Survey of Henan, Zhengzhou; 450001, China; (4) Henan Yuhan Environmental Governance Co., Ltd., Xinxiang; 450001, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:199-205
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Contamination of heavy metals in agricultural soil has been a worldwide challenge for the food security and the health. Especially, cadmium and lead contamination in soil is a serious problem in China. Therefore, it is imperative to develop remediation techniques, which are able to removal contaminants in a high efficient and cost effective way. Now, the traditional washing method is used for soil remediation on account of its' high efficiency and simple operation. However, the efficiency of traditional washing method is limited by permeability of soils, so this method can only repair a small range of heavy metal contaminated soil, which cannot be produced on a large scale, and the removal effect of the clay soil is generally poor. In order to solve the problem of low washing efficiency resulted from heavy texture and low permeability in clay soil, a cooperative remediation by freeze-thaw and chemical washing method was proposed. In this paper, taking Cd and Pb contaminated soil in a smelter as the research object, the empirical tests of freeze-thaw and washing (FTW) soil columns were conducted with 0.1 mol/L EDTA (ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt). The results show that repeated freezing and thawing (frost heave-water absorption, thaw settlement-drainage) of soil destroys the original cohesive force and soil skeleton structure between the soil particles, so that the soil particles were rearranged, which was contributed to the fully contact with the eluent and contaminants. After the freeze-thaw and soil washing tests, the washing effect was significantly improved. The removal rates of Cd in FTW3(FTW treatment with 3 freeze-thaw cycle; adding EDTA at 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle), FTW5(FTW treatment with 5 freeze-thaw cycle; adding EDTA at 1<sup>st</sup> and 2<sup>nd</sup> cycle) and FTW7(FTW treatment with 7 freeze-thaw cycle; adding EDTA at 1<sup>st</sup> to 3<sup>rd</sup> cycle) groups were 9.05%, 64.90% and 77.24% respectively, and the removal rates of Pb in FTW3, FTW5 and FTW7 groups were 2.06%, 14.42% and 37.78%, respectively. The morphology of heavy metals at different depths in the soil column after washing were analyzed by the three-stage continuous extraction method (BCR method) proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference. The weak acid extracted Cd increased by 20.76%, the average Cd of reducible state decreased by 41.58%, and the residual Cd increased by 193.45% in FTW3. The weak acid extracted Cd decreased by 0.39%, the average Cd of reducible state decreased by 45.75%, and the residual Cd increased by 43.73% in FTW5. The results showed that the weak acid extracted Cd decreased by 41.46%, the average Cd of the reducible state decreased by 63.02%, and the residual Cd decreased by 26.33% in FTW7. And the average Pb of reducible state increased by 11.23%, the average Pb of oxidizable state decreased by 63.12%, and the residual Pb increased by 53.97% in FTW3. The average Pb of reducible state decreased by 0.12%, the average Pb of oxidizable state decreased by 64.13%, and the residual Pb increased by 30.68% in FTW5. The average Pb of reducible state decreased by 32.32%, the average Pb of oxidizable state decreased by 62.05%, and the residual Pb decreased by 67.36% in FTW7. Moreover, the freeze-thaw and washing method has a lower ratio of liquid to soil, the ratio of liquid to soil were 0.32, 0.47 and 0.62, respectively, so that the amount of eluent was much smaller than that of the traditional washing method. Besides, through this study, it provides a method for the ex-situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil in seasonally frozen areas by using the phenomenon of freeze-thaw alternation in cold regions in the future.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Soil pollution
Controlled terms:Chemical contamination - Clay - Contamination - Cost effectiveness - Efficiency - Ethylene - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid - Extraction - Food supply - Freezing - Heavy metals - Pollution - Remediation - Smelting - Soil conservation - Soil pollution control - Soils - Textures - Thawing - Washing - Water absorption
Uncontrolled terms:Chemical washings - Clayey soils - Continuous extraction - European community bureau of references - Freeze-thaw cycles - Freezing and thawing - Heavy metal contaminated soils - Pb-contaminated soil
Classification code:454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 533.2 Metal Refining - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 822.3 Food Products - 911.2 Industrial Economics - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.93e+02%, Percentage 2.06e+00%, Percentage 2.08e+01%, Percentage 2.63e+01%, Percentage 3.07e+01%, Percentage 3.23e+01%, Percentage 3.78e+01%, Percentage 3.90e-01%, Percentage 4.15e+01%, Percentage 4.16e+01%, Percentage 4.37e+01%, Percentage 4.58e+01%, Percentage 5.40e+01%, Percentage 6.20e+01%, Percentage 6.41e+01%, Percentage 6.30e+01%, Percentage 6.31e+01%, Percentage 6.49e+01%, Percentage 6.74e+01%, Percentage 7.72e+01%, Percentage 9.05e+00%, Molar_Concentration 1.00e+02mol/m3, Percentage 1.12e+01%, Percentage 1.20e-01%, Percentage 1.44e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.025
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 8>
Accession number:20191206653324
Title:Research on energy-saving operating characteristics of water storage groundwater source heat pump heating system in plant factory
Authors:Shi, Huixian (1); Ren, Yike (1); Meng, Xiangzhen (1); Chen, Huizi (1); Ouyang, Sanchuan (1); Zhou, Qiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) New Rural Development Institute of Tongji University, National Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Shanghai; 200092, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:157-163
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The groundwater source heat pump has high efficiency and environmental protection in greenhouse temperature control. The operating energy consumption can be further reduced if the water storage technology were combined. It was researched which energy-saving operating characteristics a water storage groundwater source heat pump heating system has in this study, taking the example of the natural light plant factory in Shanghai. The total area was 21 000 m<sup>2</sup>, of which the heating area was 5 880 m<sup>2</sup>. The heating system included a groundwater heat exchange system, a heat pump unit, an air handling unit, and an energy storage system. Considering the change in electricity price and the change in heat load over time, the operating mode of the heating system is intermittent operation. At the time of power trough, the heat pump unit was fully open and energy was stored in the tank while heating. At the peak of power, the heat pump unit was stopped and the system made full use of the hot water tank for heating. At the time of the level section, reasonable regulation was carried out according to the stored energy of the hot water storage tank and the plant heat load demanded. The typical operating week,February 8th to 15th in 2017,was selected from the winter heating months. The operation data of the typical week was recorded and analyzed. The outdoor temperature,the solar radiation intensity,the indoor temperature,the indoor relative humidity and the COP(ratio of heat supply to power consumption) of the heat pump were all tested every 5 minutes on the typical week. The result shows that in winter, the groundwater source heat pump with energy storage tank heating system could better maintain the indoor temperature between 17 and 26℃. The indoor temperature was relatively low at night, but it could meet the growth demand of the crop at winter. The influence of solar radiation was large, and the indoor temperature was basically above 22℃, and even reached 28℃. The indoor relative humidity was always between 60% and 88%, which could avoid indoor high temperature with high humidity. When the system was in stable operation, the heat pump unit COP(coefficient of performance)was about 4.2. The day of February 9th, 2017 was selected from the typical week. On the typical day,it was cloudy and the temperature was below 4℃ throughout the day; the solar radiation intensity was 0-160 W/m<sup>2</sup> and the average solar radiation intensity was 62 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The total power consumption of the system was 10 142.71 MJ, and the COP of the system was 3.17. It was further explained for the system characteristics of high efficiency and good stability. Compared with non-storage ground source heat pump system,the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system saved 30.34% of the cost on the typical day. The significant economic benefit of the test system was showed. During the continuous heating period in winter, for the test heating system, the primary energy utilization coefficient was 0.99. And compared with cold water unit and coal-fired boiler supporting system and chiller and gas boiler supporting system, energy saving rate were respectively 81.05% and 74.83%. Different energy heating costs were compared. For the operating cost, the coal, gas and fuel methods are 1.25, 2.93 and 5.08 times of the test heating system. And for the CO<inf>2</inf> emission, they were 2.32, 1.19, and 0.88 times of the test heating system. Practice shows that the groundwater source heat pump with water energy storage system has good economic and environmental benefit, which can not only reduce the operating costs, but also make full use of geothermal energy and be beneficial to energy conservation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Geothermal heat pumps
Controlled terms:Coal fired boilers - Coefficient of performance - Digital storage - Economic and social effects - Electric energy storage - Electric power utilization - Energy conservation - Energy utilization - Environmental protection - Geothermal energy - Groundwater - Heating - Operating costs - Pumps - Solar radiation - Space heating - Thermal energy - Thermal load - Water tanks
Uncontrolled terms:Economic and environmental benefits - Groundwater source heat pump - Heating system - Operating characteristics - Operating energy consumption - Plant factory - Solar radiation intensity - Water storage
Classification code:444.2 Groundwater - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 481.3.1 Geothermal Phenomena - 524 Solid Fuels - 525.2 Energy Conservation - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 616.1 Heat Exchange Equipment and Components - 618.2 Pumps - 643.1 Space Heating - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 911.1 Cost Accounting - 971 Social Sciences
Numerical data indexing:Area 2.10e+04m2, Area 5.88e+03m2, Energy 1.43e+08J, Percentage 3.03e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01% to 8.80e+01%, Percentage 7.48e+01%, Percentage 8.10e+01%, Surface_Power_Density 0.00e+00W/m2 to 1.60e+02W/m2, Surface_Power_Density 6.20e+01W/m2, Time 3.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.019
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 9>
Accession number:20191206653335
Title:Influence of pig manure and rice straw mass ratio on its biogas production and archaeal communities in dry anaerobic co-digestion system
Authors:Qi, Ligewa (1); Gao, Wenxuan (1); Du, Lianzhu (1); Liang, Junfeng (1); Kong, Dewang (1); Shen, Chen (2); Zhang, Keqiang (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Agro-environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin; 300191, China; (2) Construction Bureau Sino-singapore Tianjin Eco-city, Tianjin; 300191, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Keqiang(kqzhang68@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:232-238
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Compared with wet anaerobic digestion, dry anaerobic digestion has the advantages of water conversation, low requirements on the composition of raw materials, less biogas slurry drainage, and low treatment cost of residues. With the increasing scarcity of water resources in the world, this technology is in line with resource utilization and water resources management. However, dry anaerobic digestion also has problems such as ammonia suppression, acid inhibition, and material flow problems. Studies have shown that compared with sole raw material anaerobic digestion, co-digestion can improve methane production performance and gas production rate, advance gas production peak time, balance daily gas production and avoid large fluctuations. To obtain better gas production performance, it is necessary to study the ratios of raw materials. With the rapid development of intensive and large-scale agriculture, livestock manure and crop straw have become China's most important biomass energy. The annual output of livestock manure and crop straw in China reached 3.8 billion tons and 1.04 billion tons respectively, and the total amount of pig manure discharge is the first in several livestock manure. The direct discharge of livestock manure and the burning of crop straw are serious harm to the environment. Pig manures and rice straw were used as raw materials to study the effects of ratios of pig manure to rice straw on gas production performance and archaea. The gas production process was simulated using index of the accumulation VS methane yield by modified Gompertz kinetic model. Therefore, in order to obtain the optimal proportion of raw materials in dry anaerobic batch digestion, the various substrate ratios of pig manure to rice straw at 1:0, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 0:1 were tested at 37℃and 90 g/(L•d) organic loading rate. The results showed that the cumulative methane yields on volatile solids reached 188.8, 204.0, 213.4, 198.1, 168.5, 169.6 and 124.7 mL/g from ratios of pig manure to rice straw at 1:0, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 0:1, respectively. The highest accumulative methane yields on volatile solids was from pig manure:rice straw = 2:1, which increased by 13.0% compared to that from the sole pig manure as substrate. Synergistic effect analysis showed that synergistic effects existed between pig manure and rice straw at the different mass ratios. The highest synergistic effect was from pig manure:rice straw = 2:1, and increase rate was 27.5%. The analysis of archaeal communities showed that the decline of the Shannon index before and after fermentation was consistent with the change of methane production. When the substrate ratio of pig manure and rice straw was 2:1, the Shannon index decreased the most, reaching 29.1%. Methanosphaerula was the dominant genera in our anaerobic digestion, and the abundance of Methanosphaerula was positively correlated to methane production. For practical project application, the substrate ratio of pig manure to rice straw at 2:1 is recommended, and the retention time is suggested for 36 d. The results provide theoretical and technical guidance for large scale dry anaerobic co-digestion of pig manure and rice straw biogas project.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Ammonia - Biogas - Crops - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Gases - Mammals - Manures - Methane - Water resources
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic co-digestion - Archaeal - Dry anaerobic digestions - Gas production process - Organic loading rates - Resource utilizations - Rice straws - Water resources management
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.30e+01%, Percentage 2.75e+01%, Percentage 2.91e+01%, Specific_Volume 1.25e-01m3/kg, Specific_Volume 1.70e-01m3/kg
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.030
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 10>
Accession number:20191206653314
Title:Research progress and improvement direction of squeezing dehydration technology and equipment of banana pseudostem
Authors:Xu, Shuying (1); Zhang, Yucang (1); Li, Jihui (1); Lin, Chang (1); Lin, Zhaohua (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Tropical Island Resources, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou; 570228, China
Corresponding author:Zhang, Yucang(zhangyucang88@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:76-84
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is one of the largest producers of bananas in the world. Every year after the harvest of banana, a large number of by-products, the banana pseudostem, increase sharply. The banana pseudostem processing is difficult and the utilization rate is low due to the bulkiness of the banana pseudostem, high moisture content and strong intensity of labors, which bring increasingly serious environmental pollution problems. Banana pseudostem technology is the key step for its utilization, which can effectively reduce the transportation cost and labor intensity of farmers, improve the comprehensive utilization rate. The morphology and the chemical component of banana pseudostem were studied firstly. The results showed that water content of the banana pseudostem was up to 90%; The banana pseudostem (dry basis) was composed primarily of cellulose (21.77%), hemicellulose (25.92%), lignin (10.88%) and pectin (3.50%), wax (3.63%) and water soluble matter (31.91%). It could be seen that the content of non cellulose was higher than the content of cellulose. The research status and recent development of the dehydration technology and equipment on high water content agricultural waste at home and abroad were also investigated. The structure characteristics of various typical dehydration equipment were pointed out, and the selection principle of banana pseudostem squeezing dehydration technology was discussed. As compared with the drying technology, the squeezing dehydration technology is high efficiency, low cost and good at feedstock adaptability and operability. The process and equipments of squeezing dehydration were studied. The plane squeezing dehydration process usually uses hydraulic oil as power input, which has the advantages of simple structure, small power consumption, good quality of residue cake, and which also has the disadvantages of the intermittent production, long expression time (the ratio of auxiliary time to whole time is about 15%~25%), trouble in loading and unloading cakes, heavy equipment, large cover of area. Compared with the plane squeezing dehydration process, the screw extruding process is characterized in continuous production, low labor intensity, high efficiency. Though it is in favor for comprehensive utilization, it also has disadvantages of high energy consumption, low efficiency of spiral, high maintenance cost. And the temperature of juice and residue are high. Agricultural raw materials need to be crushed in pretreatment in order to carry out the screw extruding process. The characteristics of roller squeezing dehydration process is continuous operation, but it also has the disadvantages of small pressure area, feeding difficultly, little processing quantity, low squeezing effect, and the poor material adaptability. Finally, based on the current main use of banana pseudostem, the whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration process of banana pseudostem will be an important research and application direction. The further researches on the process of banana pseudostem whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration were discussed in the following aspects. Firstly, the mechanism of banana pseudostem whole stalk roller squeezing dehydration should be explored. Secondly, banana pseudostem roller equeezing dehydration process is still blocked by the banana pseudostem fiber winding on the roller surface, so the antiwind design of the roller surface structure should be the focus of future research, which can facilitate feeding and discharging, impove dehydration rate. Banana pseudostem whole stalk squeezing dehydration equipment should be able to meet the requirement of squeezing the banana pseudostem raw materials in the fields, small volume, simple and safe operation, high capacity, high reliability. It can be accepted by banana farmers, and solve the problem of high cost of transportation fundamentally. Research results of this thesis provided refference for the squeezing dehydration process and equipment of banana pseudostem, and a model which may be useful for comprehensive utilization of banana pseudostem in industry should be established. There was a certain theoretical and application value for banana pseudostem dehydration.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:77
Main heading:Dehydration
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Auxiliary equipment - Cellulose - Costs - Energy utilization - Fruits - Heavy oil production - Hydraulic machinery - Processing - Rollers (machine components) - Screws - Unloading
Uncontrolled terms:Banana pseudostem - Comprehensive utilizations - Environmental pollution problem - Research and application - Resource utilizations - Squeezer - Structure characteristic - Technology and equipments
Classification code:511.1 Oil Field Production Operations - 525.3 Energy Utilization - 601.2 Machine Components - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 901 Engineering Profession - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 913.4 Manufacturing
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.09e+01%, Percentage 2.18e+01%, Percentage 2.59e+01%, Percentage 3.19e+01%, Percentage 3.50e+00%, Percentage 3.63e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.009
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 11>
Accession number:20191206653339
Title:Study on laminated bamboo lumber-wood I shaped joist with web opening reinforced by oriented stand board plates plates
Authors:Chen, Guo (1); Yu, Yunfei (1); Li, Xiang (1); He, Bin (1); Zheng, Naihao (1); Zhao, Huan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing; 210037, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:260-266
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Bamboo is considered as one of fastest-growing plants in the world, widely distributed in South America and Southeast Asia. Especially in southern China, the planting area and output of bamboo ranks first in the world. For decades, raw bamboo has been successfully used in civil construction, often in the form of beams, columns, rafters and so on. However, several problems arise in practical applications and need to be solved, such as thin-walled hollow, irregular shape, easy to crack when exposure to moisture alternation frequently. Laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) is considered as a promising green engineering material in modern bamboo construction, due to higher strength/weight ratio and more rapid renewability than common wood. Oriented strand board (OSB) is mainly made from thin wood flakes sliced from small-diameter, fast-growing trees. Due to good cost-efficiency ratio, the OSB panel has been used as webs of wood I-joist, floor sheathing, roof sheathing, and so on. An OSB webbed laminated bamboo lumber I shaped joist is introduced, which consists of four LBL flanges and OSB web. The LBL is attached to the OSB by adhesive and nails spaced at 150 mm in center. To study the capacity, deformation performance and failure mechanism of the OSB webbed bamboo I-joists with circular web opening, 42 joints with/without web opening are tested. Among them, 12 joists with web opening without strengthened, 27 joists with web opening are retrofitted by collar oriented strand board (C-OSB), two U shaped oriented strand board (TU-OSB) or U shaped oriented strand board (U-OSB) and 3 joists without opening for comparison. Results show that the effect of joists with hole diameter to web height less than 25% are negligible, no repairs are required. With the increase of ratio of the hole size to web height (d/h<inf>w</inf>), the peak load capacity and stiffness of the joists with big opening (d/h<inf>w</inf>≥50%) decrease significantly, and the joists failed in web shear failure around the opening, mainly in compression and tension failure. The cracking loads strengthened by OSB plates increases by 52.9%, the loads at allowable deflection increase by 12.1% on average, and the ultimate loads increase by 28.2%, respectively. The increase of carrying capacity is closely related to the types of OSB plates, and the C-OSB plate is the biggest. Also, the OSB plates can improve the initial stiffness, increased only by 11.5% on average. The improvement of C-OSB on mechanical performance of composite joists is most effective, TU-OSB less and U-OSB least. It is evident that the C-OSB has the greatest enhancement effectiveness on joist with opening, however, the selection of OSB plates for reinforcement should be considered comprehensively in practical applications. The C-OSB is suitable to retrofit joist with opening prior to the installation of the service pipes, while the TU-OSB and U-OSB can be used to reinforce the joist with the opening diameter less than 75% without removing the pipeline facilities. The results indicate that the OSB webbed LBL I joist has excellent mechanical performance which can be used for the bending members in bamboo structures and wood structure.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Failure (mechanical)
Controlled terms:Adhesives - Bamboo - Cracks - Laminating - Loading - Lumber - Plates (structural components) - Reinforcement - Stiffness - Strengthening (metal) - Thin walled structures - Wood - Wooden buildings
Uncontrolled terms:Circular web openings - Compression and tension - Failure mechanism - Green engineering material - Mechanical performance - Oriented Strandboard - Strength/weight ratio - Web openings
Classification code:402 Buildings and Towers - 408.2 Structural Members and Shapes - 531.1 Metallurgy - 691.2 Materials Handling Methods - 811.1 Pulp and Paper - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 816.1 Processing of Plastics and Other Polymers - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.15e+01%, Percentage 1.21e+01%, Percentage 2.50e+01%, Percentage 2.82e+01%, Percentage 5.29e+01%, Percentage 7.50e+01%, Size 1.50e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.034
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 12>
Accession number:20191206653337
Title:Optimization of pretreatment process for corn straw anaerobic digest
Authors:Wang, Xuhui (1, 2); Xu, Xin (3); Shan, Qimike (2); Wang, Hui (2); Ye, Kai (2); Li, Guan (1); Deng, Yu (4)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi; 830046, China; (2) Organisms Energy Research Institute in Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Urumqi; 830091, China; (3) Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi; 830091, China; (4) Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu; 610041, China
Corresponding author:Li, Guan(guanli@xju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:246-253
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Lignocellulose is an abundant renewable energy source in crop straws. Lignocellulose is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash. The cellulose is not only encapsulated by lignin and hemicellulose, but also has a very stable structure and is not easily degraded in the natural environment. Lignocellulose has a high degree of crystallinity and polymerization, if the crop straw is directly used for biogas production, there are some problems such as slow start, low efficiency, and low conversion and utilization may occur. Therefore, straw raw materials must be pretreated to destroy the crystallinity of cellulose and reduce the degree of polymerization, remove the covering effect of lignin and hemicellulose, increase the hydrolysis rate of cellulose and the gas production of biogas before the biogas fermentation. In order to improve the anaerobic digestion performance of corn straw and reduce the treatment cost, this study used alkaline treatment, acid treatment and biogas slurry treatment to pretreat corn straw, and studied the effects of different pretreatment methods on cellulose content and anaerobic digestion rate. The results showed that the degradation rate of lignin and hemicellulose in alkaline treatment were much higher than that in the acid treatment and the biogas slurry treatment, and the weight loss rate was lower, and the cellulose composition was well preserved. Because of the biogas yield and methane yield were the highest in all treatment groups, the alkali treatment with the best pretreatment effect was selected for the subsequent process optimization experiment. Based on Box-Behnken Design (BBD) test design, the quality percentage of alkali treatment, pretreatment temperature and pretreatment time were selected as the test factors. Combined with the results of single factor test, the response surface analysis method of three factors and three levels was designed, and the response surface methodology was used to establish the process mathematical model with the response value of biogas cumulative yield and reducing sugar yield as the response value. The results showed that the optimum pretreatment conditions of corn straw were: the solid-solid ratio was 22.4%, the pretreatment temperature was 37.9℃, and the pretreatment time was 39.7 h. Under this condition, the experimental value of reducing sugar yield was 738.6 mg/g, and the cumulative biogas production value was 661 mL/g. The difference between the test value and the predicted value was less than 0.5%, which proved the accuracy and feasibility of the response surface optimization method. Compared with other pretreatment methods, alkali pretreatment had advantages in improving the conversion rate of straw, increasing the gas production rate and reducing the cost. The pretreatment of straw biogas project should not only consider the increase of gas production rate, but also the subsequent treatment of biogas slurry. The alkaline pretreatment could neutralize various acidic products during the anaerobic fermentation process, and could also prevent the decrease of pH value during subsequent acidification. Alkaline pretreatment was a good additive to prevent acidification of fermentation broth. Alkali pretreatment is an ideal method for biogas fermentation of corn straw in the future.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Acidification - Alkalinity - Biogas - Cellulose - Cost reduction - Crops - Crystallinity - Degradation - Fermentation - Lignin - Optimization - Polymerization - Process control - Renewable energy resources - Straw - Surface analysis - Surface properties - Surface testing
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation process - Degree of polymerization - Pre-Treatment - Pretreatment temperature - Renewable energy source - Response surface analysis methods - Response surface methodology - Response surface optimization
Classification code:525.1 Energy Resources and Renewable Energy Issues - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 815.2 Polymerization - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.2 Food Processing Operations - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.24e+01%, Percentage 5.00e-01%, Specific_Volume 6.61e-01m3/kg, Time 1.43e+05s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.032
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 13>
Accession number:20191206653309
Title:Optimization of key working parameters of belt separator for peanut seeds
Authors:Wang, Jiannan (1); Liu, Minji (1); Hu, Zhichao (1); Xie, Huanxiong (1); Peng, Baoliang (1); Yan, Jianchun (1); Chen, Youqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing; 210014, China
Corresponding author:Xie, Huanxiong(nfzhongzi@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:33-41
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The qualified rate and the entrainment rate was caused by the unreasonable working parameters of the key working parameters of the belt separator for peanut seeds, in order to make them to be a reasonable level, the central composite experiments were conducted to optimize the working parameters. Firstly, the physical properties of peanut seeds were studied, and the study object was "Huayu 33" planted widely in Shandong province. The shape of "Huayu 33" peanut seeds was oval, the thousand seeds weight of which was 812.10 g, the length, width and thickness were mainly at 16.23-19.17, 8.07-10.37, 7.17-8.36 mm, respectively. The moisture content of peanut seeds was 9.3%. The rolling friction angle of high quality peanut seeds was 14.3°, and the angle of static friction angle of crushed half seeds was 35.7°, which were tested by inclined surface device. The effects of key working parameters of peanut seed belt separator, including longitudinal angle, heeling angle, velocity of canvas belt on qualified rate and entrainment rate, were analyzed. And then the composite experiment methods of quadratic orthogonal rotation were adopted, the data were analyzed based on the design-expert software, the mathematical regression models of qualified rate and entrainment rate were built, and their corresponding variance analysis were conducted too. A regression equation of the relationship between variation coefficient of the 3 key working parameters was obtained. Analysis of variance showed that the velocity of canvas belt was the biggest factor that affects the qualified rate and entrainment rate, and the smallest impact factor was the distance between rotary and stationary plate; regarding to the breakage rate, the biggest factor was working face width of stationary plate, and the smallest factor was heeling angle. The response surface method was utilized to analyze the effects of factors' interaction on qualified rate and entrainment rate, and the multi-objective optimizations were conducted for the regression models to obtain the working parameters of high qualified rate and low entrainment rate. The optimal combination working parameters of peanut seed belt separator were as follows: velocity of canvas belt was 0.7 m/s, longitudinal angle was 23.22°, and heeling angle was 25.21°. All of those were obtained by the optimization solution of all factors with the quadratic regression model equation of performance evaluation indices in the range of experimental parameters constraints. Under the condition of the optimal combination working parameters, the qualified rate and the entrainment rate were 97.20% and 2.73%, respectively, which met the premium grade of belt separator according national standard and the need of peanut seeds processing industry. The results of verification test were highly consistent with the results of optimization solution. The production verification test was conducted on the peanut seed production line in the factory, the working parameters of belt separator were adjusted according to the optimization results in the test. Through optimizing the parameters of the belt separator, the qualified rate was greatly improved, and the qualified rate and entrainment rate were 95.8% and 3.9% respectively, which were very close to the previous simulation results. The results of optimization are helpful for the improvement of belt separator for peanut seeds.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Oilseeds
Controlled terms:Agricultural machinery - Crops - Multiobjective optimization - Optimization - Physical properties - Regression analysis - Separators - Stiction - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Experimental parameters - Key components - Peanut seeds - Performance evaluation index - Quadratic orthogonal rotation - Response surface method - Response surface methodology - Working parameters
Classification code:821.1 Agricultural Machinery and Equipment - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Numerical data indexing:Mass 8.12e-01kg, Percentage 2.73e+00%, Percentage 3.90e+00%, Percentage 9.30e+00%, Percentage 9.58e+01%, Percentage 9.72e+01%, Size 7.17e-03m to 8.36e-03m, Velocity 7.00e-01m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.004
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 14>
Accession number:20191206653338
Title:Effect of charcoal content on properties of charcoal/polypropylene composites
Authors:Zhang, Qingfa (1, 2); Cai, Hongzhen (1, 2); Zhou, Liang (1, 2); Zhang, Jibing (3); Yi, Weiming (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo; 255000, China; (2) Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo; 255000, China; (3) Anhui Aile Door and Window System Engineering Co., Ltd., Suzhou; 234000, China
Corresponding author:Yi, Weiming(yiweiming@sdut.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:254-259
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a green and environmental material, wood plastic composite is widely used in indoor and outdoor decoration, transportation, automobile and other fields for its low cost and good strength. However, there are a large number of hydrophilic polar groups on the surface of natural fiber materials, and the thermoplastic is non-polar, which creates a large number of voids in the material, making the mechanical properties of the material worse. Charcoal is produced from pyrolysis and carbonization of wood at high temperature. The polar groups on the wood surface are damaged by high temperature and the polarity is weakened, which make it easier to be compatible with thermoplastics. In this paper, charcoal/polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by twin-screw extruder using charcoal and PP as the main raw materials. The properties of the composites were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), electronic universal testing machine, dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer (DMA) and field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results showed that: 1) the composites had obvious peaks at 14°/17°/18°and 27° which corresponded to the crystal plane (110) (040) (130) (002), showing α -crystalline form, respectively, and this was consistent with pure PP. The peak strength of each sample decreased with the increase of carbon content, this indicated that the increase of charcoal content had little effect on the microcrystalline structure of the composite, but it would decrease the diffraction peak strength of the composite. 2) after the addition of charcoal, the melting temperature of the composite did not changed, but the crystallization temperature of the composite increased and the strength of the crystallization peak gradually decreased. This indicated that the addition of charcoal was beneficial to exothermic crystallization of composites and improved the thermal stability of composites. 3) when the charcoal content was 20%, the tensile strength of the charcoal/PP composite was low, which was only 12 MPa, when the content of charcoal was 60%, the tensile strength of the composite was about 25.47 MPa, which was the maximum value, as the increase of charcoal content to 80%, the tensile strength of the composite decreased to 7 MPa significantly. On the one hand, the lower amount of PP could not bind charcoal particles together effectively, forming a large number of agglomerations in PP, and the bonding interface of the composite was severely damaged, the stress concentration of the composites was easy to occur under the action of external forces. On the other hand, PP chain contains -CH3, and the three-dimensional resistance of the polymer chain is greater than PE, which is not conducive to the internal rotation of the polymer chain, increasing the rigidity of the chain and reducing the flexibility of the chain, This is why the tensile strength of composites is low. This indicated that the composites with better tensile strength could be obtained by adding proper amount of charcoal. 3) when the temperature was low, the storage modulus of the composite was larger, but with the increase of the temperature, the storage modulus of the composite decreased continuously. with the increase of charcoal content, the storage modulus of charcoal/PP composites increased and the loss factor of composites decreased. This indicated that the increase of temperature would have an adverse effect on the storage modulus of composites, but the increase of charcoal content could help to improve the rigidity of composites. 4) the SEM images showed that the microstructure of charcoal was porous structure, so the microstructure of charcoal/PP composites was different from that of wood-plastic composites. PP filled the gullies and pores of the charcoal, and effectively acted as the binder between the charcoal particles inside the composites, which formed a compact interlocking structure.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Charcoal
Controlled terms:Carbonization - Composite materials - Differential scanning calorimetry - Elastic moduli - Mechanical properties - Microstructure - Polypropylenes - Reinforced plastics - Rigidity - Scanning electron microscopy - Storage (materials) - Tensile strength - Thermodynamic stability - Wood products
Uncontrolled terms:Crystallization temperature - Differential scanning calorimeters - Environmental materials - Exothermic crystallization - Field emission scanning electron microscopes - Microcrystalline structures - Thermal mechanical analyzers - Universal testing machines
Classification code:524 Solid Fuels - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 694.4 Storage - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.2 Wood and Wood Products - 815.1.1 Organic Polymers - 817.1 Polymer Products - 944.6 Temperature Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.00e+01%, Percentage 6.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Pressure 1.20e+07Pa, Pressure 2.55e+07Pa, Pressure 7.00e+06Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.033
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 15>
Accession number:20191206653327
Title:Study on emission characteristics of ammonia from anaerobic digesters in industrial pig farm
Authors:Liu, Bo (1); Liu, Xiao (1); Han, Yujie (1); Du, Wei (2); Gao, Yan (1); Zeng, Jieliang (1); Guan, Lei (1); Tong, Yi (1); Fan, Junqi (1); Yang, Yue (1); Li, Wenjing (2); He, Fei (2); Wang, Wenlin (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geography Science, Nantong University, Nantong; 226007, China; (2) Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing; 210042, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Wenlin(wangwenlin_jjl@126.con)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:179-185
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The problem of environmental pollution caused by large-scale development of livestock and poultry breeding is increasingly prominent in China, which has large amount of livestock and poultry. It is predicted that the fecal production of livestock and poultry in China will reach 42.44 billion ton in 2020, and the fecal pollution ranks first among the agricultural sources. Greenhouse gases and odorous odors released by livestock manure are important sources of air pollutants, and ammonia is one of the main gases released by livestock and poultry manure. Ammonia is not only a threat to the health of surrounding population of livestock and poultry farms, but also an important part of the atmospheric acid deposition which can lead to soil acidification and eutrophication, and further can become a serious threat to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is a great significance to carry out a study on the characteristics of ammonia emissions from typical large-scale pig farms, clarify the current situation of ammonia emissions from typical agricultural sources, which can provide the foundation for controlling the atmospheric particulate matter pollution and improving regional air quality. Biogas produced by anaerobic fermentation is a common method for treatment of fecal pollution in large-scale livestock and poultry farms. The process can not only generate clean energy and reduce fecal stench, but also recycle nutrients in the form of fertilizer. Therefore, the treatment model centering on large-scale biogas project has developed rapidly. At present, there is still a lack of in-situ monitoring and research on ammonia discharge at the node of the typical fecal treatment process, and there is still a lack of systematic research on the impact of the anaerobic fermentation biogas production facility on the release of pig fecal ammonia. A typical methane project of large-scale pig farms in Yangtze river delta was used as the research object. Ammonia emission was synchronous monitored for 3 consecutive days in each emission node of the biogas engineering facilities (cesspool, regulating pond and biogas tank). The results showed that the average daily emission rate of ammonia in cesspool, regulating pond and biogas tank respectively was 1.48, 3.08 and 1.47 g/(d•m<sup>2</sup>). The ammonia emission of each node had an obvious daily change process, this process was generally manifested as the fluctuant increase of ammonia emission in the morning, decrease in the afternoon and keep the low-value emission at night. The cesspool and regulating pond in the turnover period of fecal pollution appeared daily emission peak; the ammonia emission rates of the cesspool, regulating pond and biogas tank were positively correlated with the temperature in stable stage, while was negatively correlated with the humidity. The daily ammonia emissions of cesspool, regulating pond and biogas tank were 13.44, 38.72 and 5 275.4 g/d, respectively. This study selected typical large-scale pig farms of anaerobic fermentation biogas production facilities and constructed the field monitoring technology method to measure each discharge ammonia concentration of treatment facilities node. By calculating the excreta ammonia emission rate of each emission node, the characteristics of ammonia emission of each emission node were analyzed, and the main influencing factors of ammonia emission were identified. The results provide a reference for the calculation of ammonia emissions from livestock and poultry breeding in the region and the formulation of ammonia emission reduction measures.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Ammonia
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air quality - Atmospheric humidity - Biogas - Emission control - Eutrophication - Facilities - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Greenhouse gases - Health risks - Lakes - Mammals - Manures - Particulate emissions - Quality control - River pollution - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Atmospheric particulate matter - Ecological environments - Emission characteristics - Environmental pollutions - Large-scale development - Pig farms - Yangtze river delta
Classification code:443.1 Atmospheric Properties - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 453 Water Pollution - 461.7 Health Care - 619.2 Tanks - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.022
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 16>
Accession number:20191206653317
Title:Real-time precise irrigation scheduling and control system in solar greenhouse based on ET and water balance
Authors:Gu, Zhe (1); Yuan, Shouqi (1); Qi, Zhiming (2); Wang, Xinkun (1); Cai, Bin (1); Zheng, Zhen (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal; H9X 3V9, Canada
Corresponding author:Yuan, Shouqi(shouqiy@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:101-108
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:China is experiencing critical water scarce in agricultural production, and to improve irrigation water use efficiency has been the priority of agriculture development for years. Real-time irrigation scheduling, as well as its integration with irrigation control system, should be paid more attention other than the solely use of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems to improve irrigation water use efficiency in Chinese irrigation community. The evapotranspiration(ET) and water balance (ET-WB) method was applied in this paper to schedule irrigations in a solar greenhouse for cherry tomato in Jurong City in Jiangsu Province. A modified reference ET equation for solar greenhouse was used, and FAO56 suggested initial parameters were referenced to calculate crop evapotranspiration (ET<inf>c</inf>). Irrigations were triggered in a daily scale when accumulated crop evapotranspiration exceeded readily available water (RAW) across the root depth, which was defined by management allowable depletion (MAD) suggested by Huffman et al.(2013). Then an irrigation event was applied to replenish the soil to field capacity. A user-friendly irrigation scheduling software, namely ETSch, was developed using Java on a laptop, to facilitate managers with calculations involved in ET-WB method. The ETSch calculated ET using meteorological data measured from a field station in greenhouse, and outputed the accumulated ET<inf>c</inf> and RAW, as well as the irrigation decision on that day. Once an irrigation was triggered, ETSch would send a control signal through a serial connection to the irrigation control system, which was designed using a single-chip microcomputer (SCM) MSP430F169. The SCM system controlled the irrigation amount of the drip irrigation system arranged for each irrigation treatment. Once received an irrigation command, the SCM system would open the corresponding valves and read the flow from a flowmeter. The total water amount would be calculated in the SCM through an integration of flow and stops irrigation when it reached the scheduled amount. Both hardware and software of the SCM control system were detailly designed and developed. The experiment result showed that the irrigation control system worked well after flow correction, with an average error of only 1.1% between set and actual irrigation amount. The scheduled irrigations avoided the occurrence of over-high or low soil water content, and maintained crop water requirement over the crop season, though with an averagely 9.1% underestimate of soil moisture. The estimated soil moisture under ET-WB method showed a consistent change with measured values generally, which proved the efficiency of the developed irrigation scheduling and control system. The underestimate of soil moisture would probably be caused by the error of soil property settings and lateral flow from outside greenhouse with much rainfall. To conclude, a real-time precise irrigation scheduling and control system was developed for greenhouse planted cherry tomato based on ET-WB method, including a laptop-based scheduling software and an SCM-based precise controller. The framework of irrigation scheduling and control system could be an example of further smart irrigation systems, and the data collected could be used for agricultural models calibration and benefit the improvement of irrigation scheduling efficiency. To improve the feasibility of such real-time precise irrigation scheduling and control system for field-scale applications, remote connections should be built for data collection system, irrigation scheduling system and irrigation control system.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Sprinkler systems (irrigation)
Controlled terms:Computer software - Control engineering - Control systems - Crops - Efficiency - Evapotranspiration - Fruits - Greenhouses - Irrigation - Laptop computers - Meteorology - Real time systems - Scheduling - Soil moisture - Solar heating - Subirrigation - Water content - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - Crop water requirements - Irrigation controls - Irrigation scheduling - Irrigation water use efficiency - Real time - Single-Chip Microcomputer (SCM) - Water balance
Classification code:446.1 Water Supply Systems - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 657.1 Solar Energy and Phenomena - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 731.1 Control Systems - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.10e+00%, Percentage 9.10e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.012
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 17>
Accession number:20191206653325
Title:Immobilization effect of Pb and Cd during composting of pig manure by combination of biochar and microbial agent
Authors:Li, Ran (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Zhao, Lixin (1, 2); Zhou, Haibin (1, 2); Zhang, Xi (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Shen, Yujun(shenyj09b@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:164-169
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Heavy metals residual in pig manure compost causes potential risk on the soil and food security. The essence of the composting process is the process of microbial fermentation. The addition of biochar can change the living conditions of microorganisms in the addition system, and may directly or indirectly affect the population changes of functional microorganisms, thus affecting the migration of heavy metals. Therefore, this study used biochar and composite microbial bacteria agent as immobilization materials. Three kinds of biochar, which were peanut shell biochar, wood biochar, and corn stalk biochar, and composite microbial agents were added with different proportions during pig manure composting to investigate their immobilization effect of Pb and Cd. The results showed that all 9 treatments met the requirement of harmless treatment, while the temperature maintained above 50℃ for over 2 days, high temperature (over 50℃) maintain time was 20, 9, 12, 13, 8, 12, 14, 12, 17 d, and the seed germination index reached 80%-85%. Different proportion of biochar had significant influence on temperature change during composting. The immobilization effect of three factors on heavy metal Cd reached a significant level (P<0.05), and the largest contribution rate was the proportion of biochar. There are linear correlation between heavy metal Pb, Cd immobilization effect and the average pH value, the average temperature during the composting and the organic matter degradation rate of the compost. The immobilization effect of Pb showed a significant positive correlation with the average pH value and average temperature during composting (P<0.05); and the immobilization effect of Cd was significant positive correlated with the average pH value (P<0.05) and degradation rate of organic matter (P<0.01). In the course of compost, the content of protein and polysaccharide content in water-soluble organic substances in the compost sample was significantly reduced, and the content of carboxyl group and aromatic family was increased, which indicated that the composting process was a process of gradually synthesizing macromolecular substances such as organic substances and so on, which can affect the conversion of heavy metals from the highly reactive form into lower activity form. The optimal treatment of Pb immobilization effect was 24% peanut shell biochar and 1% fungus agent in this study, and the exchangeable distribution rate decreased by 16.32% compared with raw materials before compost, and the immobilization effect was 74.60%. Analysis of variance showed that the immobilization effect of biochar ratio on Pb was extremely significant, and the contribution rate was the largest. The optimal treatment for the immobilization effect of Cd was 24% sawdust charcoal and 1.5% bacteria agent. Compared with raw materials before compost, the immobilization effect of exchangeable Cd decreased by 7.96%, and the immobilization effect was 58.13%.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:21
Main heading:pH effects
Controlled terms:Bacteria - Biogeochemistry - Biological materials - Biosynthesis - Charcoal - Chemical contamination - Composting - Curricula - Degradation - Fertilizers - Food supply - Heavy metals - Macromolecules - Mammals - Manures - Oilseeds - Organic compounds - Radioactive waste vitrification
Uncontrolled terms:Bio chars - Different proportions - Immobilization effects - Microbial fermentation - Organic matter degradations - Polysaccharide contents - Positive correlations - Temperature changes
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 524 Solid Fuels - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 815.1 Polymeric Materials - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 822.3 Food Products - 901.2 Education
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.00e+01% to 8.50e+01%, Age 5.48e-03yr, Percentage 1.00e+00%, Percentage 1.50e+00%, Percentage 1.63e+01%, Percentage 2.40e+01%, Percentage 5.81e+01%, Percentage 7.46e+01%, Percentage 7.96e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.020
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 18>
Accession number:20191206653343
Title:Effect of CaCl<inf>2</inf> and pH value on demulsification of emulsion from enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of soybean oil
Authors:Wu, Haibo (1); Jiang, Lianzhou (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Food Engineering, Qinzhou University, Qinzhou; 535011, China; (2) College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin; 150030, China
Corresponding author:Jiang, Lianzhou(lzjname@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:299-306
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore the demulsification mechanism of emulsion recovered from crude enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of extruded full fat soybean flour, the effect of salt and pH value on the emulsion stability was investigated respectively by demulsification rate, Zeta potential, apparent viscosity, particle size distribution and mean oil particle size. For evaluating the efficiency of salt demulsifying the emulsion, CaSO<inf>4</inf>, CaCl<inf>2</inf>, MgCl<inf>2</inf>, NaCl were separately added into the emulsion at concentration 0.06 mol/L, reaction time 10 min, and temperature 80℃. The experiment results showed 4 salts significantly destabilized the emulsion, but the highest free oil yield was recoveried from the emulsion added with CaCl<inf>2</inf>, followed by CaSO<inf>4</inf>, MgCl<inf>2,</inf> NaCl. Although the emulsion added with CaCl<inf>2</inf> was completely broken (100% free oil recovery) at 60, 70, 80℃ respectively, demulsification effect was impacted by CaCl<inf>2</inf> concentration, reaction time, reaction temperature. Demulsification rate progressively rose with CaCl<inf>2</inf> concentrations increasing from 0.02 to 0.08 mol/L, reaction times from 0 to 90 min, reaction temperatures from 60 to 80℃. However, demulsification rate decreased with the increase of reaction time after the emulsion was completely broken. As Ca<sup>2+</sup> neutralised the negative charge of the protein during heating, apparent viscosity and the absolute value of Zeta potential of the emulsion added with CaCl<inf>2</inf> declined significantly compared with the control (without CaCl<inf>2</inf> addition), which induced oil droplets aggregate and mean oil droplet size increase so that the stability of the emulsion decreased. Due to the greater screening effect of the higher Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and reaction temperature on the negatively charged groups of proteins, the increase of CaCl<inf>2</inf> concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.08 mol/L and reaction temperatures from 60 to 80℃ further reduced the absolute value of Zeta potential and apparent viscosity of the emulsion, and promoted the oil droplets aggregation. This resulted the higher free oil recovery. With pH value decreasing from 9 to 3 at 50℃, the absolute value of Zeta potential and apparent viscosity of the emulsion declined significantly, the average oil particle size increased so that the stability of the emulsion reduced, and the free oil recovery increased. Specially, the stability of the emulsion was the lowest and free oil recovery achieved the highest (100% free oil recovery) at pH value 3-4 because the absolute value of Zeta potential reached the lowest level (closed to 0), which meant the electrostatic repulsion forces between protein molecules of the emulsion nearly disappeared. When pH value dropped below 3, however, the absolute value of Zeta potential and apparent viscosity of the emulsion increased again so that the mean oil droplet size and demulsification rate decreased. Light micrographs showed that there were significant differences in the microstructure and oil recovery of the emulsion before and after demulsification. Oil drop diameter of the emulsion apparently enlarged, and more free oil was released after demulsification and centrifugation. This research can provide the theory foundation of destabilization strategies for the emulsion formed during enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing of soy oil.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:39
Main heading:Sulfur compounds
Controlled terms:Convergence of numerical methods - Demulsification - Drops - Emulsification - Emulsions - Enzymes - Extraction - Hydrolysis - Magnesium compounds - Particle size - Particle size analysis - pH effects - Sodium chloride - Soybean oil - Stability - Viscosity - Zeta potential
Uncontrolled terms:Apparent viscosity - Electrostatic repulsion forces - Emulsion stability - Enzyme-assisted aqueous extractions - Light micrographs - Negatively charged - Protein molecules - Reaction temperature
Classification code:631.1 Fluid Flow, General - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.3 Colloid Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 921.6 Numerical Methods - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Molar_Concentration 2.00e+01mol/m3 to 8.00e+01mol/m3, Molar_Concentration 6.00e+01mol/m3, Percentage 1.00e+02%, Time 0.00e+00s to 5.40e+03s, Time 6.00e+02s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.038
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 19>
Accession number:20191206653307
Title:Design and optimization of inclined helical ditching component for mountain orchard ditcher
Authors:Wang, Shaowei (1, 2, 3); Li, Shanjun (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Yanlin (1, 2, 3); Zhang, Chi (1, 2, 3); Chen, Hong (1, 2, 3); Meng, Liang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) China Agriculture (Citrus) Research System, Wuhan; 430070, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shanjun(shanjunlee@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:11-22
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:There is very few efficient ditchers for ditching in mountain orchard, and the ditchers using now generally waste a lot of power and can't work steadily. To solve these problems, inclined helical ditching component was designed and optimized in this paper. As the key components, helical blade, ditching blades and inserting blade were designed innovatively. Curve of helical blade was conical spiral with equal inclination and variable pitch type, and helix angle of helical blade was 30°. The 3 kinds of ditching blades designed were straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade, the edge angle was 30°, the installation angle was 10°, the bending angle was 45°and the cutting angle was 40°. Edge curve of curved blade was sinusoidal exponent curve and its initial sliding cutting angle was 65°, and the ratio of slip angle increment to polar angle was -0.1. The edge of toothed blade consists of many continuous teeth, its width was 8 mm, back height was 6 mm. general length was 10.4 mm, front end circle radius was 3 mm. Inserting blade was the plane triangle type. Experiments to find 3 kinds of blades' differences and to simulate trenching process were carried out, and influence of ditching parameters on the ditching power consumption was also inspected. Experimental results showed that the ditching power consumption of curved blade and toothed blade were lower and similar, but that of straight blade was higher, when the trench depth was 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 mm, the ditching power consumption of straight blade was 19.28%, 10.60%, 17.54%, 14.04%, 9.60% higher than that of curved blade respectively, and 19.62%, 12.24%, 18.26%, 16.13%, 9.88% higher than that of toothed blade respectively. The ditch depth stability coefficient had little difference, the average ditch depth stability coefficients of straight blade, curved blade and toothed blade were 89.40%, 89.72% and 90.06%.respectivly, the ditch depth stability coefficient of the toothed blade was 0.38% higher than that of curved blade and 0.74% higher than that of straight blade. In terms of ditching power consumption and ditch depth stability coefficient, the number of tooth shaped knives was optimal. Simulation optimization model about toothed blade was established based on response surface analysis method and EDEM software. The optimization results showed that influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of bending angle > edge angle > installation angle > multiple of original tooth, the optimal parameters combination for toothed blade was that installation angle was 4.5°, bending angle was 49°, blade angle was 21°, multiple of original tooth was 1.25, and in this case ditching power consumption was 9.73 kW. The influence on ditching power consumption was in the order of ditch depth > forward speed > ditching speed. When ditching speed was 566 r/min, ditching power consumption power was minimum. and ditching power consumption decreased by 12.80%, groove deep stability coefficient increased by 1.18% compared with before optimiztion,. Compared with the existing ditching machine, the power consumption of this paper reduced by 22.22%, and the gully depth stability improved by 7.2%-8.5%. The research results can provide references for structural design and improvement of ditching component.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:36
Main heading:Electric power utilization
Controlled terms:Computer software - Landforms - Machinery - Mechanization - Optimization - Orchards - Stability - Structural design - Surface analysis
Uncontrolled terms:Design and optimization - Ditcher - Helical ditching - Installation angle - Response surface analysis methods - Simulation-optimization models - Sliding cutting angles - Stability coefficient
Classification code:408.1 Structural Design, General - 481.1 Geology - 601 Mechanical Design - 706.1 Electric Power Systems - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 921.5 Optimization Techniques - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.06e+01%, Percentage 1.18e+00%, Percentage 1.22e+01%, Percentage 1.28e+01%, Percentage 1.40e+01%, Percentage 1.61e+01%, Percentage 1.75e+01%, Percentage 1.83e+01%, Percentage 1.93e+01%, Percentage 1.96e+01%, Percentage 2.22e+01%, Percentage 3.80e-01%, Percentage 7.20e+00% to 8.50e+00%, Percentage 7.40e-01%, Percentage 8.94e+01%, Percentage 8.97e+01%, Percentage 9.01e+01%, Percentage 9.60e+00%, Percentage 9.88e+00%, Power 9.73e+03W, Rotational_Speed 5.66e+02RPM, Size 1.04e-02m, Size 3.00e-01m, Size 3.00e-03m, Size 3.50e-01m, Size 6.00e-03m, Size 8.00e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.002
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 20>
Accession number:20191206653329
Title:Study on photocatalytic degradation and reaction kinetics of tetracycline antibiotics in biogas slurry
Authors:Wang, Panpan (1); Yuan, Qiaoxia (1); Zhou, Wenbing (2)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China; (2) Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Engineering Research, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan; 430070, China
Corresponding author:Yuan, Qiaoxia(qxyuan@mail.hzau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:193-198
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:As a bactericidal drug, antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry to prevent animal diseases and treat sick animals. With the rapid development of Chinese livestock and poultry breeding industry, the use of veterinary antibiotics continues to increase. In 2013, the annual use of antibiotics in China was about 162 000 t, of which 52% was used for livestock. The production and the actual usage of tetracycline antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding industry of the world are the largest than other antibiotics. A large number of antibiotics are difficult to be absorbed and metabolized completely in animals, then they will be excreted and stay in biogas slurry during anaerobic digestion. High concentrations of antibiotics in biogas slurry may cause some microorganisms produce resistance genes and won't be degraded into the environment, and these resistance genes can transmit, it may make some pathogenic bacteria resist drugs, which in turn poses a great threat to ecosystems and human health. At present, the main methods of removing antibiotics include photocatalytic degradation, hydrolysis, oxidative degradation, sludge adsorption, and biodegradation. Among them, the photocatalytic degradation technology uses TiO<inf>2</inf> as a photocatalyst, which has the advantages of high catalytic activity, high chemical stability, low cost, and low toxicity product, and has become a promising method for pollutant degradation. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation pathway was used to explore the optimal light source, pH value and the degradation effect of photocatalysis under different initial concentration of tetracyclines antibiotics in biogas slurry, and the degradation kinetics of antibiotics under different initial concentrations and pH value were studied. The results showed that the degradation effects of different light sources on tetracycline antibiotics were: High pressure mercury lamp > ultraviolet disinfection lamp > long arc xenon lamp>dark. After 2 h of high pressure mercury lamp catalysis, the degradation rates of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline reached 91.68%, 85.58% and 81.18%, respectively. The lower the initial mass concentration of the tetracycline antibiotic, the better the photocatalytic effect. When the initial concentration of tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline is 5 mg/L, the degradation rate was up to 94.80%, 88.35% and 95.39%, the reaction rate constant was 1.505 6 h<sup>-1</sup>, and the half-life was 0.431 7 h. There was a significant difference in the degradation rate of tetracycline and chlortetracycline in the initial pH value of biogas slurry (P<0.05). When pH value was 6, the degradation rate of tetracycline was 96.16%, the reaction rate constant was 1.597 1 h<sup>-1</sup>, and the half-life was 0.355 3 h; when pH value was10, the degradation rate of chlortetracycline was 90.47%, the reaction rate constant was 1.084 4 h<sup>-1</sup>, half-life was 0.338 3 h. There was no significant difference in the degradation rate of oxytetracycline between the initial pH value of biogas slurry (P>0.05). When pH value was 10, the average degradation rate of three antibiotics was 89.88%. when the initial pH value of biogas slurry was 10, the concentration of tetracycline antibiotics was 5 mg/L, it is the best to catalytic degradation tetracycline antibiotics using the high-pressure mercury lamp.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:25
Main heading:Photodegradation
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Anaerobic digestion - Animals - Antibiotics - Arc lamps - Bacteria - Biodegradation - Biogas - Catalyst activity - Chemical stability - Degradation - Electric lamps - Enzyme kinetics - Genes - Health risks - High pressure effects - Kinetics - Mercury vapor lamps - pH - Photocatalytic activity - Rate constants - Titanium dioxide
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - High-pressure mercury lamp - Oxytetracyclines (OTC) - Photo catalytic degradation - Photo-catalytic - Photocatalytic degradation pathways - Tetracycline antibiotics - Ultraviolet disinfections
Classification code:461 Bioengineering and Biology - 522 Gas Fuels - 707.2 Electric Lamps - 801 Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 5.00e-03kg/m3, Percentage 5.20e+01%, Percentage 8.12e+01%, Percentage 8.56e+01%, Percentage 8.83e+01%, Percentage 8.99e+01%, Percentage 9.05e+01%, Percentage 9.17e+01%, Percentage 9.48e+01%, Percentage 9.54e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%, Time 7.20e+03s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.024
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 21>
Accession number:20191206653312
Title:Gearbox fault diagnosis based on permutation entropy optimized variational mode decomposition
Authors:Wang, Zhijian (1); Chang, Xue (2); Wang, Junyuan (1); Du, Wenhua (1); Duan, Nengquan (1); Dang, Changying (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan; 030051, China; (2) College of Mechanical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing; 400044, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Zhijian(wangzhijian1013@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:59-66
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Gearbox composite fault diagnosis has received extensive attention. The composite fault is that 2 or more faults occur simultaneously in the mechanical equipment. Due to the different degrees of damage of the composite fault, the complicated transmission path of the fault characteristic signal, and the interference of the background noise, the strength between the fault components is not balance. The weak fault features are usually overwhelmed by strong faults or noise and the strong faults are weakened by the high-frequency energy in the process of transmission, it is easy to be missed or misdiagnosis, especially in the case of variable speed and variable load, the coupling of composite fault features poses great challenge to the healthy and reasonable diagnosis of mechanical equipment. With the development of computer technology, some new novel adaptive noise reduction methods are proposed, including parametric decomposition methods and nonparametric decomposition methods, but they are more or less affected by noise interference and modal aliasing. Variational mode decomposition(VMD) decompose a complex signal into several different time scales, and each time scale contains a center frequency, which can overcome the modal aliasing phenomenon, variational mode decomposition is widely applied to gearbox composite fault diagnosis, and has achieved amazing results, but it needs to preset the decomposition layers k and penalty factor, and is sensitive to the background noise. In order to adaptively determine the number of decomposition layers k, this paper proposed permutation entropy optimization algorithm, which can adaptively determine the number of decomposition layers k according to the characteristics of the signal to be decomposed. In order to solve the sensitivity of VMD to noise, this paper proposed modified variational mode decomposition(MVMD) based on the idea of noise aided data analysis. The algorithm first added the opposite gauss white noise to the original signal, and then used VMD to decompose it. After repeated cycles, the noise in the original signal would offset each other, then the ensemble average is generated for each IMF(intrinsic mode function) in each cycle, and the signal was reconstructed according to the result of ensemble mean. The VMD decomposition of the reconstructed signal was taken as the final output result of MVMD. This algorithm was used to process the gear box simulation signal and the measured signal with multiple fault features respectively, and the decomposition results showed that the algorithm can not only improve the signal to noise ratio(SNR) of the signal effectively, but also successfully extract the multiple fault features of the gear box in the strong noise environment, the fault frequencies of 160 and 360 Hz were extracted respectively which correspond to the bearing outer ring frequency and the gear meshing frequency. This method provides a new idea for gearbox composite fault diagnosis, it can not only overcome the interference of strong noise, but also accurately extract fault characteristics. In the future work, the research group will introduces the intelligent algorithm into the variational mode decomposition to determine the number of layers decomposed adaptively, at the same time, the combination of variational mode decomposition and support vector machine or neural network can improve the efficiency of intelligent fault diagnosis, this is a new idea for the healthy operation of agricultural machinery.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:26
Main heading:Fault detection
Controlled terms:Algorithms - Entropy - Failure analysis - Gears - Signal reconstruction - Signal to noise ratio - White noise
Uncontrolled terms:Intelligent Algorithms - Intelligent fault diagnosis - Intrinsic Mode functions - Modal decomposition - Multi faults - Noises - Parametric decomposition - Permutation entropy
Classification code:601.2 Machine Components - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing
Numerical data indexing:Frequency 1.60e+02Hz, Frequency 3.60e+02Hz
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.007
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 22>
Accession number:20191206653320
Title:Study on freezing strength characteristics and formation mechanism of frozen soil-concrete interface
Authors:He, Pengfei (1, 2, 4); Ma, Wei (1); Mu, Yanhu (1); Dong, Jianhua (3); Huang, Yongting (1, 4)
Author affiliation:(1) State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou; 730000, China; (2) School of Science, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (3) School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou; 730050, China; (4) University of Chinese Academy of Science, School of Engineering Science, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Ma, Wei(mawei@lzb.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:127-133
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The mechanical properties of frozen soil-concrete interface have a significant impact on lining stability and long-term service ability of water conservation projects and other infrastructures in cold regions. To investigate characteristic and development mechanism of freezing strength of frozen soil-concrete interface, a series of direct shear tests were conducted on frozen soil-concrete interface under various testing temperatures (-1, -3 and -5℃), initial water contents (9.2, 13.1, 17.1 and 20.8%) and normal stresses (50, 100, 200 and 300 kPa). The freezing strength of the frozen soil-concrete interface was divided into two parts, the residual strength and the ice cementing strength. Using the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory, the freezing strength development at the frozen soil-concrete interface was interpreted. Then, cohesion and friction coefficient at the interface of peak strength and residual strength were analyzed. The test results showed that the frozen soil-concrete interface with testing temperature of -5℃ performs as strain softening behavior during the shearing. After reaching a peak shear stress, further horizontal displacement increase resulted in post-peak strain softening, causing a reduction in shear stress from peak to residual states. When the testing temperature is -1℃, the frozen soil-concrete interfaces with water content of 9.2 and 13.1% showed weak softening behavior. While with water content of 17.1 and 20.8%, the interfaces showed strain hardening behavior. The freezing strength of the frozen soil-concrete interface was affected by the initial water content. The larger the initial water content was, the greater freezing strength of the interface was. This was related to cementing ice increase at the interface with increasing water content. For example, when the testing temperature was -5℃, the freezing strength increased from 113 to 399.5 kPa with the initial water content increasing from 9.2% to 20.8%. The ice cementing strength at the interface also increased with testing temperature decreasing. It increased from 4.4 to 111.1 kPa with the testing temperature decreasing from -1 to -5℃ when the initial water content was 13.1% and the normal stress was 100 kPa. With the increase in normal stress, the residual strength of the frozen soil-concrete interface increased. When the initial water content was 20.8% and the testing temperature is -5℃, the residual strength of the interface increased from 34 to 177 kPa with the normal stress increasing from 50 to 300 kPa. The testing temperature had no obvious influence on the friction coefficient and the cohesion of residual strength. Because the residual strength mainly came from interfacial friction, and the interfacial friction hardly depended on the testing temperature. When the initial water content was 13.1%, the cohesion of residual strength increased from 9.13 to 34.34 kPa and the friction coefficient of residual strength fluctuated between 0.49 and 0.63 with the testing temperature decreasing from -1 to -5℃. Relationship between the shear strength and the normal stress followed the Mohr-Coulomb law. A newly formula that describes relationship among the ice cementing strength, the testing temperature and the normal stress was established finally.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Soil testing
Controlled terms:Cementing (shafts) - Concrete testing - Concretes - Freezing - Friction - Frozen soils - Ice - Interfaces (materials) - Mechanical properties - Shear stress - Soil conservation - Strain hardening - Stresses - Temperature - Water conservation
Uncontrolled terms:Cohesion - Fiction coefficient - Horizontal displacements - Initial water contents - Mohr Coulomb strength theory - Soil-concrete interfaces - Strain hardening behavior - Strength characteristics
Classification code:412 Concrete - 444 Water Resources - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 537.1 Heat Treatment Processes - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.31e+01%, Percentage 1.71e+01%, Percentage 2.08e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00% to 2.08e+01%, Percentage 9.20e+00%, Pressure 1.00e+05Pa, Pressure 1.13e+05Pa to 4.00e+05Pa, Pressure 2.00e+05Pa, Pressure 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 3.40e+04Pa to 1.77e+05Pa, Pressure 4.40e+03Pa to 1.11e+05Pa, Pressure 5.00e+04Pa to 3.00e+05Pa, Pressure 9.13e+03Pa to 3.43e+04Pa
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.015
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 23>
Accession number:20191206653313
Title:Statistical distribution modeling and two-step parameter identification of vehicle bridge displacement spectrum
Authors:Liu, Qiaobin (1); Shi, Wenku (1); Chen, Zhiyong (1); Shang, Guoxu (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Automotive Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Automobile Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun; 130022, China
Corresponding author:Chen, Zhiyong(chen_zy@jlu.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:67-75
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The study of the statistical distribution is the basis for further loading spectrum and fatigue reliability platform test. Normal distribution and weibull distribution are 2 kinds of probability statistical distribution models widely used in reliability engineering. The idea of weighted superposition is used to approximate the actual distribution by so-called mixed model, and it has a strong practical application value, so it has been paid increasing attention by many scholars. The introduction of mixed distribution model brings many challenges in model parameter identification. Finding a simple, efficient and accurate mixed distribution model parameter estimation method has become a focus in the field of reliability research. The traditional reliability model parameter identification methods include graphic method, nonlinear least square method, maximum likelihood estimation and bias estimation, and so on. The main disadvantages of these algorithms are as follows: (1) The calculation efficiency needs to be improved, and the traditional algorithms mostly rely on iterative solution. Requirement to improve the accuracy of parameter estimation distinct increases the time cost. (2) The selection of parameter identification and optimization targets is improper. Most of the existing studies have defined the objective function of parameter identification as the square sum of the model and the measured data, which inevitably ignores the simulation error of the transverse coordinates between the sample points and the simulation points, that only considers the simulation error of the ordinate. (3) The empirical dependence of parameter identification is high, and the initial value of parameter identification has a great influence on the results. However, the intelligent algorithm shows great potential in the problem of parameter identification of the model with multidimensional nonlinearity and uneasy initial value. In view of this, the measured vehicle bridge displacement signal was taken as the research object in this paper, the time domain analysis and frequency domain power spectrum analysis were carried out respectively. In order to further study the statistical law of the displacement signals, the signal was grouped and the frequency was counted, the statistical histogram and the cumulative probability distribution curve were obtained. The normal distribution, mixed normal distribution, weibull distribution and mixed weibull distribution were employed respectively. A novel two-step parameter identification method was proposed, and the grey correlation degree objective function was introduced. The grey correlation coefficient objective function could ensure the maximum geometric similarity between the fitting curve and the original curve. By doing this, the inherent malpractice of the optimization process with the square sum of error as the fitness was overcome to some extent. The proposed parameter estimation method's tep was as following: Firstly, the parameters obtained by the artificial fish swarm algorithm were applied as the initial values of the model parameters. Secondly, the iterative nonlinear least square method, namely, levenberg-marquardt (LM) algorithm was used to identify the parameters accurately. Thirdly, the goodness of fit for each model were calculated by using the kolmogorov-smirnov test index and correlation coefficient. The result showed that the mixed weibull model could be used to describe the tested displacement signal best. The correlation coefficient between the mixed Weibull distribution and the statistical histogram was (0.9800, 0.9908,0.9867,0.9665), whereas, the mixed normal distribution was (0.9793,0.9904,0.9783,0.9661), the weibull model was (0.8613,0.9113,0.8618,0.8854), and the normal model was (0.8611,0.9127,0.8624,0.8869). The proposed two-step parameter identification method combined the advantages of the artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm and the traditional iterative algorithm, and used the artificial fish swarm optimization result as the initial value of the LM algorithm. It solved the problem of the difficulty in selecting the initial value of the nonlinear least square method and improved the efficiency of the parameter identification. This study can provide reference for the fatigue load spectrum and the bench test of off-road vehicles.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:32
Main heading:Parameter estimation
Controlled terms:Communication channels (information theory) - Computational complexity - Curve fitting - Curves (road) - Efficiency - Errors - Fatigue of materials - Frequency domain analysis - Graphic methods - Identification (control systems) - Iterative methods - Least squares approximations - Maximum likelihood estimation - Models - Nonlinear analysis - Normal distribution - Off road vehicles - Reliability - Spectrum analysis - Statistics - Time domain analysis - Weibull distribution
Uncontrolled terms:Artificial fish swarm algorithms - Artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm - Artificial fish swarm optimizations - Bridge displacement - Cumulative probability distribution curves - Grey relation - Nonlinear least square methods - Weibull models
Classification code:406.2 Roads and Streets - 716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 721.1 Computer Theory, Includes Formal Logic, Automata Theory, Switching Theory, Programming Theory - 731.1 Control Systems - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921 Mathematics - 922 Statistical Methods - 951 Materials Science
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.008
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 24>
Accession number:20191206653334
Title:Determination of organic acids and ethanol in fermentation broth by liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography
Authors:Fan, Guifang (1); Li, Peipei (1); Qi, Lisong (1); Li, Shizhong (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Biofuels, Beijing; 100084, China
Corresponding author:Li, Shizhong(szli@tsinghua.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:227-231
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The degradation of cellulose by thermophilic bacteria is a growing trend in the 2nd generation bioethanol. The determination of the contents of ethanol and organic acids in the fermentation broth is of great significance to the control of the fermentation process. A gas chromatographic method for the determination of ethanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid contents in fermentation broth was established, using n-propanol as internal standard. The pH value of the aqueous phase was adjusted to 3 to prevent the dissociation of organic acids. Mixed with internal standard, the compounds were then extracted into the organic phase using ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was injected to the inlet of gas chromatograph. The mass concentration range of the standard curve was 0.050-2.000 g/L, the correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.999 0-0.999 9, the detection limits of analytes in this method were in the range of 10-45 mg/L, the recovery rates at 3 spiking levels were in the range of 80.65%-107.94%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of spiked sample were in the range of 1.71%-4.98%, the RSD of the actual sample was less than 5%. The method could be used for the detection of organic acids and ethanol in fermentation broth. The effects of temperature (0 or 20℃) and ion intensity (saturated with sodium chloride or not) on the variability of the extraction efficiency were investigated. The results showed that saturated with sodium chloride increased the partition ratio of ethanol in ethyl acetate and decreased the partition ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in ethyl acetate; lower temperature decreased the partition ratio of ethanol in ethyl acetate and increased the partition ratio of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in ethyl acetate. The minimum extraction variability was obtained at 20℃ and sodium chloride saturated solution, so this condition was set as the extraction condition. The liquid-liquid extraction experiments were carried out under the conditions of the volumetric ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase being 2:1 and 1:1. Ratios of peak area under the two conditions were used to calculate the partition coefficients of the compounds. The partition coefficients of ethanol, n-propanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in ethyl acetate and sodium chloride saturated solution at 20℃ were measured and calculated to be 0.28, 1.64, 1.37, 2.51, and 3.29, respectively. The ethanol content of the extract solution of fermented sweet sorghum bagasse was determined by this method. The detection value was compared to that of the traditional distillation-gas chromatography method. The differences between two methods were less than the RSD of actual samples in this method. The pretreating process could be simplified by using liquid-liquid extraction instead of distillation. The detection method can also be used in the detection of organic acids and ethanol in other aqueous systems, such as detecting volatile fatty acids in anaerobic digestion waste water and detecting ethanol in fermented liquors. The injection of organic phase instead of aqueous phase can prevent the corrosion of the syringe by acid.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Butyric acid
Controlled terms:Acetic acid - Anaerobic digestion - Bacteria - Biodegradation - Chromatographic analysis - Corrosion prevention - Distillation - Ethanol - Fermentation - Gas chromatography - Gases - Liquid chromatography - Liquids - Organic acids - pH - Propanol - Propionic acid - Saturated fatty acids - Sodium chloride - Solvent extraction - Temperature - Volatile fatty acids
Uncontrolled terms:Chromatographic methods - Correlation coefficient - Determination of organic acids - Effects of temperature - Extraction efficiencies - Fermentation broths - Liquid-liquid extraction - Relative standard deviations
Classification code:539.2 Corrosion Protection - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 801.1 Chemistry, General - 801.2 Biochemistry - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds
Numerical data indexing:Mass_Density 1.00e-02kg/m3 to 4.50e-02kg/m3, Mass_Density 5.00e-02kg/m3 to 2.00e+00kg/m3, Percentage 1.71e+00% to 4.98e+00%, Percentage 5.00e+00%, Percentage 8.07e+01% to 1.08e+02%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.029
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 25>
Accession number:20191206653321
Title:Rapid target plant image mosaic based on depth and color information from Kinect combining K-means algorithm
Authors:Shen, Yue (1); Zhu, Jiahui (1); Liu, Hui (1); Cui, Yemin (2); Zhang, Bingnan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang; 212013, China; (2) Nantong Guangyi Electromechanical Co. LTD, Nantong; 226631, China
Corresponding author:Liu, Hui(amity@ujs.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:134-141
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Image mosaic can establish high resolution images with wide viewing angle, which is very important for realizing agricultural intelligence. Because of the light or wind and some other factors, traditional image mosaic methods have some disadvantages, such as dislocation, missing and long mosaic time. The method of plant image mosaic based on depth and color dual information feature source from Kinect has high accuracy, but it cannot meet the real-time requirement. It is difficult to meet the requirements of the reliability of agricultural vehicle applications by using image feature element method for image mosaic. Aiming at this problem, in this paper, we proposed a method of feature plant image mosaic based on color and depth information of Kinect sensor. First of all, the effective plant parts of color image were obtained by K-means algorithm and plant depth information. SURF (speeded-up robust features) algorithm was used to extract the effective parts, because the speed of SURF algorithm is three times of SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) algorithm. It is helpful to reduce the number of feature points matching and improve the speed and accuracy of feature point matching. Thirdly, feature points matches were gotten by similarity measure. But some wrong matches existed with this method. Too many mismatches may result in mosaic errors. Therefore, a solution was needed to remove mismatches to improve the accuracy of the matches. From the nature of Kinect, if Kinect moves horizontally, the depth data of a fixed point is the same. Based on this characteristic, some mismatches would be removed. Then the RANSAC (random sample consensus) algorithm was used to find the projection transformation matrix. The RANSAC algorithm uses the least possible points to estimate the model and then as far as possible to expand scope of the influence of the model. The projection transformation matrix is more accurate than image mosaic method reported in literature of Shen et al (2018) on account of the removing of mismatches. Finally, the multi-resolution image fusion method based on the suture line algorithm was used. The method was used for image fusion. From indoor and outdoor test, the mosaic method based on color and depth dual information feature source had obvious advantages, it can effectively overcome the light, wind and other environmental factors and avoid mosaic errors such as the loss of image and the difference of brightness. In the indoor test, the mosaic method of this article took 3.52 s, the accuracy of matches was 96.8%, in comparison with traditional method of 14.04 s with the accuracy of matches of 88.6%, and with image mosaic method reported in literature hat uses 12.14 s with the accuracy of matches of 96.6%. In the outdoor test, the mosaic method of this article took 7.11 s, the accuracy of matches was 95.2%, compared with the traditional method which takes 56.32 s, with the accuracy of matches of 91.3%, and with image mosaic method reported in literature that takes 45.67 s with the accuracy of matches of 95.2%. So, the mosaic method in this article used less time than the traditional method and method in literature. The data of mosaic accuracy showed that the average matching accuracy of the method in this article was 96.8%, and the average accuracy was higher than traditional image mosaic. So, this method can be further applied in other occasions of image mosaic. It can realize precise spraying of drug fertilizers and the control of pests and diseases based on information collected by Kinect.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Image fusion
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Algorithms - Color - Computer vision - Disease control - Image processing - K-means clustering - Linear transformations - Matrix algebra - Nematic liquid crystals
Uncontrolled terms:Depth information - Feature points matching - Indoor and outdoor tests - Projection transformation - Random sample consensus - Scale invariant feature transforms - Speeded up robust features - Surf algorithms
Classification code:723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.5 Computer Applications - 741.1 Light/Optics - 741.2 Vision - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 921.1 Algebra - 921.3 Mathematical Transformations
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 8.86e+01%, Percentage 9.13e+01%, Percentage 9.52e+01%, Percentage 9.66e+01%, Percentage 9.68e+01%, Time 1.21e+01s, Time 1.40e+01s, Time 3.52e+00s, Time 4.57e+01s, Time 5.63e+01s, Time 7.11e+00s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.016
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 26>
Accession number:20191206653332
Title:Running status of large and medium scale biogas project and physical, chemical and biological characteristics of materials before and after fermentation in winter of Beijing
Authors:Ding, Jingtao (1, 2); Zhang, Pengyue (1, 2); Hua, Guanlin (1, 2); Meng, Haibo (1, 2); Shen, Yujun (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning & Design, Beijing; 100125, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Meng, Haibo(newmhb7209@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:213-220
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:To explore the existing problems of biogas projects operating condition and properties of digestate in winter of Beijing, a field investigation on utilization of fermentation raw material, biogas, residue and slurry of 29 biogas projects were carried out in Beijing. Meanwhile, the operating conditions of biogas projects were also investigated. The samples of raw material, biogas residue and slurry were collected and their physicochemical properties such as nutrient content, number of fecal coliforms, heavy metal content were analyzed. Results showed that livestock and poultry manure were the anaerobic fermentation raw materials of the 29 biogas projects in winter. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and upflow solid reactor (USR) were the mainly anaerobic fermentation process. The produced biogas was mainly used as production and living energy for the surrounding farmers. Biogas residue and biogas slurry were used as manure for the farmland round the projects. Only 4 biogas projects produced organic manure for sale using biogas residues. The pH values of biogas residue and biogas slurry were in the range of 6.83-8.41 and 7.01-8.05, respectively. EC value of biogas residue (3.44 mS/cm) increased obviously comparing with EC value of raw material (1.48 mS/cm). With the fermentation process, the average mass fractions of organic and volatile solids in solid components of biogas projects decreased from 57.31% and 71.61% to 45.28% and 51.61%, respectively. The decreasing amplitudes were 20.99% and 27.93%, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of biogas slurry ranged from 2 549.21 to 26 815.81 mg/L. The average mass fractions of total nutrients in biogas residue were 7.23%, comparing with the total nutrients content of biogas slurry (4.20 g/L), which indicating better nutrition of the biogas residue. The contents of cuprum (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and plumbum (Pb) in biogas residue were also detected. The contents of As in 6 biogas projects exceeded the fertilizer standards for farmland. The number of fecal coliforms in biogas residue and biogas slurry was on the high level. The results showed that no biogas project could eliminate fecal coliforms completely, which indicating the low anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the biogas projects. Therefore, the biogas residue and biogas slurry produced in winter must be treated by advanced treatment processes such as aerobic fermentation before their application to farmland. The results of clustering analysis indicated that the operating condition of biogas projects in Fangshan district was better than that in the other two districts. According to the field investigation results and physicochemical properties data of raw material, biogas residue and slurry, some relevant suggestions were proposed as follows: 1) the biogas projects operating management should been strengthened to improve anaerobic fermentation efficiency in winter, especially the projects in Shunyi district and Daxing district; 2) the pathogenic bacteria (such as coliform bacteria) and As in the residue should be further eliminated to reduce its environmental risk before its application on farmland; 3) to reduce environmental exposure of the pathogenic bacteria in biogas slurry, the slurry storage tank should be enlarged and multistage treatment technique should be conducted before its being used for irrigation.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Biogas
Controlled terms:Biological materials - Chemical oxygen demand - Cluster analysis - Coliform bacteria - Digital storage - Farms - Fermentation - Fertilizers - Heavy metals - Information management - Manures - Nutrients - Physicochemical properties - Process control - Tanks (containers)
Uncontrolled terms:Anaerobic fermentation - Anaerobic fermentation process - Biogas residues - Biogas slurry - Chemical and biologicals - Continuous stirred tank reactor - Environmental exposure - Operating condition
Classification code:461.2 Biological Materials and Tissue Engineering - 531 Metallurgy and Metallography - 619.2 Tanks - 722.1 Data Storage, Equipment and Techniques - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
Numerical data indexing:Electrical_Conductivity 1.48e-01S/m, Electrical_Conductivity 3.44e-01S/m, Mass_Density 4.20e+00kg/m3, Mass_Density 8.16e-01kg/m3, Percentage 2.10e+01%, Percentage 2.79e+01%, Percentage 5.16e+01%, Percentage 5.73e+01%, Percentage 7.16e+01% to 4.53e+01%, Percentage 7.23e+00%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.027
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 27>
Accession number:20191206653326
Title:Study of ammonia and particulate matter emission characteristics from large-scale cage layer house in winter
Authors:Wang, Yue (1); Yang, Jinfeng (1); Xue, Wentao (1); Sun, Qinping (1); Zhu, Zhiping (2); Tian, Zhuang (1); Li, Xinrong (1); Zou, Guoyuan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing; 100097, China; (2) Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing; 100081, China
Corresponding author:Li, Xinrong(xr0955@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:170-178
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The ammonia (NH<inf>3</inf>) and particulate matter (PM) emissions from livestock farming have been an important issue for influencing the animal health and social environment. Among the different livestock categories, the layer production has been proven to have higher NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emission potentials when compared with cattle or pig rearing. Also, with the increasing demand of egg protein due to urbanization during these years in China, layer production has become an important industry in North China region, causing the layer production to be an important NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emission source in this region. However, with the upgrade of livestock house structure and farm management, also the deeper knowledge of PM hazard on health, as well as the high intention on the relationship between the NH<inf>3</inf> emission and the haze event, the former monitoring information of NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emissions in livestock house can't meet the urgent demand for evaluating and mitigating of the livestock NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emissions nowadays. In this study, the NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emissions (including PM<inf>2.5</inf>, PM<inf>10</inf> and total suspended particulates (TSP)) from a typical large-scale cage layer house (100 000 birds per house) in suburb Beijing were monitored for a consecutive eight days during winter, and the NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emission fluxes were estimated based on carbon dioxide balance method. The results showed that, the average NH<inf>3</inf> concentration of the air outlet from the layer house was (4.58±3.29) mg/m<sup>3</sup>, and the NH<inf>3</inf> emission flux per bird was (32.2±12.5) mg/d. The PM<inf>2.5</inf>, PM<inf>10</inf> and TSP concentrations of the air outlet were (0.13±0.06), (0.81±0.16), (3.28±1.32) mg/m<sup>3</sup>, respectively; while the emission fluxes per bird were (0.7±0.4), (6.3±1.4), (27.6±12.5) mg/d, respectively. The NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emissions of the layer house showed an emission trend of a two days cycle, which was in accordance with the two days manure clean frequency indoor. The indoor TSP and PM<inf>10</inf> concentrations during the daytime were obviously higher than those of nighttime. In the days with manure belt cleaning, the concentrations of TSP, PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> during daytime were 5.6-7.1, 3.2-4.2 and 5.6-6.3 times as much as that during nighttime, respectively; while in the days without manure belt cleaning, the concentrations of TSP, PM<inf>10</inf> and PM<inf>2.5</inf> were 2.1-2.4, 1.8-2.4, and 0.8-2.2 times as much as that during nighttime, respectively. Besides of the manure cleaning manipulation and the layer activity during daytime, the indoor PM<inf>2.5</inf> concentration was influenced by the ambient air PM<inf>2.5</inf> conditions to some extent, causing the PM<inf>2.5</inf> concentration during daytime couldn't always be higher than that during nighttime, especially when the haze event suddenly occurred during nighttime. The ratio of PM<inf>2.5</inf> to PM<inf>10</inf> of the air outlet was 10.4%~20.4%. The K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> contents of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> in the air outlet were significantly higher than those of the ambient air PM<inf>2.5</inf> (P <0.05). For the particle ion balance of the PM<inf>2.5</inf> from the air outlet and the ambient air, the analyzed cations were higher than anions. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for compiling the NH<inf>3</inf> and PM emission inventories for livestock industry; also the analysis for the PM elements can provide basis for studying the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic aerosols and PM source apportionment.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:42
Main heading:Particulate emissions
Controlled terms:Agriculture - Air cleaners - Ammonia - Birds - Carbon dioxide - Cleaning - Fertilizers - Houses - Information management - Ions - Mammals - Manures - Monitoring - Promethium - Structural health monitoring - Veterinary medicine
Uncontrolled terms:Emission concentration - Emission fluxes - Monitoring information - Particulate matter emissions - Secondary inorganic aerosol - Source apportionment - Total suspended particulates - Water-soluble ions
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 422 Strength of Building Materials; Test Equipment and Methods - 451.1 Air Pollution Sources - 451.2 Air Pollution Control - 547.2 Rare Earth Metals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.021
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 28>
Accession number:20191206653331
Title:Research on rural waste recycling mode and its evaluation in village
Authors:Zhou, Haibin (1); Shen, Yujun (1); Meng, Haibo (1); Zhao, Lixin (1); Cheng, Hongsheng (1); Huo, Lili (1); Dong, Shanshan (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Institute of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Zhao, Lixin(zhaolixin5092@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:206-212
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, China's rural areas have witnessed rapid economic development, and the living and production waste in rural areas has been gradually increased. However, due to the limited economic development level, some villages is still lack of facilities for collection, treatment, and disposal of these waste. The recycling of living and production wastes in villages is an important way of environmental protection in the rural area and to improve the efficiency of resource utilization. It is easy to find some practical and mature technology to treat one kind of wastes in rural area, but lack of overall consideration for the recycling of production and living waste in the village. In this paper, we took a typical village (village A) in the mountainous area of Xingtai City, Hebei Province as an example, and constructed a recycling system of production and living waste. Fruit planting and rural tourism are the leading industries in village A. The main waste in village A are fruit trees pruning, household solid waste, sewage, and manure. The recycling system of the village was constructed using technologies and facilities such as composting of organic wastes, pyrolysis of fruit tree pruning, sewage treatment, and the collection and treatment of solid waste. The energy recovery and fertilizer use were realized in the village, and residential environment governance achieved a higher level. A combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy evaluation method was adopted to construct the index system to evaluate the technology system of the recycling of wastes from living and production. A total of 26 indexes were chosen in the index system, which contained technological, economic and social, and environmental indexes. And the weight of each index was determined by the expert scoring method. Such as residents' acceptance, cost for garbage collection, average steady running time of the treatment facilities, and qualification rate of surface water and soil showed higher weights in rural area of North China. The method was used to evaluate the recycling system of village A, and result showed that the technology system of recycling of wastes from living and production in village A was level excellent. The evaluation method could fully reflect the characteristics of the recycling mode of living and production waste in rural areas. The evaluation methods in this study would provide the methodology reference for assessing, selecting, integrating, and promoting the technology system of recycling of wastes from living and production in China. It is a new thought that committing an overall design of the recycling system of the village, according to the village type, location, and reginal economic, and modifying through scientific evaluation, which could greatly improve the quality of rural area development, governance, and environmental protection. We will conduct evaluation and research on different types of typical villages in the southern area and the plain area of northern China in the future, further improve the evaluation method, and provide guidance for the construction and operation of recycling system of living and production waste in natural villages.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:28
Main heading:Rural areas
Controlled terms:Analytic hierarchy process - Economic and social effects - Environmental protection - Fertilizers - Forestry - Fruits - Houses - Orchards - Quality control - Recycling - Sewage treatment - Solid wastes - Surface waters - Waste disposal - Waste utilization
Uncontrolled terms:Analytic hierarchy process (ahp) - Evaluation - Fuzzy evaluation method - Household solid waste - Mode - Residential environment - Resource utilizations - Scientific evaluations
Classification code:402.3 Residences - 444.1 Surface Water - 452 Municipal and Industrial Wastes; Waste Treatment and Disposal - 454.2 Environmental Impact and Protection - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control - 961 Systems Science - 971 Social Sciences
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.026
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 29>
Accession number:20191206653336
Title:Parameter optimization of corn staw anaerobic digestibility pretreated by biogas slurry
Authors:Wang, Yingqi (1, 2); Yang, Hongzhi (1); Meng, Haibo (2); Feng, Jing (2); Wei, Chengcheng (1)
Author affiliation:(1) Collge of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing; 163319, China; (2) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs, Beijing; 100125, China
Corresponding author:Yang, Hongzhi(yhz5070679@163.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:239-245
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Under natural conditions, corn staw take a long time to start anaerobic digestion and decomposition due to its compact structure. Therefore, many studies have focused on the pretreatment of corn straws. At present, biogas slurry is difficult to treat after anaerobic fermentation. Pretreatment of corn straws with biogas slurry can reduce pollution and reduce the cost of pretreatment. The biogas slurry contains a large number of microorganisms, among which there are many degradable lignocellulose components. Pretreatment of corn straws with biogas slurry has become a research hotspot. This study aimed to optimize the parameter of pretreatment of corn straw with biogas slurry and to improve its anaerobic digestion gas production. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin content before and after pretreatment of biogas slurry and gas production were selected as indicators. According to the design principle of CCD (central composite design) experiment, the biogas slurry addation ratio (TS%), temperature and time were selected as factors. When the temperature was from 20 to 40℃, the biogas slurry addition ratio was 20% (based on total solid content) and the pretreatment time was 6 d, the cellulose degradation rate was 3.82%-9.27%, and the hemicellulose degradation rate was 13.05%-18.66%. At the same time, the lignin degradation rate was between 5.10% and 7.44%. The content of lignocellulose decreased from 72.41% to 63.44% at 30℃, and the degradation rate was 12.39%. When the temperature was set to 30℃ and the pretreatment time was 6 d, the addition of biogas slurry was set between 10% and 30%(based on TS content). The cellulose degradation rate was from 6.72% to 9.68%, and the lignin degradation rate was between 1.91% and 7.75%. The degradation effect of hemicellulose was most obvious, ranging from 8.26% to 20.55%. The degradation rate of lignocellulose was ranged from 6.67% to 13.41%. Similarly, when the pretreatment time was between 2 and 10 d the temperature was 30℃, the biogas slurry addition ratio is 20%, the total degradation rate of lignocellulose is 8.19% to 13.44%.The test results showed that with the decrease of pretreatment TS and the prolongation of pretreatment time, the degradation rate of lignocellulose is higher. But the degradation rate of lignocellulose reached the maximum at 30℃. From the gas production, the higher the degradation rate of lignocellulose does not mean that the gas production is higher, and the excessive pursuit of degradation of lignocellulose will affect the gas production. After optimizing the gas production by the response surface method, the optimal pretreatment process were: Biogas slurry addition (TS) 19.08%, pretreatment temperature (30±1)℃, pretreatment time was 5 d, and total gas production can be increased by 30.76%. Pretreatment of corn straws with biogas slurry can effectively hydrolyze cellulose and hemicellulose. Meanwhile, it could reduce the lag time of corn straw anaerobic fermentation digestion and increase gas production. This economical and effective pretreatment method can improve the gas production efficiency of corn straw and provide a comprehensive utilization of biogas slurry.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:27
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Biogas - Cellulose - Degradation - Fermentation - Gases - Lignin - Sludge digestion - Straw - Surface properties
Uncontrolled terms:Biogas slurry - Central composite designs - Comprehensive utilizations - Gas productions - Hemicellulose degradation - Lignocellulose degradation - Pretreatment temperature - Response surface methodology
Classification code:452.2 Sewage Treatment - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 811.3 Cellulose, Lignin and Derivatives - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 3.08e+01%, Percentage 3.82e+00% to 9.27e+00%, Percentage 5.10e+00% to 7.44e+00%, Percentage 6.67e+00% to 1.34e+01%, Percentage 6.72e+00% to 9.68e+00%, Percentage 7.24e+01% to 6.34e+01%, Percentage 8.19e+00% to 1.34e+01%, Percentage 8.26e+00% to 2.06e+01%, Percentage 1.24e+01%, Percentage 1.31e+01% to 1.87e+01%, Percentage 1.91e+00% to 7.75e+00%, Percentage 1.91e+01%, Percentage 2.00e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.031
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 30>
Accession number:20191206653341
Title:Grading Keemun black tea based on shape feature parameters of machine vision
Authors:Song, Yan (1); Xie, Hanlei (1); Ning, Jingming (2); Zhang, Zhengzhu (2)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230000, China; (2) State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei; 230000, China
Corresponding author:Ning, Jingming(ningjm@ahau.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:279-286
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Objective and accurate identification of tea grades is indispensable in tea processing and sales. Traditional grade identification often depends on human sensory judgments. This method is subjective, difficult to quantify, and has a certain error probability. The objective of this paper was to establish an objective and accurate method to identify the appearance grade of tea. In this paper, Keemun congou black tea was taken as the research object, and a SVM recognition method based on shape feature histogram multi-feature fusion was proposed. Firstly, the tea image acquisition system was built and the camera parameters were calibrated. Rectangular groups and irregular polygon groups of fix dimensions were used to test the measurement accuracy of the image acquisition system. The RGB image of tea leaves was greyed and its binary image was obtained. In order to obtain uniform shape feature parameters, the rotation of tea image was carried out with the minimum area of the leaf's outer rectangle as the constraint. Secondly, 6 absolute shape features - leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf perimeter, the length and width of minimum area bounding rectangle, were extracted. On this basis, 2 relative shape features of length-width ratio and rectangularity were calculated. The histograms of different tea samples in different interval were further obtained, and the histogram distribution of the above characteristics was used as classifier inputs. Finally, the BP neural network, extreme learning machine (ELM), support vector machine (SVM) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were used as classifiers to classify tea samples. This result showed that the measurement accuracy of the image acquisition system constructed in this paper was less than 0.3 mm, and the shape feature parameters could be accurately extracted. When identifying all seven grades of tea samples, the recognition accuracy of BP neural network was 53.6%, the recognition accuracy of ELM was 87.86%, the recognition accuracy of SVM was 94.29% and the recognition accuracy of LS-SVM was 95.71%. The details of BP neural network classifier were as below: When 2 grades were classified, the recognition accuracy was 100% and the determination coefficient of the test set was 100.00%. When four grades were classified, the recognition accuracy was 97.5% and the determination coefficient of the test set was 93.19%. When all 7 classes were classified, the determination coefficient of test set was 53.6%. The details of ELM classifier were as below: When three grades were classified, the recognition accuracy was 90.00% When five grades were classified, the recognition accuracy was 88.00%.When SVM classifier with linear kernel function was used to identify 7 grades, the determination coefficient of test set was 86.10%. When LS-SVM classifier with linear kernel function was used to identify 7 grades, the determination coefficient of test set was 96.20%. It could be seen that the classifier based on LS-SVM had higher recognition accuracy and the best effect. There were two types of problems in the classification process: One was as the misidentification rate increased with samples amount increasing in the classification model, the second was the misidentification largely happened in adjacent classes. These problems were discussed in this paper. Through the above research, it was verified that the shape feature could be used to identify the appearance grade of Keemun congou black tea. This paper provided detailed experimental data and reference methods for the objective and digital grade identification of Keemun congou black tea.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Classification (of information)
Controlled terms:Binary images - Computer vision - Geometry - Grading - Graphic methods - Image acquisition - Image processing - Models - Neural networks - Support vector machines - Testing
Uncontrolled terms:Appearance - Black tea - BP neural network classifier - Determination coefficients - Extreme learning machine - Image acquisition systems - Least squares support vector machines - Linear kernel functions
Classification code:716.1 Information Theory and Signal Processing - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.00e+02%, Percentage 5.36e+01%, Percentage 8.61e+01%, Percentage 8.79e+01%, Percentage 8.80e+01%, Percentage 9.00e+01%, Percentage 9.32e+01%, Percentage 9.43e+01%, Percentage 9.57e+01%, Percentage 9.62e+01%, Percentage 9.75e+01%, Size 3.00e-04m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.036
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 31>
Accession number:20191206653310
Title:Study on blade parameter optimization analysis of broccoli cuts based on minimum slice stress
Authors:Chen, Jianneng (1, 2); Chen, Liqun (1); Yu, Chennan (1); Cai, Shuanglei (1); Xia, Xudong (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou; 310018, China; (2) Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Planting Equipment Technology, Hangzhou; 310018, China
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:42-48
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In order to explore the effect of the broccoli cutter working parameters on cutting characteristics of broccoli branch stalk as well as to optimize the working parameters of the cutting blade, the cutting tests of broccoli branch stalk were performed with electronic universal material testing machine cutting test-bed. The samples were the outer branch stalk of broccoli with same diameter. The main test equipment included the electronic universal material testing machine, blades and cutting stand, a digital camera and its image processing and analysis software ImageJ, scorpion, meter ruler, vernier caliper, protractor and marker pen. The test method and scheme were designed based on the measurement and control system of the universal material testing machine, the data measured by the pressure sensor on the universal material testing machine automatically displayed, relation curve of cutting force and time of cutting blade could be get. The maximum cutting force obtained during the cutting process was taken as the maximum cutting force F<inf>MS</inf> of broccoli branch stalk. Some researchers considered that it is more reasonable to use unit cutting force as the research target. therefore, in order to eliminate the influence of the diameter difference of broccoli branch stalk on the experimental results, the maximum cutting force per unit area was taken as the target value. The influence of the cutting blade working parameters on the maximum cutting force were studied, the cutting blade working parameters include blade structure, blade angle, cutting angle and cutting position on the branch stalk. The cutting tests were grouped into the single factor tests, multi-factor orthogonal test. The testing factors were cutting position(ranging from 30-50 mm), cutting blades (cone blade, straight blade, spherical blade), blade angle (5°-17°), cutting angle (45°-90°). Multi-factor orthogonal method was a three-factor three-level testing scheme. The multi-factor orthogonal method used to optimize the working parameters of broccoli cutter. The multi-factor test results showed that the change trends of the objective values (the maximum cutting force per unit cutting area) with the changes of the testing factors were basically consistent with the results of the single factor tests. Single factor test results show that the dicing performance is best when the cutting position is 40 mm, the straight blade, the cutting angle is 60°, and the blade edge angle is 5°-10°. The results of multi-factor test showed that the position of the cutting, the structure of the blade, the blade angle and the cutting angle of the cutting tests were the primary and secondary factors that affect the cutting performance, the cutting position was 40 mm, the blade structure was spherical blade, blade edge angle was 8° and the cutting angle is 90°. According to the experimental optimization results, the broccoli cutter was designed, and the cutting test was carried out on the prototype. The cutting effect was good and the cutting success rate reached 91%, the mean value of cutting force was 18.32kPa, which is basically close to the theoretical value of 17.45kPa, it verified the rationality of tool parameter setting. The study results provided theoretical support for the development of subsequent broccoli cutting machine and cutting blade parameters.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:33
Main heading:Cutting
Controlled terms:Cutting equipment - Cutting tools - Electronic equipment testing - Image processing - Materials testing apparatus - Optimization - Software testing - Stresses - Tools - Turbomachine blades
Uncontrolled terms:Broccoli - Cuts - Cutting characteristics - Cutting performance - Experimental optimization - Image processing and analysis - Maximum cutting force - Measurement and control systems
Classification code:603.2 Machine Tool Accessories - 723.5 Computer Applications - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 9.10e+01%, Pressure 1.74e+04Pa, Pressure 1.83e+04Pa, Size 3.00e-02m to 5.00e-02m, Size 4.00e-02m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.005
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 32>
Accession number:20191206653323
Title:Design and realization of intelligent service system for monitoring and warning of meteorological disasters in facility agriculture in North China
Authors:Sun, Zhigui (1); Wang, Yuansheng (2); Zhang, Lu (3); Guo, Wang (2)
Author affiliation:(1) Tianjin Marine Meteorological Center, Tianjin; 300074, China; (2) Beijing Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing; 100097, China; (3) Tianjin Jinnan District Meteorological Bureau, Tianjin; 300050, China
Corresponding author:Wang, Yuansheng(642634129@qq.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:149-156
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:In recent years, facility agriculture that features high-efficiency has become an important part of agricultural production in the North of China. However, it was suffered some damages from severe weather such as cold wave, strong winds, blizzards, low temperature and less sunshine hazard. This study was aimed to cater for the straight-through demands of facility agricultural breeding enterprises and large agricultural breeding families for facility Agra-meteorological disasters resisting and early warning. Based on artificial intelligence means such as internet data mining and expert knowledge decision-making system, we established an intelligent service system for monitoring and warning of meteorological disasters in facility agriculture to guarantee the security and stability of facility agriculture production. First of all, the meteorological knowledge that was urgently needed for the production of crops such as cucumber, strawberry, tomato, and sweet pepper etc. was summarized by using information technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of things, mobile Internet, the Java EE technology framework, SOA(service oriented architecture) cloud service technology, and multi-factor association rule learning method. Then we defined the rules of agricultural meteorological disaster warning and production management expert knowledge based on the location-based weather forecasting data, microclimate environment data of facility agriculture, dynamic planting information and growth period data of facility crops, which would effectively improve the integration of intelligent services and actual production needs. Finally, the facility Agra-meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning and intelligent decision-making pushing service system was built depending on the integrated platform for intelligent grid weather forecast and warning of meteorological department, forecast of refined meteorological elements in the next 3 to 7 days, Internet data mining and expert knowledge decision techniques, which would provide interactive, individualized, intelligent and straight-through meteorological information service for agricultural parks and large farming households. It indicated that real-time warning of meteorological disasters and intelligent decision-making services for production management had been working well. The system could not only provide real-time, personalized guidance for production practices, but also realize automatic warnings for Agra-meteorological disasters in major Northern facility agriculture such as cold wave, strong wind, low temperature and less sunshine hazard, and heavy snow. It would timely send information on the important turning weather in next 7 days, meteorological disaster warning, facility agricultural production management decision-making, and disaster prevention recommendations to agricultural technicians through smart phone APP. It was convenient for production managers to pay attention to weather changes and adopt corresponding production management measures according to the type of planting crops in time. Therefore, they would be in early preparation for meteorological disasters, avoiding major disaster losses. Providing interactive, personalized and intelligent straight-through meteorological information services for agricultural parks and large agricultural breeding families would effectively solve the pre-disaster early warning and disaster prevention problems of major facilities agricultural meteorological disasters. It would significantly improve the efficiency of modern agricultural production and be of far-reaching significance for promoting the development of agricultural modernization and modern agriculture.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:31
Main heading:Weather forecasting
Controlled terms:Alarm systems - Crops - Data mining - Decision making - Disaster prevention - Disasters - Efficiency - Engineering education - Hazards - Information management - Information services - Information technology - Knowledge based systems - Location based services - Low temperature production - Monitoring - Pumping plants - Service oriented architecture (SOA) - Smartphones - Storms - Temperature
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural modernizations - Agricultural production management - Facility agricultures - Intelligent decision making - Intelligent service systems - Meteorological disasters - Meteorological information services - Soa (serviceoriented architecture)
Classification code:443 Meteorology - 443.3 Precipitation - 446 Waterworks - 641.1 Thermodynamics - 716 Telecommunication; Radar, Radio and Television - 718.1 Telephone Systems and Equipment - 722.4 Digital Computers and Systems - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 723.4.1 Expert Systems - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 901.2 Education - 903 Information Science - 903.4 Information Services - 912.2 Management - 913.1 Production Engineering - 914.1 Accidents and Accident Prevention
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.92e-02yr, Age 8.22e-03yr to 1.92e-02yr
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.018
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 33>
Accession number:20191206653319
Title:Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of maize water surplus deficit and irrigation mode partition in Liaoning province
Authors:Wei, Xinguang (1); Wang, Tieliang (1); Li, Bo (1); Liu, Shouyang (2); Yao, Mingze (1); Xie, Ying (1); Zheng, Siyu (1); Jing, Zhuran (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang; 110866, China; (2) French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA-EMMAH), Avignon; 453003, France
Corresponding author:Wang, Tieliang(tieliangwang@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:119-126
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:It is necessary to formulate a partition irrigation management mode based on the feature of water resource and meteorology of different sub areas in a large area. Maize is the main crop and major agricultural water consumer in Liaoning province. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of maize water surplus deficit and lay out an irrigation mode partition scheme in Liaoning province. We collected the data of maize growth index, irrigation, and daily meteorological data from 1955 to 2014 in 27 agricultural meteorological stations in Liaoning province. The calculated index included evapotranspiration (ET), irrigation requirement, crop water surplus and deficit index (CWSDI), the drought probability during the maize growth stage in Liaoning. The results showed that: the ET during the growth stage of maize varied in a single peak style in all the regions of Liaoning. The ET in western Liaoning was the highest in Liaoning, and the monthly ET of the western Liaoning was more than 140 mm in July. The high value of ET mainly appeared in the western region (ET≥380 mm). The ET was lower in the central and southern regions in Liaoning. The minimum value of ET was in the southern Liaoning, which was less than 345 mm. The standard deviation of ET were higher in the central and southern Liaoning around the Bohai sea (SD>15 mm), but it were stable in eastern and western Liaoning (SD<8 mm). A total of 4 typically deficient irrigation schedule were recommended and the irrigation norm in different hydrological years were 40, 80, 120 and 135 mm, respectively for the wet year, the normal year, the dry year and the drought year. In most years, CWSDI of maize were above 0 in the eastern Liaoning, and the peak was above 2.5 (in the year of 1985). It indicates that the crop water supply exceeded demand in most of years. It was significantly different between the western and eastern Liaoning. In the western Liaoning, the most of the CWSDI was below 0, and sometimes even below -0.14. There was a widespread mild dry in most of the years, sometimes was dry even drought in this region. The spatial distribution of the dry frequency indicated that, in addition to the southeast Liaoning, the most regions may become mild dry, dry or drought, most especially in the western Liaoning. In the northwest Liaoning, the frequency of mild drought occurrence was high. The dry mainly appeared in the western Liaoning. The CWSDI and the dry frequency had the similar spatial distribution pattern. The area with mild dry frequency not less than 0.45, dry frequency not less than 0.28, the drought frequency not less than 0.12 and CWSDI higher than 0 was same. Thus, we defined the area meeting one of the conditions above as the arid area. Those areas were in the western and northern Liaoning where the water resource supply was less than demand and the dry condition appeared very often. We defined the area with mild dry frequency not less than 0.1 or CWSDI higher than 0.45 as the drouht-prone area. These areas were in the northern Liaoning, middle Liaoning and the west of eastern Liaoning. Based on the CWSDI and dry frequency, a total of 7 irrigation modes were set up. A total of 6, 4, 3 and 1 irrigation mode were for the drought, dry, normal and wet year, respectively. The study would improve not only the areas water resource utilization but also food security.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:29
Main heading:Spatial distribution
Controlled terms:Crops - Drought - Evapotranspiration - Food supply - Irrigation - Water supply
Uncontrolled terms:CWSDI - Irrigation management - Irrigation requirements - Maize - Meteorological station - Spatial distribution patterns - Temporal and spatial distribution - Water resource utilization
Classification code:444 Water Resources - 446.1 Water Supply Systems - 821.3 Agricultural Methods - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 822.3 Food Products - 921 Mathematics
Numerical data indexing:Size 1.20e-01m, Size 1.35e-01m, Size 1.40e-01m, Size 3.45e-01m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.014
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 34>
Accession number:20191206653340
Title:Study on difficulty and time sequence of construction of high standard basic farmland in Chongqing based on remote sensing images
Authors:Zeng, Jibin (1); Shao, Jing'an (2, 3); Xie, Deti (4)
Author affiliation:(1) Land Acquisition and Reserve Center in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City, Chongqing; 404000, China; (2) College of Geography and Tourism, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing; 400047, China; (3) Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing; 400047, China; (4) College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing; 400716, China
Corresponding author:Shao, Jing'an(shao_ja2003@sohu.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:267-278
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The difficulty and timing analysis of high standard basic farmland construction is one of the prerequisites for construction planning. In order to further identify the relationship among the quality of cultivated land, the difficulty and time series of construction, the paper regarded Dianjiang County in Chongqing as the study example. The cultivated land quality, the difficulty and time series of high standard basic farmland construction in Dianjiang County, as well as the differential construction zone and management model were studied and analyzed, by adopting high resolution SPOT5 remote sensing images, agricultural land quality grade data, external survey data, and the project database of land consolidation and high standard basic farmland construction projects statistical data, using the entropy weight TOPSIS model, the construction difficulty index method, etc, and based on the support of ArcGIS and ENVI software. The results showed that: (1) from the aspect of the comprehensive quality, the regional spatial distribution was showing 4 levels obviously. The highest grade "Ⅳ", which occupied 17 499.68 hm<sup>2</sup>, was mainly in the "H" pattern in the Mingyue Mountain, the medial lower edge of Huanghua Mountain, and the East and west to the central region. The second grade "Ⅲ", which occupied 24 781.16 hm<sup>2</sup>, was mainly extended to both sides of the north and south central lines, showing a "double core" pattern. In the third grade "II", which occupied 27 133.37 hm<sup>2</sup>, the "double core" type was transformed into a "mononuclear" type mainly in the Heda platform area of the right lower right side of the Gaotan River. In the lowest grade "Ⅰ", which occupied 11 030.55 hm<sup>2</sup>, the core distribution was basically the same as that in the lower edge of the Mingyue Mountain area and Heda platform area and the Huanghua Mountain. (2) The difficulty of construction showed good correspondence with the comprehensive quality, the higher the comprehensive quality, the smaller the difficulty of the construction. In the construction division, there were 4 areas, namely, the priority construction area which occupied 18 590.14 hm<sup>2</sup>, the key renovation area which occupied 31 084.33 hm<sup>2</sup>, the condition zone which occupied 22 830.94 hm<sup>2</sup> and the poor condition area which occupied 7 939.35 hm<sup>2</sup>. (3) The timing of construction was presented in 3 periods, namely, the recent term (2016-2020), the medium term (2021-2030), and the long term (2031-2050). Regional differences were existed both in the division and the timing of construction. The recent term construction area was 30 166.79 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 37.51%; the medium term construction area was 25 983.65 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 32.37%; and the long term construction area was 23 409.43 hm<sup>2</sup>, accounting for 29.17%. The timing planning of construction was mainly considering the near future, while building enough space for the medium and long term to facilitate the construction of high standard basic farmland; (4) The area was divided into 3 zones, based on the advantages of regional industrial development, which were the multi-functional agricultural development zone served by the areas along the lower edge of the Yu Wu Road in the lower edge of the Mingyue Mountain, the standardized grain and oil base zone served by the areas of the Mingyue Mountain and Huanghua Mountain trough area, and the stereoscopic and recycling agriculture zone served by the area around the center of grand platform of the right bank of Gaotan River. (5) Based on the current situation of regional agricultural development, three types of development for different regions were put forward, namely, the local government domination, the facility domination, and the location domination. In conclusion, the timing of high standard basic farmland construction is affected by the quality of cultivated land and the difficulty of construction. The construction and management of high standard basic farmland differential construction and management should mainly consider the model of building regional site conditions and industrial development. And the work of this paper will provide reference for the construction zoning of the high standard agricultural fields in Dianjiang County.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:47
Main heading:Project management
Controlled terms:Construction - Differentiation (calculus) - Farms - Land use - Landforms - Remote sensing - Space optics - Stereo image processing - Time series
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural development - Comprehensive qualities - Construction sequence - Construction time - Cultivated land qualities - High standards - Industrial development - Temote sensing
Classification code:403 Urban and Regional Planning and Development - 405 Construction Equipment and Methods; Surveying - 481.1 Geology - 656.1 Space Flight - 723.2 Data Processing and Image Processing - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 912.2 Management - 921.2 Calculus - 922.2 Mathematical Statistics
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 2.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.035
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 35>
Accession number:20191206653306
Title:Development of unilateral cleaning machine for grapevine buried by soil with rotary impeller
Authors:Ma, Shuai (1); Xu, Liming (1); Xing, Jiejie (1); Yuan, Quanchun (1); Yu, Changchang (1); Duan, Zhuangzhuang (1); Chen, Chen (1); Zeng, Jian (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing; 100083, China
Corresponding author:Xu, Liming(xlmoffice@126.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:1-10
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Due to China's unique climate and geographical conditions, compared with foreign countries, ours grape planting requires two additional operations, which are burying soil to prevent cold in winter and cleaning soil in spring, and the degree of mechanization in the spring soil-cleaning operation is relatively low. The design and development of grapevine soil cleaner is of great significance to the industrial development of the grape planting, so aiming at the problems of low efficiency and low mechanization of artificial soil cleaning operation of grapevines in the main grape producing areas of northern China in spring, this paper design a grapevine soil cleaner with rotary impeller for unilateral cleaning soil and its operation principle was analyzed. The machine is mainly composed of the frame, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part, the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, and the depth limit wheel and so on. Among them, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part and the screw shaft of levelling soil parts are the main soil cleaning parts of the machine. When the machine is working, the soil of the upper part of the grapevine was scraped to the rows by the soil scraper parts, the rotating impeller parts removes the soil on the side of the grapevines away from the cement pillar and the soil that scraped by the scraper parts, and the removed soil is again transported to the rows and evenly spread between the rows of grapes by the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, through the cooperation of these mainly parts, the soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar can be removed to the middle of the grape rows, in order to re-use the buried soil in the winter and the late plant protection machinery to walk between the grape rows. During the working, the tractor hydraulic three-point hitch and the depth limit wheel are used to adjust the height of the machine from the ground. Modeling the machine in 3D software Solidworks. In order to reduce the amount of simulation calculations and improve simulation efficiency, this machine model is appropriately simplified and all of parts were scaled down to 0.5 and then imported into the EDEM. The whole simulation test environment was also scaled down to 0.5 correspondingly, and the simulation model of soil particle was established by using EDEM software to simulate the working process and verified the feasibility of the principle of the machine. Then, the forward speed, impeller rotary speed, and the screw shaft rotary speed were taken as the factors, and the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line was used as an indicator to conduct the orthogonal experiments, the minimum value of distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line is used as the optimal index, as a result, obtaining the best working parameter combination of the machine: impeller rotary speed 420 r/min, screw shaft rotary speed 300 r/min, forward speed 1.2 m/s. Under this condition, the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line in EDEM is 44 mm. Finally, manufacturing physical prototypes and conducting field tests, and the results of field tests were compared with the result of simulation experiments, the results show that the field tests' results are basically consistent with the simulation optimization results. The soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar was evenly laid in the middle of the rows of grapevine. The relative error between field tests and simulation tests is 15%, which satisfies the operation requirements for unilateral soil cleaning of grapevines. This study provides a reference for the development of other types of grapevine soil cleaner.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Soil cement
Controlled terms:3D modeling - Cleaning - Design - Efficiency - Hydraulic machinery - Impellers - Mechanization - Optimization - Screws - Software testing - Soils - Speed - Tools - Warehouses - Wheels
Uncontrolled terms:Design and Development - EDEM - Geographical conditions - Grapevines - Industrial development - Simulation calculation - Simulation efficiency - Simulation optimization
Classification code:412 Concrete - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 601 Mechanical Design - 601.2 Machine Components - 605 Small Tools and Hardware - 632.2 Hydraulic Equipment and Machinery - 694.4 Storage - 723.5 Computer Applications - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 913.1 Production Engineering - 921.5 Optimization Techniques
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 1.50e+01%, Rotational_Speed 3.00e+02RPM, Rotational_Speed 4.20e+02RPM, Size 4.40e-02m, Velocity 1.20e+00m/s
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.001
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 36>
Accession number:20191206653342
Title:Experimental study on biomechanical properties of buckwheat grain and viscoelastic properties of buckwheat powder
Authors:Sun, Jingxin (1); Guo, Yuming (1); Yang, Zuomei (1); Cui, Qingliang (1); Wu, Xinhui (1); Zhang, Yanqing (1)
Author affiliation:(1) College of Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu; 030801, China
Corresponding author:Guo, Yuming(guoyuming99@sina.com)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:287-298
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:Buckwheat belongs to Fagopyrum mill, which is one of the grain crops in China. Buckwheat is rich in protein, fat and other nutrients, as well as food fiber, sugar alcohol, phenolic acids, bioflavones and other disease-resistant ingredients. In recent years, buckwheat has become the preferred functional staple food for people which with cardiovascular disease and diabetes and are highly recommended for its high medicinal and edible value by the public. At present the mechanized production level of buckwheat is relatively low. The stress modes of relative working parts on grain are extrusion, impact, kneading and so on during the design process of buckwheat segmenting, combined harvesting, threshing, husking, milling, processing and other equipment. Therefore, the selection of design parameters for key components requires a comprehensive mastery of the conventional biomechanical properties that contain compress, impact and friction of different buckwheat grains. Viscoelastic properties of buckwheat powder were studied in this paper: 1) Basic physical parameters that contain triaxial size, 1000-grain weight and bulk weight of different buckwheat varieties (Jinqiao-1, Yuqiao-4, Heifeng-1, Heifeng-10, Zhaoku-1 and Chuanqiao-1) with different moisture content (22.8%, 19.4%, 15.6%, 13.2%, 11.1%)were measured. The results showed that the length, width, height, 1000-grain weight and geometric mean diameters of buckwheat grain decreased as the moisture content decreased, and the bulk density increased as the moisture content decreased. The Fagopyrum esculentum moench length, width and thickness range from 6.16 mm to 6.87 mm, 4.16 mm to 4.60 mm, 3.87 mm to 4.32 mm, and 1000-grain weight range from 32.34 g to 37.70 g, respectively. The Fagopyrum tataricum length, width and thickness range from 4.39 mm to 5.90 mm, 3.10 mm to 3.90 mm, 2.93 mm to 3.61 mm, and 1000-grain weight range from 21.32 g to 27.67 g, respectively. 2) The static sliding friction coefficient and the angle of repose of buckwheat grain were measured by inclined plane instrument and repose angle measuring device. The results showed that the friction coefficient decreased on Q235 steel plate, 7075 aluminum alloy plate and 304 stainless steel plate in turn. The friction coefficient and angle of repose decreased as the moisture content decreased, and the friction coefficient and angle of repose of Fagopyrum esculentum moench were smaller than those of Fagopyrum tataricum. The friction coefficient was not only related to grain moisture content, surface roughness of contact materials, but also related to grain surface characteristics and grain shape. 3) The dynamic viscoelastic test of buckwheat (powder) was carried out on DMA (Q800), and the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor of buckwheat powder were obtained. The storage modulus decreased as the moisture content increased. For the same buckwheat, the loss modulus and loss factor increased as the moisture content increased, and the lower the moisture content, the smaller the loss modulus, the bigger the storage modulus, the greater the elasticity and the smaller the viscosity. 4) The mechanical properties of grain, which contain failure force and failure energy, were measured by physical property analyzer. As the moisture content increased, the failure force, apparent modulus of elasticity and maximum contact stress decreased gradually, the amount of deformation gradually increased, and the failure energy showed a downward trend. The failure force and failure energy of Fagopyrum esculentum moench were lower than that of Fagopyrum tataricum, so Fagopyrum esculentum moench was easier to peel than Fagopyrum tataricum. In order to increase the whole and half kernel rate of Fagopyrum tataricum, the grain could be pretreated first to reduce the hardness and strength of shell and increase the hardness and strength of kernel. 5) The impact force was measured by ZBC50 pendulum hammer impact tester. The broken rate of Yuqiao-4 and Heifeng-1 was approximately 0 when the impact force was 20.70 and 42.58 N respectively. Under the same impact force, the broken rate first decreased and then increased as the moisture content increased. And the experimental results were fitted. According to the fitting formula, the broken rate (p<inf>1</inf>, p<inf>2</inf>) was the lowest when moisture content was 18.2% and 18.4%, respectively. The experimental results showed that: the broken rate was 2.9% when the impact force was 27.77 N and the moisture content of Yuqiao-4 was 18.2%; the broken rate was 11.7% when the impact force was 48.27 N and the moisture content of Hefeng-1 was 18.4%, and the experimental results were consistent with the model. The results can provide comprehensive foundation support for the development of buckwheat mechanized production equipment and parameter optimization.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Crops
Controlled terms:Aluminum alloys - Biomechanics - Elastic moduli - Fits and tolerances - Friction - Hardness - Mechanical properties - Moisture - Moisture determination - Storage (materials) - Surface roughness - Viscoelasticity
Uncontrolled terms:Biomechanical properties - Cardio-vascular disease - Different moisture contents - Geometric mean diameters - Grain moisture content - Parameter optimization - Sliding friction coefficient - Viscoelastic properties
Classification code:461.3 Biomechanics, Bionics and Biomimetics - 541.2 Aluminum Alloys - 694.4 Storage - 821.4 Agricultural Products - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids - 944.2 Moisture Measurements - 951 Materials Science
Numerical data indexing:Force 2.07e+01N, Force 2.78e+01N, Force 4.26e+01N, Force 4.83e+01N, Mass 2.13e-02kg to 2.77e-02kg, Mass 3.23e-02kg to 3.77e-02kg, Percentage 1.11e+01%, Percentage 1.17e+01%, Percentage 1.32e+01%, Percentage 1.56e+01%, Percentage 1.82e+01%, Percentage 1.84e+01%, Percentage 1.94e+01%, Percentage 2.28e+01%, Percentage 2.90e+00%, Size 4.39e-03m to 5.90e-03m, Size 6.16e-03m to 6.87e-03m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.037
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 37>
Accession number:20191206653315
Title:Monitoring roads and canals utilization condition for land consolidation project based on UAV remote sensing image
Authors:Gu, Zhengming (1); Jin, Xiaobin (1, 2, 3); Yang, Xiaoyan (4); Zhao, Qingli (4); Jiang, Yuchao (1); Han, Bo (1); Shan, Wei (1); Liu, Jing (1); Zhou, Yinkang (1, 2, 3)
Author affiliation:(1) School of Geographic and Oceanographic Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing; 210023, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Land and Resources, Nanjing; 210023, China; (3) Jiangsu Land Survey and Planning Institute, Nanjing; 210023, China; (4) The Ministry of Land and Resources Land Management Center, Beijing; 100035, China
Corresponding author:Jin, Xiaobin(jinxb@nju.edu.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:85-93
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The infrastructure in land consolidation projects provide important guarantee for harvest and natural calamities resistance to farmers directly, it is fundamental for rural social and economic development. However, some facilities in land consolidation projects cause problems such as fractured pavement or canal silted up after construction, which can bring negative effects to agricultural production. So it is important to find an effective and reliable technical method to monitor and evaluate the effects of land consolidation projects. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing is widely used in feature recognition, roads and canals collection and crop productivity evaluation during recent years, but it is rarely used to evaluate the quality of the infrastructure of land consolidation. To objectively monitor and effectively evaluate the post-construction utilization of the infrastructure in land consolidation projects, this paper selected typical land consolidation projects, used the multi-rotor UAV for aerial photography test to obtain high-resolution aerial images, and put forward the complete technical method and operational procedures for monitoring and evaluation of land consolidation infrastructure. Route 1 covered the whole study area. Route 2a mainly took pictures on main field roads and canals for precision shooting, and route 2b focused on roads and canals due to their width were less than 2 m. After image processing, this paper gained image grids of field roads and canals which were wider than 2 m, then selected BoW (bag of words) model to build a sample feature database of surface features, including the pavement diseases and canal silted up such as fractured pavement, obstructed pavement, potholed pavement, canal mild silted up and canal severe silted up. The BoW model included speeded-up robust features (SURF) algorithm for image characteristic representation, and image visual dictionary for local feature clustering. Finally this paper used SVM (support vector machine) to classify the images. The results showed that: UAV remote sensing could monitor and locate the condition of infrastructure post-construction utilization under sunny and cloudless days. Using the method introduced in this paper and combined with the visual interpretation and field survey, the total accuracy rate of field roads reached 80%, and the total classification accuracy rate of canals was about 70%. The cross accuracy rate of field roads and canals was about 70%. The main problem of infrastructure post-construction utilization in the study area was the road obstruction and mild silted up of the canals caused by delayed management and maintenance. After monitoring, this paper analyzed the causes of the differences of monitoring ratio between field roads and canals, and especially explained the causes of the lower monitoring ratio of canals in details. They were as follows: first, the training samples may not match the actual objects in the maps, which caused the extracted information of blocked canals incomplete; second, the spectral information of vegetation and canal water shared the same characteristic in the visible-band image, which might interference the model. This paper also used higher resolution image and linear infrastructure under 2 m to validate the reliability of the model. Route 2a was used to validate the classification accuracy due to the image resolution was higher. Route 2b was used to validate the classification accuracy due to the linear infrastructure width was under 2 m. We found that the overall accuracy of linear infrastructure increased insignificantly while the image resolution higher, meanwhile the overall accuracy of linear infrastructure decreased remarkably when the road and canal width was less than 2 m. During the process of UAV remote sensing for monitoring linear infrastructure post-construction utilization such as field roads and canals of land consolidation projects, we can use the high-resolution image efficiently in sunny and cloudless condition, and at the same time there is still much room for improvement.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:30
Main heading:Canals
Controlled terms:Aerial photography - Agriculture - Antennas - Condition monitoring - Hydraulic structures - Image enhancement - Image resolution - Information retrieval - Models - Pavements - Quality control - Remote sensing - Silt - Support vector machines - Surveys - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)
Uncontrolled terms:Agricultural productions - High-resolution aerial images - Infrastructure - Land consolidations - Monitoring and evaluations - Social and economic development - Speeded up robust features - SVM(support vector machine)
Classification code:407.2 Waterways - 483.1 Soils and Soil Mechanics - 652.1 Aircraft, General - 723 Computer Software, Data Handling and Applications - 742.1 Photography - 821 Agricultural Equipment and Methods; Vegetation and Pest Control - 903.3 Information Retrieval and Use - 913.3 Quality Assurance and Control
Numerical data indexing:Percentage 7.00e+01%, Percentage 8.00e+01%, Size 2.00e+00m
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.010
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
<RECORD 38>
Accession number:20191206653333
Title:Pilot plant test of biogas production by rice straw sequencing batch dry anaerobic digestion and its kinetic analysis
Authors:Liu, Yang (1, 2, 3); Yan, Zhiying (1, 2); Ji, Gaosheng (1, 2); Xu, Lishan (1, 2); Fang, Junnan (1, 2, 3); Zeng, Yong (1, 2); Huan, Chenchen (1, 2); Tong, Xinyu (1, 2)
Author affiliation:(1) Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu; 610041, China; (2) Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Sichuan Province, Chengdu; 610041, China; (3) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; 100049, China
Corresponding author:Yan, Zhiying(yanzy@cib.ac.cn)
Source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abbreviated source title:Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao
Volume:34
Issue:23
Issue date:December 1, 2018
Publication year:2018
Pages:221-226
Language:Chinese
ISSN:10026819
CODEN:NGOXEO
Document type:Journal article (JA)
Publisher:Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
Abstract:The organic waste can be converted by anaerobic digestion into a clean energy source of methane under gentle conditions. Dry anaerobic digestion, one kind of anaerobic digestion, was often used to treat municipal waste and had achieved great results for decades in Europe and America. The dry anaerobic digestion of biogas production technology is a better way than wet fermentation to handle rice straw. It has lots of advantages, such as bigger processing capacity, simpler device, lower energy loss and water consumption. However, dry fermentation of straw is very easy to fail due to heterogeneity of substrate, acid inhibition, etc. There were a few researches on the key technology in exploring the AD efficiency of rice straw based agricultural waste. Therefore, this paper studied the biogas production characteristics of pilot-scale dry anaerobic digestion using rice straw as feedstock. The parameters were determined by the laboratory pre-experiment, rice straw was stacked on the field for 3 days with moisture of 67.58% adjusted by 500 kg biogas slurry, rice straw pretreated (269 kg, TS of 89.19%) was mixed with inoculums (300 kg, 28.06%). The pilot-scale dry anaerobic digestion was conducted under the conditions of constant temperature at 30-35℃ for 55 days. The result of the pilot-scale experiment showed that the biogas yield of rice straw was 308.20 m<sup>3</sup>/t, the methane yield of rice straw was 167.44 m<sup>3</sup>/t, the maximum methane content reached 57.88% after 55 days of dry anaerobic digestion. According to the results of biogas production, the pilot-scale experiment had excellent daily biogas production and higher methane concentration, and the whole process ran stably. The modified Gompertz equation was commonly used to perform kinetic analysis of anaerobic digestion, so the Gompertz model was used to fit the methane production curve of rice straw. The fitted methanogenic potential value was quite close to the actual methanogenic potential value, and R<sup>2</sup> value is 0.990 7, which indicated that the Gompertz model was also suitable for fitting the methane production in this study. Although the pilot-scale test ran successfully, the conditions could be optimized for a better result. The study can provide theoretical guidance and basis for batch dry anaerobic digestion on the treatment of rice straw.<br/> © 2018, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
Number of references:35
Main heading:Anaerobic digestion
Controlled terms:Agricultural wastes - Biogas - Degradation - Energy dissipation - Fermentation - Kinetics - Methanation - Methane - Pilot plants - Straw
Uncontrolled terms:Clean energy sources - Constant temperature - Dry anaerobic digestions - Methane concentrations - Methanogenic potential - Modified gompertz equations - Pilot-scale experiments - Processing capacities
Classification code:525.4 Energy Losses (industrial and residential) - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 821.5 Agricultural Wastes - 931 Classical Physics; Quantum Theory; Relativity
Numerical data indexing:Age 1.51e-01yr, Age 8.22e-03yr, Mass 2.69e+02kg, Mass 3.00e+02kg, Mass 5.00e+02kg, Percentage 2.81e+01%, Percentage 5.79e+01%, Percentage 6.76e+01%, Percentage 8.92e+01%
DOI:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2018.23.028
Database:Compendex
Compilation and indexing terms, Copyright 2019 Elsevier Inc.
期刊信息
- 主管单位 中国科学技术协会
- 主办单位 中国农业工程学会
- 主编 朱明
- 总编/社长 王应宽
- 地址 北京朝阳区麦子店街41号
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- Bioresource Technology
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Biomass & Bioenergy
- Biosystems Engineering
- Aquacultural Engineering
- International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
- Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
- Paddy and Water Environment
- Journal of Agricultural Engineering
- Transactions of the ASABE
- Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental
- Applied Engineering in Agriculture
- Engenharia Agricola
- AMA-Agricultural Mechanization in Asia Africa and Latin America
- 中华人民共和国农业农村部-MARA
- 中国科学技术协会CAST
- 国家新闻出版署
- 中华人民共和国科学技术部
- 国家自然科学基金委员会
- U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
- CIGR
- ASABE
- EurAgEng-European Society for Agricultural Engineers
- American Society of Agronomy
- Crop Science Society of America
- Soil Science Society of America
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